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Paraguay
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![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
![[VWB tricolor]](py_1811b.gif)
![[RYB tricolor]](py_1811a.gif)
![[BWR tricolor]](py_1812.gif)
![[Blue flag]](py_1826.gif)
![[Paraguay flag (obv.)]](py_1842.gif)
![[Paraguayan flag (rev.)]](py_1842_.gif)
![[Paraguay flag (obv.)]](py.gif)
![[Paraguayan flag (rev.)]](py_.gif)
Governors
1534 - 1537
Pedro de Mendoza
1537 - 1539
Juan de Ayolas
1539 - 1542
Domingo Martínez de Irala
(1st time)
1542 - 1544
Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
1544 - 1556
Domingo Martínez de Irala
(2nd time)
1556 - 1557
Gonzalo de Mendoza
1557 - 1567
Francisco Ortiz de Vergara
1567 - 1572
Felipe de Cáceres
1572 - 1575
Martín Suárez de Toledo
1575 - 1576
Juan Ortiz de Zárate
1576
Ortiz de Zárate Mendieta
1576 - 1583
Juan de Garay
1583 - 1587
Juan de Torres Navarrete
1587 - 1592
Juan Torees de Vera y Aragón
1592 - 1599
Hernando Arias o Hernandarias
de Saavedra (1st time)
1599 - 1602
Diego Valdez de la Banda
1602 - 1609
Hernando Arias o Hernandarias
de Saavedra (2nd time)
1609 - 1615
Diego Marín de Negrón
1615 - 1618
Hernando Arias o Hernandarias
de Saavedra (3rd time)
1618 - 1626
Manuel de Frías
1626 - 1628
Diego de Rego y Mendoza
1628 - 1631
Luis de Céspedes Xeria
1631 - 1633
Francisco Núñez de Avalos
1633 - 1636
Martín de Ledesma Valderrama
1636 - 1641
Pedro de Lugo y Navarra
1641 - 1647
Gregorio de Hinestrosa
1647 - 1649
Diego de Escobar Osorio
1649
Bernardino de Cárdenas (acting)
1649 - 1650
Sebástian de León y Zárate
(acting)
1650 - 1653
Andrés de León y Garabito
1653 - 1656
Cristóbal de Garay y Saavedra
1656 - 1659
Juan Antonio Blásquez de Valverde
1659 - 1663
Alonso Sarmiento de Sotomayor
y Figueroa
1663 - 1671
Juan Díez de Andino (1st time)
1671 - 1673
Fracisco Rege Corbalán
1673 - 1681
Diego Ibañez
1681 - 1684
Juan Díez de Andino (2nd time)
1684 - 1685
Antonio de Vera Mújica
1685 - 1692
Francisco de Monforte
1692 - 1696
Sebastián Félix de Mendiola
(1st time)
1696 - 1702
Juan Rodrígez Cota
1702 - 1705
Antonio de Escobar y Guitérrez
1705 - 1706
Sebastián Félix de Mendiola
(2nd time)
1706 - 1707
Baltasar García Ros
1707 - 1713
Manuel de Robles Lorenzana
1713 - 1717
Juan Gregorio Bazán de Pedrazza
1717 - 1721
Diego de los Reyes Balmaceda
(1st time)
Aug 1721 - 1722
José de Antequera y Castro (d. 1731)
(acting) (1st time)
Feb 1722 - 1722
Diego de los Reyes Balmaceda
(2nd time)
1722 - 5 Mar 1725
José de Antequera y Castro (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1725
Bruno Mauricio de Závala y
Cortázar
1725 - 1731
Martín de Barúa
1731
Ignacio de Soroeta
Presidents of the Commune
(in Asunción, in rebellion)
Jan 1731 - 1731
Fernando de Mompox
+ Matías de Sadlivar
+ Francisco de Roa
+ José Luis Barreiro
+ Pedro Bogarín
1731
Alonso Reyes
Presidents of the Governing Junta
1731
José Luis Barreiro
1731 - 1732
Miguel de Garay
1732 - 1733
Antonio Ruíz de Arellano
Governors
27 Jul 1733 - 15 Sep 1733 Manuel Augstín de Ruiloba
y (d. 1733)
Calderón
1733 - 1734
Juan de Arregui Závalla y
Gutiérrez
1734 - 1735
Cristóbal Domínguez de Ovelar
1735
Bruno Mauricio de Zaval
1735 - 1741
Martín José de Echáuri
1741 - 1747
Rafael de la Moneda
1741 - 1750
Marcos José de Larrázabal
1750 - 1761
Jaime Sanjust
1756 - 1757
Nanguiru "King Nicholas I"
(chief of the Guarani in rebellion styled
"King of Paraguay, Emperor of the Mamelucos")
1761 - 1765
José Martínez Fontes
1765 - 1766
Flugencio de Yegros y Ledesma
1766 - 1772
Carlos Morphi
1772 - 1778
Augustín de Pineda Fernández de
Valdivieso
1778 - 1783
Pedro de Melo y Portugal Vilhena
Governor/Intendants
1783 - 1785
Pedro de Melo y Portugal Vilhena
1785 - 1796
Joaquín Alós y Brú
1796 - 1806
Lázaro de la Ribera y Espinoza de
los Monteros
1806 - 1807
Bernardo de Velazco y Huidobro (d. 1811)
(1st time)
1807 - 1809
Manuel Gutiérrez
1809
Eustaquio Giannini
1809 - 14 May 1811
Bernardo de Velazco y Huidobro (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Presidents of the Superior Governing Junta
14 May 1811 - 17 Jun 1811 Junta
- Vicente Ignacio Iturbe
- Juan Valeriano de Zevallos
- Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de (b. 1780 - d.
1821)
Torres
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (b. 1766 - d. 1840)
y Velasco
19 Jun 1811 - 12 Oct 1813 Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de
(s.a.)
Torres
Consuls of the Republic in power (2 consuls alternating
in power every 4 months)
12 Oct 1813 - 12 Feb 1814 José Gaspar Rodríguez
de Francia (s.a.)
y Velasco (1st time)
12 Feb 1814 - 12 Jun 1814 Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de
(s.a.)
Torres
12 Jun 1814 - 3 Oct 1814 José Gaspar Rodríguez
de Francia (s.a.)
y Velasco (2nd time)
Supreme Dictator
3 Oct 1814 - 20 Sep 1840 José Gaspar Rodríguez
de Francia (s.a.)
y Velasco
(from 6 Jun 1816, styled Perpetual Supreme Dictator)
Presidents of the Provisional Junta
20 Sep 1840 - 22 Jan 1841 Manuel Antonio Ortiz
(sworn in 25 Sep 1840)
22 Jan 1841 - 9 Feb 1841 Juan José Medina
9 Feb 1841 - 14 Mar 1841 Mariano Roque Alonzo Romero
(d. 1853)
(Commandant-General of the Army)
Consuls of the Republic
14 Mar 1841 - 13 Mar 1844 Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán
(b. 1792 - d. 1862)
+ Mariano Roque Alonzo Romero (s.a.)
(ruling jointly, but occasionally styled
First Consul, Second Consul)
Presidents
14 Mar 1844 - 10 Sep 1862 Carlos Antonio López
(s.a.)
10 Sep 1862 - 15 Aug 1869 Francisco Solano López Carrillo
(b. 1827 - d. 1870)
(acting to 16 Oct 1862; continues
after deposition to 1 Mar 1870)
15 Aug 1869 - 31 Aug 1870 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola Acosta
(b. 1836 - d. 1879)
(1st time)(President of Provisional National Government)
31 Aug 1870 - 1 Sep 1870 Facundo Machaín Recalde
(b. 1847 - d. 1877)
(provisional)
1 Sep 1870 - 18 Dec 1871 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola Acosta
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(provisional to 25 Nov 1870)
18 Dec 1871 - 25 Nov 1874 Salvador Silvestre del Rosario
(b. 1833 - d. 1874)
Jovellanos Guanes (acting)
25 Nov 1874 - 12 Apr 1877 Juan Bautista Gill García
del (b. 1840 - d. 1877)
Barrio
12 Apr 1877 - 25 Nov 1878 Higinio Uriarte y García
del (b. 1843 - d. 1909)
Barrio (acting)
25 Nov 1878 - 4 Sep 1880 Cándido Pastor Bareiro
Caballero (b. 1833 - d. 1880)
4 Sep 1880 - 25 Nov 1886 Bernardino Caballero de Añasco
y (b. 1839 - d. 1912) PC
Melgarejo (provisional to 25 Nov 1882)
25 Nov 1886 - 25 Nov 1890 Patricio Escobar Cáceres
(b. 1843 - d. 1912) PC
25 Nov 1890 - 9 Jun 1894 Juan Gualberto González
(b. 1851 - d. 1912) PC
9 Jun 1894 - 25 Nov 1894 Marcos Antonio Morínigo
Fleytas (b. 1848 - d. 1901) PC
(acting)
25 Nov 1894 - 25 Nov 1898 Juan Bautista Luis Egusquiza Isasi
(b. 1845 - d. 1902) PC
25 Nov 1898 - 9 Jan 1902 Emilio Aceval Marín
(b. 1853 - d. 1931) PC
9 Jan 1902 - 25 Nov 1902 Andrés Héctor
Carvallo Acosta (b. 1848 - d. 1901)
PC
(acting)
25 Nov 1902 - 19 Dec 1904 Juan Antonio Escurra
(b. 1859 - d. 1929) PC
19 Dec 1904 - 9 Dec 1905 Juan Bautista Gaona Figueredo
(b. 1845 - d. 1932) PL
(provisional)
9 Dec 1905 - 25 Nov 1906 Cecilio Báez González
(provisional)(b. 1862 - d. 1941) PL
25 Nov 1906 - 4 Jul 1908 Benigno Asunción Ferreira
(b. 1846 - d. 1920) PL
4 Jul 1908 - 25 Nov 1910 Emiliano González Navero
(1st time)(b. 1861 - d. 1934) PL
(acting)
25 Nov 1910 - 17 Jan 1911 Manuel Gondra Pereira (1st time)
(b. 1871 - d. 1927) PL
17 Jan 1911 - 5 Jul 1911 Albino Jara Benegas (provisional)
(b. 1877 - d. 1912) PL
5 Jul 1911 - 28 Feb 1912 Liberato Marcial Rojas Cabral
(b. 1870 - d. 1922) PL
(provisional)
28 Feb 1912 - 22 Mar 1912 Pedro Pablo Peña Cañete
(b. 1864 - d. 1943) PL
(provisional)
22 Mar 1912 - 15 Aug 1912 Emiliano González Navero
(2nd time)(s.a.)
PL
(provisional)
15 Aug 1912 - 15 Aug 1916 Eduardo Schaerer Vera y Aragón
(b. 1873 - d. 1941) PL
15 Aug 1916 - 5 Jun 1919 Manuel Franco
(b. 1871 - d. 1919) PL
5 Jun 1919 - 15 Aug 1920 José Pedro Montero
Candia (b. 1878 -
d. 1927) PL
(acting)
15 Aug 1920 - 7 Nov 1921 Manuel Gondra Pereira (2nd
time) (s.a.)
PL
7 Nov 1921 - 12 Apr 1923 Eusebio Ayala (1st time)
(b. 1875 - d. 1942) PL
(provisional)
12 Apr 1923 - 17 Mar 1924 José Eligio Ayala (1st time)
(b. 1879 - d. 1930) PL
(provisional)
17 Mar 1924 - 15 Aug 1924 Luis Alberto Riart Vera y Aragón
(b. 1880 - d. 1953) PL
(provisional)
15 Aug 1924 - 15 Aug 1928 José Eligio Ayala (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL
15 Aug 1928 - 15 Aug 1932 José Patricio Guggiari Corniglione
(b. 1884 - d. 1957) PL
15 Aug 1932 - 17 Feb 1936 Eusebio Ayala (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL
17 Feb 1936 - 20 Feb 1936 Federico Wenman Smith
Mil
(Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces)
20 Feb 1936 - 15 Aug 1937 Rafael de la Cruz Franco Ojeda
(b. 1896 - d. 1973) PRF
(provisional)
16 Aug 1937 - 15 Aug 1939 Félix Paiva
(b. 1877 - d. 1965) PL
(provisional to 12 Oct 1938)
15 Aug 1939 - 7 Sep 1940 José Félix Estigarribia
Insaurralde(b. 1888 - d. 1940) PL
7 Sep 1940 - 8 Sep 1940 Alejandro Marín
Iglesias (d.
1988)
(President of the Council of Ministers)
8 Sep 1940 - 3 Jun 1948 Higinio Morínigo
Martínez (b.
1897 - d. 1983) Mil
(provisional to 15 Aug 1943)
3 Jun 1948 - 15 Aug 1948 Juan Manuel Frutos Escurra
(b. 1879 - d. 1960) Non-party
(provisional)
15 Aug 1948 - 30 Jan 1949 Juan Natalicio González
Paredes (b. 1897 - d. 1966) ANR-PC
30 Jan 1949 - 26 Feb 1949 Raimundo Rolón Villasanti
(b. 1903 - d. 1981) Mil/ANR-PC
(provisional)
27 Feb 1949 - 11 Sep 1949 Felipe Benigno Molas López
(b. 1901 - d. 1954) ANR-PC
(provisional to 14 May 1949)
11 Sep 1949 - 8 May 1954 Federico Chaves Careaga
(b. 1882 - d. 1978) ANR-PC
(provisional to 15 Aug 1953)
6 May 1954 - 15 Aug 1954 Tomás Romero Pereira
(b. 1886 - d. 1982) ANR-PC
(President of the Government Junta in
rebellion to 8 May 1954; then provisional)
15 Aug 1954 - 3 Feb 1989 Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda
(b. 1912 - d. 2006) Mil/ANR-PC
3 Feb 1989 - 15 Aug 1993 Andrés Rodríguez
Pedotti (b.
1923 - d. 1997) Mil/ANR-PC
(provisional to 15 May 1989)
15 Aug 1993 - 15 Aug 1998 Juan Carlos María Wasmosy
Monti (b. 1938)
ANR-PC
15 Aug 1998 - 28 Mar 1999 Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau
(b. 1943)
ANR-PC
28 Mar 1999 - 15 Aug 2003 Luis Ángel González
Macchi (b. 1947)
ANR-PC
15 Aug 2003 -
Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos
(b. 1956)
ANR-PC
Brazilian Commanders
19 Jan 1869 - 15 Apr 1869 Guillermo Xavier de Sousa
16 Apr 1869 - Apr 1870 Luís Felipe
Maria Fernando Gastão (b. 1842 - d. 1922)
de Orleans, Conde d'Eu
May 1870 - May 1875 José
Auto Guimarães,
barão de Jagurão
10 May 1875 - 22 Jun 1876 Federico Augusto de Mesquita
Territorial Disputes: Unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay
borders is
locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics
trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations.
Party abbreviations: ANR-PC = Asociación Nacional
Republicana-Partido Colorado (Republican National Alliance/Coloured Party,
authoritarian);
PLRA = Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico
(Authentic Radical Liberal Party, liberal); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: PC = Partido Colorado (Colorado
Party, later ARN-PC); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party); PRF
= Partido Republicano Febrerista (February Republican Party)
Jesuit Province of Paraguay
1607
Loyola's Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
granted
territorial privileges for the religious
colonization of eastern Paraguay, known
as the Jesuit Province of Paraguay or Misiones.
1756 - 1757
Guarani Indian rebellion.
17 Mar 1767
Jesuits expelled, former province divided by Spain
and Portugal (effected Jul 1767).
Provincials of Paraguay
(subordinated to the Spanish Governors of Paraguay)
1607 - 1615
Diego de Torres
1615 - 1624
Pedro de Oñate
1624 - 1628
Nicolas Duran Mastrilli
1628 - 1634
Francisco Vasquez Trujillo
1634 - 1641
Diego de Boroa
1641 - 1646
Francisco Lupercio de Zurbano
1646 - 1651
Juan Bautista Ferrufino
1651 - 1655
Juan Pastor
1655 - 1658
Francisco Vasquez de la Mota
1658 - 1664
Simon de Ojeda
1664 - 1666
Francisco Jimenez
1666 - 1669
Andres de Rada
1669 - 1672
Agustin de Aragon
1672 - 1677
Cristobal de Gomez
1677 - 1681
Diego de Altamirano
1681 - 1684
Tomas de Baeza
1684 - 1689
Tomas Dombidas
1689 - 1692
Gregorio Orozco
1692 - 1695
Lauro Nuñez (1st time)
1695 - 1698
Simon de Léon
1698 - 1702
Ignacio Frias
1702 - 1706
Lauro Nuñez (2nd time)
1706 - 1709
Blas de Silva
1709 - 1713
Antonio Garriga
1713 - 1717
Luis de la Roca (1st time)
1717 - 1719
Juan Bautista de Zea
1719 - 1722
José Aguirre
1722 - 1726
Luis de la Roca (2nd time)
1726 - 1729
Ignacio de Arteaga
1729 - 1733
Jeronimo Herran
1733 - 1739
Diego de Aguilar
1739 - 1743
Antonio Machoni
1743 - 1747
Bernardo Nusdorfer
1747 - 1751
Manuel Querini
1751 - 1757
José Barreda
1751 - 1761
Alonso Fernandez
1761 - 1766
Pedro Juan Andreu
1766 - 1768
Manuel Vergara
©2000 Ben Cahoon