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Kenyan Traditional States
Note: This record deals with the two major coastal polities (Pate island, with its successor Witu, and Mombasa) and three major polities of the interior (Masai, Nandi, Wanga). Other known
polities are very minor and the information is very sketchy.
Pate
1203
Pate sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani
1858
Former ruler founds Witu sultanate on mainland after
several abortive moves.
1870
Pate state extinguished.
Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili)
1779 - 1809
Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr
1809 - 1813
Ahmad ibn Shaykh
1813 - 1818
Fumo Luti "Kipunga" ibn Fumo Madi
1818 - 18..
Fumo Luti ibn Ahmad
18.. - 1823
Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (1st time)
1823 - 18..
Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (1st time)
18.. - 18..
Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (2nd time)
18.. - 1830
Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (2nd time)
1830 - 1840
Fumo Bakari ibn Shaykh
1840 - 1856
Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1856 - 1858
Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti
1858 - 1870
Shaykh Muhammad
Witu
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![[German Empire 1870-1919 (Germany)]](de1871.gif)
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1858
Former ruler of Pate founds Witu sultanate on mainland
after several abortive moves.
8 Apr 1885
25 sq. mile area purchased from Sultan by Denhardt brothers.
27 May 1885
German protectorate declared (Wituland).
18 Jun 1890
British protectorate declared.
1 Jul 1890
Germany renounces its protectorate.
Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili)
1858 - 1888
Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1888 - 1890
Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad
1890 - 1891
Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad
1891 - 1893
Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (1st time)
1893 - 7 Jul 1895
Vacant
7 Jul 1895 - ....
Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (2nd time)
German Residents
8 Apr 1885 - 1 Jul 1890 Gustav Denhardt
(b. 1856 - d. 1917)
+ Clemens Andreas Denhardt
(b. 1852 - d. 1928)
Mombasa
-
![[Mombassa British protectorate 1893-1920]](ke-witu.gif)
- 31 Jul 1893 - 1920
independent from Kilwa Kisiwani.
1593 Portuguese occupation.
1638 - 12 Dec 1698 Portuguese colony (subordinated to Goa).
12 Dec 1698 Under Omani sovereignty.
12 Mar 1728 - 21 Sep 1729 Portuguese occupation.
21 Sep 1729 Under Omani sovereignty.
1746 Independent (disputed by Oman).
9 Feb 1824 - 25 Jul 1826 British protectorate over Mombassa.
25 Jul 1826 Omani rule restored.
24 Jun 1837 Annexed by Zanzibar.
25 May 1887 Administration relinquished to the British East Africa
Association (see under Kenya).
1 Jul 1895 Kenya protectorate (i.e., the coastal strip nominally under
Zanzibari sovereignty).
12 Dec 1963 Incorporated into independent Kenya.
Captains-major
1593 - 1596
Mateus de Vasconcelos
1596 - 1598
António de Andrade
1598 - 1606
Rui Soares de Melo
1606 - 1609
Gaspar Pereira
1609 - 1610
Pedro de Abreu
1610 - 1614
Manuel Pereira
1614 - 1620
Simão Pereira
1620 - 1625
Francisco Pereira
1625 - 1629
Marçal de Macedo
1629 - 15 Aug 1631
Pedro de Gambôa
15 Aug 1631 - 1635
Pedro Botelho
1635 - 1639
Francisco de Seixas e Cabreira
(1st time)
1639 - 1642
Martim Manuel
1642 - 1643
....
1643 - 1646
Manuel Coutinho
1646 - 1651
António de Meneses
1651 - 1653
Francisco de Seixas e Cabreira
(2nd time)
1653 - 1658
.... [unknown]
1658 - 1663
José da Silva
1663 - 1667
Manuel de Campos
1667 - 1670
João Cota
1670 - 1671
Vacant
1671 - 1673
João da Costa
1673 - 1676
Manuel de Campos
1676 - 1679
Francisco Faria
1679 - 16..
Manuel Franco
16.. - 1682
Pedro Henriques
1682 - 1686
João Portugal
1688 - 1693
Duarte de Melo
1693 - 1694
Pascual Sarmento
1694 - 1696
João Leão
1696 - 1697
Antonio de Melo
1697 - 1698
Dau, príncipe de Faza
1698 - 12 Dec 1698
Leonardo Barbosa Souto-Maior
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
12 Dec 1698 - Dec 1698 Imam Sa`if ibn Sultan
Dec 1698 - 1728
Nasr ibn Abdallah al-Mazru`i
1728 - 12 Mar 1728
Shaykh Rumba
Captain-major
12 Mar 1728 - 21 Sep 1729 Álvaro Caetano de Melo Castro
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
1730 - 17..
Muhammad ibn Said al-Ma'amri
1735 - 1739
Salih ibn Uthman al-Hadermi
1739 - 1745
Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1746
`Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
Sultans
1746 - 1755
`Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1755 - 1773
Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru`i
1773 - 1782
Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i
1782 - 1811
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i (b. 17.. -
d. 1814)
1812 - 1823
`Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i (d. 1823)
1823 - 1826
Sulayman ibn `Ali al-Mazru`i
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
1826 - Mar 1835
Salim ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i
(d. 1835)
Mar 1835 - 1836
Nasur ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i
1836 - 1837
Rashid ibn Salim al-Mazru`i (d.
1839)
1837 - 24 Jun 1837
Khamis ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i (d. af.1861)
1837 - 1860
Abdallah ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i
1860 - 1873
Mubarrak ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i
1873 - 1 Jul 1895
Rashid ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i
British Commandants
9 Feb 1824 - 13 Feb 1824 William Fitzwilliam Wentworth
(b. 1774 - d. 1857)
Owen
13 Feb 1824 - 29 May 1824 John James Reitz (d. 1824)
29 May 1824 - Sep 1824 Vacant
Sep 1824 - 25 Jul 1826 J.B. Emery
+ Wilson
Masai
187.
Masai clans united.
1888
Included in British East Africa.
1918
Chiefdom abolished by the British authorities.
Laibons¹ (after 1904 paramount chiefs)
187. - 1890
Mbatian
(b. c.1820 - d. 1890)
1890 - 1911
Lenana
1911 - 1918
Segi
¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were
in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and
military leaders.
Nandi
184.
Nandi clans united.
1888
Included in British East Africa (final submission in 1905).
Orkoiyois¹
184. - 186.
Barsabotwo
18.. - c.1890
Kimnyole
c.1890 - ....
Kuitatee
¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were
in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and
military leaders.
Wanga
16..
Kingdom of Wanga founded.
1888
Included in British East Africa.
Kings (title Nabonga)
c.1850 - c.1882
Shiunda
(d. c.1882)
c.1882 - 1926
Mumia
(b. c.1850 - d. 1948)
©2000 Ben Cahoon