Traditional States of Nigeria

1829                       Abeokuta city-state founded.
1893                       British protectorate.
c.1914                     Ruler declared paramount ruler of Egbaland.
16 Sep 1914                Part of Nigeria southern provinces.

Chiefs
1829 - 1845                Shodeke
1845 - 1846                Shomoye (1st time) -Regent
1846 - 1854                Sagbua Okukenun -Regent
Rulers (title Alake)
1854 - 1862                Okukenun (Sagbua Okukenun)
1862 - 1868                Shomoye (2nd time) -Regent
28 Nov 1869 - 20 Dec 1877  Ademola I
1877 - 1881                Oyeekan                            (d. 1881)
1885 - 27 Jan 1889         Oluwajin
1891 - 1898                Oshokalu
 8 Aug 1898 - 28 May 1920  Gbadebo I                          (b. 1854 - d. 1920)
27 Sep 1920 - 27 Dec 1962  Ladapo Samuel Ademola II           (b. 1872 - d. 1962)
29 Sep 1963 - 26 Oct 1971  Adesiinan Samuel Gbadebo II        (b. 1908 - d. 1971)
 5 Aug 1972 -  3 Feb 2005  Samuel Oyebade Mofolorunsho Lipede (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
24 Aug 2005 -              Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III         (b. 1943)

1804                      Zuba state, formally continuing the Hausa state of Zazzau,
                            destroyed by the Fulbe jihad (see Zaria).
1828                      State renamed Abuja in honor of ruler.
1902                      Occupied by Britain, part of Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
196.                      State renamed Suleja.

Rulers (title Sarkin Zazzau, from 1828 also emir)
1804 - 1825               Muhammad Makau dan Ishaqu Jatau            (d. 1825)
1825 -  2 Aug 1851        Jatau "Abu Ja" dan Ishaqu Jatau            (d. 1851)
 2 Aug 1851 - 29 Jul 1877 Abu Kwaka "Dogon Sarki" dan Ishaqu Jatau   (d. 1877)
29 Jul 1877 - Aug 1902    Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari" dan Jatau   (d. 1902)
1902 - 1917               Muhammad Gani dan Abu Kwaka
May 1917 -  3 Mar 1944    Musa Angulu dan Ibrahim                    (d. 1944)
13 Mar 1944 - 1979        Sulayman Barau dan Muhammad Gani           (d. 1979)
1979 - 1993               Malam Ibrahim Dodo Musa                    (d. 1993)
1993 - 10 May 1994        Malam Awwal Ibrahim (1st time)             (b. 1941)
10 May 1994 - Jan 2000    Bashir Sulaiman Barau
Jan 2000 -                Malam Awwal Ibrahim (2nd time)             (s.a.)

1809                       Adamawa, a Fulbe jihad state, founded
                             (now partially in Cameroon).
Sep 1901                   Partitioned between German Kamerun and British
                             Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Baban-Lamido)
1809 - 1847                Modibo Adama bi Ardo Hasana        (b. c.1771 - d. 1848)
1847                       Hamidu bi Adama -Regent            (d. c.1872)
1847 - 1872                Muhammadu Lawal bi Adama           (b. c.1797 - d. 1872)
1872 - 1890                `Umaru Sanda bi Adama              (d. 1890)
1890 -  8 Sep 1901         Zubayru bi Adama                   (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
                            (continuing in rebellion to 25 Feb 1903)
 8 Sep 1901 - 1909         Baba Ahmadu bi Adama               (b. 18.. - d. 1916)
1909 - 1910                Muhammad Yarima Iya bi Sanda
1910 - 23 Aug 1924         Muhammad Abba bi Baba Ahmadu       (d. 1924)
1924 - 1928                Muhammad Bello "Mai Gari"
                             bi Ahmadu "Boboa"                (d. 1928)
1928 - 1946                Muhammad Mustafa bi Muhammad Abba  (b. 1900 - d. 1946)
1946 - Jun 1953            Yarima Ahmadu bi Muhammad Bello
Jun 1953 -                 `Aliyu Mustafa bi Muhammad Mustafa

1822                       Agaie, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
24 Jun 1898                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Emirs
1822 - 1832                Malam Baba dan Attahiru                 (d. 1848)
                            (regent 1832-48)
1832 - 1857                `Abd Allahi I dan Baba                  (d. 1857)
1857 - 1877                Muhammadu Dikko dan `Abd Allahi         (d. 1877)
1877 - 1900                Nuhu dan Sulaymana                      (d. 1900)
1900 - 24 Jul 1919         Abu Bakar I dan `Abd Allahi             (d. 1919)
19 Aug 1919 - 1926         Abu Bakar II dan Nuhu                   (d. 1926)
1926 - Apr 1935            `Abd Allahi II dan Buhari               (d. 1935)
1935 - 1953                `Aliyu dan Abi Bakar                    (d. 1953)
Oct 1953 - ....            Muhammadu Bello Ubandoma dan
                             Muhammadu
.... - 19 Oct 1994         Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru (1st time)
13 Oct 2001 -              Muhammad Nkochi Attahiru (2nd time)
                           (reinstated with retroactive effect to 6 Mar 2000)

....                       Akwa Akpa founded; known to Europeans as Duke Town.
1786                       Independence.
19 Nov 1896 - 31 Jan 1903  Self-rule interrupted.
1902                       Renamed Old Calabar in protectorate terminology.

Rulers (title Edidem)
1786 - 1805                Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho
1805 - 1814                Ekpenyong Effiom Okoho Eyamba III
1814 - 1834                Effiom Edem Ekpo Effiom I Eyamba IV
1834 - 1847                Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Eyamba V
May 1849 -  4 Feb 1852     Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika
Apr 1852 - Aug 1858        Ededem Effiom II
Mar 1859 - 26 Aug 1872     Eyo Asibong II
1872 -  5 May 1879         Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII
 7 Apr 1880 - 19 Nov 1896  Orok Edem Eyamba IX
Rulers (title Obong)
31 Jan 1903 - 1906         Edem Effiom Edem
19.. - 19..                Asibong IV
1956?                      Asibong V

1805                       Bauchi emirate, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
16 Feb 1902                Part of British Northern Nigerian Protectorate.

Rulers (title Lamido)
1805 - 1845                Ya`qubu I dan Dadi                 (b. 1753 - d. 1845)
1845 - 1877                Ibrahima dan Ya`qubu
1877 - 1883                `Usman dan Ibrahima
1883 - 1902                `Umaru dan Salamanu
1902                       Muhammadu dan Ibrahima             (d. 1902)
1903 - 1907                Hasan dan Mamudu                   (d. 1907)
1907 - 1941                Ya`qubu II dan `Usman              (d. 1941)
1941 - 28 Sep 1954         Ya`qubu III dan `Umaru
May 1955 - 19..            Adama Jumba dan Ya`qubu
1998? -                    Suleiman Tiya Adamu Jumba

c.1810                     Bedde state founded.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigerian Protectorate.

Rulers (title Mai Bedde)
.... - ....                Dugum Bugia
.... - ....                Dugum Akuya dan Bugia
.... - 1842                Lawan Babuje dan Dugum Akuya       (d. 1842)
1842 - 1893                al-Hajji dan Babuje                (d. 1893)
1893 - 1897                Duna dan al-Hajji
1897 - 1904                Salih dan al-Hajji                 (d. 1919)
Emirs
1904 - Apr 1919            Salih dan al-Hajji                 (s.a.)
Feb 1920 - 1941            Sulayman dan Salih
1942 - 1945                Mai `Umara dan al-Hajji            (d. 1945)
1945 -                     Maina `Umar dan Sulayman           (b. 1919)

1535                       Biu or Viyu state founded.
 1 Jan 1900                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Mai Biu, also styled Kuthli)
.... - ....                Jakwa Birtilik
.... - ....                Tulama Bahara
.... - ....                Tayar Warinki
.... - ....                Dakwai
c.1740                     Mari Kopchi
c.1750                     Di Forma dan Mari Kopchi
c.1760                     Garga Moda dan Mari Kopchi
c.1770                     Dawi Moda (Di Moda dan Di Forma)
c.1780                     Di Biya dan Di Moda
17.. - 1783                Di Rawa dan Di Biya
1783 - 1793                Garga Kopchi dan Di Biya           (d. 1793)
1793 - 1838                Mari Watirwa dan Di Rawa           (b. 17.. - d. 1838)
1838 - 1873                Ari Paskur dan Mari Watirwa        (d. 1873)
1873 - 1891                Mari Biya dan Ari Paskur           (b. 18.. - d. 1891)
1891 - 1908                Garga Kwomting dan Mari Biya       (b. 18.. - d. 1908)
1908 - 1920                Ari Dogo dan Garga Kwomting        (b. 1876 - d. 1935)
Emirs
1920 - 1935                Ari I Dogo dan Garga Kwomting      (s.a.)
1935 - 1951                Ari II Gurgur dan Garga Kwomting   (d. 1951)
1951 - 1959                Muhammad `Aliyu dan Ari Dogo       (b. 1907)
1959 -                     Maidalla Mustafa dan Muhammad      (b. 1915)
                             `Aliyu

Note: The principal Borgu polities are: Bussa, the legendary original state, and still
respected as the premier Borgu state; Kaiama, an offshoot of Bussa, merged with Bussa in 
1954 into a state renamed Borgu; and Nikki, rival to Bussa in antiquity, and located in 
modern Benin (see under Benin Traditional polities).

Bussa

....                        Bussa founded in legendary remote antiquity.
18 Feb 1897                 Part of British Niger Coast Protectorate 
                              (later Southern Nigeria).
Apr 1915 - 19 Apr 1917      Occupied by Yawuri.
1954                        Merged with Kaiama into Borgu.

Ruler (title Kibe, also styled Sarkin Bussa)
.... - 1730                 Kiseru Brodi
1730 - 1750                 Yerima Bussa dan Kiseru Brodi
1750 - 1766                 Kigera I dan Kiseru Brodi
1766 - 1791                 Jibrim dan Yerima Bussa            (d. 1791)
1791 - 1792                 Yerima Ibrahim dan Jibrim
1793 - 180.                 Kitoro Gani Zara dan Jibrim        (d. 1835)
Emir (also styled Sarkin Bussa)
180. - 1835                 Kitoro Gani Zara dan Jibrim        (s.a.)
1835 - 1843                 Kisaru Kisan Dogo dan Jibrim
1843 - 1844                 Beraki dan Jibrim
1844 - 1862                 Waruko Gajere dan Maikuka          (d. 1862)
1862 - 1895                 Kigera II Jibrim Dan Toro 
                              dan Kitoro                       (d. 1895) 
1895 - Nov 1903             Wuru Yaro Kisaru Kisan Dogo
                              dan Kitoro                       (d. 1903) 
19 Dec 1903 - Apr 1915      Kitoro Gani Kilisha Yerima dan 
                              Dan Toro (1st time)
Apr 1915 - 19 Apr 1917      occupied by Yawuri
19 Apr 1917 - Oct/Nov 1924  Jibrim dan Dan Toro
 6 Nov 1924 - 21 Aug 1935   Muhammadu Kitoro Gani Kilisha 
                              Yerima dan Dan Toro (2nd time)
29 Aug 1935 - 1954          Wuru Babaki dan Dan Toro 
                              (regent to 17 Sep 1935)          (d. 1968)
                              (from 25 Jan 1937, Muhammadu Sani)

....                       Kaiama founded as offshoot of Bussa.
1954                       Merged with Bussa into Borgu.

Ruler (title Sarkin Kaiama)
.... - 1901                Mora Tsaude
Emirs
1901 -  7 Oct 1912         Mora Tsaude
1912 - Apr 1915            Jimi
1915 - 13 Feb 1917         Mashi
Apr 1917 - 1921            Yerima Kura
1921 - 1954                Khaliru Kiyaru

1954                       Borgu formed by merger of Bussa and Kaiama.

Emirs
1954 - 1968                Muhammadu Sani dan Dan Toro        (s.a.)
1968 -  3 Feb 2000         Musa Muhammadu Kigera III
                             dan Muhammadu Sani               (d. 2000)
12 Feb 2000 - 26 Feb 2002  Isiaku Musa Jikantoro
26 Feb 2002 -              Haliru Dantoro Kitoro III
                             dan Muhammadu Sani               (b. 1938)

c.700                      Kanem state founded by Yemeni migrants, according to chronicles.
c.1380                     State gradually becomes known as Borno.
1892                       Partitioned by U.K., France, and Germany.
1900                       Part of territory to French territory of Chad.
1901/02                    Two rival residences: Kukawa and Dikwa.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
1922                       Dikwa formally recognized as a distinct state.
1937                       Kukawa and Dikwa reunited in a single Borno state.

Rulers (title Mai, sometimes styled Sultan)
1694 - 1711                Idris IV ibn `Ali
1711 - 1726                Dunama VI ibn `Ali
1726 - 1738                Hamdun Dunamani
1738 - 1751                Muhammad VII ibn Hamdun Erghamma
1751 - 1753                Dunama VII ibn Muhammad "Gana"
1753 - 1793                `Ali IV Dunamani `Umarni
1793 - Mar 1808            Ahmad `Alimi
Mar 1808 - 1810            Dunama VIII ibn Ahmad Lefiami (1st time)   (d. 1820)
1810 - 1813                Muhammad VIII Nghileruma
1813 - 1820                Dunama VIII ibn Ahmad Lefiami (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1820 - 1846                Ibrahim V ibn Ahmad                        (d. 1846)
1846                       `Ali V ibn Ibrahim Dalatumi "Minargoma"    (d. 1846)
Rulers (title Shehu)
1846 - Nov 1853            `Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (1st time)    (d. 1881)
Nov 1853 - Sep 1854        `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin
Sep 1854 - 1881            `Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1881 - 1884                Abu Bakr ibn `Umar Kura                    (d. 1884)
1884                       Mustafa Kura ibn Muhammad al-Amin
1884 - 1885                Ibrahim ibn `Umar                          (d. 1885)
1885 - 1893                Hashim ibn `Umar                           (d. 1893)
1893                       Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Amin Kiyari       (d. 1893)
1893                       Sanda ibn Abi Bakr Limanambe Wuduroma      (d. 1893)
1893 - 22 Apr 1900         Rabih Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah                (b. 184. - d. 1900)
22 Apr 1900 - 23 Aug 1901  Fadl Allah ibn Rabih                       (b. 18.. - d. 1901)
at Kukawa:
1902 - Feb 1922            `Ali ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi Jarbay            (d. 1922)
1922 - 1937                `Umar II ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi               (b. c.1842 - d. 1937)
at Dikwa:
1901                       `Umar ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi                  (s.a.)
1901 - 1902                `Ali ibn Ibrahim Bukarmi Jarbay            (s.a.)
1902                       Mustafa Gumsumi
1902 - 1905                `Umar ibn Abi Bakr (1st time)              (d. 1917)
1904 - 1905                Aba Sanusi (in rebellion)
1905 - 1906                Ibrahim ibn Abi Bakr
1906 - 1917                `Umar ibn Abi Bakr (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1917 - 1937                `Umar ibn Muhammad al-Amin Kiyari          (b. 1872 - d. 1968)
Borno reunited:
1937 - Jan 1968            `Umar III ibn Muhammad al-Amin Kiyari      (s.a.)
1968 - 19..                `Umar IV ibn `Ali Bukarmi Jaraby
19.. - 19..                Mustafa ibn `Umar Sanda
1975? - 19..               `Umar V ibn Abi Bakr Jarbay
1999? -                    Mustafa ibn `Umar

....                       Daura founded in legendary remote antiquity
1806                       Dynasty displaced at Daura city (a) and split into three 
                             lineages (b), (c), and (d) ruling at other locations
                             (indicated below).
1903                       Darua states divided between Britain and France.
1906                       State reunited.

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
.... - ....                Hazo Allah Sarki
.... - ....                Dango
.... - ....                Bawan Allah
.... - ....                Khalifa
.... - ....                Tsoho dan Khalifa
.... - 1798                Jirro dan Tsoho
1798 - 1806                `Abdu dan Tsoho "Sarkin Gwari"     (d. 1806)

(a) at Daura:

Rulers (title Amir Daura)
1806 - 1830                Malam Ishaqu ibn Malam `Isa
1830 - 1836                Yusufu ibn Malam `Isa
1836 - 1837                Muhamman Sani ibn Malam `Isa
1837                       Zubayru ibn Malam Ishaqu
1837 - 1868                Muhamman Bello ibn Malam Ishaqu
1868 - 1876                Muhamman Altine ibn Muhamman Bello
1876 - 1906                Muhamman Mai Gurdo ibn Muhamman Bello
1906                       Sogiji ibn Muhamman Mai Gurdo
1906                       Murnay ibn Muhamman Bello
1906                       Dan Kanyo -Regent
1906                       Regents
                           - Malam Bawa
                           - Na'inkali

(b) at various locations, from 1851 at Zango:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
1809 - 1825                `Abdu dan Tsoho "Sarkin Gwari"
1825 - 1855                Lukudi Sulaymanu dan Tsoho
1846                       Muhamman Kyenkyere dan `Abdu 
                             (in rebellion, at Kuyukuku)
1855 - 1861                Nuhu dan Lukudi
1861 - 1864                Muhamman Sha dan `Abdu
1864 - 1871                Haruna dan Lukudi
1871 - 1877                Dan Aro dan `Abdu
1877 - 1884                Tafida dan Nuhu (1st time)         (d. 1904)
1884 - 1886                Sulaymanu dan Dan Aro
1886 - 1891                Yusufu dan Lukudi
1891 - 1904                Tafida dan Nuhu (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1904 - 1906                Malam Musa dan Nuhu                (d. 1911)

(c) at various locations, ultimately at Baure:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
1826?                      Dan Shufini dan Khalifa
18.. - 1847                Tsoho dan Dan Shufini
1847 - 1850                Habu dan Tsoho (1st time)
1850 - 1854                Jibo dan Tsoho (1st time)
1854 - 1859                Habu dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1859 - 1865                Jibo dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1865 - 1874                `Ali dan Tsoho (1st time)
1874 - 1887                Zakari dan Habu (1st time)
1887 - 1888                Muhamman Kalgaba dan Tsoho
1888 - 1890                `Ali dan Tsoho (2nd time)
1890 - 1894                Zakari dan Habu (2nd time)
1894 - 1903                `Abdu dan Habu
1903 - 1906                Khaliru dan Tsoho

(d) at Magaria:
183.                       Separated from (c).
1850                       Reincorporated into (c).

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura)
.... - 1840                Kitari dan Khalifa
1840 - 1850                Masallaci dan Kitari

Daura reunited:

Rulers (title Sarkin Daura, also Amir Daura)
1906 - 1911                Malam Musa dan Nuhu
1911 - 1966                `Abd ar-Rahman dan Musa            (b. 1881 - d. 1966)
1966 -                     Muhammadu Bashar dan `Umaru

....                       Igodomigodo founded and ruled by rulers styled Ogiso.
c.1170                     (traditional version): Ruler of Oyo founds Ile Ibinu 
                             (Benin City).
c.1470                     Edo becomes name of state.
 9 Sep 1897                Benin City conquered by Britain and royalty suppressed.
24 Jul 1914                Royalty reinstated.

Rulers (title Oba)
1689 - 1700                Oreoghenen
1700 - 1712                Ewuakpe
1712 - 1713                Ozuere
1713 - 1735                Akenzua I "Nisonorho"
1735 - 1750                Eresonyen
1750 - 1804                Akengbuda
1804 - 1816                Obanosa
1816  (8 months)           Ogbebo
1816 - 1851                Osemwede                           (d. 1851)
1851 - 1888                Adolo                              (d. 1888)
1888 -  9 Sep 1897         Ovonrramwen Nogbaisi               (d. 1914)
                             (in Calabar exile to 1914)
 9 Sep 1897 - 24 Jul 1914  Royalty suppressed
24 Jul 1914 -  2 Feb 1933  Eweka II                           (d. 1933)
 5 Apr 1933 -  1 Dec 1978  Akenzua II                         (b. 1899 - d. 1978)
23 Mar 1979 -              Erediauwa                          (b. 1923)

....                       Daniski state founded in legendary antiquity.
c.1800                     Daniski replaced by Fika (in the local Bole
                             language, Pikka).
27 Dec 1899                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers of Daniski
.... - ....                Aji Daka dan Mele Fusan
.... - ....                Langawa dan Bawa Kayi
.... - ....                `Usman Gana dan Mele Fusan
.... - ....                Mammadi Gizze dan Mama Kayi
.... - ....                Mele Filata dan Mama Gimsi
Rulers (title Moi Pikka) (from 1924 resident at Potiskum)
c.1806                     Buraima
c.1822                     Adam
c.1844                     Disa Siri
c.1844 - 1867              Mammadi Gaganga
1867 - 1871                Isma`ila
1871 - 1882                Mammadi Buye
1882                       Aji
1882 - 1885                Mama (Muhammad)
1885 - 1902                Sule
1902 - 1922                Disa (Idris)                      (d. 1922)
1922 - 1976                Muhammadu Gana dan Idris          (b. c.1881 - d. 1976)
1976 - ....                Mania Alsali dan Muhammadu
.... -                     Muhammadu Abali

....                       Gobir traced to legendary remote antiquity in Arabia.
1742                       Ruling at Alkalawa.
1810                       Ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger).
1858 - 1905                Split into lineage ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger) 
                            and lineage ruling at Sabon Birni (in modern Nigeria).
1900                       Partitioned between French territory of Zinder (see Niger)
                             and British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
c.1910                     State reunited, ruling at Tshibiri (in modern Niger).
1975                       Ruling at Sabon Birni (in Nigeria).

Rulers (title Sarkin Gobir)
1694 - 1720                Muhammadu III dan Ciroma
1720 - 17..                Baciri VI
17.. - 17..                Muhamman Mai Gici
17.. - 17..                Akali
17.. - 17..                Arkal III
17.. - 17..                Muhammadu IV
17.. - 17..                Soba dan Muhamman Mai Gici
17.. - 1742                Uban Iche dan Muhamman Mai Gici
1742 - 1770                Babari dan Uban Iche
1770 - 1777                Dan Gudi dan Babari
1777                       Gambai
1777 - 1795                Baba Jan Gwarzo dan Babari         (d. 1795)
1795 - 1801                Yaq`uba dan Babari                 (d. 1801)
1801 - 1803                Muhamman Bunu Nafata dan Babari
1803 - 1808                Yunfa dan Nafata                   (d. 1808)
1810 - 1814                Salihu dan Ya`quba
1814 - 1816                Gwamki dan Kura Gado
1816 - 1835                `Ali dan Ya`quba
1835                       Jibon Tauba dan Ya`quba
1835 - 1836                Baciri VII dan Ya`quba
1836 - 1858                Mayaki dan Ya`quba
at Tshibiri:
1858 - 1883                Bawa dan Gwamki
1883 - 1886                Ibrahimu dan `Ali (1st time)
                             (ruling at Sabon Birni under the name Kasso)
1886 - 1889                Maynassara Maji dan `Ali (1st time)
1889 - 1890                Almu dan Mayaki (1st time)
1890                       Ibrahimu dan `Ali (2nd time)
1890 - 1894                Maynassara Maji dan `Ali (2nd time)
1894 - 1897                Almu dan Mayaki (2nd time)
1897 - Apr 1898            Ibrahima Na Mai Fura dan Bawa
1898 - Jan 1899            Bakon Dare dan `Ali
1899 - 1904                `Umaru Dacili dan Mayaki (1st time)
1904                       Almu dan Mayaki (3rd time)
1904 - 1905                `Umaru Dacili dan Mayaki (2nd time)
1905 - c.1910              Almu dan Mayaki (4th time)
at Sabon Birni:
1860 - 1889                Dan Halima
1889                       Ishaqa
1889 - 1890                Gaude dan Baciri
1890 - 1897                Kasso
                            (ruling at Tshibiri under the name Ibrahimu dan `Ali)
1897 - 1899                Muhammadu Ishaqa dan `Ali
1899                       Muhamman Natawa
1899 - 1903                Belarabe dan Ibrahimu
1905 - 19..                `Umaru Jari
19.. - 19..                Jadi
19.. - c.1910              `Umaru Shawe
Gobir reunited:
c.1910 -  9 Sep 1911       Almu dan Mayaki
1911 - 14 Nov 1912         Bature dan Ibrahimu
1912 - 19..                Belarabe dan Ibrahimu
19.. - 19..                Dan Bude
19.. - 19..                Dan Magaji
19.. - 19..                Tumbulki
19.. - 19..                Mahaman dan Gulbi
19.. - 19..                Salau
19.. - 1939                Kunto
1939 - 1963                Labo Salau
1963 - 1975                Agada Nagogo
1975 -                     Muhammadu Bawa

1804                       Gombe, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
Feb 1902                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Modibo Gombe)
1804 - 1841                Abu Bakar "Buba Yero" dan           (b. c.1762 - d. 1841)
                             `Usuman Subande 
Emirs
1841 - 1844                Sulaymanu dan Abi Bakar             (d. 1844)
1844 - 1882                Muhammadu Kwairanga dan Abi Bakar   (d. 1882)
1882 - 1888                `Abd al-Qadiri Zaylani dan          (d. 1888)
                             Muhammadu
1888 - 1895                Hasan dan Muhammadu                 (d. 1895)
1895 - 1898                Tukur dan Muhammadu                 (d. 1898)
1898                       Jalo dan Muhammadu
1898 - 1922                `Umaru dan Muhammadu                (b. 18.. - d. 1922)
1922 - 1935                Haruna dan `Umaru                   (d. 1935)
Jan 1936 - 19..            Abu Bakar dan `Umaru                (b. 1902)
19.. -                     `Usuman Shehu dan Abu Bakar

1749                       Gumel state founded.
1903                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1749 - 1754                Dan Juma I dan Musa
1754 - 1760                Adamu Karro dan Digadiga Karro            (d. 1760)
1760 - 1777                Dan Juma II dan Digadiga Karro
1777 - 1804                Maikota dan Adam Karro                    (d. 1804)
1804 - 1811                Kalgo dan Maikota                         (d. 1811)
1811 - 1828                Dan Auwa dan Maikota                      (d. 1828)
1828 - 1851                Muhamman Dan Tanoma dan Maikota           (d. 1851)
1851 - 1853                Ceri dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma (1st time)
1853 - 1855                Muhamman Atu dan Dan Auwa
1855 - 1861                Ceri dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma (2nd time)
1861 - 1872                `Abd Allahi dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma       (d. 1872)
1872 - 1896                Abu Bakar dan Muhamman Dan Tanoma         (d. 1896)
1896 - 1915                Ahmadu dan Abi Bakar
1915 - 1944                Muhamman na Kota dan Ahmadu               (d. 1944)
May 1944 - 1981            Maina Muhamman dan Muhamman na Kota       (b. 1912)
1981 -                     Ahmad Muhammad Sani dan Maina Muhamman

1817                       Gwandu, a major Fulbe jihad state, founded.
Mar 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1817 - 1828                `Abd Allahi dan Muhammadu Fodio  (b. 1756 - d. 1828)
1828 - 1833                Muhamman Wani dan `Abd Allahi    (d. 1833)
1833 - 1858                Khalilu dan `Abd Allahi          (d. 1858)
1858 - 1860                Khaliru I dan `Abd Allahi        (d. 1860)
1860 - 1864                `Aliyu dan `Abd Allahi           (d. 1864)
1864 - 1868                `Abd al-Qadiri dan `Abd Allahi   (d. 1868)
1868 - 1875                Mustafa dan Muhamman             (d. 1875)
1875 - 1876                Hanafi dan Khalilu               (d. 1876)
1876 - 1888                Maliki dan Muhamman              (d. 1888)
1888 - 1897                `Umaru Bakatara dan Khalilu      (b. 18.. - d. 1897)
1897 - 1898                `Abd Allahi Bayaro dan Muhamman  (b. 18.. - d. 1898)
1898 - May 1903            Bayaro `Aliyu dan `Aliyu         (b. 18.. - d. 1903)
May 1903 - Mar 1906        Muhammadu dan `Aliyu
Mar 1906 - Mar 1915        Khaliru II dan `Abd al-Qadiri    (d. 1915)
Mar 1915 - Jan 1918        Muhammadu Bashiru dan Khaliru    (d. 1918)
Jan 1918 - 1938            `Usman dan Khaliru               (d. 1938)
1938 - 12 Jan 1954         Yahaya dan Khaliru               (b. 1895 - d. 1954)
13 Jan 1954 - 19..         Muhammadu Haruna dan Muhammadu   (b. 1913)
                             Bashiru 
1997? -                    Mustafa Haruna Jokolo da 
                             Muhammadu Haruna

c.1100                     Biram state founded.
1805                       Hadejia, a Fulbe jihad state, replaces Biram.
 7 Apr 1906                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Biram)
c.1700                     Kankarau
.... - ....                Asawa
.... - ....                Muhamman Bako
.... - ....                Kawu
.... - ....                Barwa
.... - 1805                Abu Bakar
1805                       Musa II
Rulers (title Sarkin Hadejia, from 1808 also styled emir)
1805 - 1808                `Umaru I dan Ardo `Abdua
1808                       Muhamman Kankiya dan `Umaru           (d. 1808)
1808 - 1845                Sambo Digimsa dan Ardo `Abdua         (d. 1848)
                             (1st time)
1845 - 1847                Garko Gambo dan Sambo Digimsa         (d. 1847)
1847 - 1848                `Abd al-Qadiri I dan Sambo Digimsa    (d. 1848)
1848                       Sambo Digimsa dan Ardo `Abdua         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1848 - 1851                Buhari dan Sambo Digimsa (1st time)   (d. 1863)
1851 - 1852                Ahmadu dan Sambo Digimsa              (d. 1851)
1852 - 1863                Buhari dan Sambo Digimsa (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1863 - 1865                `Umaru II dan Buhari
1865 - 1885                Haruna I dan Sambo Digimsa            (d. 1885)
1885 - Apr 1906            Muhammadu dan Haruna                  (b. 18.. - d. 1906)
1906 - 1909                Haruna II dan Muhammadu               (b. 18.. - d. 1909)
1909 - 1925                `Abd al-Qadiri dan Haruna             (d. 1925)
1925 - 1950                `Usman dan Haruna                     (d. 1950)
Jun 1950 - 1984            Haruna III dan `Abd al-Qadiri         (d. 1984)
1984 - 11 Sep 2002         Abubakar Maje Haruna                  (d. 2002)
14 Sep 2002 -              Adamu Abubakar Maje

c.1750                     Ibadan founded.
1893                       Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Southern Nigeria).
29 Oct 1936                Ibadan city-state independent from Oyo.

Rulers (title Olubadan)
29 Oct 1936 - 1945         Okunola Abasi
194. - Feb 1955            Igbintade
Feb 1955                   Akinyo (illegally installed)
17 Feb 1955 - May 1964     Isaac Babalola Akinyele
1964 - 19..                Aminu
19.. - Jul 1977            Adebimipe
Aug 1977 - 1981            Daniel Tayo Akinbiiyii
1981 - 26 Dec 1993         Yesufu Oloyede Asanike II          (d. 1993)
Jan 1994 - 1996?           Emmanuel A. Adeyemo
2000? -                    Yinusa Ogundipe Arapasowu I

....                       Idoani state founded.
1899                       Annexed by the Niger Company, later incorporated into
                             Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Alani, also styled Oba)
.... - ....                Ani
.... - ....                Eware
.... - ....                Kosese
.... - ....                Kogbowo
.... - ....                Atariponasako
.... - ....                Mimi-Lanjobi
.... - ....                Ani-Onisu
.... - ....                Ajibuwa
.... - ....                Ajirotutu
.... - ....                Agunloko
.... - ....                Ajimokunola
.... - ....                Okinbaloye
.... - ....                Obasunloye
.... - ....                Akingbuda
.... - ....                Atorrungbuwa
1850? - 1899?              Atumwase
.... - 1921                Adesunloye Atewogboye
1921 - 1958                Falade I
1958 -                     Akingboye Falade II

c.19..                     Idoma polity organized under an Och'Idoma.

Ruler (title Och'Idoma)
.... - ....                ....
.... - ....                ....
Mar 1960 - 19..            Abraham Ajene Okpabi
1998? -                    Elias Ikoyi Obekpa Och'Idoma IV

bf.1700                    Igala state founded (also known as Idah).
1901                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Ata)
.... - ....                Abutu Eje
.... - ....                Ebelejonu (f)
.... - ....                Agenapoje
.... - ....                Idoko
.... - ....                Ayagba om Idoko
.... - ....                Akumabi om Ayagba (Onu)
.... - ....                Akogu om Ayagba
.... - ....                Ocoli om Ayagba (Ohiemi Obogo)
.... - ....                Agada Elame om Ayagba
.... - ....                Amaco om Akumabi
.... - ....                Itodo Aduga om Akumabi
.... - ....                Ogala om Akogu
.... - ....                Idoko Adegbe om Ocoli
.... - ....                Onuce om Amaco
.... - 1835                Ekalaga om Ogala
1835 - 1856                Amoceje om Itodo
1856 - 1870                Odiba om Idoko
1870 - 1876                Okoliko om Onuce
1876 - 1900                Amaga om Ekalaga
1900 - 1903                Oceje Onokpa om Amoceje
1905 - 1911                Ame Oboni om Odiba
1911 - 1919                Oguce Akpa om Okoliko
1919 - 1926                Atabo om Amaga
1926 - 1945                Obaje om Oceje
1945 - 23 Jun 1956         `Umaru Ame Akpoli om Oboni
20 Oct 1956 -              'Alii om Obaje

....                       Igbirra state founded.
20 May 1892                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Ruler (title Ata)
15 Nov 1917 -  7 Jul 1954  Ibrahima
Ruler (title Ohinoyi)
1954 -                     Muhamman Sani Omolori

1836                       Ijaye separated from Oyo.
1861                       Ijaye re-incorporated into Oyo (in later independent Ibadan).

Ruler (title Oba)
1836 - 1861                Kurunmi

bf.1400                    Ijebu state founded.
20 May 1892                Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Awujale)
1885 - 18..                Towasi
1892?                       Gbelegbuwa I
1896?                      Ogbagba I
1926?                      Falabade
19.. - 1933                Ali Ogunaike
Sep 1933 - 1959            Daniel Adesanya Gbelegbuwa II
1959 -                     Sikiru Adetonwa Ogbagba II

1937                       This vassal of Ijebu is made a separate "native authority."

Rulers (title Akarigbo)
19.. - 1952                Erinwole I Awolesi
25 Apr 1952 - 1989         Erinwole II Moses Sowemimo Awolesi    (d. 1989)
14 Jul 1990 -              Michael Adeniyi Sonariwo Erinjugbo II

bf.1500                    Ile Ife, the notional Yoruba "spiritual" center, founded.
1900                       Part of Niger River Protectorate (later Northern Nigeria).

Rulers (title Ooni Ife)
.... - ....                Odunle Akinmoyero
.... - ....                Gbanlare
.... - ....                Gbegbaje
.... - ....                Winmolaje
.... - 1849                Adegunle Abeweela "gbegi-gbegi"
1849 - 1878                Degbin Kumbusu
1878 - 1881                Orayigba Ayikiti "Ojaja"
1881 - 1894                Aderin Ologbenla (in exile)
1894 - 1910                Adelekan Olubuse I
1910 - 1930                Ademiluyi Ajagun
25 Sep 1930 -  7 Jul 1980  Titus Martins Adesoji Tadeniawo Aderemi I  (b. 1889 - d. 1980)
Nov 1980 -                 Okunade Adele Sijuwade Olubuse II          (b. 1930)

c.1500                     Ilesa state founded (also known as Ijesa).

Rulers (title Owa, full style Owa Obokan Adimula)
.... - 17..                Bilagbayo
17.. - ....                Ori Abejoye
.... - ....                Bilajagodo "Arijelesin"
.... - ....                Bilatutu "Otutu bi Osin"
.... - ....                Bilasa "Asa abodofunfun"
c.1800                     Akesan
.... - 1807                Bilajara
1807 - 1813                Ogbagba
1813 - 1828                Obara "Bilajila"
1828 - 1833                Odundun
1833 - 1839                Gbegbaaje
1839                       Ariyasunle (1st time) -Regent
1839 - 1853                Ofokutu
1853                       Ariyasunle (2nd time) -Regent
1853 - 1867                Ponlose
1867 - 1869                Alobe
1869 -  4 Jun 1870         Agunlejika I
 4 Jun 1870 - 1871         Vacant
1871 - 1873                Oweweniye (1st time)
1873                       Vacant
1873 - 1875                Oweweniye (2nd time)
1875 - Sep 1892            Adimula Agunloye-bi-Oyinbo "Bepolonun"
Mar 1893 - Nov 1894        Lowolodu
Nov 1894 - Apr 1896        Vacant
Apr 1896 - Sep 1901        Ajimoko I
1901 - 1920                Ataiyero
1920 - 1942                Aromolaran I
1942 - 10 Sep 1942         .... -Regent
10 Sep 1942 - 18 Oct 1956  Ajimoko II "Fidipote"
18 Oct 1956 - 1957         J.E. Awodiya -Regent
1957 - Jul 1963            Biladu III "Fiwajoye"
Jul 1963 - 1966            .... -Regent
1966 - 19..                Agunlejika II 
1982? -                    Oba Gabriel Adekunle Aromolaran II

1817                       Ilorin state separated from Oyo by rebellious commander.
 5 Mar 1897                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Ruler (title Oba) 
1817 - 1831                Afonja                             (d. 1831)
Rulers (title Sarkin Ilorin, also styled emir)
1831 - 1842                `Abdusalami dan Salih `Alimi       (d. 1842)
1842 - 1860                Shi'ta dan Salih `Alimi            (d. 1860)
1860 - 1868                Zubayro dan `Abdusalami            (d. 1868)
1868 - 1891                Shi'ta `Aliyu dan Shi'ta           (b. c.1845 - d. 1891)
1891 - 1896                Moma dan Zubayru                   (d. 1896)
1896 - 14 Jan 1915         Sulaymanu dan `Aliyu               (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1915 - Nov 1919            Shu`aybu Bawa dan Zubayru          (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
17 Feb 1920 - Jun 1959     `Abd al-Qadiri dan Shu`aybu        (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
30 Jun 1959 - 1991         Zulkarnayni Gambari dan Muhammadu 
                             Laofe "Aiyelabowo V"
1992 - Aug 1994            Malam dan `Abd al-Qadiri
1995 -                     Ibrahim Kolapo dan Gambari
                             (later Ibrahim Sulu Gambari)

1811                       Jama`are, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.  
Oct 1903                   Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1811 - 1824                Muhammadu Wabi I dan Ardo Sale          (d. 1824)
1824 - 1854                Sambolei dan Ardo Sale                  (d. 1854)
1854 - 1862                Muhammadu Maude dan Sambolei            (d. 1862)
1862 - 1886                Muhammadu Sambo dan Muhammadu Wabi      (d. 1886)
1886 - 11 Jan 1918         Muhammadu Wabi II dan Muhammadu Sambo   (d. 1918)
 4 Mar 1918 - 1928         Muhammadu Goje dan Muhammadu Wabi       (d. 1928)
1928 - 1975                Muhammadu Wabi III dan Muhammadu Goje   (b. 1900 - d. 1975)
1975 -                     Muhammadu Wabi IV dan Muhammadu Wabi

1810                       Jema`an Darroro, a Fulbe jihad state, founded.
1902                       Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Emirs
1810 - 1833                Malam `Usman                       (d. 1833)
1833 - 1837                `Abd Allahi dan `Usman             (d. 1837)
1837                       `Abd ar-Rahman (1st time) -Regent
1837 - 1846                Musa dan `Usman (1st time)
1846 - 1849                `Abd ar-Rahman (2nd time) -Regent
1849 - 1850                Musa dan `Usman (2nd time)
1850 - 1869                Adamu dan `Usman (1st time)
1869 - 1881                Muhammadu Adda dan `Usman (1st time)
1881 - 1885                Adamu dan `Usman (2nd time)
1885 - 1888                Muhammadu Adda dan `Usman (2nd time)
1888 - 1911                `Abd Allahi dan `Abd ar-Rahman     (b. 18.. - d. 1911)
1911 - 1915                Muhammadu dan `Abd Allahi          (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1915 - Nov 1926            `Abd Allahi dan `Abd Allahi        (d. 1926)
Mar 1927 - 1960            Muhammadu dan Muhammadu            (b. 1872 - d. 1960)
1960 - 1961                Twelve Elders -Regents
1961 - Nov 1998            Isa dan Muhammadu                  (d. 1998)
May 1999 -                 Muhammadu dan Isa                  (b. 1970?)

19..                       Jos polity organized under a chief.

Chiefs (title Gbong Gwon)
1956?                      Rwang Pam
1970 -                     Fom Bot

c.1600                     Kalabari city-state founded.
 5 Jun 1885                Part of Oil Rivers British protectorate (later Southern Nigeria).
c.1900                     Named New Calabar in protectorate terminology.

Rulers (title Amanyanabo)
1720?                      Igonibo
17.. - 17..                Ngbesa
17.. - 17..                Omuye
17.. - 17..                Bokoye
17.. - 1750                Daba
1750 - 1770                Kalagba
1770 - 1790                Amakiri I
1790 - ....                Amakiri II
.... - Apr 1863            Amakiri III
Apr 1863 - 1900            Amakiri IV (Abbe Princewill)
1900 - 1918                Amakiri V (Charlie Keini)
1919 - 1929                Amakiri VI (Willie Keini)
1932 - 1960                Amakiri VII (Obenibo J.T. Princewill)
1960 - 1972                Amakiri VIII (Frederick Princewill)
1972 - 1975                Amakiri IX (Cottone Keini)
1975 -  7 Jun 1998         Amakiri X (Abbiye Suku)
 7 Jun 1998 -              Vacant

998                        Kano state re-founded.
Mar 1807                   Kano as a Fulbe jihad state replaces the old (Hausa) Kano state.
 3 Feb 1903                Part of British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

Rulers (title Sarkin Kano)
1670 - May 1702            Muhamman Dadi dan Bawa
May 1702 - Jul 1730        Muhamman Sharefa dan Muhamman Dadi
Jul 1730 - Feb 1743        Muhamman Kumbari dan Muhamman Sharefa
Feb 1743 - May 1753        Kabe dan Muhamman Kumbari
May 1753 - May 1768        Muhamman Yaji II ibn Muhamman Dadi
May 1768 - Feb 1776        Babba Zaki dan Muhamman Yaji
Feb 1776 - Dec 1780        Da'uda Abasama II dan Muhamman Yaji
Dec 1781 - Mar 1807        Muhamman Alwali dan Muhamman Yaji           (d. 1807)
Rulers (title Sarkin Kano, also styled emir)
Mar 1807 - 22 Aug 1819     Sulaymanu dan Abahama                       (d. 1819)
21 Sep 1819 -  9 Feb 1846  Ibrahim Dabo dan Muhamman "Cigari"          (d. 1846)
Mar 1846 - 26 Aug 1855     `Uthman I dan Ibrahim Dabo "Ma-je-Ringim"   (d. 1855)
16 Sep 1855 -  8 Sep 1882  `Abd Allahi dan Ibrahim Dabo "Sarkin Yanka" (d. 1882)
Sep 1882 - 25 Nov 1893     Muhamman Bello dan Ibrahim Dabo             (d. 1893)
Dec 1893 - 16 Mar 1895     Muhamman Tukur dan Muhamman Bello           (d. 1895)
16 Mar 1895 - Apr 1903     `Aliyu Baba dan `Abd Allahi                 (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
                             (in rebellion from 19 Aug 1894)
 3 Apr 1903 -  1 May 1919  Muhammadu `Abbas dan `Abd Allahi            (b. 18.. - d. 1919)
1919 - 1926                `Uthman II dan `Abd Allahi                  (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
1926 - 25 Dec 1953         `Abd Allahi Bayaro dan Muhammadu `Abbas     (b. 1883 - d. 1953)
 1 Jan 1954 - 1963         Muhammadu Sanusi dan `Abd Allahi Bayaro     (b. 1905 - d. af.1984)
1963 -  8 Oct 1963         Muhammadu Inuwa `Abbas dan Muhammadu `Abbas (b. 1901 - d. 1963)
12 Oct 1963 -              Ado Bayaro dan `Abd Allahi Bayaro           (b. 1930)

1807   &nb