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Kings¹
481 - 11 Nov 511
Clovis I
(b. 466 - d. 501)
- kings of Austrasia -
27 Nov 511 - Dec 533 Thierry
I (Theodoric) (at Rheims) (b. c.486 - d. 533)
Jan 534 - Dec 547
Théodebert I (Theodobert)
(b. 504 - d. 547)
Jan 548 - Nov 555
Thibaud (Théodebald)
(b. 534 - d. 555)
Dec 555 - Dec 560
Clotaire I (Chlothar)
(b. 497/98 - d. 560)
(at Soissons to 558; from 23 Dec 558
king of all the Franks)
Dec 555 - 559
Chramn -Co-ruler
(b. 52. - d. 560)
Dec 561 - Nov? 575
Sigebert I
(b. 535 - d. 575)
575 or 576 - Sep/Oct 595 Childebert II
(b. 571 - d. 595)
575 or 576 - 580's
Queen Brunehaut (Brunhild) -Regent (b. c. 534 - d. 613)
(1st time)
Sep/Oct 595 - 611/12 Théodebert
II
(b. 585 - d. 612)
Sep/Oct 599 - c.600 Queen
Brunehaut (Brunhild) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
611/12 - 613
Thierry II
(b. c.586 - d. 613)
612/late 613
Sigebert II
(b. 601 - d. 613)
613 - 18 Oct 629
Clotaire II (Chlotar)
(b. 584 - d. 629)
- from 623 jointly with -
623 - 19 Jan 639
Dagobert I
(b. 602/05 - 639)
- from 639 jointly with -
634 - 1 Feb 656
St. Sigibert III
(b. 630 - d. 656)
1 Feb 656 - 661
St. Dagobert II (1st time)
(b. c.650 - d. 679)
1 Feb 656 - 662
Childebert (III) (usurper)
(d. 662)
662 - Sep/Oct/Nov 675 Childéric
II (Childerich) (b.
c.650 - d. 675)
676 - 23 Dec 679
St. Dagobert II (2nd time)
(s.a.)
679 - 691
Thierry III (Theoderich)
(d. 691)
691 - 718
Vacant (to Neustria)
718 - 719
Clotaire IV
(d. 719)
- kings at Aurelianum (Orléans) to 524; from 534 Burgundy
-
27 Nov 511 - 25 Jun 524 Clodomir (Clodmer)
(b. 495 - d. 524)
27 Nov 511 - Dec 560 Clotaire
I
(s.a.)
(at Soissons to 558; from 23 Dec 558
king of all the Franks)
561 - 28 Mar 592
Gontran (Guntram)
(d. 593)
582 - 585
Gundowald (usurper; in Limousin) (b. 530 - d. 585)
28 Mar 592 - Sep/Oct 595 Childebert II
(s.a.)
Sep/Oct 595 - 613
Thierry II
(s.a.)
Sep/Oct 599 - c.600 Queen
Brunehaut (Brunhild) -Regent (s.a.)
613
Sigebert II
(s.a.)
613 - 18 Oct 629
Clotaire II (Chlotar)
(s.a.)
629 - 19 Jan 639
Dagobert I
(s.a.)
(king of all Franks to 634)
19 Jan 693 - 24 Sep 768 incorporated into
Neustrasia
- kings of Neustria; from 719 kings of the Franks -
27 Nov 511 - 23 Dec 558 Childebert I (at Paris)
(b. c.495 - d. 558)
23 Dec 558 - Dec 560 Clotaire
I
(s.a.)
(king of all the Franks)
Dec 560 - 567
Charibert I (at Paris)
(b c.520 - d. 567)
Dec 560 - Sep/Oct 584 Chilpéric
I
(b. 538 - d. 584)
(king at Soissons to 567)
Sep/Oct 584 - 18 Oct 629 Clotaire II (Chlothar)
(s.a.)
(at Rouen, then Soissons to 593;
from 613 king of all Franks)
Sep/Oct 584 - 590's Frédegonde
(f) -Regent
(b. c.545 - d. 596/597)
584/585
Gombaud
629 - 632
Charibert II
(d. 632)
18 Oct 629 - 19 Jan 639 Dagobert I
(s.a.)
(king of all Franks to 634)
Dec 629 - Mar 632
Charibert III (in Toulouse) (d.
632)
c.635 - 1 Feb c.660 Sigebert
III (d. c.660)
19 Jan 639 - Nov 657 Clovis II
(b. 635 - d. 657)
19 Jan 639 - Sep 642 Nantilde
(Nantechilde)(f) -Regent (b. 610 - d. 642)
641 - 65.
Erchinoald -Regent
Nov 657 - 10/11 Mar 673 Clotaire III (Chlothar)
(b. c.655 - d. 673)
Nov 657 - 664
Batilde (Saint Batilde) (f)-Regent (b. c.630 - d. 680)
Apr 673 - 673
Thierry III (Theoderich)(1st time) (b. c.650 - d. 691)
673 - Oct 675
Childéric II
(s.a.)
Nov 675 - 691
Thierry III (Theoderich)(2nd time) (s.a.)
Sep/Oct/Nov 675 - 676? Clovis (III)(usurper;
in Champagne)(b. c.670 - d. 676?)
691 - Mar 695
Clovis III
(b. c.681 - d. 695)
Mar 695 - Feb 711
Childebert IV
(b. 683 - d. 711)
Feb 711 - Dec 715
Dagobert III
(b. 699 - d. 715)
Jan 716 - Apr 721
Chilpéric II
(b. c.670 - d. 721)
Apr 721 - Mar 737
Thierry IV
(b. 715/16 - d. 737)
Mar 737 - 15 Oct 742 Interregnum
Mar 737 - 15 Oct 741 Charles
Martel -Regent
(b. 689 - d. 741)
(mayor of the palace 719-741)
15 Oct 741 - Nov 751 Pepin
le Bref ("the Short") -Regent(b. 714 - d. 768)
(mayor of the palace 741-751)
Feb 743 - Nov 751
Childéric III
(b. c.714 - d. 754)
Nov 751 - 24 Sep 768 Pépin
III "le Bref"
(s.a.)
9 Oct 768 - 28 Jan 814 Charles "le Grand"
("the Great") (b. 747 - d. 814)
(Charlemagne)
(from 25 Dec 800, Holy Roman Emperor)
- jointly with -
9 Oct 768 - 4 Dec 771 Carloman II
(b. 751 - d. 771)
(in Austrasia and Burgundy)
- jointly with -
781 - 8 Jul 810
Pépin IV (in Pavia)
(b. 773 - d. 810)
- jointly with -
811 - 4 Dec 811
Charles
(b. 772 - d. 811)
- jointly with -
11 Sep 813 - Jun 833 Louis
I "le Pieux" ("the Pious") (b. 778 - d. 840)
(co-ruler to 28 Jan 814; from 813, Holy Roman Emperor)
(1sttime)
5 Apr 823 - Mar 834 Lothaire
I (Lotharius) (1st time) (b. 795 - d. 855)
(co-ruler to Jun 833)
Mar 834 - 30 Jun 840 Louis
I "le Pieux" (2nd time) (s.a.)
- kings of the West Franks; later of France -
30 Jun 840 - 6 Oct 877 Charles I "le Chauve"
("the Bald") (b. 823 - d. 877)
(from 843, king of Francia Occidentalis/West Franks)
(Holy Roman Emperor from 875)
- jointly with -
30 Jun 840 - 11 Aug 843 Lothaire I (Lotharius)
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(in Belgica, Burgundy and Italy; to 29 Sep 855
(king of Francia Orientalis/Lotharingia)
6 Oct 877 - 10 Apr 879 Louis II le Bégue
("the Stammerer")(b. 846 - d. 879)
10 Apr 879 - 5 Aug 882 Louis III
(b. 864 - d. 882)
- jointly with -
5 Aug 882 - 6 Dec 884 Carloman III
(b. 866 - d. 884)
6 Dec 884 - 13 Jan 888 Charles II "le Gros"
("the Fat") (b. 835 - d. 888)
(Holy Roman Emperor)(Karl der Dicke)
29 Feb 888 - 1 Jan 898 Eudes (Odo)
(b. c.859 - d. 898)
(pretender from Nov 887)
28 Jan 893 - 13 Jul 922 Charles III le Simple("the
Simple")(b. 879 - d. 929)
(rival king to 1 Jan 898)
29 Jun 922 - 15 Jun 923 Robert I (rival king
to 13 Jul 922)(b. c.862 - d. 923)
13 Jul 923 - 15 Jan 936 Rudolph (Raoul)
(b. 860 - d. 936)
19 Jun 936 - 10 Sep 954 Louis IV d'Outremer
(b. 920 - d. 954)
12 Sep 954 - 2 Mar 986 Lothaire II (co-ruler
from 952) (b. 941 - d. 986)
12 Sep 954 - 16 Jun 956 Hugues de France, count
of (b. c.895 - d. 956)
Paris -Regent
12 Sep 954 - 966
Gerberga of Saxony (f) -Regent (b. c.913
- d. 968/69)
16 Jun 956 - 11 Oct 965 Bruno, Archbishop of
Cologne (b. 925 - d. 965)
and Duke of Lorraine -Regent
2 Mar 986 - 21 May 987 Louis V le Fainéant("the
Sluggard")(b. c.967 - d. 987)
(co-ruler from 8 Jun 979)
21/22 May 987 - 24 Oct 996 Hugues (Capet)
(b. 940 - d. 996)
25 Dec 987 - 20 Jul 1031 Robert II "le Pieux" (the
Pious) (b. c.970 - d. 1031)
9 Jun 1017 - 17 Sep 1025 Hugues (junior king)
(b. 997 - d. 1025)
14 May 1027 - 4 Aug 1060 Henri I
(b. 1008 - d. 1060)
23 May 1059 - 31 Jul 1108 Philippe I
(b. 1052 - d. 1108)
4 Aug 1060 - 1066
Baudoin V, comte de Flandre-Regent (b. 1012?- d. 1067)
3 Aug 1108 - 1 Aug 1137 Louis VI "le Gros" (the
Fat) (b. 1078 - d. 1137)
14 Apr 1129 - 13 Oct 1131 Philippe (junior king)
(b. 1116 - d. 1131)
25 Oct 1131 - 18 Sep 1180 Louis VII "le Jeune" (the Young)
(b. 1120 - d. 1180)
(absent on crusade 11 Apr 1147 - 11 Nov 1149)
11 Apr 1147 - 11 Nov 1149 Suger, abbé de Saint-Denis
-Regent (b. c.1081 - d. 1151)
1
Nov 1179 - 14 Jul 1223 Philippe II (Auguste)
(b. 1165 - d. 1223)
(absent on crusade Jun 1190 - 27 Dec 1191)
Jun 1190 - 27 Dec 1191 Adèle de
Champagne (f) -Regent (b. 1140 - d. 1206)
+ Guillaume de Champagne,
(b. 1135 - d. 1202)
archevêque de Reims -Regent
14 Jul 1223 - 8 Nov 1226 Louis VIII "le Lion" (the
Lion) (b. 1187 - d. 1226)
8 Nov 1226 - 25 Aug 1270 Louis IX
(b. 1214 - d. 1270)
(absent on crusade 25 Aug 1248 - 17 Jul 1254;
1 Jul 1 - 25 Aug 1270)
(canonized 11 Aug 1297 as St. Louis)
8 Nov 1226 - 25 Apr 1236 Blanche de Castille (f) -Regent
(b. 1188 - d. 1252)
(1st time)
Jun 1248 - 17 Jul 1254 Blanche de Castille
(f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time) (to 26 Nov 1252)
+ Alphonse, comte de Poitiers
(b. 1220 - d. 1471)
et de Toulouse (to 1249) -Regent
Mar 1270 - 1271
Mathieu de Vendôme, abbé de (b. 1220 - d. 1286)
Saint-Denis -Regent
+ Simon de Clermont, seigneur (b. c.1208 - d. 1288)
de Nesle -Regent
25 Aug 1270 - 5/6 Oct 1285 Philippe III "le Hardi" (the Bold) (b.
1245 - d. 1285)
5/6 Oct 1285 - 29 Nov 1314 Philippe IV "le Bel" (the Fair)
(b. 1268 - d. 1314)
29 Nov 1314 - 5 Jun 1316 Louis X "le Hutin"
(b. 1289 - d. 1316)
(the Quarrelsome)
5 Jun 1316 - 16 Jul 1316 Great Council
16 Jul 1316-13/14 Nov 1316 Philippe de France, comte
(b. c.1293 - d. 1322)
de Poitiers - Regent
13/14 Nov - 19/20 Nov 1316 Jean I "le Posthume"
(b. 1316 - d. 1316)
(the Posthumous)
Nov 1316 - 2/3 Jan 1322 Philippe V "le Long"
(the Tall) (s.a.)
(Philippe de France, comte de Poitiers)
2/3 Jan 1322 - 1 Feb 1328 Charles IV "le Bel" (the Fair)
(b. 1294 - d. 1328)
1 Apr 1328 - 22 Aug 1350 Philippe VI
(b. 1293 - d. 1350)
(regent Feb 1328 - 1 Apr 1328)
22 Aug 1350 - 8 Apr 1364 Jean II "le Bon" (the Good)
(b. 1319 - d. 1364)
Apr 1364 - 16 Sep 1380 Charles V "le Sage"
(the Wise) (b. 1338 - d. 1380)
(regent 14 Mar 1358 - 4 Oct 1360)
16 Sep 1380 - 21 Oct 1422 Charles VI "le Fol" (the Mad)
(b. 1368 - d. 1422)
16 Sep 1380 - 1 Nov 1388 Regents
- Louis, duc d'Anjou
(b. 1339 - d. 1384)
(to early 1382)
- Philippe, duc de Bourgogne
(b. 1342 - d. 1404)
"le Hardi" (the Bold)(1st time)
28 Jan 1393 - 23 Nov 1407 Regents
- Louis, duc d'Orléans
(b. 1371 - d. 1407)
(to 23 Nov 1407)
- Jean, duc de Berry
(b. 1340 - d. 1416)
- Philippe, duc de Bourgogne
(s.a.)
"le Hardi" (2nd time)
(to 27 Apr 1404)
- Jean, duc de Bourgogne
(b. 1371 - d. 1419)
"Sans-Peur" (Without-Fear)
(from 1404)
6 Nov 1417 - 23 Dec 1417 Dauphin Charles de France
-Regent (b. 1403 - d. 1461)
23 Dec 1417 - 21 May 1420 Queen Isabeau de Bavière
-Regent (b. 1371 - d. 1435)
21 May 1420 - 1 Sep 1422 Henri (Henry V of England)-Regent
(b. 1387 - d. 1422)
(regent and heir by Treaty of Troyes)
21 Oct 1422 - 17 Jul 1453 Henri (II)(Henry VI of England)
(b. 1421 - d. 1471)
(nominally to 4 Mar 1461)
30 Oct 1422 - 22 Jul 1461 Charles VII (Dauphin Charles)
(s.a.)
(regent in opposition from 24 Jun 1418)
22 Jul 1461 - 30 Aug 1483 Louis XI
(b. 1423 -
d. 1483)
30 Aug 1483 - 7 Apr 1498 Charles VIII "l'Affable"
(b. 1470 - d. 1498)
(the Gracious)
30 Aug 1483 - 1491
Anne de France, dame de
(b. 1461 - d. 1522)
Beaujeu (f) -Regent
+ Pierre de Beaujeu -Regent
(b. 1438 - d. 1503)
7 Apr 1498 - 1 Jan 1515 Louis XII
(b. 1462 - d. 1515)
1 Jan 1515 - 31 Mar 1547 François I
(b. 1494 - d. 1547)
(Spanish prisoner 24 Feb 1525 - 13 Mar 1526)
15 Jul 1515 - Sep 1516 Queen Louise de
Savoie (f) -Regent (b. 1476 - d. 1531)
(1st time)
12 Aug 1523 - Mar 1526 Queen Louise de
Savoie (f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
31 Mar 1547 - 10 Jul 1559 Henri II
(b. 1519 - d. 1559)
10 Jul 1559 - 5 Dec 1560 François II
(b. 1554 - d. 1560)
(also king of Scotland from 24 Apr 1558)
5 Dec 1560 - 30 May 1574 Charles IX
(b. 1550 - d. 1574)
5 Dec 1560 - 17 Aug 1563 Queen Catherine Marie Romola
de (b. 1519 - d. 1589)
Médicis -Regent (1st time)
30 May 1574 - 2 Aug 1589 Henri III
(b. 1551 - d. 1589)
(12 Mar 1573 - 12 May 1575
Henryk Walezy king of Poland-Lithuania)
30 May 1574 - 6 Sep 1574 Queen Catherine Marie Romola
de (s.a.)
Médicis -Regent (2nd time)
2 Aug 1589 - 14 May 1610 Henri IV
(b. 1553 - d. 1610)
21 Nov 1589 - 9 May 1590 Charles (X)
(b. 1523 - d. 1590)
(Charles Cardinal de Bourbon)
(21 Nov 1589 - 9 May 1590, imprisoned
at fortress of Fontenay-le-Comte)
21 Nov 1589 - 30 Mar 1594 Charles de Lorraine, duc de
(b. 1554 - d. 1611)
Mayenne -Lieutenant-general
14 May 1610 - 14 May 1643 Louis XIII "le Juste" (the Just)
(b. 1601 - d. 1643)
15 May 1610 - 2 Oct 1614 Queen Marie d'Médicis
-Regent (b. 1573 - d. 1642)
14 May 1643 - 1 Sep 1715 Louis XIV "le Grand" (the
Great) (b. 1638 - d. 1715)
("le Roi Soleil" [the Sun king])
18 May 1643 - 7 Sep 1651 Queen Marie Anne Maurice
(b. 1601 - d. 1666)
d'Autriche -Regent
1 Sep 1715 - 10 May 1774 Louis XV "le Bien-Aime"
(b. 1710 - d. 1774)
(the Well-Beloved)
12 Sep 1715 - 22 Feb 1723 Philippe de France, duc
(b. 1674 - d. 1723)
d'Orléans -Regent
10 May 1774 - 21 Sep 1792 Louis XVI
(b. 1754 - d. 1793)
(suspended 21 Jun - 14 Sep 1791 and from 10 Aug 1792)
(21 Sep 1792-8/9 Jun 1795 Louis XVII prisoner, did not reign
[b. 1785 - d. 1795])
Presidents of the National Assembly (often referred to as National
Constituent Assembly)
25 Jun 1791 - 2 Jul 1791 Alexandre-Francois-Marie,
(b. 1760 - d. 1794) Feu
vicomte de Beauharnais (1st time)
2 Jul 1791 - 19 Jul 1791 Charles-Malo-François,
(b. 1757 - d. 1832) Feu
comte de Lameth
19 Jul 1791 - 30 Jul 1791 Joseph-Jacques Defermon, dit
(b. 1752 - d. 1831)
Defermon des Chapelières
30 Jul 1791 - 13 Aug 1791 Alexandre-Francois-Marie,
(s.a.)
Feu
vicomte de Beauharnais (2nd time)
13 Aug 1791 - 27 Aug 1791 Charles-Louis-Victor,
(b. 1756 - d. 1794) Feu
prince de Broglie
27 Aug 1791 - 10 Sep 1791 Théodore Vernier
(b. 1731 - d. 1818)
10 Sep 1791 - 14 Sep 1791 Jacques-Guillaume Thouret
(b. 1746 - d. 1794) Feu
Presidents of the National Assembly
10 Aug 1792 - 19 Aug 1792 Jean François Honoré
Merlet (b. 1761 - d. 1830)
19 Aug 1792 - 2 Sep 1792 Jean-François Delacroix,
(b. 1753 - d. 1794) Gir
dit Lacroix
2 Sep 1792 - 16 Sep 1792 Marie-Jean Hérault
de Séchelles (b. 1759 - d. 1794) Gir
16 Sep 1792 - 20 Sep 1792 Pierre Joseph Cambon
(b. 1756 - d. 1820) Gir
Presidents of the National Convention
20 Sep 1792 Philippe Jacques Rühl (1st time) (b. 1737 - d. 1795) Mont
(acting)
20 Sep 1792 - 4 Oct 1792 Jérôme Pétion,
dit Pétion de (b. 1756 - d.
1794) Gir
Villeneuve
4 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792 Jean-François Delacroix,
(s.a.)
Mont
dit Lacroix
18 Oct 1792 - 1 Nov 1792 Marguerite Élie Guadet
(b. 1755 - d. 1794) Gir
1 Nov 1792 - 15 Nov 1792 Marie-Jean Hérault
de Séchelles (s.a.)
Mont
(1st time)
15 Nov 1792 - 29 Nov 1792 Henri Baptiste Grégoire
(b. 1750 - d. 1831) Mar
29 Nov 1792 - 13 Dec 1792 Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
(b. 1755 - d. 1841) Mont
13 Dec 1792 - 27 Dec 1792 Joseph Jacques Defermon, dit
(s.a.)
Gir
Defermon des Chapelières
27 Dec 1792 - 10 Jan 1793 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard
(b. 1742 - d. 1810) Mar
10 Jan 1793 - 24 Jan 1793 Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
(b. 1753 - d. 1793) Gir
24 Jan 1793 - 7 Feb 1793 Jean-Paul Rabaut, dit Rabaut
(b. 1743 - d. 1793) Gir
Saint-Étienne
7 Feb 1793 - 21 Feb 1793 Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit (b. 1751
- d. 1840) Mar
Bréard-Duplessis
21 Feb 1793 - 7 Mar 1793 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois
de (b. 1747 - d. 1814) Mont
Crancé, dit Dubois-Crancé
7 Mar 1793 - 21 Mar 1793 Arnaud Gensonné
(b. 1758 - d. 1793) Gir
21 Mar 1793 - 4 Apr 1793 Jean Antoine Joseph Debry
(b. 1760 - d. 1834) Gir
4 Apr 1793 - 18 Apr 1793 Jean François Bertrand
Delmas (b. 1751 - d. 1798) Mar
9 Apr 1793 - 18 Apr 1793 Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de
(b. 1753 - d. 1829) Mont-D
la Rosière (1st time)
(acting for Delmas)
18 Apr 1793 - 2 May 1793 Marc David Alba, dit Alba-Lasource
(b. 1763 - d. 1793) Gir
2 May 1793 - 16 May 1793 Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède
(b. 1765 - d. 1793) Gir
16 May 1793 - 30 May 1793 Honoré Maximin Isnard
(b. 1758 - d. 1825) Gir
(or Henri-Maximin Isnard)
30 May 1793 - 13 Jun 1793 François René Auguste
Mallarmé (b. 1755 - d. 1831) Mont
13 Jun 1793 - 27 Jun 1793 Jean-Marie Collot, dit
(b. 1749 - d. 1796) Mont
Collot d'Herbois (1st time)
27 Jun 1793 - 11 Jul 1793 Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de
(s.a.)
Mont-D
la Rosière (2nd time)
11 Jul 1793 - 25 Jul 1793 André Jeanbon,
(b. 1749 - d. 1813) Mont-R
dit Jeanbon Saint-André
25 Jul 1793 - 8 Aug 1793 Georges-Jacques Danton
(b. 1759 - d. 1794) Mont-D
8 Aug 1793 - 22 Aug 1793 Marie-Jean Hérault
de Séchelles (s.a.)
Mont-D
(2nd time)
22 Aug 1793 - 5 Sep 1793 Maximilien Robespierre (1st
time) (b. 1758 - d. 1794) Mont-R
5 Sep 1793 - 19 Sep 1793 Jacques Nicolas Billaud, dit
(b. 1756 - d. 1819) Mont
Billaud-Varenne
19 Sep 1793 - 3 Oct 1793 Pierre Joseph Cambon
(s.a.)
Mont
3 Oct 1793 - 22 Oct 1793 Charles Louis Joseph Charlier
(b. 1754 - d. 1797) Mont-M
22 Oct 1793 - 6 Nov 1793 Moïse Antoine Pierre
Jean Bayle (b. 1755 - d. 1811?) Mont
6 Nov 1793 - 21 Nov 1793 Pierre Antoine Laloy
(b. 1749 - d. 1846)
21 Nov 1793 - 6 Dec 1793 Charles Gilbert Romme
(b. 1750 - d. 1795) Mont
6 Dec 1793 - 21 Dec 1793 Jean-Henri Voulland
(b. 1751 - d. 1801) Mont
21 Dec 1793 - 5 Jan 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon
(b. 1755 - d. 1794) Mont-R
5 Jan 1794 - 20 Jan 1794 Jacques Louis David
(b. 1748 - d. 1825) Mont-M
20 Jan 1794 - 4 Feb 1794 Marc Guillaume Alexis Vadier
(b. 1736 - d. 1828) Mont
4 Feb 1794 - 19 Feb 1794 Joseph Nicolas Barbeau Du
Barran, (b. 1761 - d. 1816) Mont
dit Dubarran
19 Feb 1794 - 6 Mar 1794 Louis de Saint-Just
(b. 1767 - d. 1794) Mont-R
6 Mar 1794 - 21 Mar 1794 Philippe Jacques Rühl (2nd time)
(s.a.) Mont-D
21 Mar 1794 - 5 Apr 1794 Jean-Lambert Tallien
(b. 1767 - d. 1820) Mont
5 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Baptiste André
Amar (b. 1755
- d. 1816) Mont
(or Jean Pierre André Amar)
20 Apr 1794 - 5 May 1794 Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet
(b. 1746 - d. 1825) Mont
5 May 1794 - 20 May 1794 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite
Carnot (b. 1753 - d. 1823) Mont
20 May 1794 - 4 Jun 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
(b. 1763 - d. 1832) Mont
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or
4 Jun 1794 - 19 Jun 1794 Maximilien Robespierre (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Mont-R
19 Jun 1794 - 5 Jul 1794 Élie Lacoste
(b. 1745 - d. 1806) Mont
5 Jul 1794 - 19 Jul 1794 Jean-Antoine Louis, dit Louis
(b. 1742 - d. 1796) Mont
du Bas-Rhin
19 Jul 1794 - 3 Aug 1794 Jean-Marie Collot, dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Collot d'Herbois (2nd time)
3 Aug 1794 - 18 Aug 1794 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
(b. 1754 - d. 1838) Mar
Merlin de Douai
18 Aug 1794 - 3 Sep 1794 Antoine Christophe Merlin,
dit (b. 1762 - d. 1833) Thr
Merlin de Thionville
3 Sep 1794 - 22 Sep 1794 André Antoine Bernard
des Jeuzines,(b. 1751 - d. 1818) Mont
dit Bernard de Saintes
(or Adrien-Antoine....)
22 Sep 1794 - 7 Oct 1794 André Dumont
(b. 1765 - d. 1836) Thr
7 Oct 1794 - 22 Oct 1794 Jean Jacques Régis
Cambacérès (b. 1753 - d. 1824)
Mar
22 Oct 1794 - 6 Nov 1794 Pierre Louis Prieur,
(b. 1756 - d. 1827) Mont
dit Prieur de la Marne
6 Nov 1794 - 24 Nov 1794 Louis Legendre
(b. 1752 - d. 1797) Thr
24 Nov 1794 - 6 Dec 1794 Jean-Baptiste Clauzel
(b. 1746 - d. 1803) Thr
6 Dec 1794 - 21 Dec 1794 Jean-François Reubell
(b. 1747 - d. 1807) Mar
21 Dec 1794 - 6 Jan 1795 Pierre Louis Bentabole
(b. 1756 - d. 1798) Thr
6 Jan 1795 - 20 Jan 1795 Étienne François
Louis Honoré (b. 1751 - d. 1817)
Letourneur (or Charles François
Louis Honoré Letourneur)
20 Jan 1795 - 4 Feb 1795 Joseph Stanislas François
(b. 1748 - d. 1798) Thr
Xavier Alexis Rovère
4 Feb 1795 - 19 Feb 1795 Jean Nicolas Paul François
Barras (b. 1755 - d. 1829) Thr
19 Feb 1795 - 6 Mar 1795 François Louis Bourdon,
(b. 1758 - d. 1798) Thr
dit Bourdon de l'Oise
6 Mar 1795 - 24 Mar 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau
(b. 1765 - d. 1854) Mar
24 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Jean Pelet, dit Pelet de la
Lozère (b. 1759 - d. 1842)
5 Apr 1795 - 20 Apr 1795 François Antoine Boissy
d'Anglas (b. 1756 - d. 1826) Mar
20 Apr 1795 - 5 May 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
(b. 1748 - d. 1836) Mar
5 May 1795 - 26 May 1795 Théodore Vernier
(s.a.)
20 May 1795 - 21 May 1795 Pierre Amable Soubrany
(b. 1752 - d. 1795) Mont
(in rebellion)
26 May 1795 - 4 Jun 1795 Jean Baptiste Charles Mathieu,
(b. 1763 - d. 1833) Mar
dit Mathieu-Mirampal
4 Jun 1795 - 19 Jun 1795 Jean-Denis Lanjuinais
(b. 1753 - d. 1827) Mar
19 Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray
(b. 1760 - d. 1797) Mar
4 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet de
(b. 1764 - d. 1853) Mar
Pontécoulant
19 Jul 1795 - 3 Aug 1795 Louis Marie La Revellière,
dit (b. 1753 - d. 1824) Mar
La Revellière-Lépeaux
3 Aug 1795 - 19 Aug 1795 Pierre Claude François
Daunou (b. 1761 - d. 1840) Mar
19 Aug 1795 - 2 Sep 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Chénier
(b. 1764 - d. 1811) Mar
2 Sep 1795 - 23 Sep 1795 Théophile Berlier
(b. 1761 - d. 1844) Mar
23 Sep 1795 - 8 Oct 1795 Pierre Charles Louis Baudin,
(b. 1748 - d. 1799) Thr
dit Baudin des Ardennes
8 Oct 1795 - 26 Oct 1795 Charles François Jean
Joseph (b. 1749 - d. 1804) Mar
Victor Génissieu
26 Oct 1795 - 2 Nov 1795 the Committee of Public
Safety
(see heads of government)
Presidents of the Executive Directory
2 Nov 1795 - 31 Jan 1796 Jean-François Reubell
(1st time) (s.a.)
Reac
31 Jan 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 Étienne François Louis
Honoré (s.a.)
Mod
Letourneur (or Charles François
Louis Honoré Letourneur)(1st time)
30 Apr 1796 - 29 Jul 1796 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Mod
(1st time)
29 Jul 1796 - 1 Nov 1796 Louis Marie de La Revellière,
dit (s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (1st time)
1 Nov 1796 - 30 Jan 1797 Jean Nicolas Paul François
Barras (s.a.)
Reac
(1st time)
30 Jan 1797 - 30 Apr 1797 Jean-François Reubell (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Reac
30 Apr 1797 - 26 May 1797 Étienne François Louis
Honoré (s.a.)
Mod
Letourneur (or Charles François
Louis Honoré Letourneur) (2nd time)
26 May 1797 - 24 Aug 1797 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
24 Aug 1797 - 27 Nov 1797 Louis Marie de La Revellière,
dit (s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (2nd time)
27 Nov 1797 - 25 Feb 1798 Jean Nicolas Paul François
Barras (s.a.)
Reac
(2nd time)
25 Feb 1798 - 26 May 1798 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
(s.a.)
Reac
Merlin de Douai (1st time)
26 May 1798 - 24 Aug 1798 Jean-François Reubell (3rd
time) (s.a.)
Reac
24 Aug 1798 - 27 Nov 1798 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard
(s.a.)
27 Nov 1798 - 25 Feb 1799 Louis Marie de La Revellière,
dit (s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (3rd time)
25 Feb 1799 - 26 May 1799 Jean Nicolas Paul François
Barras (s.a.)
Reac
(3rd time)
26 May 1799 - 18 Jun 1799 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
(s.a.)
Reac
Merlin de Douai (2nd time)
18 Jun 1799 - 23 Sep 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
(s.a.)
Mod
23 Sep 1799 - 10 Nov 1799 Louis-Jérôme Gohier
(b. 1746 - d. 1830)
11 Nov 1799 - 25 Dec 1799 Consular Executive Commission
(3 consuls; chair probably rotating daily, in order
given; no conclusive documentation was created)
- Napoléon Bonaparte
(b. 1769 - d. 1821) Mil
- Pierre Roger Ducos,
(b. 1747 - d. 1816) Mod
dit Roger-Ducos
- Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
(s.a.)
Mod
First consul
25 Dec 1799 - 18 May 1804 Napoléon Bonaparte
(s.a.)
Mil
Emperor¹
18 May 1804 - 11 Apr 1814 Napoléon I (1st time)
(s.a.)
(30 Apr 1814 - 1 Mar 1815 in Elba exile)
Regents
23 Jan 1814 - 28 Mar 1814 Marie Louise -Empress
(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
28 Jan 1814 - 30 Mar 1814 Joseph Napoléon de France
(b. 1768 - d. 1844)
(Lieutenant-general of the Empire)
1 Apr 1814 - 14 Apr 1814 Provisional Government
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand- (b. 1754
- d. 1838) Non-party
Périgord, prince de Bénévent
(often referred to as president in secondary sournces)
- Pierre Riel, comte de
(b. 1752 - d. 1821) Non-party
Beurnonville
- Arnail-François, comte de (b. 1757 - d. 1852) Non-party
Jaucourt
- Emèrick-Joseph-Wolfgang-Héribert,
duc de Dalberg
(b. 1773 - d. 1833) Non-party
- François-Xavier-Marc-Antoine de
Montesquiou-Fezensac
(b. 1756 - d. 1832) Non-party
Lieutenant-general of the kingdom
14 Apr 1814 - 2 May 1814 Charles-Philippe de France,
(b. 1757 - d. 1836)
comte d'Artois
King¹
2 May 1814 - 20 Mar 1815 Louis XVIII (1st time)
(b. 1755 - d. 1824)
(23 Mar 1815 - 8 Jul 1815 in Ghent exile)
Emperors¹
20 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Napoléon I (2nd time)
(s.a.)
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Napoléon II (remained
in Austria) (b. 1811 - d. 1832) Non-party
23 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Commission of Government
(also styled Executive Commission)
- Joseph, comte Fouché,
(b. 1759 - d. 1820) Non-party
duc d'Otrante
(president from 23 Jun 1815)
- Lazare Nicolas Marguerite
(s.a.) Non-party
Carnot
- Paul, comte Grenier
(b. 1768 - d. 1827) Non-party
- Armand Augustin Louis
(b. 1773 - d. 1827) Non-party
Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence
- Nicolas Marie, baron de
(b. 1762 - d. 1821) Non-party
Quinette de Rochemont
Kings¹
8 Jul 1815 - 16 Sep 1824 Louis XVIII (2nd time)
(s.a.)
16 Sep 1824 - 2 Aug 1830 Charles X
(s.a.)
(Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois)
29 Jul 1830 - 1 Aug 1830 Municipal Commission (of
Paris)
(in opposition to Charles X)
- Jacques Laffitte
(b. 1767 - d. 1844)
- Casimir Pierre Périer
(b. 1777 - d. 1832)
- Georges Mouton, comte de Lobau (b.
1770 - d. 1838)
- Auguste Jean Marie, baron de
(b. 1782 - d. 1849)
Schonen
- Pierre François Audry de
(b. 1783 - d. 1852)
Puyraveau
- François Mauguin
(b. 1785 - d. 1854)
Lieutenant-general of the kingdom
31 Jul 1830 - 9 Aug 1830 Louis-Philippe de France,
(b. 1773 - d. 1850)
duc d'Orléans
King¹
9 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848 Louis-Philippe I "le Roi-Citoyen"
(s.a.)
(the citizen King)
President of the Provisional Government of the Republic
24 Feb 1848 - 9 May 1848 Jacques Charles Dupont de
l'Eure (b. 1767 - d. 1855)
President of the National Constituent Assembly
9 May 1848 - 10 May 1848 Philippe Joseph Benjamin Buchez
(b. 1796 - d. 1865)
Chairman of the Executive Power Commission
11 May 1848 - 24 Jun 1848 Dominique François Jean
Arago (b. 1786 - d. 1853) Rep
President of the National Constituent Assembly
24 Jun 1848 - 28 Jun 1848 Antonie Marie Jules Sénard
(b. 1800 - d. 1885)
Chief of the Executive Power
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eugène Cavaignac
(b. 1802 - d. 1852) Rep
President
20 Dec 1848 - 1 Dec 1852 Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
(b. 1808 - d. 1873) PO
Emperor¹
1 Dec 1852 - 4 Sep 1870 Napoléon III
(s.a.)
(Prussian prisoner from 2 Sep 1870)
26 Jul 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Empress Eugénie Marie
de Montijo (b. 1826 - d. 1920)
de Guzmán -Regent
President of the Government of National Defense
4 Sep 1870 - 13 Feb 1871 Louis Jules Trochu
(b. 1815 - d. 1896) Mil
Presidents of the National Constituent Assembly
12 Feb 1871 - 16 Feb 1871 Denis Emmanuel, comte
(b. 1796 - d. 1880) Con
Benoist d'Azy (acting)
16 Feb 1871 - 17 Feb 1871 François Jules Paul Grévy
(b. 1807 - d. 1891) RO
Presidents
17 Feb 1871 - 24 May 1873 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers
(b. 1797 - d. 1877) Mon
(Chief of the Executive Power to 31 Aug 1871)
24 May 1873 - 30 Jan 1879 Marie Edmé Patrice Maurice,
(b. 1808 - d. 1893) Mil
comte de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta
30 Jan 1879
Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (b. 1798 - d. 1881)
Mon
(acting)
30 Jan 1879 - 2 Dec 1887 François Jules Paul Grévy
(s.a.)
RO
2 Dec 1887 - 3 Dec 1887 Pierre Maurice Rouvier
(acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1911) RO
3 Dec 1887 - 25 Jun 1894 Marie François Sadi
Carnot (b. 1837 - d. 1894)
GR
25 Jun 1894 - 27 Jun 1894 Charles Alexandre Dupuy, (1st time)(b.
1851 - d. 1923) GR
dit Charles Dupuy (acting)
27 Jun 1894 - 16 Jan 1895 Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier
(b. 1847 - d. 1907) GR
16 Jan 1895 - 17 Jan 1895 Charles Alexandre Dupuy, (2nd time)(s.a.)
GR
dit Charles Dupuy (acting)
17 Jan 1895 - 16 Feb 1899 François Félix Faure
(b. 1841 - d. 1899) RO
16 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1899 Charles Alexandre Dupuy,
(s.a.)
GR
dit Charles Dupuy (3rd time)
18 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1906 Émile François Loubet
(b. 1838 - d. 1929) GR
18 Feb 1906 - 18 Feb 1913 Clément Armand Fallières
(b. 1841 - d. 1931) Rad
18 Feb 1913 - 18 Feb 1920 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré
(b. 1860 - d. 1934) PRP
18 Feb 1920 - 21 Sep 1920 Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel
(b. 1855 - d. 1922) PRP
21 Sep 1920 - 11 Jun 1924 Étienne Alexandre Millerand
(b. 1859 - d. 1943) PSR
(acting to 23 Sep 1920)
11 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1924 Frédéric François-Marsal
(acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1958) PRN
13 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1931 Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue
(b. 1863 - d. 1937) Rad
13 Jun 1931 - 7 May 1932 Joseph Athanase Gaston Doumer,
(b. 1857 - d. 1932) Rad
dit Paul Doumer
7 May 1932 - 10 May 1932 André Pierre Gabriel
Amédée (b. 1876
- d. 1945) GR
Tardieu (acting)
10 May 1932 - 11 Jul 1940 Albert François Lebrun
(b. 1871 - d. 1950) ARD
Chief of State
11 Jul 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 Henri Philippe Pétain
(b. 1856 - d. 1951) Mil
(to 7 Sep 1944 in Belfort exile; 7 Sep 1944
- 24 Apr 1945 in Sigmaringen, Germany exile)
Acting heads of state
3 Jun 1944 - 16 Jan 1947 the heads of government
Presidents
16 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1954 Jules Vincent Auriol
(b. 1884 - d. 1966) SFIO
16 Jan 1954 - 8 Jan 1959 René Jules Gustave
Coty
(b. 1882 - d. 1962) Ind
8 Jan 1959 - 28 Apr 1969 Charles de Gaulle
(b. 1890 - d. 1970) UNR
28 Apr 1969 - 20 Jun 1969 Alain Émile Louis Marie
Poher (b. 1909 - d. 1996) Ind
(1st time) (acting)
20 Jun 1969 - 3 Apr 1974 Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou
(b. 1911 - d. 1974) UDR
3 Apr 1974 - 27 May 1974 Alain Émile Louis Marie
Poher (s.a.)
Ind
(2nd time) (acting)
27 May 1974 - 21 May 1981 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
(b. 1926)
RI
21 May 1981 - 17 May 1995 François Maurice Mitterrand
(b. 1916 - d. 1996) PS
17 May 1995 - 16 May 2007 Jacques René Chirac
(b. 1932)
RPR;2002 UMP
16 May 2007 - Nicolas Paul Sarkozy (b. 1955) UMP
Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (from about 1789, Ministers)
29 Apr 1624 - 4 Dec 1642 Armand Jean du Plessis Cardinal
(b. 1585 - d. 1642)
Richelieu, duc de Richelieu
4 Dec 1642 - 9 Mar 1661 Jules Cardinal Mazarin
(b. 1602 - d. 1661)
9 Mar 1661 - 6 Sep 1683 Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
(b. 1619 - d. 1683)
marquis de Seignelay
28 Jul 1696 - 22 Sep 1715 Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
(b. 1655 - d. 1746)
marquis de Torcy
24 Sep 1718 - 10 Aug 1723 Gillaume Cardinal Dubois
(b. 1656 - d. 1723)
16 Aug 1723 - 19 Aug 1727 Charles Jean Baptiste Fleuriau,
(b. 1686 - d. 1732)
comte de Morville
23 Aug 1727 - 20 Feb 1737 Germain Louis Chauvelin
(b. 1685 - d. 1762)
22 Feb 1737 - 26 Apr 1744 Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou
(b. 1689 - d. 1749)
26 Apr 1744 - 19 Nov 1744 Adrien Maurice, duc de Noailles
(b. 1678 - d. 1766)
19 Nov 1744 - 10 Jan 1747 René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy,
(b. 1694 - d. 1757)
marqius d'Argenson
27 Jan 1747 - 9 Sep 1751 Louis Philogène Brûlart,
(b. 1702 - d. 1771)
vicomte de Puisieulx
11 Sep 1751 - 24 Jul 1754 François Dominique de Barberie
de (b. 1701 - d. 1754)
Saint-Contest
24 Jul 1754 - 28 Jun 1757 Antoine Louis Rouillé
(b. 1689 - d. 1761)
28 Jun 1757 - 9 Oct 1758 François Joachim de
Pierres (b. 1715 - d. 1794)
de Bernis
3 Dec 1758 - 13 Oct 1761 Étienne François,
duc de Choiseul (b. 1719 - d. 1785)
(1st time)
13 Oct 1761 - 10 Apr 1766 César Gabriel de Choiseul-
(b. 1712 - d. 1785)
Chevigny, comte de Choiseul-
Praslin (from 2 Nov 1762, César
Gabriel de Choiseul-Chevigny,
duc de Praslin)
10 Apr 1766 - 24 Dec 1770 Étienne François,
duc de Choiseul (s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Dec 1770 - 6 Jun 1771 Louis Phélypeaux, duc
de (b. 1705
- d. 1777)
La Vrillère
6 Jun 1771 - 2 Jun 1774 Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot
du (b. 1720 - d. 1798)
Plessis de Richelieu,
duc d'Aiguillon
2 Jun 1774 - 21 Jul 1774 Henri Léonard Jean
Baptiste Bertin (b. 1719 - d. 1792)
21 Jul 1774 - 13 Feb 1787 Charles Gravier, comte de
(b. 1719 - d. 1787)
Vergennes
14 Feb 1787 - 13 Jul 1789 Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin
(b. 1746 - d. 1792)
Saint-Hérem (1st time)
13 Jul 1789 - 16 Jul 1789 Paul François de Quelen,
(b. 1746 - d. 1828)
duc de la Vauguyon
16 Jul 1789 - 29 Nov 1791 Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin
(s.a.)
Saint-Hérem (2nd time)
29 Nov 1791 - 15 Mar 1792 Claude Antoine Valdec de Lessart
(b. 1741 - d. 1792)
15 Mar 1792 - 13 Jun 1792 Charles du Perier, dit Dumouriez
(b. 1739 - d. 1823)
13 Jun 1792 - 18 Jun 1792 Pierre Paul de Méredieu,
(b. 1737 - d. ....)
baron de Naillac
18 Jun 1792 - 23 Jul 1792 Scipion Victor, marquis de
(b. 1750 - d. 1830)
Chambonas
23 Jul 1792 - 1 Aug 1792 François Joseph de
Gratet, (b. 1749 - d. 1821)
vicomte Dubouchage (interim)
1 Aug 1792 - 10 Aug 1792 Claude Bigot de Sainte-Croix
(b. 1743 - d. 1803)
10 Aug 1792 - 21 Sep 1792 Pierre Henri Hélène
Marie Tondu, (b. 1754 - d. 1794) Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu
Provisional Executive Council (chair rotating weekly)
- Ministers of Justice -
21 Sep 1792 - 9 Oct 1792 Georges Jacques Danton
(s.a.)
Mont-D
9 Oct 1792 - 20 Mar 1793 Dominique Joseph Garat
(b. 1749 - d. 1833) Gir
20 Mar 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis Jérôme Gohier
(s.a.)
- Ministers of the Marine and Colonies -
21 Sep 1792 - 10 Apr 1793 Gaspard Louis Monge
(b. 1746 - d. 1818) Mont
10 Apr 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Dalbarade
(b. 1743 - d. 1819)
- Ministers of Foreign Affairs -
21 Sep 1792 - 21 Jun 1793 Pierre Henri Hélène
Marie Tondu, (s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu
21 Jun 1793 - 2 Apr 1794 François Louis Michel
Chemin des (b. 1759 - d. 1840) Mont-D
Forgues, dit Deforgues
2 Apr 1794 - 5 Apr 1794 Vacant
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794 Jean Marie Claude Alexandre
Goujon (b. 1766 - d. 1795) Mont
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial Joseph Armand Herman
(b. 1759 - d. 1795)
(interim)²
- Ministers of the Interior -
21 Sep 1792 - 23 Jan 1793 Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
(b. 1734 - d. 1793) Gir
23 Jan 1793 - 20 Aug 1793 Dominique Joseph Garat
(s.a.)
Gir
(interim to 15 Mar 1793)
20 Aug 1793 - 5 Apr 1794 Jules François Paré
(b. 1755 - d. 1819) Mont-D
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794 Jean Marie Claude Alexandre
Goujon (s.a.)
Mont
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial Joseph Armand Herman
(s.a.)
(interim)
- Ministers of War -
21 Sep 1792 - 3 Oct 1792 Joseph Marie Servan, dit Servan
(b. 1741 - d. 1808) Gir
de Gerbey
3 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792 Pierre Henri Hélène
Marie Tondu, (s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu (1st time)
(interim)
18 Oct 1792 - 4 Feb 1793 Jean Nicolas Pache
(b. 1746 - d. 1823) Mont
4 Feb 1793 - 1 Apr 1793 Pierre Riel de Beurnonville
(b. 1752 - d. 1821) Mont-D
1 Apr 1793 - 4 Apr 1793 Pierre Henri Hélène
Marie Tondu, (s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu (2nd time)
(interim)
4 Apr 1793 - 22 Jun 1793 Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
(b. 1754 - d. 1840)
(1st time)
22 Jun 1793 (hours) Charles
Alexis Alexandre
(b. 1754 - d. 1825)
22 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Ministers of Public Contributions and Revenues -
21 Sep 1792 - 13 Jun 1793 Étienne Clavière
(b. 1735 - d. 1793) Gir
13 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis Grégoire Des Champs
des (b. 1744 - d. 1795)
Tournelles
Committee of Public Safety of the National Convention
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
(s.a.)
Mont
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jacques Nicolas Billaud, dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Billaud-Varenne
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite
Carnot (s.a.)
Mont
(1st time)
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jean-Marie Collot, dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Collot d'Herbois
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 André Jeanbon, dit
Jeanbon Saint-André
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet
(s.a.)
Mont
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 Pierre Louis Prieur, dit
(s.a.)
Mont-R
Prieurde la Marne (1st time)
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
(s.a.)
Mont
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Maximilien Robespierre
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Louis de Saint-Just
(s.a.)
Mont-R
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Jean-Jacques Bréard, dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Bréard-Duplessis (1st time)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Joseph Eschassériaux
(1st time) (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Pierre-Antoine Laloy
(s.a.)
Mont
31 Jul 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jean-Lambert Tallien (1st
time) (s.a.)
Thr
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Jacques Alexis Thuriot de
la
Rosière
(s.a.)
Mont
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (1st
time) (s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Charles Cochon de Lapparent
(b. 1750 - d. 1825) Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Jean François Bertrand
Delmas (s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Antoine François
Fourcroy (b. 1755
- d. 1809) Thr
(1st time)
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit (s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (1st time)
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Louis Bernard Guyton
de Morveau, (b. 1737 - d. 1816) Mar
dit Guyton-Morveau
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Pierre Louis Prieur,
dit
Prieur de la Marne (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mont
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Joseph Charles Étienne
Richard (b. 1761 - d. 1834)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean Jacques Régis
Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(1st time)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite
Carnot (s.a.)
Thr
(2nd time)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean Pelet, dit Pelet
de la Lozère (s.a.)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 François Antoine
Boissy d'Anglas (s.a.)
Mar
(1st time)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois
de (s.a.)
Thr
Crancé, dit Dubois-Crancé
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 André Dumont
(s.a.)
Thr
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Bréard-Duplessis (2nd time)
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jean-Pierre Chazal
(b. 1766 - d. 1840) Thr
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Pierre Marec (1st time)
(b. 1739 - d. 1828)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Antoine François
Fourcroy
(s.a.)
Thr
(2nd time)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Pierre Jean Lacombe,
dit (b. 1751
- d. 1812) Mont
Lacombe Saint-Michel
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit (s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (2nd time)
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Marie François
Sébastien
Christophe Delaporte, dit Laporte (b. 1760 - d. 1823)
Thr
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Jean-François
Reubell (1st time) (s.a.)
Mar
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
(1st time) (s.a.)
Mar
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 François Aubry
(b. 1747 - d. 1798) Thr
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean Jacques Régis
Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(2nd time)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jacques Antoine Creuzé
de La (b. 1749 - d. 1800) Mar
Touche, dit Creuzé-Latouche
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Pierre-Mathurin Gillet
(b. 1766 - d. 1795)
(or René-Mathurin Gillet)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage
(1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1796) Thr
(or Denis-Toussaint Lesage)
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Louis Félix Roux
(b. 1753 - d. 1817) Thr
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean-Lambert Tallien
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Thr
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Joseph Jacques Defermon,
(s.a.)
Thr
dit Defermon des Chapelières
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet
de (s.a.)
Thr
Pontécoulant
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Jacques Antoine Rabaut,
dit (b. 1744 - d. 1820)
Rabaut-Pomier
4 May 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Théodore Vernier
(s.a.)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Charles Antoine Augustin
Blad (b. 1764 - d. 1802) Thr
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 François Joseph
Gamon
(b. 1767 - d. 1832) Thr
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Pierre François
Joachim
(b. 1761 - d. 1838) Thr
Henry-Larivière
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Pierre Marec (2nd time)
(s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 François Antoine
Boissy d'Anglas (s.a.)
Mar
(2nd time)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean Antoine Joseph Debry
(s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Thr
(or Denis-Toussaint Lesage)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet
de Couvray (s.a.)
Mar
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Étienne François
Louis Honoré (s.a.)
Letourneur (or Charles François
Louis Honoré Letourneur)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit (s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (3rd time)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean-François
Reubell (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Théophile Berlier
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean Jacques Régis
Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(3rd time)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Pierre Claude François
Daunou (s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Louis Marie La Revellière,
dit (s.a.)
Mar
La Revellière-Lépeaux
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Chénier
(s.a.)
Mar
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Joseph Eschassériaux
(2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Charles Claude Christophe
Gourdan (b. 1744 - d. 1804) Mar
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau
(s.a.)
Mar
Archchancellor
10 Nov 1799 - 11 Apr 1814 Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès,
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 1808) duc de Parme (1st time)
20 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès,
(s.a.)
Non-party
duc de Parme (2nd time)
Secretaries of State
25 Dec 1799 - 14 Apr 1811 Hugues Bernard Maret
(b. 1763 - d. 1839)
(from 3 May 1809, Hugues Bernard,
comte Maret;from 15 Aug 1809, Hugues
Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano)
(1st time)
14 Apr 1811 - 20 Nov 1813 Pierre Bruno, comte Daru
(b. 1767 - d. 1829)
20 Nov 1813 - 1 Apr 1814 Hugues Bernard Maret,
(s.a.)
duc de Bassano (2nd time)
20 Apr 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Hugues Bernard Maret,
(s.a.)
duc de Bassano (3rd time)
Minister of the Kings household
29 May 1814 - 20 Mar 1815 Pierre Jean Casimir, duc de Blacas
(b. 1771 - d. 1839)
d'Aulps
Prime ministers³
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Joseph, comte Fouché,
(s.a.)
duc d'Otrante (acting)
9 Jul 1815 - 26 Sep 1815 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-
(s.a.)
Périgord, prince de Bénévent
26 Sep 1815 - 29 Dec 1818 Armand Emmanuel du Plessis,
(b. 1766 - d. 1822)
duc de Richelieu (1st time)
29 Dec 1818 - 19 Nov 1819 Jean Joseph Paul Augustin,
(b. 1767 - d. 1828)
marquis Dessolles
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Feb 1820 Élie, comte Decazes
(b. 1780 - d. 1860) Const
20 Feb 1820 - 14 Dec 1821 Armand Emmanuel du Plessis,
(s.a.)
duc de Richelieu (2nd time)
4 Sep 1822 - 4 Jan 1828 Jean Baptiste Séraphin
Joseph, (b. 1773 - d. 1854) Ult
comte de Villèle
4 Jan 1828 - 8 Aug 1829 Jean Baptiste Silvère
Gaye, (b. 1778 - d. 1832)
vicomte de Martignac
8 Aug 1829 - 29 Jul 1830 Jules Auguste Armand Marie,
(b. 1780 - d. 1847)
prince de Polignac
29 Jul 1830
Victor Louis Victurnien,
(b. 1783 - d. 1834)
duc de Montemart
Ministers presidents of the Council of State
11 Aug 1830 - 2 Nov 1830 Achille Charles Léonce
Victor, (b. 1785 - d. 1870)
duc de Broglie
2 Nov 1830 - 27 Nov 1830 Joseph Mérilhou
(b. 1788 - d. 1856)
27 Nov 1830 - 11 Oct 1832 Félix Barthe
(b. 1795 - d. 1863)
Prime ministers³
2 Nov 1830 - 13 Mar 1831 Jacques Laffitte
(b. 1767 - d. 1844) Mov
13 Mar 1831 - 16 May 1832 Casimir Pierre Périer
(b. 1777 - d. 1832) Res
16 May 1832 - 11 Oct 1832 Vacant
11 Oct 1832 - 18 Jul 1834 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
(b. 1769 - d. 1851)
duc de Dalmatie (1st time)
18 Jul 1834 - 10 Nov 1834 Étienne Maurice, comte Gérard
(b. 1773 - d. 1852)
10 Nov 1834 - 18 Nov 1834 Hugues Bernard Maret,
(s.a.)
duc de Bassano
18 Nov 1834 - 12 Mar 1835 Édouard Adolphe Casimir
Joseph (b. 1768 - d. 1835)
Mortier, duc de Treviso
12 Mar 1835 - 22 Feb 1836 Achille Charles Léonce Victor,
(s.a.)
M-O
duc de Broglie
22 Feb 1836 - 6 Sep 1836 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe
Thiers (s.a.)
MP/CG
(1st time)
6 Sep 1836 - 31 Mar 1839 Louis Mathieu, comte Molé
(b. 1781 - d. 1855) Res
(1st time)
12 May 1839 - 1 Mar 1840 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
(s.a.)
duc de Dalmatie (2nd time)
1 Mar 1840 - 29 Oct 1840 Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe
Thiers (s.a.)
MP/CG
(2nd time)
29 Oct 1840 - 19 Sep 1847 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
(s.a.)
duc de Dalmatie (3rd time)
19 Sep 1847 - 23 Feb 1848 François Pierre Guillaume
Guizot (b. 1787 - d. 1874) MP/CD
23 Feb 1848 - 24 Feb 1848 Louis Mathieu, comte Molé
(s.a.)
Res
(2nd time)
24 Feb 1848
Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (s.a.)
MP/CG
(3rd time)
24 Feb 1848 - 28 Jun 1848 Vacant
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eugène Cavaignac
(s.a.)
Rep
20 Dec 1848 - 31 Oct 1849 Camille Odilon Barrot
(b. 1791 - d. 1873) PO
13 Jun 1849 (hours) Alexandre
Auguste Ledru Rollin (b. 1807 - d. 1874)
NM
(in rebellion)
31 Oct 1849 - 2 Jan 1870 Post abolished
Ministers presidents of the Council of State
30 Dec 1852 - 23 Jun 1863 Pierre Jules Baroche
(b. 1802 - d. 1870)
23 Jun 1863 - 18 Oct 1863 Eugène Rouher
(b. 1814 - d. 1884)
18 Oct 1863 - 28 Sep 1864 Gustave Rouland
(b. 1806 - d. 1878)
28 Sep 1864 - 17 Jul 1869 Adolphe Vuitry
(b. 1813 - d. 1885)
17 Jul 1869 - 2 Jan 1870 Justin de Chasseloup-Laubat
(b. 1805 - d. 1873)
2 Jan 1870 - 10 Aug 1870 Marie Louis Pierre Félix
Esquirou (b. 1815 - d. 1893)
de Parieu
10 Aug 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Jules Henry Busson-Billault
(b. 1823 - d. 1888)
Cabinet chiefs
2 Jan 1870 - 9 Aug 1870 Émile Ollivier
(b. 1825 - d. 1913)
9 Aug 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Charles Guillaume Marie
(b. 1796 - d. 1878)
Cousin-Montauban, comte de Palikao
President of the Government of National Defense
4 Sep 1870 - 18 Feb 1871 Louis Jules Trochu
(s.a.)
Mil
Prime ministers³
2 Sep 1871 - 25 May 1873 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
MP
(1st time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
25 May 1873 - 22 May 1874 Jacques Albert, duc de Broglie
(b. 1821 - d. 1901) Mon
(1st time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
22 May 1874 - 10 Mar 1875 Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de
(b. 1810 - d. 1882) Con
Cissey
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
10 Mar 1875 - 23 Feb 1876 Louis Joseph Buffet
(b. 1818 - d. 1898) Mon
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
23 Feb 1876 - 12 Dec 1876 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
MP
(2nd time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers to 9 Mar
1876)
12 Dec 1876 - 17 May 1877 Jules Simon
(b. 1814 - d. 1896) RM
17 May 1877 - 23 Nov 1877 Jacques Albert, duc de Broglie
(s.a.)
Mon
(2nd time)
23 Nov 1877 - 13 Dec 1877 Caietan de Grimaudet de Rochebouet
(b. 1813 - d. 1899) Mil
13 Dec 1877 - 4 Feb 1879 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
MP
(3rd time)
4 Feb 1879 - 28 Dec 1879 William Henry Waddington
(b. 1826 - d. 1894) RC
28 Dec 1879 - 23 Sep 1880 Charles Louis de Saulces de
(b. 1828 - d. 1923) RO
Freycinet (1st time)
23 Sep 1880 - 14 Nov 1881 Jules Ferry (1st time)
(b. 1832 - d. 1893) GR
14 Nov 1881 - 30 Jan 1882 Léon Gambetta
(b. 1838 - d. 1882) RO
30 Jan 1882 - 7 Aug 1882 Charles Louis de Saulces de
(s.a.)
RO
Freycinet (2nd time)
7 Aug 1882 - 29 Jan 1883 Charles Théodore Eugène
Duclerc (b. 1813 - d. 1888) GR
29 Jan 1883 - 21 Feb 1883 Clément Armand Fallières
(s.a.)
Rad
21 Feb 1883 - 6 Apr 1885 Jules Ferry (2nd time)
(s.a.)
GR
6 Apr 1885 - 7 Jan 1886 Eugène Henri Brisson
(1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1912) RRRS
7 Jan 1886 - 11 Dec 1886 Charles Louis de Saulces de
(s.a.)
RO
Freycinet (3rd time)
11 Dec 1886 - 30 May 1887 René Goblet
(b. 1828 - d. 1905) Rad
30 May 1887 - 12 Dec 1887 Maurice Rouvier (1st time)
(s.a.)
RO
12 Dec 1887 - 3 Apr 1888 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (1st
time) (b. 1827 - d. 1893) GR
3 Apr 1888 - 22 Feb 1889 Charles Thomas Floquet
(b. 1828 - d. 1896) Rad
22 Feb 1889 - 17 Mar 1890 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (2nd time)
(s.a.)
GR
17 Mar 1890 - 27 Feb 1892 Charles Louis de Saulces de
(s.a.)
RO
Freycinet (4th time)
27 Feb 1892 - 6 Dec 1892 Émile Loubet
(s.a.)
GR
6 Dec 1892 - 4 Apr 1893 Alexandre Félix
Joseph Ribot (b. 1842 - d. 1923)
RM
(1st time)
4 Apr 1893 - 3 Dec 1893 Charles Alexandre Dupuy,
(1st time)(s.a.)
GR
dit Charles-Dupuy
3 Dec 1893 - 30 May 1894 Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier
(s.a.)
GR
30 May 1894 - 26 Jan 1895 Charles Alexandre Dupuy, (2nd time)(s.a.)
GR
dit Charles-Dupuy
26 Jan 1895 - 1 Nov 1895 Alexandre Félix Joseph
Ribot (s.a.)
RM
(2nd time)
1 Nov 1895 - 29 Apr 1896 Léon Bourgeois
(b. 1851 - d. 1925) Rad
29 Apr 1896 - 28 Jun 1898 Félix Jules Méline
(b. 1838 - d. 1925) RM
28 Jun 1898 - 1 Nov 1898 Eugène Henri Brisson
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Rad
1 Nov 1898 - 22 Jun 1899 Charles Alexandre Dupuy, (3rd
time)(s.a.)
GR
dit Charles-Dupuy
22 Jun 1899 - 7 Jun 1902 René Waldeck-Rousseau
(b. 1846 - d. 1904) UR
7 Jun 1902 - 24 Jan 1905 Émile Combes
(b. 1835 - d. 1921) Rad
24 Jan 1905 - 12 Mar 1906 Maurice Rouvier (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RO
12 Mar 1906 - 25 Oct 1906 Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien
(b. 1840 - d. 1915) Rad
25 Oct 1906 - 24 Jul 1909 Georges Clemenceau (1st time)
(b. 1841 - d. 1929) Rad
24 Jul 1909 - 2 Mar 1911 Aristide Briand (1st time)
(b. 1862 - d. 1932) SFIO
2 Mar 1911 - 27 Jun 1911 Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis
(b. 1846 - d. 1929) RRRS
27 Jun 1911 - 21 Jan 1912 Joseph Caillaux
(b. 1863 - d. 1934) Rad
21 Jan 1912 - 21 Jan 1913 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré
(s.a.)
PRP
(1st time)
21 Jan 1913 - 22 Mar 1913 Aristide Briand (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SFIO
22 Mar 1913 - 9 Dec 1913 Louis Barthou
(b. 1862 - d. 1934) GR
9 Dec 1913 - 9 Jun 1914 Pierre Paul Henri Gaston
Doumergue (s.a.)
RRRS
(1st time)
9 Jun 1914 - 13 Jun 1914 Alexandre Félix Joseph
Ribot (s.a.)
RM
(3rd time)
13 Jun 1914 - 29 Oct 1915 René Viviani
(b. 1863 - d. 1925) PSR
29 Oct 1915 - 20 Mar 1917 Aristide Briand (3rd time)
(s.a.)
PSR
20 Mar 1917 - 12 Sep 1917 Alexandre Félix Joseph Ribot
(s.a.)
RM
(4th time)
12 Sep 1917 - 16 Nov 1917 Paul Painlevé (1st time)
(b. 1863 - d. 1933) PSR
16 Nov 1917 - 20 Jan 1920 Georges Clemenceau (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Rad
20 Jan 1920 - 24 Sep 1920 Étienne Alexandre Millerand
(s.a.)
PSR
24 Sep 1920 - 16 Jan 1921 Georges Leygues
(b. 1857 - d. 1933) GR
16 Jan 1921 - 15 Jan 1922 Aristide Briand (4th time)
(s.a.)
PSR
15 Jan 1922 - 9 Jun 1924 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré
(s.a.)
PRP
(2nd time)
9 Jun 1924 - 14 Jun 1924 Frédéric François-Marsal
(s.a.)
PRN
14 Jun 1924 - 17 Apr 1925 Édouard Herriot (1st time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1957) Rad
17 Apr 1925 - 28 Nov 1925 Paul Painlevé (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PSR
28 Nov 1925 - 19 Jul 1926 Aristide Briand (5th time)
(s.a.)
PSR
19 Jul 1926 - 23 Jul 1926 Édouard Herriot (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Rad
23 Jul 1926 - 29 Jul 1929 Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré
(s.a.)
PRP
(3rd time)
29 Jul 1929 - 2 Nov 1929 Aristide Briand (6th time)
(s.a.)
PSR
2 Nov 1929 - 21 Feb 1930 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée
(s.a.)
GR
Tardieu (1st time)
21 Feb 1930 - 2 Mar 1930 Camille Chautemps (1st time)
(b. 1885 - d. 1963) RRRS
2 Mar 1930 - 13 Dec 1930 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée
(s.a.)
GR
Tardieu (2nd time)
13 Dec 1930 - 27 Jan 1931 Théodore Steeg
(b. 1868 - d. 1950) RRRS
27 Jan 1931 - 20 Feb 1932 Pierre Laval (1st time)
(b. 1883 - d. 1945) BN
20 Feb 1932 - 3 Jun 1932 André Pierre Gabriel Amédée
(s.a.)
GR
Tardieu (3rd time)
3 Jun 1932 - 18 Dec 1932 Édouard Herriot (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Rad
18 Dec 1932 - 31 Jan 1933 Joseph Paul Boncour
(b. 1873 - d. 1972) SFIO
31 Jan 1933 - 26 Oct 1933 Édouard Daladier (1st time)
(b. 1884 - d. 1970) RRRS
26 Oct 1933 - 26 Nov 1933 Albert Pierre Sarraut (1st time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1962) RRRS
26 Nov 1933 - 30 Jan 1934 Camille Chautemps (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS
30 Jan 1934 - 9 Feb 1934 Édouard Daladier (2nd
time) (s.a.)
RRRS
9 Feb 1934 - 8 Nov 1934 Pierre Paul Henri Gaston
Doumergue (s.a.)
RRRS
(2nd time)
8 Nov 1934 - 1 Jun 1935 Pierre Étienne
Flandin
(b. 1889 - d. 1958) ARD
1 Jun 1935 - 7 Jun 1935 Fernand Bouisson
(b. 1874 - d. 1959) S Ind
7 Jun 1935 - 24 Jan 1936 Pierre Laval (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BN
24 Jan 1936 - 4 Jun 1936 Albert Pierre Sarraut (2nd
time) (s.a.)
RRRS
4 Jun 1936 - 22 Jun 1937 Léon André Blum
(1st time) (b. 1872 - d.
1950) SFIO/FP
22 Jun 1937 - 13 Mar 1938 Camille Chautemps (3rd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS/FP
13 Mar 1938 - 10 Apr 1938 Léon André Blum (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
SFIO/FP
10 Apr 1938 - 21 Mar 1940 Édouard Daladier (3rd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS
21 Mar 1940 - 16 Jun 1940 Paul Reynaud
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) ARD
16 Jun 1940 - 18 Apr 1942 Henri Philippe Pétain
(s.a.)
Mil
18 Apr 1942 - 17 Aug 1944 Pierre Laval (3rd time)
(s.a.)
BN
1 Oct 1944 - 9 May 1945 Fernand de Brinon (acting)
(b. 1885 - d. 1947) Non-party
(in Sigmaringen, Germany exile)
- Vice Premiers -
1 Jul 1940 - 13 Dec 1940 Pierre Laval
(s.a.)
BN
13 Dec 1940 - 9 Feb 1941 Pierre Étienne Flandin
(s.a.)
ARD
9 Feb 1941 - 18 Apr 1942 Jean François Darlan
(b. 1881 - d. 1942) Mil
Chairmen of the National Committee of the Free French
(in London; from 3 Jun 1943 in Algiers exile)
24 Sep 1941 - 3 Jun 1943 Charles de Gaulle (1st time)
(s.a.)
Mil
3 Jun 1943 - 9 Nov 1943 Charles de Gaulle (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
+ Henri Honoré Giraud
(b. 1879 - d. 1949) Mil
9 Nov 1943 - 3 Jun 1944 Charles de Gaulle (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
3 Jun 1944 - 26 Jan 1946 Charles de Gaulle
(s.a.)
Non-party
26 Jan 1946 - 24 Jun 1946 Félix Gouin
(b. 1884 - d. 1977) SFIO
24 Jun 1946 - 16 Dec 1946 Georges Bidault
(b. 1899 - d. 1983) MRP
16 Dec 1946 - 16 Jan 1947 Léon André Blum
(s.a.)
SFIO
Prime ministers²
22 Jan 1947 - 24 Nov 1947 Paul Ramadier
(b. 1888 - d. 1961) SFIO
24 Nov 1947 - 24 Jul 1948 Robert Schuman (1st time)
(b. 1886 - d. 1963) MRP
24 Jul 1948 - 2 Sep 1948 André Marie
(b. 1897 - d. 1974) RRRS
2 Sep 1948 - 11 Sep 1948 Robert Schuman (2nd time)
(s.a.)
MRP
11 Sep 1948 - 28 Oct 1949 Henri Queuille (1st time)
(b. 1884 - d. 1970) RRRS
28 Oct 1949 - 2 Jul 1950 Georges Bidault
(s.a.)
MRP
2 Jul 1950 - 12 Jul 1950 Henri Queuille (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS
12 Jul 1950 - 10 Mar 1951 René Pleven (1st time)
(b. 1901 - d. 1993) UDSR
10 Mar 1951 - 11 Aug 1951 Henri Queuille (3rd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS
11 Aug 1951 - 20 Jan 1952 René Pleven (2nd time)
(s.a.)
UDSR
20 Jan 1952 - 8 Mar 1952 Edgar Faure (1st time)
(b. 1908 - d. 1988) RRRS
8 Mar 1952 - 8 Jan 1953 Antoine Pinay
(b. 1891 - d. 1994) CNIP
8 Jan 1953 - 28 Jun 1953 René Mayer
(b. 1895 - d. 1972) Rad
28 Jun 1953 - 19 Jun 1954 Joseph Laniel
(b. 1889 - d. 1975) CNIP
19 Jun 1954 - 17 Feb 1955 Pierre Mendès-France
(b. 1907 - d. 1982) RRRS
17 Feb 1955 - 23 Feb 1955 Christian Pineau (acting)
(b. 1904 - d. 1995) RRRS
23 Feb 1955 - 1 Feb 1956 Edgar Faure (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRRS
1 Feb 1956 - 13 Jun 1957 Guy Mollet
(b. 1905 - d. 1975) SFIO
13 Jun 1957 - 6 Nov 1957 Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury
(b. 1914 - d. 1993) RRRS
6 Nov 1957 - 14 May 1958 Félix Gaillard
(b. 1919 - d. 1970) RRRS
14 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 Pierre Pflimlin
(b. 1907 - d. 2000) MRP
1 Jun 1958 - 8 Jan 1959 Charles de Gaulle
(s.a.)
UNR
8 Jan 1959 - 14 Apr 1962 Michel Debré
(b. 1912 - d. 1996) UNR
14 Apr 1962 - 10 Jul 1968 Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou
(s.a.)
UNR
10 Jul 1968 - 20 Jun 1969 Maurice Couve de Murville
(b. 1907 - d. 1999) UDR
20 Jun 1969 - 5 Apr 1973 Jacques Chaban-Delmas
(b. 1915 - d. 2000) UDR
5 Apr 1973 - 27 May 1974 Pierre Messmer
(b. 1916 - d. 2007) UDR
27 May 1974 - 26 Aug 1976 Jacques René Chirac (1st
time) (s.a.)
UDR
26 Aug 1976 - 21 May 1981 Raymond Barre
(b. 1924 - d. 2007) UDF
21 May 1981 - 17 Jul 1984 Pierre Mauroy
(b. 1928)
PS
17 Jul 1984 - 20 Mar 1986 Laurent Fabius
(b. 1946)
PS
20 Mar 1986 - 10 May 1988 Jacques René Chirac (2nd
time) (s.a.)
RPR
10 May 1988 - 15 May 1991 Michel Rocard
(b. 1930)
PS
15 May 1991 - 2 Apr 1992 Edith Campion Cresson (f)
(b. 1934)
PS
2 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy
(b. 1925 - d. 1993) PS
29
Mar 1993 - 18 May 1995 Édouard Balladur
(b. 1929)
RPR
18 May 1995 - 3 Jun 1997 Alain Marie Juppé
(b. 1945)
RPR
3 Jun 1997 - 6 May 2002 Lionel Jospin
(b. 1937)
PS
6 May 2002 - 31 May 2005 Jean-Pierre Raffarin
(b. 1948)
DL;2002 UMP
31 May 2005 - 17 May 2007 Dominique Galouzeau de Villepin
(b. 1953)
UMP
17 May 2007 - François-Charles Amand Fillon
(b. 1954)
UMP
Occupations
Commander of the Allied Occupation Army
Nov 1815 - 30 Nov 1818 Sir Arthur Wellesley,
(b. 1769 - d. 1852)
Viscount Wellesley of Talavera
and of Wellington (U.K.)
Prussian Commander
2 Sep 1870 - 25 Jun 1871 Helmuth Graf von Moltke
(b. 1800 - d. 1891)
Governor-general
Dec 1870 - 25 Jun 1871 Georg Friedrich
Alfred Graf von (b. 1818 - d. 1891)
Fabrice
Commander of the German Army of Occupation
25 Jun 1871 - 16 Sep 1873 Edwin von Manteuffel
(b. 1809 - d. 1885)
German army commanders of the First and Second: Northern part
of the front
24 Aug 1914 - 28 Mar 1915 Alexander von Kluck
(b. 1846 - d. 1934)
28 Mar 1915 - 17 Sep 1915 Maximilian von Fabeck
(b. 1854 - d. 1916)
27 Aug 1914 - 4 Apr 1915 Karl Wilhelm Paul von Bülow
(b. 1846 - d. 1921)
4 Apr 1915 - 19 Jul 1916 Friedrich von Below
(b. 1853 - d. 1918)
19 Jul 1916 - 28 Aug 1916 Maximilian von Gallwitz zu
Dreyling
(b. 1852 - d. 1937)
Commanders-in-chief of the First and Second German army groups
28 Aug 1916 - 21 Nov 1918 Rupprecht von Bayern
(b. 1869 - d. 1955)
6 Aug 1918 - 31 Oct 1918 Max von Böhn
(b. 1850 - d. 1921)
German army commanders of the Third thru Fifth and Seventh armies:
Central part of the front
Aug 1914 - 12 Sep 1914 Max Clemens Lothar
Freiherr
von Hausen
(b. 1846 - d. 1922)
12 Sep 1914 - 26 Sep 1915 Karl von Einem, gen. Rothmaler
(b. 1853 - d. 1934)
Aug 1914 - 26 Sep 1915 Albrecht Maria Alexander
Herzog
von Württemberg
(b. 1865 - d. 1939)
Aug 1914 - 26 Sep 1915 Friedrich Wilhelm
von Preussen (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
1914 - 26 Sep 1915
Josias Oskar von Heeringen
(b. 1850 - d. 1926)
Commanders-in-chief of the Third thru Fifth and Seventh German
army groups
26 Sep 1915 - 11 Sep 1918 Friedrich Wilhelm von Preussen
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1918 - 6 Dec 1918 Maximilian von Gallwitz
zu
Dreyling
(s.a.)
- Southern part of front line 1914-1918: no territorial gains,
only consisted of 6th army -
Military Governors for France (Frankreich)
10 May 1940 - 25 Oct 1940 Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther
(b. 1881 - d. 1948)
von Brauchitsch
9 Jun 1940 - 30 Jun 1940 Johannes Blaskowitz
(b. 1883 - d. 1948)
(military governor of Northern France)
30 Jun 1940 - 25 Oct 1940 Alfred Streccius
(b. 1874 - d. 1944)
(chief of military administration)
25 Oct 1940 - 20 Feb 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel
(b. 1878 - d. 1948)
20 Feb 1942 - 20 Jul 1944 Karl Heinrich von Stülpnagel
(b. 1886 - d. 1944)
21 Jul 1944 - 26 Aug 1944 Karl Kitzinger
(b. 1886 - d. 1962)
26 Aug 1944 - 4 Sep 1944 Otto Moritz Walter Model
(b. 1891 - d. 1945)
5 Sep 1944 - 9 Mar 1945 Karl Rudolf Gerd von
Runstedt (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
German Commanders of the Army Territory of Southern "Vichy" France (Südfrankreich)
11 Nov 1942 - 15 Dec 1942 Alexander Freiherr von Neubronn
(b. 1877 - d. 1949)
von Eisenburg
15 Dec 1942 - 10 Jun 1944 Heinrich Niehoff
(b. 1882 - d. 1946)
10 Jun 1944 - 30 Jul 1944 Theodor Geib
(b. 1885 - d. 1944)
1 Aug 1944 - 5 Aug 1944 Edgar Theissen
(b. 1894 - d. 1952)
Italian Commanders (4th Army) in the Italian Occupied Zone
(in eight departments west of the Rhone River)
Jun
1940
Alfredo Guzzoni
(b. 1877 - d. 1965)
Jun 1940 - Nov 1940 Mario
Vercellino (1st time) (b. 1879
- d. 1961)
Nov 1940 - May 1941 Mario
Caracciolo di Feroleto (b. 1880 - d.
1954)
May 1941 - 8 Sep 1943 Mario Vercellino
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Pas-de-Calais and Nord 1940 - 1944
Jun 1940
The départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais
occupied by Germany and attached to Belgian
military administration (see Belgium); but
nominally under the authority of "Vichy" France.
Sep 1944
Both departments are liberated by the allies
(Dunkirk liberated on 9 May 1945).
German Military Governors (Oberfeldkommandanten)
(subordinated to military governors of Beglium)
1940 - 1942
Heinrich Niehoff
(b. 1882 - d. 1946)
1942 - 1943
Wilhelm Daser
(b. 1884 - d. 1968)
1943 - 1944
George Bertram
(b. 1882 - d. 1953)
Regional Prefect of Lille
1941 - 1944
Fernand Carles
(b. 1886 - d. 1945)
Prefects of département du Nord
(from 1941 subordinated to regional prefect of Lille)
1936 - 1944
Fernand Carles
(s.a.)
Delegate
1941 - 1944
Henri Joseph Darrouy
(b. 1897 - d. 19..)
Prefects of département du Pas-de-Calais
(from 1941 subordinated to regional prefect of Lille)
1933 - 1940
Gabriël Auguste Léon Rochard
(b. 1880 - d. 1954)
1940 - 1942
Amédée Félix Bussière
(b. 1886 - d. 1953)
1942 - 1943
Jean Marcel Daugy
(b. 1894 - d. 1968)
1943 - 1944
André Paul Sadon
(b. 1891 - d. 1965)
1944
André Alexandre Pujes
(b. 1904 - d. 1976)
(a) 987 - 3 Aug 1108: Dei gracia Francorum Rex ("by the Grace of God, King of the Franks");
(b) 3 Aug 1108 - 2 Aug 1589: par la grâce de Dieu roi de France/Dei Gratia Francorum Rex
("by the grace of God, King of France");
(c) 2 Aug 1589 - 14 Sep 1791, 4 Jun 1814 - 19 Mar 1815, 22 Jun 1815 - 9 Aug 1830: par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre/Dei Gratia Francorum et Navarrae Rex ("by the grace of God, king of France and of Navarre");
(d) 14 Sep 1791 - 21 Sep 1792, 9 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848: par la grâce de Dieu, et par
la loi constitutionnelle de l'Etat, Roi des Français ("by the grace of God, and by the Constitutional Law of the State, King of the French");
(e) 18 May 1804 - 1 Jan 1809: par la grâce de Dieu et les constitutions de la République, Empereur des Français ("by the grace of God and the constitutions of the Republic, Emperor of the French");
Napoléon I was also styled: from 18 Mar 1805, Roi d'Italie (King of Italy); from 25 Jul 1806, Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin (Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine); and from 14 Oct 1809, Médiateur de la Confédération Suisse (Mediator of the Swiss Confederation);
(f) 14 Oct 1809 - 2 Apr 1814: par la grâce de Dieu et les constitutions, Empereur des Français, Roi d'Italie, Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin, Médiateur de la Confédération suisse, &c., &c., &c. ("by the grace of God and the constitutions of the Empire, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation, &c., &c., &c.:");
(g) 20 Mar 1815 - 7 Jul 1815: par la grâce de Dieu et les constitutions, Empereur des Français ("by the grace of God and the constitutions, Emperor of the French");
(h) 1 Dec 1851 - 2 Sep 1870: par la grâce de Dieu et la volonté nationale, Empereur des Français ("by the grace of God and the will of the nation, Emperor of the French").
²On 9 Apr 1794, Philibert Buchot (b. 1748 - d. 1812), acting for Herman, chaired the last official meeting of the Provisional Executive Council.
³The term prime minister (premier ministre) was only introduced in the constitution of the "Fifth Republic" that went into effect 8 Jan 1959. Previously the principal minister was called Président du Conseil des Ministres although (a) there was no such position mentioned in the constitution, and (b) the formal Conseil des Ministres was (as it continues to be) chaired by the president of the republic, the Président du Conseil chairing only the (technically informal) Conseil de cabinet.
About the French Revolutionary Calendar:
The French Republican calendar was imposed on France by Law on 5 Oct 1793.
Dates were calculated from the Autumn Equinox. 22 Sep 1792, which
became the first day of An I ("Year 1"). The standard year was split
into 12 thirty day months with five (or six) additional days (depending
on leap years). The thirty day months were named by the distinguished poet
Fabre d'Eglantine, each month having its own appropriate symbolism,
three months were assigned to each season:
The autumn months were named Vendémiaire
("month of vintage"), Brumaire ("month of fog, mist"), and Frimaire
("month of frost"); the winter months, Nivose ("month of snow"),
Pluviose
("month of rain"), and Ventose ("month of wind"); the spring months,
Germinal
("month of seed, budding"), Floréal ("month of blossoms"),
and Prairial ("month of meadow"); and the summer months, Messidor("month
of harvest"), Thermidor ("month of heat"), and Fructidor
("month of fruits"). Each of these months was subdivided into three décades
of ten days: Primidi, Duodi, Tridi, Quartidi, Qunintidi, Sextidi, Septidi,
Octidi, Nonidi, and Decadi the day of rest.
The five (or six) days remaining at the end of the
year were designated national holidays or san culottides: jour
de la vertu ("virtue day"), jour du génie ("genius day"),
jour
du labour ("labor day"), jour da la raison ("reason day"), jour
de la récompense ("reward day"), and jour de la révolution
("revolution day") on leap years.
For obvious reasons, the calendar was unwieldy, impractical,
and unpopular. Reforms were proposed, but instead Napoleon ordered the
reintroduction of the traditional Gregorian calendar on 1 Jan 1806, thus
condemning to death the Revolutionary calendar on 10 Nivose XIV.
Territorial Disputes: Madagascar claims Bassas
da India, Europa Island, Glorioso
Islands,
Juan de Nova Island; Comoros
claims
Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin
Island; Comoros and Madagascar dispute France's claim to Banc du Geyser, a drying
reef in the Mozambique Channel; Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New
Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu; territorial dispute between
Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; territorial
claim in Antarctica (Terre Adelie)
since 1924 is not recognized by United Nations, Russia, U.S. or most other
nations.
DL = Démocratie Libérale (Liberal Democracy, conservative, center-right, merged into UMP in 2002); Feu = Feuillants (pro-constitutional monarchy, 1791-1792); FP = Front Populaire ("Popular Front", leftist coalition, Socialist Party, Social and Republican Union, and Communist Party, 1936-39); Gir = Girondins (Girondists, moderate republican, federalist, 1791-1793); GR = Gauche Républicaine (Left Republican, pro-Republic); Mar = Marais ("Marsh", republican revolutionary moderate); Mod = Modérés (Moderate); Mon = Monarchiste (Monarchist);
M-O = Monarchiste Orléaniste (Oreanlist Monarchist, pro-Orleans dynasty); Mont = Montagae (Mountain or Montagnards, extremist republican, authoritarian, centralist);
Mont-D = Montagnards Dantonistes (Dantonists Montainers, partisans of Georges-Jacques Danton, [s.a.] moderate-wing of Montagnards, partisans of end of Terror, eliminated in Apr 1794);
-
-
![[German Empire 1870-1919 (Germany)]](de1871.gif)
- 10 May 1871 - 21 Nov 1918
-
- 1911 - Nov 1918 Local Flag
-
-
- 21 Aug 1870 - 10 May 1871 Occupied by Prussia/Germany.
10 May 1871
By Treaty of Frankfurt, Bas-Rhin département and parts of -
![[The French Royal Standard]](fr_roys.gif)
Aug 1792 - Apr 1795 First
Chouan rebellion (the "Chouannerie")
in Brittany, Normandy and Maine provinces north
of the Loire River.
11 Mar 1793 - 24 Apr 1794 Rebellion in the Vendée
region, part of Brittany
Poitou, and Anjou provinces south of the Loire River;
civil matters were handled by the "Grand Superior
Council
of Military Vendée"
24 Apr 1794
Rebellion declines in importance, but Stofflet remained
the major military chief until 2 May 1795.
24 Mar 1795 - Jul 1796 Second "Chouannerie"
25 Apr 1795 - 20 Jul 1795 French émigré forces
occupy Quiberon in Brittany.
2 Oct 1795 - 18 Nov 1795 French émigré
forces capture the Island of Yeu.
16 Oct 1799 - 15 Feb 1800 Third "Chouannerie"
Généralissimes of the Grand Catholic and
Royal Army
12 Jun 1793 - 19 Jul 1793 Jacques Cathelineau
(b. 1759 - d. 1793)
19 Jul 1793 - 17 Oct 1793 Marie Joseph Louis Gigost
(b. 1752 - d. 1794)
d'Elbée
20 Oct 1793 - 29 Jan 1792 Henri du Vergier de la
(b. 1772 - d. 1794)
Rochejacquelein
29 Jan 1794 - 22 Apr 1794 Jean Nicholas Stofflet
(b. 1751 - d. 1796)
(acting commander)
22 Apr 1794 - 24 Apr 1794 the chiefs of the Grand Army
Presidents of the Grand Superior Council of Military Vendée
26 May 1793 - 5 Jan 1794 Gabriel Pierre François
Jean (b. 1760 - d. 1794)
Guillot de Folleville
"évêque d'Agra" (honorary leader)
26 May 1793 - 8 Jan 1794 Guy Joseph de Donnissan, (b. 1737 - d. 1794)
marquis de Citran et de Donnissan
(also governor of the occupied lands)
Commander of the Army of Lower Poitou
(acted sometimes in alliance with Grand Army)
14 Mar 1793 - 17 Feb 1795 François Anathase Charette
de (b. 1763 - d. 1796)
la Contrie (1st time)
26 Jun 1795 - 25 Mar 1796 François Anathase Charette
de (s.a.)
la Contrie (2nd time)
Lieutenant general of the King (on Ile de Yeu)
2 Oct 1795 - 18 Nov 1795 Charles-Philippe de France,
(b. 1757 - d. 1836)
comte d'Artois
- the "Chouannerie":
Presidents of the General Council of Brittany
12 Aug 1794 - Sep 1794 Joseph Geneviève,
comte
(b. 1755 - d. 1827)
de Puisaye
Sep 1794 - 20 Apr 1795 Pierre Marie Félicité Dezoteux,
(b. 1753 - d. 1812)
baron de Cormatin (acting)
Commandants (at Quiberon)
25 Jun 1795 - 20 Jul 1795 Joseph Geneviève,
(s.a.)
comte de Puisaye
+ Louis Charles, comte d'Hervilly (b. 1756
- d. 1795)
General in chief of Morbihan (in southern Brittany)
Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1796 Georges Cadoudal
(1st time) (b. 1771 - d.
1804)
26 Oct 1799 - 12 Feb 1800 Georges Cadoudal (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(failed revolt 21 Aug 1803 - 9 Mar 1804)
Leader of the Revolt in Normandy
Jun 1795 - 6 Jul 1796 Louis de Frotté
(1st time) (b. 1755 - d.
1800)
16 Oct 1799 - 15 Feb 1800 Louis de Frotté (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Alsace-Lorraine
|
|
![[Elsass-Lothringen Reichsland flag 1911]](fr-al-up.gif) |
|
(Strasbourg) |
1, 915, 500 (1933) |
Haut-Rhin, Meurthe, Moselle, and Vosges ceded to Germany.
4 Aug 1879 Alsace-Lorraine a Reichsland (territory) of the German
Empire; directly subordinated to the Emperor.
31 May 1911 Limited autonomy granted.
11 Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Soviet of Strassburg proclaims itself independent as
Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.
11 Nov 1918 Alsace-Lorraine parliament (Landtag) proclaims itself
the National Council of Alsace-Lorraine and the sole
legal authority.
12 Nov 1918 National Council of Alsace-Lorraine takes over all
functions of the Statthalter and of the Secretary of
state and proclaimed the sovereignty of Alsace-Lorraine.
21 Nov 1918 Occupied by France.
22 Nov 1918 Retaken by France (fully reintegrated 1925).
15 Jun 1940 - 20 Mar 1945 Annexed by Germany.
Military governor-general
21 Aug 1870 - 31 Aug 1871 Friedrich Graf von Bismarck-Bohlen (b. 1818 - d. 1894)
Civil commissioner
26 Aug 1870 - 31 Aug 1871 Friedrich Christian Hubert von
(b. 1809 - d. 1882)
Kühlwetter
Oberpräsident
1 Sep 1871 - 30 Sep 1879 Eduard von Möller
(b. 1814 - d. 1880)
Reichsstatthalter
1 Oct 1879 - 17 Jun 1885 Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
(b. 1809 - d. 1885)
17 Jun 1885 - 5 Oct 1885 .... (acting)
5 Oct 1885 - 1894
Chlodwig Karl Viktor Fürst zu (b. 1819
- d. 1901)
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Oct 1894 - 31 Oct 1907 Hermann Ernst Franz
Fürst von (b. 1832 - d. 1913)
Hohenlohe-Langenburg und Graf
von Gleichen
1 Nov 1907 - 1914
Karl Leo Julius Graf von Wedel (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
1 May 1914 - 1918
Nikolaus Michael Louis Johann (b. 1855 -
d. 1919)
"Hans" von Dallwitz
14 Oct 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Rudolf Schwander
(b. 1868 - d. 1950)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Strassburg Soviet
11 Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Rebholz (in opposition)
Presidents of the Administrative Board of the National Council
12 Nov 1918 - Nov 1918 Eugen Ricklin (in opposition) (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Jacques Peirotes
(in opposition) (b. 1869 - d. 1935)
French High Commissioner
22 Nov 1918 - Mar 1919 Georges Maringer
General Commissioners
21 Mar 1919 - Jan 1920 Étienne Alexandre
Millerand (b. 1859 - d. 1943)
11 Feb 1920 - 20 Jul 1924 Gabriel Ferdinand
Alapetite (b. 1854 - d. 1932)
20 Jul 1924 - Jul 1925 Henri
Richard Cacaud (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1961)
Chief of civil administration in Alsace
7 Aug 1940 - 20 Mar 1945 Robert Wagner
(b. 1895 - d. 1946)
Chiefs of civil administration in Lorraine
7 Aug 1940 - 28 Sep 1944 Josef Bürckel
(b. 1895 - d. 1944)
29 Sep 1944 - 20 Mar 1945 Willi Stöhr
(b. 1903 - d. 1994)
Secretaries of state
1 Oct 1879 - Jul 1880 Karl Joseph
Benjamin Herzog (b. 1827 - d.
1902)
Oct 1880 - 1887
Karl Hofmann
(b. 1827 - d. 1910)
(from 29 Apr 1882, Karl von Hoffmann)
1887 - Jul 1901
Maximilian von Puttkamer
(b. 1831 - d. 1906)
(acting to 1889)
Jul 1901 - 1908
Ernst Matthias von Köller
(b. 1841 - d. 1928)
1908 - 1914
Hugo Freiherr Zorn von Bulach (b. 1851 -
d. 1921)
1914 - May 1916
Siegfried Friedrich Wilhelm (b.
1870 - d. 1954)
Erdmann Graf von Roedern
May 1916 - Oct 1918 Georg Freiherr
von Tschammer und (b. 1869 - d. 1918)
Quaritz
Oct 1918 - Nov 1918
Karl Hauss
(b. 1871 - d. 1925)
-
![[Papal flag before 1808]](fr-ctven.gif)
- 1274 - 12 Jun 1790
|
|
|
County of Toulouse.
12 Sep 1226 Avignon, formerly part of Toulouse, is conquered by France.
7 May 1251 Avignon made a common possession of counts Charles of Anjou
and Alphonse de Poitiers, brothers of French King Louis VIII.
25 Aug 1271 At the death of Alphonse de Poitiers, Avignon and
Comtat-Venaissin are united with the French crown.
1274 Comtat Venaissin becomes a Papal possession
(but not part of the Papal States).
1290 Avignon is ceded to the Duchy of Provence.
9 Mar 1309 - 13 Jan 1377 The Popes rule from Avignon, sometimes
called the "Babylonian Captivity of the Church."
9 Jun 1348 Avignon becomes a Papal possession.
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 French occupation.
24 May 1790 The States General of the Comtat, proclaims a
constitution, but remains loyal to the pope.
12 Jun 1790 Avignon assembly votes the end of Papal rule and
union of Avignon with France.
10 Jan 1791 - 14 Jun 1791 Civil war between Avignon and the Comtat. Several towns
of the Comtat now rally to Avignon (Châteauneuf-du-Pape,
Saint-Saturnin, and Cavaillon).
14 Sep 1791 Annexed by France (Avignon part of Bouches du Rhône département
and part of Comtat-Venaissain to Drôme département).
25 Jun 1793 Avignon and Comtat-Venaissain reintegrated along with
Orange to form département Vaucluse.
30 May 1814 Annexation recognized by the Pope.
Legats of Avignon
1433 - 13 Dec 1464
Pierre Cardinal de Foix
(b. 1386 - d. 1464)
13 Dec 1464 - 1472 Vacant
1472 - 1476
Charles Cardinal de Bourbon
(b. 1434 - d. 1488)
1476 - 1503
Giuliano Cardinal della Rovere (b. 1443 -
d. 1513)
1503 - 25 May 1510
Georges Cardinal d'Amboise
(b. 1460 - d. 1510)
1510 - 9 Nov 1513
Robert Britto Cardinal de Challand (d. 1513)
1513 - Feb 1541
François Guillaume Cardinal de (b.
1478 - d. 1541)
Castelnau-Clermont-Lodève
13 Mar 1541 - 13 Apr 1565 Alessandro Cardinal Farnèse
(b. 1520 - d. 1589)
13 Apr 1565 - 9 May 1590 Charles Cardinal Bourbon-Vendôme
(b. 1523 - d. 1590)
- jointly with -
13 Apr 1565 - 10 Jul 1585 Georges Cardinal d'Armagnac
(b. c.1501 - d. 1585)
9 May 1590 - 8 Feb 1593 Vacant
8 Feb 1593 - 1601
Ottavio Cardinal Acquaviva
(b. 1560 - d. 1612)
d'Aragona
1601 - 1607
Cinzio Cardinal Passeri
(b. 1551 - d. 1610)
Aldobrandini
4 Jul 1607 - 1621
Scipio Cardinal Caffarelli-Borghèse (b. 1576 - d. 1633)
1621 - 1623
Ludovico Cardinal Ludovisi
(b. 1595 - d. 1632)
2 Oct 1623 - 1633
Francesco Cardinal Barberini
(b. 1697 - d. 1679)
21 Mar 1633 - 1644
Antonio Cardinal Barberini
(b. 1607 - d. 1671)
12 Dec 1644 - 1650
Camillo Francesco Cardinal Pamphili (b. 1622 - d. 1666)
21 Feb 1650 - 1654
Camillo Cardinal Astalli-Pamphili (b. 1619 - d. 1663)
1654 - 1657
Vacant
23 Apr 1657 - 1668
Flavio Cardinal Chigi
(b. 1631 - d. 1693)
31 Jan 1668 - 1670
Giacomo Cardinal Rospigliosi
(b. 1628 - d. 1684)
19 May 1670 - 1677
Paluzzo Paluzzi degli Albertoni (b. 1623 - d. 1698)
1677 - 1690
Alderano Cardinal Cybo
(b. 1613 - d. 1700)
11 Jan 1690 - 7 Feb 1693 Pietro Cardinal Ottoboni
(b. 1667 - d. 1740)
Vice-legats of Avignon
10 Feb 1542 - 1544
Alessandro Campeggi
(b. 1504 - d. 1554)
1544 - 1547
Antonio Trivulce (Trivulzio)
(b. c.1514 - d. 1559)
1547 - 1552
Camillo Mentuato
1552 - 1554
Théodoro-Jean de Clermont-Tallard
1554 - 1559
Giacomo Maria de Sala
1560 - 1562
Alessandro Guidiccione
6 Feb 1652 - 1562
Lorenzo Lenzi
1565 - 1585
Vacant
1585 (months)
Guillaume Le Blanc (acting)
1585 - 1589
Dominico Grimaldi
1589 - 1592
Dominico Petrucci
30 Jan 1593 - Dec 1592 Giovanni Francesco
Bordini
(interim)
22 Aug 1592 - 1593
Silvio Savelli
(b. 1550 - d. 1599)
1594 - 1595
Antonio Gianotti
1595 - 1597
Vacant
Jan 1597 - Mar 1600 Giovanni
Francesco Bordini
11 Feb 1600 - 1604
Carlo Conti
12 Feb 1604 - 1607
Pietro Francesco Montorio
Jul 1607 - 1609
Giuseppe Ferrier (Ferreri)
1609 - 1610
Francesco Stefano Dulci
1610 - 14 Jun 1614
Filippo Filonardi
(b. 1582 - d. 1622)
1614 - 1621
Giovanni Francesco de Bagni
1621 - 1622
Guillaume du Nozet
1622 (1 month)
Ottavio Orsini
1622
Bartolomeo Guidotti
1623 - 1629
Cosimo Bardi
1629 - 1634
Mario Filonardi
24 Jul 1634 - 1637
Jules Mazarin
(s.a.)
1634 - 1636
Fabrice de la Bourdaisière
(acting for Mazarin)
1637 - 1645
Federico Sforza
(b. 1603 - d. 1676)
1637 - 16..
Fabrice de la Bourdaisière
(acting for Sforza)
1645
Bernardo Pinelli
31 Jul 1645 - 8 Oct 1653 Lorenzo Corsi
8 Oct 1653 - 5 Jun 1554 Dominico de Marinis (Marini)
5 Jun 1554 - 25 Dec 1655 Augustino Franciotti
23 Dec 1655 - 28 Jan 1659 Giovanni Niccolo Conti
29 Jan 1659 - 24 Sep 1664 Gaspare de Lascaris Castelar
24 Sep 1664 - 21 Aug 1665 Alessandro Colonna
20 Aug 1665 - 1670
Lorenzo Lomellini
12 Jul 1670 - 1670
Azzo Ariosto (1st time)
(acting)
19 Jul 1670 - 5 Apr 1671 Orazio Mattei
(b. 1621 - d. 1688)
1 Apr 1671 - 18 Aug 1671 Azzo Ariosto (2nd time)
(acting)
28 Aug 1671 - 26 Feb 1672 Pietro Bargellini
22 Feb 1672 - 28 Aug 1672 Azzo Ariosto (3rd time)
(acting)
28 Aug 1672 - 1673
Marcello Durazzo (acting)
(b. 1633 - d. 1710)
31 May 1673 - 20 Jul 1673 Giacinto Libelli (1st time)
(acting)
20 Jul 1673 - 17 Aug 1676 Carlo Anguisciola
(d. 1676)
17 Aug 1676 - 1677
Giacinto Libelli (2nd time)
(acting)
1677 - 1685
Francesco Niccolini
12 Dec 1685 - 31 Jul 1691 Baldasare Cenci
(b. 1648 - d. 1709)
31 Jul 1691 - 8 Apr 1692 Lozenzo Fieschi
(b. 1642 - d. 1726)
(1st time)(acting)
8 Apr 1692 - 26 Feb 1696 Daniele Marco Delfino
(b. 1653 - d. 1704)
1696
Lorenzo Fieschi
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
7 Jul 1696 - 26 Jul 1700 Filippo Antonio Gualteri
(b. 1660 - d. 1728)
26 Jul 1700 - 10 Aug 1700 Giovanni Battista Cicci (acting)
19 Aug 1700 - 31 May 1703 Antoine François Sanvitali
(b. 1660 - d. 1714)
31 May 1703 - 8 Aug 1706 Antoine Banchieri
(b. 1667 - d. 1733)
8 Aug 1706 - 4 Nov 1706 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(1st time)(acting)
4 Nov 1706 - 12 Nov 1711 Sinibaldo Doria
(b. 1664 - d. 1733)
1711 - 1717
Alamanno Salviati
(b. 1669 - d. 1733)
10 Oct 1716 - 1719
Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(2nd time)(acting)
20 May 1719 - 7 Mar 1731 Rainiero d'Elci
(b. 1670 - d. 1761)
1731
Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(3rd time)
11 Sep 1731 - 8 Oct 1739 Philippe Buondelmonte
(b. 1691 - d. 1741)
8 Oct 1739 - 18 Nov 1739 Marcel Crescenzi
(b. 1694 - d.
1768)
1739 - 8 Jun 1744
Nicolò Maria Cardinal Lercari (b.
1675 - d. 1757)
1744 - 18 Jul 1754
Pasquale d'Acquaviva d'Aragon (b. 1718 - d. 1788)
1754 - 16 Feb 1760
Paolo Passionei
1760 - 1766
Grégoire Antoine Marie Salviati (b. 1727 - d. 1794)
1766 - 1767
François Marie de Manzi (1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1774)
1767 - 9 Jun 1768 Joseph Vincentini
French Governor
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 Jean Louis Roger, marquis de (b. 1717 - d. 1777)
Rochechouart
Vice-legats of Avignon
1774 François Marie de Manzi (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 May 1775 - 1776
Ange Marie Durini
(b. 1725 - d. 1796)
13 Jun 1776 - 6 Aug 1776 G. Carlo Vincenzo Giovio (acting)
6 Aug 1776 - 1787
Giacomo Filomarino della Rocca
1787 - 12 Jun 1790 Philippe Casoni
(b. 1733 - d. 1811)
Maires of Avignon
Feb 1790 - Mar 1790 Jean-Baptiste
d'Armand
Mar 1790 - 14 Sep 1791 Antoine Agricol
Richard
(since 14? Mar 1790)
Rectors of Comtat Venaissin
1274 - c.1284
Guillaume de Villaret
1287 - 1289
Henri de Ganève
1290 - 129.
Philippe de Brenizon
129. - c.1295
Jean de Grallin
1297 - 1299
Nicolò de'Franzesi
1299 - 1302
Matteo de Chieti
1302 - 1303
Roger de Spini
1302 - 1303
Jean Arthenisii
1303 - 1310
Guillaume de Mandagout
1310 - 1317
Raymond Guilhem
1317 - 1334
Arnaud de Trian
1335 - 1341
Pierre Guilhem
1342 - 1343
Jean Arpadelle
1344 - 1353
Hugues de la Roque
1353 - 1362
Guillaume de Roffiac
1362 - 1370
Philippe de Cabassole
1370 - 1371
Étienne Aubert
1372 - 1376
Aymar de Poitiers
1376 - 1379
Guillaume de Beaufort
1379 - 1390
Henri de Sévery
1390 - 1392
Eudes de Villars
1393 - 1394
Pons de Langeac
1395 - 1397
Gaston de Moncada
1397 - 1398
Antonio de Luna (1st time)
1399 - 1400
Giovanni de Alzenno
1401 - 1402
Pons de Langeac
1403 - 1408
Antonio de Luna (2nd time)
1408 - 1410
Rodrigo de Luna
1410 - 1422
Jean de Poitiers
1424 -
Giacomo de Complo
1424 - 1431
Pietro Cottini
1432
Marco Condolmerio
1432 - 1433
Onifrio Francesco de San Severino
1433
Jean de Poitiers
1433 - 1459
Roger de Foix de Castelbon
1459 - 1460
Angelo Geraldini (acting)
1460 - 1472
Constantino Heruli
1473
Jean Baile
1474
Frédéric de Saluces
1475
Edouard de Messey
1475 - 1476
Reinaud de Bourbon
1476 - 1478
Angelo Geraldini
1478 - 1479
Giovanni Rosa
1479 - 1482
Amalric de Vaison
1482
Giovanni Casaleti
1482
Rodolfo Bonicafio
1483 - 1485
Guillaume Adhémar
1485 - 1490
Constantino Heruli
1490 - 1495
Giovanni Andrea Grimaldi
1495 - 1502
Clemens de la Rovère
1502 - 1503
Galeotto Franciotti
1503 - 1505
Louis de Rochechouart
1505 - 1509
François d'Estaing
1510 - 1511
Angelo Leonini
1511 - 1513
Jean de Montaigu
1513 - 1514
Pietro de Valetariis
1514
François de Villeneuve
1515
Pierre de Brie
1516 - 1541
Gisard de Corneillan
1541 - 1547
Paul Sadolet (1st time)
1547 - 1553
Andrea Recuperati
1553 - 1554
Giacomo Maria Sala
1554 - 1555
Antonio Vacca
1555
Antonio Paulo Toscomi
1555 - 1560
François de Castellane
1560 - 1561
Paul Sadolet (2nd time)
1561 - 1565
Laurent de Tarascon
1565 - 1566
Pietro Sabbatier
1566
François de Castellane
1566 - 1567
Jean de Roquelaure
1567 - 1572
Paul Sadolet
1572
Gaspard du Pont
1572 - 1577
Jacques Sacrat
1577 - 1584
Dominico Grimaldi
1584 - 1586
Pompeo Rocchi
1586 - 1587
Francesco Argolici
1588 - 1593
Jacques Sacrat
1593
Guillaume de Cheisolme
1593 - 1594
Achille Gimnasi
1594 - 1598
Geronimo Leopardi
1598 - 1600
Hoarcio Capponi (1st time)
1600 - 1605
Jean de Tulle
1605 - 1607
Giacomo Raccamador
1607 - 1609
Horacio Capponi (2nd time)
1609 - 1614
Baldassarre Gaddi
1614 - 1615
Como Bardi (1st time)
1615 - 1616
Ottavio Mancini
1616 - 1621
Como Bardi (2nd time)
1621 - 1627
Cesare Racagna
1627
Antonio Brunacchi
1627
Francisco de Suarès
1627 - 1630
Perso Caraccio
1630 - 1637
Giovanni Battista Bongo
1637 - 1643
Giovanni Como Keermans (1st time)
1643 - 1644
Guidobaldo Gallo
1644 - 1652
Giovanni Como Keermans (2nd time)
1652 - 1657
Mario Buti
1657 - 1664
Cesare Salvani
1664 - 1672
Farulfe de Montemarte
1672 - 1682
Miquele Antonio de Vibo
1682 - 1689
Giovanni Raszoni
1689 - 1696
Filippo Onofrii
1696 - 1697
Scipio Zanelli
1698 - 1702
Flavio Barbarossa
1702 - 1707
Francesco Maria Abbati (1st time)
1707 - 1711
Bernardino Giunigi
1711
Carlo Francesco Gallarini
1711 - 1712
Francesco Maria Abbati (2nd time)
1712 - 1716
Alessandro Francesco Codebo
1716 - 1733
Ottavio Gasparini
1733 - 1738
Azzolini Cervini
1738 - 1745
Alessandro Guiccioli
1745
Domenico Giuseppe Inguiberti
(b. 1683 - d. 1757)
1745 - 1753
Gaspard de Sainte-Croix
1753 - 1755
Tomasso Galli
1755 - 1758
Fortunato Savini
1758 - 9 Jun 1768
Carlo Manzoni
1774 - 1776
Deniso Francesco Régis Valoris
1776 - 1785
Giulio César Zollio
1785 - 1787
Giuseppe Beni
1787 - 1790
Cristoforo Pieracchi
(b. 1741 - d. 1797)
Vice-legat
12 Jun 1790 - 14 Sep 1791 Filippo Casoni
(s.a.)
Corsica (Corse): see under France Regions
Lorraine and Bar: see Provinces of France to 1791
Mömpelgard (Montbéliard)
-
![[County of Montbeliard pre-1793 (Germany)]](de-mb_hi.gif)
- to 11 Oct 1793
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1034 County of Mömpelgard (Montbéliard)(Grafschaft Mömpelgard).
2 Jul 1419 Passed to Württemberg.
1 May 1534 - 1535 Occupied by France.
1617 - 25 Mar 1723 Principality of Mömpelgard, under a collateral branch
of Württemberg.
1676 - 1697 Occupied by France.
25 Mar 1723 Passed to Württemberg (style Herzog von Württemberg
und Graf von Mömpelgard).
10 May 1748 Under French sovereignty, but continues to be administered
by Württemberg.
11 Nov 1793 Montbéliard (Mömpelgard) annexed by France;
part of département of Haute-Saône.
9 Feb 1801 Annexation recognized by Treaty of Lunéville.
Counts (title: Graf zu Mömpelgard)
1697 - 1 Jun 1699
Georg
(b. 1626 - d. 1699)
1 Jun 1699 - 25 Mar 1723 Leopold Eberhard
(b. 1670 - d. 1723)
25 Mar 1723 - 31 Oct 1733 Eberhard Ludwig
(b. 1676 - d. 1733)
31 Oct 1733 - 12 Mar 1737 Karl Alexander
(b. 1684 - d. 1737)
12 Mar 1737 - 11 Nov 1793 Karl Eugen
(b. 1728 - d. 1793)
(nominally from 10 May 1748)
French Governors
1
May 1534 - 1535?
Philippe Chabot
(d. 1543)
c.1692
de Landsberg
Governors (Statthalter)
1723 - 1733 Friedrich-Wilhelm, graf von (b. 1666 - d. 1755)
Grävenitz
1733 - c.1734 von Negendanck
1736
- 1748 Arnold Franz
de Tornaco
(d. 1766)
1748 - 1756 Reinhard
von Gemmingen-Guttenberg (b. 1698 - d. 1773)
1756 - 1759 ....
1759 - 3 Jan 1760 Carl
Georg August von Oppel (d. 1760)
1760 - 1768 ....
1768 - 1769?
Georg Friedrich von Uexküll
(d. 1801)
1769 - 11 Nov 1793
Friedrich Eugen Herzog von (b. 1732 - d. 1797)
Württemberg (officially from 1786)
Mülhausen (Mulhouse)
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![[Mülhausen (Mulhouse) city flag]](de_mulh1.gif)
![[Republic of Mulhouse 1798 (Germany)]](de_mulh2.gif)
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1293 Free city status confirmed.
19 Jan 1515 Mülhausen an associate member (Zugewandter Ort) of
the Swiss Confederation.
24 Oct 1648 Recognized by France as part of the Swiss Confederation.
28 Jan 1798 Requests annexation to France.
15 Mar 1798 Incorporated into France (part of département Haut-Rhin).
9 Feb 1801 Formally ceded to France (afterwards follows Alsace-Lorraine).
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- 1st Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Gottfridt Engelman (4th time)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Hans Görg Hässler (1st
time)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Josua Fürstenberger (1st time)
(b. 1646 - d. 1732)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Gottfridt Engelman (5th time)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Niclaus Rissler (1st time)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Josua Fürstenberger (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Gottfridt Engelman (6th time)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Niclaus Rissler (2nd time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Josua Fürstenberger (3rd time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Gottfridt Engelman (7th time)
19 Dec 1709 - 18 Dec 1710 Niclaus Rissler (3rd time)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Josua Fürstenberger (4th time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Gottfridt Engelman (8th time)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Johannes Dollfus (1st time)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Josua Fürstenberger (5th time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Gottfridt Engelman (9th time)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Johannes Dollfus (2nd time)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Josua Fürstenberger (6th time)
(s.a.)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Gottfridt Engelman (10th time)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Johannes Hofer (1st time)
21 Dec 1719 - 19 Dec 1720 Josua Fürstenberger (7th time)
(s.a.)
19 Dec 1720 - 18 Dec 1721 Thiebold Schmerber (1st time)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Johannes Hofer (2nd time)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Josua Fürstenberger (8th time)
(s.a.)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Thiebold Schmerber (2nd time)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Johannes Hofer (3rd time)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Josua Fürstenberger (9th time)
(s.a.)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Thiebold Schmerber (3rd time)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Johannes Hofer (4th time)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Josua Fürstenberger (10th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Johannes Hofer (5th time)
20 Dec 1731 - 8 Feb 1732 Josua Fürstenberger (11th
time) (s.a.)
8 Feb 1732 - 18 Dec 1732 .... (acting)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Johannes Hofer (6th time)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Paulus Schwartz
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (3rd time)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Johannes Hofer (7th time)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (1st time)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Johannes Hofer (8th time)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (2nd time)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (5th time)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Johannes Hofer (9th time)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (3rd time)
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Philip Jacob Freiss
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Johannes Hofer (10th time)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (4th time)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Hans Michel Hartmann (1st time)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Johannes Hofer (10th time)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Sebastian Spörlin (1st time)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Hans Michel Hartmann (2nd time)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(b. 1697 - d. 1781)
(1st time)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Sebastian Spörlin (2nd time)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(1st time)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Johannes Hofer "die Junger"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Sebastian Spörlin (3rd time)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Sebastian Spörlin (4th time)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(4th time)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Josua Rissler (1st time)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(4th time)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(5th time)
20 Dec 1764 - 20 Dec 1764 Josua Rissler (2nd time)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(5th time)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Josua Rissler (3rd time)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(7th time)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Josua Rissler (4th time)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Johannes Hofer "die Junger"
(s.a.)
(8th time)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Josua Rissler (5th time)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Johannes Hofer "die Junger"
(s.a.)
(9th time)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Josua Rissler (6th time)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(10th time)
23 Dec 1779 - 21 Dec 1780 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(1st time)
21 Dec 1780 - 20 Dec 1781 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(1st time)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Johannes Dollfuss (1st time)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(2nd time)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1784 - 23 Dec 1785 Johannes Dollfuss (2nd time)
23 Dec 1785 - 21 Dec 1786 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(3rd time)
21 Dec 1786 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(3rd time)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Dollfuss (3rd time)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(4th time)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(4th time)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Dollfuss (4th time)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(5th time)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Paulus Blech (1st time)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Johannes Dollfuss (5th time)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(6th time)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Paulus Blech (2nd time)
22 Dec 1796 - 21 Dec 1797 Johannes Dollfuss (6th time)
21 Dec 1797 - 1798
Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(7th time)
- 2nd Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Hans Görg Hässler (2nd
time)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Josua Fürstenberger (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Gottfridt Engelman (5th time)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Hans Görg Hässler (3rd
time)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Josua Fürstenberger (3rd time)
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Gottfridt Engelman (6th time)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Niclaus Rissler (1st time)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Josua Fürstenberger (4th time)
(s.a.)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Gottfridt Engelman (7th time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Niclaus Rissler (2nd time)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Josua Fürstenberger (5th time)
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Gottfridt Engelman (8th time)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Johannes Dollfus (1st time)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Josua Fürstenberger (6th time)
(s.a.)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Gottfridt Engelman (9th time)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Johannes Dollfus (2nd time)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Josua Fürstenberger (7th time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Gottfridt Engelman (10th time)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Johannes Hofer (1st time)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Josua Fürstenberger (8th time)
(s.a.)
21 Dec 1719 - 18 Dec 1721 Johannes Hofer (2nd time)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Josua Fürstenberger (9th time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Thiebold Schmerber (1st time)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Johannes Hofer (3rd time)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Josua Fürstenberger (10th
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Thiebold Schmerber (2nd time)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Johannes Hofer (4th time)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Josua Fürstenberger (11th
time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Johannes Hofer (5th time)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Josua Fürstenberger (12th
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1731 - 18 Dec 1732 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Johannes Hofer (6th time)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Paulus Schwartz (1st time)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (3rd time)
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Johannes Hofer (7th time)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Paulus Schwartz (2nd time)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Johannes Hofer (8th time)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (1st time)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (5th time)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Johannes Hofer (9th time)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (2nd time)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Philip Jacob Freiss
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Johannes Hofer (10th time)
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (3rd time)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Hans Michel Hartmann (1st time)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Johannes Hofer (11th time)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Sebastian Spörlin (1st time)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Hans Michel Hartmann (2nd time)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Johannes Hofer (12th time)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Sebastian Spörlin (2nd time)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Hans Michel Hartmann (3rd time)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(1st time)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Sebastian Spörlin (3rd time)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(1st time)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Sebastian Spörlin (4th time)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(2nd time)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Josua Rissler (1st time)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(4th time)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Josua Rissler (2nd time)
20 Dec 1764 - 19 Dec 1765 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(4th time)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(5th time)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Josua Rissler (3rd time)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(6th time)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Josua Rissler (4th time)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(7th time)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Josua Rissler (4th time)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Friedrich Cornetz (3rd time)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(8th time)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Josua Rissler (5th time)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(9th time)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(1st time)
23 Dec 1779 - 21 Dec 1780 Friedrich Cornetz (5th time)
21 Dec 1780 - 30 Oct 1781 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(10th time)
30 Oct 1781 - 20 Dec 1781 .... (acting)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(2nd time)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(1st time)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Dollfuss (1st time)
23 Dec 1784 - 23 Dec 1785 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1785 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Dollfuss (2nd time)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(4th time)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(2nd time)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Dollfuss (3rd time)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(5th time)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Paulus Blech (1st time)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Johannes Dollfuss (4th time)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(6th time)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Paulus Blech (2nd time)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Johannes Dollfuss (5th time)
22 Dec 1796 - 21 Dec 1797 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(7th time)
21 Dec 1797 - 1798
Johannes Dollfuss (6th time)
- 3rd Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Josua Fürstenberger (1st time)
(s.a.)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Gottfridt Engelman (2nd time)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Hans Görg Hässler (3rd
time)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Josua Fürstenberger (2nd time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Gottfridt Engelman (3rd time)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Niclaus Rissler (1st time)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Josua Fürstenberger (3rd time)
(s.a.)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Gottfridt Engelman (4th time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Niclaus Rissler (2nd time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Josua Fürstenberger (4th time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Gottfridt Engelman (5th time)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Johannes Dollfus (1st time)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Josua Fürstenberger (5th time)
(s.a.)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Gottfridt Engelman (6th time)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Johannes Dollfus (2nd time)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Josua Fürstenberger (6th time)
(s.a.)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Gottfridt Engelman (7th time)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Johannes Hofer (1st time)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Josua Fürstenberger (7th time)
(s.a.)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Gottfridt Engelman (8th time)
21 Dec 1719 - 19 Dec 1720 Thiebold Schmerber (1st time)
19 Dec 1720 - 18 Dec 1721 Josua Fürstenberger (8th time)
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Thiebold Schmerber (2nd time)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Johannes Hofer (2nd time)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Josua Fürstenberger (9th time)
(s.a.)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Thiebold Schmerber (3rdd time)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Johannes Hofer (3rd time)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Josua Fürstenberger (10th
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Johannes Hofer (4th time)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Josua Fürstenberger (11th
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
20 Dec 1731 - 18 Dec 1732 Johannes Hofer (5th time)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Paulus Schwartz (1st time)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Johannes Hofer (6th time)
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Paulus Schwartz (2nd time)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (3rd time)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Johannes Hofer (7th time)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (1st time)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Wolf Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Johannes Hofer (8th time)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (2nd time)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Philip Jacob Friess (1st time)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Johannes Hofer (9th time)
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Hans Heinrich Dolfuss (3rd time)
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Philip Jacob Friess (2nd time)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Johannes Hofer (10th time)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Sebastian Spörlin (1st time)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Hans Michel Hartmann (1st time)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(1st time)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Sebastian Spörlin (2nd time)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Hans Michel Hartmann (2nd time)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Sebastian Spörlin (3rd time)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(1st time)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Sebastian Spörlin (4th time)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(2nd time)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(4th time)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Sebastian Spörlin (5th time)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(3rd time)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(5th time)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Jacob Rissler (1st time)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Niclaus Heylmann zum Engel
(4th time)
20 Dec 1764 - 19 Dec 1765 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(6th time)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Jacob Rissler (2nd time)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Friedrich Cornetz (1st time)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(7th time)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Jacob Rissler (3rd time)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Friedrich Cornetz (2nd time)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(8th time)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Jacob Rissler (4th time)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Friedrich Cornetz (3rd time)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(9th time)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Jacob Rissler (5th time)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Friedrich Cornetz (4th time)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(10th time)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Jacob Rissler (6th time)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Friedrich Cornetz (5th time)
23 Dec 1779 - 30 Oct 1780 Johannes Hofer "der Jüngere"
(s.a.)
(11th time)
30 Oct 1780 - 21 Dec 1780 .... (acting)
21 Dec 1780 - 20 Dec 1781 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(1st time)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Jhannes Michael Spörlein
(1st time)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Dollfuss (1st time)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1784 - 21 Dec 1786 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(2nd time)
21 Dec 1786 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(3rd time)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Dollfuss (2nd time)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(4th time)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Michael Spörlein
(4th time)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Johannes Dollfuss (5th time)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(5th time)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Paulus Blech (1st time)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Johannes Dollfuss (6th time)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Johannes Heinrich Dollfuss
(6th time)
22 Dec 1796 - 1798
Johannes Hofer
President of the Municipality
1798 - Dec 1800
Pierre Thierry
Mayor
21 Dec 1800 - 9 Feb 1801 Jean-Michel Hofer
(contuines after annexation to May 1807)
Paris Commune
![[Paris Commune Flag 1871]](om-old.gif)
30 Mar 1871 - 28 May 1871
|
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"La Marseillaise" | Commune Manifesto (19 Apr 1871) |
|
26 Mar 1871
Municipal council composed of workers and soldiers elected.
28 Mar 1871
("Second") Commune of Paris proclaimed in rebellion
against the French government.
7 Apr 1871
French army captures the Seine crossing at Neuilly.
3 May 1871
French government begins conquest of Communard areas.
9 May 1871
Fort Issay captured by French army.
28 May 1871
Commune extinguished.
Presidents of the Commune (in rebellion)
18 Mar 1871 - 28 Mar 1871 Central Committee of the Republican
Federation of the National Guard
28 Mar 1871
Charles Beslay (acting)
(b. 1795 - d. 1878) Int
29 Mar 1871
Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais
(b. 1826 - d. 1901)
29 Mar 1871 - 20 Apr 1871 Executive Commission
- Émile Désiré François
Eudes (b. 1843 - d.
1888) Bla
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Émile Victor Duval
(b. 1841 - d. 1871) Bla/Int
(to 4 Apr 1871)
- Jules Henri Marius Bergeret
(b. 1830 - d. 1905)
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Edmé Marie Gustave Tridon
(b. 1841 - d. 1871) Bla
- Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais
(s.a.)
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Félix Pyat
(b. 1810 - d. 1889) Int
- Édouard Vaillant
(b. 1840 - d. 1915) SR/Int
- Frédéric Étienne Cournet
(b. 1839 - d. 1885)
(from 3 Apr 1871)
- Charles Delescluze
(b. 1809 - d. 1871) Jac
(from 4 Apr 1871)
- Augustin Germain Avrial
(b. 1840 - d. 1904)
(from 10 Apr 1871)
- Auguste Jean Marie Vermorel
(b. 1841 - d. 1871)
(from Apr 1871)
20 Apr 1871 - 1 May 1871 Executive Commission
- Gustave Paul Cluseret
(b. 1823 - d. 1900) Int
- François Jourde, dit Francis
(b. 1843 - d. 1893)
Jourde
- Auguste Vincent Viard
(b. 1836 - d. 1892)
- Jean François Paschal Grousset
(b. 1844 - d. 1909)
- Leó Fränkel
(b. 1844 - d. 1896) SR/Int
- Eugène Protot
(b. 1839 - d. 1921) Bla
- Jules Andrieu
(b. 1820 - d. 1884) Int
- Édouard Vaillant
(s.a.)
- Raoul Rigault
(b. 1846 - d. 1871) Bla
(to 24 Apr 1871)
- Frédéric Étienne Cournet
(s.a.)
(from 24 Apr 1871)
1 May 1871 - 25 May 1871 Committee of Public Welfare
- Gabriel Ranvier
(b. 1828 - d. 1879) Bla
- Antoine Arnaud
(b. 1831 - d. 1885) Int
- Léon Meillet, dit Léo Meillet
(b. 1843 - d. 1909) SR/Int
(to 9 May 1871 and from 17 May 1871)
- Félix Pyat
(s.a.)
Int
(to 9 May 1871)
- Charles Gérardin
(b. 1843 - d. 1921)
(to 9 May 1871)
- Louis Charles Delescluze
(s.a.)
Jac
(9-12 May 1871)
- Charles Ferdinand Gambon
(b. 1820 - d. 1887) SR
(from 9 May 1871)
- Émile Désiré François
Eudes (s.a.)
Bla
(from 9 May 1871)
- Alfred Édouard Billioray
(b. 1841 - d. 1876)
(from 12 May 1871)
- Simon Dereure
(b. 1838 - d. 1900) Int
(from 17 May 1871)
- Jules Johannard
(b. 1843 - d. 1892) Int
(from 17 May 1871)
25 May 1871 - 28 May 1871 Eugène Varlin
(b. 1839 - d. 1871) Mil
(head of the Central Committee of National Guard)
Party/faction abbreviations: Bla = Blanquistes (partisans
of Louis-Auguste Blanqui [b. 1805 - d. 1881], extreme-left);
Int =
Internationale ([first] International, Karl Marx's socialist organization, 1864-1876);
Jac
= Jacobins (leftist republican); SR = Socialistes Révolutionnaires
(Revolutionary Socialists)
©2000 Ben Cahoon