Algeria
 

to 5 Jul 1830	1671 - 5 Jul 1830  Flag of the Deys	5 Jul 1830 - 3 Jul 1962
19 Sep 1958 -  3 Jul 1962               Prov. Govt of Algeria in Exile	Adopted 3 Jul 1962

Map of Algeria Hear National Anthem "Kassaman" (We Pledge) Text of National Anthem  Adopted 3 Jul 1962 Constitution    (22 Nov 1976) Capital: Algiers Currency: Algerian Dinar (DZD) National Holiday:  1 Nov (1954)  Anniversary of Revolution Population: 33,769,668 (2008)  GDP: $235.5 billion (2008)  Exports: $75.06 billion (2008) Imports: $36.87 billion (2008) Ethnic groups: Algerian Arab 59.1%, Amazigh (Berber) 23.2%, Arabized Berber 3%, Bedouin Arab 14.5%, European less than 0.2% (2000) Total Active Armed Forces: 137,500 (2006) Merchant marine: 33 ships (2008) Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99.7% (Sunni 99.1%, Ibadiyah 0.6%), Christian 0.3% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, APM, AU, BIS, BTWC, CTBT, ENMOD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Algeria Index Chronology 944                        Algiers founded. 1510 - 29 May 1529         Spanish occupation of Peñón de Algiers. 1534 - Oct 1541            Spanish occupation of Peñón de Algiers. 1536                       Province of the Ottoman Empire. 1671                       Rule of semi-autonomous Deys. 1711                       Deys recognized as governors by the Ottomans.  5 Jul 1830                Algiers taken by France (Oran on 4 Jan 1831; Bone                              1832; Bougie 1833; Arzew 10 Jul 1833; Mostaganem                              28 Jul 1833; Tlemecen 8 Jan 1836; Constantine                              1837; Djidjelli 23 May 1839; Miliana 8 Jun 1840;                              Zaateha oasis 26 Nov 1849; Laghouat 4 Dec 1852). 22 Nov 1832 - 23 Dec 1847  Emirate of Mascara established in revolt by                               Abdelkedir. 22 Jul 1834                French Possessions in the North of Africa. 1839                       French Algerian Possessions 15 Apr 1845                Named Algeria.  9 Dec 1848                Algiers, Constantine and Oran made départements                              of France. 26 Aug 1881                Algeria, Oran, and Constantine (and from 7 Aug                               1955 Bone) départements each administering                               two [laster six] territories in the south. 24 Dec 1902                The six territories were consolidated into one                              unit, the Territoires du Sud (Southern                               Territories); 14 Aug 1905 these are organized                              into four territories: Aïn Sefra, Ghardaia,                               Oasis, and Touggourt.  22 Jun 1940 -  8 Nov 1942  Administration loyal to Vichy France (from                               8 Nov 1942, under Free French). 19 Sep 1958                Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic                              (established in exile in Tunisia by FLN).  5 Jul 1962                Independence from France (Algerian State).                              (proclaimed by Frace on 3 Jul 1962). 25 Sep 1962                People's Democratic Algerian Republic French Sahara (1957-1962) Bone (Bona) (1535-1710) Bougie (1510-1555) Oney (Honaine) (1531-1534) Oran (1509-1792) Peñón de Algiers (1510-1529,  1534-1541) Constanine (Qusantina) (1567-1848) Kel Ahaggar (c.1750-1977)  Tuggurt (1414-1700)

Beylerbeys (Ottoman governors)
1516 - 1518                Aruj
1518 - 1520                Khair ad-Din (Barbarossa)          (b. c.1474 - d. 1546)
                             (1st time)
1525 - 1545                Khair ad-Din (Barbarossa)          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1535 - 1543                Hasan Aga                          (b. c.1487 - d. 1545)
                             (acting for Barbarosa)
1543 - 1544                Beshir Pasha 
                             (acting for Barbarosa)
1544 - 1546                Hasan Pasha (1st time)             (d. 1572)
                             (acting for Barbarosa)
1546 - 1551                Hasan Pasha (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1551 - 1552                Khalifa Saffah (acting)
1552 - 1556                Salah Raïs
1556 - 1557                Hasan Corso (acting)               (d. 1557)
1557                       Mehmed Tekkelerli                  (d. 1557)
1557                       Yusuf (acting)
1557                       Yahya (acting)
1557 - 1561                Hasan Pasha (3rd time)             (s.a.)
1561 - 1562                Hasan Khüsro Aga (acting)
1562                       Ahmad Pasha Qabia (acting)
1562 - 1567                Hasan Pasha (4th time)             (s.a.)
1567 - 1568                Mehmed Pasha (1st time)(acting)
1568 - 1577                Ölj Ali Pasha 
                             (el-Euldj 'Ali)
1568 - 1570                Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)
                             (acting for Ölj Ali Pasha)
1570 - 1574                Arab Ahmed                         (d. 1578)
                             (acting for Ölj Ali Pasha)
1574 - 1577                Qa'id Ramadan 
                             (acting for Ölj Ali Pasha)
Pashas
1577 - 1580                Hasan Pasha Veneziano (1st time)   (d. af.1588)
1580 - 1582                Jafer Pasha 
1582                       Qa`id Ramadan 
1582 - 1588                Hasan Pasha Veneziano (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1588 - 1589                Deli Ahmed Pasha
1589 - 1592                Khizr (or Haydar) Pasha            (d. 1605)
                             (1st time) 
1592 - 1594                Shaban Pasha
1594                       Mustafa Pasha (1st time) 
1594 - 1596                Khizr Pasha (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1596 - 1598                Mustafa Pasha (2nd time)
1598 - 1599                Hasan Pasha Bu Risa
1599 - 1603                Süleyman Pasha
1603 - 1605                Khizr Pasha (3rd time)             (s.a.)
1605 - 1607                Köse Mustafa Pasha (1st time)
1607 - 1610                Rizvan Pasha
1610 - 1613                Köse Mustafa Pasha (2nd time)
1613 - 1616                Shaykh Huseyin Pasha (1st time)
1616                       Köse Mustafa Pasha (3rd time)
1616                       Süleyman Katanya
1617 - 1619                Shaykh Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time)
1619 - 1621                Sherif Koça
1621                       Khizr Pasha (4th time)
1621                       Mustafa Pasha
1622                       Khüsrev Pasha
1622 - 1626                Murad Pasha
1627 - 1629                Hüseyin Pasha (1st time)
1629 - 1629/30             Yunus
1629/30 - 1634             Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time)
1634 - 1636                Yusuf Pasha
1636 - 1638                Abu'l-Hasan Ali Pasha
1638 - 1640                Shaykh Hüseyin Pasha
1640 - 1642                Abu Djamal Youssef Pasha
1642 - 1645                Mehmed Brusali Pasha
1645                       Ali Biçnin (Bijnin) Pasha
1645 - 1647                Mahmud Brusali Pasha
1647 - 1650                Yusef Pasha
1650 - 1653                Mehmed Pasha
1653 - 1655                Ahmed Pasha (1st time)
1655 - 1656                Ibrahim Pasha (1st time)
1656 - 1658                Ahmad Pasha (2nd time)
1658 - 1659                Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time)
1659                       Ismail Pasha
Aghas
1659 - 1660                Khalil Aga                          (d. 1659)
1660 - 1661                Ramadan Aga                         (d. 1661)
1661 - 1665                Shaban Aga                          (d. 1665)
1665 - 1671                Ali Aga                             (d. 1671)
Deys
1671 - 1682                Muhammad I 
1682 - 1683                Hassan I Baba                       (d. 1683)
1683 - 1686                Hüseyin I "Mezzo-morte"             (d. 1701/02)
1686 - 1688                Ibrahim I
1688 - 1695                Sha'ban 
1695 - 1698                Ahmed I 
1698 - 1699                Hassan II Chavush 
1699 - Oct 1705            Mustafa I
Oct 1705 - Apr 1706        Hüseyin II Khoja
Apr 1706 - Mar 1710        Muhammad II Bektash
Mar 1710 - 17 Jun 1710     Ibrahim II
17 Jun 1710 -  4 Apr 1718  Ali II Shavush                     (d. 1718)
 4 Apr 1718 - 18 May 1724  Muhammad III                       (b. 1682 - d. 1724)
18 May 1724 - 1731         Kurd 'Abdi                         (b. c.1665 - d. 1731)
1731 - Nov 1745            Ibrahim III "the Old"
Nov 1745 - Feb 1748        Kücük Ibrahim IV
Feb 1748 - 11 Dec 1754     Muhammad IV "El Retorto"           (b. c.1684 - d. 1754)
11 Dec 1754 - Feb 1766     Ali III                            (d. 1766)
Feb 1766 - 11 Jul 1791     Muhammad V                         (b. 1688? - d. 1791)
11 Jul 1791 - Jun 1798     Hassan III                         (d. 1798)
Jun 1798 -  1 Jul 1805     Mustafa II
 1 Jul 1805 - 15 Nov 1808  Ahmed II
15 Nov 1808 - Feb 1809     Ali IV ar-Rasul
Feb 1809 - Mar 1815        Ali V                              (d. 1815)
Mar 1815 - 11 Apr 1815     Muhammad VI
11 Apr 1815 -  2 May 1817  Omar                               (b. 1771 - d. 1817)
 2 May 1817 -  1 Mar 1818  Ali VI Khoja                       (d. 1818)
 1 Mar 1818 -  5 Jul 1830  Hüseyin III                        (b. 1767 - d. 1848)
Military Commanders
 5 Jul 1830 - 12 Aug 1830  Louis, comte de Chaisne de         (b. 1773 - d. 1846)
                             Bourmont 
12 Aug 1830 - 21 Mar 1831  Bertrand, comte Clauzel            (b. 1772 - d. 1842)
21 Mar 1831 -  6 Dec 1831  Pierre, baron Berthezène           (b. 1775 - d. 1847)
 6 Dec 1831 - 29 Apr 1833  René Savary, duc de Rovigo         (b. 1774 - d. 1833)
22 Nov 1832 - Dec 1843     Abd-el-Kader -Emir of Mascara      (b. 1808 - d. 1883)
                             (Amir al-Mu´minin [also styled Sultan], 
                             in rebellion [to 23 Dec 1847 in exile in Morocco])
29 Apr 1833 - 27 Jul 1834  Théophile, baron Voirol            (b. 1781 - d. 1853)
Governors-general
27 Jul 1834 -  8 Jul 1835  Jean Baptiste,                     (b. 1765 - d. 1844)
                             comte Drouet d'Erlon 
 8 Jul 1835 - 12 Feb 1837  Bertrand, comte Clauzel            (s.a.)
12 Feb 1837 - 13 Oct 1837  Charles-Marie Denys,               (b. 1793 - d. 1837)
                             comte de Damrémont
11 Nov 1837 - Dec 1840     Sylvain Charles, comte Valée       (b. 1773 - d. 1846)
22 Feb 1841 - 27 Sep 1847  Thomas Robert Bugeaud,             (b. 1784 - d. 1849)
                             marquis de la Piconnerie, 
                             (from 1844) duc d'Isly
 1 Sep 1845 -  6 Jul 1847  Louis Juchault de Lamoricière      (b. 1806 - d. 1865)
                             (acting for Bugeaud) 
 6 Jul 1847 - 27 Sep 1847  Marie-Alphonse Bedeau              (b. 1804 - d. 1863)
                             (acting for Bugeaud)
27 Sep 1847 - 24 Feb 1848  Henri Eugène Philippe Louis        (b. 1822 - d. 1897)
                             d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale 
24 Feb 1848 - 29 Apr 1848  Louis Eugène Cavaignac             (b. 1802 - d. 1857)
29 Apr 1848 -  9 Sep 1848  Nicolas Anne Théodule Changarnier  (b. 1793 - d. 1877)
 9 Sep 1848 - 22 Oct 1850  Viala, baron Charon                (b. 1794 - d. 1880)
22 Oct 1850 - 10 May 1851  Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul   (b. 1789 - d. 1865)
10 May 1851 - 11 Dec 1851  Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier     (b. 1794 - d. 1864)
                             (1st time)
11 Dec 1851 - 31 Aug 1858  Jacques Louis César Alexandre,     (b. 1795 - d. 1871)
                             comte de Randon
Ministers for Algeria and the colonies
31 Aug 1858 - 21 Mar 1859  Prince Napoléon Bonaparte          (b. 1822 - d. 1891)
21 Mar 1859 - 24 Nov 1860  Prosper, comte de Chasseloup-Laubat(b. 1805 - d. 1873)
Governors-general
24 Nov 1860 - 22 May 1864  Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier,    (s.a.)
                             duc de Malakoff (2nd time)
Minister for Algeria and the colonies
22 May 1864 -  1 Sep 1864  Édouard de Martimprey              (b. 1808 - d. 1883)
Governors-general
 1 Sep 1864 - 27 Jul 1870  Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon       (b. 1808 - d. 1893)
27 Jul 1870 - 23 Oct 1870  Louis, baron Durrieu (acting)      (b. 1812 - d. 1877)
23 Oct 1870 - 16 Nov 1870  Jean Louis Marie Walsin-Esterhazy  (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
                             (acting)
Extraordinary Commissioners (and prefects of Oran)
16 Nov 1870 -  8 Feb 1871  Charles du Bouzet                  (b. 1817 - d. 1883)
c.Nov 1870 - Mar 1871      Benoît François Romuald Vuillermoz (b. 1820 - d. 1877) 
                             (Head of the Committee of Defense
                             and Mayor of Algiers; in opposition)
 8 Feb 1871 - 29 Mar 1871  Alexis Lambert                     (b. 1829 - d. 1877) 
Governors-general
29 Mar 1871 - 10 Jun 1873  Louis Henri, comte de Gueydon      (b. 1809 - d. 1886)
10 Jun 1873 - 15 Mar 1879  Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy       (b. 1823 - d. 1883)
15 Mar 1879 - 26 Nov 1881  Albert Grévy (acting)              (b. 1834 - d. 1899)
26 Nov 1881 - 18 Apr 1891  Louis Tirman                       (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
18 Apr 1891 -  1 Oct 1897  Jules Cambon                       (b. 1845 - d. 1935)
 1 Oct 1897 - 26 Jul 1898  Louis Lépine                       (b. 1846 - d. 1933)
26 Jul 1898 -  3 Oct 1900  Édouard Laferrières                (b. 1813 - d. 1901)
 3 Oct 1900 - 18 Jun 1901  Charles Célestin Jonnart (1st time)(b. 1857 - d. 1927) 
                             (acting) 
18 Jun 1901 - 11 Apr 1903  Paul Révoil                        (b. 1856 - d. 1914)
11 Apr 1903 -  5 May 1903  Maurice Varnier (acting)           (b. 1851 - d. 19..)
 5 May 1903 - 22 May 1911  Charles Célestin Jonnart (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting) 
22 May 1911 - 29 Jan 1918  Charles Lutaud                     (b. 1855 - d. 1921)
29 Jan 1918 - 29 Aug 1919  Charles Célestin Jonnart (3rd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting) 
29 Aug 1919 - 28 Jul 1921  Jean Baptiste Eugène Abel          (b. 1863 - d. 1921)
28 Jul 1921 - 17 Apr 1925  Théodore Steeg                     (b. 1868 - d. 1950)
17 Apr 1925 - 12 May 1925  Henri Dubief (acting)
12 May 1925 - 20 Nov 1927  Maurice Viollette                  (b. 1870 - d. 1960)
20 Nov 1927 -  3 Oct 1930  Pierre Louis Bordes                (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
 3 Oct 1930 - 21 Sep 1935  Jules Gaston Henri Carde           (b. 1874 - d. 1949)
21 Sep 1935 - 20 Jul 1940  Georges Le Beau                    (b. 1879 - d. 1962)
20 Jul 1940 - 16 Jul 1941  Jean Charles Abrial                (b. 1879 - d. 1962)
16 Jul 1941 - 20 Nov 1941  Maxime Weygand                     (b. 1867 - d. 1965)
20 Nov 1941 - 20 Jan 1943  Yves Charles Chatel                (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
20 Jan 1943 -  3 Jun 1943  Marcel Peyrouton                   (b. 1887 - d. 1983)
 3 Jun 1943 -  8 Sep 1944  Georges Catroux                    (b. 1877 - d. 1969)
 8 Sep 1944 - 11 Feb 1948  Yves Chataigneau                   (b. 1891 - d. 1961)
11 Feb 1948 -  9 Mar 1951  Marcel Edmond Naegelen             (b. 1892 - d. 1978)
12 Apr 1951 - 26 Jan 1955  Roger Léonard                      (b. 1898 - d. 1987)
26 Jan 1955 -  1 Feb 1956  Jacques Émile Soustelle            (b. 1912 - d. 1990)
Resident ministers
 1 Feb 1956 -  9 Feb 1956  Georges Catroux                    (s.a.)
 9 Feb 1956 - 13 May 1958  Robert Lacoste                     (b. 1898 - d. 1989)
13 May 1958 -  1 Jun 1958  André Mutter                       (b. 1901 - d. 1973)
13 May 1958 - 23 May 1958  Jacques Massu                      (b. 1908 - d. 2002)
                            (president of the Committee of Public 
                             Safety, in rebellion)
23 May 1958 -  7 Jun 1958  Jacques Massu                      (s.a.)
                           + Sid Cara                         (b. 1902 - d. 1999)
                           (presidents of the Central Committee 
                            of Public Safety, in rebellion) 
Delegates-general
 7 Jun 1958 - 12 Dec 1958  Raoul Albin Louis Salan            (b. 1899 - d. 1984)
12 Dec 1958 - 23 Nov 1960  Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier       (b. 1914 - d. 1995)
23 Nov 1960 - 19 Mar 1962  Jean Morin                         (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
21 Apr 1961 - 25 Apr 1961  Directorate (in rebellion)
                           - Maurice Challe                   (b. 1905 - d. 1979)
                           - André Zeller                     (b. 1898 - d. 1979)
                           - Edmond Jouhaud                   (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
                           - Raoul-Albin-Louis Salan          (s.a.)
High commissioner
19 Mar 1962 -  3 Jul 1962  Christian Fouchet                  (b. 1911 - d. 1974)
Chairman of the Provisional Executive
 7 Apr 1962 - 25 Sep 1962  Abderrahmane Farès                 (b. 1911 - d. 1991)  FLN
Chairman of the National Constituent Assembly
25 Sep 1962 - 27 Sep 1962  Ferhat Said Ahmed Abbas            (b. 1899 - d. 1985)  FLN
Presidents
27 Sep 1962 - 19 Jun 1965  Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella            (b. 1918)            FLN
                            (head of state as prime minister to 20 Sep 1963)
19 Jun 1965 - 27 Dec 1978  Houari Boumedienne                 (b. 1932? - d. 1978) Mil/FLN
                            (Mohamed Ben Brahim Boukharouba)
                            (Chairman Revolutionary Council to 11 Dec 1976)
27 Dec 1978 -  9 Feb 1979  Rabah Bitat (interim)              (b. 1925 - d. 2000)  FLN
 9 Feb 1979 - 11 Jan 1992  Chadli Bendjedid                   (b. 1929)            FLN
11 Jan 1992 - 14 Jan 1992  Abdelmalek Benhabyles              (b. 1921)            FLN
                            (chairman Constitutional Council)
14 Jan 1992 - 31 Jan 1994  High State Committee
                           - Khaled Nezzar                    (b. 1937)            Mil
                           - Ali Haroun                       (b. 1927)            FLN
                           - Tedjini Haddam                   (b. 1921 - d. 2000)  Non-party
                           - Ali Kafi                         (b. 1928)            FLN
                              (chairman from 2 Jul 1992) 
                           - Mohamed Boudiaf                  (b. 1919 - d. 1992)  PRS
                              (16 Jan - 29 Jun 1992)(chairman)
                           - Redha Malek (from 2 Jul 1992)    (b. 1931)            Non-party
31 Jan 1994 - 27 Apr 1999  Liamine Zéroual                    (b. 1941)          Non-party/RND
                             (Head of State to 27 Nov 1995)
27 Apr 1999 -              Abdelaziz Bouteflika               (b. 1937)            Non-party

Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
(in Tunis exile to 3 Jul 1962)
19 Sep 1958 - 27 Aug 1961  Ferhat Said Ahmed Abbas            (s.a.)               FLN 
27 Aug 1961 - 27 Sep 1962  Benyoucef Ben Khedda               (b. 1920 - d. 2003)  FLN 
Prime ministers
27 Sep 1962 - 20 Sep 1963  Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella            (s.a.)               FLN
 8 Mar 1979 - 22 Jan 1984  Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani       (b. 1927 - d. 1996)  FLN 
22 Jan 1984 -  5 Nov 1988  Abdelhamid Brahimi                 (b. 1936)            FLN 
 5 Nov 1988 -  9 Sep 1989  Kasdi Merbah                       (b. 1938 - d. 1993)  FLN 
 9 Sep 1989 -  5 Jun 1991  Mouloud Hamrouche                  (b. 1943)            FLN
 5 Jun 1991 -  8 Jul 1992  Sid Ahmed Ghozali                  (b. 1937)            FLN 
 8 Jul 1992 - 21 Aug 1993  Belaid Abdessalam                  (b. 1928)            FLN 
21 Aug 1993 - 11 Apr 1994  Redha Malek                        (s.a.)               Non-party
11 Apr 1994 - 31 Dec 1995  Mokdad Sifi                        (b. 1940)            Non-party
31 Dec 1995 - 15 Dec 1998  Ahmed Ouyahia (1st time)           (b. 1952)          Non-party/RND
15 Dec 1998 - 23 Dec 1999  Smail Hamdani                      (b. 1930)            Non-party
23 Dec 1999 - 27 Aug 2000  Ahmed Benbitour                    (b. 1946)            Non-party
27 Aug 2000 -  5 May 2003  Ali Benflis                        (b. 1944)            FLN
 5 May 2003 - 24 May 2006  Ahmed Ouyahia (2nd time)           (s.a.)               RND
24 May 2006 - 23 Jun 2008  Abdelaziz Belkhadem                (b. 1945)            FLN 
23 Jun 2008 -              Ahmed Ouyahia (3rd time)           (s.a.)               RND

 Emirate of Mascara Flag 1832-1847

Party abbreviations: FLN = Front pour la Libération Nationale/Jabha al Tahrir al Watani (Front for National Liberation, socialist -only legal party 1958-1989); MSP = Mouvement de la société pour la paix/Harakat Moudjtamaa As-Silm (Movement of the Society for Peace, islamist);
PRS = Parti Révolutionnaire Socialiste (Revolutionary Socialist Party); RND = Rassemblement national pour la démocratie (National Rally for Democracy, authoritarian); Mil = Military
note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in Mar 1997. 

Ministers for Sahara (in Paris)
13 Jun 1957 - 14 May 1958  Max Lejeune (1st time)             (b. 1909 - d. 1995)
14 May 1958 -  1 Jun 1958  Édouard Corniglion-Molinier        (b. 1899 - d. 1960)
 3 Jun 1958 -  8 Jan 1959  Max Lejeune (2nd time)             (s.a.)
 5 Feb 1960 - 24 Aug 1961  Robert Lecourt                     (b. 1908 - d. 2004)
24 Aug 1961 - 15 Apr 1962  Louis Jacquinot                    (b. 1898 - d. 1993)

1535                       Bone occupied by Spain.
1540                       Bone a Genoese possession.
1710                       Annexed by Algiers. 
27 Mar 1832                Bône conquered by France and incorporated into Algeria
                             (from 1962 city renamed Annaba).

Governor (Alcaídes)
1535 - 16 Oct 1540         Alvar Gómez de Orozco Said el Zagal
16 Oct 1540 - 1540         Girón
Genoese Governors
1540 - 1710                ....

31 Jan 1510 - 1555         Bougie (Bugia) occupied by Spain.
29 Sep 1833                Conquered by France and incorporated into Algeria
                             (from 1962 city renamed Béjaïa).

to 1708; 1732 - 1792

1708 - 1732; 1792 - 1831

19 May 1509                Orán and Mazalquivir (Mers el-Kebir) Spanish possessions.
 2 Jan 1708                Occupied by Algiers, part of the Ottoman Empire.
 1 Jul 1732 -  6 Mar 1792  Spanish rule restored.
 6 Mar 1792                Re-incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
 4 Jan 1831                Conquered by France and incorporated into Algeria.

Commanders
1509                       Pedro Navarro, conde de Oliveto    (b. c.1460 - d. 1528)
1509 - 1510                Rui Días Álvares de Rojas
Governors and Captains-general
1509 - 1512                Diego Fernández de Córdoba y
                             Arellano, marqués de Comares
                             (1st time)
1512 - 1517                Martín de Argote
1517 - 1522                Diego Fernández de Córdoba y
                             Arellano, marqués de Comares
                             (2nd time)
1522 - 1523                Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 
                             marqués de Comares (1st time)
1523 - 1525                Luis de Cárdenas
1525 - 1531                Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 
                             marqués de Comares (2nd time)
1531 - 1534                Pedro de Godoy
1534 - 1558                Martín Alonso Fernández de 
                             Córdoba Montemayor y Velasco, 
                             conde de Alcaudete
1558 - 1564                Alonso de Córdoba y Fernández
                             de Velasco, conde de Alcaudete
1564 - 1565                Andrés Ponce de León
1565 - 1567                Hernán Tello de Guzmán
1567 - 1571                Pedro Luis Galcerán de Borja 
                             y Castrópinos, marqués de 
                             Navarrés
1571 - 1573                Felipe Galcerán de Borja
1573 - 1574                Diego Fernández de Córdoba, 
                             conde de Comares (1st time)
1574 - 1575                Luis de Bocanegra
1575 - 1585                Martín de Córdoba y Velasco, 
                             marqués de Cortes
1585 - 1589                Pedro de Padilla
1589 - 1594                Diego Fernández de Córdoba, 
                             conde de Comares (2nd time)
1594 - 1596                Gabriel Niño de Zúñiga
1596 - 1604                Francisco de Córdoba y Velasco,
                             conde de Alcaudete
1604 - 1607                Juan Ramírez de Guzmán, 
                             conde de Teba
1607 - 1608                Diego de Toledo y Guzmán
1608 - 1616                Felipe Ramírez de Arellano,
                             conde de Aguilar de Inestrillas
1616 - 1625                Jorge de Cárdenas Manrique, 
                             duque de Maqueda
1625 - 1628                Antonio Sancho Dávila y Toledo,    (b. 1590 - d. 1666)
                             marqués de Velada
1628 - 1632                Francisco González de Andía y 
                             Irarrazábal y Zárate, visconde 
                             de Santa Clara de Avedillo
1632 - 1639                Antonio de Zúñiga y de la Cueva,
                             marqués de Flores Dávila 
                             (1st time)
1639 - 1643                Álvaro de Bazán Manrique de Lara 
                             y Benavides, marqués del Viso
1643 - 1647                Rodrigo Pimentel Ponce de León,
                             marqués de Viana
1647 - 1652                Antonio de Zúñiga y de la Cueva,
                             marqués de Flores Dávila 
                             (2nd time)
1652 - 1660                Antonio Gómez Dávila Toledo        (b. c.1615 - d. 1689) 
                             y Osorio, marqués de San Román
1660 - 1666                Gaspar Felipe de Guzmán, 
                             duque de San Lucar
1666 - 1672                Fernando Joaquín Fajardo de    
                             Requeséns y Zúñiga, marqués
                             de los Vélez
1672 - 1675                Diego de Portugal
1675 - 1678                Iñigo de Toledo y Osorio
1678 - 1681                Pedro Andrés Ramírez de Guzmán 
                             y Acuña, marqués de Algava
1681 - 1682                Gaspar Portocarrero, 
                             conde de la Monclova
1682 - 1683                Pedro Félix José de Silva y 
                             Meneses, conde de Cifuentes
1683 - 1685                Juan de Villalpando, marqués 
                             de Osera
1685 - 1687                Antonio Paniagua de Loaysa y 
                             Zúñiga, marqués de Santa Cruz
                             de Paniangua
1687                       Diego de Bracamonte, conde de
                             Bracamonte
1687 - 11 Feb 1691         Félix Nieto da Silva, conde         (b. 1635 - d. 1691)
                             de Guaro
1691 - 1692                Jean-Louis d'Orléans, comte de
                             Charny
1692 - 1697                Andrés Copola, duque de Cansano
1697 - 1701                Gonzalo Arias Dávila Pacheco 
                             Coloma y Borja, marqués 
                             de Casasola
1701 - 1704                Juan Francisco Manrique de Arana    (b. 1655 - d. 17..) 
                             y de Iraola
1704 - 1707                Carlo Carafa
1707 - 1708                Melchor Avellaneda y Sandoval
                             Rojas y Ramiro, marqués de
                             Valdecañas
1708 - 1732                Shabah Bey -Ottoman [Wali] governor
1732                       Álvaro de Navia Osorio y Vigil,
                             marqués de Santa Cruz de
                             Marcenado
1733                       Antonio Arias del Castillo         (b. 1686 - d. 1740)
                             y Veintimiglia, marqués de
                             Villadarias
1733 - 1738                José Vallejo
1738 - 1742                José Basilio de Aramburu
1742 - 1748                Alexandre de la Mothe
1748 - 1752                Pedro de Algaín, marqués
                             de al Real Corona
1752 - 1758                Juan Antonio de Escoiquiz
1758 - 1765                Juan Martín Zermeño
1765 - 1768                Cristóbal de Córdoba
1767 - 1770                Victorio Alcondolo Bolognino 
                             Visconti, conde de Bolognino
17 Sep 1770 - 12 May 1774  Eugenio de Álvarado Hurtado
                             Saavedra y Martinez de Lerma
12 May 1774 - 1778         Narciso Vázquez Nicuesa
1778 - 28 Feb 1779         Luís de Carajal                    (d. 1779)
1779 - 1785                Pedro Guelif
1785 - 1789                Luís de la Casas y Aragon
Mar 1789 - 25 May 1790     Manuel Pineda de la Torre y Solís,
                             marqués de Campo Santo
1790 -  3 Nov 1790         Joaquín Mayone y Ferrari,
                             conde de Cumbre Hermosa
 4 Nov 1790 - 27 Feb 1792  Juan de Courten
Walis (governors)
1792 - 1798/99             Mehmed Bey al-Kabir
1798/99 - 1802             Osman Bey
1802 - 1805                Mustafa Bey al-Manzalah (1st time)
1805? - 1807               Mehmed Bey Makkalas                (d. 1807)
1807                       Mustafa Bey al-Manzalah (2nd time)
1807 - 1812                Mehmed al-Reqid
1812 - 1817                Ali Kora Bargli                    (d. 1817)
1827 - 1831                Hassan Bey

Peñón de Algiers

1510 - 29 May 1529         Spanish occupation of Peñón de Algiers (El Peñón de Argel)
                             island in Algiers harbor.
1534 - Oct 1541            Spanish occupation.

Governors
1510 - 15..                ....
15.. - 29 May 1529         Martín de Vargas                   (d. 1529)
29 May 1529 - 1534         Ottoman rule
1534 - Oct 1541            ....               

             1525 - 1837

1525                       Part of Ottoman Empire (Qusantina).
1567                       Beylik of Qusantina, subject to Algiers.
1826                       Local Kabyle population declares independence.
13 Oct 1837                Conquered by France.
1848                       Incorporated into Algeria.

Beys
1567 - 1574                Ramdane Tchulak Bey 
1574 - 1588                Djaâfar Bey 
1588 - 1608                Mohammed ben Ferhat Bey
1608 - 1622                Hassan Bey 
1622 - 1647                Mourad Bey 
1647 - 1653                Ferhat Bey 
1653 - 1666                Mohamed ben Ferhat Bey 
1666 - 1673                Redjeb ben Ferhat Bey 
1673 - 1676                Kheireddine Bey 
1676 - 1679                Abderrahmane Dali Bey 
1679 - 1688                Omar Bey ben Abderrahmane 
1688 - 1692                Chaâbane Bey 
1692 - 1700                Ali Khodja (Hoça) Bey              (d. 1700) 
1700 - 1703                Ahmed Bey ben Ferhat
1703 - 1707                Brahem el-Euldj Bey
1708                       Ali Bey ben Hammouda
1708 - 1709                Hussein Chaouch 
1709                       Abderrahmane Bey ben Ferhat
1710                       Hussein Dengizil Bey
1710 - 1713                Ali Bey ben Salah
1713 - 1736                Kelian Hussein Bey Bu Kemia
1736 - 1754                Hassan Bey ben Hussein Bu Hanek    (d. 1754)
1754 - 1756                Hussein Bey Zreg Aïnou 
1756 - 1771                Ahmed Bey ben Ali el Kolli 
1771 - 1792                Salah Bey ben Mostefa              (b. 1725 - d. 1792)
1792                       Brahem Bey Bou Sebaâ 
1792 - 1795                Hussein Bou Hanek Bey              (d. 1795)
1795 - 1798                Mostefa Bey ben Slimane            (d. 1798)
                             el-Ouznadji
1798 - 1803                Hadj Mostefa dit Ingliz Bey 
1803 - 1804                Osman Bey ben Mohamed el-Kebir Bey 
1804 - 1806                Abdallah Khodja Bey ben Smaïl 
1806 - 1807                Hossein Bey ben Salah Bey 
1807 - 1808                Ali Bey ben Baba Ali 
1808                       Ahmed Chaouch el-Kebaili 
1808 - 1811                Ahmed Tobal Bey 
1811 - 1814                Mohamed Naâmane Bey 
1814 - 1818                M'Hamed Tchaker Bey                (d. 1818)
1818                       Kara Mostefa Bey 
1818                       Ahmed Bey Ben Abdullah el-Memlouk  (d. 1822?)
                             (1st time)
1818 - 1819                M'Hamed Ben Daoud el-Mili Bey 
1819 - Aug 1820            Brahem Khodja el-Gherbi            (d. 1820) 
Oct 1820 - 1822            Ahmed Bey Ben Abdullah el-Memlouk  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1822 - 1824                Brahem Critli Bey
1824 - 1826                Mohamed Menamenni Bey ben Khan 
1826 - 1848                Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif       (b. c.1784 - d. 1850)

c.1750                     Kel Ahaggar Tuareg confederation established.
1903                       Under French suzerainty.
1962                       Confederation not recognized by independent Algeria.
1975                       Confederation terminated.

Rulers (title Amenokal)
c.1750 - 1755              Salah
1755 - 1760                Muhammad al-Khir ag Salah
1760 - 1770                Sidi ag Muhammad al-Khir
1770 - 1790                Yunus ag Sidi
1790 - 1830                Ag Mama ag Sidi
1830 - 1877                al-Hajj Ahmad
1877 - 1900                Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
1900 - 1905                Attici ag Amellal
1905 - 27 Dec 1920         Musa ag Amastan                    (b. 1867 - d. 1920)
1920 - 26 Mar 1941         Akhamuk ag Ihemma                  (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1941 - 1950                Meslar ag Amayas                   (d. 1950)
1950 - 1975                Bayy ag Akhemuk                    (d. 1975)

1414                       Sultanate of Tuggurt founded in southern Algeria.
1854                       Abolished by French colonial authority.

Sultans
.... - ....                `Ali II 
.... - ....                Mabruk (Mubarak) 
.... - ....                `Ali III 
.... - ....                Mustafa 
.... - ....                Sulayman III 
1729                       Ahmad III 
.... - ....                Muhammad I al-`Akhal 
.... - ....                Ahmad IV 
.... - ....                Farhat 
.... - ....                Ibrahim
.... - ....                `Abd al-Qadir I (1st time)
                           + Ahmad V
.... - ....                Khalid
.... - ....                `Abd al-Qadir I (2nd time)
175. - 1759                `Umar I bin Bu-Kumetin
1759 - 1765                Muhammad II
1765 - 1766                `Umar II bin Muhammad 
1766 - 1778                Ahmad VI 
1778 - 1782                `Abd al-Qadir II
1782 - 17..                Farhat II 
1792                       Ibrahim II 
1804                       al-Khazan
1804                       Muhammad III
1822                       `Amar (`Amir) II 
1830                       Ibrahim III 
1831                       `Ali IV bin al-Kabir 
1833                       `Aisha (Aichouch)(f)
1840                       `Abd ar-Rahman 
1852                       `Abd al-Qadir III 
1852 - 1854                 Sulayman IV