Thailand
 

c.1656 - 1782                         1782 - 1817                         1817 - 1855             1855 - 1916, Dec 1941 - 1945                    1916 - 28 Sep 1917                   Adopted 28 Sep 1917   Map of Thailand Hear National Anthem "Phleng Chat" (National Athem) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1932 Constitution (11 Oct 1997; suspended 19 Sep 2006) Administrative Divisions Map Hear Royal Anthem "Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami" (A Salute to the Monarch) Text of Royal Anthem Adopted 1888 (national anthem to 1932) 1991 Constitution (7 Dec 1991-11 Oct 1997) Capital: Bangkok (Sukhothai 1250-1350; Ayutthaya 1350-1463, 1488-1767; Phitsanulok 1463-1488; Thonburi Oct 1767-1782) [Sukhothai Kingdom: Sukhothai 1250-1371, Phitsanulok 1371-1378]) Currency: Baht (THB) National Holiday: 5 Dec (1927) Birthday of King Bhumibol  Population: 65,068,149 (2007) GDP: $596.5 billion (2006) Exports: $123.5 billion (2006) Imports: $119.3 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Thai 81.4% (of which Thai 54.9%, Lao 26.5%), Chinese 10.6%, Malay 3.7%, Khmer 1.9%, other 2.4% (2000) Total Armed Forces: 314,200 (2003) Merchant marine: 400 ships (2006) Religions: Buddhism 94.2%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian, Hindu, and other 1.2% (2000)  International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, APEC, ARF, APM, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, BTWC, CP, CTBT (signatory), EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISESCO (observer), ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Thailand Index Chronology 650                        Kingdom of Nanchao (in modern day Yunnan, China). 1238                       Traditional date for founding of the                              Kingdom of Sukhothai (present day Thailand). 1350                       Kingdom of Ayutthaya Feb 1564 -  3 May 1584     Vassal of Burma. 1767 - c.1800              Nominally a tributary of China. 16 Dec 1685 - 30 Sep 1688  French granted possession of Singora (Songkhla).   7 Apr 1767 - Oct 1767     Burmese occupation. 1767 - 1770                State fractured into competing governments -                              Phimai (to 1768), Nakhon Si Thammarat (to 1769)                              Phitsanulok and Fang (Sawangkhaburi)(to 1770)                              and Thonburi which conquers its competitors                              becoming the succesor Thai state.  28 Dec 1767                Kingdom of Thonburi   6 Apr 1782                Kingdom of Krung Thep (Bangkok) c.1856                     Kingdom of Siam (this term comes into gradual                              official use). 23 Mar 1907                Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon ceded to                              French Indochina (Cambodia) and west-bank                               Champasak and Xainyaburi to France (Laos)                              in exchange for Dansai and Krat.  9 Jul 1909                Renounces sovereignty over Perlis, Kedah,                               Kelantan and Terengganu.  23 Jun 1939                Kingdom of Thailand  9 May 1941 - Jan 1947     Annexes western provinces of Cambodia (Siem Reap                               and Battambang); and parts of Laos (Xainyaburi                              and West-bank, Champasak) to 7 Dec 1946.  8 Dec 1941 - 15 Aug 1945  Japanese troops in Thailand.  1 Aug 1943 - 1945         Annexes part of Shan States (Kengtung and Möngpan)                              from Burma and 20 Aug 1943 -  8 Sep 1945                              Perlis, Terengganu, Kedah and Kelantan from                               Malaya.  8 Sep 1945 - 20 Jul 1949  "Siam" authorized for foreign use. Lanna (Chiang Mai) (1675-1939) Lampang (1732-1922) Lamphun (1775-1943) Nan (1786-1931) Patani (1584-1902) Buddhist Thailand Supreme Patriarchs Historical Maps of Thailand  Ethno-linguistic map of Thailand

Kings¹
26 Oct 1656 - 11 Jul 1688  Narai                              (d. 1688)
11 Jul 1688 - 1703         Phetracha Ramesuen II
1703 - 1709                Luang Sorasak "Phra Chao Sua"      (b. 1662 - d. 1709)
1709 - Jan 1733            Phumintharacha "Thai Sa"
Jan 1733 - 13 Apr 1758     Borommakot Maha Dharmaracha II     (b. c.1682 - d. 1758)
13 Apr 1758 - Aug 1758     Uthumphon
Aug 1758 -  7 Apr 1767     Ekatat Boromoracha V (Suriyamarin) (d. 1767?)
Oct 1767 -  6 Apr 1782     Takhsin "the Great"                (b. 1734 - d. 1782)
 6 Apr 1782 -  7 Sep 1809  Buddha Yodfa (Rama I)              (b. 1737 - d. 1809)
 7 Sep 1809 - 21 Jul 1824  Buddha Loetla (Rama II)            (b. 1768 - d. 1824)
21 Jul 1824 -  2 Apr 1851  Nangklao (Rama III)                (b. 1788 - d. 1851)
 3 Apr 1851 - 18 Oct 1868  Mongkut (Rama IV)                  (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
18 Oct 1868 - 23 Oct 1910  Chulalongkorn (Rama V)             (b. 1853 - d. 1910)
18 Oct 1868 - 16 Nov 1873  Chao Praya Siri                    (d. 1882)
                             Suriyawongse -Regent
23 Oct 1910 - 26 Nov 1925  Vajiravudh (Rama VI)               (b. 1881 - d. 1925)
26 Nov 1925 -  2 Mar 1935  Prajadhipok (Rama VII)             (b. 1893 - d. 1941)
                             (in self-imposed exile from 12 Jan 1934)
12 Jan 1934 -  2 Mar 1935  Prince Naritsaranuwatiwong         (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
                             Chitchalerm -Regent
 2 Mar 1935 -  9 Jun 1946  Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)         (b. 1925 - d. 1946)
                             (in Switzerland to 5 Dec 1945)
 2 Mar 1935 - 12 Aug 1935  Prince Oscar Anuvatana -Regent     (b. 1883 - d. 1935)
                             (president of Council of Regency)
12 Aug 1935 - 1944         Prince Aditya Dibabha -Regent      (b. 1904 - d. 1946)
                             (president of Council of Regency)
1944 -  9 Jun 1946         Pridi Banomyong -Regent            (b. 1900 - d. 1983)  KR
 9 Jun 1946 -              Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)       (b. 1927)
16 Jun 1946 - 1946         Prince Rangsit, Prince of          (b. 1885 - d. 1951)
                             Jainart -Regent
                            (from 1947, president of Supreme Council of State)
1946 -  5 May 1950         Prince Dhanivat Bidyalabh          (b. 1885 - d. 1974)
                             Bridhyakon "Prince Dhani" -Regent
                            (president of Supreme Council of State)
22 Oct 1956 -  7 Dec 1956  Queen Sirikit -Regent              (b. 1932)

Chief ministers
bf.1868 - 19 Jan 1882      Chao Praya Siri Suriyawongse       (s.a.)
19 Jan 1882 - 27 Jun 1932  the kings
Prime ministers
28 Jun 1932 - 24 Jun 1933  Phya Manopakorn Nitithada          (b. 1884 - d. 1948)  TPP
                             (Public Committee President to 10 Dec 1932)
24 Jun 1933 - 26 Dec 1938  Phya Phahol Phonphayuhasena        (b. 1889 - d. 1958)  Mil/TPP
26 Dec 1938 -  1 Aug 1944  Plaek Pibulsongkram (1st time)     (b. 1897 - d. 1964)  Mil/TPP
                             (Plaek Khittasangkha) 
 1 Aug 1944 - 17 Jul 1945  Khuang Aphaiwong (1st time)        (b. 1902 - d. 1968)  Mil/TPP
31 Aug 1945 - 17 Sep 1945  Thawi Bunyaket                     (b. 1904 - d. 1971)  Non-party
17 Sep 1945 - 13 Jan 1946  Seni Pramoj (1st time)             (b. 1905 - d. 1997)  ST
13 Jan 1946 - 18 Mar 1946  Khuang Aphaiwong (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Mil
24 Mar 1946 - 21 Aug 1946  Pridi Banomyong                    (s.a.)               KR
26 Aug 1946 -  8 Nov 1947  Thawan Thamrongnawasawat           (b. 1901 - d. 1988)  Mil
12 Nov 1947 -  8 Apr 1948  Khuang Aphaiwong (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)               PP
 8 Apr 1948 - 17 Sep 1957  Plaek Pibulsongkram (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Mil/SM
21 Sep 1957 - 24 Dec 1957  Pote Sarasin                       (b. 1905 - d. 2000)  Non-party
 1 Jan 1958 - 20 Oct 1958  Thanom Kittikachorn (1st time)     (b. 1911 - d. 2004)  Mil
20 Oct 1958 -  8 Dec 1963  Sarit Thanarat                     (b. 1909 - d. 1963)  Mil/RP
                             (acting to 10 Feb 1959)
 9 Dec 1963 - 14 Oct 1973  Thanom Kittikachorn (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Mil
14 Oct 1973 - 26 Feb 1975  Sanya Thammasak                    (b. 1907 - d. 2002)  Non-party
26 Feb 1975 - 14 Mar 1975  Seni Pramoj (2nd time)             (s.a.)               PP
14 Mar 1975 - 20 Apr 1976  Kukrit Pramoj                      (b. 1911 - d. 1995)  PKS
20 Apr 1976 -  6 Oct 1976  Seni Pramoj (3rd time)             (s.a.)               PP
 6 Oct 1976 - 23 Nov 1980  Sa-ngad Chaloryu                   (b. 1915 - d. 1980)  Mil
                            (chairman Administration Reform Council; 
                             from 20 Oct 1977, chairman Revolutionary Council;
                             from 12 Nov 1977, chairman National Policy Council)
 8 Oct 1976 - 20 Oct 1977  Thanin Kraivichien                 (b. 1927)            Non-party
13 Nov 1977 -  3 Mar 1980  Kriangsak Chomanan                 (b. 1917 - d. 2003)  Mil
 3 Mar 1980 -  4 Aug 1988  Prem Tinsulanond                   (b. 1920)            Mil
 4 Aug 1988 - 23 Feb 1991  Chatichai Choonhavan               (b. 1922 - d. 1998)  Mil/CT
23 Feb 1991 -  7 Mar 1991  Sunthorn Kongsompong               (b. 1931? - d. 1999) Mil
                             (chairman National Peacekeeping Council)
 7 Mar 1991 -  7 Apr 1992  Anand Panyarachun (1st time)       (b. 1932)            Non-party
 7 Apr 1992 - 24 May 1992  Suchinda Kraprayoon                (b. 1933)            Mil
24 May 1992 - 10 Jun 1992  Meechai Ruchupan (acting)          (b. 1938)            Non-party
10 Jun 1992 - 23 Sep 1992  Anand Panyarachun (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Non-party
23 Sep 1992 - 13 Jul 1995  Chuan Leekpai (1st time)           (b. 1938)            PP
13 Jul 1995 -  1 Dec 1996  Banharn Silpa-archa                (b. 1932)            CT
 1 Dec 1996 -  9 Nov 1997  Chavalit Yongchaiyudh              (b. 1932)            PKWM
 9 Nov 1997 -  9 Feb 2001  Chuan Leekpai (2nd time)           (s.a.)               PP
 9 Feb 2001 - 19 Sep 2006  Thaksin Shinawatra                 (b. 1949)            TRT
 5 Apr 2006 - 23 May 2006  Chidchai Vanasatidya               (b. 1946)            TRT
                             (acting for Shinawatra)
19 Sep 2006 -  1 Oct 2006  Sonthi Boonyaratkalin              (b. 1946)            Mil
                             (chairman of Council for Democratic Reform) 
 1 Oct 2006 - 29 Jan 2008  Surayud Chulanont                  (b. 1943)          Mil/Non-party
29 Jan 2008 -              Samak Sundaravej                   (b. 1935)            PPP
 

Commanders of the Japanese Army in Thailand 
1941 - 1943                Iida Shojiro                       (b. 1888 - d. 1980)
 4 Jan 1943 - Sep 1945     Akita Nakamura 

 ¹The Chakkri rulers (from 6 Apr 1782) were often referred to as "the king of the first/second/etc. reign." During the king of the third reign, his two predecessors
were referred to as "the First King" and "the Middle King," respectively; the then current king not wanting to be "the Last King," but careful to avoid referring to his predecessors "by name," erected two statues to represent them, gave names to the statues (Buddha Yodfa, Buddha
Loetla), and made those names the "official" referents for the respective kings; he himself became Nangklao. Vajiravudh, the king of the sixth reign, decided to refer henceforth to the rulers of the dynasty as Rama I, Rama II, and so on, he being Rama VI. This device was rejected by his successor Prajadhipok, the king of the seventh reign, but informally re-adopted later. It is quite commonly used by officials under the current king of the ninth reign. 

Territorial Disputes: Separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over several areas along Mekong River and Thai squatters; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Burma over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers; Cambodia claims Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory and obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; ethnic Karens from Burma flee into Thailand - to escape fighting between Karen rebels and Burmese troops - resulting in Thailand sheltering about 120,000 Burmese refugees in 2005; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand. 

Party abbreviations: CP = Phak Chart Patthana (National Development Party, centerist);
CT = Phak Chart Thai (Thai Nation Party, conservative); PKS = Phak Kit Sangkhom (Social Action Party, conservative); PP = Phak Prachathipat (Democratic Party, liberal, est.1948);
PPP = Palang Prachachon (People's Power Party, former TRT, est.2007); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: CF = Constitutional Front (nationalist, Pridi personalist); KR = Khana-
Rassadorn (People's Party); PKWM = Pak Kwam Wang Mai (New Aspiration Parti, conservative, later part of TRT); PT = Prachakorn Thai (Thai Citizens' Party, conservative);  RP = Revolutionary Party (military); SM = Seri Manangasila (Free Stone Seat Party); ST = Seri Thai (Free Thai Movement); TPP = Khana Ras Thai (Thailand People's Party, 1932-1950's; TRT = Thai Rak Thai (Thai Love Tahis Party, conservative, T. Shinawatra personalist, 1998 - 30 May 2007)

1259                       Lanna (Lan Na) kingdom founded (sometimes referred to
                             as Chiang Mai [Chhiangmay], city  was founded 1296).
1546 - 1547                Under suzerainty of Lan Xang (see Laos).
 2 Apr 1558 - 1598         Under Burmese suzerainty.
1598 - 1613                Under Thai suzerainty.
1613 - 1771                Under Burmese suzerainty (de facto 1727 - 1764).
Apr 1632 - 1663            Burmese occupation.
1663 - 1664                Thai occupation.
 5 Feb 1774                Under Thai suzerainty.
1892                       Incorporated into Siam (part of administrative
                             unit of Monthon Phayap).
1931                       Chiang Mai province created.
Jun 1939                   Royalty ends.

Kings
1675 - 1707                Chephutarai
1707 - 1727                Mangraenara
1727                       Thep Sing (rebel)
1727 - 1759                Ong Kham
1759 - 1761                Chan
27 Apr 1761 - 1762         Khi Hut
1763 - 1768                Abhayagamani
1768 - 1771                Moyagamani
1771 - 1774                Vacant
Governor
1774 - 1781                Cha Ban 
Princes (title Chao)
1775 - 1816                Kawila (Kavila)(to 1781 in Lamphun)(b. c.1742 - d. 1816)
1816 - 1821                Thammalangka                       (b. c.1755 - d. 1821)
1821 - 1825                Kham Fan                           (b. c.1754 - d. 1825)
1825 - 1846                Phutthawong                        (d. 1846)
1847 - 1854                Mahawong                           (d. 1854)
1854 - 1856                Vacant
1856 - 1870                Kawilorotsuriyawong                (b. c.1799 - d. 1870)
1870 - 1871                Vacant
1871 - 1897                Inthavichayanon (Intanon)          (b. 1817 - d. 1897)
1897 - 1901                Vacant
1901 - 1909                Suriyawong                         (d. 1909)
1909 - Jun 1939            In Kaeo Nowarat                    (b. c.1862 - d. 1939)

Siamese High Commissioners
1877 - 1939                .....

1892                       Incorporated into Siam. 
1922                       Royalty ends.

Princes (title Chao)
1729 – 17..                Phya Sulavaluchai Songkram
                             (Thip Chang)
17.. – 17..                Kaeo
17.. – 1781                Khanan Kawila
1781 – 18..                Kham Soom
18.. – 18..                Dhuang Thip
18.. – 18..                Chajjawon
18.. – 18..                Narajina (Naijin)
18.. – 18..                Narayana Rangsiri
18.. – 1823                Buddhawongse
1823 – 1825                Ho Kham
1825 - 19..                ....
19.. – 1922                Bunthawong (Boonyawat)             (d. 1922)

17..                       Restored under Thai suzerainty.
1892                       Incorporated into Siam (part of administrative
                             unit of Monton Maharat).
1943                       Royalty ends.

Princes (title Chao)
17.. - 1775                Kaeo
1775 - 1781                Kawila (Kavila)                    (b. c.1742 - d. 1816)
1781 - 18..                ....
18.. – 1816                Setthi Kham Fan
1816 – 18..                Boon Ma
18.. – 18..                Kham Tan
18.. – 18..                Neejchajlanka
.... - 1943                Chakrakam Kajornsakdi              (d. 1943)

....                       Nan kingdom founded.
1449                       Under suzerainty of Lan Na.
1558                       State destroyed by the Burmese.
1786                       Restored under Thai suzerainty.
1892                       Incorporated into Siam (part of administrative
                             unit of Monton Maharat).
1931                       Royalty ends.

Princes (title Chao)
1786 - 1810                Attawalapanyo
1810 - 1825                Sumanathewalat
1825 - 1836                Mahayot
1836 - 1838                Acittawaong
1838 - 1851                Mahawong
1851 - 1891                Anantayot
1891 - 1918                Suliyaphong Phallitidet
1918 - 1931                Mahaphrom Sulathada                (d. 1931)

 

Map of Patani

Capital: Patani (to 1816)

c.1390                     Predecessor kingdom founded.
.... - 1569                Vassal of Siam.
c.1457                     Royal court converts to Islam, renamed Patani.
1636 - c.1646              Vassal of Siam.
1650 - 1767                Vassal of Siam.
1786                       Occupied by Siam.
1791 - 1816                Occupied by Siam.
1816 - 1902                Split into 7 divisions (Pattani, Nongchik, Saiburi [Teluban],
                             Yala [Jala], Yaring [Jambu], Ra-ngae [Legeh] and Reman).
1902                       Incorporated into Siam, royalty terminated.
10 Mar 1909                British recognize sovereignty of Siam over Patani.

Queens
1584 - 1616                Raja Ijau "the Green Queen"        (d. 1616)
1616 - 1624                Raja Biru "the Blue Queen"         (d. 1624)
1624 - 1635                Raja Ungu "the Purple Queen"       (d. 1635)
1635 - 1688                Raja Kuning "the Yellow Queen"
Kings
1688 - 1690                Raja Bakar
1690 - 1707                Raja Mas Kelatan
1707 - 1710                Raja Mas Chayam (f) (1st time)
1710 - 1719                Raja Dewi (f)
1719 - 1723                Raja Bendang Badan                 (d. 1734)
1723 - 1724                Raja Laksamana Dajang
1724 - 1726                Raja Mas Chayam (f) (2nd time)
1726 – 1749                Sultan Haji Yunus
1749 – 1750                Raja Nuh
1750 – 1767                Interregnum?
1767 – 1786                Sultan Mahmud Abdul Jalil
                             Karimullah Mualim Shah           (d. 1786)
1786 – 1791                Tengku Lamidin
Siamese Governors
1791 – 1808                Dato Pengkalan
1808 – 1815                Nai Khwan Sai
1815 – 1816                Nai Phai
Kings 
1816 – 1832                Tuan Sulong
1832 – 1845                Nik Yusuf (Raja To Ki)
1845 – 1856                Sultan Phaya Long Muhammad
                             (Tuan Besar)
1856 – 1881                Tengku Ahmad                       (d. 1881)
                             (Tengku Besar Long Puteh)
1881 – 1890                Tengku Besar (Tuan Timung)         (d. 1890)
1890 – 1899                Sultan Sulaiman Sharif Alauddin    (d. 1899)
                             Shah (Phraya Visitbhakti)
1899 – 1902                Tengku Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin      (d. 1933)
                             (Phraya Vijitbhakti)