United States of America
 

to 4 Jul 1776	1775 - 14 Jun 1777 U.S. Naval Jack	2 Jan 1776 - 14 Jun 1777 Grand Union flag
14 Jun 1777 - 4 Jul 1795	14 Jun 1777 - 1795 Variant (Betsy Ross flag)	1795 - 1818  War of 1812 "Star Spangled Banner"
4 Jul 1861 - 4 Jul 1863  Civil War Era flag	4 Jul 1912 - 4 Jul 1959 (48 star flag)	Adopted 4 Jul 1960

Note:  every year that a new state was admitted to the union, until 4 Jul 1960 when the last state was admitted,  a white star was added to the blue canton.  For more please see Flags of the World's History of the Stars and Stripes 1775-1960.
  

Map of United States Hear National Anthem  "The Star Spangled Banner" Adopted 1931 Former National Anthem "Hail Columbia!" to  1931 (Unofficial) Constitution (4 Mar 1789) Map U.S. Expansion Declaration of Independence (4 Jul 1776) Articles of Confederation (2 Mar 1781 - 4 Mar 1789) Bill of Rights and Amendments Capital: Washington, D.C. (Philadelphia 1774 -1776,  1778-1783 and 1790-1800; New York City 1785-1790;  Trenton 1784; Annapolis 1783 - 1784; Princeton 1783; Baltimore  1776-1777; York  1777- 1778;  Lancaster 1777) Currency: US Dollar (USD) National Holiday: 4 Jul (1776) Independence Day Population: 303,824,640 (2008) GDP: $14.29 trillion (2008) Exports: $1.37 trillion (2008) Imports: $2.19 trillion (2008) Ethnic groups: white 74.7%, black 12.1%, Asian 4.3%, American Indian and Eskimo 0.8%, native  Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.1%, others 8% (2005) ¹ Total Armed Forces: 1,547,257 (2006) Declared Nuclear Power (1945): 5,113 weapons (2009) Merchant marine: 422 ships (2008) Religions: Protestant 43.7% (of which Baptist 17.2%, Methodist 7.2%, Lutheran 4.9%, Presbyterian 2.8%, Pentecostal 2.2%, Church of Christ 1.3%, Congregational 0.7%, Evangelical 0.5%, other Protestant 4.3%), Roman Catholic 25.9%, non-denominational Christian 9.1%, Episcopalian 1.8%, Mormon 1.4%, Jewish 1.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.7%,  Muslim 0.6%, Buddhist 0.5%, Seventh- day Adventist 0.4%, Hindu 0.4%, Eastern Orthodox 0.3%, Unitarian 0.3%, Bahai 0.04%, Scientologist 0.03%, Sikh 0.03%, others 0.2%, atheist/none 13% (2001)  International Organizations/Treaties: AC, ADB (nonreional), AfDB (nonregional), AG, ANZUS, APEC, ANT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BSEC (observer), BTWC, CAFTA, CBSS (observer), CE (observer), CERN (observer), CFE, CP, CTBT (signatory), EAPC, EBRD, ENMOD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISA (observer), ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP (signatory), MIGA, MTCR, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PC, PIF (partner), PCA, SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC United States Index Chronology 1607/1620                  English colonies founded (from 1607 at Jamestown                              in Virginia; and 1620 at Plymouth Bay in                               Massachusetts). 23 Aug 1775                Colonies declared in rebellion by Britain.  4 Jul 1776                Independence declared (United States of America)                             (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland,                               Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,                               New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,                               Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia). 25 May 1775 - 17 Mar 1776  British occupy Boston. 15 Sep 1776 - 25 Nov 1783  British occupy New York City. 26 Sep 1777 - 18 Jun 1778  British occupy Philadelphia. 29 Dec 1778 - 11 Jul 1782  British occupy Savannah. 12 May 1780 - 14 Dec 1782  British occupy Charleston.  2 Mar 1781                Articles of Confederation effective.  3 Sep 1783                Independence recognized by Great Britain.  4 Mar 1789                Constitution effective; 11 of the 13 original                               states have ratified it by that time. 21 Nov 1789                North Carolina ratifies Constitution. 29 May 1790                Rhode Island ratifies Constitution. 20 Dec 1803                Louisiana Territory purchased from France. 22 Feb 1819                Florida purchased from Spain. 29 Dec 1845                Texas annexed. 15 Jun 1846                Oregon Territory annexed.  2 Feb 1848                Mexican cession territories annexed (modern                              states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada,                              New Mexico, and Utah).  8 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865  Independence of 11 southern states                               (Confederate States of America)(Alabama,                              Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South                              Carolina Texas, Arkansas, North Carolina,                               Virginia, Tennessee, and parts of Missouri and                              Kentucky). 30 Mar 1867                Alaska purchased from Russian Empire.  7 Jul 1898                Hawaii annexed. U.S. States A to D F to K  L to M  N O to R S to U  V to W U.S. Cities A to L - M toW  U.S. Federal Government  Minor U.S. Territories  Native American Nations Vermont Government (1777-1791) Confederate States of America (1860-1865) California Republic (1846) West Florida Republic (1810) Kingdom of Hawaii (1795-1900) Republic of Texas (1835-1846)

Presidents of the ("Continental") Congress

 5 Sep 1774 - 22 Oct 1774  Peyton Randolph (1st time)         (b. 1721 - d. 1775)  Non-party

22 Oct 1774 - 26 Oct 1774  Henry Middleton                    (b. 1717 - d. 1784)  Non-party

10 May 1775 - 24 May 1775  Peyton Randolph (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Non-party

24 May 1775 - 29 Oct 1777  John Hancock                       (b. 1737 - d. 1793)  Non-party

29 Oct 1777 -  1 Nov 1777  Charles Thomson (acting)           (b. 1729 - d. 1824)  Non-party

 1 Nov 1777 -  9 Dec 1778  Henry Laurens                      (b. 1724 - d. 1792)  Non-party

10 Dec 1778 - 28 Sep 1779  John Jay                           (b. 1745 - d. 1829)  Non-party

28 Sep 1779 -  2 Mar 1781  Samuel Huntington                  (b. 1731 - d. 1796)  Non-party

Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled

 2 Mar 1781 - 10 Jul 1781  Samuel Huntington                  (s.a.)               Non-party

10 Jul 1781 -  4 Nov 1781  Thomas McKean                      (b. 1734 - d. 1817)  Non-party

 5 Nov 1781 -  3 Nov 1782  John Hanson                        (b. 1721 - d. 1783)  Non-party

 4 Nov 1782 -  2 Nov 1783  Elias Boudinot                     (b. 1740 - d. 1821)  Non-party

 3 Nov 1783 - 31 Oct 1784  Thomas Mifflin                     (b. 1744 - d. 1800)  Non-party

 3 Nov 1783 - 13 Dec 1783  Daniel Carroll (acting for Mifflin)(b. 1730 - d. 1796)  Non-party

30 Nov 1784 -  6 Nov 1785  Richard Henry Lee                  (b. 1732 - d. 1794)  Non-party

23 Nov 1785 -  5 Jun 1786  John Hancock                       (s.a.)               Non-party

23 Nov 1785 - 12 May 1786  David Ramsay (acting for Hancock)  (b. 1749 - d. 1815)  Non-party

15 May 1786 -  5 Nov 1786  Nathaniel Gorham                   (b. 1738 - d. 1796)  Non-party

                             (acting for Hancock to 5 Jun 1786)

 2 Feb 1787 -  4 Nov 1787  Arthur St. Clair                   (b. 1736 - d. 1818)  Non-party

22 Jan 1788 -  2 Mar 1789  Cyrus Griffin                      (b. 1748 - d. 1810)  Non-party

Speaker of the House of Representatives²

 1 Apr 1789 - 30 Apr 1789  Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg      (b. 1750 - d. 1801)  Fed

Presidents³

30 Apr 1789 -  4 Mar 1797  George Washington                  (b. 1732 - d. 1799)  Fed

 4 Mar 1797 -  4 Mar 1801  John Adams                         (b. 1735 - d. 1826)  Fed

 4 Mar 1801 -  4 Mar 1809  Thomas Jefferson                   (b. 1743 - d. 1826)  Dem-Rep

 4 Mar 1809 -  4 Mar 1817  James Madison                      (b. 1751 - d. 1836)  Dem-Rep

 4 Mar 1817 -  4 Mar 1825  James Monroe                       (b. 1758 - d. 1831)  Dem-Rep

 4 Mar 1825 -  4 Mar 1829  John Quincy Adams                  (b. 1767 - d. 1848)  Dem-Rep

 4 Mar 1829 -  4 Mar 1837  Andrew Jackson                     (b. 1767 - d. 1845)  Dem

 4 Mar 1837 -  4 Mar 1841  Martin Van Buren                   (b. 1782 - d. 1862)  Dem

 4 Mar 1841 -  4 Apr 1841  William Henry Harrison             (b. 1773 - d. 1841)  Whg

 4 Apr 1841 -  4 Mar 1845  John Tyler                         (b. 1790 - d. 1862)  Whg

 4 Mar 1845 -  4 Mar 1849  James Knox Polk                    (b. 1795 - d. 1849)  Dem

 5 Mar 1849 -  9 Jul 1850  Zachary Taylor                     (b. 1784 - d. 1850)  Whg

 9 Jul 1850 -  4 Mar 1853  Millard Fillmore                   (b. 1800 - d. 1874)  Whg

 4 Mar 1853 -  4 Mar 1857  Franklin Pierce                    (b. 1804 - d. 1869)  Dem

 4 Mar 1857 -  4 Mar 1861  James Buchanan                     (b. 1791 - d. 1868)  Dem

 3 Mar 1861 - 15 Apr 1865  Abraham Lincoln                    (b. 1809 - d. 1865)  Rep

15 Apr 1865 -  4 Mar 1869  Andrew Johnson                     (b. 1808 - d. 1875)  Dem

 4 Mar 1869 -  4 Mar 1877  Ulysses Simpson Grant              (b. 1822 - d. 1885)  Rep

 4 Mar 1877 -  4 Mar 1881  Rutherford Birchard Hayes          (b. 1822 - d. 1893)  Rep

 4 Mar 1881 - 19 Sep 1881  James Abram Garfield               (b. 1831 - d. 1881)  Rep

19 Sep 1881 -  4 Mar 1885  Chester Alan Arthur                (b. 1830 - d. 1886)  Rep

 4 Mar 1885 -  4 Mar 1889  Stephen Grover Cleveland           (b. 1837 - d. 1908)  Dem

                             (1st time)

 4 Mar 1889 -  4 Mar 1893  Benjamin Harrison                  (b. 1833 - d. 1901)  Rep

 4 Mar 1893 -  4 Mar 1897  Stephen Grover Cleveland           (s.a.)               Dem

                             (2nd time) 

 4 Mar 1897 - 14 Sep 1901  William McKinley                   (b. 1843 - d. 1901)  Rep

14 Sep 1901 -  4 Mar 1909  Theodore Roosevelt                 (b. 1858 - d. 1919)  Rep

 4 Mar 1909 -  4 Mar 1913  William Howard Taft                (b. 1857 - d. 1930)  Rep

 4 Mar 1913 -  4 Mar 1921  Woodrow Thomas Wilson              (b. 1856 - d. 1924)  Dem

 4 Mar 1921 -  2 Aug 1923  Warren Gamaliel Harding            (b. 1865 - d. 1923)  Rep

 2 Aug 1923 -  4 Mar 1929  John Calvin Coolidge               (b. 1872 - d. 1933)  Rep

 4 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Herbert Clark Hoover               (b. 1874 - d. 1964)  Rep

 4 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1945  Franklin Delano Roosevelt          (b. 1882 - d. 1945)  Dem

12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1953  Harry S. Truman                    (b. 1884 - d. 1972)  Dem

20 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  Dwight David Eisenhower            (b. 1890 - d. 1969)  Rep

20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963  John Fitzgerald Kennedy            (b. 1917 - d. 1963)  Dem

22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1969  Lyndon Baines Johnson              (b. 1908 - d. 1973)  Dem

20 Jan 1969 -  9 Aug 1974  Richard Milhous Nixon              (b. 1913 - d. 1994)  Rep

 9 Aug 1974 - 20 Jan 1977  Gerald Rudolph Ford                (b. 1913 - d. 2006)  Rep

20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  James "Jimmy" Earl Carter          (b. 1924)            Dem

20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989  Ronald Wilson Reagan               (b. 1911 - d. 2004)  Rep

20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  George Herbert Walker Bush         (b. 1924)            Rep

20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  William "Bill" Jefferson Clinton   (b. 1946)            Dem

20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009  George Walker Bush                 (b. 1946)            Rep

20 Jan 2009 -              Barack H. Obama                    (b. 1961)            Dem

 

  ¹A separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the U.S. Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin American descent (including persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin) living in the U.S. who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.) 

 ³On six occasions, a president took the oath of office one or (in Tyler's case) two days after the beginning of his term of office, either because the demise of the presidency was due to the death of the incumbent or because of religious scruples about swearing an oath on Sunday. These occasions are: Monroe 1821 (upon reelection), Tyler 1841, Taylor 1849, Fillmore 1850, Arthur 1881, Coolidge 1923. Although the oath is necessary for a president to "enter on the execution of the office," the presidential term itself begins on time. On two occasions the new president took the oath of office in public the day after the beginning of the term but, in view of the concerns voiced about earlier Sunday deferrals, had taken the oath in private (Hayes 1877 actually one day early). The beginnings of the terms are listed here, not the oath-taking dates. It may be noted in this context that there is no substance to the legend that David Rice Atchison (b. 1807 - d. 1886)(Dem) was president 4-5 Mar 1849. (If not being sworn in as president is held against Zachary Taylor's being president already from noon on 4 Mar 1849, it cannot be argued that another person, however qualified otherwise, could have been acting president without being sworn in that capacity).

Territorial Disputes: the U.S. has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea awaits Russian Duma ratification; managed  maritime boundary disputes with Canada at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; The Bahamas and U.S. have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or U.S. abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims Navassa Island; U.S. has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nations; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; the Bajo Nuevo Bank are claimed by Jamaica; the Serranilla Bank is possibly claimed by Colombia and Honduras; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution.

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, formerly D-R); Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-rightm, est.1854);
- Former parties: D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1794-1829, renamed Dem); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, pro-Federal govt., 1780's-1815); Whg = Whig Party (pro-federal govt., anti-Jacksonian, 1834-1854/60)

9 Jul 1860 - 4 Mar 1861                    4 Mar 1861 - 26 May 1863                  26 May 1863 - 4 Mar 1865                 4 Mar 1865 - 10 May 1865   Map of the Confederate States of America Hear National Anthem "God Save the South" (1861 - 1865) Popular Patriotic Song "Dixie" Constitution (11 Mar 1861) Capital:  Richmond (4 Feb 1861- 20 May 1861 Montgomery; 3 Apr 1865 - 10 Apr 1865  Danville) Currency: Confederate States Dollar  (CSAD) National Holiday: 4 Jul (1776) Independence Day Population: 9,103,332 (1860 est.) GDP: $N/A Exports: $ N/A Imports: $ N/A Armed Forces: 439,675 (1865) International Organizations/Treaties: None Confederate States Index Chronology    4 Feb 1861                Congress of secessionist states                              convenes in Montgomery, Alabama.  8 Feb 1861                Confederate States of America founded by                               Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,                              Mississippi, and South Carolina.  5 Mar 1861                Accession of Texas. 20 May 1861                Accession of Arkansas and North Carolina. 23 May 1861                Accession of Virginia. 22 Jul 1861                Accession of Tennessee. 28 Nov 1861                Accession of Missouri. 10 Dec 1861                Accession of Kentucky. 10 May 1865                President Davis captured in Irwinville,                              Georgia; Confederate government ended. Confederate Government (1861-1865)

Note: The states making up the Confederate States of America previously seceded from the United States; the secession of Missouri and Kentucky affected only geographic parts of

those states.

 

Chairman of the Congress

 4 Feb 1861 (hours)        Robert Woodward Barnwell           (b. 1801 - d. 1882)  Dem

President of the Congress

 4 Feb 1861 - 18 Feb 1861  Howell Cobb                        (b. 1815 - d. 1868)  Dem

President

18 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865  Jefferson Davis                    (b. 1808 - d. 1889)  Dem

             14 Jun 1846 - 7 Jul 1846

1821                       Province of Mexico.
14 Jun 1846 -  9 Jul 1846  California Republic proclaimed during the 
                             "Bear Flag Revolt" at Sonoma (ruling only
                             that small town).
 7 Jul 1846                California occupied by U.S. military.
 9 Sep 1850                State of the U.S.

President
14 Jun 1846 -  9 Jul 1846  William Brown Ide                 (b. 1796 - d. 1852)

                2 Oct 1810 - 10 Dec 1810

 2 Oct 1810                Republic of West Florida
10 Dec 1810                Incorporated into Louisiana.

Chairman of the Convention
 2 Oct 1810 - 10 Oct 1810  John Rhea                         (b. 1753 - d. 1832)
10 Oct 1810 - 24 Oct 1810  Committee of Public Safety
                           - John W. Leonard
                           - Edmund Hawes
                           - John H. Johnston                (b. 17.. - d. 1821)
24 Oct 1810 - 26 Nov 1810  Executive Committee
                           - John H. Johnston                (s.a.)
                           - John Mills
                           - Philip Hickey                   (b. 1778 - d. 1859)
                           - John Morgan
                           - William Barrow                  (b. 1765 - d. 1823)
Governor
26 Nov 1810 - 10 Dec 1810  Fulwar Skipwith                   (b. 1765 - d. 1839)

Kings¹
1795 -  8 May 1819         Kamehameha I "the Great"           (b. 1758? - d. 1819)
20 May 1819 - 14 Jul 1824  Kamehameha II                      (b. 1797 - d. 1824)
14 Jul 1824 -  6 May 1825  Queen Elisabeta Kaahumanu -Regent  (b. 1772? - d. 1832)
                            (regent [for Kamehameha II from 1823;
                             for Kamehameha III to 5 Jun 1832])
 6 May 1825 - 15 Dec 1854  Kamehameha III                     (b. 1814 - d. 1854)
Jun 1832 - Mar 1833        Kinau (Kaahumanu II) (f) -Regent   (b. 1805 - d. 1839)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843  Lord George Paulet -U.K. Commander (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul l843  Kekauluohi (f) -Regent             (b. 1794 - d. 1845)
15 Dec 1854 - 30 Nov 1863  Kamehameha IV                      (b. 1834 - d. 1863)
30 Nov 1863                Princess Victoria Kamamalu (f)     (b. 1838 - d. 1866)
                             (Kaahumanu IV) -Regent
30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872  Kamehameha V                       (b. 1830 - d. 1872)
11 Dec 1872 -  9 Jan 1873  Executive Ministry
                           - Ferdinand William Hutchison      (b. 1819 - d. 1893)
                           - Robert Stirling (1st time)
                           - Stephen Henry Phillips           (b. 1823 - d. 1897)
 9 Jan 1873 -  3 Feb 1874  William Charles Lunalilo           (b. 1835 - d. 1874)
 3 Feb 1874 - 13 Feb 1874  Executive Ministry
                           - Edwin Oscar Hall                 (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
                           - Charles Reed Bishop              (b. 1822 - d. 1915)
                           - Robert Stirling (2nd time)
                           - Albert Francis Judd              (b. 1838 - d. 1900)
13 Feb 1874 - 20 Jan 1891  David Kalakaua                     (b. 1836 - d. 1891)
Queen¹
20 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893  Liliuokalani                       (b. 1838 - d. 1917) 
                            (regent to 29 Jan 1891; formally abdicates 24 Jan 1895)
Chairman of the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety
14 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Henry Ernest Cooper (in rebellion) (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
Chairman of the Executive Council of the Provisional Government
17 Jan 1893 - 15 Feb 1893  Sanford Ballard Dole               (b. 1844 - d. 1926)
President of the Provisional Government
15 Feb 1893 -  4 Jul 1894  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)
President
 4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)

Kuhina Nui (Premiers)²
1819 -  5 Jun 1832         Elisabeta Kaahumanu (f)            (s.a.)
 5 Jun 1832 -  4 Apr 1839  Kinau (Kaahumanu II) (f)           (s.a.)
 5 Apr 1839 -  7 Jun 1845  Kekauluohi (Kaahumanu III) (f)     (s.a.)
10 Jun 1845 - 16 Jan 1855  John Kaleipahala Young II          (b. c.1810 - d. 1857)
                             (Keoni Ana Opio)
16 Jan 1855 - 21 Dec 1863  Victoria Kamamalu (f)(Kaahumanu IV)(s.a.)
1863 - 24 Aug 1864         Mataio Kekuanaoa                   (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
Ministers of Finance (de facto chief ministers from 1864)
24 Dec 1863 - 21 Dec 1865  Charles de Varigny                 (b. 1829 - d. 1899)
21 Dec 1865 - 21 Dec 1869  Charles Coffin Harris              (b. 1822 - d. 1881)
21 Dec 1869 - 25 Aug 1872  James Mott Smith (1st time)        (b. 1824 - d. 1895)
10 Sep 1872 - 17 Feb 1874  Robert Stirling
17 Feb 1874 - 31 Oct 1874  Paul Nahaolelua                    (b. 1806 - d. 1875) 
31 Oct 1874 –  5 Dec 1876  J.S. Walker (1st time)
 5 Dec 1876 -  3 Jul 1878  John Makini Kapena (1st time)      (b. 1842 - d. 1884)
 3 Jul 1878 - 14 Aug 1880  Simon K. Kaai (1st time)           (b. c.1818 - d. c.1868)
14 Aug 1880 - 27 Sep 1880  M. Kuaea
27 Sep 1880 - 20 May 1882  J.S. Walker (2nd time)
20 May 1882 -  8 Aug 1882  J.E. Bush
 8 Aug 1882 - 13 Feb 1883  Simon K. Kaai (2nd time)           (s.a.)
13 Feb 1883 -  1 Sep 1885  John Makini Kapena (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1885 - 30 Jun 1886  Charles Thomas Gulick (interim)    (b. 1841 - d. ....)
30 Jun 1886 -  1 Jul 1887  Paul P. Kanoa 
 1 Jul 1887 - 22 Jul 1889  Godfrey Brown (1st time)
22 Jul 1889 - 17 Jun 1890  Samuel Mills Damon (1st time)      (b. 1845 - d. 1924)
17 Jul 1890 - 25 Feb 1891  Godfrey Brown (2nd time)
25 Feb 1891 - 10 Mar 1891  Hermann A. Wideman (1st time)
10 Mar 1891 - 28 Jun 1891  Samuel Parker (acting)(1st time)
28 Jul 1892 - 17 Oct 1891  James Mott Smith (2nd time)        (s.a.)
17 Oct 1891 - 28 Jan 1892  Samuel Parker (acting)(2nd time) 
28 Jul 1892 - 12 Sep 1892  Hermann A. Wideman (2nd time)
12 Sep 1892 -  1 Nov 1892  E.C. Macfarlane
 1 Nov 1892 -  8 Nov 1892  William M. Cornwell (1st time)
 8 Nov 1892 - 13 Jan 1893  Peter Cushman Jones (1st time)     (b. 1837 - d. 1922) 
13 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  William M. Cornwell (2nd time)

U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 
23 Sep 1889 - 18 May 1893  John Leavitt Stevens               (b. 1820 - d. 1895)
                             (to 6 Dec 1889, Minister Resident)
Special Commissioner
23 May 1893 -  8 Aug 1893  James Henderson Blount             (b. 1837 - d. 1903)
U.S. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
 7 Nov 1893 -  6 Jan 1897  Albert Shelby Willis               (b. 1843 - d. 1897)
22 Apr 1897 - 12 Aug 1898  Harold Marsh Sewall                (b. 1860 - d. 1924)
Special Agent
12 Aug 1898 - 14 Jun 1900  Harold Marsh Sewall                (s.a.)

1810                       Subject to Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands
 1 Jul 1816 -  7 Jul 1817  Russian America Company colony at Fort Elizabeth
                             near Waimea (and 8 Oct 1816 Forts Alexander and Barclay).
26 May 1824                Separate monarchy extinct.

Kings
.... - 1730                Kualii                             (d. 1730)
1730 - 1770                Peleioholani                       (d. 1770)
1770 - 1795                Kamakahelai (f)
1795 - 26 May 1824         George Kaumualii                   (b. c.1780 - d. 1824)
                             (from 1821, prisoner in Honolulu)

Russian Governor at Fort Elizabeth
 1 Jul 1816 -  7 Jul 1817  Georg Anton Scheffer (Schäffer)    (b. 1779 - d. 1836)

1783                       Annexes Oahu.
 1 May 1795                Part of Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands.

Kings
.... - 17..                Lonohonuakini
17.. - 17..                Kaulahea II
17.. - 1736                Kekaulike Kuihonoikamoku           (d. 1736)
1736 - 1765                Kamehamehanui Ailuau               (d. 1765)
1765 - 1794                Kahekili II                        (b. c.1737 - d. 1794)
1794 - Jul 1794            Kaeokulani                         (d. 1794)
Jul 1794 -  1 May 1795     Kalanikupule                       (d. 1795)

1783                       Conquered by Kingdom of Maui.

Kings 
.... - 1730                Kualii                             (d. 1730)
1730 - 1737                Kapionookalani                     (d. 1737)
1737 - 1738                Kanahaokalani                      (d. 1738)
1738 - 1770                Peleioholani                       (d. 1770)
1770 - 1773                Kumahana
1773 - 1783                Kaneoneo                           (d. 1785)

 ¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) 1810 -  14 Jun 1852: Ali‘i Nui ("King"). The traditional style of the rulers of the major Hawaiian polities is Ali‘i Nui, literally "Great Chief." This style is adopted in the Hawaiian-language text of the Constitution of 6 Oct 1840. The English-language text uses the style "King";
(b) 14 Jun 1852 -  6 Jul 1887: Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(c) 30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872 in some documents: Ma ka Lokomaika‘i o ke Akua, Ke Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("by the grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(d)  6 Jul 1887 - 29 Jan 1891: Mo‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(e) 29 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893: Mo‘i Wahine o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("Queen of the Hawaiian Islands"). 

  ²The Hawaiian office most commonly translated as that of 'Prime minister' is Kuhina nui. The office was created in 1819 upon the death of Kamehameha I. Kamehameha's favorite wife, Ka‘ahumanu, reported that it was the King's wish that she become in effect the co-sovereign along with the King's young son. In her position as Kuhina nui she ruled the Kingdom until Kamehameha II came to majority and then for the remainder of her life. The Kuhina nui's power was greater than that of a prime minister in the western sense. The Constitution of 1864 abolished the office of Kuhina nui returning the power held by the Kuhina nui back to the 
monarch.

Governors
15 Nov 1835 - 11 Jan 1836  Henry Smith                        (b. 1788 - d. 1851)
                             (in opposition to 1 Mar 1836)
11 Jan 1836 -  1 Mar 1836  James W. Robinson (acting)         (b. 1790 - d. 1857)
President of the Convention
 2 Mar 1836 - 17 Mar 1836  Richard Ellis                      (b. 1781 - d. 1846)
Presidents
17 Mar 1836 - 22 Oct 1836  David Gouverneur Burnet            (b. 1788 - d. 1870)
22 Oct 1836 - 10 Dec 1838  Sam Houston (1st time)             (b. 1793 - d. 1863)
10 Dec 1838 - 13 Dec 1841  Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar          (b. 1798 - d. 1859)
13 Dec 1841 -  9 Dec 1844  Sam Houston (2nd time)             (s.a.)
 9 Dec 1844 - 19 Feb 1846  Anson Jones                        (b. 1798 - d. 1858)