Islands of the Netherlands Antilles

                Adopted 15 Dec 1981 

 6 Sep 1499                Discovered and claimed for Spain by Amerigo Vespucci 
                             and Alonso de Ojeda, named Isla de Palo Brasil.
1502                       Part of New Andalucia (from 1524, New Granada).
 9 Feb 1635                Bonaire a Dutch colony (formally from Mar 1636)
                             (subordinate to Curaçao).
1636 - 1792                Under Dutch West India Company administration.
1642 - 1642                Brief Spanish occupation. 
1647 - 1664                Part of New Netherland colony (see New York).
Jan 1807 - 27 May 1815     British occupation.
10 Sep 2004                Referendum supports closer ties by becoming 
                             a separate part of The Netherlands by 59.5%.
12 Oct 2006                Agreement with The Netherlands on becoming a municipality
                             of The Netherlands.
15 Dec 2008                Date set for dissolution of Netherlands Antilles.

Commanders
1642?                      Jacob Lopper
1643 - 16..                Pieter Frederickszoon van
                             Maegdenborch
16.. - 1657                Hugo Claessen
1657 - 16..                Volckert Caertzen 
                             (Johan van Galen) 
1659? - 1661?              Hans Frederickszoon Crab (1st time)
1670? - 16..               Hans Frederickszoon Crab (2nd time)
1679 - 1681                Johannes Bontemantel
168. - 1682?               Benjamin Meijten (acting)
1682?                      Schellinger
14 Jul 1686 - 23 Mar 1688  Jan Kip
14 Jun 1688 - 1690         Nicolaes van Beek de Jonge
1690 - 1695                Jan Burggraeff (1st time)          (b. 16.. - d. 1714)
1695 - 1699                Isaac Lamont?
1699 - 1705                Jan Burggraeff (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1705 - 1712                Pieter Born (1st time)
1712 - 1714                Hans Jurgen Cramer
1714 - 1719                Pieter Born (2nd time)
 1 Dec 1719 - 30 Jul 1723  Pieter Scholten (provisional)      (b. 16.. - d. 1723)
1723 - 1738                Jan Hendrik Geerkens               (b. 16.. - d. 1738)
                             (provisional to 1729)
31 May 1738 - 1750         Frederik Zaunslifer
                             (provisional to 17..)
15 Aug 1750 -  2 Feb 1756  Johannes Philippus Eijlbracht      (d. 1756)
 2 Feb 1756 - 12 Nov 1768  Theunis Dirkszoon Kock             (d. 1782)
12 Nov 1768 - 1780         Andreas Daal                       (b. 1733 - d. ....)
1780 - 1795                Christiaan Gerard Dammers
                             (provisional to 1784)
Vice-commanders
11 Aug 1795 -  4 Jun 1796  Barent Dirkszoon Kock (1st time)
                             (acting)
 4 Jun 1796 - 30 Sep 1797  Michiel de Groot (provisional)
30 Sep 1797 - 29 Oct 1805  Barent Dirkszoon Kock (2nd time)
29 Oct 1805 - 27 May 1815  Johannes Palm Hzn. (interim)
Jan 1807 - 27 May 1815     Jean François du Briel
                             (British superintendent)
Commanders
27 May 1815 - 11 Oct 1817  Samuel Bartholomeus van den Broek  (b. 17.. - d. 1817)
                             (vice-commander to 1816)
11 Oct 1817 - 23 Mar 1827  Isaac Debrot                       (b. 1771 - d. 18..)
23 Mar 1827 - 21 Mar 1840  Claas Schotborgh                   (b. 1775 - d. 1840)
24 Mar 1840 - Jun 1848     Jan Schotborgh Claaszoon           (b. 1800? - d. 1876)
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
Jun 1848 -  1 Apr 1854     Jan Schotborgh Claaszoon           (s.a.)
Aug 1853 -  5 Jan 1859     Cornelis Boyé                      (b. 1805 - d. ....)
                             (acting for Schotborgh to 1 Apr 1854)
21 Jan 1859 - 14 Dec 1865  Herman François Gerardus Wagner    (b. 1822 - d. 1904)
14 Mar 1866 -  1 Jun 1871  Edouard Dénis Ernest van den
                             Bossche                          (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
 1 Jun 1871 - 20 Feb 1873  Jan Helenus Ferguson (acting)      (b. 1826 - d. 1908)
20 Feb 1873 - 20 Oct 1881  John George Louis Illidge van
                             Romondt                          (b. 1833 - d. 1896)
20 Oct 1881 - 10 Jul 1885  Johan Hendrik Waters Gravenhorst
10 Jul 1885 - 15 Mar 1890  Vincent Rogers van Romondt         (b. 18.. - d. 1899)
10 Aug 1890 - 13 Jun 1910  Arend Evert Johannes van den
                             Brandhof                         (b. 1861 - d. 1910)
20 Apr 1905 -  1 Jun 1907  Herman Statius Muller
                             (acting for Brandhof)
28 Jun 1910 - 16 Apr 1920  Jacob Achilles Petrus Thielen      (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
                             (acting to 1 May 1911)
- Acting for Thielen -
 1 Dec 1918 -  1 Mar 1919  P.L. Gorsira
11 Apr 1919 - 16 Apr 1919  Carel Pieter de Haseth             (b. 1882 - d. 1928)
27 Oct 1919 - 21 Nov 1919  Jan Louis Carel Monsanto
 7 Mar 1920 - 13 Mar 1920  Julio Herrera
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
25 Apr 1920 - 20 Jul 1921  Carel Pieter de Haseth             (s.a.)
20 Jul 1921 -  6 Sep 1923  Richard Johannes Beaujon, Jr.      (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
 1 Oct 1923 - 20 Aug 1927  Johan Hendrik Perret Gentil Lz.    (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
- Acting for Perret Gentil -
 6 Apr 1925 - 29 Apr 1925  William Rufus Plantz (1st time)    (b. 1895 - d. 1984)
22 Nov 1925 - 17 Jan 1926  William Rufus Plantz (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 7 Aug 1927 - 12 Aug 1927  William Rufus Plantz (3rd time)    (s.a.)
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
20 Aug 1927 -  7 Feb 1928  William Rufus Plantz               (s.a.)
11 Feb 1928 - 31 Dec 1934  Herman Bernard Cornelis Schotborgh (b. 1898 - d. ....)
 1 Jan 1935 - 26 Oct 1939  Johan Marin Statius van Eps        (b. 1894 - d. ....)
26 Oct 1939 -  7 Oct 1943  Pieter Hendrik van Leeuwen         (b. 1893 - d. ....)
31 Dec 1943 -  9 Feb 1952  Xavier Henri Charles Marie Krugers (b. 1896 - d. ....)
 9 Feb 1952 -  5 Nov 1956  Willem George Shon Weis de Haseth
                             (1st time)
Nov 1956 - Dec 1956        Hendrik Anthonius Hessling (acting)
12 Dec 1956 - 1957         Antonius Johannes van Hesteren     (b. 1922) 
                             (1st time)
1957 - 1958                Willem George Shon Weis de Haseth
                             (2nd time)
1958 - 1963                Antonius Johannes van Hesteren     (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
 6 Jan 1963 -  6 Jan 1969  Elias José Morkos                  (b. 1919 - d. 1982)
23 Jun 1969 - 24 May 1973  Raymundo Pedro Saleh
24 Mat 1973 - 18 Dec 1985  Alfred Richard Wenseslau Sint Jago
1985 - 1986                A.J. Cecilia
12 Feb 1986 -  1 Feb 1992  George Albert Soliana
 1 Feb 1992 - 31 Jan 1998  Frits Martinus de los Santos       (b. 1951)
                             Goedgedrag
31 Jan 1998 -  2 Dec 2003  Richard Nelson Hart                (b. 1943)
 2 Dec 2003 -              Herbert Filomeno Domacassé         (b. 1947?)
 

Leaders of the government
.... -                     Ramoncito Booi                                           UPB 
 
Party abbreviations: PDB = Partido Demokratiko Boneiriano/Partido Democratico Bonairano (Democratic Party of Bonaire); PBS = Partido Boneriano Sosial (Bonaire Social Party) 
UPB = Union Patritiko Boneiriano/Union Patriotico Bonairano (Patriotic Union of Bonaire, Bonaire regionalist)

                 Adopted 2 Jul 1984

26 Jul 1499                Discovered and claimed for Spain by Alonso de Ojeda, 
                             named Isla de los Gigantes (Island of the Giants).
1502                       Part of New Andalucia (from 1524, New Granada) as
                             Captaincy of Curaçao (including Aruba and Bonaire).
29 Jul 1634                Dutch colony.
1634 - 1792                Under Dutch West India Company administration.
1647 - 1664                Part of New Netherland colony (see New York).
18 Feb 1713 - 27 Feb 1713  French pirate occupation.
13 Sep 1800 - Jan 1803     British occupation.
 1 Jan 1807 -  4 Mar 1816  British occupation.
19 Nov 1993                In referendum Curaçao votes to remain within 
                             the Netherlands Antilles.
 8 Apr 2005                Referendum supports a "status aparte" as
                             a separate entity within The Netherlands by 68%.
 2 Nov 2006                Sint Maarten and Curacao sign agreement with The Netherlands
                             on "status aparte"
28 Nov 2006                Curaçao island council rejects "status aparte" agreement.
 9 Jul 2007                Curaçao island council accepts "status aparte" agreement.
15 Dec 2008                Date set for dissolution of Netherlands Antilles.

Governors
1525 - 1533                Juan Martínez de Ampuéz 
1533 - 1552                Lazaro Bejarano
.... - 1634                Alonso Lopez de Morla
Directors
29 Jul 1634 - 1639         Johannes van Walbeeck
1639 - 1641                Jacob Pieterszoon Tolck
1641                       Jan Claeszoon van Campen
1641 - 1642                Heyndrick Gerritszoon 
1642 - 1664                Pieter Stuijvesant
                             (in New Netherlands from 1647)
1647 - 1657                Lucas Rodenburch (vice-director)
1657 - 1668                Matthias Beck 
                             (to 1664, vice-director)
1668 - 1669                Willem Beck (1st time)(acting)
1669 - 1670                Lodewijk Boudewijns van Berlicum
1670                       Willem Beck (2nd time)(acting)
1670 - 1673                Dirk Otterink
1673 - 1679                Jan Doncker
1679 - 1683                Nicolaas van Liebergen
1683 - 1685                Jan van Erpecum
1685                       Apero van der Hoeven 
                             (acting)
1685 - 1686                Willibrord van Engelen (acting)
1686 - 1692                Willem Kerckrinck
1692 - 1693                Gualtenus Schagen (acting)
1693 - 1700                Bastiaan Bernagie 
                             (acting to 1694)
1700 - 1701                Coenraad Bergh
1701 - 1704                Nikolaas van Beck
1704                       Jeremias van Collen (1st time)
1704 - 1709                Jacob Beck
1709                       Jeremias van Collen (2nd time)
1709 - 1710                Abraham Beck
1710 - 1715                Jeremias van Collen (3rd time)
18 Feb 1713 - 27 Feb 1713  Jacques Cassard -French Commander  (b. 1679 - d. 1740)
1715 - 1720                Jonathan van Beuningen
1720 - 1721                Juan Pedro van Collen (1st time)
1721 - 1730                Jan Noach du Faij
1730 - 1738                Juan Pedro van Collen (2nd time)
1738 - 1740                Jan Gales 
1740 - 1758                Isaäc Faesch
1758 - 1761                Jean Isaie Claris Rodier 
                             de la Bruguière (1st time)
1761 - 1762                Jacob van Bosveld
1762 - 1781                Jean Isaie Claris Rodier 
                             de la Bruguière (2nd time)
1781 - 1782                Jan Lixraaven
1782 - 1796                Johannes Abrahamszoon de Veer
1796                       Jan Jacob Beaujon
1796 - 1800                Johan Rudolf Lauffer 
Governors
1800                       Hugh Seymour
1800                       Johan Rudolf Lauffer
1800 - 1801                Walter Tremenheere
1801                       William Carlyon Hughes (1st time)  (b. 17.. - d. 1808)
1801 - 1802                Arthur Whetham
1802 - 1803                William Carlyon Hughes (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1803                       Cornelius Berch
1803                       C.H. Bushman                       (b. 17.. - d. 1803)
1803 - 1804                Abraham de Veer
1804 -  1 Jan 1807         Pierre Jean Changuion
 1 Jan 1807 - 1807         William Henry Bolton               (b. 1767? - d. 1817)
1807                       Sir Charles Brisbane               (b. 1769 - d. 1829)
1807                       David Baillie
1807 - 1808                Micaiah Malbon
1808                       Robert Nicholas
1808 - 1809                Sir James Cockburn
1809 - 1811                John Thomas Layard
1811 - 1814                John Hodgson
1814 -  4 Mar 1816         John Le Couteur                    (b. 1761 - d. 1835)
Governors-general
 4 Mar 1816 - 1819         Albert Kikkert
1819 - 1820                Petrus Bernardus van Starkenborgh
1820                       Isaäk Johannes Rammelman Elsevier
Governor
1820 - 1828                Paulus Roelof Cantz'laar           (d. 1831)
Director
1828 - 1833                Isaäk Johannes Rammelman Elsevier
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
1833 - 1836                Isaäk Johannes Rammelman Elsevier
1836 - 1845                Reinier Frederik, baron van Raders (b. 1794 - d. 1868)
1845 - 1848                Rutgerus Hernamus Esser
Governors
1848 - 1951                the governors of the Netherlands Antilles
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
15 Apr 1951 - 1967         Michaël P. Gorsira                 (b. 1913 - d. 1994)
1967 - 1968                Willem George Shon Weis de Haseth
                             (acting)
1968 - 1969                Otto R.A. Beaujon                  (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
1969 - 1970                Elias José Morkos                  (b. 1919 - d. 1982)
1970 - 1976                Anno E. Kibbelaar
1976 - 1982                Ornelio "Kees" Martina             (b. 1930)
1982 - 1988                Ronald "Ronny" Anthony Casseres    (b. 1939 - d. 1988)
1989? - 199.               Elmer Wilsoe                       (b. 1943)
 1 Oct 1994 - 2000         Stanley M. Betrian
2000 -                     Lizanne Marie Richards-Dindial (f) (b. 1957)
 

Leaders of the government
19.. - 19..                Maria Liberia-Peters (f)           (b. 1941)            PNP
 
Party abbreviations: DP = Demokratische Partij (Democratic Party, liberal, Curaçao); 
FOL = Partido Frente Obrero Liberashon 30 Di Mei (Party Workers' Liberation Front 30th of May, socialist, Curacao); MAN = Movimentu Antiyas Nobo (New Antilles Movement, social-democratic -Curaçao); PAR = Partido Antia Restruktur/Partido Antiá Restrukturá (Party for the Restructured Antilles, centrist, Curaçao); PLKP = Partido Laboral Krusada Popular (Labor Party People's Crusade, progressive, Curaçao); PNP = Partido Nashonal di Pueblo/Nationale Volkspartij (National People's Party, christian-democratic, Curaçao); SIFOL = Soshal Independiente Frente Obrero de Liberashon (Social Independence-Workers' Liberation Front, socialist, Curaçao)

               Adopted 6 Dec 1985

Map of Saba	Capital: The Bottom	Population: 1,467 (2007)
Currency: Netherlands  Antillean Guilder (ANG)	Hear Local Anthem "Saba  Song" Adopted 6 Dec 1985	Local Holiday:  6 Dec (1985) Saba Day

Vice-commanders
1640 - 1665                ....
Commander
1665                       Thomas Morgan
Vice-commanders
1665 - 1672                ....
Commanders
1672 - 1679                Andruson
1679 - 1682                ....
Vice-commanders
1682 - 1687                Jan Zeegers
1687 - 1689                Engel van Bevershoudt
1690 - 1696                Lucas Schorer
1696 - 1699                Adriaan Runnels, Jr.
1699 - 1700                James Hassell
1700 - 1701                Lucas Schorer
1701 - 170.                Jacob Leverock
1705 - 1720                Jacobus Simmons
1720 - 1743                Charles Simmons
1743 - 1778                Pieter Simmons
1778 - 1781                Thomas Dinzey
1781                       Sir James Cockburn
                             (British commander)
1781 - 1801                Thomas Dinzey
Commander
1801 - 1803                Thomas Dinzey
Vice-governors
1803 - 1809                Thomas Dinzey
1810 - 1825                Edward Beaks, Sr.
1825 - 1829                Edward Beaks, Jr.
1829 - 1830                Richard Johnson
1830                       Henry J. Hassell 
 5 May 1830 - 1833         Thomas Dinzey Winfield             (d. 1836)
Commanders
1833 - 15 Jun 1836         Thomas Dinzey Winfield             (s.a.)
15 Jun 1836 - 1848         Edward Beaks, Jr.
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
1848 - 1863                Edward Beaks, Jr.
1863 - 1875                Mozes Leverock                     (d. 1875)
1875 - 1880                Jan Jacob Beaujon Quast            (d. 1880)
1880                       Johan W. Hassell (1st time)
                             (acting)
1880 - 1881                Johan Hendrik Waters Gravenhorst
1882 - 1883                Marius Lodewijk Statius van Eps    (d. 1883)
1883                       Johan W. Hassell (2nd time)
                             (acting)
1883 - 1885                Jacques Joseph Jonckheer
1885 - 1888                Jacob Thielen II                   (b. 1834 - d. 1915)
1888 - 1895                Abraham Jan Cornelis Brouwer       (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1895 - 1897                Johannes Adriaan de Veer           (b. 1853 - d. 1899)
1897 - 1898                Gerard Raven Zeppenfeldt           (b. 1863 - d. 19..)
1898 - 1899                Thomas Holm (1st time)(acting)
1899 - 1907                Hendrik Johannes Beaujon           (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
1907 - 1908                Jacob Achilles Petrus Thielen      (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
                             (acting)
1908 - 1917                Pieter Lourens Gorsira
1917 - 1918                Antoine Raven Beaujon (acting)
1918 - 1919                Willem Anne Constant Willemsen     (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
                             (acting)
Deputy administrators (plaatsvervangende gezaghebbers)
1919 - 1920                Q.L. Rigaud
1920 - 1921                Johan Hendrik Peiliker Schrils
1921 - 1927                Willem Frederik Meinhardt Lampe    (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
1927 - 1930                Xavier Henri Charles Marie Krugers (b. 1896 - d. ....)
                             (1st time)
1930 - 1932                Hendrik Anthonius Hessling
1932 - 1933                Jonkheer Willem de Brauw (1st time)
1933 - 1935                Xavier Henri Charles Marie Krugers (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1935                       Anthony Hendrik Marinus van Weel 
                             (1st time)
1935 - 1936                Jonkheer Willem de Brauw (2nd time)
1936 - 1937                Anthony Hendrik Marinus van Weel 
                             (2nd time)
Subadministrators (ondergezaghebbers)
1937 - 1939                Anthony Hendrik Marinus van Weel
1939 - 1943                Xavier Henri Charles Marie Krugers (s.a.)
1943                       P.E. Nassy
1943 - 1950                Maximiliaan Joseph Huith
1950 - 1951                Pieter Dijkstra
Administrators (administrateurs)
1951 - 1952                Pieter Dijkstra
1952                       L. de Hoop
1952 - 1955                Ludwig Reginals Carty
1955 - 1958                Walter Granville Buncamper
1958 - 1960                Edward Carl Labega
1960 - 1962                Henry Carlyle Every
1962                       Reinier O. van Delden (1st time)
                             (acting)
1962 - 1964                Louis Meindert Overberg
1964                       Reinier O. van Delden (2nd time)
                             (acting)
1964 - 1969                Gerardus van de Wal
1969 - 1971                Joseph E. Richardson
1971                       John A. Amslijn (acting)
1971 - 1973                Eugenius A. Johnson (1st time)      (d. 1995)
1973                       Laurens Rosema
1973 - 1974                Victor R. Abraham
1974 - 1975                John C. Woods (acting)
1975 - 1977                George R. Sleeswijk (1st time)
1977                       William S. Johnson (1st time)
                             (acting)
1977                       Eugenius A. Johnson (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1977 - 1978                William S. Johnson (2nd time)
                             (acting)
1978 - 1981                Thadeus G. Larmonie
1981                       George R. Sleeswijk (2nd time)
                             (acting)
1981 - 1983                Raphaël A.M. Sorton
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
 1 Apr 1983 -  1 Nov 1983  Raphaël A.M. Sorton (acting)
 1 Nov 1983 -  2 Nov 1989  Wycliffe S. Smith                   (b. 1948)
 2 Nov 1989 - 19 Nov 1998  Sydney A.E. Sorton (1st time)       (b. 1947?)
19 Nov 1998 -  1 Apr 2006  Antoine J.M. Solagnier              (b. 1964)
 1 Apr 2006 -  2 Jul 2008  Sydney A.E. Sorton (2nd time)       (s.a.) 
 2 Jul 2008 -              Jonathan G.A. Johnson 

Leaders of the government
c.1985 -  2 Jul 2007       Will S. Johnson                                          WIPM
 2 Jul 2007 -              Christopher "Chris" Johnson                              WIPM

Party abbreviations: SLP = Saba Labor Party; WIPM = Windward Islands People's Movement (Saba regionalist)

              Adopted 16 Nov 2004
 

Map of Sint Eustatius	Capital: Oranjestad	Population: 2,618 (2007)
Currency: Netherlands  Antillean Guilder (ANG)	Local Anthem "The Golden Rock" Adopted 2004	Local Holiday: 16 Nov (1776) Statia Day

11 Nov 1493                Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus,
                             named Isla de Santa Anastasia.
1625                       French and English zones of occupation.
1636                       Dutch colony (Sint Eustatius).
23 Jul 1665 - 1668         English occupation.
1672 - 1682                English occupation.
1682 - 1792                Dutch West India Company administration.
1689 - 1690                French occupation (Saint-Eustache).
1690 - 1696                English occupation (Saint Eustace).
 3 Feb 1781 - 26 Nov 1781  British occupation.
26 Nov 1781 -  7 Feb 1784  French occupation.
1795 - 1801                French occupation.
1801 - 1802                British occupation.
 9 Jul 1810                Annexed along with Holland by France (not effected).
1810 - 1816                British occupation.
1816                       Dutch colony.
1919 -  1 Apr 1983         Subordinated to Sint Maarten.
 8 Apr 2005                Referendum supports remaining part the
                             Netherlands Antilles by 76.6%.
12 Oct 2006                Agreement with The Netherlands on becoming a municipality
                             of The Netherlands.
15 Dec 2008                Date set for dissolution of Netherlands Antilles.

Commanders
1636 - 1639                Pieter van Corselles
1639 - 1641                Pieter Gardijn
1641 - 1644                Abraham Adriaenszoon (1st time)
1644 - 1645?               Pieter van de Woestijne
1648?                      Abraham Adriaenszoon (2nd time)
1665?                      Pieter Adriaenszoon (1st time)
Governors
1665                       Thomas Edward Morgan           (d. 1665)
1665 - 1666?               Theodore Carey 
1666?                      William Brewer
Commandant
1666 - 1668                Rose 
Commanders
1668 - 1671                Pieter Adriaenszoon (2nd time)
1671 - 1672                Lucas Jacobsen
Governors
1672 - 1673                John Pogson
1673                       Cornelis Evertsen, Jr.
1673                       Jacob Binckes
1674 - 16..                Peter Batterie
Commanders
1682 - 1686                Louis Houtkoper
1686 - 1687                Johan Cuvilje
1687 - 1689                Lucas Schorer
Governors
1689 - 1690                Donnon de Gallifet
1690 - 1693                Timothy Thornhill
c.1693                     Jan Lagmet
169. - 1696                William Mussenden
Commanders
1693 - 1700                Johannes Salomonszoon
                             (civil governor to 31 May 1696)
1700 - 1701                Jan Simonszoon Doncker (1st time)
1701 - 1704                Isaac Lamont (1st time)
1704                       Johan Heijliger (1s time)
1704 - 1709                Jan Simonszoon Doncker (2nd time)
1709                       Isaac Lamont (2nd time)
1709 - 1717                Jan Simonszoon Doncker (3rd time)
1717                       Gerard de Mepsche
1717 - 1719                Johan Heijliger (2nd time)
1719 - 1720                Jacob Stalpert
1720 - 1721                Johan Heijliger (3rd time)
1721 - 1722                Jacobus Stevens
1722 - 1728                Johan Lindesaij
1728 - 1733                Everard Raecx
1733 - 1736                Johan Heijliger (4th time)
1736 - 1737                Johan Markoe
1737 - 1740                Isaac Faesch
1740 - 1741                Hendrik Coesveldt
1741 - 1743                Jasper Ellis
1743 - 1752                Joahnnes Heijliger Pzn.
1752 - 1775                Jan de Windt, Jr.
1775 - 1776                Abraham Heijliger
1776 - Feb 1781            Johannes de Graaff                 (d. 1813)
Governors
Feb 1781 - May 1781        George Bridges Rodney              (b. 1718 - d. 1792)
May 1781 - Jun 1781        David Oglivy
Jun 1781 - 26 Nov 1781     James Cockburne
26 Nov 1781 - 1784         Charles Chabert
1784 -  7 Feb 1784         Thomas de Fitzmaurice
1784 - 1785                Olivier Oijen
1785                       Abraham Heijliger
1785 - 1789                Johannes Runnels (1st time)
1789 - 1792                Pieter Anthony Godin
1792 - 1795                Johannes Runnels (2nd time)
1795                       Cotten -Commissioner
Captain-Commandant
1795 - 1801                Daniel Roda 
Commandants
1801 - 1802                Richard Blunt
1802                       Sir John Wardlaw
Governors
1802 - 1809                Albertus van Heyningen, Jr.
1809 - 1810                William Charles Mussenden
1810 - 1816                Charles Barrow
1816 - 1817                Reinier 't Hoen
1817 - 1822                Abraham de Veer
1822 - 1823                Diederik Johannes van Romondt
1823 - 1828                Willem Albert van Spengler
1828 - 1833                Willem Johan Leendert van Raders 
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
1833 - 1836                Willem Johan Leendert van Raders
1836 - 1837                Theophilus Georg Groebe (1st time) (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1837 - 1854                Johannes de Veer
1854 - 1860                Willem Hendrik Johan van Idsinga   (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
1860 - 1870                Nicolaas Albertus Rost van
                             Tonningen
1870 - 1877                Melville Wood Cruger
1877 - 1885                Theophilus Georg Groebe (2nd time) (s.a.)
1885 - 1888                Jacques Joseph Jonckheer
1888 - 1894                Paul Faarup
1894                       Theophilus Georg Groebe (3rd time) (s.a.)
1894 - 1902                Abraham Jan Cornelis Brouwer       (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1902                       Theophilus Georg Groebe (4th time) (s.a.)
1902 - 1919                Gerrit Johan van Grol              (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
Deputy administrators (plaatsvervangende gezaghebbers)
1919 - 1924                B.I. Mussenden
1924 - 1926                R.F. Baay
1926 - 1927                E.D. van Exel
1927 - 1930                E.J.S. Kryuthoff
1930 - 1933                Xavier Henri Charles Marie Krugers (b. 1896 - d. ....)
1933 - 1935                A.M. Schütte
1935 - 1937                A.J. van Werkhoven
Subadministrators (ondergezaghebbers)
1937 - 1939                A.J. van Werkhoven
1939 - 1943                M.M.B.J. Erens
1943 - 1949                Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
1949 - 1951                C.M. Vlaun
Administrators (administrateurs)
1951 - 1953                C.M. Vlaun
1953 - 1956                A.J.M. Poppe
1956                       P.A. Vlaun (1st time)
1956 - 1957                A. Herding
1957                       P.A. Vlaun (2nd time)
1957 - 1958                C.G. Buncamper (1st time)
1958 - 1961                Reinier O. van Delden (1st time)
1961 - 1962                M.J. Boekhoudt
1962                       C.G. Buncamper (2nd time)
1962 - 1964                J. van Faassen
1964 - 1966                Laurens Rosema (1st time)
1966 - 1969                Jan Lens (1st time)
1969                       Gerardus van der Wal
1969 - 1971                Jan Lens (2nd time)
1971                       Laurens Rosema (2nd time)
1971                       Jan Lens (3rd time)
1971                       Wilfred E. Fortin
1971 - 1973                Carl D.M.P. Hassell
1973                       Jan Lens (4th time) (acting)
1973 - 1974                Alberto A. Matthew
1974 - 1975                Jan Lens (5th time)
1975 - 1976                Charles A. Woodley (acting)
1976                       Reinier O. van Delden (2nd time)
1976 - 1981                Oswald G. Bell
1981                       Cedrick C. Lijfrock (acting)
1981 - 1983                Vacquelin M.W. Connor
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
 1 Apr 1983 - 1990         George R. Sleeswijk
1990 - 199.                Irvin E. Temmer
1996? - 1997?              E.R. Locadia
1998? -  1 Oct 2003        Eugene R. Abdul
 1 Jan 2004 -              Hyden C.I. Gittens

Leaders of the government
1999 - 2003                Ingrid Whirfield-Houtman (f)                             SEA 
2003? -                    Julian C.A. Woodley                                      DP-SE 

Party abbreviations: DP-SE = Democratische Partij Sint Eustatius/Demokratiko Partido-St. Eustatius (Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius); PLP = Progressive Labor Party; SEA = St. Eustatius Alliance

                Adopted 13 Jun 1985
 

Map of Sint Maarten	Capital: Philipsburg	Population: 33,740 (2007)
Currency: Netherlands  Antillean Guilder (ANG)	Hear Local Anthem "Volkslied van Sint Maarten" (St. Martin National Anthem)	Local Holiday: 11 Nov (1493) St. Maarten Day

11 Nov 1493                Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus, 
                             named Isla de San Martin.
1631                       Dutch colony
1633 - 1647                Spanish colony. 
23 Mar 1648                Divided into French (Saint-Martin)(north) and Dutch 
                            (Sint Maarten)(south) zones (Dutch zone subordinate
                             to St. Eustatius until 1672).
1679 - 1689                French occupy entire island (see Saint-Martin).
1689 - 1792                Dutch zone under Dutch West India Company administration.
1690 - 1699                English occupy entire island.
1699 - 1702                French occupy entire island.
24 Feb 1779 -  3 Feb 1781  French occupy entire island. 
 3 Feb 1781 - 26 Nov 1781  British occupy entire island. 
18 May 1793 -  5 Apr 1794  Dutch administer entire island 
29 Apr 1795 - 24 Mar 1801  French occupy entire island.
24 Mar 1801 -  1 Dec 1802  British occupy entire island.
 9 Jul 1810                Annexed along with Holland by France (not effected).
1810 - 1816                British occupy entire island.
1816                       French and Dutch zones resumed.
1919 -  1 Apr 1983         Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten united
                             as Netherlands Windward Islands.
1936                       Duch side officially adopted the Dutch spelling Sint Maarten.
23 Jun 2000                Referendum supports a "status aparte" as a
                             separate entity within The Netherlands by 68.9%.
 2 Nov 2006                Sint Maarten and Curaçao sign agreement with The Netherlands
                             on "status aparte"
15 Dec 2008                Date set for dissolution of Netherlands Antilles.

Commander
1631 - 1633                Jan Claeszoon van Campen
Governors
1633 - 1636                Cibrian de Lizarazu
1636 - 1638                Luis de Valdes
1638 - 1647                Diego Guajardo Fajardo
Commanders
14 Feb 1648 - 1650         Martin Thomas
1650 - 1655                Adriaen de Vos
1655 - 1660                Edmondt de Fosse
1667?                      Jan Sympson?
1672?                      Jan Simonszoon de Buck
Governors
1672? - 1672               Laurent de Maynie
1672 - 1685                ....
1685 - 1689                chevalier de Rionville
1690 - 1697                English occupation
1699 - 1701                Jean Dyel du Parquet
1701 - 1702                Louis Cacqueray de Valmenière
Vice-commanders
1703 - 170.                Lucas van Beverhoudt
1705?                      Olivier Graval
1708?- 1710                Charles Devezaen
1710 - 1712                François Lemaire
1712 - 1713                Jean Buretel
1713 - 1718                Martinus Meyer (1st time)
1718 - 1720                Louis Guillaume Durepaire
1720 - 1722                Jan de Windt, Sr.
1722 - 1733                Martinus Meyer (2nd time) 
1733 - 1735                Jacobus Barry
1735 - 1736                John Philips (1st time)
1736 - 1737                Pieter Hassell
1737 - 1746                John Philips (2nd time) 
1746 - 1748                Jan de Wever
1748 - 1781                Abraham Heijliger Pzn.
 3 Feb 1781 - 26 Nov 1781  British occupation
Governors
1781 - 1783                Abraham Heijliger Pzn.
1783 - 1784                Charles Chabert, Jr.
Vice-commanders
1784 - 1785                Thomas Aertsen
1785 - 1786                John Salomons Gibbes
Commanders
1786 - Jan 1790            John Salomons Gibbes
10 Jun 1790 - 1800         Willem Hendrik Rink (1st time)
29 Apr 1795 - 1797          La Bruyère -Commissioner
1797 - 1801                P.Ch. Dormoy -Commissioner
1800 - 1801                Remt Folkerus Muller
1801                       Bresson -Commissioner
1801 - 24 Mar 1801         Willem Hendrik Rink (2nd time)
24 Mar 1801 -  1 Dec 1802  Robert Nicholson -Commandant
 1 Dec 1802 - 1807         Willem Hendrik Rink (3rd time)
1807 - 1810                Jan Verveer Jzn.
1810 - 1813                John Skinner                       (b. c.1750 - d. 1827)
1813 - 1814                James Alexander Farquharson
                             (1st time)
1814 - 1815                William McCaskill
1815                       James Alexander Farquharson
                             (2nd time)
1815                       Francis Edden
1815 - 1816                Robert Douglas
Administrators (gezaghebbers)
1816 - 1820                Paulus Roelof Cantz'laar           (d. 1831)
1820 - 1840                Diederik Johannes van Romondt
1840 - 1849                Johannes Willem van Romondt
1849 - 1850                Pieter Petersen
1850 - 1859                Johannes Didericus Crol
1859 - 1860                Lucas Percival
1860 - 1865                Willem Hendrik Johan van Idsinga   (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
1865 - 1866                Philogène Philippe Maillard
1866 - 1870                Herman François Gerardus Wagner    (b. 1822 - d. 1904)
1870 - 1871                Robert van Romondt (acting)
1871 - 1883                Edouard Dénis Ernest van den       (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
                             Bossche
1883                       Diederik Charles van Romondt 
                             (1st time) (acting)
1883 - 1885                Jan Hendrik Rudeloff Beaujon       (b. 1838 - d. 1930)
1885 - 1889                Theophilus Georg Groebe            (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1889 - 1891                Jan Hero Adriaan van Daalen        (b. 1842 - d. 1899)
1891 - 1893                Frans Johannes Olivier
1893 - 1894                Diederik Charles van Romondt 
                             (2nd time) (acting)
1894 - 1901                Joseph Möller
1901 - 1918                Abraham Jan Cornelis Brouwer       (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1918 - 1919                Frits Koenraad Thielen (acting)
1919 - 1920                G.J. Tijmstra (acting)
1920                       A.W. de Haseth (acting)
1920 - 1923                J. van der Zee Rz. (acting)
1923 - 1927                Richard Johannes Beaujon, Jr.      (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
1927                       C.F. Boskaljon (acting)
1927 - 1930                Willem Frederik Meinhardt Lampe    (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
                             (acting)
1930 - 1943                Johan Diderich Meiners
1943 - 1947                Pieter Hendrik van Leeuwen         (b. 1893 - d. ....)
1947 - 1948                M.J. Huith (acting)
1948 - 1957                Johannes Christiaan Paap
1957                       Walter Granville Buncamper
                             (1st time) (acting)
1957 - 1958                Hendrik Anthonius Hessling (acting)
1958 - 1959                Walter Granville Buncamper
                             (2nd time) (acting)
1959 - 1968                Jan Jacob Japa Beaujon
1968 - 1975                Reinier O. van Delden
                             (acting to 1969)
1975 - 1981                Theodore M. Pandt
1981 - 1982                Ralph R.H. Richardson              (b. 1937)
1992 - 1994                Wilfred Russell Voges              (b. 1943)
Sep 1994 - 12 Sep 2000     Dennis L. Richardson               (b. 1946)
22 Sep 2000 -              Franklyn E. Richards               (b. 1950)
 

Leaders of the government
1954 - 1991                Claude Wathey                      (b. 1926 - d. 1998)  SDP
1991 - 1995                Edgar Hubert Lynch                 (b. 1952)            SPA
1995 -  1 Jul 1999         William Marlin                                          SPA 
 1 Jul 1999 -              Sarah A. Wescott-Williams (f)      (b. 1956)            NDP

Party abbreviations: NDP = National Democratic Party of St. Maarten; SDP = St. Maarten Democratic Party; SPA = St. Maarten Patriotic Alliance