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Holy Roman Catholic Church
 
[Papal Flag to 1803]
                       to 1803
[Papal State 1803-1825]
              1803 - 17 Sep 1825
[Papal State Flag 1825]
       Adopted 17 Sep 1825

c.60                       Church of Rome founded by the Apostle Peter (St. Peter).
19 Jun 325 - 25 Aug 325    First Council of Nicaea.
May 381                    First Council of Constantinople.
22 Jun 431 - 31 Jul 431    Council of Ephesus.
 8 Oct 451 -  1 Nov 451    Council of Chalcedon.
 5 May 553 -  2 Jun 553    Second Council of Constantinople. 
 7 Nov 680 - 16 Sep 681    Third Council of Constantinople.
754                        Donation of Pepin creates temporal Papal State for the Popes.
24 Sep 787 - 23 Oct 787    Second Council of Nicaea. 
 5 Oct 869 - 870           Fourth Council of Constantinople.
16 Jul 1054                The "Great Schism" between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western
                             (Catholic) Churches.
Mar 1123                   First Lateran Council.
Apr 1139                   Second Lateran Council.
Mar 1179                   Third Lateran Council.
11 Nov 1215 - 30 Nov 1215  Fourth Lateran Council.
28 Jun 1245 - Jul 1245     First Council of Lyons.
 7 May 1274 - 17 Jul 1274  Second Council of Lyons.
 9 Mar 1309 - 13 Jan 1377  Popes rule from Avignon, France (often referred to as
                             the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Church).
16 Oct 1311 -  6 May 1313  Council of Vienne in France.
30 Sep 1378 - 11 Nov 1417  The Great Schism in the Western Church.
 5 Nov 1414 - 22 Apr 1418  Council of Constance.
23 Jul 1431 - 25 Apr 1449  Council of Basle-Ferrara-Florence.
 3 May 1512 - 16 Mar 1517  Fifth Lateran Council.
13 Dec 1545 -  4 Dec 1563  Council of Trent.
10 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1814  Papal State annexed to France.
 8 Dec 1869 - 20 Oct 1870  First Vatican Council.
19 Oct 1870                Incorporation of Rome and the Patrimony of St. Peter
                             into Kingdom of Italy.
19 Oct 1870 -  7 Jun 1929  Pope's rule as "Prisoners in the Vatican" in seclusion in 
                             the Vatican Palace.
 7 Jun 1929                Independence of Vatican City State from Italy.
11 Oct 1962 -  8 Dec 1965  Second Vatican Council.
 

Popes¹ (real names below in parenthesis)
c.60 - 29 Jun 67           St. Peter the Apostle              (d. 67)
67 - 23 Sep 76             St. Linus                          (d. 76)
76 - 88                    St. Anacletus (Cletus)             (d. 88)
88 - 97                    St. Clement I "Romanus"            (d. 97)
97 - 105                   St. Evaristus                      (d. 105)
105 - 115                  St. Alexander I                    (d. 115)
115 - 125                  St. Sixtus I (Xystus)              (d. 125)
125 - 136                  St. Telesphorus                    (d. 136)
136 - 140                  St. Hyginus                        (d. 140)
140 - 155                  St. Pius I                         (d. 155)
155 - 166                  St. Anicetus                       (d. 166)
166 - 175                  St. Soterus                        (d. 175)
175 - 189                  St. Eleutherius                    (d. 189)
189 - 199                  St. Victor I                       (d. 199)
199 - 217                  St. Zephyrinus                     (d. 217)
217 - 222                  St. Calixtus I                     (d. 222)
217 - 235                  St. Hippolytus (anti-pope)         (d. c.236)
222 - 230                  St. Urban I                        (d. 230)
28 Aug 230 - 28 Sep 235    St. Pontianus                      (d. 235)
21 Dec 235 -  3 Jan 236    St. Anterus                        (d. 236)
10 Jan 236 - 20 Jan 250    St. Fabian                         (d. 250)
Mar 251 - Jun 253          St. Cornelius                      (d. 253)
251 - 258                  Novitian (anti-pope) 
25 Jun 253 -  3 May 254    St. Lucius I                       (d. 254)
12 May 254 -  2 Aug 257    St. Stephen I                      (d. 257)
30 Aug 257 -  6 Aug 258    St. Sixtus II                      (d. 258)
22 Jul 259 - 26 Dec 268    St. Dionysius                      (d. 268)
 1 Jan 269 - 30 Dec 274    St. Felix I                        (d. 274)
 4 Jan 275 -  7 Dec 283    St. Eutychianus 
17 Dec 283 - 22 Apr 296    St. Gaius (Caius)
30 Jun 296 - 25 Oct 304    St. Marcellinus                    (d. 304)
25 Oct 304 - 27 May 308    interregnum
27 May 308 - 16 Jan 309    St. Marcellus I
16 Jan 309 - 18 Apr 311    interregnum
18 Apr 309 - 17 Aug 309    St. Eusebius
 2 Jul 311 - 11 Jan 314    St. Miltiades (Melchiades)         (d. 314)
31 Jan 314 - 31 Dec 335    St. Sylvester I                    (d. 335)
18 Jan 336 -  7 Oct 336    St. Marcus (Mark)                  (d. 336)
 6 Feb 337 - 12 Apr 352    Julius I                           (d. 352)
17 May 352 - 22 Sep 366    Liberius
355 - 358                  Felix II (anti-pope)               (d. 365)
 1 Oct 366 - 11 Dec 384    St. Damasus I                      (b. c.304 - d. 384)
366 - 367                  Ursinus (anti-pope)                (d. 385)
15 Dec 384 - 26 Nov 399    St. Siricius                       (d. 399)
27 Nov 399 - 19 Dec 404    St. Anastasius I                   (d. 404)
22 Dec 401 - 12 Mar 417    St. Innocent I                     (d. 417)
18 Mar 417 - 26 Dec 418    St. Zosimus                        (d. 418)
27 Dec 418 -  3 Apr 419    Eulalius (anti-pope)               (d. 423)
29 Dec 418 -  4 Sep 422    St. Boniface I                     (d. 422)
10 Sep 422 - 27 Jul 432    St. Celestine I                    (d. 432)
31 Jul 432 - 19 Aug 440    St. Sixtus III                     (d. 440)
29 Sep 440 - 10 Nov 461    St. Leo I "the Great"              (b. c.390 - d. 461)
19 Nov 461 - 29 Feb 468    St. Hilarius (Hillary)             (d. 468)
 3 Mar 468 - 10 Mar 483    St. Simplicius                     (d. 483)
13 Mar 483 -  1 Mar 492    St. Felix III (II)                 (d. 492)
 1 Mar 492 - 21 Nov 496    St. Gelasius I                     (d. 496)
24 Nov 496 - 19 Nov 498    Anastasius II                      (d. 498)
22 Nov 498 - 19 Jul 514    St. Symmachus                      (d. 514)
22 Nov 498 - 499           Laurentius (anti-pope)
20 Jul 514 -  6 Aug 523    St. Hormisadas (Frosinone)         (d. 523)
13 Aug 523 - 18 May 526    St. John I                         (d. 526)
12 Jul 526 - 22 Sep 530    St. Felix IV (III)                 (d. 530)
22 Sep 530 - 17 Oct 532    Boniface II                        (d. 532)
22 Sep 530 - 14 Oct 530    Dioscorus (anti-pope)              (d. 530)
 2 Jan 533 -  8 May 535    John II                            (d. 535)
13 May 535 - 22 Apr 536    St. Agapetus I (Agapitus)          (d. 536)
 8 Jun 536 - 11 Mar 537    St. Silverius 
29 Mar 537 -  7 Jun 555    Vigilius                           (d. 555)
16 Apr 556 -  4 Mar 561    Pelagius I (Catelinus)             (d. 574)
16 Mar 561 - 13 Jul 574    John III                           (d. 561)
 2 Jun 575 - 30 Jul 579    Benedict I                         (d. 579)
26 Nov 579 -  7 Feb 590    Pelagius II                        (d. 590)
 3 Sep 590 - 13 Mar 604    St. Gregory I "the Great"          (b. c.540 - d. 604)
13 Sep 604 - 22 Feb 606    Sabinian                           (d. 606)
19 Feb 607 - 12 Nov 607    Boniface III                       (d. 607)
25 Aug 608 -  8 May 615    St. Boniface IV                    (d. 615)
19 Oct 615 -  8 Nov 618    St. Adeodatus I (Deusdeit)         (d. 618)
23 Dec 619 - 25 Oct 625    Boniface V                         (d. 625)
27 Oct 625 - 12 Oct 638    Honorius I 
28 May 640 -  2 Aug 640    Severinus                          (d. 640)
24 Dec 640 - 12 Oct 642    John IV                            (d. 642)
24 Nov 642 - 14 May 649    Theodore I                         (d. 649)
21 Jul 649 - 18 Jun 653    St. Martin I                       (d. 655)
10 Aug 654 -  2 Jun 657    St. Eugenius I                     (d. 657)
30 Jul 657 - 27 Jan 672    St. Vitalian                       (d. 672)
11 Apr 672 - 17 Jun 676    Adeodatus II (Deusdeit)
 2 Nov 676 - 11 Apr 678    Donus                              (d. 678)
27 Jun 678 - 10 Jan 681    St. Agatho                         (d. 681)
17 Aug 682 -  3 Jul 683    St. Leo II                         (d. 683)
26 Jun 684 -  8 May 685    St. Benedict II                    (d. 685)
23 Jun 685 -  2 Aug 686    John V                             (d. 686)
21 Oct 686 - 21 Sep 687    St. Conon                          (d. 687)
687                        Paschal (anti-pope)
687                        Theodorus (anti-pope)
15 Dec 687 -  8 Sep 701    St. Sergius I                      (d. 701)
30 Oct 701 - 11 Jan 705    John VI                            (d. 705)
 1 Mar 705 - 18 Oct 707    John VII                           (d. 707)
15 Jan 708 -  4 Feb 708    Sisinius                           (d. 708)
25 Mar 708 -  9 Apr 715    Constantine                        (d. 715)
19 May 715 - 11 Feb 731    St. Gregory II                     (d. 731)
18 Mar 731 - 10 Dec 741    St. Gregory III                    (d. 741)
10 Dec 741 - 22 Mar 752    St. Zachary                        (d. 752)
23 Mar 725 - 25 Mar 752    Stephen II (not consecrated)       (d. 752)
26 Mar 752 - 26 Apr 757    Stephen II (III)                   (d. 757)
29 May 757 - 28 Jun 767    Paul I                             (d. 767)
 5 Jul 767 - 768           Constantine II (anti-pope)
768                        Philip (anti-pope)
 7 Aug 768 -  3 Feb 772    Stephen III (IV)                   (d. 772)
 9 Feb 772 - 26 Dec 795    Adrian I (Hadrian)                 (d. 795)
27 Dec 795 - 12 Jun 816    St. Leo III                        (b. c.750 - d. 816)
22 Jun 816 - 14 Jan 817    St. Stephen IV (V)                 (d. 817)
25 Jan 817 - 11 Feb 824    St. Paschal I                      (d. 824)
21 Feb 824 - 27 Aug 827    Eugenius II                        (d. 827)
Aug 827 - Oct 827          Valentine                          (d. 827)
Oct 827 - 25 Jan 844       Gregory IV                         (d. 844)
Jan 844 - 27 Jan 847       Sergius II                         (d. 847)
844                        John (anti-pope)
10 Apr 847 - 17 Jul 855    St. Leo IV                         (d. 855)
 6 Oct 855 - 17 Apr 858    Benedict III                       (d. 858)
29 Sep 855 -  2 Oct 855    Anastasius Bibliothecarius         (b. c.810 - d. 879)
                             (anti-pope) 
24 Apr 858 - 13 Nov 867    St. Nicholas I "the Great"         (b. c.820 - d. 867)
14 Dec 867 - 14 Dec 872    Adrian II (Hadrian)                (d. 872)
14 Dec 872 - 16 Dec 882    John VIII                          (d. 882)
16 Dec 882 - 15 May 884    Marinus I                          (d. 884)
17 May 884 - 17 Sep 885    St. Adrian III (Hadrian)           (d. 885)
Sep 885 - Sep 891          Stephen V (VI)                     (d. 891)
 6 Oct 891 -  4 Apr 896    Formosus                           (b c.816 - d. 896)
Apr 896                    Boniface VI                        (d. 896)
May 896 - Aug 897          Stephen VI (VII)                   (d. 897)
Aug 897 - Nov 897          Romanus                            (d. 897)
Dec 897                    Theodore II                        (d. 897)
Jan 898 - Jan 900          John IX                            (d. 900)
Jan 900 - Aug 903          Benedict IV                        (d. 903)
Aug 903                    Leo V                              (d. 903/4)
Aug 903 - Jan 904          Christophorus (anti-pope)          (d. 904/5)
29 Jan 904 - 14 Apr 911    Sergius III                        (d. 911)
Sep 911 - Nov 913          Anastasius III                     (d. 913)
Jul 913 - Feb 914          Lando                              (d. 914)
Mar 914 - May 928          John X                             (d. 928)
May 928 - Dec 928          Leo VI                             (d. 929)
Dec 928 - Feb/Mar 931      Stephen VII (VIII)                 (d. 931)
Mar 931 - Dec 935          John XI                            (d. 935)
 3 Jan 936 - 13 Jul 939    Leo VII                            (d. 939)
14 Jul 939 - Oct 942       Stephen VIII (IX)                  (d. 942)
30 Oct 942 - 12 May 946    Marinus II                         (d. 946)
10 May 946 - Dec 955       Agapetus II (Agapitus)             (d. 956)
16 Dec 955 -  4 Nov 963    John XII                           (d. 963)
                           (Ottaviano dei conti di Tuscolo) 
 4 Nov 963 - 22 May 964    Leo VIII                           (d. 965)
22 May 964 - 23 Jun 964    Benedict V                         (d. 965)
 1 Oct 965 -  5 Sep 972    John XIII                          (d. 972)
19 Jan 973 -  Jun 974      Benedict VI                        (d. 974)
Jun 974 - Jul 974          Boniface VII (1st time)(anti-pope) (d. 985)
Oct 974 - 10 Jul 983       Benedict VII                       (d. c.983)
10 Dec 983 - 20 Aug 984    John XIV                           (d. 984)
Aug 984 - Jul 985          Boniface VII (2nd time)(anti-pope) (s.a.)
Aug 985 - Mar 996          John XV (XVI)                      (d. 996)
 3 May 996 - 18 Feb 999    Gregory V                          (b. c.970 - d. 999)
                           (Bruno, duke of Carinthia)
                           (temporarily deposed in 996)
Mar 997 - Feb 998          John XVI (XVII)(anti-pope)         (d. 1013)
 2 Apr 999 - 21 May 1003   Sylvester II                       (b. c.940 - d. 1003)
                           (Gerbert d'Aurillac)
13 Jun 1003 -  6 Nov 1003  John XVII                          (d. 1003)
                           (Sicco)
Jan 1004 - Jun 1009        John XVIII (XIX)                   (d. 1009)
                           (Phasianus)
31 Jul 1009 - 12 May 1012  Sergius IV                         (d. 1012)
                           (Pietro Bucca Porci)
18 May 1012 -  9 Apr 1024  Benedict VIII                      (d. 1024)
                           (Teofilatto dei conti di Tuscolo)
1012                       Gregory (anti-pope)
Apr 1024 - 1032            John XIX (XX)                      (d. 1032)
                           (Romano dei conti di Tuscolo)
1032 - 1044                Benedict IX  (1st time) 
                           (Teofilatto dei conti di Tuscolo)
20 Jan 1044 - 10 Feb 1044  Sylvester III (anti-pope)
                           (Giovanni)
10 Feb 1044 -  1 May 1045  Benedict IX  (2nd time) 
                           (Teofilatto dei conti di Tuscolo)
 5 May 1045 - 20 Dec 1046  Gregory VI                         (d. 1048)
                           (Giovanni Graziano)
25 Dec 1046 -  9 Oct 1047  Clement II                         (d. 1047)
                           (Suitgero, lord of Morsleben and Hornburg)
 8 Nov 1047 - 17 Jul 1048  Benedict IX  (3rd time) 
                           (Teofilatto dei conti di Tuscolo) 
17 Jul 1048 -  9 Aug 1048  Damasus II                         (d. 1048)
                           (Poppo)
12 Feb 1049 - 19 Apr 1054  St. Leo IX                         (b. 1002 - d. 1054)
                           (Bruno, count of Egisheim-Dagsburg)
16 Apr 1055 - 28 Jul 1057  Victor II                          (b. 1018 - d. 1057)
                           (Gebhard, count of Claw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg)
 3 Aug 1057 - 29 Mar 1058  Stephen IX (X)                     (b. c.1000 - d. 1058)
                           (Federick, duke of Lorraine)
 5 Apr 1058 - 24 Jan 1059  Benedict X (anti-pope)             (d. 1080)
                           (John of Tusculum)
24 Jan 1059 - 27 Jul 1061  Nicholas II                        (d. 1061)
                           (Gerard of Burgundy)
30 Sep 1061 - 21 Apr 1073  Alexander II                       (d. 1073)
                           (Anselmo da Baggio) 
28 Oct 1061 - 1064         Honorius II (anti-pope)            (d. 1072)
                           (Peter Cadalus)
22 Apr 1073 - 25 May 1085  St. Gregory VII                    (b. c.1020 - d. 1085)
                           (Hildebrand)
25 Jun 1080 -  8 Sep 1100  Clement III (anti-pope)            (d. 1100)
                           (Guiberto di Ravenna)
24 May 1086 - 16 Sep 1087  Victor III                         (b. c.1025 - d. 1087) 
                           (Dauferio or Daufar)
12 Mar 1088 - 29 Jul 1099  Urban II                           (b. 1042 - d. 1099)
                           (Odo of Lagery)
14 Aug 1099 - 21 Jan 1118  Paschal II                         (d. 1118)
                           (Raniero da Bieda)
1100                       Theodoric (anti-pope)
1102                       Albertus (anti-pope)
                           (Aleric)
1105 - 1111                Sylvester IV (anti-pope)
                           (Maginulf)
24 Jan 1118 - 29 Jan 1119  Gelasius II                        (d. 1119)
                           (Giovanni Caetani)
 8 Mar 1118 - 1121         Gregory VIII (anti-pope)           (d. 1137)
                           (Mauritius Burdinus)
 2 Feb 1119 - 13 Dec 1124  Calixtus II                        (d. 1124)
                           (Guido di Borgogna)
15 Dec 1124 - 13 Feb 1130  Honorius II                        (d. 1130)
                           (Lamberto Scannabecchi)
1124                       Celestine II (anti-pope)
                           (T. Buccapecorini)
14 Feb 1130 - 24 Sep 1143  Innocent II                       (d. 1143)
                           (Gregorio Papareschi)
14 Feb 1130 - 25 Jan 1138  Anacletus II (anti-pope)           (d. 1138)
                           (Pietro Pierleone)
15 Mar 1138 - 29 May 1138  Victor IV  (anti-pope)
                           (Gregorio Conti)
26 Sep 1143 -  8 Mar 1144  Celestine II                       (d. 1144)
                           (Guido del Castello, de Castellis)
12 Mar 1144 - 15 Feb 1145  Lucius II                          (d. 1145)
                           (Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso)
15 Feb 1145 -  8 Jul 1153  Eugenius III                       (d. 1153)
                           (Bernardo forse dei Paganelli di Montermagno)
12 Jul 1153 -  3 Dec 1154  Anastasius IV                      (d. 1154)
                           (Corrado di Suburra)
 4 Dec 1154 -  1 Sep 1159  Adrian IV (Hadrain)                (b. c.1100 - d. 1159)
                           (Nicholas Brekespear)
 7 Sep 1159 - 30 Aug 1181  Alexander III                      (b. c.1105 - d. 1181)
                           (Orlando Bandinelli)
 7 Sep 1159 - 20 Apr 1164  Victor IV (anti-pope)              (d. 1164)
                           (Octavian di Monticelli)
26 Apr 1164 - 26 Sep 1168  Paschal III (anti-pope)            (d. 1168)
                           (Guido di Prima)
20 Sep 1168 - 29 Aug 1178  Calixtus III (anti-pope)
                           (John of Struma)
29 Sep 1179 - 1180         Innocent III (anti-pope)
                           (Lando di Sezza)
 1 Sep 1181 - 25 Nov 1185  Lucius III                         (d. 1185)
                           (Ubaldo Alluncingoli)
25 Nov 1185 - 20 Oct 1187  Urban III                          (d. 1187)
                           (Uberto Crivelli)
21 Oct 1187 - 17 Dec 1187  Gregory VIII                       (d. 1187)
                           (Alberto de Morra)
19 Dec 1187 - Mar 1191     Clement III                        (d. 1191)
                           (Paolo Scolari)
30 Mar 1191 -  8 Jan 1198  Celestine III
                           (Giacinto Bobone Orsini)
 8 Jan 1198 - 16 Jul 1216  Innocent III                       (b. 1160 - d. 1216)
                           (Lotario dei conti dei Segni)
18 Jul 1216 - 18 Mar 1227  Honorius III                       (d. 1227)
                           (Cencio Savelli)
19 Mar 1227 - 22 Aug 1241  Gregory IX                         (b. c.1145 - d. 1241)
                           (Ugolino dei conti di Segni)
15 Oct 1241 - 10 Nov 1241  Celestine IV                       (d. 1241)
                           (Goffredo Castiglioni)
25 Jun 1243 -  7 Dec 1254  Innocent IV                        (d. 1254)
                           (Sinobaldo Fieschi)
12 Dec 1254 - 25 May 1261  Alexander IV                       (d. 1261)
                           (Rinaldo Conti dei Signori di Ienne)
29 Aug 1261 -  2 Oct 1264  Urban IV                           (b. c.1190 - d. 1264)
                           (Jacques Pantaléon)
 5 Feb 1265 - 29 Nov 1268  Clement IV                         (d. 1268)
                           (Guido Foulques)
 1 Sep 1271 - 10 Jan 1276  Gregory X                          (b. 1210 - d. 1276)
                           (Tedaldo Visconti)
21 Jan 1276 - 22 Jun 1276  Innocent V                         (b c.1225 - d. 1276)
                           (Peter of Tarentaise)
11 Jul 1276 - 18 Aug 1276  Adrian V (Hadrian)                 (d. 1276)
                           (Ottobono Fieschi)
 8 Sep 1276 - 10 May 1277  John XXI                           (b. c.1210 - d. 1277)
                           (Peter Juliani) 
                           (there is no John XX)
25 Sep 1277 - 22 Aug 1280  Nicholas III                       (b. c.1216 - d. 1280)
                           (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini)
22 Feb 1281 - 28 Mar 1285  Martin IV                          (d. 1285)
                           (Simon of Brie)
                           (no Pope is called Martin II or Martin III, due 
                            to confusion of the names Marinus and Martinus)
 2 Apr 1285 -  3 Apr 1287  Honorius IV                        (b. c.1210 - d. 1287)
                           (Giacomo Savelli)
15 Feb 1288 -  4 Apr 1292  Nicholas IV                        (d. 1292)
                           (Girolamo Masci)
 5 Jul 1294 - 13 Dec 1294  St. Celestine V                    (b. 1215 - d. 1296)
                           (Pietro di Morrone)
24 Dec 1294 - 11 Oct 1303  Boniface VIII                      (b. c.1235 - d. 1303)
                           (Benedetto Caetani)
22 Oct 1303 -  7 Jul 1304  Benedict XI                        (b. 1240 - d. 1304)
                           (Niccolò Boccasini)
 5 Jun 1305 - 14 Apr 1314  Clement V                          (b. 1264 - d. 1314)
                           (Raymond Bertrand de Got)
14 Apr 1314 -  7 Aug 1316  interregnum
 7 Aug 1316 -  4 Dec 1334  John XXII                          (b. 1249 - d. 1334)
                           (Jacques d'Euse)
12 May 1328 - 25 Aug 1330  Nicholas V  (anti-pope)            (d. 1333)
                           (Pietro Rainallucci)
20 Dec 1334 - 25 Apr 1342  Benedict XII                       (d. 1342)
                           (Jacques Fournier)
 7 May 1342 -  6 Dec 1352  Clement VI                         (b. 1291 - d. 1352)
                           (Pierre Roger)
18 Dec 1352 - 12 Sep 1362  Innocent VI                        (d. 1362)
                           (Etienne Aubert)
16 Oct 1362 - 19 May 1370  Urban V                            (b. 1310 - d. 1370)
                           (Guillaume de Grimond)
30 Dec 1370 - 27 Mar 1378  Gregory XI                         (b. 1331 - d. 1378)
                           (Pierre de Beaufort)
 9 Apr 1378 - 15 Oct 1389  Urban VI                           (b. c.1318 - d. 1398)
                           (Bartolomeo Prignano)
20 Sep 1378 - 16 Sep 1394  Clement VII (anti-pope)            (b. 1342 - d. 1394)
                           (Robert of Geneva)
 2 Nov 1389 -  1 Oct 1404  Boniface IX                        (d. 1404)
                           (Pietro Tomacelli)
28 Sep 1394 - 26 Jul 1417  Benedict XIII (anti-pope)
                           (Pedro de Luna)
17 Oct 1404 -  6 Nov 1406  Innocent VII                       (b. c.1336 - d. 1406)
                           (Cosimo de Miglioarti)
30 Nov 1406 - 18 Oct 1417  Gregory XII                        (b. c.1327 - d. 1417)
                           (Angelo Correr)
26 Jun 1409 -  3 May 1410  Alexander V (anti-pope)
                           (Petros Philargos)
17 May 1410 - 29 May 1415  John XXIII (anti-pope)             (d. 1419)
                           (Baldassare Cossa)
 4 Jun 1415 - 11 Nov 1417  interregnum
                           (no election considered valid due to the Great Schism) 
11 Nov 1417 - 20 Feb 1431  Martin V                           (b.  1368 - d. 1431)
                           (Oddone Colonna) 
1423 - 1429                Clement VIII (anti-pope)           (d. 1446)
1425 - 1430                Benedict XIV (anti-pope)           (d. 1433)
 3 Mar 1431 - 23 Feb 1447  Eugenius IV                        (b. 1388 - d. 1447)
                           (Gabriele Condulmer)
 5 Nov 1439 -  7 Apr 1449  Felix V (anti-pope)                (b. 1383 - d. 1451)
                           (Amadeus of Savoy)
 6 Mar 1447 - 24 Mar 1455  Nicholas V                         (b. 1397 - d. 1455)
                           (Tommaso Parentucelli)
 8 Aug 1455 -  6 Aug 1458  Calixtus III                       (b. 1378 - d. 1458)
                           (Alfonso de Borgia)
19 Aug 1458 - 15 Aug 1464  Pius II                            (b. 1405 - d. 1464)
                           (Enea Silvio Piccolomini)
30 Aug 1464 - 26 Jul 1471  Paul II                            (b. 1417 - d. 1471)
                           (Pietro Barbo)
 9 Aug 1471 - 12 Aug 1484  Sixtus IV                          (b. 1414 - d. 1484)
                           (Francesco della Rovere)
29 Aug 1484 - 25 Jul 1492  Innocent VIII                      (b. 1432 - d. 1492)
                           (Giovanni Battista Cibo)
11 Sep 1492 - 18 Aug 1503  Alexander VI                       (b. 1431 - d. 1503) 
                           (Rodrigo Borgia)
                           (took the name Alexander VI, since Alexander V
                            had been used by an anti-pope 1409-1410)
22 Sep 1503 - 18 Oct 1503  Pius III                           (b. 1439 - d. 1503)
                           (Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini)
31 Oct 1503 - 21 Feb 1513  Julius II                          (b. 1447 - d. 1513)
                           (Giuliano della Rovere)
 9 Mar 1513 -  1 Dec 1521  Leo X                              (b. 1475 - d. 1521)
                           (Giovanni de' Medici)
 9 Jun 1522 - 14 Sep 1523  Adrian VI (Hadrian)                (b. 1459 - d. 1523)
                           (Adrian Florisze Boeyens)
19 Nov 1523 - 25 Sep 1534  Clement VII                        (b. 1478 - d. 1534)
                           (Giulio de' Medici)
13 Oct 1534 - 10 Nov 1549  Paul III                           (b. 1468 - d. 1549)
                           (Alessandro Farnese)
 7 Feb 1550 - 23 Mar 1555  Julius III                         (b. 1487 - d. 1555)
                           (Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte)
 9 Apr 1555 - 23 Mar 1555  Marcellus II                       (b. 1501 - d. 1555)
                           (Marcello Cervini)
23 Mar 1555 - 18 Aug 1559  Paul IV                            (b. 1476 - d. 1559)
                           (Gian Pietro Carafa)
25 Dec 1559 -  9 Dec 1565  Pius IV                            (b. 1499 - d. 1565)
                           (Giovanni Angelo de' Medici)
 7 Jan 1566 -  1 May 1572  St. Pius V                         (b. 1504 - d. 1572)
                           (Antonio Michele Ghislieri)
13 May 1572 - 10 Apr 1585  Gregory XIII                       (b. 1502 - d. 1585)
                           (Ugo Boncompagni)
24 Apr 1585 - 27 May 1590  Sixtus V                           (b. 1521 - d. 1590)
                           (Felice Peretti)
15 Sep 1590 - 27 Sep 1590  Urban VII                          (b. 1521 - d. 1590)
                           (Giambattista Castagna)
 5 Dec 1590 - 15 Oct 1591  Gregory XIV                        (b. 1535 - d. 1591)
                           (Niccolò Sfondrati)
29 Oct 1591 - 30 Dec 1591  Innocent IX                        (b. 1519 - d. 1591)
                           (Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti)
30 Jan 1592 -  3 Mar 1605  Clement VIII                       (b. 1536 - d. 1605)
                           (Ippolito Aldobrandini)
 1 Apr 1605 - 27 Apr 1605  Leo XI                             (b. 1535 - d. 1605)
                           (Alessandro de' Medici)
16 May 1605 - 28 Jan 1621  Paul V                             (b. 1550 - d. 1621)
                           (Camillo Borghese)
 6 Feb 1621 -  8 Jul 1623  Gregory XV                         (b. 1554 - d. 1623)
                           (Alessandro Ludovisi)
 6 Aug 1623 - 29 Jul 1644  Urban VIII                         (b. 1568 - d. 1644)
                           (Maffeo Barberini)
15 Sep 1644 -  7 Jan 1655  Innocent X                         (b. 1574 - d. 1655)
                           (Gianbatista Pamfili)
 7 Apr 1655 - 22 May 1667  Alexander VII                      (b. 1559 - d. 1667)
                           (Fabio Chigi)
20 Jun 1667 -  9 Dec 1669  Clement IX                         (b. 1600 - d. 1669)
                           (Giulio Rospigliosi)
29 Apr 1670 - 22 Jul 1676  Clement X                          (b. 1590 - d. 1676)
                           (Emilio Altieri)
21 Sep 1676 - 11 Apr 1689  Innocent XI                        (b. 1611 - d. 1689)
                           (Benedetto Odescalchi)
 6 Oct 1689 -  1 Feb 1691  Alexander VIII                     (b. 1610 - d. 1691)
                           (Pietro Ottoboni)
12 Jul 1691 - 27 Sep 1700  Innocent XII                       (b. 1615 - d. 1700)
                           (Antonio Pignatelli)
23 Nov 1700 - 19 Mar 1721  Clement XI                         (b. 1649 - d. 1721)
                           (Giovanni Francesco degli Albani)
 8 May 1721 -  7 Mar 1724  Innocent XIII                      (b. 1655 - d. 1724)
                           (Michelagniolo dei Conti dei duchi di Poli)
29 May 1724 - 23 Feb 1730  Benedict XIII                      (b. 1649 - d. 1730)
                           (Pietro Francesco degli Orsini, duca di Gravina;
                            in religion: Vincenzo Maria Orsini)
12 Jul 1730 -  6 Feb 1740  Clement XII                        (b. 1652 - d. 1740)
                           (Lorenzo Corsini dei marchesi di Sismano)
17 Aug 1740 -  3 May 1758  Benedict XIV                       (b. 1675 - d. 1758)
                           (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini)
 6 Jul 1758 -  2 Feb 1769  Clement XIII                       (b. 1693 - d. 1769)
                           (Carlo Rezzonico dei conti della Torre)
19 May 1769 - 22 Sep 1774  Clement XIV                        (b. 1705 - d. 1774)
                           (Giovanni Vicenzo Antonio Ganganelli)
15 Feb 1775 - 29 Aug 1799  Pius VI                            (b. 1717 - d. 1799)
                           (Giovanni Angelo Braschi)
14 Mar 1800 - 20 Aug 1823  Pius VII                           (b. 1740 - d. 1823)
                           (Giorgio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti)
28 Sep 1823 - 10 Feb 1829  Leo XII                            (b. 1760 - d. 1829)
                           (Annibale Francesco Sermattei, conte della Genga)
31 Mar 1829 - 30 Nov 1830  Pius VIII                          (b. 1761 - d. 1830)
                           (Fracesco Saverio Castiglioni)
 2 Feb 1831 -  1 Jun 1846  Gregorius XVI                      (b. 1765 - d. 1846)
                           (Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari)
16 Jun 1846 -  7 Feb 1878  Pius IX                            (b. 1792 - d. 1878)
                           (Giovanni Maria Giambattista Pietro 
                            Pellegrino Isidoro, conte Mastai-Ferretti)
20 Feb 1878 - 20 Jul 1903  Leo XIII                           (b. 1803 - d. 1903)
                           (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Aloisio Pecci)
 4 Aug 1903 - 20 Aug 1914  St. Pius X                         (b. 1835 - d. 1914)
                           (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto)
 3 Sep 1914 - 22 Jan 1922  Benedict XV                        (b. 1854 - d. 1922)
                           (Giacomo Giambattista, marchese della Chiesa)
 6 Feb 1922 - 10 Feb 1939  Pius XI                            (b. 1857 - d. 1939)
                           (Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti)
 2 Mar 1939 -  9 Oct 1958  Pius XII                           (b. 1876 - d. 1958)
                           (Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli)
28 Oct 1958 -  3 Jun 1963  John XXIII                         (b. 1881 - d. 1963)
                           (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli)
21 Jun 1963 -  6 Aug 1978  Paul VI                            (b. 1897 - d. 1978)
                           (Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini)
26 Aug 1978 - 28 Sep 1978  John Paul I                        (b. 1912 - d. 1978)
                           (Albino Luciani)
16 Oct 1978 -  2 Apr 2005  John Paul II                       (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
                           (Karol Józef Wojtyla)
19 Apr 2005 -              Benedict XVI                       (b. 1927)
                           (Joseph Ratzinger)

 ¹full Papal title:
 (a) 1870 -  7 Jun 1929: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Province of Rome, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (b) 7 Jun 1929 -  1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (c) from 1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God."





©2000  Ben Cahoon