Singapore
 

6 Feb 1819 - c.1867                          c.1867 - 15 Feb 1942                15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945                       1 Apr 1946 - 3 Dec 1959                    Adopted 3 Dec 1959   Map of Singapore Hear National Anthem "Majulah Singapura" (Onward Singapore) Text of National Anthem Adopted 3 Dec 1959 Constitution (3 Jun 1959) Capital: Singapore (Straits Settlements- Penang 1826-1837; Singapore 1837-1946) Currency: Singapore Dollar (SGD); Straits Settlements  Dollar (STSD) 1858-1946 National Holiday:  9 Aug (1965) Independence Day Population: 4,608,167 (2008) GDP: $240 billion (2008) Exports: $235 billion (2008) Imports: $219 billion (2008) Ethnic groups: Chinese 74.8%, Malay 13.5%, Indian 9%, other 2.7% (2007) Total Armed Forces: 72,500 (2006) Merchant marine: 1,292 ships (2008) Religions: Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Roman Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000)  International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, BTWC, C, CP, CTBT, EAS, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Singapore Index Chronology  6 Feb 1819                British (East India Company) protectorate.  3 Aug 1824                Ceded to Britain by Sultan of Johore;                              under British East India Company rule. 14 Aug 1826                Part of the Straits Settlements (Malacca, Penang,                              Singapore; under British East India Company                               1826-1858 rule). 1858 -  1 Apr 1867         Subordinated to British India.   1 Apr 1867                Straits Settlements a separate crown colony. 15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation of Singapore                             (renamed Syonan ["Light of the South"] on                              17 Feb 1942). 12 Sep 1945 -  1 Apr 1946  British military administration.  1 Apr 1946                Singapore a separate crown colony.  3 Jun 1959                Self-rule (State of Singapore). 31 Aug 1963                Independence. 18 Sep 1963 -  9 Aug 1965  Part of Malaysia. 22 Dec 1965                Republic of Singapore Singapore Straits Settlements (1826-1946)

Straits Settlements

                    1874 - 15 Feb 1942
 

Map of the Straits Settlements

Capital: Singapore (George Town [Penang] 1826-1829, 1830-1836)

Population: 572,249 (1901)

14 Aug 1826                Straits Settlements (Malacca, Penang, Singapore) 
                             (British East India Company rule to 1858, then subordinated
                             to British India to 1867).
 1 Apr 1867                Straits Settlements a separate crown colony.
15 Feb 1942 -  5 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation.

Governors
27 Nov 1826 - 12 Nov 1830  Robert Fullerton                   (b. 1773 - d. 1831)
12 Nov 1830 -  6 Dec 1833  Robert Ibbetson                    (b. 1789 - d. 1860)
 7 Dec 1833 - 17 Nov 1836  Kenneth Murchison                  (b. 1794 - d. 1854)
18 Nov 1836 - Jan 1843     Samuel George Bonham               (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
Aug 1843 - 21 Mar 1855     William John Butterworth           (b. 1801 - d. 1856)
21 Mar 1855 -  6 Aug 1859  Edmund Augustus Blundell           (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
 6 Aug 1859 - 16 Mar 1867  Orfeur Cavenagh                    (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
17 Mar 1867 -  3 Nov 1873  Harry St. George Ord               (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
 4 Nov 1873 -  7 May 1875  Andrew Clarke                      (b. 1825 - d. 1902)
 8 May 1875 -  3 Apr 1877  Sir William Francis Jervois        (b. 1821 - d. 1897)
 3 Apr 1877 - 29 Oct 1877  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (b. 1826 - d. 1925)
                             (1st time) (acting) 
29 Oct 1877 - 10 Feb 1879  William Cleaver Francis Robinson   (b. 1834 - d. 1897)
10 Feb 1879 -  6 May 1880  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 6 May 1880 - 17 Oct 1887  Sir Frederic Aloysius Weld         (b. 1823 - d. 1891)
17 Oct 1887 - 30 Aug 1893  Cecil Clementi Smith               (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
30 Aug 1893 -  1 Feb 1894  William Edward Maxwell (acting)    (b. 1846 - d. 1897)
 1 Feb 1894 -  7 Dec 1899  Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell   (b. 1836 - d. 1899)
 7 Dec 1899 -  5 Nov 1901  James Alexander Swettenham         (b. 1846 - d. 1933)
                             (acting)
 5 Nov 1901 - 12 Oct 1903  Sir Frank Athelstone Swettenham    (b. 1850 - d. 1946)
15 Apr 1904 -  9 Apr 1911  Sir John Anderson                  (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
 9 Sep 1911 - 24 Aug 1919  Sir Arthur Henderson Young         (b. 1854 - d. 1938)
 3 Feb 1920 -  5 May 1927  Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard      (b. 1862 - d. 1951)
 3 Jun 1927 - 20 Oct 1929  Sir Hugh Charles Clifford          (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
 5 Feb 1930 - 16 Feb 1934  Sir Cecil Clementi                 (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
 9 Nov 1934 - 15 Feb 1942  Sir Shenton Whitelegge Thomas      (b. 1879 - d. 1962)
                             (1st time) 
                             (Japanese prisoner 15 Feb 1942 - 15 Aug 1945)
15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation
12 Sep 1945 -  1 Apr 1946  Sir Shenton Whitelegge Thomas      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

Residents and Commandants
 6 Feb 1819 - 26 Apr 1823  William Farquhar                   (b. 1770 - d. 1839)
27 May 1823 - 15 Aug 1826  John Crawfurd                      (b. 1783 - d. 1868)
Resident Councillors
15 Aug 1826 - 18 Nov 1827  John Prince
29 Nov 1827 - Dec 1833     Kenneth Murchison                  (b. 1794 - d. 1854)
Dec 1833 - 18 Nov 1836     Samuel George Bonham               (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
 4 Mar 1837 - 1856         Thomas Church                      (b. c.1789 - d. 1860)
22 Sep 1856 - 1859         Henry Somerset MacKenzie           (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
1860 - 1867                Ronald Macpherson                  (b. 1817 - d. 1869)
Governors
14 Aug 1826 - 15 Feb 1942  the Governors of the Straits 
                           Settlements 
Military Administrators
15 Feb 1942 - 1943         Tomoyuki Yamashita                 (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
1943 - 1944                Hisaichi Terauchi                  (b. 1879 - d. 1946)
1944 - 1945                Doihara Kenji                      (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
1945 - 12 Sep 1945         Seishiro Itagaki                   (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Japanese Mayors of Syonan (presidents of the special municipality)
Mar 1942 - Jun 1943        Shigeo Odate
19 Jul 1943 - 12 Sep 1945  Kanichi Naito
Military Administrator
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946  Louis Francis Mountbatten,         (b. 1900 - d. 1979)
                             Duke of Mountbatten 
Governors
 1 Apr 1946 - 15 Nov 1952  Sir Franklin Charles Gimson        (b. 1890 - d. 1975)
15 Nov 1952 - 22 Dec 1954  John Fearns Nicoll                 (b. 1899 - d. 1981)
                             (from 24 Jun 1952, Sir John Fearns Nicoll) 
22 Dec 1954 -  9 Dec 1957  Robert Brown Black                 (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
                             (from 1955, Sir Robert Brown Black) 
 9 Dec 1957 -  2 Jun 1959  Sir William Allmond Codrington     (b. 1907 - d. 1986)
                             Goode 
Heads of state (title yang di-pertuan negara)
 3 Jun 1959 -  1 Dec 1959  Sir William Allmond Codrington     (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Goode 
 1 Dec 1959 - 22 Dec 1965  Yusuf bin Ishak                    (b. 1910 - d. 1970)  PAP
Presidents
22 Dec 1965 - 23 Nov 1970  Yusuf bin Ishak                    (s.a.)               PAP
23 Nov 1970 -  2 Jan 1971  Yeoh Ghim Seng (1st time) (acting) (b. 1918 - d. 1993)  PAP
 2 Jan 1971 - 12 May 1981  Benjamin Henry Sheares             (b. 1907 - d. 1981)  PAP
12 May 1981 - 24 Oct 1981  Yeoh Ghim Seng (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)               PAP
24 Oct 1981 - 27 Mar 1985  Chengara Veetil Devan Nair         (b. 1923 - d. 2005)  PAP
27 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985  Wee Chong Jin (acting)             (b. 1917 - d. 2005)  PAP
29 Mar 1985 -  3 Sep 1985  Yeoh Ghim Seng (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)               PAP
 3 Sep 1985 -  1 Sep 1993  Wee Kim Wee                        (b. 1915 - d. 2005)  PAP
 1 Sep 1993 -  1 Sep 1999  Ong Teng Cheong                    (b. 1936 - d. 2002)  PAP
 1 Sep 1999 -              Sellapan Ramanathan (S.R.) Nathan  (b. 1924)            PAP

Chief ministers
 6 Apr 1955 -  8 Jun 1956  David Saul Marshall                (b. 1908 - d. 1995)  LF
 8 Jun 1956 -  5 Jun 1959  Tun Lim Yew Hock                   (b. 1914 - d. 1984)  LF
Prime ministers
 5 Jun 1959 - 28 Nov 1990  Lee Kuan Yew                       (b. 1923)            PAP
28 Nov 1990 - 12 Aug 2004  Goh Chok Tong                      (b. 1941)            PAP
12 Aug 2004 -              Lee Hsien Loong                    (b. 1952)            PAP

Territorial Disputes: Disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in Nov 2007, the ICJ will hold public hearings as a consequence of the Memorials and Countermemorials filed by the parties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait. 

Party abbreviations: PAP = People's Action Party/Partai Tindakan Rakyat (authoritarian);
SDP = Singapore Democratic Party (liberal);
- Former parties: LF = Labour Front