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Chile
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![[1810 Flag of Chile]](cl-1810.gif)
![[1816 Flag of Chile]](cl-1816.gif)
![[1818 Flag of Chile]](cl-1818.gif)
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Governors
Aug 1540 - Dec 1547 Pedro
de Valdivia (1st time) (d. 1553)
Dec 1547 - Jul 1549 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez
(1st time)
20 Jul 1549 - 25 Dec 1553 Pedro de Valdivia (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Dec 1553 - Feb 1555 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez
(2nd time)(acting)
+ Rodrigo de Quiroga López Ulloa
(1st time)(acting)
Dec 1553 - Feb 1555 Francisco
de Aguirre de Meneses
(in opposition)
Feb 1555 - May 1556 Jerónimo
de Alderete
(d. 1556)
(did not take office)
Feb 1555 - Apr 1557 Francisco
de Villagra Velásquez
(3rd time)(acting to May 1556)
Apr 1557 - Feb 1561 García
Hurtado de Mendoza,
marqués de Cañete
Feb 1561 - 22 Jun 1563 Francisco de Villagra
Velásquez
(4th time)
Jun 1563 - Jun 1565 Pedro
de Villagra y Martínez
(acting)
Jun 1565 - Aug 1567 Rodrigo
de Quiroga López Ulloa
(2nd time)
Aug 1567 - Aug 1568 Real
Audiencia
Aug 1568 - Jan 1575 Melchor
Bravo de Saravia Sotomayor
Jan 1575 - Feb 1580 Rodrigo
de Quiroga López Ulloa
(3rd time)
Feb 1580 - Jul 1583 Martín
Ruiz de Gamboa de Berriz
Sep 1583 - Jul 1592 Alonso
de Sotomayor de Valmediano
Jul 1592 - Dec 1598 Martín
García Oñez de Loyola
May 1599 - Jul 1600 Francisco
de Quiñónez
Jul 1600 - Feb 1601 Alonso
García de Ramón (1st time)
Feb 1601 - Mar 1505 Alonso
de Ribera de Pareja
(1st time) (acting)
Mar 1605 - Sep 1607 Alonso
García de Ramón (2nd time)
Jan 1611 - Mar 1612 Juan
de Jaraquemada (acting)
Mar 1612 - Mar 1617 Alonso
de Ribera de Pareja
(2nd time)
Mar 1617 - Jan 1618 Fernando
Talaverano Gallegos
Jan 1618 - Dec 1620 Lope
de Ulloa y Lemos
Dec 1620 - Nov 1621 Cristóbal
de la Cerda y Sotomayor
Nov 1621 - 7 Sep 1624 Pedro Osores
de Ulloa
(d. 1624)
Sep 1624 - May 1625 Francisco
de Alava y Noreña
(acting)
May 1625 - Dec 1629 Luís
Fernández de Córdoba y Arce
Dec 1629 - May 1639 Francisco
Lasso de la Vega (b. 1588/90
- d. 1640)
May 1639 - May 1646 Francisco
López de Zúñiga,
(b. 1599 - d. 1656)
marqués de Baides
May 1646 - Apr 1649 Martín
de Mújica y Buitrón
(d. 1649)
Apr 1649 - May 1650 Alonso
Figueroa y Córdoba
May 1650 - Jan 1655 Francisco
Antonio de Acuña Cabrera
y Bayona
Feb 1655 - 1656
Francisco de la Fuente Villabos
19 May 1656 - 27 Feb 1662 Pedro Pórter Cesanete
(d. 1662)
27 Feb 1662 - 22 May 1662 Diego González Montero Justiniano
(b. 1578 - d. 167.)
(1st time)(acting)
May 1662 - Jan 1664 Ángel
de Peredo
Jan 1664 - 1667
Francisco de Meneses Brito
1667 - Feb 1670
Diego Dávila Coello,
marqués de Navamorquende
14 Feb 1670 - Oct 1670 Diego González
Montero Justiniano (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Oct 1670 - Apr 1682 Juan
Henríquez de Villalobos (b. 1630 -
d. 1689)
29 Apr 1682 - Jan 1692 Marcos José
de Garro Senei de
Artola
5 Jan 1692 - Dec 1700 Tomás
Marín de Poveda,
(b. 1650 - d. 1703)
marqués de Cañada Hermosa
14 Dec 1700 - Jan 1709 Francisco Ibáñez
de Segovia y (b. 1644 - d. 17..)
Peralta
27 Jan 1709 - 23 Dec 1716 Juan Andrés de Ustáriz
de (b. 1656 - d. 17..)
Vertizberea
23 Dec 1716 - 16 Dec 1717 José de Santiago Concha
y (d. 1718)
Salvatierra (acting)
17 Dec 1717 - 11 Nov 1733 Gabriel Cano de Aponte
(d. 1733)
Nov 1733 - May 1733 Francisco
de Sánchez de la Barreda
y Vera (acting)
May 1733 - 15 Nov 1737 Manuel Silvestre
de Salamanca (d. 173.)
Cano (acting)
15 Nov 1737 - 4 Jun 1745 José Antonio Manso
de Velasco (b. 1684 - d. 1761)
y Sánchez de Samaniego,
conde de Superunda
4 Jun 1745 - Mar 1746 Francisco José
de Ovando y Solís,
marqués de Ovando (acting)
25 Mar 1746 - Dec 1755 Domingo Ortíz
de Rosas García
de Viallasuso, marqués de
Poblaciones
Dec 1755 - 9 Sep 1761 Manuel de Amat
y Junyent (b. 1704/10
- d. 1776)
Planella Aimeric y Santa Pau
9 Sep 1761 - 3 Oct 1762 Félix de Berroeta
(acting)
3 Oct 1762 - 17 Jan 1768 Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga
(b. 1715 - d. 1768)
17 Jan 1768 - 3 Mar 1770 Juan de Balmaceda y Censano
Beltrán (acting)
3 Mar 1770 - 6 Mar 1772 Francisco Javier de Morales
y
Castejón y Arroyo (acting)
6 Mar 1772 - 1778
Augustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (b. 1711
- d. 1784)
Governors and Captains-general
1778 - 6 Jul 1780
Augustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (s.a.)
6 Jul 1780 - 10 Dec 1780 Tomás Álvarez
de Acevedo
(1st time) (acting)
10 Dec 1780 - Apr 1787 Ambrosio de Benavides
Medina
Liñán y Torre
Apr 1787 - May 1788 Tomás
Álvarez de Acevedo
(2nd time) (acting)
May 1788 - 16 May 1796 Ambrosio O'Higgins
y Ballenary, (b. 1720 - d. 1801)
marqués de Osorno
16 May 1796 - 18 Sep 1796 José de Rezabal y Ugarte
(acting)
18 Sep 1796 - 21 Jan 1799 Gabriel de Avilés y del
Fierro,
marqués de Avilés
Jan 1799 - 6 Apr 1801 Joaquín
del Pino Sánchez de Rosas
Romero y Negrete (acting)
6 Apr 1801 - 31 Dec 1810 José de Santiago Concha
Jiménez
Lobatón (acting)
31 Dec 1810 - 30 Jan 1802 Francisco Tadeo Diez de Medina
Vidanges (acting)
30 Jan 1802 - Feb 1808 Luís Antonio
Muñoz de Guzmán (b. 1735 -
d. 1808)
Feb 1808 - 22 Apr 1808 Juan Rodríguez
Ballesteros (acting)
22 Apr 1808 - Jul 1810 Francisco Antonio
García Carrasco (b. 1743 - d. 1811/12)
Díaz (interim) (1st time)
16 Jul 1810 - 18 Sep 1810 Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta,
(b. 1727 - d. 1811)
conde de la Conquista (acting)
Government Juntas
18 Sep 1810 - 11 Aug 1811 First Junta
- Mateo de Toro y Zambrano y (s.a.)
Ureta, conde de la Conquista
(president of the junta)
- José Antonio Martínez de
(d. 1811)
Adunate, Bishop of Santiago
- Fernando,
(b. 1740 - d. 1818)
marqués de la Plata y Orozco
- Juan Martínez de Rosas
(b. 1759 - d. 1813)
(1st time)
- Ignacio de la Carrera (1st time)(b. 1747 - d. 1819)
- Juan Enrique Rosales Fuentes (d. 1825)
(1st time)
- Francisco Javier Renia
11 Aug 1811 - Sep 1811 Second Junta
- Martín Calvo Encalada (1st time)(d. 1830)
- Juan José Aldunate Larraín
- Juan Miguel Benavente
- Francisco Javier del Sola
4 Sep 1811 - 15 Nov 1811 Third Junta
- Juan Martínez de Rosas
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Martín Calvo Encalada (2nd time)(s.a.)
- Juan Enrique Rosales Fuentes (s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Juan Mackenna
(b. 1771 - d. 1819)
- José Gaspar Marín y Esquivel (b.
1772 - d. 1839)
(1st time)
15 Nov 1811 - 2 Dec 1811 Fourth Junta
- José Miguel Carrera y Verdugo (b. 1785 - d.
1821)
(1st time)
- José Gaspar Marín y Esquivel (s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Juan Martínez de Rozas
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
2 Dec 1811 - 14 Mar 1814 Fifth Junta
- José Miguel Carrera y Verdugo (s.a.)
(2nd time) (to Nov 1813)
- José Miguel Infante
(b. 1778 - d. 1844)
- José Nicolas de la Cerda y
Santiago Concha
(from 16 Dec 1811)
- J.A. Pérez (from 1813 to 1814)
- Ignacio de la Carrera (2nd time)(s.a.)
(to 3 Oct 1812)
- Manuel Manso
(from 8 Jan 1812)
- José Santiago Portalés
(from 1812)
- Pedro Prado Jaraquemada
(from Oct 1812)
- Bernardo O'Higgins
(b. 1776 - d. 1824)
(from 29 Nov 1813)
Supreme Director
14 Mar 1814 - 23 Jul 1814 Francisco de la Lastra de la Sotta
(b. 1777 - d. 1852)
23 Jul 1814 - 2 Oct 1814 Sixth Junta
- José Miguel Carrera y Verdugo (s.a.)
(3rd time)
- Julián Uribe
- Manuel Muñoz Urzúa
Governors and Captains-general (in opposition to 10 Oct
1814 and from 12 Jan 1817)
- in Chillána, then Concepción -
Feb 1813 - May 1813 António
Pareia
(d. 1813)
May 1813 - Feb 1814 Juan
Francisco Sánchez
Feb 1814 - Aug 1814 Gabino
Gainza
Aug 1814 - 10 Oct 1814 Mariano Osorio
(b. 1777 - d. 1819)
- in Santiago -
10 Oct 1814 - 26 Dec 1815 Mariano Osorio
(s.a.)
26 Dec 1815 - 12 Jan 1817 Francisco Casimiro Marcó
del Ponte
Ángel Díaz y Méndez (1st time)
- in Tacna -
12 Jan 1817 - 4 Jan 1818 Francisco Casimiro Marcó
del Ponte
Angel Díaz y Méndez
4 Jan 1818 - 5 Apr 1818 Francisco Antonio García
Carrasco
Díaz (2nd time)
5 Apr 1818 - 1819
Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Ponte
Ángel-Díaz y Méndez (2nd time)
Supreme Directors
12 Jan 1818 - 28 Jan 1823 Bernardo O'Higgins
(s.a.)
(acting to 12 Jan 1818)
28 Jan 1823 - 29 Mar 1823 Agustín Manuel de Eyzaguirre
y (b. 1786 - d. 1837)
Arechavala
(President of Interim Governing Junta)
29 Mar 1823 - 5 Apr 1823 Congress of Plenipotentiaries
- Juan Egaña Risco
(b. 1769 - d. 1836)
- Manuel Fernando Vásquez de Novoa (b. 1783 - d. 18..)
y López de Artigas
- Manuel Antonio González
Valenzuela
5 Apr 1823 - 13 Aug 1823 Ramón Freire Serrano
(1st time) (b. 1787 - d. 1851) Lib
(Director and Provisional Supreme Chief of State)
13 Aug 1823 - 2 Sep 1823 Deputy Supreme Junta
- Mariano Egaña Fabres
(b. 1793 - d. 1846)
- Santiago Fernández y
(b. 1768 - d. 1847)
González Barriga
- Diego José Benavente y
(b. 1790 - d. 1867)
García de Bustamante
2 Sep 1823 - 9 Jul 1826 Ramón Freire Serrano
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Lib
Presidents
9 Jul 1826 - 9 Sep 1826 Manuel José Blanco
y Calvo (b. 1790 - d. 1876)
de Encalada (provisional)
9 Sep 1826 - 1 Feb 1827 Agustín
Manuel de Eyzaguirre (s.a.)
y Arechavala (vice-president acting)
1 Feb 1827 - 8 May 1827 Ramón Freire Serrano
(1st time) (s.a.)
Lib
(provisional [in rebellion from 25 Jan 1827]
to 15 Feb 1827)
8 May 1827 - 16 Jul 1829 Francisco Antonio y Díaz
de (b. 1785 - d. 1858)
Lib
la Puente Pinto (1st time)
(vice-president acting)
16 Jul 1829 - 19 Oct 1829 Francisco Ramón de Vicuña
Larraín (b. 1775 - d. 1849)
(1st time) (vice-president acting)
19 Oct 1829 - 2 Nov 1829 Francisco Antonio y Díaz
(s.a.)
Lib
de la Puente Pinto (2nd time)
2 Nov 1829 - 7 Nov 1829 Francisco Ramón
de Vicuña Larraín (s.a.)
(2nd time)(vice-president acting)
7 Nov 1829 - 13 Nov 1829 Ramón Freire Serrano
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Lib
(President of the Government Junta)
8 Nov 1829 - 7 Dec 1829 Francisco Ramón
de Vicuña Larraín (s.a.)
(vice-president acting [in rebellion
to 13 Nov 1829])(3rd time)
7 Dec 1829 - 24 Dec 1829 Ramón Freire Serrano
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Lib
(in charge of the Executive)
24 Dec 1829 - 18 Feb 1830 José Tomás Ovalle
Bezanilla (b. 1788 - d. 1831)
Con
(President of the Government Junta)
(1st time)
18 Feb 1830 - 1 Apr 1830 Francisco Antonio Pascual
de la (d. 1860)
Ascensión Ruiz de Tagle y Portales
(provisional)
1 Apr 1830 - 21 Mar 1831 José Tomás Ovalle
Bezanilla (s.a.)
Con
(2nd time)(acting)
21 Mar 1831 - 18 Sep 1831 Fernando de Errázuriz y
Martínez (b. 1777 - d. 1841)
de Aldunate
("accidental" to 22 Mar 1831, then acting)
18 Sep 1831 - 18 Sep 1841 José Joaquín Prieto
Vial (b. 1786
- d. 1854) Con
18 Sep 1841 - 18 Sep 1851 Manuel Bulnes Prieto
(b. 1799 - d. 1866) Con
18 Sep 1851 - 18 Sep 1861 Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián
(b. 1809 - d. 1880) Con/PC
Montt Torres
18 Sep 1861 - 18 Sep 1871 José Joaquín Pérez
Mascayano (b. 1800 - d. 1889)
PC
18 Sep 1871 - 18 Sep 1876 Federico Marcos del Rosario
(b. 1825 - d. 1877) PL
Errázuriz Zañartu
18 Sep 1876 - 18 Sep 1881 Aníbal Pinto Garmendia
(b. 1825 - d. 1884) PL
18 Sep 1881 - 18 Sep 1886 Domingo Santa María González
(b. 1825 - d. 1889) PL
18 Sep 1886 - 29 Aug 1891 José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda
(b. 1840 - d. 1891) PL
Fernández
29 Aug 1891 - 31 Aug 1891 Manuel Jesús Baquedano González
(b. 1826 - d. 1897) Mil
("accidental" chief of state)
31 Aug 1891 - 18 Sep 1896 Jorge Montt Álvarez
(b. 1846 - d. 1922) Mil
(President of Junta [in rebellion from 12 Apr 1891]
to 10 Nov 1891; Head of the Executive to 26 Dec 1891)
18 Sep 1896 - 12 Jul 1901 Federico Errázuriz Echaurren
(b. 1850 - d. 1901) PL
12 Jul 1901 - 18 Sep 1901 Aníbal Zañartu Zañartu
(b. 1847 - d. 1902) PL
(vice-president acting)
18 Sep 1901 - 18 Sep 1906 Germán Riesco Errázuriz
(b. 1854 - d. 1916) AL
18 Sep 1906 - 16 Aug 1910 Pedro Elías Pablo Montt
Montt (b. 1848 - d. 1910) PN
16 Aug 1910 - 6 Sep 1910 Elías Fernández
Albano
(b. 1845 - d. 1910) PC?
(vice-president acting)
6 Sep 1910 - 23 Dec 1910 Emiliano Figueroa Larraín
(b. 1860 - d. 1931) PL
(1st time)(vice-president acting)
23 Dec 1910 - 23 Dec 1915 Ramón Barros Luco
(b. 1835 - d. 1919) AL
23 Dec 1915 - 23 Dec 1920 Juan Luis Sanfuentes Andonaegui
(b. 1858 - d. 1930) PLD
23 Dec 1920 - 12 Sep 1924 Arturo Fortunato Alessandri Palma
(b. 1868 - d. 1950) PL
(1st time)
12 Sep 1924 - 23 Jan 1925 Luis Altamirano Talavera
(b. 1867 - d. 1938) Mil
(junta chairman)
23 Jan 1925 - 27 Jan 1925 Pedro Pablo Dartnell Encina
(b. 1874 - d. 19..) Mil
(junta chairman)
27 Jan 1925 - 1 Oct 1925 Arturo Fortunato Alessandri
Palma (s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
1 Oct 1925 - 23 Dec 1925 Luis Barros Borgoño
(b. 1858 - d. 1943) PL
(vice-president acting)
23 Dec 1925 - 10 May 1927 Emiliano Figueroa Larraín
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
10 May 1927 - 29 Jul 1931 Carlos Ibáñez del
Campo (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1960) Mil
(acting to 21 Jul 1927)
29 Jul 1931 - 4 Jun 1932 Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez
(b. 1879 - d. 1948) PR
(vice-president acting to 4 Dec 1931)
4 Jun 1932 - 16 Jun 1932 Arturo Puga Osorio
PS
(chairman Junta of the Socialist Republic of Chile)
16 Jun 1932 - 13 Sep 1932 Carlos Gregorio Dávila Espinosa
(b. 1887 - d. 1955) PS
(chairman Junta of the Socialist Republic of Chile to 8 Jul 1932,
then Provisional President of the Socialist Republic of Chile)
13 Sep 1932 - 2 Oct 1932 Bartolomé Guillermo
Blanche Espejo (b. 1879 - d. 1970)
(provisional)
2 Oct 1932 - 24 Dec 1932 Abraham Oyanedel Urrutia (acting)
(b. 1874 - d. 1952) Non-party
24 Dec 1932 - 24 Dec 1938 Arturo Alessandri Palma (3rd time)
(s.a.)
PL
24 Dec 1938 - 25 Nov 1941 Pedro Abelino Aguirre Cerda
(b. 1879 - d. 1941) PR/FP
25 Nov 1941 - 2 Apr 1942 Jerónimo Méndez
Arancibia (b. 1887
- d. 1959) PR
(vice-president acting)
2 Apr 1942 - 27 Jun 1946 Juan Antonio Ríos Morales
(b. 1888 - d. 1946) PR/FP
27 Jun 1946 - 17 Oct 1946 Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez
(acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1985) FP
3 Aug 1946 - 17 Oct 1946 Vicente Merino Bielich
(b. 1889 - d. 1977) Mil/FP
(vice-president acting for Duhalde)
17 Oct 1946 - 3 Nov 1946 Juan Antonio Iribarren Cabezas
(b. 1885 - d. 19..) PR
(vice-president acting)
3 Nov 1946 - 3 Nov 1952 Gabriel González
Videla
(b. 1898 - d. 1980) PR/FP
3 Nov 1952 - 3 Nov 1958 Carlos Ibáñez
del Campo (2nd time) (s.a.)
APL
3 Nov 1958 - 3 Nov 1964 Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez
(b. 1896 - d. 1986) PL
3 Nov 1964 - 3 Nov 1970 Eduardo Nicanor Frei
Montalva (b. 1911 - d. 1982) PDC
3 Nov 1970 - 11 Sep 1973 Salvador Isabelino Allende
Gossens (b. 1908 - d. 1973) PS-UP
11 Sep 1973 - 27 Jun 1974 Junta
- Augusto José Ramón Pinochet
(b. 1915 - d. 2006) Mil
Ugarte (chairman)
- José Toribio Merino Castro
(b. 1915 - d. 1996) Mil
- Gustavo Leigh Guzmán
(b. 1920 - d. 1999) Mil
- César Mendoza Durán
(b. 1918 - d. 1996) Mil
27 Jun 1974 - 11 Mar 1990 Augusto José Ramón
Pinochet Ugarte (s.a.)
Mil
(Supreme Head of the Nation to 17 Dec 1974)
11 Mar 1990 - 11 Mar 1994 Patricio Aylwin Azócar
(b. 1918)
PDC
11 Mar 1994 - 11 Mar 2000 Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
(b. 1942)
PDC
11 Mar 2000 - 11 Mar 2006 Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar
(b. 1938)
PPD
11 Mar 2006 -
Verónica Michelle Bachelet
(b. 1951)
PS
Jeria (f)
¹The Congress is located in Valparaíso, having been moved from Santiago de Chile during the last years of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (s.a.). Although It was moved by an act of 1987, it was not until the first democratic government of Patricio Aylwin in 1990 that began to function as the seat of the Congress.
Territorial Disputes: Chile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Bolivian gas and other commodities; Chile rejects Peru's unilateral legislation to change its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis favoring Peru; In Jan 2008 Peru filed suit against Chile at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over their maritime boundary; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001, has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur) .
Party abbreviations: CPD = Concertación de
Partidos por la Democracia (Coalition of Parties for Democracy, electoral
coalition of PDC, PPD, PS, and PRSD); PDC = Partido Demócrata
Cristiano de Chile (Christian Democratic Party of Chile, christian-democratic);
PPD
= Partido por la Democracia (Party for Democracy, social-liberal);
PRSD
= Partido Radical Social-Demócrata (Social Democratic Radical Party,
centerist); PS = Partido Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of
Chile, socialist); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AL = Allianza Liberal (Liberal
Alliance); APL = Alianza Popular de la Liberación (Popular
Liberation Alliance); Con = Conservative (later PC); FP =
Frente Popular (Popular Front); PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative
Party, est.1857); Lib = Libera (later PL); PL = Partido Liberal
(Liberal Party, est.1857); PLD = Partido Liberal Democrático
(Liberal Democratic Party); PN = Partido Nacional (National Party);
PR
= Partido Radical (Radical Party, est.1861); UP = Unidad Popular
(Popular Unity, coalition of PS and Partido Comunista de Chile [Chilean
Communist Party] PCC)
Chiloé
![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
1567
Claimed by Spain.
May 1643 - 24 Aug 1643 Dutch occupation
(Staten Island).
1784
Chiloé Island made a direct dependency of Peru.
Dec 1817
Occupied by remnants of Spanish forces fleeing Chilean mainland.
14 Jan 1826
Spanish forces surrender, island fully incorporated into Chile.
Military governors
May 1643 - 7 Aug 1643 Hendrik Brouwer
(d. 1643)
Aug 1643 - 24 Aug 1643 Elias Herckmans
Dec 1817 - 1818
Mariano Osorio
(b. 1777 - d. 1819)
1818 - 14 Jan 1826
António de Quintanilla
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena
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![[Chilean Region XII flag]](cl-12.gif) |
![[Chilean Antarctica Flag flag]](cl-aprat.gif) Chilean Antarctica Flag |
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Antartida e Islas |
Province Capital: Puerto Williams |
(Antartica Chilena prov. 130) |
6 Nov 1940
Chilean Antarctica claimed by Chile.
11 Jul 1961
Commune of La Antártica Chilena created within Magallanes
department.
13 Jul 1974
Magallanes y Antártica Chilena (Magellan and Chilean Antarctica),
Region XII created (53°W to 90°W is Chilean Antarctic claim).
1975
Antártica Chilena a separate province.
Governors
1938 - 19..
Renato Valdés
c.1948
Enrique Calvo
1964 - 1970
Mateo Martinic Beros
1970 - May 1973
Manuel Torres de la Cruz (1st time)
Mil
May 1973 - Sep 1973 Octavio
Castro
Sep 1973 - Feb 1974 Manuel
Torres de la Cruz (2nd time)
Mil
Intendants of Region XII
Jun 1974 - 28 Nov 1974 Augusto Lutz Urzu
(d. 1974)
Mil
1974 - 1977 ....
Mar 1977 - 1979
Nilo Floody
Mil
1979 - 198.
Sergio Covarrubias Sanhueza
Mil
c.1984
Juan Guillermo Toro Davila
Mil
c.1985
Luís Danus Covian
Mil
198. - 198.
Claudio Lopez Silva
Mil
198. - 198.
Mario Navarrete Barriga
Mil
198. - 198.
Patricio Gualda Tiffaine
Mil
198. - 1990
Alejandro Gonzalez Samohod
Mil
1990 - 1994
Roque Tomas Scarpa Martinic
PDC
1994 - 2000
Ricardo Salles González
2000 - 2002
Nelda Panicucci Bianchi (f) (b.
1951)
PS
2002 - Apr 2003
Raul Hein Bozic
PS
Apr 2003 - 11 Mar 2006 Jaime Mauricio Jelincic
Aguilar
PRSD
11 Mar 2006 -
Eugenia Mancilla (f)
PDC
Governors of Antártica Chilena province
1975 - ....
.....
.... - 2006
Eduardo Barros
11 Mar 2006 -
Bélgica Arizmendy Carilao (f)
Note: Antarctic claim overlaps Argentine and British claims and is not recognized by United Nations, U.S., Russia or other countries.
Party abbreviations: PDC = Partido Democrático
del Cristiano (Christian Democratic Party);
PRSD = Partido Radical Socialdemócrata (Social-Democratic
Radical Party, centerist);
PS = Partido Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of Chile,
socialist); Mil = Military
Easter Island (Isla de Pascua/Rapa Nui)
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![[Flag of Isla de Páscua prov.]](cl-05ip.gif)
![[Flag of Rapanui]](cl_rapa.gif)
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"Dulce Patria, recibe los votos" (Gentle homeland, accept the vows) |
(None) |
(11 Mar 1981; in Spanish) |
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Annexation Day |
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(included in Chile figures) |
Imports: $N/A (included in Chile figures) |
mixed 5%, other 1% (2000) |
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Merchant marine: 2 ships (2002) |
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| International Organizations/Treaties: None | |||
Note: Easter Island had no traditional name in the island language; although this seems natural, given its isolation, it runs counter to the Polynesian practice of transporting island names in their migrations. Authors have tried to claim that Te Pito 'o Te Henua, meaning the Navel of the World in the island language, was the name brought with the founding migration, but this has been successfully disputed. The name Rapanui (Great Rapa, as opposed to Rapaiti, the Rapa in French Polynesia) was attributed in the 19th century and has acquired official status. The island had a highly tabooed paramount chief or king, the 'ariki henua. The office was hereditary in the Miru clan, and it appears that, in a similar fashion to Tahitian custom, the first-born son of the 'ariki henua succeeded to the position at birth because the mana passed to him at that moment, his father remaining in power as his regent until his marriage. In 1862, when the population of the island had already been severely depleted, Peruvian guano collectors raided the island, killed a large part of the population, and kidnapped almost all the rest, including the two 'ariki henua (i.e., the nominal 'ariki henua Maurata and his father and predecessor Kai Mako'i iti). Of the kidnapped population, fewer than 200 survived to be returned. Under these circumstances practically all knowledge of the past was lost or thoroughly garbled. It is therefore impossible to recover precise information. There are about six or seven lists of 'ariki henua that were provided to visitors and researchers, with between 20 and 57 names. Here is a list that is perhaps among the less unreliable ones (however, a recent article has revived interest in the 57-name list because carbon-dating has retrojected the human settlement of the island to no later than the 5th century).
c.400 AD
Polynesian migrants establish a state on modern day Easter Island
(which by the 19th century is referred to as Rapanui).
5 Apr 1722
Discovered by Dutch Admiral Jacob Roggeveen, named Easter Island.
19 Nov 1770
Annexed for Spain by Felipe González y Haedo and is
named Isla de San Carlos, not settled.
17 Mar 1774
Visited by British Capt. James Cook, named Easter Island.
9 Apr 1786
Visited by French Capt. Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse.
1868 - 1876
French adventurer Dutrou-Bornier seizes control of the island.
9 Sep 1888
Annexed by Chile (Isla de Pascua).
1896 - 1953
Part of the Department of Valparaiso.
1914
Failed revolt.
1953 - 1965
Administered by the Chilean Navy.
1 Mar 1966
Department of Isla de Pascua (including Sala y Gomez Island).
25 Jul 1974
Province of Isla de Pascua (including Sala y Gomez Island).
30 Jul 2007 Special Territory of Isla de Pascua.
Paramount chiefs (title 'ariki henua)
.... - ....
Hotu Matu'a
.... - ....
Tu'u maheke 'a Hotu Matu'a
.... - ....
Miru 'a Tu'u Maheke
.... - ....
Hata 'a Miru
.... - ....
Miru 'a Hata
.... - ....
Mitiake
.... - ....
Ataranga 'a Miru
.... - ....
Atu'u Raranga
.... - ....
Urakikena
.... - ....
Kahui Tuhunga
.... - ....
Te Tuhunga Nui
.... - ....
Te Tuhunga Marakapau
.... - ....
Ahu Arihao
.... - ....
Nui Te Patu
.... - ....
Hirakau Tehito
.... - ....
Tupu itetoki
.... - ....
Kura Ta Hongo
.... - ....
Hiti Rua Anea
.... - ....
Havi Nikoro
.... - ....
Te Ravarava
.... - ....
Te Raha'i
.... - ....
Korohaura
.... - ....
Te Ririkatea
.... - ....
Kai Mako'i
.... - ....
Te Hetukarakura
.... - ....
Huero
1835 - 1859
Nga'ara
1859 - 1862
Kai Mako'i iti
(d. 1862)
1862
Maurata
(d. 1862)
1863 - 1864
Tepito
1864 - 1866
Gregorio Rokoroko hetau
(b. 18.. - d. 1866)
1866 - 1868
Vacant
1868 - 1869?
Koreto Puakurunga (f)
1869? - 1888?
Carolina (f)
(b. 1869? - d. 1888?)
1868 - 6 Aug 1876
Jean-Baptiste Onésime Dutrou- (d.
1876)
Bornier -Regent
1888? - bf.1892
Atamu Te Kena Maurata
bf.1892 - 1899
Siméon Riroroko
1899? - 17 Mar 1946 Eva
Ko Uka 'a Hei 'a 'Arero ? (f) (d. 1946)
Religious Leaders
3 Jan 1864 - 11 Oct 1864 Eugene Eyraud (1st
time) (d. 1868)
23 Mar 1866 - 19 Aug 1868 Eugene Eyraud (2nd time)
(s.a.)
23 Mar 1866 - 6 Jun 1871 Hippolyte Roussel
6 Nov 1866 - 9 Mar 1871 Gaspar Zumbohm
6 Nov 1866 - 6 Jun 1871 Teodulo Escolán
Managers/Mayors
Apr 1884 - Aug 1868 Jean-Baptiste
Onésime Dutrou- (s.a.)
Bornier
Jun 1877 - Nov 1878 Chavez
Nov 1878 - 1883
Tati Salmon (1st time)
1883 - 1884
Tommi Länder
1884 - Dec 1888
Tati Salmon (2nd time)
21 Jul 1888 - Sep 1892 Pedro Pablo Toro
Hurtado
Sep 1892 - 189.
Charles Higgins
1895 - 1901
Alberto Sanchez Manterola
1901 - 1904
Horace Cooper
1905 - 1914
Henry Percy Edmunds
Governors
1914 - 1918
Ignacio Vives Solar
1919 - 1921
Exequiel Acuña (1st time)
1922
Luís Zepeda
1923 - 1925
Exequiel Acuña (2nd time)
1926 - 1928
Carlos Recabarren L.
1928
Carlos Millan Iriarte
1928 - 1931
....
1931
Bagolini
1931
Alberto Cumplido
1932 - 1933
Eduardo Avaios Prado
1934 - 1935
Hernán Cornejo
1936
Manuel A. Olalquiaga
1937
Hernán Cornejo
1938 - 1939
Álvaro Tejeda Lawrence
1940
Victor Contreras Figueroa
1941 - 1942
Hermann Reid Silva
1943
Jorge Señoret Carvallo
1944 - 1945
Ricardo Kompatzki H.
1945 - 1947
Gonzalo Serrano Pellé
1948 - 1949
Carlos Pascual Altamirano
1950 - 1951
Lus Aceituna Rojas
1952
Mario Luis Orellana Lillo
1953 - 1954
Carlos Salazar Contreras
1955 - 1956
Arnaldo Curti Silva
1956 - 1957
Raul Valenzuela Pérez
1958 - 1959
Fernando Dorion Nicolet
1960 - 1961
Arnt Arentsen Pettersen (1st time)
1962 - 1963
John Martin Reynolds
1964 - 1965
Jorge Portilla
15 Aug 1966 - 17 Jul 1967 Enrique Rogers Sotomayor
17 Jul 1967 - 6 Jun 1968 Alfredo Tuki Pate
6 Jun 1968 - Jan 1970 Fernando Silva
Molina
Jan 1970 - 26 Feb 1971 Hernán Perez
de Tudela Jimenez
26 Feb 1971 - 30 Apr 1971 Federico Guillerom Blanco Baeza
30 Apr 1971 - 13 May 1971 Caupolicán Valenzuela Torres
13 May 1971 - 3 Mar 1972 Abel Galleguillos Araya
3 Mar 1972 - 13 Sep 1973 Moisés Sudy Castro
13 Sep 1973 - 25 Sep 1973 Carlos Bastias Alvarado
25 Sep 1973 - 3 Aug 1974 Omar Fuenzalida Tobar
3 Aug 1974 - 23 Feb 1975 Giuseppe Arru Dominguez
23 Feb 1975 - 16 Feb 1979 Arnt Arentsen Pettersen (2nd time)
16 Feb 1979 - 27 Jan 1984 Ariel González Cornejo
27 Jan 1984 - 11 Mar 1990 Sergio Alejo Rapu Haoa
11 Mar 1990 - 1 Sep 2000 Jacobo Urbano Hey Paoa
1 Sep 2000 - 11 Mar 2006 Enrique Pakarati Ika
11 Mar 2006 -
Melania Carolina Hotus Hey (f)
President of the Council of Elders
1983 -
Albert Hotus Chavez
Juan Fernandez Islands
![[Flag of Chile]](cl.gif)
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22 Nov 1574
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Juan Fernández.
Aug 1704 - Feb 1709 Alexander
Selkirk marooned on the island; later he is the
inspiration for the Daniel Defoe character Robinson Crusoe.
1750
Spanish settle the islands (Más a Tierra [from 1966, renamed
Robinson Crusoe Island) and Más a Feura [renamed Alexander
Selkirk Island]).
1818
Annexed by Chile (Islas de Juan Fernández); later part of
the province of Valparaiso.
1822 - 18..
Abandoned.
1877
Permanent settlement begins.
1935
Islands declared a national park.
30 Jul 2007 Special Territory of Juan Fernandez Archipelago.
Rulers
Aug 1704 - Feb 1709 Alexander
Selkirk
(b. 1676 - d. 1721)
Araucanía
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![[Kingdom of Araucania flag in Exile]](xu_rap2.gif) Araucanian Flag in Exile after 1871 |
![[Kingdom of Araucania]](xu_rap.gif)
1777
Araucanía (Arauco region south of the Bío-Bío
River) is recognized
by treaty between Spain and the "natives" to be outside the
Spanish Monarchy.
17 Nov 1860
Kingdom of Araucania proclaimed by French adventurer.
20 Dec 1860
Royal style changed to King of Araucania and Patagonia¹.
5 Jan 1862
King arrested and Araucania subsequently annexed by Chile².
Mar 1869 - Jun 1871 Attempted
restoration of the kingdom.
1870
Araucanía generally considered incorporated into Chile by
this date.
1 Nov 1903
Kingdom effectively ended³
King
17 Nov 1860 - 17 Sep 1878 Orllie-Antoine I
(b. 1825 - d. 1878)
(Antoine Orllie de Tounens)
(1862-Jun 1871, and from 17 Sep 1878
in exile in France)
5 Jan 1862 - 14 Mar 1868 Quillapan -Deputy
17 Sep 1878 - 16 Mar 1902 Achille I (in France exile)
(b. 1841 - d. 1902)
21 Mar 1902 - 1 Nov 1903 Antoine II (in France exile)
(b. 1833 - d. 1903)
¹The inclusion of Patagonia was purely fictitious, and the claim to what arguably was already Argentine territory was never pursued; it was supposedly based on theoretical considerations of ethnic affinity and claims of support never documented.
²Dates of the official enactments that produced the incorporation of Araucania into the Chilean state are unavailable, but by 1870 the Chilean government would consider this a matter of fact, however legally justified.
³On 6 Nov 1903, the Council of Regency met and
chose Georges Sénéchal de la Grange to be the new "king",
but he declined. From that date on, everything that has been written about
the succession is essentially a fabrication by Philippe-Paul Alexandre
Henri Boiry (b. 1927), who currently claims to be Philippe I. His account
runs as follows: the sole heir, and hence successor, of Antoine II was
his daughter, Laure-Thérèse Cros, veuve Bernard (b. 1856
-
d. 1916), who "was" Queen Laure-Thérèse I from 6
Nov 1903 to her death 12 Mar 1916. There is no documentation of her acting
as queen. Upon his mother's death, Jacques-Alexandre-Antoine
Bernard (b. 1880 - d. 1952) became King Jacques-Antoine III. On
12 May 1951, Philippe I claims, Jacques-Antoine III freely ceded the kingship
to him, Philippe I, in the same terms as Orllie-Antoine I's nephew had
ceded his claim to the future Achille I before his uncle's
death. The documentation of this cession is a card that does not
name to whom it is addressed.
©2000 Ben Cahoon