Bosnia and Hercegovina
 

to 7 Oct 1908 (de jure to 7 Oct 1908)                   7 Oct 1908 - 30 Nov 1918         (de facto 13 Jul 1878 - 7 Oct 1908)     Jul 1878 - 7 Oct 1908 Bosnia-Herzegowina flag           7 Oct 1908 - 1 Dec 1918  Bosnia flag       7 Oct 1908 - 1 Dec 1918 Herzegowina flag                      6 Apr 1992 - 10 Feb 1998                     Adopted 10 Feb 1998   Map of Bosnia and Hercegovina Hear National Anthem "Intermeco" Adopted 10 Feb 1998 Hear Former Anthem "Jedna si Jedina" (You Are One and Only)  (1995-1998) Constitution    (14 Dec 1995) -------------------------------- Dayton Agreement (21 Nov 1995) Capital: Sarajevo (Banja Luka c.1553-1638) Currency: Bosnian Marka (BAM)  National Holiday: 25 Nov (1943) National Day Population: 4,552,198 (2007) GDP: $24.8 billion (2006) note: Bosnia has a large informal sector that could also be as much as 50% of official GDP Exports: $3.5 billion (2006) Imports: $8.2 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000) note: Bosniak replaced Bosnian Muslim as an ethnic term. Total Federation Armed Forces: 13,200 (2002) EU Troops (EUFOR): 7,000 (Dec. 2004) Merchant marine: None (2006)  Religions: Sunni Muslim 43%, Serbian Orthodox 30%, Roman Catholic 18%, other/none 9% (1999) International Organizations/Treaties: APM, BIS, BTWC, CE, CEFTA, CEI, CTBT, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM (observer), NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SECI, SECP, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Bosnia- Hercegovina Index Chronology   1083                       Occupied by Duklja ([Dioclea] present-day                               Montenegro); a regional Dioclean                               governor appointed and then soon the                              governors took title of knez (prince)                               becoming semi-independent from Duklja. 1137                       Part of Hungary. 1154                       Semi-autonomous, ruled by Bans (dukes). 1163 - 1166                Occupied by Hungray. 1166 - 1180                Occupied by Byzantine Empire. 26 Oct 1377                Kingdom of Bosnia proclaimed. 1453                       Ottomans form Hodidjed (Hodide) Vilayet                               from occupied parts of Bosnia. Jun 1463                   Part of the Ottoman Empire (Sandjak of Hodide) 1580                       Bosnian Pashalik   6 Sep 1689 - 10 Sep 1691  Austrian occupation of northeastern Bosnia                              (see under Serbia). 22 Aug 1717 -  4 Sep 1739  Austrian occupation of northeastern Bosnia                              (see under Serbia). 1865                       Ottoman Vilayet (province) of Hodide. Jul 1878 - 13 Jul 1878     Autonomous (virtually independent in the days                              before arrival of Austro-Hungarian troops). 13 Jul 1878                Administered by Austria-Hungary (nominally                               under Ottoman sovereignty [from 26 Feb 1879                              administered by the joint Austro-Hungarian                              Finance Ministry]).  7 Oct 1908                Annexed by Austria-Hungary (crownland of                              Bosnia and province of Herzegowina).  1 Dec 1918                Part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and                               Slovenes (later Yugoslavia).  3 Oct 1929                Divided into the Banovinas of Vrbas and Drina;                              (Vrbaska Banovina and Drinska Banovina). 10 Apr 1941 -  6 May 1945  Part of independent Croatia.  4 Dec 1943                Declared part of Yugoslavia.  2 Dec 1945                Part of Yugoslavia (People's Republic of                              Bosnia and Hercegovina).  7 Jul 1963                Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina                              (within Yugoslavia). 20 Dec 1990                Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina 21 Dec 1991                Serbs declare separate state (not recognized)                              (Republika Srpska).  3 Mar 1992                Independence declared. 29 Aug 1993 - 17 Dec 1996  Bosnian Croats proclaim independence                               as Herceg-Bosna (not recognized). 27 Sep 1993 - 21 Aug 1994  Nominally independent state of Western Bosnia                               declared (not recognized). 31 May 1994                Formation of the Croat-Muslim Federation.  5 Oct 1996                Bosnia and Hercegovina (under United Nations                              and NATO protection). Federation of Bosnia-Hercegovina Federation of Bosnia- Hercegovina Cantons Republika Srpska Brcko District  Hercg-Bosna (1993-1994) Western Bosnia (1993-1995) Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia- Hercegovina (1945-1990)  Ethno-linguistic map of Bosnia c.1991

Princes
1083 - ....                Stefan 
.... - 1154                ....
Bans
1154 - 1163                Boric 
1163 - 1172                ....
1172 - 1204                Kulin                              (d. 1204) 
1204 - 1232                Stefan                             (d. 1236) 
1232 - 1250                Mateja Ninoslav                    (d. 1250) 
1235 - 1240                Sibislav (in opposition)
1250 - 1287                Prijezda I                         (d. 1287) 
                             (1239 - 1241 in opposition) 
1287 - 1313                Stefan I Kotromanic                (d. 1313) 
1287 - 1290                Prijezda II                        (d. 1290) 
Feb 1299 - 1304            Mladen I Subic (in opposition)     (d. 1304) 
1304 - 1322                Mladen II Subic (in opposition) 
1314 - Sep 1353            Stefan II Kotromanic               (d. 1353) 
1314 - 13..                Jelisaveta Nemanjic (f) -Regent    (d. 1331) 
Sep 1353 - 26 Oct 1377     Stefan Tvrtko I                    (b. 1338 - d. 1391) 
Sep 1353 - 1354            Vladislav Kotromanic -Regent       (d. 1354) 
1354 - 1359                Jelena Subic (f) -Regent           (d. 1379) 
1354                       Pavle Kulisic (in opposition)      (d. 1354) 
Feb 1366 - 1367            Stefan Vuk Kotromanic (1st time)
                             (in opposition)
1370                       Stefan Vuk Kotromanic (2nd time) 
                             (in opposition)
Kings
26 Oct 1377 - 10 Mar 1391  Stefan Tvrtko I                    (s.a.) 
Mar 1391 -  8 Sep 1395     Stefan Dabisa                      (d. 1395) 
Sep 1395 - May 1398        Jelena Gruba -Queen
May 1398 - Jun 1404        Stefan Ostoja Hristic (1st time)   (d. 1418)
Jun 1404 - Sep 1408        Tvrtko II Tvrtkovic (1st time)     (b. 1381 - d. 1443)
Sep 1408 - Sep 1418        Stefan Ostoja Hristic (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Sep 1418 - Jul 1420        Stefan Ostojic                     (d. 1422) 
Jul 1420 - 1433            Tvrtko II Tvrtkovic (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1433 - Apr 1435            Radivoj Ostojic                    (d. 1463) 
Apr 1435 - 15 Nov 1443     Tvrtko II Tvrtkovic (3rd time)     (s.a.)
Nov 1443 - 10 Jul 1461     Stefan Tomas Ostojic               (d. 1461)
1443 - 1446                Radivoj Ostojic (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (in opposition) 
1443 - 1444                Ulrih Celjski (in opposition)      (b. 1406 - d. 1456) 
10 Jul 1461 - Jun 1463     Stefan Tomasevic                   (b. 1438 - d. 1463) 
Jun 1463 - 25 Oct 1478     Katarina Kosaca -Queen             (b. 1425 - d. 1478) 
                             (pretender; in Italy exile)
1465 - 1471                Matija Kotromanic 
                             (titular; imposed by Ottomans)
1474 - 1476                Matija Vojsalic 
                             (titular; imposed by Ottomans)
Sep 1471 - 1477            Nikola of Ilok                     (d. 1477)
                             (titular; imposed by Hungary)
Walis 
1453 - Jun 1463            ....
Sanjak-begs
Jun 1463 - 1464            Mehmedbeg Minetovic 
1464 - 1469                Isabeg (1st time)
1469                       Mehmed-beg 
1469 - 1470                Isabeg (2nd time) 
1470 - Sep 1475            Ajas Beg (1st time)                (b. 1450 - d. 1486) 
Aug 1477 - Oct 1478        Ajas Beg (2nd time)                (s.a.)
1482 - 1483                Jahja Pasa (1st time)
Jul 1483 - 1484            Ajas Beg (3rd time) 
1490 - 14..                Hadum Jakub Pasha Bosnjak 
1494 - 1496                Jahja Pasha (2nd time) 
14.. - Apr 1499            Sinan Pasha Borovinic (1st time)   (d. 1517) 
Oct 1513 - 1514            Sinan Pasha Borovinic (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1521                       Balibeg Jahjapasic
1521 - 1525                Gazi Husrev Beg (1st time)         (b. 1480 - d. 1581) 
1526 - 1533                Gazi Husrev Beg (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1536 - 1541                Gazi Husrev Beg (3rd time)         (s.a.)
1547 - 1551                Mehmed Pasha Sofi                  (d. 1551) 
1552 - 1557                Malkoc Beg                         (d. 1565) 
c.1560                     Ali Pasha 
15.. - 23 Sep 1580         Ferhatbeg Sokolovic
Pashas
23 Sep 1580 - 1588         Ferhatbeg Sokolovic 
1591 - 1593                Hasan Pasha Predojevic             (d. 1593) 
1595 - 1603                Dervis Pasha Bajezidagic           (d. 1603) 
1612                       Mehmed Pasha Karakas               (d. 1621) 
1621                       Ibrahim Pasa Memibegovic Sarkos 
1639 - 1642                Sahin Pasha                        (d. 1645) 
1644 - 1646                Ali Pasha Varvari                  (b. 1580 - d. 1648) 
1650 - 1655                Fazli Pasha                        (d. 1657) 
c.1663                     Smail Pasha Cengic
c.1671                     Mahmud Maglajac
c.1677                     Abas Pasha 
c.1677 - 1687              ....
Walis
1687 - May 1688            Mehmed Pasa Atlagic                (d. 1689)
1688 - 1698                ....
1698 - 1701                Köse Halil Defterdar Pasha
1702                       Bosnali Saifullah Pasha (1st time)
1703 - 1704                Haci Ibrahim Pasha
1705                       Sirekci Osman Pasha
1705 - 1707                Dogramaci Mehmed Pasha
1708 - 1708                Banialukali Kapudan Mustafa Pasha
1709 - 1710                Bosnali Saifullah Pasha (2nd time)
1711 - 1711                Karayilan Ali Pasha
1712 - 1713                Sari Ahmed Pasha
1713                       Arnavut Ali Pasha
1714                       Köprülüzade Damad Numan Pasha      (b. 1670 - d. 1719)
                             (1st time)
1715                       Bosnali Sari Mustafa Pasha
1716 - 1716                Haci Yusuf Pasha
1716 - 1716                Ibrahim Pasha
1717                       Shabdyali (Shabad) Ahmed Pasha
1717                       Kara Mustafa Pasha
1717                       Köprülüzade Damad Numan Pasha      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1718 - 1719                Osman Defterdar Pasha
1720 - 1720                Topal Osman Pasha (1st time)
1721 - 1726                Muhsinzade Abdullah Çelebi Pasha   (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
                             (1st time)
1727                       Topal Osman Pasha (2nd time)
1727 - 1728                Gazi Ahmed Pasha
1729 - 1730                Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha            (d. 1742)
1731                       Sirkeci Osman Pasha
1732 - 1735                Muhsinzade Abdullah Çelebi Pasha   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1736 - 1739                Hekimoglu Ali Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1689 - d. 1758)
1740                       Muhsinzade Abdullah Çelebi Pasha   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1741                       Haci Ivazzade Mehmed Pasha         (b. 1675 - d. 1743)
1742 - 1744                Yeghen Mehmed Pasha                (d. 1745)
1745 - 1745                Hekimoglu Ali Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1745 - 1746                Bustanci Süleyman Pasha
1746 - 1747                Hekimoglu Ali Pasha (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1748                       Muhsinzade Abdullah Çelebi Pasha   (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
1749                       Haci Bekr Pasha
1750                       Sherif Abdullah Pasha
1751                       Köprülüzade Haci Ahmed Pasha
                             (1st time)
1752 - 1754                Koca Haci Mehmed Pasha (1st time)  (d. 1762)
1755 - 1757                Ahmed Kamil Pasha
1758 - 1762                Koca Haci Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1763                       Malovanli Ali Pasha
1764                       Kapudan Mehmed Pasha
1765                       Köprülüzade Haci Ahmed Pasha
                             (2nd time)
1766 - 1769                Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (1st time)   (b. 1710 - d. 1771)
1770 - 1771                Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha            (b. 1706 - d. 1773)
1772                       Topaloghlu Osman Pasha
1773                       Dagestanli Ali Pasha (1st time)
1774                       Alvazzade Ali Pasha
1775                       Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1776 - 1777                Dagestanli Ali Pasha (2nd time)
1778                       Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1779                       Seyyid Mustafa Pasha
1780 - 1784                Bosnali Defterdarzade Abdullah 
1785 - 1785                Aidosli Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
1785                       Ismail Pasha
1786                       Morali Ahmed Pasha
1786 - 1787                Selim Pasha
1788                       Bekr Pasha
1789                       Arslan Pasha
1790                       Bosnali Mir Alam Pasha
1790                       Haci Salih Pasha
1790 - 1791                Koca Yusuf Pasha
1791                       Haci Salih Pasha
1792                       Abu Bekr Pasha (1st time)          (d. 1813)
1793 - 1795                ....
1795                       Abu Bekr Pasha (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1796 - 1797                Perisan Mustafa Pasha
1797 - 1799                Vanli Mehmed Pasha
1800 - 1801                Bekr Pasha
1802 - 1803                Vanli Mehmed Pasha
1804 - 1805                Yenisehrli Mustafa Pasha
1806 - 1807                Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
1808 - 1812                Hilmi Ibrahim Pasha
1813 - 1814                Silahdar Ali Pasha
1815                       Hurshid Pasha
1816 - 1817                Bosnali Süleyman Pasha
1818 - 1819                Dervish Mustafa Pasha
1820                       Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
1820 - 1821                Celaleddin Pasha
1822 - 1824                Sherif Selim Sirri Pasha
1825                       Belenli Haci Mustafa Pasha
1826 - 1827                Abderrahman Pasha
1828/29 - 1831             Morali Namik Ali Pasha
1831/32                    Vidinli Ibrahim Pasha
1831                       Kapetan Hüseyin Gradasceni         (b. 1802 - d. 1834)
                             (in rebellion)
1831 - 1832                Mehmed Hamdi Pasha
1833 - 1836                Davud Pasha
1836 - Jan 1841            Yozgatli Mehmed Vecihi Pasha
Jan 1841 - Oct 1843        Samakuli Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha 
Oct 1843 - Oct 1844        Cenani Mehmed Kadri Pasha
Nov 1844 - Dec 1845        Osman Nuri Pasha
Dec 1845 - Jun 1847        Khalil Kamil Pasha
Jun 1847 - May 1850        Cetgheloghlu Mehmed Tahir Pasha
May 1850 - Sep 1850        Cerkes Hafiz Mehmed Pasha
Sep 1850 - Aug 1851        Mehmed Haireddin Pasha
Aug 1851 - Oct 1851        Abdurrahman Sami Pasha
Oct 1851 - Jul 1852        Kiridli Velieddin Rifat Pasha
Jul 1852 - Sep 1856        Arnavud Mehmed Hursid Pasha
Sep 1856 - Aug 1857        Bostancibashizade Mehmed Reshid    (d. 1876)
                             Pasha (1st time)
Aug 1857 - Jun 1859        Tatar Mehmed Kani Pasha
Jun 1859 - Jan 1861        Bosnak Osman Mazhar(?) Pasha
Jan 1861 - Jun 1869        Sherif Topal Osman Pasha           (b. 1804 - d. 1874)
Jun 1869 - Jan 1871        Tatar Sefvet Pasha                 (d. 1895)
Jan 1871 - Sep 1871        Arnavut Mehmed Akif Pasha
                             (1st time)
Sep 1871 - Aug 1872        Mehmed Asim Pasha
                             (1st time)
1872                       Ibrahim Dervish Pasha
                             (1st time)
1872                       Mehmed Reshid Pasha
Oct 1872 - Dec 1873        Mustafa Asim Pasha
Dec 1873 - Mar 1874        Arnavut Mehmed Akif Pasha
                             (2nd time)
Mar 1874 - Aug 1875        Ibrahim Dervish Pasha
                             (2nd time)
Sep 1875 - Dec 1875        Mehmed Rauf Pasha
Jan 1876 - Jun 1876        Ibrahim Pasha
Jun 1876 - Jul 1877        Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha
Jul 1877 - Aug 1878        Ahmed Mazhar Pasha                 (b. 1834 - d. 190)
1878                       Salih Efendi Hadzi Lojo            (d. 1878)
                             (in rebellion)
Austro-Hungarian Commander
13 Jul 1878 - 18 Nov 1878  Joseph Freiherr Philippovich von   (b. 1819 - d. 1889)
                             Philippsberg 
Governors
1878 - 1882                Stefan Freiherr von Jovanovic      (b. 1828 - d. 1885)
                             (governor of Herzegovina)
18 Nov 1878 -  6 Apr 1881  Wilhelm Nikolaus Herzog von        (b. 1828 - d. 1896)
                             Württemberg
                            (head of provincial government)
 6 Apr 1881 -  9 Aug 1882  Hermann Freiherr Dahlen von        (b. 1828 - d. 1896)
                             Orlaburg
 9 Aug 1882 -  8 Dec 1903  Johann Freiherr von Appel          (b. 1828 - d. 1906)
 8 Dec 1903 - 25 Jun 1907  Eugen Freiherr von Albori          (b. 1838 - d. 1915)
30 Jun 1907 -  7 Mar 1909  Anton von Winzor                   (b. 1844 - d. 1910)
                            (from 1909, Anton Freiherr von Winzor)
 7 Mar 1909 - 10 May 1911  Marian von Varesanin-Vares         (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
10 May 1911 - 22 Dec 1914  Oskar Potiorek                     (b. 1853 - d. 1933)
22 Dec 1914 -  3 Nov 1918  Stefan Freiherr von Sarkotic-      (b. 1858 - d. 1939)
                             Lovcen 
President of the Supreme Board of National Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 1 Nov 1918 - 31 Dec 1918  Gligorije Jeftanovic               (b. 1840 - d. 1929) 
Bans of Vrbas 
 9 Oct 1929 - 18 Apr 1934  Svetislav Tisa Milosavljevic       (b. 1882 - d. 1960)
1934 - 193.                Dragoslav Djordjevic 
c.1936                     Bogoljub Kujundzic
193. - 1938                Todor Lazarevc                     (d. 1938)
c.Sep 1939 - 17 Apr 1941   Petar Cvetkovic
Bans of Drina
 9 Oct 1929 - 1934         Velimir Popovic                    (b. 1886 - d. 19..)
c.1935                     Predrag Lukic
19.. - 19..                Radoslav M. Dunjic
19.. - 1940                Ilija Popovic
c.Sep 1939                 Vladimir Jevtic
1940 - 17 Apr 1941         Stanoje Mihaldzic
Chairman of the State Presidency
20 Dec 1990 -  5 Oct 1996  Alija Izetbegovic                  (b. 1925 - d. 2003)  SDA
                             (Bosniak) 
Chairmen of the Presidency of the Republic¹
 5 Oct 1996 - 13 Oct 1998  Alija Izetbegovic (1st time)       (s.a.)               SDA 
                             (Bosniak)
13 Oct 1998 - 15 Jun 1999² Zivko Radisic (1st time)(Serb)     (b. 1937)            SPRS 
15 Jun 1999 - 14 Feb 2000  Ante Jelavic (Croat)               (b. 1963)            HDZ
14 Feb 2000 - 14 Oct 2000  Alija Izetbegovic (2nd time)       (s.a.)               SDA
14 Oct 2000 - 14 Jun 2001  Zivko Radisic (2nd time)(Serb)     (s.a.)               SPRS
14 Jun 2001 - 14 Feb 2002  Jozo Krizanovic (Croat)            (b. 1944)            SDP
14 Feb 2002 - 28 Oct 2002  Beriz Belkic (Bosniak)             (b. 1946)            SBiH
28 Oct 2002 -  2 Apr 2003  Mirko Sarovic (Serb)               (b. 1956)            SDS
 2 Apr 2003 - 10 Apr 2003  Dragan Covic (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1956)            HDZ
                             (Croat)
10 Apr 2003 - 27 Jun 2003  Borislav Paravac (Serb) (1st time) (b. 1943)            SDS
27 Jun 2003 - 28 Feb 2004  Dragan Covic (2nd time) (Croat)    (s.a.)               HDZ
28 Feb 2004 - 28 Oct 2004  Sulejman Tihic (1st time)(Bosniak) (b. 1951)            SDA
28 Oct 2004 - 28 Jun 2005  Borislav Paravac (2nd time)        (s.a.)               SDS
28 Jun 2005 - 28 Feb 2006  Ivo Miro Jovic (Croat)             (b. 1950)            HDZ
28 Feb 2006 -  6 Nov 2006  Sulejman Tihic (2nd time)          (s.a.)               SDA
 6 Nov 2006 -  6 Jul 2007  Nebojsa Radmanovic (Serb)          (b. 1949)            SNSD
 6 Jul 2007 -  6 Mar 2008  Zeljko Komsic (Croat)              (b. 1964)            SDP
 6 Mar 2008 -              Haris Silajdzic (Bosniak)          (b. 1945)            SBiH

President of the People's Government 
 3 Nov 1918 -  1 Dec 1918  Atanasije Shola                    (b. 1878 - d. 1955)
Prime ministers
20 Dec 1990 -  9 Nov 1992  Jure Pelivan (Croat)               (b. 1928)            HDZ
 9 Nov 1992 - 25 Oct 1993  Mile Akmadzic (Croat)              (b. 1938?)           HDZ 
25 Oct 1993 - 30 Jan 1996  Haris Silajdzic (Bosniak)          (s.a.)               SDA
30 Jan 1996 -  3 Jan 1997  Hasan Muratovic (Bosniak)          (b. 1940)            Non-party
Co-prime ministers
 3 Jan 1997 -  3 Feb 1999  Haris Silajdzic (1st time)         (s.a.)               SBiH
                           + Boro Bosic (Serb)                (b. 1950)            SDS
 3 Feb 1999 -  6 Jun 2000  Haris Silajdzic (2nd time)         (s.a.)               SBiH
                           + Svetozar Mihajlovic (Serb)       (b. 1949)            SPRS
Prime ministers
 6 Jun 2000 - 18 Oct 2000  Spasoje Tusevljak (Serb)           (b. 1952)            Non-party
18 Oct 2000 - 22 Feb 2001  Martin Raguz (Croat)               (b. 1958)            HDZ
22 Feb 2001 - 18 Jul 2001  Bozidar Matic (Croat)              (b. 1937)            SDP
18 Jul 2001 - 15 Mar 2002  Zlatko Lagumdzija (Bosniak)        (b. 1955)            SDP-AP
15 Mar 2002 - 23 Dec 2002  Dragan Mikerevic (Serb)            (b. 1955)            PDP
23 Dec 2002 - 11 Jan 2007  Adnan Terzic (Bosniak)             (b. 1960)            SDA
11 Jan 2007 -              Nikola Spiric (Serb)               (b. 1956)            SNSD  

International High Representatives
14 Dec 1995 - 18 Jun 1997  Carl Bildt (Sweden)                (b. 1949)
18 Jun 1997 - 18 Aug 1999  Carlos Westendorp y Cabeza         (b. 1937)
                             (Spain)
18 Aug 1999 - 27 May 2002  Wolfgang Petritsch (Austria)       (b. 1947)
27 May 2002 - 31 Jan 2006  Jeremy John Durham "Paddy"         (b. 1941)
                             Ashdown, Baron Ashdown 
                             (United Kingdom) 
31 Jan 2006 -  2 Jul 2007  Christian Schwarz-Schilling        (b. 1930)
                             (Germany)
 2 Jul 2007 -              Miroslav Lajcák (Slovakia)         (b. 1963) 

Special Representatives of the Secretary-General and Coordinators
of U.N. Operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNIBH)
 5 Jan 1996 - 31 Jan 1996  Antonio Pedauye y González (interim)
                             (Spain)
 1 Feb 1996 - 11 Feb 1997  Syed Iqbal Riza (Pakistan)         (b. 1934)
11 Feb 1997 - 15 Jan 1998  Kai Aage Eide (Norway)             (b. 1949) 
16 Jan 1998 - 15 Jul 1999  Elisabeth Rehn (f)(Finland)        (b. 1935)
16 Jul 1999 - 31 Dec 2002  Jacques Paul Klein (U.S.)          (b. 1939)
                             (acting to 2 Aug 1999)

UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) Military Commanders
29 Jun 1992 - Sep 1992     Lewis W. Mackenzie (Canada)        (b. 1940)
Sep 1992 -  1 Jul 1993     Philippe Morillon (France)         (b. 1935)
 1 Jul 1993 - 24 Jan 1994  Francis Briquemont (Belgium)
24 Jan 1994 - 23 Jan 1995  Sir Michael Rose (U.K.)            (b. 1940)
23 Jan 1995 - 20 Dec 1995  Rupert Smith (U.K.)                (b. 1943)
International Force (IFOR) Military Commanders
20 Dec 1995 - 31 Jul 1996  Leighton W. Smith, Jr. (U.S.)      (b. 1940)
31 Jul 1996 -  7 Nov 1996  Thomas Joseph Lopez (U.S.)         (b. 1940)
 7 Nov 1996 - 20 Dec 1996  William Wright Crouch (U.S.)       (b. 1941)
Stabilization Force (SFOR) Military Commanders
20 Dec 1996 - 30 Jul 1997  William Croutch (U.S.)             (s.a.)
30 Jul 1997 - 23 Oct 1998  Eric K. Shinseki (U.S.)            (b. 1942)
23 Oct 1998 - 18 Oct 1999  Montgomery C. Meigs (U.S.)         (b. 1945)
18 Oct 1999 -  8 Sep 2000  Ronald Emerson Adams (U.S.)        (b. 1943)
 8 Sep 2000 -  7 Sep 2001  Michael L. Dodson (U.S.)           (b. 1945)
 7 Sep 2001 -  8 Oct 2002  John B. Sylvester (U.S.)
 8 Oct 2002 -  2 Oct 2003  William "Kip" E. Ward (U.S.)       (b. 1949?)
 2 Oct 2003 -  5 Oct 2004  Virgil L. Packett II (U.S.)        (b. 1947)
 5 Oct 2004 -  2 Dec 2004  Steven Paul Schook (U.S.)          (b. 1953)
European Union Peacekeeping Force (EUFOR) Military Commanders
 2 Dec 2004 -  2 Dec 2005  A. David Leakey (U.K.)             (b. 1952)
 6 Dec 2005 -  5 Dec 2006  Gian Marco Chiarini (Italy)        (b. 1952)
 5 Dec 2006 -  4 Dec 2007  Hans-Jochen Witthauer (Germany)    (b. 1950)
 4 Dec 2007 -              Ignacio Martín Villalaín (Spain)   (b. 1947)
 

Austro-Hungarian Joint Ministers of Finance & Ministers for Bosnia and Hercegovina (in Vienna)
16 Sep 1878 - 26 Feb 1879  Common Council of Ministers
                           - Gyula gróf Andrássy de           (b. 1823 - d. 1890)
                              Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka 
                             (minister of the Imperial and Royal House
                              and of Foreign Affairs)
                           - Leopold Freidrich Freiherr       (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
                              von Hofmann (1st time)
                             (minister of finance) 
                           - Arthur Maximilian Adrian Graf    (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
                              Bylandt Freiherr zu Rheydt 
26 Sep 1879 -  8 Apr 1880  Leopold Freidrich Freiherr von     (s.a.)
                             Hofmann (2nd time)
 8 Apr 1880 -  4 Jun 1882  József Szlávy de Erkenéz et        (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
                             Okány
 4 Jun 1882 - 13 Jul 1903  Benjámin Kállay de Nagy-Kálló      (b. 1839 - d. 1903)
14 Jul 1903 - 24 Jul 1903  Agenor Graf Goluchowski von        (b. 1849 - d. 1921)
                             Goluchowo (acting)
24 Jul 1903 - 20 Feb 1912  István báró Burián de Rajec        (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
                             (1st time) 
20 Feb 1912 -  7 Feb 1915  Leo Ritter von Bilinski            (b. 1846 - d. 1923)
 7 Feb 1915 - 28 Oct 1916  Ernst von Koerber                  (b. 1850 - d. 1919)
28 Oct 1916 -  2 Dec 1916  István báró Burián de Rajec        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 2 Dec 1916 - 22 Dec 1916  Konrad Prinz zu Hohenlohe-         (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
                             Schillingfürst
22 Dec 1916 -  7 Sep 1918  István báró (from 9 May 1918 gróf)
                             Burián de Rajec (3rd time)       (s.a.)
 7 Sep 1918 -  4 Nov 1918  Alexander Freiherr Spitzmüller     (b. 1862 - d. 1953)
                             von Harmersbach
 4 Nov 1918 - 10 Nov 1918  László Szalay (acting)             (b. 1858 - d. 1941)

 ¹Following the post-war general elections a three-man collective presidency was formed. Alija Izetbegovic (Bosniak)(s.a.) took over as first holder of the rotating chair. The other two were Momcilo Krajisnik (Serb)(b. 1945) and Kresimir Zubak (Croat)(b. 1947).

 ²From the 1998 general elections the Collective Presidency acquired an eight-month rotating basis. 

Note: From 1991 ethnic groups, which played a preeminent role in politics, are listed in parentheses after the name i.e. Adnan Terzic (Bosniak).

Territorial Disputes: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited most of their boundary, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder ratification of the 1999 border agreement. 

Party abbreviations: AP = Alijansa za Promjene (Alliance for Change); HDZ = Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica Bosniu i Hercegovinu (Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatian nationalist); HDZBiH = Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine (Croat
Democratic Union of Bosnia-Herzegovina); HSP = Hrvatska Stranka Prava (Croatian Party of Rights, Croat nationalist); HSS = Hrvatska Seljacka Stranka (Croatian Peasants Party, Croat agrarian);  NHI = Nova Hrvatska Inicijativa (New Croatian Initiative, moderate); PDP = Partija Demokratskog Progresa (Democratic Progress Party); S = Sloga ("Agreement", moderate-Serb coaltion, SNS, SPRS, SNSD); SBiH = Stranka za Bosniu i Hercegovinu (Party for Bosnia-Hercegivina, social-democratic); SDA = Stranka Demokratski Akcije (Party of Democratic Action, Bosniak, nationalist); SDP = Socijaldemokratska stranka (Social-democratic Party of BiH, multiethnic party); SDS = Srpska demokratska stranka (Serbian Democratic Party);
SNSD = Stranka Nezavisnih Socijaldemokrata (Party of Independent Social Democrats, social-democratic);  SPRS = Socialisticka Partija Republike Srpske (Socialist Party of R.S., social-democratic)

31 May 1994                Croat-Muslim Federation established (officially the 
                             Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina);
                             (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine).

Presidents
31 May 1994 - 18 Mar 1997  Kresimir Zubak (Croat)             (b. 1947)            NHI
18 Mar 1997 - 29 Dec 1997  Vladimir Soljic (Croat)            (b. 1943)            HDZ
29 Dec 1997 -  1 Jan 1999  Ejup Ganic (1st time)(Bosniak)     (b. 1946)            SDA 
 1 Jan 1999 -  1 Jan 2000  Ivo Andric-Luzanski (1st time)     (b. 1956)            HDZ
                             (Croat)
 1 Jan 2000 -  1 Jan 2001  Ejup Ganic (2nd time)              (s.a.)    SDA;May 2000 Non-party
 1 Jan 2001 - 28 Feb 2001  Ivo Andric-Luzanski (2nd time)     (s.a.)               HDZ
28 Feb 2001 -  1 Jan 2002  Karlo Filipovic (Croat)            (b. 1954)            SDP
 1 Jan 2002 - 27 Jan 2003  Safet Halilovic (Bosniak)          (b. 1951)            SBiH 
27 Jan 2003 - 22 Feb 2007  Niko Lozancic (Croat)              (b. 1957)            HDZ
22 Feb 2007 -              Borjana Kristo (f)(Croat)          (b. 1961)            HDZ

Prime ministers
31 May 1994 - 31 Jan 1996  Haris Silajdzic (Bosniak)          (b. 1945)            SDA
31 Jan 1996 - 18 Dec 1996  Izudin Kapetanovic (Bosniak)       (b. 1953)            SDA
18 Dec 1996 - 11 Jan 2001  Edhem Bicakcic (Bosniak)           (b. 1952)            SDA
11 Jan 2001 -  2 Mar 2001  Dragan Covic (acting) (Croat)      (b. 1956)            HDZ
 2 Mar 2001 - 14 Feb 2003  Alija Behmen (Bosniak)             (b. 1940)            SBiH
14 Feb 2003 - 22 Mar 2007  Ahmet Hadzipasic (1st time)        (b. 1952)            SDA
                             (Bosniak)
22 Mar 2007 - 23 Mar 2007  Nedzad Brankovic (1st time)        (b. 1962)            SDA
                             (Bosniak)
23 Mar 2007 - 30 Mar 2007  Ahmet Hadzipasic (2nd time)        (s.a.)               SDA
30 Mar 2007 -              Nedzad Brankovic (2nd time)        (b. 1962)            SDA

Party abbreviations: HDZ = Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica BiH (Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatian-nationalist); NHI = Nova Hrvatska Inicijativa (New Croatian Initiative, moderate); SBiH = Stranka za BiH (Party for Bosnia-Hercegovina, social democratic); SDA = Stranka Demokratski Akcije (Party of Democratic Action, Bosnian muslim, nationalist); SDP = Socijaldemokratska stranka (Social-democratic Party of BiH, multiethnic party)

21 Dec 1991                Establishment of Serb autonomous provinces within Bosnia
                             (not recognized by Bosnia-Hercegovnia).
 9 Jan 1992                Self-declared Republika Srpska Bosna i Hercegovina (Republic of 
                             Serbian Bosnia and Herzegovina), secession from 
                             Bosnia-Hercegovina, but within Yugoslavia (not recognized).
 7 Apr 1992                Independence declared (Republika Srpska Bosna i Hercegovina)
                             (recognized only by Serbia).
12 Aug 1992                Republika Srpska (Serb Republic)

Speaker of the People's Assembly
21 Dec 1991 -  7 Apr 1992  Momcilo Krajisnik                  (b. 1945)            SDS
Presidents of the Presidency
28 Feb 1992 -  7 Apr 1992  Biljana Plavsic (f)                (b. 1930)            SDS
                           + Nikola Koljevic                  (b. 1936 - d. 1997)  SDS
Presidents
 7 Apr 1992 - 19 Jul 1996  Radovan Karadzic                   (b. 1945)            SDS 
                            (to 18 Dec 1992 president of the presidency)
19 Jul 1996 -  4 Nov 1998  Biljana Plavsic (f)"the Iron Lady" (s.a.)            SDS;1997 SNSRS
 4 Nov 1998 -  5 Mar 1999  Nikola Poplasen                    (b. 1951)            SRS
                            (removal by international High Representative, 
                             not accepted by Poplasen, enforced 2 Sep 1999)
26 Jan 2000 -  2 Feb 2000  Mirko Sarovic (1st time)           (b. 1956)            SDS
                            (not recognized by High Representative)
16 Dec 2000 - 28 Nov 2002  Mirko Sarovic (2nd time)           (s.a.)               SDS
28 Nov 2002 -  9 Nov 2006  Dragan Cavic                       (b. 1958)            SDS 
 9 Nov 2006 - 30 Sep 2007  Milan Jelic                        (b. 1956 - d. 2007)  SNSD
 1 Oct 2007 - 28 Dec 2007  Igor Radojicic (interim)           (b. 1966)            SNSD
28 Dec 2007 -              Rajko Kuzmanovic                   (b. 1931)            SNSD

President of the Ministerial Council
21 Dec 1991 - 22 Apr 1992  Miodrag Simovic                    (b. 1952)            SDS
Prime ministers
22 Apr 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Branko Djeric                      (b. 1948)            SDS
20 Jan 1993 - 18 Aug 1994  Vladimir Lukic                     (b. 1933)            SDS 
18 Aug 1994 - 16 Oct 1995  Dusan Kozic                        (b. 1958)            SDS
16 Oct 1995 - 18 May 1996  Rajko Kasagic                      (b. 1942)            SDS
18 May 1996 - 31 Jan 1998  Gojko Klickovic                    (b. 1955)            SDS
31 Jan 1998 - 16 Jan 2001  Milorad Dodik (1st time)           (b. 1959)            SNSD
16 Jan 2001 - 17 Jan 2003  Mladen Ivanic                      (b. 1958)            PDP 
17 Jan 2003 - 17 Feb 2005  Dragan Mikerevic                   (b. 1955)            PDP
17 Feb 2005 - 28 Feb 2006  Pero Bukejlovic                    (b. 1946)            SDS 
28 Feb 2006 -              Milorad Dodik (2nd time)           (s.a.)               SNSD

Party abbreviations: PDP = Partija Demokratskog Progresa (Democratic Progress Party);
SDS = Srpska Demokratska Stranka (Serbian Democratic Party, Serb nationalist); SDS-SZ = Srpska Demokratska Stranka-Srpskih Zemalja (Serb Democratic Party-Serb Country, Serb-nationalist); SNSD = Stranka Nezavisnih Socijaldemokrata (Party of Independent Social Democrats, social-democratic); SNSRS = Srpski Narodni Savez Republike Srpske (Serbian People's Union of R.S., B. Plavšic personalist, moderate); SPRS = Socialisticka Partija Republike Srpske (Socialist Party of R.S., social-democratic); SRS = Srpska Radikalna Stranka Republike Srpske (Serb Radical Party of R.S., xenophobic Serb-nationalist)

16 Sep 1991                Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Bosanska Krajina
                             (in Banja Luka) declared.
23 Oct 1992                Incorporated into Republika Srpksa.

Presidents
1991 - Sep 1992            Vojo Kupresanin                                         SDS
1992 - 23 Oct 1992         Vinko Stupar                                            SDS?

Prime Minister
1991 - 1992                Andjelko Grahovac                                       SDS

Party abbreviation: SDS = Srpska Demokratska Stranka (Serbian Democratic Party, Serb nationalist)

14 Feb 1997                International arbitration panel decides to put Brcko area
                             under international supervision.
 8 Mar 2000                District of Brcko created, outside both Republika Srpska 
                             and Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina; but part 
                             of Bosnia-Hercegovina (The Brcko District of 
                             Bosnia and Herzegovina).

International Supervisors
 7 Mar 1997 -  2 Jun 2000  Robert William Farrand (U.S.)      (b. 1934)
 2 Jun 2000 - 14 Mar 2001  Gary L. Matthews (U.S.)            (b. 1938)
14 Mar 2001 - 20 Apr 2001  Gerhard Sontheim (Germany)(acting)
                             (1st time) 
20 Apr 2001 -  1 Oct 2003  Henry Lee Clarke (U.S.)            (b. 1941)
 1 Oct 2003 - 16 Jan 2004  Gerhard Sontheim (Germany)(acting)
                             (2nd time) 
16 Jan 2004 -  1 Oct 2006  Susan Rockwell Johnson (f) (U.S.)  (b. 1951?)
 1 Oct 2006 -              Raffi Gregorian (U.S.)             (b. 1964)

Mayors
Mar 1994 - 13 Nov 1997     Miodrag Pajic (Serb)               (b. 1950)            SDS
13 Nov 1997 - 15 Apr 1999  Borko Reljic (Serb)                (b. 1952)            SDS-SZ
15 Apr 1999 - 12 Nov 2003  Sinisa Kisic (Serb)                (b. 1954)            SPRS
12 Nov 2003 -  3 Dec 2003  Ivan Krndelj (acting)(Croat)       (b. 1959)            NHI
 3 Dec 2003 -  8 Dec 2004  Branko Damjanac (Serb)             (b. 1947)            SPRS
 8 Dec 2004 -              Mirsad Djapo (Bosniak)             (b. 1953)            SDP

Party abbreviations: NHI = Nova Hrvatska Inicijativa (New Croatian Initiative, moderate);
SDP = Socijaldemokratska stranka (Social-democratic Party of BiH, multiethnic party); 
SDS = Srpska demokratska stranka (Serbian Democratic Party, Serb nationalist); SDS-SZ = Srpska Demokratska Stranka-Srpskih Zemalja (Serb Democratic Party-Serb Country, Serb-nationalist); SPRS = Socialisticka Partija Republike Srpske (Socialist Party of R.S., social-democratic)

18 Nov 1991                Establishment of Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna 
                             (Hrvatska Zajednica Herceg-Bosna).
28 Aug 1993                Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna (Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna)
31 May 1994                Herceg-Bosna joined to the Federation of Bosnia-Hercegovina.
17 Dec 1996                State formally disbanded.

Presidents
18 Nov 1991 - Feb 1994     Mate Boban                         (b. 1939 - d. 1997)  HDZ
Feb 1994 - 17 Dec 1996     Kresimir Zubak                     (b. 1947)            HDZ
Jun 1994 - Dec 1996        Ivan Bender (acting for Zubak)     (b. 1947)            HDZ

Prime ministers
14 Aug 1992 - Jun 1996     Jadranko Prlic                     (b. 1959)            HDZ
16 Jun 1996 - 1996         Pero Markovic                                           HDZ

Party abbreviation: HDZ = Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica BiH (Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croat nationalist)