U.S. Native American Nations
Note: In 2000, there were 556 Native American tribal entities
recognized by the United States government, the Constitution, by treaty
or statute, or by court decisions as "sovereign domestic dependent nations
under the U.S. protection." They have formal government-to-
government relations with the federal government, enjoy full internal
self-government and administer the territories they reserved for themselves.
Currently this page lists only a small fraction of Native American Nations.
More data will be added as information becomes available.
Abenaki
![[Abenaki St Francis - Sokoki Band]](abenaki_USA.gif)
Adopted 24 Jul 1991
1976
Abenaki (St. Francis-Sokoki Band) recognized by Vermont.
1977 Recognition rescinded.
Chairmen
1974
Wayne Hoague
1974 - 1980
Homer St. Francis (1st time) (d. 2001)
1980 - 1987
Blackie Lampman
1987 - 2001
Homer St. Francis (2nd time) (s.a.)
1996 -
April St. Francis Rushlow (f)
(acting to 2001)
Alabama-Coushatta
1854
Tribal reservation granted to the Alabama-Coushatta tribe
of the Muskogee Nation.
1938
Introduction of constitutional government.
18 Aug 1987
Tribe recognized by Federal government.
Chiefs
.... - c.1838
Long King
c.1838 - 18..
Tempe
18.. - 1871
Long Tom
1871 - 5 Mar 1913
John Scott
(b. 1805 - d. 1913)
1913 - 1928
Vacant
1928 - 8 Sep 1935
Charles Martin Thompson
(b. 1860 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1936
Mikko-Se Hotkas Clem Fain, Jr.
(acting)
1 Jan 1936 - 23 Feb 1969 Bronson Cooper Sylestine
(b. 1879 - d. 1969)
(Tic-Ca-Che)
23 Feb 1969 - 8 Feb 1994 Robert Fulton Battise (Kina)
(b. 1909 - d. 1994)
(acting to 1 Jun 1972)
9 Feb 1994 -
Clayton Marion Sylestine (Oscola)
(acting 1 Jan 1995)
Chairmen
1938 -
....
Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
7 Oct 1861 - 23 Jun 1865
Cherokee Braves Battle Flag
|
Adopted 9 Oct 1978
|
7 Oct 1861
Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
20 Feb 1863
Pro-U.S. faction revokes treaty with the Confederacy.
19 Jul 1866
"Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.
24 Apr 1906
End of national self-government.
1971
Restoration of tribal self-government.
Principal Chiefs, Western Cherokees
1795 - 1813
John Bowles
1813 - 1818
Takatoka
1818
Tahlonteeskee
1818 - Dec 1836
John Jolly
Dec 1836 - Oct 1839 John
Brown
Oct 1839 - 1840
John Rogers (b. 1778 - d. 1846)
Principal Chiefs, Eastern Cherokees
1730 - c.1753
Moytag (d. c.1753) 1753 - Aug 1760 Old Hop (Kanagatoga) (d. 1760)
1760 - 1778
Attacullaculla
(d. 1778)
1778 - 1780
Oconocoasta
(d. 1783)
1780 - Jun 1788
Old Tassel (Kayatihi)
(d. 1788)
1788
- 1792
Haning Maw (Uskwaliguta) (d. 1794)
1792 - 1801 Little
Turkey (Kanagadoga) (b. 1738 - d. 1838)
1801 - 22 Jul 1811 Blackfox
(Enoli) (d.
1811)
1811 - Jan 1827
Pathkiller
(Nunnadihi) (b. 1749 - d. 1827)
Jan 1827 - 20 Jan 1827 Charles Renatus Hicks (b. 1767 - d. 1837)
1827 - 1828 William Hicks (b. c.1769 - d. 1827)
Oct
1828 - 11 Aug 1866 John Ross
(b. 1790 - d. 1866)
Principal Chiefs
2 Oct 1839 - 1 Aug 1866 John Ross
(s.a.)
(in exile in Kansas, 3 Aug 1862 - Jun 1865)
21 Aug 1862 - 1866
Stand Watie (in rebellion)
(b. 1806 - d. 1871)
(elected by Confederate sympathizers;
surrendered to U.S. 23 Jun 1865)
1 Aug 1866 - 19 Oct 1866 Lewis Downing (1st time) (acting)
(b. 1823 - d. 1882)
19 Oct 1866 - 4 Nov 1867 William Potter Ross (1st time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1891)
4 Nov 1867 - 9 Nov 1872 Lewis Downing (2nd time)
(s.a.)
10 Nov 1872
Charles Thompson (1st time) (d. 1891) 11 Nov 1872 - 1 Nov 1875 William Potter Ross (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Nov 1875 - 3 Nov 1879 Charles Thompson (2nd
time) (s.a.) 3 Nov 1879 - 1 Aug 1887 Dennis Wolf
Bushyhead
(b. 1826 - d. 1898)
1 Aug 1887 - 14 Dec 1891 Joel Bryan Mayes
(b. 1833 - d. 1891)
14 Dec 1891 - 23 Dec 1891 Thomas Mitchell Buffington
(b. 1855 - d. 1938)
(1st time) (acting)
23 Dec 1891 - 4 Nov 1895 Colonel Johnson Harris
(b. 1856 - d. 1921)
4 Nov 1895 - 6 Nov 1899 Samuel Houston Mayes
(b. 1845 - d. 1927)
6 Nov 1899 - 2 Nov 1903 Thomas Mitchell Buffington
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Nov 1903 - 21 Nov 1905 William Charles Rogers (1st
time) (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
21 Nov 1905 - 1905/06 Frank Josiah
Boudinot
(b. 1866 - d. af.1937)
1905/06 - 1917
William Charles Rogers (2nd time) (s.a.)
1917 - 1919
Vacant
8 Nov 1919 - 25 Nov 1919 Andrew Bell Cunningham
1919 - 1923
Vacant
23 Jun 1923 (1 day) Edward
M. Frye
1923 - 1925
Vacant
1925 (1 day)
Richard Baxter Choate
1925 - 1927
Vacant
27 Dec 1927 (1 day) Charles
J. Hunt
1927 - 1931
Vacant
26 May 1931 (1 day) Oliver
P. Brewer
1931 - 1936
Vacant
22 Jan 1936 (1 day) William
Wirt Hastings
(b. 1866 - d. 1938)
1936 - 1941
Vacant
1941 - 1949
Jesse Bartley Milam
(b. 1884 - d. 1949)
1949 - 1975
William Wayne Keeler (b. 1908 - d. 1987)
1975 - 1985
Ross O. Swimmer
1985 - 1995
Wilma Pearl Mankiller (f) (b. 1945)
1995 - 1999
Joe Byrd
14 Aug 1999 -
Chadwick Smith (b. 1941)
Cherokee Indian Agents
177. - 1779
Alexander Cameron
1779 - 178.
Thomas Brown
c.1785
Joseph Martin
1794 - 1799
John McKee
1801 - 1823
Return J. Meigs
1823 - 1824
Joseph McMinn
1824 - 1828
Hugh Montgomery
1828 - 1830
Edward W. Du Val
1830 - 1831
George Vashon
1831 - 16 Dec 1836
Benjamin Currey
(d. 1836)
16 Dec 1836 - 3 Jan 1837 Wilson Lumpkin
3 Jan 1837 - 1837
Nathaniel Smith
1837 - 7 Mar 1840
Montford Stokes
1840
Arbuckle
1841 - 1846
Pierce Mason Butler
(b. 1798 - d. 1847)
1846 - 13 Jan 1848
James McKissick
Jan 1848 - Mar 1848 Gustavus
Loomis (acting)
1848 - May 1849
Richard C.S. Brown
29 May 1849 - 21 Sep 1850 William Butler, Jr.
(d. 1850)
24 Sep 1850 - 8 Dec 1850 William G. Belknap (acting)
31 Oct 1850 - 4 Apr 1861 George Butler
Apr 1861 - Jun 1861 John
Crawford
(for the Confederate States Jun 1861 - 186.)
Jun 1861 - 31 Aug 1862 Charles W. Chatterton
(d. 1862)
1863 - 1866
Justin Harlin
1866 - 1867
John P. Humphreys
1867
E.C. Cleaveland
1867
William Touples
1867 - 1868
J.J. Henderson
1868 - 1869
William B.D. Davis
1869 - 1870
John Craig
1870 - 1874
John Buttrick Jones
(b. 1824 - d. 1876)
1874 - 1914
the Muskogee Union Agents
Cheyenne River
Sioux
Chairmen Tribal Council
1936 - 1942
Luke Gilbert
1942 - 1946
Samuel Charger
1946
Iron Lightning
1946 - 1950
Albert LeBeau, Sr.
1950 - 1958
Frank Ducheneaux
1958 - 1962
Anthony A. Rivers II
1962
Andrew LeBeau
1962 - 1970
Frank Ducheneaux
1970 - 1974
Theophile O. Traversie
1974 - 1978
Wayne Ducheneaux (1st time)
1978 - 1982
Melvin Garreau, Sr.
1982
Kenneth West
1982
Lanny LaPlant
1982
Robert Chasing Hawk
1982 - 1986
Morgan Garreau
1986 - 1990
Wayne Ducheneaux (2nd time)
1990 -
Gregg Bourland
Chickasaw
Nation of Oklahoma
17 Jan 1837 - 22 Jun 1855 Component part (District) of the
Choctaw Nation.
1 Jul 1861
Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
28 Apr 1866
"Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.
24 Apr 1906
End of national self-government.
1971
Restoration of tribal self-government.
Minko (hereditary chiefs)
17.. - 1784
Payamataha
(d. 1784)
- jointly with -
17.. - 1784
Mincohouma (Mingo Houma)
1784 - 1794
Taski Etoka
1794 - 1819
Chinubbee
(d. 1819)
1819 - 1820?
Chehopieschee
1820 - 1822
Ishtehotopa
Chiefs of the Chickasaw District, Chiefs of the Chickasaw People
1838 - 1839
George Colbert
1839 - 1844
....
1844 - 1846
Isaac Alberson (Samuel Seeley)
1846 - 1848
James McLaughlin
1848 - 1850
Edmund Pickens
1850 - 1856
Daugherty Colbert
Governors
1856 - 1858
Cyrus H. Harris (1st time)
(b. 1817 - d. 1888)
1858 - 1860
Daugherty Winchester Colbert (1st time) (b. 1810 - d. 1880)
1860 - 1862
Cyrus H. Harris (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1862 - 1866
Daugherty Winchester Colbert (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in Texas exile Feb 1864 - 16 Jul 1865)
1864
Horace Pratt (acting)
1866
Jackson Kemp (acting)
1866 - 1870
Cyrus H. Harris (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1870 - 1871
William P. Brown
1871 - 1872
Thomas J. Parker
(b. 1775 - d. 1890)
1872 - 1874
Cyrus H. Harris (4th time)
(s.a.)
1874 - 1878
Benjamin Franklin Overton (1st time) (b. 1836 -
d. 1884)
1878 - 1880
Benjamin Crooks Burney
(b. 1844 - d. 1892)
1880 - 8 Feb 1884
Benjamin Franklin Overton (2nd time) (s.a.)
1884 - 1886
Jonas Wolfe (1st time)
(d. 1900)
1886 - 1888
William Malcom Guy
(b. 1845 - d. 1918)
1888 - 1892
William Leander Byrd
(b. 1844 - d. 1915)
1892 - Jun 1894
Jonas Wolfe (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Jun 1894 - Oct 1894 Tecumsah
A. McClure (acting)
(b. c.1830 - d. ....)
Oct 1894 - Aug 1896 Palmer
Simeon Mosely (1st time)
(b. 1851 - d. 1908)
Aug 1896 - 1898
Robert Maxwell Harris
(b. 1850 - d. 1927)
1898 - 1902
Douglas Henry Johnston (1st time)
(b. 1858 - d. 1939)
1902 - 1904
Palmer Simeon Mosely (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1904 - 26 Apr 1906
Douglas Henry Johnston (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1906
Peter Maytubby
1906 - 1939
Douglas Henry Johnston (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1939 - 1963
Floyd Ernest Maytubby
(b. 1893 - d. 1963)
1963
Hugh Maytubby
1963 - 1987
Overton James
1987 -
Bill Anoatubby
(b. 1945)
Chickasaw Indian Agents
1794 - 1796
John McKee
1797 - 1806
Samuel Mitchell
1806 - 1808
William Hill
1808 - 1809
Thomas Wright
8 Jul 1809 - 3 Jun 1812 James Neelly (or Neeley)
1812 - 1814
James Robertson
1814 - 1818
William Cocke
1818 - 18..
Thomas J. Sherburne
18.. - 1822/23
Nicholas
1822/23 - 1829
Benjamin Fort Smith
1829 - 1830
John Allen (acting)
1830 - 1837
Benjamin Reynolds
9 Mar 1837 - 1851
A.M.M. Upshaw
1851 - 1852
Kenton Harper
c.1853 - 1856
A.J. Smith
1856 - 1874
the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian Agents
1874 - 1914
the Muskogee Union Agents
Chitimacha
Chiefs
1903 - 1934
Benjamin Paul
1934 - 1947
Ernest "Papa Jack" Darden
1947
Alexander Darden
1948 - 1950
Leroy Burgess (chairman)
1950 - 1969
Emile "Bizz" Stouff
1969 - 1971
Leonard "Nick" Stouff
Chairmen
1971 - 1981
Leroy Burgess
1981 - 1983
Daniel Darden (1st time)
1983 - 1987
Larry Burgess
1987 - 1989
Daniel Darden (2nd time)
1989 - 1998
Ralph Darden
1998 -
Alton D. LeBlanc, Jr.
Choctaw
Nation of Mississippi
1786
Choctaws under protection of the U.S., the original boundaries of
the Choctaw country fixed.
1805 & 1820
Main Choctaw land cessions to the U.S.
1826
Choctaw tribal government (Choctaw Nation) established, governed by
the chiefs of the Okla Tannip District, the Okla Falaya District,
and the Okla Hannali District.
1830
Choctaw Indian Reservation ceded to the U.S. in return for a new
reservation in the Indian Territory.
1834
Majority of the Choctaws moved to the Indian Territory.
1918
Choctaws of Mississippi recognized as separate from the Choctaw
Nation of Oklahoma.
1939
Mississippi Choctaw Indian Reservation established.
1945
Choctaw tribal government (Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians).
Chiefs of Okla Tannip District
180. - 1809
Homastubbee
(d. 1809)
1809 - 1826
Moshulatubbee (1st time) (b. 1778 -
d. 1838)
1826 - 1830
David Folsom
(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
1830 - 1834
Moshulatubbee (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chiefs of Okla Falaya District
180. - 1824
Apukshunnubbee
(d. 1824)
1824 - 1826
Robert Cole
1826 - 1834
Greenwood LeFlore
(b. 1800 - d. 1865)
Chiefs of Okla Hannali District
180. - 1824
Pushmataha
(b. 1764 - d. 1824)
1824 - 1826
Humming Bird
(d. 1828)
1826 - 1830
John "Sam" Garland
1830 - 1834
Nitakechi
(b. 1792 - d. 1846)
Chairmen
1945 - 1949
Joe Chitto
1949 - 1959
Emmett York (1st time)
1959 - 1967
Phillip Martin
(b. 1926)
1967 - 1975
Emmett York (2nd time)
Chiefs
1975 - 1979
Calvin Issac
1979 -
Phillip Martin
(s.a.)
Choctaw
Nation of Oklahoma
1834 - 1838
Governed by the chiefs of the Moshulatubbee District,
the Oklafalaya District, and the Pushmataha District.
1838 - Oct 1857
Governed by the chiefs of the Moshulatubbee District,
the Apukshunnubbee District, the Pushmataha District,
and the Chickasaw District (s.a.).
1 Jul 1861
Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
28 Apr 1866
"Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.
24 Apr 1906
End of national self-government.
1971
Restoration of tribal self-government.
Chiefs of Moshulatubbee District
1834 - 1836
Moshulatubbee
1836 - 1838
Joseph Kincaid
1838 - 1842
John McKinley
1842 - 1846
Nathaniel Folsom
1846 - 1850
Peter Folsom
1850 - 1854
Cornelius McCurtain
1854 - Oct 1857
David McCoy
Chief of Oklafalaya District
1834 - 1838
Thomas LeFlore
Chiefs of Apukshunnubbee District
1838 - 1842
James Fletcher
1842 - 1850
Thomas LeFlore
1850 - Oct 1857
George Washington Harkins
Chiefs of Pushmataha District
1834 - 1838
Nitukechi (1st time)
1838 - 1841
Pierre Jusan
1841 - 1846
Isaac Folsom
1846
Nitukechi (2nd time)
1846 - 1850
Silas D. Fisher
1850 - 1854
George Folsom
1854 - Oct 1857
Nicholas Cochnauer
Governors
Oct 1857 - 1858
Alfred Wade
(d. c.1868)
1857 - Oct 1859
Tandy C. Walker
Oct 1859 - 1 Oct 1860 Basil LeFau
LeFlore
Principal chiefs
1 Oct 1860 - 6 Oct 1862 George Hudson
(b. 1808 - d. 1865)
6 Oct 1862 - 3 Oct 1864 Samuel Garland
(b. 1803 - d. 1870)
3 Oct 1864 - 1 Oct 1866 Peter Perkins Pitchlynn
(b. 1806 - d. 1881)
1 Oct 1866 - 3 Oct 1870 Allen Wright
3 Oct 1870 - 5 Oct 1874 William J. Bryant
5 Oct 1874 - 7 Oct 1878 Coleman Cole
(b. c.1800 - d. 1886)
7 Oct 1878 - Feb 1880 Isaac Levi
Garvin
(b. 1832 - d. 1880)
Feb 1880 - 6 Oct 1884 Jackson Frazier
McCurtain (b. 1830
- d. 1885)
(acting to 3 Oct 1880)
6 Oct 1884 - 3 Oct 1886 Edmund McCurtain
(b. 1842 - d. 1890)
3 Oct 1886 - 1 Oct 1888 Thompson McKinney
(d. 1889)
1 Oct 1888 - 6 Oct 1890 Benjamin Franklin Smallwood
(b. 1829 - d. 1891)
6 Oct 1890 - 1 Oct 1894 Wilson Nathaniel Jones
(b. 1831 - d. 1901)
1 Oct 1894 - 5 Oct 1896 Jefferson Gardner
(b. 1847 - d. 1906)
5 Oct 1896 - 1 Oct 1900 Green McCurtain (1st
time) (b. 18.. - d. 1910)
1 Oct 1900 - 6 Oct 1902 Gilbert W. Dukes
(b. 1849 - d. 1919)
6 Oct 1902 - 1910
Green McCurtain (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1910 - 1918
Victor Locke, Jr.
(b. 1876 - d. 1929)
1918 - 1922
William Finley Sample
(b. 1883 - d. 1969)
1922 - 1929
William Henry Harrison
(b. 1876 - d. 1929)
1930 - 1936
Ben H. Dwight
(b. 1890 - d. 1953)
1937 - 1948
William H. Durrant
(b. 1866 - d. 1948)
1948 - 1975
Harry J.W. Belvin
(d. 1975)
1975 - 1978
C. David Gardner
Chiefs
1978 - 1997
Hollis E. Roberts
9 Jun 1997 -
Gregory E. Pyle
Choctaw Indian Agents
1799 - 1802
John McKee (1st time)
1802 - 1814
Silas Dinsmoor
1814 - 1821
John McKee (2nd time)
1821 - 1822
William Ward (1st time)
1822 - 182.
Edmund Fulsom
1825 - 1831
William Ward (2nd time)
1832 - 1835
F.W. Armstrong
1835 - 1846
William Armstrong
1846 - 185.
Samuel Rutherford
185./52
William Wilson
1853 - 1856
Douglas H. Cooper
Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian Agents
1856 - 1861
Douglas H. Cooper
1861 - 1862
Richard P. Pulliam
1862 - 1866
Isaac Coleman
1870 - 1873
Theophilus D. Griffith
1873 - 1874
Albert Parsons
1874 - 1914
the Muskogee Union Agents
Coeur
d' Alene Tribe (Schitsu'Umsh)
Chiefs
1660 - 1760
Circling Raven
1760 - 1844
Twisted Earth
1844 - 1865
Vincent (Bassah)
1865 - 1902
Andrew Seltice
1902 - 1907
Peter Wildshoe
1907 - 1932
Peter Moctelme
1932 - 1949
Joseph Seltice
1949 - 1965
Ignace Garry
Chairmen
1947 - 1948
Joseph Seltice
1948 - 1950
Ignace Garry
1950 - 1954
Pascal George
1954 - 1955
Felix Aripa
1955 - 1956
Lawrence Nicodemus
1956 - 1968
Joseph Garry
1968 - 1970
Oswald George
1970 - 1972
Bernard LaSarte (1st time)
1972 - 1974
Hillary Skanen
1974 - 1982
Bernard LaSarte (2nd time)
1982 - 1985
Dave Matheson
1985 - 1986
Bernard LaSarte (3rd time)
1986 -
Ernie Stensgar
Flandreau
Santee Sioux Tribe
Tribal Presidents
1937 - 1938
George Eastman 1938
John Allen
1938 - 1940
Jess Wakeman
1940 - 1941
Benjamin Jones
1941 - 1948
Alexander Wakeman
1948 - 1953
Francis Wakeman
1953 - 1956
Richard Wakeman, Sr.
1956 - 1963
George Allen, Sr.
1963
Felix Heminger
1963 - 1972
Gordon Jones, Sr.
1972 - 1974
Agnes Ross (f)
1974 - 1979
Richard P. Allen
1978 - 1979
Andrew Weston
1979 - 1983
Kenneth Allen
1983 - 1985
Carolyn Sorensen (f)
1985 - 1987
Elmer Weston
1987 - 1990
Judith Peterson (f)
1990 - 1992
Lee Taylor
1992 - 1989
William Schumacher
1989 - 2002
Thomas Ranfranz
2002 - 2004
Leonard Eller
2004 -
Mark Allen
Kanatak Tribe
1950's - 1994
Kanatak Tribe of Alaska tribal government dormant.
1994
Tribal government organized.
Chief
1994 -
Henry Forshey
Las Vegas Paiute
1912
Las Vegas Indian Colony established (part of the Moapa River
Indian Reservation) in Nevada.
1934
Las Vegas Paiutes recognized as separate from the Moapa River.
1970
Las Vegas Paiute tribal government (Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute
Indians) established.
Chairmen
1970 - 1978
....
1978 - 1980
Gloria Yazzie (f)
1980 - 1988
....
1988 - 1990
Margaret Henry (f)
1990 - 1993
Alfreda Mitre (f) (1st time) (b. 1954)
1993 - 1994
....
1994 - 1998
Alfreda Mitre (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1998 - 1999
Kenny Anderson
1999 -
Curtis Anderson
Mashantucket
Pequot
Chiefs
19.. - 1973
Elisabeth George-Plouffe (f)
1973 - 1975
Amos George
1975 - 1999
Richard Hayward
Jan 1999 - Jan 2003 Kenneth
M. Reels
Jan 2003 -
Michael J. Thomas
Menominee
Head chiefs
.... - 1804
Glode
(d. 1804)
1804 - 1818
Tomau (or Tomah)
(d. 1818)
1827 - 1858
Oshkosh
(d. 1858)
1858 - 1875
Akwine'me
(d. 1875)
1875 - 1890
Neopit
(d. 1913)
1890 - 1979
Post abolished
Chairmen
1979 - 1980
Gordon Dickie Sr. (1st time)
1980 - 1981
Lucille Chapman (f)(1st time)
1981 - 1982
Gordon Dickie Sr. (2nd time)
1982 - 1983
Lucille Chapman (f)(2nd time)
1983 - 1984
Gordon Dickie Sr. (3rd time)
1984 - 1985
Apesanahkwat (1st time)
1985 - 1986
Lynn Shenadore
1986 - 1987
Gordon Dickie Sr. (4th time)
1987 - 1988
Lucille Chapman (f)(4th time)
1988 - 1989
Apesanahkwat (2nd time)
1990 - 1991
Gordon Dickie Sr. (5th time)
1991 - 1994
Glen T. Milller
1995 - 1996
John H. Teller
1997 - 2001
Apesanahkwat (3rd time)
2002 - 2003
Lisa Waukau (f)
2003 - 2004
Joan R. Delabreau (f)
2005 - 2006
Michael Chapman
2006 -
Karen Washinawatok (f)
Miccosukee
-
![[Miccosukee Tribe]](miccosukee.gif) -
Adopted 1962
1962
Miccosukee Tribe of Indians recognized as separate from
the Seminole Tribe of Florida.
1970's
Miccosukee Indian Reservation established.
Chairmen
1962 - 1985
Buffalo Tiger
(b. 1920)
1986 -
Billy Cypress
(b. 1952)
Mohegan
1994 Tribe granted federal recognition.
Chiefs
1902 - 1903
Henry Mathews (Wegun)
1903 - 1928
Lemuel Fielding (Occum)
1929 - 1935
Everett Fielding
1935 - 1937
Julian Harris (Peegee Uncas)
1937 - 1952
Burrill Fielding (Matahga)
1952 - 1970
Harold A. Tantaquidgeon
1970 - 1989
Courtland Fowler (Little Hatchet)
1992 - 1 Oct 2007
Ralph W. Sturges (G'tinemong) (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
Muskogee
Nation (Creek) of Oklahoma
-
-
|
-
![[Muskogee, Creek confederate flag]](csa_creek.gif) -
1861 - 186. Pro-Confederate States
flag
|
1836 - Dec 1867
Divided into the Lower Towns and the Upper Towns.
1 Jul 1861
Lower Creeks sign treaty of alliance with the Confederate States.
14 Jun 1866
"Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.
24 Apr 1906
End of national self-government.
1971
Restoration of tribal self-government.
Principal chiefs of the Lower Towns
1836 - 1837
Heneha Micco
1837 - 1859
Roderick McIntosh "Roley McIntosh"
1859 - 1863
Motey Canard "Motey Kennard"
1863 - Dec 1867
Samuel Checote
(b. 1819 - d. 1884)
Principal chiefs of the Upper Towns
1836 - 18..
Nehathlucco Hopoie "Little Doctor"
18.. - 18..
Hupuihilth Yahola "Opothle Yahola"
(in opposition to Confederate sympathizers;
from Dec 1861, in Missouri exile)
18.. - 18..
Tamarthla Micco
18.. - 1859
Tuckabatchee Micco (1st time)
1859 - 1863
Echo Harjo
1863 - 1865
Tuckabatchee Micco (2nd time)
1865 - Dec 1867
Oktarharsars Harjo "Sands"
(already proclaimed 5 Aug 1861)
Principal chiefs
Dec 1867 - Dec 1875 Samuel
Checote (1st time)
(s.a.)
Dec 1875 - 5 Dec 1876 Lochar Harjo
(d. 1879)
5 Dec 1876 - 6 Dec 1879 Ward Coachman
6 Dec 1879 - 5 Dec 1883 Samuel Checote (2nd time)
(s.a.)
5 Dec 1883 - Dec 1887 Joseph Moses
Perryman
(b. 1833 - d. 1896)
Dec 1887 - 25 Nov 1895 Legus C. Perryman
(b. 1838 - d. 1922)
25 Nov 1895 - 5 Dec 1895 Hotulke Emarthla "Edward Bullet"
5 Dec 1895 - Dec 1899 Isparhecher
(b. 1858 - d. 1902)
Dec 1899 - 1907
Pleasant Porter
(b. 1840 - d. 1907)
1907 - 1917
Moty Tiger
(b. 1840 - d. 19..)
1917 - 1920
George Washington Grayson
(b. 1843 - d. 1920)
1921 - 1923
Washington Grayson
1923 - 1928
George W. Hill
1928 - 1935
Vacant
1930 (1 day)
Henry Harjo
1930 - 1931
Vacant
1931 (1 day)
Peter Ewings
1931 - 1935
Vacant
1935 - 1939
Roley Canard (1st time)
1939 - 1943
Alex Noon
1943 - 1951
Roley Canard (2nd time)
1951 - 1955
John Davis
1955 - 1957
Roley Buck
1957 - 1961
Turner Bear
1961 - 1971
W.E. "Dode" McIntosh
1971 - 1991
Claude A. Cox
1991 - 1995
Bill Fife
1996 -
R. Perry Beaver
Creek Indian Agents
Sep 1791 - 1795
James Seagrove
1796 - Jun 1816
Benjamin Hawkins
1816 - Aug 1816
Daniel Hughes
1816 - 1817
Christian Limbaugh (acting)
Mar 1817 - Mar 1821 David
Brydie Mitchell
1821 - 1829
John Crowell (for Eastern Creek)
1827 - 1831
David Brearley (for Western Creek)
1831 - 1834
John Campbell (for Western Creek)
1834 - 1836
Leonard Tarrant
May 1842 - 1844
James L. Dawson
1844 - 1851?
James Logan
Jun 1854 - 1861
William H. Garrett
(to 1863? for the Confederate States)
1861 - 1864
George A. Cutler
May 1863 - 1865
Israel G. Vore
(for the Confederate States)
1864/65 - Aug 1869
Reynolds
Aug 1869 - 1870
Baldwin
1870 - 1871
Vacant
1871 - 1873
Francis S. Lyon
1873 - 1874
Edward S. Roberts (acting)
Muskogee Union Agents
1874
John Buttrick Jones (acting) (b.
1824 - d. 1876)
1874 - 1876
George W. Ingalls
(b. 1838 - d. 1920)
1876
J.J. Upham
1876 - 1879
Sylvester W. Marston
1879 - 1885
John Q. Tufts
1885 - 1889
Robert Latham Owen
(b. 1856 - d. 1947)
1889 - 1893
Leo E. Bennet
(b. 1857 - d. ....)
1893 - 1899
Dew Moore Wisdom
(b. 1836 - d. ....)
1899 - 1905
J. Blair Shoenfelt
(b. 1859 - d. ....)
1905 - 1914
Dana H. Kelsey
Navajo
-
 - Adopted
1968
1786 - 1793
Subject to the Spanish.
1849
Navajos under protection of the U.S., the original boundaries
of the Navajo country fixed.
1864 - 1868
Settled at Bosque Redondo Reservation.
1868
Navajo country formally ceded to the U.S. in exchange
for a reservation (Navajo Reservation).
1922
Navajo tribal government established.
1969
Navajo Nation.
Head Chiefs
1800 - 1849
Narbona (Naat'aa)
(b. 1766 - d. 1849)
1849 - 1853
Mariano Martinez
1853 - 1855
Zarcillos Largos (1st time) (d. 1858)
1855 - 1858
Manuelito (Ch'ilhajini) (b. 1818
- d. 1893)
(1st time)
1858
Zarcillos Largos (2nd time) (s.a.)
1858 - 1861
Herrero Delgado (A'tsidii Sani)(b. 1830 - d. 1870)
1861 - 1866
Herrero Grande
1866 - 1871
Barboncito (Da'ghaaii)
(b. 1820 - d. 1871)
1871 - 18..
Ganado Mucho (To'tso'nii) (b. 1809 - d. 1890)
(for Western Navajos)
1871 - 1885
Manuelito (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(for Eastern Navajos)
1885 - 1922
Henry Chee Dodge (Adiitsa'ii) (b. 1857 - d. 1947)
Chairmen
1922 - 1923
Business Council
- Henry Chee Dodge
(s.a.)
- Dugal Chee Bekiss
- Charley Mitchell
1923 - 1929
Henry Chee Dodge (1st time) (s.a.)
1929 - 1933
Deshna Chischilze
1933 - 1937
Thomas Dodge
1937 - 1939
Henry Taliman, Sr.
1939 - 1943
Jacob C. Morgan
1943 - 1947
Henry Chee Dodge (2nd time) (s.a.)
1947 - 1955
Sam Ahkeah
(b. 1896 - d. 1967)
1955 - 1963
Paul Jones
1963 - 1971
Raymond Nakai
1971 - 1983
Peter MacDonald (1st time) (b. 1928)
1983 - 1987
Peterson Zah
1987 - 1989
Peter MacDonald (2nd time) (s.a.)
1989 - 1991
Leonard Haskie (interim)
Presidents
1991 - 1995
Peterson Zah
1995 - 1998
Albert A. Hale
1998
Thomas E. Atcitty
1998 - 1999
Milton Bluehouse, Sr.
(b. 1935)
1999 - Jan 2003
Kelsey A. Begaye
(b. 1951)
Jan 2003 -
Joe Shirley, Jr.
(b. 1947)
Oglala
Sioux
|
Map of Oglala Sioux
|
Capital: Pine Ridge,
South Dakota
|
Population: 14,304 (2000)
|
17..
Seven Fires Confederacy
1825
Under U.S. protection (Great Sioux Nation).
1868
Great Sioux Reservation
1889
Split into five reservations, the largest being the
Pine Ridge Reservation.
1934
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Chief
1865 - 1909
Makhpiya-Luta "Red Cloud" (b. 1822 - d. 1909)
1909 - 1934
....
Presidents
1934 - 1936
Robert Bad Wound
1936 - 1940
Frank Wilson
1940 - 1942
Henry Jumping Eagle
1942 - 1946
William Fire Thunder
1946 - 1948
James Roan Eagle
1948 - 1950
William Fire Thunder
1950 - 1952
Chester Red Kettle
1952 - 1954
Charles Under Baggage
1954 - 1956
Moses Two Bulls
1956
Frank G. Wilson (1st time)
1956 - 1958
James Iron Cloud (acting)
1958 - 1960
Frank G. Wilson (2nd time)
1960 - 1962
Johnson Holy Rock (1st time)
1962 - 1964
William Whirlwind Horse
1964 - 1966
Enos Poor Bear (1st time)
1966 - 1968
Johnson Holy Rock (2nd time)
1968 - 1970
Enos Poor Bear (2nd time)
1970 - 1972
Gerald One Feather
1972 - 1976
Richard Wilson
1976 - 1978
Albert W. Trimble
1978 - 1980
Elijah Whirlwind Horse
1980 - 1982
Stanley Looking Elk
1982 - 1984
Joe American Horse (1st time)
1984 - 1986
Newton Cummings
1986 - 1988
Joe American Horse (2nd time)
1988 - 1990
Paul Iron Cloud
1990 - 1992
Harold Dean Salway (1st time)
1992 - 1994
John Yellow Bird Steele (b. 1948)
(1st time)
1994 - 1996
Wilbur Between Lodges
1996 - 1998
John Yellow Bird Steele (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1998 - 2000
Harold Dean Salway (2nd time)
2000
Wilbur Between Lodges (2nd time)
(acting)
2000 -
John Yellow Bird Steele (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Sault Ste. Marie Ojibwe
-
 -
Adopted 1970's
1972
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa (Ojibew) Indians of Michigan
recognized as separate from the Bay Mills Tribe.
1974
Sault Ste. Marie Indian Reservation established.
Chairmen
1973 - 1987
Joseph "Joe" K. Lumsden
(d. 1987)
1987 -
Bernard Bouschor
(acting to 1988)
Seminole Nation of Florida
![[Flag of the Florida Seminole Tribe]](us-flsem.gif)
Adopted 1979
1823
Seminole country ceded to the U.S. in return for the Seminole
Indian Reservation.
1832
Seminole Indian Reservation ceded to the U.S. in return for a new
reservation in the Indian Territory.
1835 - 1842
Second Seminole War.
1839
Majority of the Seminoles moved to the Indian Territory.
1856 - 1858
Third Seminole War.
1913
Seminoles of Florida recognized as separate from the Seminole
Nation of Oklahoma.
1917
Big Cypress Indian Reservation established.
1926
Dania (1966, renamed Hollywood) Indian Reservation added.
1935
Brighton Indian Reservation added.
1953
Seminole tribal government established (Seminole Tribe of
Indians of Florida).
1957
Seminole Tribe of Florida.
1962
Miccosukee Tribe of Indians recognized as separate.
Principal Chiefs
1750 - 1785
Cowkeeper (Abaya)
1785 - 1812
King Payne
1812 - 1821
King Bowlegs
1821 - 1849
Mikanopi (Sint Chakkee) (d. 1849)
War Chiefs
1835 - 1837
Osceola (William Powell) (b. 1804 -
d. 1838)
1837 - 1842
Abiaka (Sam Jones)
(b. 1774 - d. 1866)
1856 - 1858
Holata Micco (Billy Bowlegs) (b. 1810 - d. 1864)
Chairmen
1953 - 1967
Bill "Billy" Osceola
1967 - 1971
Betty Mae Jumper (f)
(b. 1923)
1971 - 1979
Howard E. Tommie
1979 - 2001
James E. "Jim" Billie
(b. 1944)
2001 -
Mitchell Cypress (acting) (b. 1947)
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
-
![[Seminole Confederate flag]](csa_seminole.gif) -
1861 - 186. Pro-Confederate States flag
|
-
-
Modern Oklahoma Seminole Flag
|
1 Jul 1861
Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America
divided the Seminole nation.
21 Mar 1866
"Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.
24 Apr 1906
End of national-self government.
1971
Restoration of tribal self-government.
Principal chiefs
1839 - Jan 1841
Mikanopi
(d. 1849)
Jan 1841 - 18..
Miconnutcharsar "Jim Jumper"
18.. - 1865
John Jumper (1st time)
(b. c.1820 - d. 1896)
(continues in opposition to 1875;
1861 - 1865, pro-Confederacy chief)
1866 - Mar 1881
John Chupco
(d. 1881)
(1861 - 1865, pro-Union chief in
Kansas exile)
Mar 1881 - 1882
Hulputta Che
Jul 1882 - 1885
John Jumper (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1885 - 1901
John Frippo Brown (1st time) -Governor
1901 - 1905
Hulputta Micco
(b. 18.. - d. 1905)
1905 - 1919
John Frippo Brown (2nd time) -Governor
Chiefs
1922 - 21 Jun 1935
Alice Brown Davis (f)
(b. 1852 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1936
Chilli Fish
1936 - 1942
George Jones
1942 - 1944
Willie Haney
1944 - 1946
Jeffie Brown
1948 - Dec 1952
George Harjo
(b. 1886 - d. 1952)
1952 - 1954
Marci Cullie
(b. 1910)
1955 - 1959
Philip Walker
1960 - 1969
John A. Brown
1969 - 1972
Terry Walker
1972 - 1973
Floyd Harjo
1973 - 1977
Edwin Tanyan (1st time)
1977 - 1978
Richmond Tiger
1978 - 1981
Tom Palmer
1979 - 1985
James Milan
1985 - 1989
Edwin Tanyan (2nd time)
1989 - 2001
Jerry Haney
1 Sep 2001 -
Kenneth Edward Chambers
Seminole Indian Agents
18.. - 1821
J.A. Peniere
1821 - 1822
John R. Bell
1822 - 1832
Gad Humphrey
1832 - 1833
John Phagan
29 Aug 1833 - 28 Dec 1835 Wiley Thompson
(d. 1835)
1836 - 1838
....
1838 - 1845/6
Thomas L. Judge
1845/46 - 1852
Marcellus Duval
1852 - 1855
B.J. Smithson
1855 - 1856
J.W. Washbourne
1857 - 1861
Samuel Morton Rutherford
(1861 - 186. for the Confederate States)
1861 - 1862
George C. Snow
1862 - 1865
Joseph Samuel Murrow
(b. 1835 - d. 1929)
(for the Confederate States)
1865 - 1866
George A. Reynolds
1866 - 1870
....
1870 - 1874
Henry F. Breiner
1874 - 1914
the Muskogee Union Agents
Southern
Ute
Tribal Chairmen
1936 - 1939
Antonio Buck, Sr.
1940 - 1944
Julius N. Cloud (1st time)
1945 - 1948
Samuel Burch (1st time)
1949 &n |