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![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
![[1903 Flag of Panama]](pa-1903.gif)
![[Flag of Panama]](pa.gif)
De facto rulers
11 Oct 1968 - 31 Jul 1981 Omar Efraín Torrijos
Herrera (b. 1929 - d. 1981) Mil; 1978
(commander National Guard)
PRD
3 Mar 1982 - 12 Aug 1983 Rubén Darío Paredes
del Río (b. 1933)
Mil
(commander National Guard)
12 Aug 1983 - 20 Dec 1989 Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
(b. 1936) Mil
(commander National Guard [from 29 Sep 1983
Panama Defense Forces])
Governors of Veragua
6 Jun 1508 - 1511
Diego de Nicuesa (d. 1511)
1511 - 1513
Vasco Núñez de Balboa (b. 1475 - d. 1519)
Governors of Castilla de Oro
1513 - 1520
Pedro Arias Dávila (1st time) (b. 1460? - d. 1631)
1520
Lope de Sosa
1520 - 1526
Pedro Arias Dávila (2nd time) (s.a.)
1526 - 1529
Pedro de los Ríos y Gutierrez (d. 1547)
de Aguayo
Governors of Panama
5 Aug 1529 - Jul 1532
Antonio de la Gama
1533 - Aug 1536
Francisco Barrionuevo
1536
Pascual de Andagoya
Sep 1536 - Feb 1539
Pedro Vázquez de Acuña
1539 - 1543
Francisco Pérez de Robles
(president of the Audiencia)
1543 - 1545
Pedro Ramírez de Quiñones
(1st time)
1545
Pedro Casaos
1545
Diego de Herrera
1545 - 1546
Hernando de Bichacao
1546
Pedro de Rivero
1546
Pedro Antonio de Hinojosa
1546
Pedro de la Gasca
1546 - 1548
Alonso de Álvarez
1548
Pedro Ramírez de Quiñones
(2nd time)
1549 - 1550
Juan Barba de Vallecillo
1550 - 1553
Sancho de Clavijo
1553 - 1556
Álvaro de Sosa
1557 - 1559
Juan Ruiz de Monjarás
1559 - 1561
Rafael de Figueroa
1561 - 1563
Luis de Guzmán
1563
Juan Busto de Villegas
(did not serve)
1563 - 1564
Lope García de Castro
1565 - 1566
Manuel Barros de San Millán
(1st time)
1566
Alonso Arias de Herrera y
Maldonado
1566
Juan de Pinedo
Governor/Presidents
1567 - 1569
Manuel Barros de San Millán
(2nd time)
1569 - 1573
Diego Lope de Vera
1573 - 1578
Gabriel Loarte
1578
Juan López de Cepeda (interim)
1576 - 1585
Pedro Ramírez de Quiñones
(3rd time)
1585 - 1587
Juan del Barrio Sepúlveda
(1st time)
1587 - 1596
Francisco de Cárdenas
1596
Juan del Barrio Sepúlveda
(interim) (2nd time)
1596 - 1602
Alonso Sotomayor y Andía
1602 - 1604
Hernando de Añazco
1605 - 1614
Francisco Valverde de Mercado
1614 - 1616
Francisco Manso de Contreras
1616 - 1619
Diego Fernández de Velasco
1619 - 1621
Juan de la Cruz Rivadeneira
1621
Roque Chávez
1621 - 1627
Rodrigo Vivero y Velasco
1627
Juan de Colmenares Andrade
(did not serve)
1627
Francisco Brienda y Cárdenas
(declined office)
1627 - 1632
Álvaro de Quiñones Osorio y
Miranda
1632 - 1634
Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
y Gaviría
1634 - 1638
Enrique Enríquez de Sotomayor
1638
Andrés Garabito de León
(interim)
1638 - 1642
Iñigo de la Motta Sarmiento
1643 - 1646
Juan de la Vega y Bazán
1646 - 1649
Juan Fernández de Córdoba y
Croalla
1649 - 1650
Juan Barba Vallecillo
1650 - 1651
Juan de Bitrián Navarra y
Biamonte (interim)
1651
Diego de Orozco (interim)
1651 - 1652
Francisco de Guzmán de Toledo
(interim)
1651
Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
(declined office)
1651
Francisco Herrera y Henríquez
(declined office)
1652 - 1657
Pedro Carrilla de Guzmán
1658 - 1663
Fernando Ibáñez de la
Riva Aguero y Setien
1663 - 1665
Pablo Figueroa
1665 - 1667
Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Gonzaga
(1st time)
1667 - 1669
Agustín de Bracamonte, Jr.
1669
Diego de Ibarra (interim)
(1st time)
1669 - 1671
Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Gonzaga
(2nd time)
1671
Diego de Ibarra (interim)
(2nd time)(declined office)
1671
Luis Losada Quinoñes (magistrate)
1671
Andres Martínez de Amileta
(magistrate)
1671
Francisco Miguel de Marichalar
(1st time)
1671 - 1673
Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y
Mendoza
1673 - 1675
Antonio de León, Obispo de Panamá
1675 - 1676
Francisco Miguel de Marichalar
(2nd time)
1676 - 1681
Alonso Mercado de Villacorta
1681 - 1682
Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita,
Obispo de Panamá
1682
José Alzamora
1682 - 1690
Pedro Ponte de Llorena Hoyo y
Calderón, conde de Palmar
1690 - 1695
Pedro José de Guzmán Dávalos,
marqués de Mina
1695 - 1696
Diego Ladrón de Guvera,
Obispo de Panamá
1696 - 1699
Pedro Luis Henríquez de Guzmán,
conde de Canillas (1st time)
1699
José Antonio de la Rocha y
Carranza (1st time)
1699 - 1702
Pedro Luis Henríquez de Guzmán,
conde de Canillas (2nd time)
1702 - 1706
Fernando D'Avila Bravo de Laguna
1706
Juan Eustaquio Vicentel Toledo
y Luca, marqués de Brenes
1706 - 1708
José Antonio de la Rocha y
Carranza, marques de Brenes
(1st time)
1708 - 1709
Fernando Haro de Monterroso
1709 - 1710
Juan Bautista de Ureta e Irusta
1710 - 1711
Juan de la Rañeta y Vera
1711
José Antonio de la Rocha y
Carranza, marques de Brenes
(2nd time)
1711 - 1718
José Hurtado de Amézaga
Governors
1718
Juan José Llamas y Rivas,
Obispo de Panamá
1718 - 1723
Jerónimo Vadillo
Governors/Presidents
1723 - 1724
Gaspar Pérez Buelta
1724
José Alzamora y Ursino (interim)
1724 - 1730
Manuel de Aldrete
1730 - 1735
Juan José Andía Viero Velasco,
marqués de Villa Hermosa
1735 - 1748
Dionisio Martínez de la Vega
1749 - 1751
Manuel de Montiano
Governors
1751 - 1758
Manuel de Montiano
1758 - 1761
Antonio Guil y Gonzaga
1762
José Roan (interim)
1762 - 1764
José de Arana y Garnica (interim)
1764 - Jul 1767
José Blasco de Orosco
(d. 1767)
1767
Joaquín Cabrejo (interim)
1767 - 1768
Manuel de Agreda (interim)
1768 - 1769
Nicolás de Castro (1st time) (d. 1772)
Dec 1769 - Jun 1772 Vicente
de Olaciregui
(d. 1772)
Jun 1772 - 1772
Nicolás de Castro (2nd time) (s.a.)
(interim)
1773 - May 1774
Nicholás Quijano
(d. 1774)
May 1774 - 1774
Francisco Navas (interim)
1774 - Nov 1779
Pedro Carbonell Pinto Vigo y
Correa
Nov 1779 - 1785
Ramón de Carvajal
1786 - 1793
José Dómas y Valle
1793 - 1803
Antonio Narváez y la Torre (b. 1733? - d. 1812)
15 Mar 1803 - 22 Feb 1805 Jaun de Marcos Urbina
(d. 1805)
1805 - 12 Jul 1812
Juan Antonio de la Mata
(d. 1812)
12 Jul 1812 - 1813
Víctor Salcedo y Somodevilla
1813 - 1815
Carlos Meyner
1815 - 1816
Francisco de Ayala Gudiño Medina (d. 1816)
y Calderón (interim)
1816
José Alvarez (interim)
1816 - 17 Jul 1817
Juan Domingo de Iturralde (interim)
17
Jul 1817 - 8 Jul 1820 Alejandro de Hore,
(d. 1820)
mariscal de Campo
8 Jul 1820 - 28 Dec 1820 Francisco Aguilar (interim)
28
Dec 1820 - 2 Aug 1821 Pedro Ruíz de Porras
(d. 1821)
Aug 1821 - Aug 1821 Tomás
Cires (acting)
Aug 1821 - 22 Oct 1821 Juan de la Cruz
Mourgeón y Achet (d. 1822)
22 Oct 1821 - 28 Nov 1821 José de Fábrega (1st
time) (b. 1777 - d. 1841)
(interim)
Military governor
9 Feb 1822 - 1826
José María Carreño (b. 1792 - d. 1849)
Governors
9 Feb 1822 - 1826
Juan José Argote (1st time)
1826
Manuel Muñoz (1st time)(acting)
1826 - 1827
José de Fábrega (1st time) (s.a.)
1827
José Domingo Espinar (1st time) (b. 1791 - d.
1862)
1827 - Jun 1828
Manuel Muñoz (2nd time)(acting)
Jun 1828 - 1829
José Sardá
1829 - 1830
José de Fábrega (2nd time) (s.a.)
1830 - Dec 1830
José Domingo Espinar (2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1830 - 1831
Juan Eligio Alzuru
(b. 1791 - d. 1831)
1 Jul 1831 - Jul 1831 Justo Paredes
-Superior Chief
Jul 1831 - 1832
Tomás de Herrera -Military governor (b. 1804 - d. 1854)
(1st time)
1832
Pedro Jiménez
1832 - 1833
Juan José Argote (2nd time)
1833 - 1834
Juan B. Feraud
1834 - 1836
Manuel José Hurtado
1836 - 1840
Pedro de Obarrio
18 May 1840 - 1842
Tomás de Herrera (2nd time) (s.a.)
Superior Civil Chief
18 Nov 1840 - 20 Mar 1841 Tomás José Ramón
del Carmen de (b. 1804 - d. 1854)
Herrera y Pérez Dávila
Superior Chief of State
20 Mar 1841 - 8 Jun 1841 Tomás José Ramón
del Carmen de (s.a.)
Herrera y Pérez Dávila
President
8 Jun 1841 - 31 Dec 1841 Tomás José Ramón
del Carmen de (s.a.)
Herrera y Pérez Dávila
1842
Miguel Chiari Jiménez (b.
1808 - d. 1881)
1842
J. Victoria y Echavarría
1843 - 1845
Anselmo Pineda
1845
José de Obaldía y Orejuela
(b. 1806 - d. 1889)
(1st time)
1845 - 1846
Tomás de Herrera (3rd time) (s.a.)
1846
Manuel Quesada
1846
José María Barriga
1849
Manuel María Díaz (1st time)
(acting)
1849
Tomás de Herrera (4th time)
(s.a.)
1850 - 1851
José de Obaldía y Orejuela
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1851
Manuel María Díaz (2nd time)
(acting)
1851
Tomás de Herrera (4th time)
(s.a.)
1851
Juan Antonio Bermúdez
1851
Carlos Icaza Arosemena (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
1852
Tomás de Herrera (5th time)
(s.a.)
1852
Antonio Planas
1852
Bernardo Arze De Mata (1st time)
1852 - 1853
Salvador Camacho Roldán (b. 1827 - d. 1900)
1853
Bernardo Arze De Mata (2nd time)
(acting)
1854
José María Urrutia Añio
1854 - 1855
Juan Echavarría
1855
Isidro de Diego
1855
Damián José Pacheco
1855
Bernardo Arze De Mata (3rd time)
1855 - 15 Jul 1855
Manuel María Díaz (3rd time)
(acting)
16 Jul 1855 - 3 Oct 1855 Justo Arosemena Quesada
(b. 1817 - d. 1896)
(initially provisional head of state)
3 Oct 1855 - 1 Oct 1856 Francisco de Fábrega
(acting) (b. 1815 - d. 1879)
1 Oct 1856 - 5 May 1858 Bartolomé Calvo
y Díaz de Lamadrid (b. 1815 - d. 1889)
5 May 1858 - 1 Oct 1858 Ramón Gamboa (acting)
1 Oct 1858 - 2 Nov 1858 Rafael Núñez
(acting)
(b. 1825 - d. 1894)
2 Nov 1858 - 1 Oct 1860 José de Obaldía
y Orejuela (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1 Oct 1860 - 25 Jul 1862 Santiago de la Guardia y Arrue
(b. 1829 - d. 1862)
25 Jul 1862 - 12 Aug 1863 Manuel María
Díaz (provisional)
(4th time)
Presidents
6 Jul 1863 - 12 Aug 1863 Pedro Goitia (acting)
13 Aug
1863 - 16 Oct 1864 Peregrino Santacoloma
(d. 1890)
(acting from 1 Oct 1864)
17 Oct 1864 - 9 Mar 1865 José Leonardo Calancha
(acting)
10
Mar 1865 - 30 Sep 1866 Gil Colunje
(b. 1831 - d. 1899)
(provisional to 1 Jul 1865, then acting)
1 Oct 1866 - 13 Mar 1868 Vicente Olarte Galindo
(d. 1868)
14 Mar 1868 - 4 Jul 1868 Justo José Díaz
(acting)
5 Jul 1868 - 29 Aug 1868 Fernando Ponce (provisional)
29 Aug 1868 - 1 Oct 1872 Buenaventura Correoso (1st
time) (b. 1831 - d. 1911)
(acting to 1 Oct 1868)
1 Oct 1872 - 5 Apr 1873 Gabriel Neira (1st time)
(acting)
5 Apr 1873 - 8 May 1873 Dámaso A. Cervera
(1st time) (b. 1837 - d. 1898)
(acting)
8 May 1873 - 12 Nov 1873 Gabriel Neira (2nd time)
(acting to 1 Oct 1873, then provisional)
12 Nov 1873 - 1 Oct 1875 Gregorio Miró
1 Oct 1875 - 12 Oct 1875 Pablo Arosemena Alba (1st
time) (b. 1836 - d. 1920)
12 Oct 1875 - 1 Jan 1878 Rafael Aizpuru (1st time) (b. 1843 - d. 1919)
(provisional to 1 Jan 1876)
1 Jan 1878 - 29 Dec 1878 Buenaventura Correoso (2nd
time) (s.a.)
29 Dec 1878 - 7 Jun 1879 José Ricardo Casorla
(1st time)
(acting)
7 Jun 1879 - 15 Jun 1879 Gerardo Ortega (1st time)
(acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1925)
15 Jun 1879 - 17 Jun 1879 José Ricardo Casorla (2nd
time)
(acting)
17 Jun 1879 - 1 Jan 1880 Gerardo Ortega (2nd time)
(acting) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1880 - 2 Jul 1883 Dámaso A. Cervera
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 Jul 1883 - 6 Jul 1883 Benjamín Ruiz
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1852 - d. 1914)
6 Jul 1883 - 10 Jul 1883 Dámaso A. Cervera (3rd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Jul 1883 - 13 Jul 1883 Benjamín Ruiz (2nd time)
(acting) (s.a.)
13 Jul 1883 - 27 Nov 1884 Dámaso A. Cervera (4th time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
27 Nov 1884 - 7 Jan 1885 José María Vives
León (acting)
7 Jan 1885 - 16 Feb 1885 Ramón Santodomingo
Vila (1st time) (b. 18.. - d. 1908)
16 Feb 1885 - 26 Mar 1885 Pablo Arosemena Alba (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
26 Mar 1885 - Apr 1885 Carlos A. Gónima
(civil and military chief)
Apr 1885 - 1 May 1885 Rafael Aizpuru
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(civil and military chief)
1 May 1885 - 14 Feb 1886 Miguel Montoya
(civil and miltary chief)
15 Feb 1886 - 5 Jul 1886 Ramón Santodomingo Vila (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Jun 1886 - 25 Jun 1886 Manuel Amador Guerrero (acting) (b. 1833 - d. 1909)
Governors
26 Jun 1886 - 22 Jul 1887 Alejandro Posada (1st time)
23 Jul 1887 - 20 Jan 1888 Juan V. Aycardi (1st time)
21 Jan 1888 - 9 Mar 1888
Alejandro Posada (2nd time)
9 Mar 1888 - 31 Aug 1893 Juan V. Aycardi (2nd time)
1
Sep 1893 - 8 Oct 1898 Ricardo Arango
(b. 1839 - d. 1898)
9 Oct 1898 - 31 Dec 1899
Facundo Mutis-Durán (1st time)
2 Jan 1900 - 1900
José María Campo Serrano (b. 1832 - d. 1915)
1900
Alejandro Orillac (acting)
1900 - 20 Jan 1902
Carlos Albán (b. 1844 - d. 1902)
Jan 1902 - 3 Mar 1902 Aristides Arjona
3 Mar 1902 - 3 Jan 1903 Víctor Manuel Salazar
("accidental")
3 Jan 1903 - 1903 Facundo Mutis-Durán (2nd time)
Aug 1903 - 3 Nov 1903 José Domingo de
Obaldía
(b. 1845 - d. 1910)
President of the Municipal Council of the District of Panama
3 Nov 1903 - 4 Nov 1903 Demetrio Honorato Brid
Lasso (b. 1859 - d. 1917) PC
Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta
4 Nov 1903 - 20 Feb 1904 José Agustín
Arango Remón
(b. 1841 - d. 1909) PC
Presidents
20
Feb 1904 - 1 Oct 1908 Manuel Amador Guerrero
(b. 1833 - d. 1909) PC
1 Oct 1908 - 1 Mar 1910 José Domingo de
Obaldía (s.a.) PC
1 Mar 1910 - 1 Oct 1910 Carlos Antonio Mendoza
Soto (b. 1858 - d. 1916) PL
(acting)
1 Oct 1910 - 5 Oct 1910 Federico Augusto Boyd
López (b. 1851 - d. 1924)
PL
(acting)
5 Oct 1910 - 1 Oct 1912 Pablo Arosemena Alba (acting)
(b. 1836 - d. 1920) PL
1 Oct 1912 - 1 Oct 1916 Belisario Porras Barahona
(b. 1856 - d. 1942) PL
(1st time)
1 Oct 1916 - 3 Jun 1918 Ramón Maximiliano de la Concepción (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
PL
Valdés Arce
3 Jun 1918 - 1 Oct 1918 Ciro Luis Urriola Garrés
(acting) (b. 1863 - d. 1922) PL
1 Oct 1918 - 12 Oct 1918 Pedro Antonio Díaz de
Obaldía (b. 1847 - d. 1919) PC
(acting)
12 Oct 1918 - 30 Jan 1920 Belisario Porras Barahona
(s.a.) PL
(2nd time)
30 Jan 1920 - 1 Oct 1920 Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre de la
Ossa (b. 1876 - d. 1922) PL
(acting)
1 Oct 1920 - 1 Oct 1924 Belisario Porras Barahona
(s.a.) PL
(3rd time)
1 Oct 1924 - 1 Oct 1928 Rodolfo Enrique Chiari Robles
(b. 1869 - d. 1937) PL
1 Oct 1928 - 2 Jan 1931 Florencio Harmodio Arosemena
(b. 1872 - d. 1945) PL
Guillén
2 Jan 1931 - 16 Jan 1931 Harmodio Arias Madrid (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1962) PLD
(acting for Ricardo Jované)
16 Jan 1931 - 1 Oct 1932 Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro
Jované (b. 1882 - d. 1971) PL
(acting)
1 Oct 1932 - 1 Oct 1936
Harmodio Arias Madrid (2nd time)
(s.a.) PLD
1 Oct 1936 - 16 Dec 1939 Juan Demóstenes Arosemena
Barreati (b. 1879 - d. 1939) PLN
16 Dec 1939 - 18 Dec 1939 Ezequiel Fernández Jaén
(acting) (b. 1886 - d. 1946) PNR
18 Dec 1939 - 1 Oct 1940 Augusto Samuel Boyd Briceño
(b. 1879 - d. 1957) PNR
(acting)
1 Oct 1940 - 9 Oct 1941 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1st
time) (b. 1901 - d. 1988) PNR
9 Oct 1941 (hours)
Ernesto Jaén Guardia (acting) (b. 1895
- d. 1961) Non-party
9 Oct 1941 - 15 Jun 1945 Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia
(b. 1899 - d. 1969) Non-party
Arango (acting to 21 Oct 1941)
15 Feb 1945 - 15 Jun 1945 Jeptha Brawner Duncan Guillén-
(b. 1885 - d. 1977) PL
Arosemena (acting, in dissidence)
15 Jun 1945 - 1 Oct 1948 Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
Brin (b. 1888 - d. 1970) PL
(provisional)
12 Jul 1948 - 13 Jul 1948
Henrique de Obarrio Vallarino (b. 1898 - d. 1978)
Non-party
(provisional, in dissidence)
1 Oct 1948 - 23 Aug
1949 Domingo Díaz Arosemena
(b. 1875 - d. 1949) PL
28 Jul 1949 - 24 Nov 1949¹ Daniel Chanis Pinzón
(b. 1891 - d. 1961) PL
(acting for Díaz Arosemena to 23 Aug 1949)
20 Nov 1949 - 25 Nov 1949¹ Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(b. 1905 - d. 1981) PLN
(acting for Pinzón)
25 Nov 1949 - 25 May 1951 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PRA
(suspended from 9 May 1955)
9 May 1951 - 1 Oct 1952 Alcibíades Arosemena
Quinzada (b. 1883 - d. 1958) PRA
(acting for Arnulfo Arias to 25 May 1951)
1 Oct 1952 - 2 Jan 1955 José Antonio Remón
Cantera (b. 1908 - d. 1955)
CNP
2 Jan 1955 - 29 Mar 1955 José Ramón Guizado
Valdés (b. 1899
- d. 1964) CNP
(suspended from 15 Jan 1955)
15 Jan 1955 - 1 Oct 1956 Ricardo Manuel Arias Espinosa
(b. 1912 - d. 1993) CNP
(acting for Valdés to 29 Mar 1955)
1 Oct 1956 - 1 Oct 1960 Ernesto de la Guardia
Navarro (b. 1904 - d. 1983) CNP
1 Oct 1960 - 1 Oct 1964 Roberto Francisco Chiari
Remón (s.a.)
PLN
1 Oct 1964 - 1 Oct 1968 Marco Aurelio Robles Méndez
(b. 1905 - d. 1990) PLN
24 Mar 1968 - 5 Apr 1968 Max Delvalle Levy-Maduro
(b. 1911 - d. 1979)
(in dissidence)
1 Oct 1968 - 12 Oct 1968 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (3rd time)
(s.a.)
PP
12 Oct 1968 - 19 Dec 1969 José M. Pinilla
Fábrega (b. 1919 -
d. 1979) Mil
(chairman Provisional Junta)
19 Dec 1969 - 11 Oct 1978 Demetrio Basilio Lakas Bahas
(b. 1925 - d. 1999) Non-party
(chairman Provisional Junta to 11 Oct 1972)
11
Oct 1978 - 31 Jul 1982 Aristides Royo Sánchez
(b. 1940)
Non-party
31 Jul 1982 - 13 Feb 1984 Ricardo de la Espriella Toral
(b. 1934)
Non-party
13 Feb 1984 - 11 Oct 1984 Jorge Enrique Illueca Sibauste
(b. 1918)
Non-party
11 Oct 1984 - 28 Sep 1985 Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
(b. 1938)
PRD
28 Sep 1985 - 26 Feb 1988 Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen- (b. 1937)
PR
Henríquez
(continues in dissidence to 1 Sep 1989)
26 Feb 1988 - 1 Sep 1989 Manuel Solís Palma (acting)
(b. 1917 - d. 2009)
PRD
1 Sep 1989 - 20 Dec 1989 Francisco Antonio Rodríguez
Poveda (b. 1938)
PRD
(provisional)
20 Dec 1989 - 1 Sep 1994 Guillermo David Endara Galimany
(b. 1936 - d. 2009) PPA/PA
1 Sep 1994 - 1 Sep 1999 Ernesto Pérez Balladares
González (b. 1946)
PRD
Revilla
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2004 Mireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez
(f) (b. 1946)
PA
1
Sep 2004 - 1 Jul 2009 Martín Erasto Torrijos Espino (b.
1963)
PRD
1 Jul 2009 - Ricardo Martinelli
Berrocal (b. 1952)
CD
Chiefs of Government
11 Oct 1972 - 11 Oct 1978 Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera
(s.a.)
Mil;
(formally Supreme Leader of the Panamanian Revolution)
1978 PRD
15 Dec 1989 - 20 Dec 1989 Manuel Antonio Noriega Morena
(s.a.)
Mil
U.S. Military Commander
20
Dec 1989 - 31 Jan 1990 Carl Stiner
(b. 1936)
¹By a dubious intepretation of Art. 148
of the 1946 constitution dealing with presidential resignations, the Supreme
Court of Justice "conditionally" accepted on 20 Nov 1949 President Chanis's
resignation and swore in Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (s.a.), his
constitutional successor; when the National Assembly reconvened on 21 Nov
1949, Chanis "withdrew" his resignation, declaring that it was coerced, and
the Assembly, the body entitled to deal with resignations of the head of
state, on 22 Nov 1949 rejected it. The Supreme Court of Justice on 24 Nov 1949 agreed that Chanis indeed continued to hold office.
Party abbreviations: CD = Cambio Democrático (Democratic Change, conservative); PA = Partido Arnulfista (Arnulfist
Party, conservative); PLA = Partido Liberal Auténtico (Authentic
Liberal Party, liberal); PR = Partido Republicano (Republican Party);
PRD = Partido Revolucionario Democrático (Revolutionary
Democratic Party, populist); Mil = Military;
- Former Parties: CNP
= Coalición
Nacional Patriótica (National Patriotic Coalition, government party);
PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party); PL = Partido
Liberal (Liberal Party); PLD = Partido Liberal Doctrinario (Doctrinary
Liberal Party); PLN = Partido Liberal Nacional (National Liberal Party);
PNR = Partido Nacional Revolucionario (National Revolutionary
Party, authoritarian, anti-oligarchy, anti-U.S.); PP = Partido Panameñista
(Panamenista Party, Arnulfo Arias personalist); PPA = Partido Panameñista
Auténtico (Authentic Panamenista Party, renamed PA); PRA = Partido
Revolucionario Auténtico (Authentic Revolutionary Party)
New Caledonia (Darien)
-
![[Flag of Scotland]](gb-scotl.gif)
- 3 Nov 1698 - 24 Apr 1700
Darien (renamed New Edinburgh) on the isthmus of Panama.
20 Jun 1699 - 30 Nov 1699 Abandoned.
11 Apr 1700 Colony finally abandoned.
Governors
3 Nov 1698 - 20 Jun 1699 Sir William Paterson (b. 1658 - d. 1719)
20 Jun 1699 - 30 Nov 1699 Abandoned
30 Nov 1699 - 11 Apr 1700 Alexander Campbell of Fonab (b. c.1660 - d. 1724)
Panama Canal Zone
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![[US flag]](us50.gif)
![[Flag of Governor of Panama Canal Zone, 1915-1979]](pa_canal.jpg)
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Canal Zone |
"The Star Spangled Banner" |
"The Panama Canal Waltz" |
Zone Code (19 Jun 1934/18 Oct 1962) |
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(Culebra 1903-1915) |
(USD) |
National Holidays: 4 Jul (1776) U.S. Independence Day; 3 Nov (1903) Panama Independence Day -------------------------------------- Company Holiday: 14 Aug (1914) Panama Canal Day |
42,122 (1960) |
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Panama Canal Commission website |
Expend.: $314 million (1978) Income: $331 million (1978) |
Amerindian and other 33.1% (1960) |
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Canal Zone Police Force: 400 (1979) Defense was the Responsibility of the U.S. |
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| International Organizations/Treaties: UPU | |||
10 Jan 1880 - 4 Feb 1889 Ferdinand de Lesseps attemps excavation of a Panama canal.
18 Nov 1903
Panama Canal Zone leased to the U.S. (not including the cities of
Colón or Panama)(ratified 25 Feb 1904).
14 May 1904
Administered by the Panama Canal Company (U.S. War [from 1947
Defense] Department was the majority shareholder).
14 Aug 1914
Panama Canal opens.
30 Sep 1979
U.S. returns Canal Zone to Panama, but continues operation of
the Canal administered by the Panama Canal Commission.
31 Dec 1999
U.S. turns over operation of the Panama Canal to Panama,
administered by the Canal Authority.
Military Governors
14 May 1904 - 24 May 1905 George Whitefield Davis
(b. 1839 - d. 1918) Non-party
25
May 1905 - 12 Oct 1906 Charles Edward Magoon
(b. 1861 - d. 1920) Non-party
19 Nov 1906 - 31
Mar 1907 Richard Reid Rogers
(b. 1868 - d. 1949) Non-party
(General Counsel of the Isthmian Canal Commission)
1 Apr 1907 - 4 Dec 1909 Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn
(b. 1838 - d. 1918) Non-party
13 May 1910 - 8 Aug 1913 Maurice Hudson Thatcher
(b. 1870 - d. 1973) Non-party
9
Aug 1913 - 31 Mar 1914 Richard Lee Metcalfe
(b. 1861 - d. 1954) Non-party
Civil Governors
1 Apr 1914 - 10 Jan 1917 George Washington Goethals
(b. 1858 - d. 1928) Non-party
11
Jan 1917 - 27 Mar 1921 Chester Harding
(b. 1866 - d. 1936) Non-party
28
Mar 1921 - 15 Oct 1924 Jay Johnson Morrow
(b. 1870 - d. 1937) Non-party
16 Oct 1924 - 15 Oct 1928 Meriwether Lewis Walker
(b. 1869 - d. 1947) Non-party
16
Oct 1928 - 20 Oct 1932 Harry Burgess
(b. 1872 - d. 1933) Non-party
21 Oct 1932 - 26 Aug 1936 Julian Larcombe Schley
(b. 1880 - d. 1965) Non-party
27 Aug 1936 - 10 Jul 1940 Clarence Eugene Ridley
(b. 1883 - d. 1969) Non-party
11
Jul 1940 - 15 May 1944 Glen Edgar Egerton
(b. 1887 - d. 1956) Non-party
16 May 1944 - 19 May 1948 Joseph Cowles Mehaffey
(b. 1889 - d. 1963) Non-party
20 May 1948 - 26 May 1952 Francis Cosler Newcomer
(b. 1889 - d. 1967) Non-party
27
May 1952 - 27 May 1956 John States Seybold
(b. 1897 - d. 1984) Non-party
28 May 1956 - 30 Jun 1960 William Everett Potter
(b. 1905 - d. 1988) Non-party
1
Jul 1960 - 31 Jan 1962 William Arnold Carter
(b. 1907 - d. 1996) Non-party
1
Feb 1962 - 31 Jan 1967 Robert John Fleming
(b. 1907 - d. 1984) Non-party
21 Feb 1967 -
2 Mar 1971 Walter Philip Leber
(b. 1918 - d. 2009)
Non-party
3 Mar 1971 - 25 Mar 1975 David
Stuart Parker
(b. 1919 - d. 1990) Non-party
26
Mar 1975 - 30 Sep 1979 Harold R. Parfitt
(b. 1921 - d. 2006) Non-party
Administrators of the Panama Canal Commission¹
1 Oct 1979 - 31 Dec 1989 Dennis P. McAuliffe (U.S.)
(b. 1922)
1 Jan 1990 - 19 Sep 19902 Fernando
Manfredo, Jr. (Panama) (b. 1934)
(acting)
20 Sep 1990 - 17 Aug 1996 Gilberto Guardia Fabrega
(b. 1930)
(Panama)
18 Aug 1996 - 31 Dec 1999 Alberto Alemán
Zubieta
(b. 1951)
(Panama)
- Deputy Administrators -
1
Oct 1979 - 1 Jan 1990 Fernando Manfredo, Jr.
(s.a.)
(Panama)
1 Jan 1990 - 17 Aug 1996 Raymond Philip Laverty (U.S.)
(b. 1932)
(interim to 20 Sep 1990)
18 Aug 1996 - 31 Dec 1999 Joseph W. Cornelison (U.S.)
(b. 1948?)
¹The Panama Canal Treaty mandated that "the U.S. shall employ a national of the U.S. as Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission, and a Panamanian nation as deputy administrator, through 31 Dec 1989. Beginning 1 Jan 1990, a Panamanian national shall be employed as the administrator and a national of the U.S. shall occupy the position of deputy administrator."
2Manfredo accepted
the request of President George H.W. Bush to serve as acting administrator of
the commission until such time as a Panamanian administrator proposed by
a legitimate Panamanian government might be appointed by the U.S.
©2000 Ben Cahoon