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Malay States


Party abbreviations: BN = Barisan Nasional (National Front, multi-ethnic electoral organization dominated by UMNO, other members are: Gerakan, LDP, MCA, MIC, PBB, PBDS, PBRS, PBS, PPP, SAPP, SPDP, SUPP, UPKO); BP = Berjaya Party; BERJASA = Barisan Jamaah Islamiah Semalaysia (Front for Malaysian Islamic Council) DAP = Parti Tindakan Demokratik (Democratic Action Party, social-democratic party, est.1966, predominantly Chinese); 
Gerakan = Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Malaysian People's Movement Party, centrist, est.1968); LDP = Parti Liberal Demokratik (Liberal Democratic Party, Chinese minority party, Sabah based); MCA = Persatuan China Malaysia (Malaysian Chinese Association, Chinese minority party); MIC = Kongres India Se-Malaysia (Malaysian Indian Congress, Indian minority party);
PAS = Parti Islam se Malaysia (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party); PBB = Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu (United Traditional Bumiputera Party, Sarawak regionalist party); PBDS = Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Sarawak Native People's Party, Sarawak Dayak minority party, founded est.1983); PBRS = Parti Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (United Sabah People's Party, Sabah non-muslim indigenous party, est.1994); PBS = Parti Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party, Sabah regionalist party, est.1985); PKN = Parti Keadilan Nasional; PKR = Parti Keadilan Rakyat (People's Justice Party, centerist); PPP = Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia (People's Progressive Party of Malaysia, left-wing party); SAPP = Parti Majuh Sabah (Sabah Progressive Party); SCA = Sabah Chinese Association; SNAP = Sarawak National Party (Sarawak Dayak minority); SPDP = Parti Demokratik Progresif Sarawak (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party); SUPP = Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak (Sarawak United People's Party, Sarawak Chinese minority party); UPKO = United Pasok Momogun Kadazandusun Organisation (United National Kadazan Organization, Sabah indigenous non-Muslim party); UMNO = Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (United Malays National Organization, ethnic Malay party, authoritarian, est.1946); USNO = United Sabah National Organization



Johor (Johore)
 
Johore Flag to 1855
                     to 1855 
 
[Johore 1855-1865]
                  1855 - 1865
 
Johor flag 1865-1871
                    1865 - 1871
 
[Johore (Malaysia)]
                       Adopted 1871
 
Capital: Johor Bahru
(Riau Bintan 1699-1721, 
1787-1819;
Kuala Pahang 1721-1787;
Johor Lama  1526-1699)
Hear State Anthem
"Lagu Bangsa Johor" 
Text of State Anthem
Adopted 1897
Population: 2,740,625 (2000)

1400                       Sultanate of Melaka (Malacca).
10 Aug 1511                Melaka annexed by Portugal; last sultan moves to Kampar.
1528/1864                  Successor establishes Sultanate of Johor-Riau.
 6 Feb 1819                Johor and Riau separate; Negeri Johor Darul Takzim established.
11 Dec 1885                British protectorate (an unfederated Malay state); with 
                             a British adviser from 1910.
23/31 Jan 1942-12 Sep 1945 Occupied by Japan.
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

Sultans¹
 3 Sep 1699 - Nov 1721     Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah            (b. 16.. - d. 1721)
1721 - 20 Aug 1760         Sulaiman Badr ul-Alam Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil
                             Riayat Shah                      (b. 1699 - d. 1760)
20 Aug 1760 - 29 Jan 1761  Abdul Jalil Muadzam Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah   (b. 1738 - d. 1761)
29 Jan 1761 - 1770         Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdul
                             Jalil                            (b. 1752 - d. 1770)
29 Jan 1761 - 1770         .... -Regent
1770 - 12 Jan 1811         Mahmud Shah Alam ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah          (b. 1756 - d. 1811)
10 Nov 1784 -  7 Feb 1787  Regency Council
1811 -  6 Feb 1819         Abdul Rahman Muadzam Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah
 6 Feb 1819 -  5 Sep 1835  Husain Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum (b. 1776 - d. 1835)
                             Sultan Mahmud Shah 
 5 Sep 1835 - 10 Mar 1855  Ali Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Husain Muadzam Shah       (b. 1820 - d. 1877)
                             (not recognized; rules at Muar to 20 Jun 1877)
Rulers, with the title Datuk Temeggong Seri Maharaja
 5 Sep 1835 - 31 Jan 1862  Tun Daeng Ibrahim bin Tun Abdul    (b. 1811 - d. 1862)
                             Rahman 
 1 Feb 1862 - 1868         Tun Abubakar Seri Maharaja bin Tun
                             Ibrahim                          (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
Maharaja
1868 - 13 Feb 1886         Abubakar bin Tun Ibrahim           (s.a.)
Sultans¹
13 Feb 1886 -  4 Jun 1895  Tuanku Abubakar bin Tun Ibrahim    (s.a.)
 4 Jun 1895 -  8 May 1959  Tuanku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Abubakar                  (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
 8 May 1959 - 10 May 1981  Tuanku Ismail ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Ibrahim                   (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
11 May 1981 -              Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Ismail          (b. 1932)
26 Apr 1984 - 25 Apr 1989  Tuanku Ibrahim Ismail -Regent      (b. 1958)

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1886 - Jul 1890            Datuk Jaafar bin Mohamed           (b. 1838 - d. 1919)
Jul 1920 - 1922            Datuk Mohamed bin Mahbob           (b. 1852 - d. 1926)
Sep 1923 - 1928            Abdullah bin Jaafar                (b. 1875 - d. 1934)
16 Sep 1928 - 23 Nov 1931  Mustapha bin Jaafar
23 Nov 1931 - 28 Dec 1934  Datuk Abdul Hamid bin Yusof        (b. 1876 - d. 1934)
Apr 1935 -  1 Jun 1947     Ungku Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid   (b. 1887 - d. 1951)
 1 Jun 1947 - 18 May 1950  Onn Jaafar                         (b. 1895 - d. 1962)
18 May 1950 - 20 Feb 1952  Vacant
20 Feb 1952 -  5 Jun 1955  Datuk Syed Abdul Kadir bin Mohamed (b. 1900)
 1 Oct 1955 - 16 Jun 1959  Datuk Wan Idris bin Ibrahim        (b. 1888 - d. 1973)
27 Jun 1959 - 31 Jan 1967  Tan Sri Hassan Yunos               (b. 1907 - d. 1968)  UMNO
Feb 1967 - Apr 1982        Dato' (from 4 Jun 1975, Tan Sri)   (b. 1927 - d. 2007)  UMNO
                             Othman Saat
29 Apr 1982 - 12 Aug 1986  Datuk Abdul Ajib bin Ahmad         (b. 1947)            UMNO/BN
12 Aug 1986 -  3 May 1995  Muhyiddin bin Yassin               (b. 1947)            UMNO/BN
                             (from 1988, Tan Sri Muhyiddin bin Yassin) 
 3 May 1995 -              Abdul Ghani Othman                 (b. 1946)            UMNO/BN
                             (from 13 Apr 1996, Dato' Abdul Ghani Othman) 

British General Advisers
1910 - 1916                Douglas Graham Campbell (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
1916 - 1917                F.G. Weld (acting)
1917 - 1918                Douglas Graham Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
1918 - 1919                F.J. Hallifax (acting)
1919 - 1921                J.F. Owen (acting)
1921 - 1926                Hayes Marriott                     (b. 1873 - d. 1929)
1926 - 1928                Charles Walter Hamilton Cochrane   (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
1928 - 1931                Ceorge Ernest Shaw                 (b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1931 - 1935                Richard O. Winstedt                (b. 1878 - d. 1966)
1935 - 1940                Walter Evelyn Pepys                (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
1940 - 1941                William Douglas Barron             (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
Japanese Governors
31 Jan 1942 - 1943         the Commanders of the 25th Army
1943 - 1945                Kenji Dohihara                     (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
1945 - 12 Sep 1945         Seishiro Itagaki                   (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
British Advisers
1945 - 194.                ....
194. - 1947                W.G. Gordon-Hall
1947 - 1948                W.C. Stuart Corry (acting)         (b. 1900)
1948                       Eric Ernest Falk Pretty            (b. 1891 - d. 1961)
1948 - 19..                Arthur Sleep                       (b. 1894 - d. 19..) 
1952 - 1953                J.D. Hodgkinson (acting)           (b. 1907)
1953 - 1954                J.K. Creer (acting)                (b. 1908)
1954 - 1955                D.A. Somerville                    (b. 1908) 

1955 - 1957                R.L. Peel                          (b. 1914)

 ¹Full style of the ruler: 
(a) to 1855: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Sri Sultan ("Sultan of Malacca [1819 Johor]");
(b) from 1885: "By the grace of God Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State and Territory of Johor Darul Takzim."



Kedah
 
Kedah flag to 1912
         18th cent - 10 Jan 1912
[Kedah (Malaysia)]
                   Adopted 10 Jan 1912
 
Capital: Alor Star
(Alor Star 1735-1980,
Alor Setar 1980-Dec 2003)
Hear State Anthem
"Allah Selamatkan 
Sultan Mahkota"
Text of State Anthem
Adopted  22 Mar 1937
Population: 1,649,756 (2000)
 
Late antiquity             Kedah state founded.
1136                       Negeri Kedah Darul Aman established.
Sep 1660 - 1767            Under Thai sovereignty.
1767 - 1769                Under Burmese suzerainty.
1769 -  9 Jul 1909         Under Thai sovereignty.
12 Sep 1821 - 1843         Annexed by Thailand (division into three polities 
                             under Thai sovereignty from 1839).
 9 Jul 1909                British protectorate (an unfederated Malay state).
14 Dec 1941 - 20 Aug 1943  Occupied by Japan.
20 Aug 1943 -  8 Sep 1945  Annexed by Thailand.
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Sultans¹
17 Nov 1698 - 22 Sep 1706  Abdullah al-Muadzam Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Ata Allah
                             Muhammad Shah                    (b. 16.. - d. 1706)
22 Sep 1706 -  8 Feb 1710  Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I
                             ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah
                             al-Muadzam Shah                  (d. 1710)
 8 Feb 1710 - 23 Sep 1778  Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Azilin
                             Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Abdullah al-Muadzam Shah  (d. 1778)
23 Sep 1778 - 25 Sep 1797  Abdullah Mukarram Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
                             Zainal Azilin Muadzam Shah       (b. c.1750 - d. 1797)
25 Sep 1797 - 19 Sep 1804  Ziyauddin Mukarram Shah II ibni
                             al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
                             Zainal Azilin Muadzam Shah       (b. 1754 - d. 1815)
19 Sep 1804 - 12 Nov 1821  Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II 
                             ibni al-Marhum Abdullah 
                             al-Mukarram Shah (1st time)      (b. 1770 - d. 1845)
                             (12 Nov 1821 - 1843 in Penang and Malacca exile)
18.. - 1839                Tunku Anum
                             (in rebellion against Thailand)
1839 - 1841                Tunku Asan (in Kabangpasu)
1841 - 1843                Tunku Anum (in Kabangpasu)
1839 - 1843                Tunku Setusen (in Polit)
1839 - 1843                Muhammad Akip (in Satun)
1843 -  3 Jan 1845         Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II 
                             ibni al-Marhum Abdullah 
                             al-Mukarram Shah (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 3 Jan 1845 - 13 Mar 1854  Tuanku Zainal Rashid Muadzam
                             Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan
                             Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah        (b. 1803 - d. 1854)
13 Mar 1854 - 22 Jun 1879  Tuanku Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram
                             Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
                             Zainal Rashid Muadzam Shah       (b. 1835 - d. 1879)
22 Jun 1879 - 22 Sep 1881  Tuanku Zainal Rashid Muadzam
                             Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan
                             Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah     (b. 1857 - d. 1881)
21 Jan 1882 - 13 May 1943  Tuanku Seri Abdul Hamid Halim Shah
                             ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
                             Tajuddin Mukarram Shah           (b. 1864 - d. 1943)
- Regents for incapacitated Abdul Hamid -
1915 - 30 Apr 1934         Tunku Ibrahim                      (b. 1885 - d. 1934)
1934 -  7 Mar 1935         Tunku Muhammad                     (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
1935 -  5 Nov 1937         Tunku Mahmud                       (b. 1876 - d. 1937)
 5 Dec 1937 - 13 May 1943  Tunku Badli Shah                   (b. 1894 - d. 1958)
Sultans¹
14 May 1943 - 20 Aug 1943  Sultan Tengku Badli Shah ibni      (s.a.)
                             al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
                             Halim Shah (1st time) 
 8 Sep 1945 - 13 Jul 1958  Sultan Tengku Badli Shah ibni      (s.a.)
                             al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
                             Halim Shah (2nd time) 
14 Jul 1958 -              Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah    (b. 1927)
                             ibni al-Marhum Sultan Badishah
21 Sep 1970 - 20 Sep 1975  Tuanku Abdul Malik -Regent         (b. 1929)

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
  1 Feb 1948 - Jan 1954    Mohamad Sheriff bin Osman          (b. 1890 - d. 1962)
1949 - 1951                Tunku Ismail bin Tunku Yahya       (b. 1907 - d. 19..)
                             (acting for Sheriff)
Jan 1954 - 24 May 1959     Tunku Ismail bin Tunku Yahya       (s.a.)
24 May 1959 -  7 Dec 1967  Datuk Syed Omar Shahabuddin        (b. 1902 - d. 1967)
14 Dec 1967 - 13 Jul 1978  Syed Ahmad Shahabuddin             (b. 1925)
                             (from 1975, Datuk Syed Ahmad Shahabuddin) 
13 Jul 1978 - 28 Jan 1985  Syed Nahar Shahabuddin             (b. 1934 - d. 1998)
                             (from 1979, Dato' Seri Syed Nahar Shahabuddin)
28 Jan 1985 - 16 Jun 1996  Dato' Paduka (from 25 Jan 1987,
                             Dato' Seri; from 5 Jun 1991, Tan
                             Sri) Osman Aroff                 (b. 1940)            UMNO/BN
16 Jun 1996 - 11 Dec 1999  Datuk Seri (from 7 Jun 1997, Tan
                             Sri) Sanusi Junid                (b. 1943)            UMNO/BN
11 Dec 1999 - 22 Dec 2005  Syed Razak Syed Zain               (b. 1944)            UMNO/BN
                             (from 4 Jan 2000, Dato' Seri Syed 
                             Razak Syed Zain; from 9 Oct 2004, 
                             Datuk Seri Syed Razak Syed Zain) 
17 Jul 2005 -  9 Mar 2008  Datuk (from 22 Jan 2006, Datuk
                             Seri) Mahdzir Khalid             (b. 1960)            UMNO/BN
                             (acting [for Syed Razak to 22 Dec 2005] to 28 Dec 2005)
 9 Mar 2008 -              
Ustaz Haji Azizan Abdul Razak      (b. 1939?)           PAS


British Advisers
1909 - 1915                George Maxwell (1st time)          (b. 1871 - d. 1959)
1915 - 1916                Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan   (b. 1866 - d. 19..)
                             (acting)
1916 - 1918                G.A. Hall (acting)
1918 - 1919                George Maxwell (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1919 - 1923                Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur  (b. 1872 - d. 1934)
1923 - 1925                William Peel                       (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
1925 - 1926                John Lisseter Humphreys            (b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1926 - 1931                Thomas Watts Clayton               (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
1932                       Alan Custance Baker (acting)       (b. 1885 - d. 1969)
Mar 1932 - 1941            Julian Dudley Hall                 (b. 1887 - d. 1961)

Japanese Governors

1941 - Mar 1942            Ojama
Mar 1942 - Aug 1943        Sukigawa Seichi
Thai Officer
Oct 1943 - 1945?           Pramote Chong Charoen
Thai General-commissioners
(administering Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu)
20 Aug 1943 - Oct 1943     Kamol Saraphaisariddhikan Chotikasathion
Oct 1943 - 1945?           Chierlah Kamol Sribhaasairadhikavan
British Advisers
1945 - 1946                Edward Victor Grace Day            (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1946                       J.P. Biddulph                      (b. 1904 - d. 19..)
1946 - 1951                R. Middleton-Smith                 (b. 1914)
1951                       A.B. Ramsay (acting)               (b. 1903)
1951 - 1953                ....
1953 - 1954                E.C.G Barrett                      (b. 1909)
1954 - 1957                G.S. Rawlings                      (b. 1904) 

 ¹Full style of the ruler: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Kedah Darul Aman ("Sultan and Head of the State of Kedah").



Kelantan
 
Kelantan flag to 1912
              18th cent - 1912
 
[Kelantan 1912-1923]
                         1912 - 1923
 
[Kelantan (Malaysia)]
                         Adopted 1923
 
Capital: Kota Baharu
Hear State Anthem
"Selamat Sultan"
Text of State Anthem
Adopted  5 Jun 1927
Population: 1,313,014 (2000)

c.1411                     Kelantan established.
1499 - 1511                Conquered by Malacca.
1764                       Independence restored.
1795 - 1800                Under Trengganu rule.
1812 -  9 Jul 1909         Kelantan under Thai sovereignty.
 9 Jul 1909                British protectorate (an unfederated Malay state);
                             with a British resident from 1903.
Jul 1916                   Negeri Kelantan Darul Naim established.
9/22 Dec 1941-20 Aug 1943  Occupied by Japan.
20 Aug 1943 -  8 Sep 1945  Annexed by Thailand.
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

Rajas¹
1675 - Oct 1721            Sultan Omar ibni al-Mahrum Raja     (d. 1721)
                             Sakti
Oct 1721 - May 1734        Sultan Long Bahar ibni al-Marhum    (d. 1734)
                             Raja Daim
May 1734 - 1739            Raja Long Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum   (d. 1798)
                             Sultan Long Bahar (1st time)
1739 - 1746                Interregnum
1746 - 1756                Raja Long Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum   (s.a.)
                             Sultan Long Bahar (2nd time) 
1756 -  4 Sep 1758         Sultan Long Pandak ibni al-Marhum   (d. 1758)
                             Tuan Sulong
Sep 1758 - Jul 1763        Sultan Long Muhammad ibni al-Marhum (d. 1763)
                             Sultan Long Pandak
Jul 1765 - 15 Jul 1795     Sultan Long Yunus ibni al-Marhum    (d. 1795)
                             Raja Long Sulaiman
1795 - 1800                Tengku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum 
                             Sultan Mansur
1800 - 26 Jan 1835         Sultan Muhammad I ibni al-Marhum    (b. 1741 - d. 1835)
                             Long Yunus
26 Jan 1835 - 30 Oct 1886  Sultan Muhammad II ibni al-Marhum   (b. c.1794 - d. 1886)
                             Temenggong Tengku Long Lan 
                           - jointly with -
1835 - 1836                Tengku Long Zainal
30 Oct 1886 -  3 Mar 1890  Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan  (d. 1890) 
                             Muhammad 
 3 Mar 1890 - 11 May 1891  Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum  (b. 1845 - d. 1891) 
                             Sultan Ahmad 
23 Sep 1890 - 11 May 1891  Long Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan   (b. 1870 - d. 1900)
                             Ahmad -Regent
11 May 1891 - 26 Jul 1898  Sultan Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan (s.a.) 
                             Ahmad 
Sultan¹
26 Jul 1898 -  9 Feb 1900  Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad  (s.a.)
Raja¹
 9 Feb 1900 - 22 Jun 1911  Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum   (b. 1870 - d. 1920)
                             Sultan Muhammad
Sultans¹
22 Jun 1911 - 23 Dec 1920  Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan   (s.a.)
                             Muhammad
23 Dec 1920 - 20 Aug 1943  Ismail ibni al-Marhum Sultan        (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
                             Muhammad
 8 Sep 1945 -  9 Jul 1960  Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan       (b. 1897 - d. 1960)
                             Muhammad
 9 Jul 1960 - 29 Mar 1979  Yahya Petra ibni al-Marhum Sultan   (b. 1917 - d. 1979)
                             Ibrahim 
21 Sep 1975 - 29 Mar 1979  Tengku Ismail Petra -Regent         (b. 1949)
29 Mar 1979 -              Ismail Petra ibni al-Marhum Sultan 
                             Yahya Petra                       (s.a.)

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1886 - 1890                Nik Yusof bin Nik Abdul Majid
                             (1st time)
1890 - 1894                Said bin Ngah
1894 - 1900                Nik Yusof bin Nik Abdul Majid
                             (2nd time)
1900 - 1920                Hassan bin Mohamed Salleh
1921 - 1944                Nik Mahmud bin Ismail
1944 - 1953                Nik Ahmed Kamil bin Nik Mahmud
1953 - 1959                Mohamed Hamzah bin Zainal Abidin
1959 - 1964                Datuk Ishak bin Lotfi Omar                              PAS
1964 - 1974                Datuk Mohd Asri Muda               (b. 1923 - d. 1992)  PAS 
1974 - Mar 1978            Datuk Mohamad Nasir                (b. 1916 - d. 1997)  BERJASA
Mar 1978 - 22 Oct 1990     Datuk (from 1982, Datuk Amar; from
                             1988, Tan Sri) Mohamed Yaacob    (b. 1926)            UMNO
22 Oct 1990 -              Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat             (b. 1931)            PAS
                            (from 28 Mar 1995, Dato' Nik Abdul 
                             Aziz Nik Mat) 

Thai Advisor
1903 - 1909                Walter Armstrong Graham            (b. 1868 - d. 1949)
British Advisers
1910 - 1913                J.S. Mason
1913 - 1917                William Langham-Carter             (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1917 - 1919                Roland John Farrer (acting)        (b. 1873 - d. 1956)
1919 - 1923                Henry Wagstaffe Thomson            (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1923 - 1926                Arthur Furley Worthington          (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
1924 - 1925                H.C. Eckhardt 
                             (acting for Worthington)
1926 - 1928                George Ernest Shaw                 (b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1928 - 1930                Reginald John Byard Clayton        (b. 1875 - d. 1962)
1930 - 1933                Alwyn Sidney Haynes                (b. 1878 - d. 1963)
1931 - 1932                T.P. Coe (acting for Haynes)
Feb 1934 - Jul 1934        William Douglas Barron (acting)    (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
Jul 1934 - 1940            Alan Custance Baker                (b. 1885 - d. 1969)

1940 - 1941                E.T. Williams
Japanese Governors
1941 - 1943                Yashushi Sunakawan
1943 - 20 Aug 1943         Kikura Fujisawa
Thai officers
1943 - 1944                Charu Chaichan
1944 - 1945                Tharin Rawang Phu
British Advisers
1945 - 1946                ....
1946                       William Alexander Gordon-Hall      (b. 1894 - d. 19..)
1946 - 19..                William Foster Norton Churchill    (b. 1898 - d. 19..)    
1952 - 1953?               A.N. Ross                          (b. 1905)
1953 - 1954?
              D. Headley (acting)                (b. 1908)
1954? - 1957               ....

 ¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) to 1898, 1900-1911: Raja and Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Kelantan;
(b) 1898-1900 and from 1911: Ke Bawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia al-Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Bagi Negara Kelantan Darul Naim ("Sultan and Head of the State of Kelantan").



Kuala Lumpur
 
[Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)]
                   Adopted 15 May 1990
 
[Federal Territories (Malaysia)]
   Adopted 26 May 2006 Federal Territory Flag
 
Capital: Kuala Lumpur 
Hear Local Anthem
"Anthem Wilayah Persekutuan
Kuala Lumpur"
Federal Territory Anthem
"Maju Dan Sejahtera"
(Progress and Prosperity)
Adopted 23 May 2006
Population: 1,379,310 (2000)

 1 Feb 1972                Kuala Lumpur becomes a city and the office
                             of Lord Mayor is established.
 1 Feb 1974                Federal territory (formerly part of Selangor).

Lord Mayors (Datuk Bandar)
 1 Feb 1972 - 15 May 1972  Datuk Lokman bin Yusof             (b. 1910 - d. 1972)  Non-party
Jul 1972 -  1 Feb 1983     Tan Sri Yaacob bin Abdul Latiff    (b. 1918)            Non-party
 1 Feb 1983 - 17 Nov 1992  Tan Sri Datuk Elyas bin Omar       (b. 1936)            Non-party
17 Nov 1992 - 14 Dec 1995  Datuk Mazlan bin Ahmad             (b. 1943)            Non-party
14 Dec 1995 - 14 Dec 2001  Tan Sri Datuk Kamaruzzaman Shariff (b. 1941)            Non-party
14 Dec 2001 - 14 Dec 2004  Datuk Mohmad Shaid Mohd Taufek     (b. 1947)            Non-party
14 Dec 2004 -              Datuk Ruslin Hasan                 (b. 1950)            Non-party



Labuan
 
[British Colony of Labuan 1865-1907, 1912-1946]
                   1912 - 10 Jul 1946
 
[British Straits Settlements]
            1906 - 1942 Straits Settlements
 
[Labuan (Malaysia)]
                 Adopted 16 Sep 1963
 
[Federal Territories (Malaysia)]
   Adopted 26 May 2006 Federal Territory Flag
 



Capital: Victoria
Hear Local Anthem
"Maju Dan Sejahtera"
(Progress and Prosperity)
Adopted 23 May 2006
Population: 76,067 (2000)

10 Dec 1846                Labuan Island ceded to Britain by Sultan of Brunei.
 1 Aug 1848                British colony
 1 Apr 1867                Crown colony
 1 Jan 1890                Administered by British North Borneo (see Sabah).
 1 Jan 1906                Labuan returns to British colonial administration.
30 Oct 1906                Labuan annexed to the Straits Settlements (see Singapore).
1912                       Labuan a separate settlement within Straits Settlements.
 3 Jan 1942 - 10 Jun 1945  Occupied by Japan (renamed Pulau Maida), part of Northern
                             Borneo (see Sabah).
10 Jun 1945 - 15 Jul 1946  Allied military administration (see under Sabah).
15 Jul 1946                Part of British North Borneo.
16 Sep 1963                British North Borneo joins Malaysia as Sabah
                             (with Labuan a district of Sabah).
16 Apr 1984                Labuan Federal territory.

Governors
27 Nov 1847 - Nov 1852     James Brooke                       (b. 1803 - d. 1868)
                             (from 27 Apr 1848, Sir James Brooke) 
1852 - 1856                Spenser St. John                   (b. 1825 - d. 1910)
Lieutenant governors (acting for the governors)
1848 - 1850                William Napier
1850 - 1856                John Scott                         (b. 1814 - d. 1898)
Governors
1856 - 1861                George Warren Edwards
1861 - 1866                Jeremiah Thomas Fitzgerald         (b. c.1830 - d. 1881)
                             Callaghan
1866 - 1867                Hugh Low                           (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
1867 - 1871                John Pope Hennessy                 (b. 1834 - d. 1891)
1871 - 1875                Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer       (b. 1836 - d. 1914)
 9 Aug 1875 - 1879         Herbert Taylor Ussher              (b. 1836 - d. 1880)
1879 - 1881                Charles Cameron Lees               (b. 1837 - d. 1898)
1881 - 1888                Peter Leys
1888 - 1890                Arthur Shirley Hamilton
1890 - 1906                the governors of North Borneo
1906 - 1946                the governors of the Straits Settlements
Deputy governors
1906 - 1946                the British Residents in Brunei
British Residents
1907 - 19..                M.S.H. McArthur
Feb 1917 - 1918            
Geoffrey Edmund Cator              (b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1918 - 1934                ....
1934 - 1936                A.D. York                          (b. 1907)
1936 - 1940                ....
1940 -  3 Jan 1942         A.H.P. Humphrey                    (b. 1911)

Japanese commanders

 3 Jan 1942 - Mar 1945     ....
Mar 1945 - 10 Jun 1945     Hichiro Okuyama

British Residents
1945 - 16 Sep 1963         ....
Chief administrators

1994? - Feb 1997           Nawawi Kamaruddin
Feb 1997 - Feb 1999        Dato' Baseri Lamsah                (b. 1948)
Feb 1999 - Feb 2000        Datuk Muhammad Mohd Noor
Apr 2000 - 2001            Datuk Mohd Noor Moktar
Chairmen of Labuan Corporation 
2001 - 2003                Dato' Othman Mohd Rijal            (b. 1945)            UMNO 
Apr 2003 -                 Dato' Suhaili Abdul Rahman         (b. 1961)            UMNO/BN



Malacca  (Melaka)
 
[National flag of the Netherlands]
         1641 - 1795, 1818 - 1825
 
[Flag of the United Kingdom]
       1795 - 1818, 1825 - 1866, 1945 - 1951
 
Malacca colonial flag 1866-1867
                         1866 - 1867
 
[British Straits Settlements]
             1867 - 1942 Straits Settlements
 
[British Settlement of Malacca 1947-1957]
              14 Aug 1951 - 31 Aug 1957 
 
[Malacca (Malaysia)]
                  Adopted 31 Aug 1957
 
Capital: Melaka
(Malacca)
Hear State Anthem
"Melaka Maju Jaya"
(Onward Melaka)
Text of State Anthem
Population: 635,791 (2000)

24 Aug 1511                Malacca a Portuguese colony (subordinated to Goa).
14 Jan 1641                Malacca a Dutch colony.
15 Aug 1795 - 1802         British occupation.
1802                       Restored to the Dutch.
1807 - 21 Sep 1818         British occupation.
21 Sep 1818                Restored to the Dutch.
 5 Apr 1825                British colony.
14 Aug 1826                Part of Straits Settlements (see Singapore).
 1 Apr 1867                Crown colony
15 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

Captains-major
1512 - 1514                Ruí de Brito Patalim
1514 - 1516                Jorge de Albuquerque (1st time)
1516 - 1517                Jorge de Brito
1517 - 1518                Nuno Vaz Pereira
1518 - 1519                Afonso Lopes da Costa
1519 - 1521                Garcia de Sá (1st time)
1521 - 1525                Jorge de Albuquerque (2nd time)
1525 - 1526                Pedro de Mascarenhas
1526 - 1528                Jorge Cabral
1528 - 1529                Pedro de Faria (1st time)
1529 - 1533                Garcia de Sá (2nd time)
1533 - 1534                Paulo da Gama
1534 - 1538                Estêvão da Gama
1539 - 1542                Pedro de Faria (2nd time)
1543 - 1544                Ruí Vaz Pereira Marramoque
1544 - 1545                Simão Botelho de Andrade
1545                       Garcia de Sá (3rd time)
1545 - 1548                Simão de Melo
1548 - 1552                Pedro da Silva da Gama
1552                       Francisco Álvares
1552 - 1554                Álvaro de Ataíde
1554 - 1556                António de Noronha
1556 - 1557                João Pereira
1557 - 1560                João de Mendonça
1560 - 1564                Francisco de Eça
1564 - 1567                Diogo de Meneses 
1567 - 1570                Leonís Pereira (1st time)
1570 - 1571                Francisco da Costa
1571 - 1573                Antonio Moniz Barreto
1573                       Miguel de Castro (1st time)
1573 - 1574                Leonís Pereira (2nd time)
1574 - 1575                Tristão Vaz da Veiga
1575 - 1577                Miguel de Castro (2nd time)
1577 - 1579                Aires de Saldanha
1581?- 1582                Joao da Gama
1582 - 1584                Roque de Melo
1584 - 1587                João da Silva
May 1587 - Feb 1588        João Ribeira Gaio (acting)
1588 - 15..                Nuno Velho Pereira
15.. - 15..                Diogo Lôbo
15.. - 1594                Pedro Lopes de Sousa
1597? - 1598               Francisco da Silva Meneses
1598 - 1599                Martim Afonso de Melo Coutinho
1599 - 1603                Fernão de Albuquerque
1603 - 1606                André Furtado de Mendonça
1606 - 1607                Antonio de Meneses
1610 - 1613                Francisco Henriques
1613 - 1615                Gaspar Afonso de Melo
1615                       João Caiado de Gambôa
1615 - 1616                Antonio Pinto da Fonseca
1617 - 1617?               João da Silveira
1619?                      Lopes de Sousa
1624?                      Filipe de Sousa
162. - 1626                Luís de Melo
16.. - 1634                Gaspar de Melo Sampaio
1634 - 1635?               Álvaro de Castro
163. - 1636                Francisco de Sousa de Castro
1636 - 1638                Diogo Coutinho Doçem
1638 - 14 Jan 1641         Manuel de Sousa Coutinho
Captains-general
(exercised supervision over Malacca and surrounding waters 
under Portuguese control during the struggle with the Dutch)
1616 - 1635                António Pinto da Fonseca
1635 - 1637                Francisco Coutinho Doçem
1637 - 14 Jan 1641         Luís Martins de Sousa Chichorro
Governors
1641 - 1642                Jan van Twist
1642 - 1645                Jeremias van Vliet
1645 - 1646                Arnout de Vlamingh van Oudtshoon
1646 - 1662                Jan Thyszoon Payart
1662 - 1665                Jan Anthonie van Riebeeck
1665 - 1679                Balthasar Bort
1679 - 1680                Jacob Joriszoon Pits
1680 - 1684                Cornelis van Quaelberg
1684 - 1686                Nikolaas Schaghen
1686                       Dirk Komans (1st time)
1686 - 1691                Thomas Slicher
1691 - 1692                Dirk Komans (2nd time)
1692 - 1697                Gelmer Vosberg
 1 Jan 1697 - 24 Nov 1700  Goevert van Hoorn
24 Nov 1700 - 18 Jan 1704  Bernhard Phoonsen
18 Jan 1704 - 22 May 1704  Johan Grotenhuys (acting)
22 May 1704 -  7 Mar 1707  Karel Bolner
 7 Mar 1707 - 26 Dec 1709  Pieter Rooselaar
26 Dec 1709 - 21 May 1711  Willem Six
21 May 1711 - 11 May 1717  Willem Moerman                     (b. 16.. - d. 1717)
1717 - 1726                Herman van Suchtelen
1726 - 1730                Johan Frederik Gobius
1730 - 1735                Pieter Rochus Pasques de Chavonnes
1735 - 1741                Roger de Lavez
1741 - 1748                Willem Bernard Albinus
1748 - 1753                Pieter van Heemskerk
1753 - 1758                Willem Dekker
1758 - 1764                David Boelen
1764 - 1771                Thomas Schippers
1771 - 1775                Jan Crans
1775 - 1788                Pieter Gerardus de Bruijn
1788 -  1 Dec 1795         Abraham Couperus
Residents
15 Aug 1795 - 1795         Archibald Brown                    (b. 17.. - d. 1825)
1795 - 1796                Thomas Parr                        (b. 17.. - d. 1807)
1796 - 1797                Richard Tolson
1797 - 1798                David Campbell                     (b. 1747 - d. 1828)
1798 - 1803                Aldwell Taylor
1802                       Willem Jacob Cranssen -Dutch Governor
1803 - 1818                William Farquhar                   (b. 1770 - d. 1839)
Governors
21 Sep 1818 - 16 Dec 1822  Jan Samuel Timmermann Thijssen
16 Dec 1822 - 17 Mar 1824  A. Keok (acting)
17 Mar 1824 -  9 Apr 1825  Hendrik Stephanus van Son
Resident Councillors
1825                       Walter Sewell Cracroft             (d. 1864)
1825 - 1826                Thomas Dolman Lloyd-Davies         (b. 1790 - d. 1828)
1826                       Edward Presgrave                   (b. c.1795 - d. 1830)
1826                       William Gordon Mackenzie           (b. 1785 - d. 1842)
1826 - 1835                Samuel Garling                     (d. 1857)
1835 - 1841                ....
1841 - 18..                James William Salmond 
1843 - 1844                William Thomas Lewis (1st time)    (b. 1791 - d. 1875)
1844 - 1846                ....
1846 - 1847                William Thomas Lewis (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1847 - 1849                Edmund Augustus Blundell
1849 - 18..                Ilay Ferrier                       (b. 1809 - d. 1854)
18.. - 1855                William Thomas Lewis (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1855 - 1857                Henry Stuart Man                   (b. 1815 - d. 1898)
1857 - 1859                Ronald MacPherson                  (b. 1817 - d. 1869)
1859 - 1860                Frederick Lyon Playfair (1st time)
1860 - 1861                James Burn (1st time)
1861 - 1864                Frederick Lyon Playfair (2nd time)
1864 - 1867                James Burn (2nd time)
1867                       Frederick Lyon Playfair (3rd time)
1867 - 1869                William Wellington Cairns          (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
 8 Mar 1869 - 1879         Edward Wingfield Shaw
1879 - 1883                Charles John Irving                (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
1883 - 1895                Dudley Francis Amelius Hervey      (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
1895 - 1897                Charles Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley    (b. 1849 - d. 1904)
1897 - 1898                Adelbert P. Talbot                 (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
1898 - 1904                James Kortright Birch              (b. 1850 - d. 19..)
1904 - 1905                Frederick G. Penney
1905 - 1907                Robert Norman Bland                (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
1907 - 1910                William Evans                      (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
Residents
1910 - 1911                Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan   (b. 1866 - d. 19..)
                             (1st time)(acting)
24 May 1911 - 22 Jan 1912  Hayes Marriott 
1912                       Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)(acting)
1912 - 1914                ....
1914 - 1915                Walter Cecil Mitchell
1915                       Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)(acting)
1915 - 1920                ....
15 Mar 1920 -  6 Jan 1921  Ralph Scott                        (b. 1874 - d. 19..) 
Resident Councillors
1921 - 1922                Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan   (s.a.)
1922 - 1925                William Langham-Carter             (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1925 - 1926                Ralph Scott                        (s.a.)
1926                       Reginald Crighton (acting)
1926 - 1928                Meadows Frost                      (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
16 Nov 1928 - 10 Apr 1930  Bertram Walter Elles               (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
1930                       C.F.J. Green
1930 - 1932                William Miles Millington           (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
1932 - 1933                C.H.G. Clarke
1934                       James Startin Wills Arthur         (b. 1881 - d. 19..)
                             (acting)
Oct 1934 - 1936            George William Bryant              (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
1936                       George Rognvald Sykes (acting)     (b. 1889 - d. 19..)
1936 - 1941                James Startin Wills Arthur         (s.a.)

Japanese Governors
1942 - 1944                Ken Tsurumi
1944 - 1945                Takeo Kinukawa
Resident Commissioners
1946 - 1947                Edward Victor Grace Day            (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1947 - 1951                John Falconer                      (b. 1898)
1951 - 1954                George Evan Cameron Wisdom         (b. 1899 - d. 1958)
1954 - 31 Aug 1957         Harold George Hammett              (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
Governors 
31 Aug 1957 - 31 Aug 1959  Tun Leong Yew Koh                  (b. 1888 - d. 1963)
31 Aug 1959 - 31 Aug 1971  Tun Abdul Malik bin Yusuf          (b. 1899)
31 Aug 1971 - 23 May 1975  Tun Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid     (b. 1908)
23 May 1975 -  4 Dec 1984  Tun Syed Zahiruddin bin Syed       (b. 1918)
                             Hassan 
 4 Dec 1984 -  4 Jun 2004  Tan Sri (from 1987, Tun) Syed
                             Ahmad Shahabuddin                (b. 1925)
 4 Jun 2004 -              Tan Sri (from 28 Jul 2004, Tun)
                             Khalil Yaakob                    (b. 1937)

Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
31 Aug 1957 -  1 Jun 1959  Datuk Kurnia Jasa Othman bin Talib
 1 Jun 1959 -  6 Oct 1967  Abdul Ghafar Baba                  (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
 6 Oct 1967 -  1 Aug 1972  Datuk Talib bin Karim
 1 Aug 1972 - 11 Jul 1978  Datuk Setia Abdul Ghani Ali        (b. 1923? - d. 2004)
11 Jul 1978 - 26 Apr 1982  Mohd Adib Adam                     (b. 1941)
22 Apr 1982 - 17 Jul 1994  Rahim Thamby Chik                  (b. 1950)            UMNO/BN
                             (from 1983, Dato' Rahim Thamby Chik; 
                             from 1984, Datuk Seri Rahim Thamby Chik;
                             from 1990, Tan Sri Rahim Thamby Chik) 
14 Oct 1994 - 14 May 1997  Datuk (from 14 Oct 1995, Datuk
                             Seri) Mohd Zin Abdul Ghani       (b. 1941 - d. 1997)  UMNO/BN
                             (acting to 2 Dec 1994)
22 May 1997 -  2 Dec 1999  Datuk Abu Zahar Isnin              (b. 1939)            UMNO/BN
 2 Dec 1999 -              Datuk Wira (from 13 Oct 2001,
                             Datuk Seri) Mohd Ali Rustam      (b. 1949)            UMNO/BN


Naning

1641                       State of Naning founded.
1832                       Annexed by U.K. to Malacca.

Rulers (title Maharaja Lela)
.... - 1801                Datuk Anjak
1801 - 1832                Datuk Abdul Saiyid



Negeri Sembilan

[Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia)]
                      Adopted 1895
 
Capital: Seremban
Hear State Anthem
"Berkatlah Yang DiPertuan
Besar Negeri Sembilan" 
Text of State Anthem
Adopted 1912
Population: 859,924 (2000)

1773                       Negeri Sembilan (a confederation of nine states)
                             established.
1876                       State reduced and renamed Sri Menanti.
1888                       British protectorate.
 1 Jul 1896                Part of Federated Malay States.
1897                       Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus re-established.
14 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Occupied by Japan.
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

Rulers, with the title Yang Di-Pertuan Besar¹
1773 - 1795                Sultan Mahmud ibni Sultan         (d. 1795) 
                             Abdul Jalil 
1795 - 1808                Raja Hitam                        (b. 17.. - d. 1808)
1808 - 1824                Raja Lenggang Laut                (d. 1824)
1824                       Raja Radin ibni Raja              (b. c.1823 - d. 1861)
                             Lenggang Laut (1st time)
1824 - 1826                Raja Kerjan -Regent               (d. 1844)
1826 - 30 Nov 1831         Yamtuan Sati
30 Nov 1831 - 1833         Raja Radin ibni Raja              (s.a.)
                             Lenggang Laut (2nd time) 
1833 - 1836                Raja Ali bin Daeng Alampaki       (d. 1850)
1836 - 1861                Raja Radin ibni Raja              (s.a.)
                             Lenggang Laut (3rd time) 
1861 - 1869                Yamtuan Ulin                      (d. 1869)
1869 - 22 Oct 1888         Tengku Antah ibni Yamtuan Radin   (d. 1888)
1869 - 1872                Tuanku Ampuan Intan (f) -Regent
22 Oct 1888 -  1 Aug 1933  Tuanku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum    (b. 1865 - d. 1933)
                             Yamtuan Antah 
 3 Aug 1933 -  1 Apr 1960  Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni          (b. 1895 - d. 1960)
                             al-Marhum Yamtuan Muhammad 
31 Aug 1957 -  1 Apr 1960  Tuanku Munawir -Regent            (b. 1922 - d. 1967)
 5 Apr 1960 - 14 Apr 1967  Tuanku Laksman Munawir ibni       (s.a.)
                             al-Marhum Yamtuan Abdul Rahman
19 Apr 1967 -              Tuanku Jaafar ibni al-Marhum      (b. 1922)
                             Yamtuan Abdul Rahman
26 Apr 1994 - 26 Apr 1999  Tuanku Naquiyuddin -Regent        (b. 1947)

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
 1 Feb 1948 - 11 Aug 1950  Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (1st time)
11 Aug 1950 -  1 Jan 1951  Mohamad Salleh bin Sulaiman
 1 Jan 1951 - 15 Apr 1952  Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (2nd time)