Spain
 

1230 - 1506               Castille and León                1506 - 1701  (Jack to 1785)     (Carlist flag 1833 - 1860; 1872 - 1876)                      1701 - 1746                        1746 - 1748                  1748 - 25 May 1785             25 May 1785 - 11 Feb 1873,            29 Dec 1874 - 27 Apr 1931              11 Feb 1873 - 29 Dec 1874        27 Apr 1931 - 1 Apr 1939 (Republic)       29 Apr 1936 - 2 Feb 1938 (Nationalist)      2 Feb 1938 - 11 Oct 1945 (Nationalist)              11 Oct 1945 - 21 Jan 1977              21 Jan 1977 - 19 Dec 1981                   Adopted 19 Dec 1981   Map of Spain Hear National Anthem "Marcha Real" (Royal March) Text of National Anthem 3 Sep 1770-1822, 1823-1931, Re-adopted 1939/Jul 1942 (No Lyrics) Constitution  (29 Dec 1978) Spanish Civil War Map Former National Anthem "Himno de Riego" (Riego's Anthem) (1822-23, 1931-1939) Republic Constitution (1931-1939) Former Constitutions (1808, 1812, 1837, 1845, 1869, 1876) Capital: Madrid (Toledo 1479-May 1561; Madrid 1561 - 1600; Valladolid 1600-1604; Republic: Valencia Nov 1936-Oct 1937; Barcelona Oct 1937-1939; Nationalist: Burgos Jul 1936- Oct 1939) Currency: Euro (EUR); to 1 Jan 2002: Spanish Peseta (ESP) National Holiday: 12 Oct (1492) National Day (Día de la Hispanidad) Population: 40,448,191 (2007) GDP: $1.10 trillion (2006) Exports: $222 billion (2006) Imports: $324 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Spaniard 44.9%, Catalonian 28%, Galician 8.2%, Basque 5.5%, Aragonese 5%, Extremaduran 2.8%, Roma (Gitanos/Gypsy) 2%, other 3.6% (2000) Total Armed Forces: 150,700 (2003) Merchant marine: 169 ships (2009) Religions: Roman Catholic 92%, Muslim 0.5%,  Protestant 0.3%, Jewish, Mormon and others 7.2% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, AfDB, AG, ANT, APM, BCIE (nonregional), BIS, BTWC, CE, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ENMOD, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LAIA (observer), LU, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI (observer), SEGIB, SICA (observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Spain Index Chronology   19 Jul 711                 Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula begins. 718                        Kingdom of Asturias founded. c.824                      Kingdom of Navarre founded.  910                        Asturias split into three kingdoms: Asturias                              (extinct 925), Galicia (1157), and León (1230). 18 Oct 1035                Upon dynastic split the county of Aragón becomes                              an independent kingdom (from 1137 united with                              county of Barcelona). 22 Jun 1038                County of Castilla (Castille) becomes a Kingdom. 24 Sep 1230                Castille and León united. 19 Jan 1479                Accession of Fernando II of Aragón, who was                               married to Isabel I, Queen of Castille.  2 Jan 1492                Annexation of Granada the last Muslim state. 25 Jul 1512                Lower Navarre annexed. 23 Jan 1516                Under the Habsburg dynasty. 16 Jan 1556                Spanish Monarchy¹ (dated conventionally to the                               accession of Felipe II; the term España acquires                              Constitutional status only 1808). 17 Jul 1580 -  1 Dec 1640  Portugal in personal union with the Spanish                               monarchy. 16 Nov 1700                Under the Borbón dynasty. 24 Mar 1808 - 11 Dec 1813  French occupation.  6 May 1808                The kings of the Borbón dynasty abdicate in favor                              of Napoléon I, emperor of the French and king                               of Italy.  6 Jun 1808                Napoléon I proclaims his brother Joseph Napoléon,                              king of the Two Sicilies, as king of Spain.  8 Feb 1810 -  1 Dec 1813  Catalonia annexed to France. 11 Dec 1813                Borbón dynasty restored.  7 Apr 1823 -  1 Oct 1823  French intervention against the Constitutionalists                              on behalf of Fernando VII. 11 Feb 1873                ("First") Spanish Republic. 29 Dec 1874                Spanish Monarchy (restored). 14 Apr 1931 -  1 Apr 1939  ("Second") Spanish Republic. 17 Jul 1936 -  1 Apr 1939  Civil war (Burgos falls to Nationalists Jul 1936,                              Bilbao on Oct 1937, Barcelona on 26 Jan 1939,                              and Madrid on 28 Mar 1939). 23 Jul 1936                Spanish State (to 1 Apr 1939, in opposition). 28 Jul 1947                Spain declared to be a kingdom. 29 Dec 1978                Spain (usually referred to as Kingdom of Spain). Autonomous Communities (from 1978) Canary Islands The "Resistance" (1808-1813) Republic in Exile (1939-1977) Navarra (1556-1841)  Minorca (1708-1802) Historical Maps of Spain

Note: The dates of the rulers of the intermittent Carlist insurrections correspond to the
actual presence of the rulers or their forces in the territory of the Spanish Monarchy.

 

Kings (17 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec 1640 also Kings of Portugal)

- of Castilla -
12 Dec 1474 - 26 Nov 1504  Isabel I "la Católica" -Queen      (b. 1451 - d. 1504)
12 Dec 1474 - 1479         Juana la Beltraneja,               (b. 1462 - d. 1532)
                             princessa de Asturias (pretender)
27 Nov 1504 - 12 Apr 1555  Juana "la Loca" -Queen             (b. 1479 - d. 1555)
                             (from 1506, incapacitated)
27 Nov 1504 - 25 Sep 1506  Felipe I "el Hermoso"              (b. 1478 - d. 1506)
25 Sep 1506 - 1507         Francisco Jiménez de               (b. 1436 - d. 1517)
                             Cisneros -Regent
                           - jointly with following -
- of Aragón -
19 Jan 1479 - 23 Jan 1516  Fernando II "el Católico"          (b. 1452 - d. 1516)
                             (from 1507 regent for Juana [s.a.])
- of Aragón and Castilla -
23 Jan 1516 - 16 Jan 1556  Carlos I "el Emperador"            (b. 1500 - d. 1558)

                             (Holy Roman Emperor Karl V)

Governors/Regents
23 Jan 1516 -  8 Nov 1517  Francisco Jimínez de Cisneros,     (b. 1436 - d. 1517)
                             arzobispo de Toledo 
17 Mar 1520 -  9 Jan 1522  Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens,        (b. 1459 - d. 1523)
                             bishop of Tortosa
                            (from 9 Jan 1522, Pope Hadrian VI)
1529 - 1533                Isabel de Portugal (f)(1st time)   (b. 1503 - d. 1539) 
1535 - 1536                Isabel de Portugal (f)(2nd time)   (s.a.)
1538 -  1 May 1539         Isabel de Portugal (f)(3rd time)   (s.a.) 
1539 - 1541                Felipe (Felipe II) (1st time)      (b. 1527 - d. 1598)
                           + Juan Pardo de Tavera,            (b. 1472 - d. 1545)
                             arzobispo de Toledo (acting)
1543 - 1548                Felipe (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
1548 - 1551                Maria (f)                          (b. 1505 - d. 1558)
1551 - 25 Jul 1554         Felipe (3rd time)                  (s.a.)

25 Jul 1554 - 1556         Juana (f)                          (b. 1537 - d. 1573)

Kings²

- of Spanish monarchy -

16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep 1598  Felipe II                          (s.a.)

13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621  Felipe III                         (b. 1578 - d. 1621)

31 Mar 1621 - 17 Sep 1665  Felipe IV                          (b. 1605 - d. 1665)

17 Sep 1665 -  1 Nov 1700  Carlos II "el Hechizado"           (b. 1661 - d. 1700)

17 Sep 1665 - 1675         Maria Anna de Austria (f) -Regent  (b. 1635 - d. 1696)

 1 Nov 1700 - 16 Nov 1700  Governing Board³

16 Nov 1700 - 15 Jan 1724  Felipe V (1st time)                (b. 1683 - d. 1746)

27 Sep 1711 - Mar 1713     Regency
                           - Elisabeth Christine von          (b. 1691 - d. 1750)
                               Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (f)

                           - Guido, Graf von Starhemberg      (b. 1657 - d. 1737)

12 Sep 1703 -  7 Sep 1714  Carlos (III) (in rebellion)        (b. 1685 - d. 1740)

                            (recognized in Aragón, Catalonia and Valencia)

15 Jan 1724 - 31 Aug 1724  Luis I                             (b. 1707 - d. 1724)

31 Aug 1724 -  6 Sep 1724  Vacant

 6 Sep 1724 -  9 Jul 1746  Felipe V (2nd time)                (s.a.)

 9 Jul 1746 - 10 Aug 1759  Fernando VI                        (b. 1713 - d. 1759)

10 Aug 1759 - 14 Dec 1788  Carlos III                         (b. 1716 - d. 1788) 

14 Dec 1788 - 19 Mar 1808  Carlos IV                          (b. 1748 - d. 1819)

                             (abdication retracted 21 Mar 1808,

                             final abdication 5 May 1808)

19 Mar 1808 -  6 May 1808  Fernando VII (1st time)            (b. 1784 - d. 1833)

Lieutenant-general and Governor of the Realm

 4 May 1808 -  6 Jun 1808  Joaquín Murat, gran duque de Berg  (b. 1767 - d. 1815)

                             y de Cleves 

Kings²

 6 Jun 1808 - 11 Dec 1813  José I Napoleón                    (b. 1768 - d. 1844)

                            (on flight in Spain 1 Aug 1808 - 22 Dec 1808

                             and 16 Aug 1812 - 2 Nov 1812; left Spain 27 Jun 1813)

25 Sep 1808 - 22 Mar 1814  the Supreme Governing Junta

                            (in opposition to José I Napoleón)

11 Dec 1813 - 29 Sep 1833  Fernando VII (2nd time)            (s.a.) 

                            (prisoner in Valençay, France 

                             18 May 1808 - 11 Dec 1813;

                             returned to Spain 22 Mar 1814)

                           Set up by the Cortes:

11 Jun 1823 - 15 Jun 1823  Provisional Regency

                           (for "morally incapacitated" Fernando VII)

                           - Cayetano Valdés y Flores Bazán   (b. 1767 - d. 1835)

                           - Gabriel de Císcar y Císcar       (b. 1760 - d. 1829)

                           - Gaspar de Vigodet

                           Set up by the invading Powers:

 9 Apr 1823 - 25 May 1823  Francisco Ramón de Eguía Letona    (b. 1750 - d. 1827)

                            (President of the Provisional Government Junta)

25 May 1823 -  1 Oct 1823  Pedro Alcántara de Toledo y        (b. 1768 - d. 1841)

                             Salm-Salm, duque del Infantado

                            (President of the Regency)

Queen² 

29 Sep 1833 - 30 Sep 1868  Isabel II                          (b. 1830 - d. 1904)

29 Sep 1833 - 12 Oct 1840  Queen María Cristina -Regent       (b. 1806 - d. 1878)

 1 Oct 1833 - 31 Aug 1839  Carlos V -King                     (b. 1788 - d. 1855)

                            (Carlist insurrection)

12 Oct 1840 - 23 Jul 1843  Joaquín Baldomero Fernández        (b. 1792 - d. 1879)  Mil

                             Espartero, conde de Luchana

                             (president of the Provisional Regency to 10 May 1841;

                             from 10 May 1841, regent)

                             (continuing in dissidence to 30 Jul 1843)

30 Jul 1843 - 10 Nov 1843  Joaquín María de la Asuncion López (b. 1798 - d. 1855)  PM

                             y López -Regent

                            (president of the [Provisional] Government acting as regent)

1860                       Carlos VI -King                    (b. 1818 - d. 1861)

                            (Carlist insurrection)

Presidents of the Interim Revolutionary Junta

30 Sep 1868 -  3 Oct 1868  Pascual Madoz Ibáñez               (b. 1806 - d. 1870)

 3 Oct 1868 -  8 Oct 1868  Joaquín Aguirre de la Peña         (b. 1807 - d. 1869)

                            (from 5 Oct 1868, President of the Revolutionary Superior Junta)

President of the Provisional Government

 8 Oct 1868 - 18 Jun 1869  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (b. 1810 - d. 1885)  PL 

                             duque de la Torre, 

                             conde de San Antonio 

                            (from 25 Feb 1869, President of the Executive Power)

Kings²

18 Jun 1869 -  4 Dec 1870  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               PL

                             duque de la Torre,

                             conde de San Antonio -Regent 

 4 Dec 1870 - 11 Feb 1873  Amadeo I                           (b. 1845 - d. 1890)

1872 - 28 Feb 1876         Carlos VII                         (b. 1848 - d. 1909) 

                            (Carlist insurrection)

Presidents of the Executive Power

11 Feb 1873 - 12 Feb 1873  Blas Nicolás María Rivero          (b. 1813/14 - d. 1878)

                             (president of the National Assembly)

12 Feb 1873 - 24 Feb 1873  Estanislao Figueras y Moragas      (b. 1819 - d. 1882)  PD

                             (1st time) 

24 Feb 1873                Cristino Martos Balbi              (b. 1830 - d. 1893)

                             (president of the National Assembly)

24 Feb 1873 - 11 Jun 1873  Estanislao Figueras y Moragas      (s.a.)               PD
                             (2nd time) 

11 Jun 1873 - 18 Jul 1873  Francisco Pi y Margall             (b. 1824 - d. 1901)  PRF 

18 Jul 1873 -  7 Sep 1873  Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso          (b. 1838 - d. 1908)  PRF

 7 Sep 1873 -  3 Jan 1874  Emilio Manuel Castelar Ripoll      (b. 1832 - d. 1899)  PR

 3 Jan 1874 - 30 Dec 1874  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               PL

                             duque de la Torre, 

                             conde de San Antonio 

Kings²

30 Dec 1874 - 25 Nov 1885  Alfonso XII "el Pacificador"       (b. 1857 - d. 1885)

                             (in exile to 8 Jan 1875)

25 Nov 1885 - 17 May 1886  Queen María Cristina -Regent       (b. 1858 - d. 1929)

17 May 1886 - 14 Apr 1931  Alfonso XIII                       (b. 1886 - d. 1941)

17 May 1886 - 17 May 1902  Queen María Cristina -Regent       (s.a.)

Presidents of the (until 31 Jul 1931, Provisional) Government of the Republic

14 Apr 1931 - 14 Oct 1931  Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres      (b. 1877 - d. 1949)  PRC

14 Oct 1931 - 11 Dec 1931  Manuel Azaña Díaz                  (b. 1880 - d. 1940)  AR

Presidents (from 23 Jul 1936, in Republican Zone only)

11 Dec 1931 -  7 Apr 1936  Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres      (s.a.)               PRC

 7 Apr 1936 - 11 May 1936  Diego Martinez Barrio (interim)    (b. 1883 - d. 1962)  UR

                             (interim)

11 May 1936 -  3 Mar 1939  Manuel Azaña Díaz                  (s.a.)               IR

                             (from 5 Feb 1939 in France)

President of the National Council of Defense (Republican Zone)

 5 Mar 1939 - 27 Mar 1939  José Miaja Menant                  (b. 1878 - d. 1958)  Mil

Chairman of the National Defense Council (Nationalist Zone)

23 Jul 1936 -  1 Oct 1936  Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer           (b. 1862 - d. 1938)  Mil

Head of state (to 31 Mar 1939 in Nationalist Zone only)

 1 Oct 1936 - 20 Nov 1975  Francisco Franco Bahamonde         (b. 1892 - d. 1975)  Mil/FET

                             (self-styled el Caudillo [Leader])

19 Jul 1974 -  2 Sep 1974  Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón       (b. 1938)            Non-party

                             (1st time) (acting for Franco)

30 Oct 1975 - 20 Nov 1975  Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón       (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (2nd time) (acting for Franco)

Chairman of the Regency Council

20 Nov 1975 - 22 Nov 1975  Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel   (b. 1917 - d. 1976)

                             y Nebreda 

King²

22 Nov 1975 -              Juan Carlos I                      (s.a.)

 

 

Grand Chancellors
17 Jan 1515 -  7 Jun 1518  Jean de Sauvage                    (d. 1518)
15 Oct 1518 -  5 Jun 1530  Mercurino Arborio de Gattinara     (b. 1465 - d. 1530)
 5 Jun 1530 - 1550         Nicolás Perrenot de Granvelle      (b. 1486 - d. 1550)
                            (Prime Consejero del reino)
Secretarios de Estado (Secretaries of State)
1524 - Dec 1528            Jean Lallemand, senor de Bouclans  (d. 1528)
24 Oct 1529 - 10 May 1547  Francisco de los Cobos y Molina    (b. c.1477 - d. 1547)
1547 - 1556                Juan Vázquez de Molina
 6 Feb 1556 - 1567         Gonzalo Pérez                      (b. c.1500 - d. 1567)
1566 - 28 Jul 1579         Antonio Pérez                      (b. c.1540 - d. 1611)
                             (acting to 17 Jul 1567) 
1579 - 1583                Antoine Cardenal Perrenot de       (b. 1517 - d. 1586)
                             Granvelle
31 Aug 1579 - 1586         Juan de Idiáquez y García de       (b. 1540 - d. 1614)
                             Olazabal
1580 - 1598                Cristóbal de Moura y Tavara,       (b. 1538 - d. 1613)
                             marqués de Castel Rodrigo
1582 - 17 Nov 1583         Juan de Zúñigay Avellaneda,        (b. 1535 - d. 1583)
                             principe de Pietraprecia
Sep 1598 -  4 Oct 1618     Francisco Gómez de Sándoval y      (b. 1553 - d. 1625)
                             Rojas, duque de Lerma
 4 Oct 1618 - 1621         Cristóbal Gómez de Sándoval y      (b. 1577 - d. 1624)
                             Rojas, duque de Uceda 
Mar 1621 - 1622            Baltasar de Zúñiga                 (d. 1622)
Oct 1622 - Dec 1625        Junta
                           - Agustín Messía                   (b. 1555 - d. 1629)
                           - Juan Manuel de Mendoza y Luna,   (b. 1571 - d. 1628) 
                               marqués de Montesclaros
                           - Hernando Girón de Salcedo,       (b. 1562 - d. 1630)
                               marqués de Montesclaros
Dec 1625 - Jan 1643        Gaspar de Guzmán, conde de         (b. 1587 - d. 1645)
                             Olivares, duque de San Lucar de
                             Barrameda 
Jan 1643 - Nov 1661        Luis Menéndez de Haro,             (b. 1598 - d. 1661)
                             marqués del Carpio 
Nov 1661 - Sep 1665        Prime councillors of the king
                           - Ramiro Núñez Felipez de Guzmán,  (d. 1668)
                               duque de Medina de las Torres,
                               marqués de Foral, marqués de Eliche
                           - Baltasar Cardenal Moscoso y      (b. 1589 - d. 1665)
                               Sandoval, arzobispo de Toledo 
                               (to 18 Sep 1665)
                           - García de Haro Sotomayor,        (b. 1588 - d. 1670) 
                               conde de Castrillo
                           - Gaspar de Teves de Guzmán,       (b. 1608 - d. 1678)
                               marqués de la Fuente
                           - Gaspar de Bracamonte y Pacheco,  (b. 1596 - d. 1676)
                               conde de Peñaranda
Junta para la Gobernación Universal de la Monarquia
(Junta for the Universal Government of the Monarchy)
Sep 1665 - 1665            Baltasar Cardenal Moscoso y        (s.a.)
                             Sandoval, arzobispo de Toledo 
1665 - 1668                García de Haro Sotomayor,          (s.a.)
                             conde de Castrillo
Jan 1666 - 1668            Johann Eberhard Cardenal Nithard   (b. 1607 - d. 1689)
1665 - 17 Mar 1670         Guillermo Ramón de Moncada,        (d. 1670)
                             marqués de Aytona
1665 - 22 Feb 1672         Cristóbal Crespí de Valldaura y    (b. 1599 - d. 1672)
                             Brizuela
1665 - 1676                Gaspar de Bracamonte y Guzmán,     (s.a.)
                             conde de Peñaranda
1665 - Dec 1676            Pascual Cardenal de Aragón de      (b. 1626 - d. 1677)
                             Cardona y Córdoba,
                             arzobispo de Toledo 
1666 - 16..                Blasco de Loyola
1668 - Dec 1676            Fernano de Valenzuela,             (b. 1636 - d. 1692)
                             marqués de Villasierra
Dec 1676 - Jan 1677        Junta 
                           - Pascual Cardenal de Aragón de    (s.a.)
                               Cardona y Córdoba,
                               arzobispo de Toledo 
                           - Iñígo Melchor Fernández de       (b. 1629 - d. 1696)
                               Velasco y Tovar
                           - Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera  (b. 1625 - d. 1691)
                               y Sandoval, duque de Medina de 
                               Rioseco, conde de Modico, Osona
                               y Melgar, vizconde de Cabrera y de Bas
                           - Juan Francisco Tomás de la Cerda (b. 1637 - d. 1691)
                               Enríquez Afán de Ribera y 
                               Portocarrero, duque de Medinaceli 
Presidentes del Consejo de Castilla (Presidents of the Council of Castile)
Jan 1677 - 17 Sep 1679     Juan José de Austria               (b. 1629 - d. 1679)
21 Feb 1680 - 1685         Juan Francisco Tomás de la Cerda   (s.a.)
                              Enríquez Afán de Ribera y 
                              Portocarrero, duque de Medinaceli 
 2 Jun 1685 - 24 Jun 1691  Manuel Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo y (d. 1708)
                             Portugal, conde de Oropesa, de 
                             Deleitosa y Alcaudete, marqués de 
                           Frechilla, de Jarandilla y del Villar
1691 - 1700                Juan Tomás Enriquez de Cabrera,    (b. 1646 - d. 1705)
                             conde de Melgar, duque de Medina
                             de Rioseco, alm. de Castilla 
1693 - 1699                Juan Domingo Méndez de Haro y      (b. 1640 - d. 1716)
                             Guzmán, conde de Monterrey, 
                             Fuentes y Ayuala, marqués de 
                             Tarazona 
Sep 1700 - 1700            Diego Felipe de Guzmán, marqués    (d. 1711)
                             de Leganés 
1700 - 11 Jul 1705         Luis Manuel Fernández Cardenal     (b. 1635 - d. 1709)
                             de Portocarrero, arzobispo de Toledo 

Secretarios del despacho universal (Secretaries of the Universal Office)

11 Jul 1705 - 15 Apr 1714  Pedro Fernández del Campo y        (b. 1656 - d. 1721)

                             Angulo, marqués de Mejorada 

15 Apr 1714 - 30 Nov 1714  Manuel de Vadillo y Velasco        (b. 1659 - d. 1729)

30 Nov 1714 - 14 Jan 1724  José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de    (b. 1664 - d. 1733)

                             Solórzano, marqués de Grimaldo

                             (1st time)

14 Jan 1724 -  4 Sep 1724  Juan Bautista Orendayn y

                             Azpilcueta (1st time)

 4 Sep 1724 - 12 Dec 1725  José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de    (s.a.)

                             Solórzano, marqués de Grimaldo

                             (2nd time)

12 Dec 1725 - 14 Apr 1726  Juan Guillermo Ripperdá,           (b. 1682 - d. 1737)

                             baron Ripperdá

14 Apr 1726 -  1 Oct 1726  José de Grimadlo y Gutiérez de     (s.a.)

                             Solórzano, marqués de Grimaldo 

                             (3rd time)

 1 Oct 1726 - 21 Nov 1734  Juan Bautista Orendayn y

                             Azpilcueta, marqués de la Paz 

                             (2nd time)

First Secretaries of State

21 Nov 1734 - 26 Nov 1736  José de Patiño y Rosales           (b. 1666 - d. 1736)

26 Nov 1736 -  4 Dec 1746  Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llerena,  (b. 1687 - d. 1766)

                             marqués de Villarías

 4 Dec 1746 -  9 Apr 1754  José de Carvajal y Lancáster       (b. 1698 - d. 1754)

 9 Apr 1754 - 15 May 1754  Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de

                             Toldeo, duque de Huéscar (acting)

15 May 1754 -  9 Oct 1763  Ricardo Wall y Devreux             (b. 1695 - d. 1778)

 9 Oct 1763 - 19 Feb 1777  Pablo-Jerónimo de Grimaldi y       (b. 1706 - d. 1789)

                             Pallavicini, marqués de Grimaldi

19 Feb 1777 - 28 Feb 1792  José Moñino y Redondo,             (b. 1728 - d. 1808)

                             conde de Floridablanca

28 Feb 1792 - 15 Nov 1792  Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y      (b. 1718 - d. 1798)

                             Ximenez de Urrea, conde de

                             Aranda (acting)

15 Nov 1792 - 30 Mar 1798  Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria,   (b. 1767 - d. 1851)

                             duque de Alcudia, (from 27 Sep 1795)

                             príncipe de la Paz

30 Mar 1798 - 21 Feb 1799  Francisco de Saavedra y            (b. 1746 - d. 1819)

                             Sangronis (1st time)

                             (acting to 6 Sep 1798)

21 Feb 1799 - 13 Dec 1800  Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga     (b. 1768 - d. 1817)

                             (acting) (1st time)

13 Dec 1800 -  3 Mar 1808  Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1st time)   (b. 1764 - d. 1840)

 3 Mar 1808 - 19 Mar 1808  Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera        (b. 1754 - d. 1831)

                             (acting)

19 Mar 1808 -  7 Jul 1808  Pedro Cevallos Guerra (2nd time)   (s.a.)

 7 Jul 1808 - 27 Jun 1813  Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga     (s.a.)

                             (2nd time)

10 Oct 1813 - 17 Oct 1813  Juan O'Donojú O'Ryan (acting)      (b. 1762 - d. 1821)

17 Oct 1813 -  3 Dec 1813  Fernando de Laserna (acting)
 3 Dec 1813 -  4 May 1814  José Luyando (1st time) (acting)   (b. 1773 - d. 1835)
 4 May 1814 - 15 Nov 1814  José Miguel de Carvajal Vargas y   (b. 1771 - d. 1828)  Abs
                             Manrique, duque de San Carlos 
15 Nov 1814 - 24 Jan 1816  Pedro Cevallos Guerra (3rd time)   (s.a.) 
24 Jan 1816 - 26 Jan 1816  Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres

26 Jan 1816 - 30 Oct 1816  Pedro Cevallos Guerra (4th time)   (s.a.)               Abs

30 Oct 1816 - 14 Sep 1818  José García de León y Pizarro      (b. 1770 - d. 1835)  Abs

14 Sep 1818 - 12 Jun 1819  Carlos Fernando Martínez de Irujo  (b. 1765 - d. 1824)  Abs

                             y Tacón, marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                             duque de Sotomayor

                             (1st time)(acting)

12 Jun 1819 - 12 Sep 1819  Manuel González Salmón y Gómez     (b. 1778 - d. 1832)  Abs

                             de Torres (1st time) (acting)

12 Sep 1819 - 18 Mar 1820  Joaquín José Melgarejo y Saurín,   (b. 1780 - d. 1835)  Abs

                             duque de San Fernandode Quiroga

18 Mar 1820                Juan Jabat Aztal (acting)

18 Mar 1820 -  2 Mar 1821  Evaristo Pérez de Castro Brito     (b. 1778 - d. 1848)  Lib

 2 Mar 1821 - 23 Apr 1821  Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca (acting)

23 Apr 1821                Francisco de Paula Escudero        (b. 1764 - d. 1831)

                             (acting)

23 Apr 1821 -  8 Jan 1822  Eusebio Bardají y Azara (2nd time) (s.a.)               Lib

 8 Jan 1822 - 24 Jan 1822  Ramón López Pelegrín (1st time)

                             (acting)
24 Jan 1822 - 30 Jan 1822  José Gabriel de Silva y Bazán,     (b. 1782 - d. 1839)  Mod
                             marqués de Santa Cruz 
30 Jan 1822 - 28 Feb 1822  Ramón López Pelegrín (2nd time)
                             (acting)

28 Feb 1822 -  5 Aug 1822  Francisco Martínez de la Rosa      (b. 1787 - d. 1862)  Mod

 5 Aug 1822 - 25 Apr 1823  Evaristo Fernández San Miguel y    (b. 1785 - d. 1862)  Lib

                             Valledor (acting from 28 Feb 1823)

25 Apr 1823 -  7 May 1823  José Manuel Vadillo (acting)

 7 May 1823 - 13 May 1823  Santiago Usoz y Mozí (acting)

13 May 1823 - 29 Aug 1823  José María Pando de la Riva y      (b. 1787 - d. 1840)  Lib

                             Ramírez de Laredo

29 Aug 1823 -  4 Sep 1823  Luis María de Salazar y Salazar    (b. 1758 - d. 1838)  Lib

                             (acting) (1st time)

 4 Sep 1823 -  6 Sep 1823  Juan Antonio Yandiola y Garay                           Lib

                             (acting)

 6 Sep 1823 -  1 Oct 1823  José Luyando (2nd time)            (s.a.)               Lib

25 Apr 1823 -  2 Dec 1823  Víctor Damían Sáez y Sánchez-Mayor (b. 1776 - d. 1839)  Abs

                             (acting to 7 Aug 1823)

                             (counter-government to 1 Oct 1823)

 2 Dec 1823 - 18 Jan 1824  Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón,  (s.a.)               Abs

                             marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                             duque de Sotomayor (2nd time)

18 Jan 1824 - 11 Jul 1824  Narciso de Heredia y Begines       (b. 1777 - d. 1843)  Lib

                             de los Ríos, conde de Ofalia

11 Jul 1824                Luis María de Salazar y Salazar    (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) (acting) 

11 Jul 1825 - 24 Oct 1825  Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1st time)  (b. 1779 - d. 1850)  Lib 

24 Oct 1825 - 19 Aug 1826  Pedro Alcántara Álvarez de         (s.a.)

                             Toledo y Salm-Salm,

                             duque de Infantado

19 Aug 1826 - 20 Jan 1832  Manuel González Salmón y Gómez     (s.a.)               Abs

                             de Torres (2nd time)

                             (acting to 15 Oct 1830)

20 Jan 1832 - 22 Feb 1832  Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría  (b. 1773 - d. 1842)

                             (acting)

20 Jan 1832 -  1 Oct 1832  Antonio de Saavedra y Frigola,

                             conde de Alcudia (acting)

 1 Oct 1832 - 29 Nov 1832  José Cafranga Costilla (acting)

29 Nov 1832 - 15 Jan 1834  Francisco Cea Bermúdez (2nd time)  (s.a.)               Lib/PL

Prime ministers (presidents of the council of ministers)

15 Jan 1834 -  7 Jun 1835  Francisco Martínez de la Rosa      (b. 1789 - d. 1862)  PL

 7 Jun 1835 - 14 Sep 1835  José María Queipo de Llano Ruíz    (b. 1786 - d. 1843)  PL

                             de Saravia, conde de Toreno 

14 Sep 1835 - 25 Sep 1835  Miguel Ricardo de Álava Esquivel   (b. 1771 - d. 1843)  PL

25 Sep 1835 - 15 May 1836  Juan Álvarez Mendizábal (acting)   (b. 1790 - d. 1853)  PM

15 May 1836 - 14 Aug 1836  Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero (b. 1790 - d. 1871)  PL

                             (1st time) 

14 Aug 1836 - 18 Aug 1837  José María Calatrava               (b. 1781 - d. 1846)  PL

18 Aug 1837 - 18 Oct 1837  Joaquín Baldomero Fernández        (s.a.)               Mil

                             Espartero, conde de Luchana

                             (1st time)

18 Oct 1837 - 16 Dec 1837  Eusebio Bardají y Azara            (s.a.)               PL

16 Dec 1837 -  6 Sep 1838  Narciso de Heredia y Begines       (s.a.)               PL

                             de los Ríos, conde de Ofalia 

 6 Sep 1838 -  9 Dec 1838  Bernardino Fernández de Velasco    (b. 1783 - d. 1851)  PL

                             Enríquez de Guzmán, 

                             duque de Frías 

 9 Dec 1838                Isidro Alaix (acting)              (b. 1790 - d. 1853)  PL

 9 Dec 1838 - 18 Jul 1840  Evaristo Pérez de Castro Brito     (b. 1771 - d. 1849)  PL

20 Jul 1840 - 12 Aug 1840  Antonio González y González        (b. 1792 - d. 1876)  PL

                             (1st time) 

12 Aug 1840 - 28 Aug 1840  Valentín Ferraz y Barrau           (b. 1793 - d. 1866)  PL

29 Aug 1840 - 11 Sep 1840  Modesto Cortázar (acting)

11 Sep 1840 - 16 Sep 1840  Vicente Sancho                     (b. 1784 - d. 1868)

                             (designated but did not take office)

16 Sep 1840 - 10 May 1841  Joaquín Baldomero Fernández

                             Espartero, duque de la Victoria  (s.a.)               Mil/PPg

                             (2nd time)

10 May 1841 - 20 May 1841  Joaquín María Ferrer Cafranga 

                             (acting)

20 May 1841 - 17 Jun 1842  Antonio González y González        (s.a.)               PM 

                             (2nd time) 

17 Jun 1842 -  9 May 1843  José Ramón Rodil y Gallosa,        (b. 1789 - d. 1853)  PM

                             marqués de Rodil 

 9 May 1843 - 19 May 1843  Joaquín María López y López        (s.a.)               PM

                             (1st time) 

19 May 1843 - 23 Jul 1843  Álvaro Gómez Becerra               (b. 1771 - d. 1855)

23 Jul 1843 - 20 Nov 1843  Joaquín María López y López        (s.a.)               PM

                             (2nd time) 

20 Nov 1843 -  5 Dec 1843  Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz   (b. 1805 - d. 1873)  PM

 5 Dec 1843 -  3 May 1844  Luis González Bravo (1st time)     (b. 1811 - d. 1871)  PM

 3 May 1844 - 12 Feb 1846  Ramón María Narváez y Campos,      (b. 1800 - d. 1868)  PM

                             duque de Valencia (1st time)

12 Feb 1846 - 16 Mar 1846  Manuel Pando Fernández de Pineda,  (b. 1792 - d. 1872)  PM

                             marqués de Miraflores (1st time)

16 Mar 1846 -  5 Apr 1846  Ramón María Narváez y Campos,      (s.a.)               PM

                             duque de Valencia (2nd time) 

 5 Apr 1846 - 28 Jan 1847  Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero (s.a.)               PM

                             (2nd time) 

28 Jan 1847 - 28 Mar 1847  Carlos Fernando Martínez de Irujo  (b. 1804 - d. 1889)  PM

                             y McKean, marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                             duque de Sotomayor

28 Mar 1847 - 31 Aug 1847  Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y        (b. 1808 - d. 1865)  PM

                             Gutiérrez Calderón 

31 Aug 1847 - 12 Sep 1847  José de Salamanca y Mayol          (b. 1811 - d. 1883)  PM

12 Sep 1847 -  4 Oct 1847  Florencio García Goyena            (b. 1783 - d. 1855)  PM

 4 Oct 1847 - 19 Oct 1849  Ramón María Narváez y Campos

                             duque de Valencia (3rd time)     (s.a.)               PM

19 Oct 1849 - 20 Oct 1849  Serafín María de Soto y Abacu,

                             conde de Cleonard                (b. 1793 - d. 1862)  PM

20 Oct 1849 - 14 Jan 1850  Ramón María Narváez y Campos,      (s.a.)               PM

                             duque de Valencia (4th time)

14 Jan 1850 - 14 Dec 1852  Juan Bravo Murillo                 (b. 1803 - d. 1873)  PM

14 Dec 1852 - 14 Apr 1853  Federico Roncali y Ceruti,         (b. 1809 - d. 1875)  PM

                             conde de Alcoy

14 Apr 1853 - 19 Sep 1853  Francisco de Lersundi y Ormaechea  (b. 1817 - d. 1874)  PM

19 Sep 1853 - 17 Jul 1854  Luis José Sartorius Tapia,         (b. 1817 - d. 1871)  PM

                             conde de San Luis

17 Jul 1854 - 18 Jul 1854  Fernando Fernández de Córdova y    (b. 1809 - d. 1883)  PM

                             Valcárcel (1st time)

18 Jul 1854 - 19 Jul 1854  Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de     (b. 1791 - d. 1865)  PM

                             Baquedano, duque de Rivas 

                             (acting)

19 Jul 1854 - 14 Jul 1856  Joaquín Baldomero Fernández        (s.a.)               Mil/PPg

                             Espartero, duque de la Victoria

                             (3rd time)

14 Jul 1856 - 12 Oct 1856  Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,         (b. 1809 - d. 1867)  UL

                             conde de Lucena (1st time)

12 Oct 1856 - 15 Oct 1857  Ramón María Narváez y Campos,      (s.a.)               PM

                             duque de Valencia (5th time)

15 Oct 1857 - 14 Jan 1858  Francisco Armero y Fernández       (b. 1804 - d. 1867)  UL

                             Peñaranda, marqués de Nervión 

14 Jan 1858 - 30 Jun 1858  Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero (s.a.)               UL

                             (3rd time) 

30 Jun 1858 -  2 Mar 1863  Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,         (s.a.)               UL

                             (from 1860) duque de Tetuán 

                             (2nd time)

 2 Mar 1863 - 17 Jan 1864  Manuel Pando Fernández de Pineda,  (s.a.)               UL

                             marqués de Miraflores (2nd time) 

17 Jan 1864 -  1 Mar 1864  Lorenzo Arrazola García            (b. 1797 - d. 1873)  UL

 1 Mar 1864 - 16 Sep 1864  Alejandro Món Menéndez             (b. 1801 - d. 1882)  UL

16 Sep 1864 - 21 Jun 1865  Ramón María Narváezy Campos,       (s.a.)               UL

                             duque de Valencia (6th time) 

21 Jun 1865 - 10 Jul 1866  Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,         (s.a.)               UL

                             duque de Tetuán (3rd time)

10 Jul 1866 - 23 Apr 1868  Ramón María Narváez y Campos,      (s.a.)               PM

                             duque de Valencia (7th time)

23 Apr 1868 - 19 Sep 1868  Luis González Bravo (2nd time)     (s.a.)               UL

19 Sep 1868 - 30 Sep 1868  José Gutiérrez de la Concha        (b. 1809 - d. 1895)  UL

                             Irigoyen

 3 Oct 1868 - 18 Jun 1869  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               UL/PL

                             duque de la Torre,

                             conde de San Antonio (1st time)

18 Jun 1869 - 27 Dec 1870  Juan Prim y Prats, marqués de      (b. 1814 - d. 1870)  PPg

                             Castillejos, conde de Reus,

                             vizconde del Bruch

27 Dec 1870 -  4 Jan 1871  Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo    (b. 1821 - d. 1885)  PL

                             (1st time) (acting) 

 4 Jan 1871 - 24 Jul 1871  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               PL 

                             duque de la Torre,

                             conde de San Antonio (2nd time) 

24 Jul 1871 -  5 Oct 1871  Manuel Ruíz Zorrilla (1st time)    (b. 1833 - d. 1895)  PPg

 5 Oct 1871 - 21 Dec 1871  José Malcampo y Monge, marqués     (b. 1828 - d. 1880)  PL

                             de San Rafael, conde de Jolo

21 Dec 1871 - 26 May 1872  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (b. 1825 - d. 1903)  PL

                             Escolar (1st time)

26 May 1872 -  4 Jun 1872  Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo    (s.a.)               PL

                             (2nd time)(acting) 

 4 Jun 1872 - 13 Jun 1872  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               PL

                             duque de la Torre,

                             conde de San Antonio (3rd time)

13 Jun 1872 - 16 Jun 1872  Fernando Fernández de Córdova y    (s.a.)               PM

                             Valcárcel (2nd time)(acting) 

16 Jun 1872 - 12 Feb 1873  Manuel Ruíz Zorrilla (2nd time)    (s.a.)               PPg 

 4 Jan 1874 - 26 Feb 1874  Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,     (s.a.)               PL

                             duque de la Torre,

                             conde de San Antonio (4th time)

26 Feb 1874 -  3 Sep 1874  Juan de Zavala y de la Fuente,     (b. 1804 - d. 1879)

                             conde de Paredes de Nava,

                             marqués de Sierra Bullones 

 3 Sep 1874 - 30 Dec 1874  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (2nd time)
31 Dec 1874 - 12 Sep 1875  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (b. 1828 - d. 1897)  PL

                             (1st time) 

12 Sep 1875 -  2 Dec 1875  Joaquín Jovellar y Soler           (b. 1819 - d. 1892)

 2 Dec 1875 -  7 Mar 1879  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (s.a.)               PL

                             (2nd time) 

 7 Mar 1879 -  9 Dec 1879  Arsenio Martínez Campos y Antón    (b. 1831 - d. 1900)  PL

 9 Dec 1879 -  8 Feb 1881  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (s.a.)               PL

                             (3rd time) 

 8 Feb 1881 - 13 Oct 1883  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (3rd time)

13 Oct 1883 - 18 Jan 1884  José Posada Herrera                (b. 1815 - d. 1885)  PPg

18 Jan 1884 - 27 Nov 1885  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (s.a.)               PL

                             (4th time) 

27 Nov 1885 -  5 Jul 1890  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (4th time)

 5 Jul 1890 - 11 Dec 1892  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (s.a.)               PL

                             (5th time) 

11 Dec 1892 - 23 Mar 1895  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             (5th time)

23 Mar 1895 -  8 Aug 1897  Antonio Cánovas del Castillo       (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (6th time) 

 8 Aug 1897 -  4 Oct 1897  Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero     (b. 1832 - d. 1915)  PL

                             (1st time)(acting to 21 Aug 1897)

 4 Oct 1897 -  4 Mar 1899  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (6th time)

 4 Mar 1899 - 23 Oct 1900  Francisco Silvela y le Vielleuze   (b. 1843 - d. 1905)  PC

                             (1st time)

23 Oct 1900 -  6 Mar 1901  Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero     (s.a.)               PC

                             (2nd time)

 6 Mar 1901 -  6 Dec 1902  Práxedes Mariano Mateo-Sagasta y   (s.a.)               PL

                             Escolar (7th time)

 6 Dec 1902 - 20 Jul 1903  Francisco Silvela y le Vielleuze   (s.a.)               PC

                             (2nd time)

20 Jul 1903 -  5 Dec 1903  Raimundo Fernández Villaverde      (b. 1848 - d. 1905)  PC

                             (1st time)

 5 Dec 1903 - 16 Dec 1904  Antonio Maura y Montaner (1st time)(b. 1853 - d. 1925)  PC

16 Dec 1904 - 27 Jan 1905  Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero     (s.a.)               PC

                             (3rd time)

27 Jan 1905 - 23 Jun 1905  Raimundo Fernández Villaverde      (s.a.)               PC

                             (2nd time)

23 Jun 1905 -  1 Dec 1905  Eugenio Montero Ríos               (b. 1832 - d. 1914)  ID

 1 Dec 1905 -  6 Jul 1906  Sigismundo Moret y Prendergast     (b. 1838 - d. 1913)  PL

                             (1st time)

 6 Jul 1906 - 30 Nov 1906  José López Domínguez               (b. 1829 - d. 1911)  PL

30 Nov 1906 -  4 Dec 1906  Sigismundo Moret y Prendergast     (s.a.)               PL

                             (2nd time)

 4 Dec 1906 - 25 Jan 1907  Antonio Aguilar y Correa,          (b. 1824 - d. 1908)  PL

                             marqués de la Vega de Armijo

25 Jan 1907 - 21 Oct 1909  Antonio Maura y Montaner (2nd time)(s.a.)               PC

21 Oct 1909 -  9 Feb 1910  Sigismundo Moret y Prendergast     (s.a.)               PL

                             (3rd time)

 9 Feb 1910 - 12 Nov 1912  José Canalejas y Méndez            (b. 1854 - d. 1912)  PL

12 Nov 1912 - 14 Nov 1912  Manuel García Prieto, marqués de   (b. 1859 - d. 1938)  PL

                             Alhucemas (1st time) (acting)

14 Nov 1912 - 27 Oct 1913  Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta, (b. 1863 - d. 1950)  PL

                             conde de Romanones (1st time) 

27 Oct 1913 -  9 Dec 1915  Eduardo Dato y Iradier (1st time)  (b. 1856 - d. 1921)  PC

 9 Dec 1915 - 19 Apr 1917  Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta, (s.a.)               PL

                             conde de Romanones (2nd time)

19 Apr 1917 - 11 Jun 1917  Manuel García Prieto, (2nd time)   (s.a.)               PL

                             marqués de Alhucemas

11 Jun 1917 -  3 Nov 1917  Eduardo Dato y Iradier (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PC

 3 Nov 1917 - 22 Mar 1918  Manuel García Prieto, (3rd time)   (s.a.)      &nbs