Italian states before 1861  A-N

            Dec 1805 - Mar 1814

571                        Duchy of Benevento
774                        Principality of Benevento
891 - 895                  Byzantine rule.
1077 - 1418                Part of the Papal State.
1418 - 1458                Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1458                       Part of the Papal State.
1497 - 14 Jun 1497         Duchy under Giovanni Borgia duca de
                             Gandia (b. 1474 - d. 1497).
14 Jun 1497                Part of the Papal State.
1761 - 1774                Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1798 - 21 May 1799         Part of the Roman Republic.
1799 - 1802                Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
 5 Jun 1806                Principality of Benevento (Bénévent), under French rule.
Mar 1814 - 1815            Occupied by Austria and Naples. 
 9 Jun 1815                Restored to the Papal State.
 3 Sep 1860 - 21 Sep 1860  Provisional Government in name of the King of Sardinia.
25 Oct 1860                Annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia.

796                        Bishopric of Seben
1027                       Bishopric of Brixen (Hochstift Brixen)
1179                       Bishops of Brixen also Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
 9 Mar 1801                Secularized and annexed to Austria (part of crownland
                             of Carniola).
25 Dec 1805                Annexed to Bavaria.
30 May 1814                Restored into Austria.
 3 Nov 1918                Annexed to Italy.

Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Brixen)
15 Nov 1685 -  3 Apr 1702  Johann Franz Reichsgraf von Khuen zu    (b. 1649 - d. 1702)
                             Liechtenberg (ordained 29 Jun 1687)
 8 Jun 1702 -  2 Jul 1747  Kaspar Ignaz Freiherr von Künigle       (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
                             zu Ehrenburg (ordained 24 Jun 1703)
18 Oct 1747 - 31 Dec 1778  Leopold Maria Joseph Graf von Spaur     (b. 1696 - d. 1778)
31 Dec 1778 -  2 Mar 1779  Ignaz Franz Reichsgraf von Spaur        (b. 1729 - d. 1779)
26 May 1779 - 26 May 1791  Joseph Philipp Reichsgraf von Spaur     (b. 1718 - d. 1791)
16 Aug 1791 -  9 Mar 1801  Franz Karl Graf von Lodron              (b. 1748 - d. 1828)
                             (ordained 25 Mar 1792)

Map of Elba

Currency: 1737-1801 Italian States Lira (XITL)

Capital: Portoferraio

Population: N/A

 

1016                       Part of Republic of Pisa.

1290 - 1311                Occupied by Genoa.

1399                       Sold by Pisa to the Visconti of Milan, who allow the Appiani

                             dynasty to rule as Lords over Elba and Poimbino.

1501 - 1503                Occupied by Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino. 

Jun 1544                   Island attacked and stormed by Turks under Barbarossa.

Apr 1548                   Emperor Charles V sells the part of Elba which overlooks

                             the Gulf of Feraia (Portoferraio) to Florence (Tuscany).

29 May 1557                Elba partioned into three parts: Florentine possession of

                             Portoferraio confirmed, the Appiani dynasty is confirmed as 

                             Lords of Piombino and Elba in the interior; Spain granted 

                             rights to fortify "other Elban ports" as part of the

                             Stato dei Presidi, which are subordinated to the Spanish
                             Viceroy in the Kingdom of "Sicily" (Naples).

 8 May 1602                Spain occupies Longone (Porto Azzuro) to establish a fort in

                             accordance with 1557 Treaty of London.

30 Oct 1646 - 15 Jul 1650  Porto Longone occupied by France.

 7 Mar 1714                Suzerainty over the Spanish forts at Longone granted to Naples.

 3 Oct 1735                Former Spanish forts ceded to Kingdom of "Sicily" (Naples).

 9 Jul 1796 - Jan 1797     British occupation.

29 Mar 1799 - 17 Jul 1799  French occupation, except the Neapolitan forts.

28 Mar 1801                Poimbino and Neapolitan forts are ceded to France. 

25 Mar 1802                Remaining (Tuscan) fort on Elba is ceded to France

                             (the fort continue to resist until 4 Jun 1802). 

 3 Aug 1801                Part of the Kingdom of Etruria (Tuscany). 

 2 Aug 1802                Annexed to France as département Elba.

18 Mar 1805                Napoléon names Felice Baciocchi, husband of his sister Elisa,

                             prince of Elba.

 3 Mar 1809                Attached to Government-general of Tuscany.

1811                       Part of Méditerranée département.

19 Apr 1814                Sovereign Principality of Elba, under the exiled Emperor

                             Napoléon I (includes Capraja, Gorgona, and Montecristo islands).

26 Feb 1815                Napoléon abandons Elba for France beginning the "100 days.".

25 Mar 1815                The Allies declare end to Napoleon's sovereignty over Elba.

31 Mar 1815                Ceded to Tuscany by Congress of Vienna, occupied 30 Jul 1815.

13 Oct 1815                Formally incorporated into Tuscany.

22 Mar 1860                Part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. 

16 Sep 1943 - 17 Jun 1944  German occupation.

Lords
29 May 1557 - 28 Mar 1801  the princes of Piombino
Governors of the Tuscan forts at Portoferraia
1550 - 1553                Francesco Da Montauto
1553 - 1537                Angiolo Guicciardini
1537 - 1539                Domenico Attavanti
1539 - 1563                Baldinaccio Martellini
1563 - 1564                Pandolfo Benvenuti
1564 - 1566                Gioovanni Battista Venturi
1566 - 1569                Gioovanni Battista Medici
1569 - 1572                Lunetto Attavanti
1572 - 1575                Vincenzo Del Benino (1st time)
1575 - 1578                Bernardo Masi
1578 - 1581                Domenico Mellini
1581 - 1584                Paolo Sestini
1584 - 1587                Raimondo Mannelli
1587 - 1588                Simone Amidei
1588 - 1590                Simone Lippi
1590 - 1593                Galeazzo Taddei
1593 - 1594                Vincenzo Del Benino (2nd time)
1594 - 1597                Francisco Busini
1597 - 1600                Tommasso Barbadori
1600 - 1603                Antonio Buondelmonte
1603 - 1607                Carlo Fortunati
1607 - 1610                Baccio Frescobaldi
1610 - 1613                Giuliano Capponi
1613 - 1616                Fabio Guidi
1616 - 1619                Cosimo Medici
1619 - 1621                Orazio Barboni
1621 - 16..                Marzio dei Conti Montauto
1644 - 1645                Balidor Suarez
1645 - 1651                Paolo Cansacchi
1651 - 1653                Pietro Grifoni
1653 - 1655                Raffaello Conversini (1st time)
1655 - 1658                Tommaso Serristori
1658 - 1672                Raffaello Conversini (2nd time)
1672 - 1678                Dionisio Squarci
1678 - 1681                Agostino Borghesi
1681 - 1683                Pietro Paolo Nardi
1683 - 1684                Alfonso Bracciolini
1684 - 1688                Amerigo Attavanti
1688 - 1701                Marco Tornaquinci
1701 - 1702                Benedettto Guerrini
1702 - 1709                Alessandro Barone Del Nero
1709 - 1721                Girolamo Niccolini
1721                       Gaetano Buonsolazzi
1721 - 1726                Carlo Vieri
1726 - 1730                Luigi De Bardi
1730 - 1735                Giovanni Vicenzo Coresi del Bruno
1735                       Diego Mody
1735 - 1736                Giovanni D'Osea
1736 - 1737                Raimondo De Burk
1737 - 1740                Cristiano Holtrapo
1740 - 1746                Lorenzo Henart
1746 - 1771?               Leopoldo de Villeneuve
1773 - 1782                Carlo De Lauger
1782 - 1792                Paolo Brischieri
1792 - 1796                Giorgio Baron Knessevich (Huezewich)
 9 Jul 1796 - 20 Dec 1796  John Duncan -British commander
1796 - 29 Mar 1799         Francesco Solerino
29 Mar 1799 - 17 Jul 1799  Pierre François Mont Serraz    (b. 1758 - d. 1820)
                             (Montserrat) -French commander
Apr 1799 - Jul 1799        Luigi Lambardi (French governor)
1799 - 1800                Antonio de Fera
1800 -  4 Jun 1802         Luigi de Filsen (Fixon)
Commanders of Spanish, from 3 Oct 1735 Neapolitan, forts at Longone
(subordinated to the governors of the Stato dei Presidi)
1602 - 1646?               ....
1646? - 1650               baron de Noailles -French governor
c.1678                     Fernando Focardo (Foxardo) de
                             Requesens y Zúñiga
c.1700 - 170.              Pinel
170. - c.1797              ....
c.1797 -  4 Apr 1797       Dentice
179. - 1799                Amédée, comte Willot           (b. 1755 - d. 1823)
1799 - 28 Mar 1801         ....
Commissioners-general
29 Aug 1801 - Sep 1802     Pierre Joseph Briot (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1827)
Sep 1802 - 13 Apr 1803     Claude Hugues Lelièvre         (b. 1752 - d. 1835)
13 Apr 1803 - Jan 1804     Pierre Joseph Briot (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1804 - Nov 1810        Giovanni Battista Galeazzini   (b. 1759 - d. 1833)
Nov 1810 - 1811            Jean-Baptiste Dominique Rusca  (b. 1759 - d. 1814)
Governor
1811 - 1814                Antoine, comte Drouot          (b. 1774 - d. 1847)
Commanders
Dec 1801 - 29 May 1805     Jean-Baptiste Dominique Rusca  (s.a.)
1805 - 1809                Pierre François Joseph Durutte (b. 1767 - d. 1827)
 8 Mar 1809 - 15 May 1810  Hubert Callier                 (b. 1764 - d. 1819)
15 May 1810 - Oct 1810     Jean Jacques Dazémar           (b. 1757 - d. 1816) 
24 Oct 1810 -  3 May 1814  Jean-Baptiste, baron Dalesme   (b. 1763 - d. 1832)
Prince
18 Mar 1805 - 18 Mar 1814  Felice Pasquale Bacciochi      (b. 1762 - d. 1841)
Sovereign¹
19 Apr 1814 - 26 Feb 1815  Napoléon I (arrives 4 May 1814)(b. 1769 - d. 1821)
Governors
1814 - 1815                Jean-Baptise, baron Dalesme    (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
26 Feb 1815 - Apr 1815     Cristino Lapi (interim)
Apr 1815 - 30 Jul 1815     Jean-Baptiste, baron Dalesme   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Extraordinary Commissioner
1815                       Giuseppe Fantoni

Minister-Secretary of State
 3 May 1814 - 26 Feb 1815  Henri Gatien, comte Bertrand   (b. 1773 - d. 1844)

Allied Commissioners
 3 May 1814 - 26 Feb 1815  Neil Campbell (U.K.)           (b. 1776 - d. 1827)
                           + Franz Freiherr von Koller    (b. 1762 - d. 1826)
                              (Austria)(not on Elba)
                           + Friedrich Ludwig Graf        (b. 1776 - d. 1844)
                              Truchsess von Waldburg 
                              (Prussia)(not on Elba)
                           + Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov   (b. 1774 - d. 1823)
                              (Russia)(not on Elba)

 ¹full style of the ruler 19 Apr 1814 - 26 Feb 1815: French - Souverain de l'Île d'Elbe, Italian - Signore dell'Elba ("Sovereign of Elba").

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Fiume: see under Croatia

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Florence: see Tuscany

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Fosdinovo
 

Map of Fosdinovo

Capital: Fosdinovo

Population: N/A

1289                       Marquisate of Fosdinovo
15 Nov 1796                Part of Transpadane (from 1797 Cisapline) Republic 
1815                       Incorporated into Duchy of Massa.

Marquis
1669 - 1671                Ippolito II
1671 - 1722                Carlo I
1722 - 1758                Gabriele IV
1758 - 1796                Carlo II
1814 - 1815                Azzolino

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Genoa
 

c.1218 - 4 Jun 1805;                      26 Apr 1814 - 26 Dec 1814

1637 - 14 Jun 1797 State Flag

Map of Republic of Genoa

Currency: 1580-1805 Italian States Lira (XITL)

Capital: Genoa

Constitutions (in Italian) (2 Dec 1797-1801;  24 Jun 1802-1805)

c.780                      County of Genoa
1052 - 1099                Ruled by the Bishops of Genoa.
1099                       Commune (Republic) of Genoa
1284                       Corsica annexed.
27 Jul 1318 - 1334         Under joint rule of Papal State and Naples.
23 Sep 1339                Republic of Genoa
10 Oct 1353 - 14 Nov 1356  Occupied by Milan.
25 Oct 1396 -  6 Sep 1409  French occupation.
 6 Sep 1409 -  3 Jul 1415  Part of the Lordship of Montferrat.
 3 Jul 1415                Republic of Genoa (restored).
28 Oct 1421 - 27 Dec 1435  Occupied by Milan.
11 May 1458 -  9 Mar 1461  French occupation.
Apr 1464 - 1478            Occupied by Milan.
31 Oct 1487 - 1499         Occupied by Milan.
1499 - 1506                French occupation.
1507 - 1515                French occupation.
 7 Sep 1512 - 12 Oct 1528  French occupation.
28 May 1576 - 1801         Port enclave of Oneglia (French: Oneille; now Imperia) 
                             sold to Savoy.
1580                       Most Serene Republic of Genoa
15 May 1768                Corsica sold to France.
1746 - Dec 1746            Austrian occupation.
14 Jun 1797                French occupation.
 1 Jan 1798                Ligurian Republic
 6 Jun 1800                Austrian and British occupation.
 6 Jun 1800                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (restored).
24 Jun 1800                French occupation, Ligurian Republic (restored).
 4 Jun 1805                Annexed to France.
 8 Oct 1805                Divided into the French départements of Apennins,
                             Gênes (Genoa), and Montenotte.
26 Apr 1814                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (restored).
26 Dec 1814                British troops take over the administration on behalf
                             of Sardinia.
 3 Jan 1815                Annexation to Sardinia-Piedmont proclaimed; the king adds
                             the words "duke of Genoa" to the royal style 15 Jun 1815.

French Governors
30 Dec 1396 - 1398         Valeran III de Luxembourg, comte de    (d. 1431)
                             Saint Pol et de Ligny
27 Nov 1397 - 139.         Antoine (Antonio) Adorno
c.1399 - 12 Jan 1400       Calville
1400 - 14..                Baptiste (Battista) Bocanegra
31 Oct 1401 - 1409         Jean II Le Meingre dit "Boucicaut"     (b. c.1366 - d. 1421)
 7 Feb 1458 -  9 Mar 1461  Jean d'Anjou, duc de Calabre et        (d. 1470)
                             de Lorraine (lieutenant of the king)
af.Mar 1461                Louis de Laval, seigneur de Châtillon  (d. 1489)
26 Aug 1502 - 150.         Charles II d'Amboise                   (d. 1511)
150. - 26 Oct 1506         Philippe de Cleves, seigneur de        (d. 1528)
                             Ravenstein et Enghien
28 Apr 1507 - 15..         Rauoul (Rodolphe) de Lannoy,           (d. 1513)
                             seigneur de Morvilles et de
                             Folville
1513 - 15..                Antoine (Antonio) Adorno
1515 - 15..                Octavien (Octavio) Fregoso
1527 - 152.                Theodoe Trivulce (Teodoro Trivulzio)   (d. 1532)
18 Apr 1528 - 1528         François de La Tour vicomte de Turenne (d. 1532)
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
 3 Jun 1699 -  3 Jun 1701  Gerolamo De Mari                       (b. 1644 - d. 1702)
 7 Jun 1701 -  7 Jun 1703  Federico De Franchi Toso               (b. 1640 - d. 1737)
 1 Aug 1703 -  1 Aug 1705  Antonio Grimaldi Cebà                  (b. 1640 - d. 1717)
22 Aug 1705 - 13 Aug 1707  Stefano Onorato Ferretti               (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
 9 Sep 1707 -  9 Sep 1709  Domenico Maria de Mari                 (b. 1653 - d. 1725) 
14 Sep 1709 - 14 Sep 1711  Vincenzo Durazzo                       (b. 1635 - d. 1712)
22 Sep 1711 - 22 Sep 1713  Francesco Maria Imperiale              (b. 1654 - d. 1737)
22 Dep 1713 - 22 Sep 1715  Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani Campi     (b. 1660 - d. 1735)
26 Sep 1715 - 26 Sep 1717  Lorenzo Centurione Becchignoni         (b. 1645 - d. 1735)
30 Sep 1717 - 30 Sep 1719  Benedetto Viale                        (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
 4 Oct 1719 -  4 Oct 1721  Ambrogio Imperiale Lomellini           (b. 1649 - d. 1729)
 8 Oct 1721 -  8 Oct 1723  Cesare De Franchi Toso                 (b. 1666 - d. 1739)
13 Oct 1723 - 13 Oct 1725  Domenico Negrone                       (b. 1672 - d. 1736)
18 Jan 1726 - 18 Jan 1728  Gerolamo Veneroso                      (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
22 Jan 1728 - 22 Jan 1530  Luca Grimaldi                          (b. 1675 - d. 1750)
26 Jan 1730 - 26 Jan 1732  Francesco Maria Balbi                  (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
29 Jan 1732 - 29 Jan 1734  Domenico Maria Spinola                 (b. 1666 - d. 1743)
 3 Feb 1734 -  3 Feb 1736  Giovanni Stefano Durazzo               (b. 1668 - d. 1744)
 7 Feb 1736 -  7 Feb 1738  Niccolò Cattaneo Della Volta           (b. 1679 - d. 1751)
11 Feb 1738 - 11 May 1739  Costantino Balbi                       (b. 1676 - d. 1741)
16 Feb 1740 - 16 Feb 1742  Niccolò Spinola                        (b. 1678 - d. 1743)
20 Feb 1742 - 20 Feb 1744  Domenico Maria Canevaro                (b. 1683 - d. 1745)
 1 Mar 1744 -  1 Mar 1746  Lorenzo De Mari                        (b. 1685 - d. 1772)
 3 Mar 1746 -  4 Mar 1748  Giovanni Francesco Saverio Brignole    (b. 1695 - d. 1760)
                            Sale
 6 Mar 1748 -  6 Mar 1750  Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta            (b. 1680 - d. 1756)
10 Mar 1750 - 10 Mar 1752  Agostino Viale                         (b. 1692 - d. 1777)
28 Mar 1752 -  3 Jun 1752  Stefano Lomellini                      (b. 1683 - d. 1753)
 7 Jun 1752 -  7 Jun 1754  Giovanni Battista Grimaldi             (b. 1678 - d. 1757)
23 Jun 1754 - 16 May 1756  Giovanni Giacomo Stefano Veneroso      (b. 1701 - d. 1758)
22 Jun 1756 - 22 Jun 1758  Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi              (b. 1705 - d. 1777)
22 Sep 1758 - 22 Aug 1760  Giovanni Matteo Francesco Maria        (b. 1680 - d. 1767)
                             Franzoni 
10 Sep 1760 - 10 Sep 1762  Agostino Lomellini                     (b. 1709 - d. 1791)
25 Nov 1762 - 25 Nov 1764  Rodolfo Emilio Maria Brignole Sale     (b. 1708 - d. 1774)
29 Jan 1765 - 29 Jan 1767  Francesco Maria Gaetano Della Rovere   (b. 1695 - d. 1768)
 3 Feb 1767 -  3 Feb 1769  Marcello Giuseppe Durazzo              (b. 1710 - d. 1791)
16 Feb 1769 - 26 Jan 1771  Giovanni Battista Negrone              (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
16 Apr 1771 - 23 Dec 1772  Giovanni Battista Cambiaso             (b. 1711 - d. 1772)
 7 Jan 1773 - 19 Jan 1773  Ferdinando Spinola                     (b. 1694 - d. 1778)
26 Jan 1773 - 26 Jan 1775  Alessandro Piero Francesco Grimaldi    (b. 1715 - d. 1791)
31 Jan 1775 - 31 Jan 1777  Fabrizio "Brizio" Giustiniani Banca    (b. 1713 - d. 1778)
 4 Feb 1777 -  4 Feb 1779  Giuseppe Lomellini                     (b. 1723 - d. 1803)
 4 Mar 1779 -  4 Mar 1781  Giacomo Maria Brignole (1st time)      (b. 1724 - d. 1801)
 8 Mar 1781 -  8 Mar 1783  Marco Antonio Gentile                  (b. 1723 - d. 1798)
 6 May 1783 -  6 May 1785  Giovanni Battista Airoli               (b. 1731 - d. 1808)
 6 Jun 1785 -  6 Jun 1787  Giovanni Carlo Pallavicini             (b. 1722 - d. 1794)
 4 Jul 1787 -  4 Jul 1789  Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino             (b. 1732 - d. 1801)
30 Jul 1789 - 30 Jul 1791  Alerame Maria Pallavicini              (b. 1730 - d. 1805)
 3 Sep 1791 -  3 Sep 1793  Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso         (b. 1738 - d. 1813)
30 Sep 1793 - 30 Sep 1795  Giuseppe Maria Doria,                  (b. 1730 - d. 1816) 
                             duca di Massanova
17 Nov 1795 - 14 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time)      (s.a.)
Doge (presiding Provisional Government)
14 Jun 1797 - 26 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government
26 Jun 1797 - 17 Jan 1798  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
17 Jan 1798 - Jul 1799     Executive Directory
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto              (b. 1756 - d. 1821)
                             (to Jan 1799)
                           - Pietro Ferreri (from Jan 1799)       (b. 1758 - d. 18..)
                           - Giorgio Ambrogio Molfino
                           - Agostino Maglione                    (b. 1744 - d. 18..)
                           - Niccolò Littardi                     (b. 1748 - d. 18..)
                           - Paolo Costa
Jul 1799 - Oct 1799        Executive Directory
                           - Pietro Ferreri (1st time)            (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Lupi (1st time)
                           - Giovanni Battista Rossi 
                           - Francesco Masuccone
                           - Paolo Costa
Oct 1799 -  7 Dec 1799     Executive Directory
                           - Pietro Ferreri (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Lupi (2nd time)
                           - Francesco Montaldo
                           - Domenico Assereto
                           - Giuseppe Morchio
 8 Dec 1799 - 31 Mar 1800  Commission of Government 
                           - Francesco Maria Boselli
                              (to Dec 1799)                       (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
                           - Emanuele Montebruno (to Dec 1799)
                           - Giuseppe Assereto (to Jan 1800)
                           - Domenico Mongiardini (to Jan 1800)
                           - Giuseppe Cambiaso (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Giovanni Battista Tanlongo 
                             (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (b. 1739 - d. 1809)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto              (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Emanuele Balbi (to Feb 1800)
                           - Schiaffino (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Marchello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Domenico Straforello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (1st time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (1st time)
31 Mar 1800 -  4 Jun 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso
                              (2nd time)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                           - Emanuele Guecco (1st time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (2nd time)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (2nd time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva 
                              (1st time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (2nd time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (1st time)
 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Provisional Commission of Government,
                           also known as Provisional Regency
                           - Pietro Paolo Celesia
                           - Carlo Cambiaso
                           - Agostino Spinola
                           - Giovanni Bernardo Pallavicini
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.) 
                              (appointed but did not accept)
                           - Francesco Spinola
                           - Luigi Lambruschini
24 Jun 1800 - 2. Jun 1800  Provisional Commission of Government
                           - Antonio Boccardo (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (3rd time)
                           - Andrea Badarò
                           - Domenico Rivarola (3rd time)
2. Jun 1800 -  2 Jul 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Emanuele Guecco (2nd time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (3rd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (4th time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva (2nd time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (3rd time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (4th time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (2nd time) 
 2 Jul 1800 -  3 Jul 1802  Extraordinary Commission of Government
                           - Giovanni Battista Rossi
                           - Agostino Maglione (to 1800)          (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe Fravega (1800-1801)
                           - Tommaso Langlade (from 1801)
                           - Agostino Pareto
                           - Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra     (b. 1761 - d. 1837)
                           - Antonio Mongiardini
                           - Luigi Carbonara                      (b. 1753 - d. 1826)
                           - Luigi Lupi (to 1801)
                           - Giuseppe de Ambrosiis (from 1801)    (b. 1755 - d. 18..)
Doge of the Republic
 3 Jul 1802 -  4 Jun 1805  Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo       (s.a.)
Governor-general
 4 Jun 1805 -  8 Oct 1805  Charles François Lebrun                (b. 1737 - d. 1824)
                             (from 1808, duc du Plaisance) 
Prefects of Apennins
 8 Oct 1805 - 1810         Jean-André Louis Rolland de
                             Villarceaux
1810 - 1814                Maurice Jean Duval, dit Maruice        (b. 1778 - d. 1861)
                             Duval
Prefects of Gênes
 8 Oct 1805 -  2 Feb 1806  Jean Xavier Bureaux de Puzy            (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
Mar 1806 - 1809            Antoine de La Rivoire de La Tourette
11 Feb 1809 - 1814         Marc Antoine Bourdon de Vatry          (b. 1761 - d. 1828)
Prefects of Montenotte
 8 Oct 1805 - 1806         Hugues Nardon
31 Jan 1806 - 23 Déc 1812  Gilbert Joseph Gaspard, comte de       (b. 1773 - d. 1843)
                             Chabrol de Volvic
1813 - 1814                Antoine Jean Louis François Ignace 
                             de Brignole-Sale
President of the Provisional Government
26 Apr 1814 - 26 Dec 1814  Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra       (s.a.)
Provisional Military Administrator
26 Dec 1814 -  7 Jan 1815  William Henry Cavendish-Bentnick       (b. 1774 - d. 1839)

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Guastalla

        21 Mar 1801 - 24 May 1806
 

Map of  Guastalla

Capital: Guastalla

Population: N/A

1307                       Lordship of Guastalla
 3 Oct 1406                County of Guastalla
 2 Jul 1621                Duchy of Guastalla
16 Aug 1746                Occupied by Austria.
18 Oct 1748                Part of Parma.
21 Mar 1801                French occupation.
30 Mar 1806                Principality of Guastalla, under French rule.
24 May 1806                Part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy).
 6 Jun 1814                Duchy of Guastalla (restored).
16 Jun 1848                Administered by Kingdom of Sardinia.
10 Aug 1848                Duchy of Guastalla (restored).
13 Jun 1859                Annexed by Modena.

Dukes
1692 - 1702                Vincenzo (1st time)                      (b. 1634 - d. 1714)
1702 - 1706                Ferdinando Carlo                         (b. 1652 - d. 1708)
1706 - 28 Apr 1714         Vincenzo (2nd time)                      (s.a.)
28 Apr 1714 - 19 Apr 1729  Antonio Fernando                         (b. 1687 - d. 1729)
19 Apr 1729 - 16 Aug 1746  Giuseppe Maria                           (b. 1690 - d. 1746)
Princess
30 Mar 1806 - 24 May 1806  Pauline Bonaparte                        (b. 1780 - d. 1825)
Prince (co-ruler)
30 Mar 1806 - 24 May 1806  Camillo Filippo Ludovico, Principe di    (b. 1775 - d. 1832)
                             Borghese
Duchess
 6 Jun 1814 - 17 Dec 1847  Maria Luigia                             (b. 1791 - d. 1847)
                            (Empress of France 1809 - 1814)
Dukes
17 Dec 1847 -  8 Jan 1848  Carlo II                                 (b. 1799 - d. 1883)
 8 Jan 1848 - 16 Jun 1848  Francesco V (1st time)                   (b. 1819 - d. 1875)
Head of the Provisional Government
16 Jun 1848 - Jun 1848     ....
Sardinian Commissioner of Gustalla
Jun 1848 - 10 Aug 1848     ....
Duke
10 Aug 1848 - 13 Jun 1859  Francesco V (2nd time)                   (s.a.)

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Liguria: see Genoa

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Locarno: see Ticino under Swiss Cantons

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Lombardy 
 

1277 - 1397	1397 - 1765	1765 -  9 May 1796;              29 Apr 1799 - 19 Apr 1800
15  May 1796 - 17 Jan 1797	17 Jan 1797 - 9 Jul 1797	1 May 1798 - 20 Aug 1802  Cisalpine Republic;          Mar 1848 - 8 Jun 1848  Lombardy
20 Aug 1802 - 28 Apr 1814	1849 - 11 Nov 1859  Lombardy-Venetia

Map of Lombardy	Hear National Anthem	Text of National Anthem	Constitutions (in Italian) Cisalpine: (1798 - 27 Aug 1800;  7 Oct 1801-1802) Kingdom of Italy: (1805 -1810)
Capital: Milan	Currency: 1474-1805 Italian States Lira (XITL); 1815-1859 Itaian States Lira  Austriaca (XITA)	National Holiday: N/A	Population: N/A

 

814                        Part of the Kingdom of Italy (County of Milan).

980 - 16 Jan 1045          Archbishops of Milan as governors.

16 Jan 1045                Chartered Commune

16 Jan 1045 -  7 Sep 1158  Under temporal authority of Archbishops of Milan.

 7 Sep 1158 - 29 May 1176  Imperial rule.

29 May 1176 - 12 Sep 1439  Independent commune.

Dec 1287                   Visconti dynasty begins rule.

10 Jul 1322                Lordship of Milan, under the Visconti dynasty.

 5 Jul 1327 - 23 Sep 1329  Imperial rule.

 1 May 1395                Duchy of Milan, under the Visconti.

14 Aug 1447                Ambrosian Republic

25 Mar 1450                Duchy of Milan, under the Sforaz dynasty.

18 Oct 1499 -  6 Jun 1513  Occupied by France.

17 Sep 1515 - 19 Nov 1521  Occupied by France.

23 Oct 1524 - 24 Feb 1525  Occupied by France.

24 Oct 1535 - 16 Jan 1556  Imperial rule.

16 Jan 1556                Spanish rule.

10 Jan 1701 - 26 Sep 1706  French troops garrison Milan.

26 Sep 1706                Austrian occupation.

11 Apr 1713                Austrian rule (confirmed 6 Mar 1714).

 4 Nov 1733 -  9 Sep 1736  Franco-Sardinian occupation.

16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746  Franco-Spanish occupation.

 9 May 1796                French occupation.

15 May 1796                Lombard Republic

15 Nov 1796                Transpadane Republic (including Lombardy, Mantua,

                             and western parts of Venetia); under French rule.

16 Apr 1797 - 12 May 1797  Re-occupied by Austria.

29 Jun 1797                Cispadane and Transpadane Republics united as

                             the Cisalpine Republic.

28 Apr 1799                Duchy of Milan (restored)

29 Apr 1800                Cisalpine Republic (restored by France).

26 Jun 1802                Italian Republic (Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna).

18 Mar 1805                Kingdom of Italy (including Venetia and Dalmatia).

 3 Mar 1810                Dalmatia annexed by France, Tyrol annexed to Kingdom of Italy.

28 Apr 1814                Occupied by Austria, Kingdom of Italy abolished.

 7 Apr 1815                Component, with Venetia, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the

                             Emperor of Austria.

22 Mar 1848                Lombardy (provisional government).

 8 Jun 1848                Administered by the Kingdom of Sardinia.

 6 Aug 1848                Returned to Austria part of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom.

 3 Jun 1859                French and Sardinian troops invaded Lombardy

                             (occupation of Milan from 8 Jun 1859).

 9 Jun 1859                Provisional Sardinian administration for Lombardy.

11 Nov 1859                Treaty of Zürich, formal cession of Lombardy 

                             by Austria to France and by France to Sardinia. 

30 Nov 1859                Annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia.

Governor
17 May 1698 - 26 Sep 1706  Charles Henri de Lorraine,
                             prince de Vaudémont  &