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Venezuela
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![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
![[Venezuela Flag of Junta of Defense 1810-1811]](ve_1810a.gif)
![[Venezuela flag 1811-1812,1813-1814]](ve_1811.jpg)
![[Flag of Venezuela 1817-1819]](co_1819e.gif)
![[Great Colombia Federal Republic (1819-1834)]](co_1819.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1830-1836]](ve_h1830.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1836-1863]](ve-1836.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1859]](ve_1859.gif)
![[Venezuela civil ensign 1863-1905]](ve-6.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1905-1930]](ve_1905.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1930-2006]](ve_p06s.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag]](ve.gif)
Governors
1527 - 1529
Juan Martínez de Ampies
1529 - 1531
Ambrose von Alfinger (b. c.1500 - d. 1533)
1531 - 1533 Bartolomé de Santillana
(Bartholomew Sayler)
1534 - 1535
Rodrigo de Bastidas (1st time) (b. 1445 - d. 1527)
1535 - 1540 Jorge de Espira (Georg Hoemuth)
1540 - 1542
Rodrigo de Bastidas (2nd time) (s.a.)
1542 - 1544
Heinrich Rembolt
1545 - 1546
Juan de Carvajal
1546 - 1549
Juan Pérez de Tolosa
1549 - 1553
Juan de Villegas Maldonaldo
1553 - 1557
Alonso Arias de Villasinda
1557 - 1559
Gutiérrez de la Peña Langayo
1559 - 1561
Pablo Collado
1562 - 1563
Alonso Pérez de Manzanedo
1564 - 1566
Alonso Bernáldez de Quirós
1566 - 1569
Fray Pedro Ponce de León (d. 1584)
y Riquelme
29 Aug 1569 - 1570
Francisco Hernández de Chaves
(acting)
1570 - 1576
Diego de Mazariegos
1576 - 1583
Juan de Pimentel
1583 - 1589
Luis de Rojas y Mendoza
1589 - 1597
Diego de Osorio
1591 - 1600
Gonzalo de Piña y Ludueña
1600 - 1602
Alonso Aria Vaca
1602 - 1603
Alonso Suárez del Castillo
1603 - 1606
Francisco Mejía de Godoy
1606 - 1611
Sancho de Alquiza
1611 - 1616
García Girón de Loayza
1616 - 1621
Francisco de la Hoz Berrío
1621 - 1623
Juan Treviño Guillamas
1623
Diego Gil de la Sierpe
1624 - 1630
Juan Manuel Manrique de Meneses (b. c.1595 - d. 1645)
y Padilla, marqués de Marianela
1630 - 1637
Pedro Núñez Melián
1637 - 1644
Ruy Fernández de Fuenmayor
1644 - 1649
Marcos Gedler Calatayud y Toledo
1649 - 1651
Pedro de León Villaroel
1652 - 1653
Diego Francisco de Quero y Figueroa
1654 - 1655
Martín de Roble y Villafañe
1656 - 1658
Andrés de Vera y Moscoso
1658 - 1664
Pedro de Porres Toledo y
Vozmediano, conde de Dabois
1664 - 1669
Félix Garcí-González de León
1669 - 1673
Fernando de Villegas
1673 - 1674
Francisco Dávila Orejón y Gastón
1674 - 1677
Alcaldes
1677 - 1682
Francisco de Alberró
1682 - 1688
Diego de Melo Maldonaldo
1688 - 1692
Diego Jiménez de Enciso, marqués
de Casal de los Griegos
1692 - 1693
Francisco Bartolomé Bravo de Anaya
1693 - 1699
Francisco de Berroterán y Gainza, (b. c.1661 - d. 1713)
marqués del Valle de Santiago
(1st time)
1699 - 1704
Nicolás Eugenio de Ponte y Hoyo
1704 - 1706
Francisco de Berrotarán y Gainza,
marqués del Valle de Santiago
(2nd time)
1706 - 1711
Fernando de Rojas y Mendoza
1711 - 1714
José Francisco de Cañas y Merino
1715 - 1716
Alberto Bertodano y Navarra
1716 - 1720
Marcos Francisco de Betancourt y
Castro
1721
Antonio José Álvarez de Abreu
1721 - 1724
Diego de Portales y Meneses
Alcaldes
24 Feb 1724 - 1 Jan 1725 Francisco Carlos de Herrera
+ Ruy Fernández de Fuenmayor
1 Jan 1725 - 25 Jun 1726 Gerónimo de Rada
+ Miguel Rengifo Pimentel
25 Jun 1726 - 15 Jul 1726 Domingo Antonio de Tovar
+ Diego Antonio de Liendo y Blanco
Governors
15 Jul 1726 - 29 Jun 1728 Diego Portales y Meneses
29 Jun 1728 - 31 Aug 1730 Lope Carrillo de Andrade Sotomayor
y Pimentel
31 Aug 1730 - 15 Dec 1732 Sebastián García
de la Torre
15 Dec 1732 - 6 Oct 1737 Martín de Lardizábal
y Elorza
6 Oct 1736 - 12 Jun 1747 Gabriel de Zuloaga,
conde de al Torre Alta
12 Jun 1747 - 1 Dec 1749 Luis Francisco de Castellanos
1 Dec 1749 - 22 Jun 1751 Julián de Arriaga y
Rivera
22 Jun 1751 - 9 Sep 1757 Felipe Ricardos
9 Sep 1757 - 12 Nov 1763 Felipe de Estenoz
12 Nov 1763 - 4 Apr 1771 José Solano y Bote,
(b. 1726 - d. 1806)
marqués del Socorro
4 Apr 1771 - 21 Oct 1771 Felipe de Font de Viela y
Ondiano,
marqués de la Torre
21 Oct 1771 - 25 Feb 1772 Francisco de Arce
25 Feb 1772 - 17 Jun 1777 José Carlos de Agüero
17 Jun 1777 - 8 Sep 1777 Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga (b. 1721 - d. 1790)
Governors and Captain-generals
8 Sep 1777 - 10 Dec 1782 Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga (s.a.)
10 Dec 1782 - 24 Dec 1782 Pedro de Nava
24 Dec 1782 - 14 Feb 1786 Manuel González de Aguilar Torres
de Navarra
14 Feb 1786 - 1 Oct 1792 Juan José de Guillelmi y Andrada- (b. 1744 - d. 18..)
Vanderwilde
1 Oct 1792 - Jan 1799 Pedro Carbonell Pinto Vigo y Correa
Jan 1799 - 6 Apr 1799 Joaquín de Subillaga
6 Apr 1799 - 9 Oct 1807 Manuel de Guevara y Vasconcelos
(b. 1740 - d. 1807)
9 Oct 1807 - 19 May 1809 Juan de Casas y Barrera
(b. 1740 - d. 18..)
19 May 1809 - 19 Apr 1810 Vicente de Emparan y Orbe
(b. 1747 - d. 1820)
29 Apr 1810 - 22 Jun 1812 Fernando Miyares y Gonzáles
(b. 1749 - d. 1818)
3 Sep 1812 - 28 Dec 1813
Juan Domingo de Monteverde
(b. 1772 - d. 1832)
28 Dec 1813 - 14 Aug 1814 Juan Manuel Cajigal
14 Aug 1814 - 5 Dec 1814 José Tomás Boves Rodríguez
(b. 1782 - d. 1814)
5 Dec 1814 - Apr 1815
Francisco Tomás Morales (1st time) (b. 1791 - d. 1844)
(acting)
Apr 1815 - 1 Dec 1820 Pablo Morillo y Morillo (b. 1775 - d. 1837)
1 Dec 1820 - 4 Jul 1822 Miguel de La Torre y Pando (b. 1786 - d. 1843)
(nominally from 24 Jun 1821)
4 Jul 1822 - Dec 1823 Francisco Tomás Morales (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)(nominal)
Presidents of Junta in Defense of the Rule of Fernando VII (later,
Revolutionary Junta)
19 Apr 1810 - Aug 1810 José de las
Llamosas
Aug 1810 - 2 Mar 1811 Martín
Tovar Ponte (b. 1772 - d. 1843)
President of the General Congress of the United Provinces of
Venezuela
2 Mar 1811 - 28 Mar 1811 Felipe Fermín Paúl
(b. 1777 - d. 1843)
Supreme Executive Power (president rotating weekly)
28 Mar 1811 - 3 Apr 1812 First Triumvirate¹
- José Cristóbal Hurtado de
(b. 1772 - d. 1829)
Mendoza y Montilla
- Juan de Escalona y Ruiz de
(b. 1768 - d. 1833)
Arguinzones
- Baltasar Padrón
(b. 17.. - d. 1817)
3 Apr 1812 - 19 May 1812 Second Triumvirate (provisional)
(continuing nominally to 25 Jul 1812)
- Francisco Javier Mayz y Márquez (b. 1766
- d. 1833)
de Valenzuela (to Apr 1812)
- Fernando Rodríguez del Toro e
(b. 1772 - d. 1822)
Ibarra (from Apr 1812)
- Juan Germán Roscio Nieves
(b. 1763 - d. 1821)
(from Apr 1812)
- Francisco Javier de Ustáriz y
(b. 1772 - d. 1814)
Mijares de Solórzano
- Francisco Silvestre Espejo
(b. 1758 - d. 1814)
Caamaño
Generals-in-Chief
19 May 1812 - 25 Jul 1812 Sebastián Francisco de Miranda
y (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
Rodríguez
8 Aug 1813 - 14 Oct 1813 Simón José Antonio
de la Santísima (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Liberator
14 Oct 1813 - 8 Sep 1814 Simón José Antonio
de la Santísima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Supreme Chief
7 May 1816 - 15 Feb 1819 Simón José Antonio
de la Santísima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
9 May 1817 - 31 May 1817 Abortive attempt at restoring
the
United States of Venezuela and its
Supreme Executive Power
- Francisco Javier Mayz y
(s.a.)
Márquez de Valenzuela
- Juan Francisco Antonio
(b. 1766 - d. 1822)
Hilarión Zea y Díaz
(alternate to Bolívar [s.a.], who did not accept
office)
- José Joaquín Cortés de
(b. 1766 - d. 1826)
Madariaga y Lecuna
(alternate to del Toro [s.a.], who did not take office)
Presidents
15 Feb 1819
Francisco Antonio Hilarión Zea y (s.a.)
Díaz (acting)
15 Feb 1819 - 17 Dec 1819 Simón José Antonio
de la Santísima (s.a.)
Mil
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
(acting to 17 Feb 1819)
13 Jan 1830 - 20 Jan 1835 José Antonio Páez
Herrera (b. 1790
- d. 1873) PC
(1st time)(Chief of State to 27 May 1830,
President of the State to 11 Apr 1831)
20 Jan 1835 - 9 Feb 1835 Andrés Narvarte Pimentel
(1st time)(b. 1781 - d. 1853) PC
(acting)
9 Feb 1835 - 8 Jul 1835 José María
de los Dolores Vargas (b. 1786 - d. 1854) PC
Ponce (1st time)
8 Jul 1835 - 13 Jul 1835 Pedro Briceño Méndez
(provisional) (b. 1792 - d. 1835) PC
13 Jul 1835 - 28 Jul 1835 Santiago Mariño Carige
(b. 1788 - d. 1854) PC
(Superior Chief of State)
28 Jul 1835 - 20 Aug 1835 José María Carreño
Blanco (b. 1792 -
d. 1849) PC
(1st time) (acting)
20 Aug 1835 - 24 Apr 1836 José María de los
Dolores Vargas (s.a.)
PC
Ponce (2nd time)
24 Apr 1836 - 20 Jan 1837 Andrés Narvarte Pimentel
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time) (acting)
20 Jan 1837 - 11 Mar 1837 José María Carreño
Blanco
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Mar 1837 - 1 Feb 1839 Carlos Valentín José
de la Soledad (b. 1789 - d. 1870) PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette y
Jerez de Aristeguieta
(1st time) (acting)
1 Feb 1839 - 20 Jan 1843 José Antonio Páez
Herrera
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
20 Jan 1843 - 28 Jan 1843 Santos Michelena y Rojas Queipo
(b. 1797 - d. 1848) PC
(acting)
28 Jan 1843 - 20 Jan 1847 Carlos Valentín José
de la Soledad (s.a.)
PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette y
Jerez de Aristeguieta
(acting) (2nd time)
20 Jan 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Diego Bautista García
de Urbaneja (b. 1782 - d. 1856) PC
y Sturdy (acting)
1 Mar 1847 - 20 Jan 1851 José Tadeo Monagas
Burgos (b. 1784 -
d. 1868) Mil/PL
(1st time)
20 Jan 1851 - 5 Feb 1851 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
García (b. 1801 - d. 1884)
(acting)
5 Feb 1851 - 20 Jan 1855 José Gregorio Monagas
Burgos (b. 1795 - d. 1858) Mil/PL
20 Jan 1855 - 31 Jan 1855 Joaquín Herrera y Valdés
(acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1884)
31 Jan 1855 - 15 Mar 1858 José Tadeo Monagas Burgos
(s.a.)
Mil/PL
(2nd time)
15 Mar 1858 - 18 Mar 1858 Pedro José Ramón
Gual Escandón (b. 1783 - d. 1862)
Cen
(1st time)(President of Provisional Government)
18 Mar 1858 - 2 Aug 1859 Julián Castro Contreras
(b. 1805 - d. 1875) Cen
(Supreme Chief of Liberating Army to 26 Jul 1858,
Provisional Chief of State 26 Jul 1858 - 5 Jan 1859,
then interim president)
1 Aug 1859 - 1859
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón y Zavarce (b. 1820 - d.
1870) Fed
(1st time)(Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
2 Aug 1859 - 29 Sep 1859 Pedro José Ramón
Gual Escandón (s.a.)
Cen
(2nd time) (acting)
29 Sep 1859 - 20 May 1861 Manuel Felipe de Tovar y de Tovar
(b. 1803 - d. 1866) Cen
(acting; interim to 12 Apr 1860)
21 May 1861 - 10 Sep 1861 Pedro José Gual Escandón
(3rd time)(s.a.)
Cen
(acting)
10 Sep 1861 - 17 Jun 1863 José Antonio Páez Herrera
(s.a.)
Fed
(Supreme Chief) (3rd time)
17 Jun 1863 - 24 Jul 1863 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (b. 1829 - d. 1899) Fed
(1st time) (acting)
24 Jul 1863 - 18 Mar 1865 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
y Zavarce (s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time)(provisional [in rebellion from 22 May 1863])
18 Mar 1865 - 7 Jun 1865 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time) (acting)
7 Jun 1865 - 27 Jun 1868 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
y Zavarce (s.a.)
Fed
(3rd time)
27 Jun 1868 - 28 Jun 1868 José Tadeo Monagas Burgos
(s.a.)
Mil/PL
(3rd time)(General-in-Chief of Armies of the Revolution)
28 Jun 1868 - 8 Mar 1869 Guillermo Tell Villegas (1st
time) (b. 1823 - d. 1907) PL
(president of the National Executive;
acting president from 22 Feb 1869)
8 Mar 1869 - 20 Mar 1870 José Ruperto Saturnino
Monagas (b. 1831 - d. 1880) Uni
Oriach (acting)
20 Mar 1870 - 11 Apr 1870 Juan Vicente González Delgado
(b. 1825 - d. 1902)
(acting)
11 Apr 1870 - 27 Apr 1870 Esteban de Palacios y Vegas
(b. 1835 - d. 1876)
(acting)
27 Apr 1870 - 20 Feb 1877 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (s.a.)
PL
(3rd time)(General-in-Chief to 22 Jul 1870,
provisional to 27 Apr 1873)
21 Feb 1877 - 2 Mar 1877 Jacinto Gutiérrez y
Martínez de (b. 1808 - d. 1884) PL
Alemán (1st time) (acting)
2 Mar 1877 - 30 Nov 1878 Francisco de Paula Linares
(b. 1825 - d. 1878) PL
Alcántara
30 Nov 1878 - 1 Jan 1879 Jacinto Gutiérrez y
Martínez de (s.a.)
PL
Alemán (2nd time) (acting)
1 Jan 1879 - 13 Feb 1879 José Gregorio Valera
Linares
(acting)
13 Feb 1879 - 26 Feb 1879 José Gregorio Cedeño
(b. 1830 - d. 1891) PL
(Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 29 Dec 1878])
26 Feb 1879 - 8 May 1879 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (s.a.)
PL
(4th time)(Supreme Director)
8 May 1879 - 12 May 1879 José Rafael Pacheco
Rodríguez (b. 1829 - d. 1884)
PL
(acting)
12 May 1879 - 27 Apr 1884 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (s.a.)
PL
(5th time)(provisional to 17 Mar 1880)
27 Apr 1884 - 27 Apr 1886 Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús
Crespo (b. 1841 - d. 1898) PL
Torres (1st time)
27 Apr 1886 - 15 Sep 1886 Manuel Antonio Díez y López de (b. 1838 - d. 1916) PL
Umérez (acting)
15 Sep 1886 - 5 Jul 1888 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán
Blanco (s.a.)
PL
(6th time)
5 Jul 1888 - 19 Mar 1890 Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl
(b. 1826 - d. 1905) PL
19 Mar 1890 - 17 Jun 1892 Raimundo Ignacio Andueza Palacio
(b. 1846 - d. 1900) PL
17 Jun 1892 - 2 Sep 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas (2nd
time) (s.a.)
PL
(acting)
2 Sep 1892 - 6 Oct 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas
Pulido (b. 1854 - d. 1949) PL
(acting)
7 Oct 1892 - 28 Feb 1894 Joaquín Sinforiano
de Jesús Crespo (s.a.)
PL
Torres (2nd time)
(acting Chief to 15 Jun 1893, then provisional)
28 Feb 1894 - 14 Mar 1894 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez
(1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1912)
(acting)
14 Mar 1894 - 20 Feb 1898 Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús
Crespo (s.a.)
PL
Torres (3rd time)
20 Feb 1898 - 28 Feb 1898 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
28 Feb 1898 - 20 Oct 1899 Ignacio Andrade Troconis
(b. 1839 - d. 1925) PL
20 Oct 1899 - 23 Oct 1899 Víctor Rodríguez
Párraga (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
23 Oct 1899 - 11 Aug 1909 José Cipriano Castro Ruiz
(b. 1858 - d. 1924) PLR
(Supreme Chief to 9 Mar 1901;
provisional president 9 Mar 1901 - 20 Feb 1902
and 6 May 1904 - 10 Jun 1905)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Apr 1910 Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón
(b. 1857 - d. 1935) PLR
(1st time)(provisional; acting
for suspended Castro to 11 Aug 1909)
19 Apr 1910 - 29 Apr 1910 Emilio Constantino Guerrero
(b. 1866 - d. 1920) Non-party
Guerrero (acting)
29 Apr 1910 - 3 Jun 1910 Jesús Ramón
Ayala (acting) (b. c.1842 - d. 1920)
3 Jun 1910 - 19 Apr 1914 Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(2nd time)
19 Apr 1914 - 24 Jun 1922 Victorino Márquez Bustillos
(b. 1858 - d. 1941) PLR
(provisional)
24 Jun 1922 - 19 Apr 1929 Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(3rd time)
19 Apr 1929 - 13 Jun 1931 Juan Bautista Pérez
(b. 1869 - d. 1952) PD
(acting to 31 May 1929)
13 Jun 1931 - 13 Jul 1931 Pedro Itriago Chacín (acting)
(b. 1875 - d. 1936) PLR
13 Jul 1931 - 17 Dec 1935 Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(4th time)
17 Dec 1935 - 18 Dec 1935 Cabinet ministers
- Pedro Rafael Tinoco Smith
- Pedro Itriago Chacín (s.a.)
- José Eleazar López Contreras (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
Mil
- Efraín González Cárdenas
- Rafael Cayama Martínez
- Antonio Díaz González
- Rafael González Rincones (b. 1885 - d. 1958)
- Henrique Toledo Trujillo
18 Dec 1935 - 19 Apr 1936 José Eleazar López
Contreras (s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)(acting to 31 Dec 1935)
19 Apr 1936 - 29 Apr 1936 Arminio Borjas Pérez (acting)
(b. 1868 - d. 1942)
29 Apr 1936 - 5 May 1941 José Eleazar López
Contreras (s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)(acting from 19 Apr 1941)
5 May 1941 - 19 Oct 1945 Isaías Medina Angarita
(b. 1897 - d. 1953) Mil/PDV
19 Oct 1945 - 15 Feb 1948 Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt
Bello (b. 1908 - d. 1981) Mil
(1st time)(chairman Revolutionary Junta)
15 Feb 1948 - 24 Nov 1948 Rómulo Ángel del
Monte Carmelo (b. 1884 - d. 1969) AD
Gallegos Freire
24 Nov 1948 - 2 Dec 1952 Military Junta
- Carlos Román Delgado Chalbaud
(b. 1909 - d. 1950) Mil
Gómez (to 13 Nov 1950)(chairman)
- Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (b.
1914 - d. 2001) Mil
- Luis Felipe Llovera Páez Secocín (b.
1913 - d. 1977) Mil
- German Suárez Flamerich
(b. 1907 - d. 1990) Mil
(from 27 Nov 1950)(chairman)
2 Dec 1952 - 23 Jan 1958 Marcos Evangelista Pérez
Jiménez (s.a.)
Mil
(provisional to 19 Apr 1953)
23 Jan 1958 - 14 Nov 1958 Wolfgang Enrique Larrazábal
Ugueto (b. 1911 - d. 2003) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
14 Nov 1958 - 13 Feb 1959 Edgar Sanabria Arcia
(b. 1911 - d. 1989) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
13 Feb 1959 - 11 Mar 1964 Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt
Bello (s.a.)
AD
(2nd time)
11 Mar 1964 - 11 Mar 1969 Raúl Leoni Otero
(b. 1905 - d. 1972) AD
11 Mar 1969 - 12 Mar 1974 Rafael Caldera Rodríguez
(1st time)(b. 1916)
COPEI
12 Mar 1974 - 12 Mar 1979 Carlos Andrés Pérez
Rodríguez (b. 1922)
AD
(1st time)
12 Mar 1979 - 2 Feb 1984 Luis Herrera Campins
(b. 1925 - d. 2007) COPEI
2 Feb 1984 - 2 Feb 1989 Jaime Ramón Lusinchi
(b. 1924)
AD
2 Feb 1989 - 31 Aug 1993 Carlos Andrés Pérez
Rodríguez (s.a.)
AD
(2nd time)(suspended from 21 May 1993)
21 May 1993 - 5 Jun 1993 Octavio Lepage Barreto
(b. 1923)
AD
(acting for suspended Pérez)
5 Jun 1993 - 2 Feb 1994 Ramón José
Velásquez Mujica (b.
1916)
Non-party
(interim; acting for suspended Pérez to 31 Aug
1993)
2 Feb 1994 - 2 Feb 1999 Rafael Caldera Rodríguez
(2nd time)(s.a.)
CD
2 Feb 1999 - 12 Apr 2002 Hugo Rafael Chávez
Frías (1st time)(b. 1954)
MVR
11 Apr 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Efrain Vasquez Velasco
Mil
(chairman of the military commission,
in rebellion)
12 Apr 2002 - 13 Apr 2002 Pedro Carmona Estanga
(b. 1941)
Non-party
(president of transitional government on 12 Apr 2002)
13 Apr 2002 - 14 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rondón
(acting) (b. 1963)
MVR
14 Apr 2002 -
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (2nd time)(s.a.)
MVR:2007 PSUV
Executive vice-presidents
24 Jan 2000 - 28 Dec 2000 Julían Isaías Rodríguez
Daíz (b. 1942)
MVR
28 Dec 2000 - 13 Jan 2002 Adina Mercedes Bastidas Castillo(f)(b. 1943)
MVR
13 Jan 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rondón
(1st time) (s.a.)
MVR
14 Apr 2002 - 5 May 2002 Diosdado Cabello Rondón
(2nd time) (s.a.)
MVR
5 May 2002 - 8 Jan 2007 José Vicente Rangel
Vale (b. 1929)
MVR
8 Jan 2007 - 6 Jan 2008 Jorge Rodríguez Gómez
(b. 1965) MVR
6 Jan 2008 - Ramón Alonso Carrizales Rengifo (b. 1952)
PSUV
¹The weekly rotating chairmanship was occasionally held by alternate members: Manuel Moreno de Mendoza (b. 1755 - d. 1841)(alternate to Mendoza), Mauricio Ayala Soriano (b. 1774 - d. 1813)(alternate to Escalona), and perhaps also Andrés Narvarte (b. 1781 - d. 1853)(alternate to Padrón).
Territorial Disputes: Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana as Guayana Esequiba or Zona en Reclamación, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim.
Party abbreviations: AD = Accion Democrática
(Democratic Action, social-democratic);
CD = Convergencia (Democratic Convergence, split from COPEI); COPEI = Partido Social
Cristiano de Venezuela (Social Christian Party of Venezuela, christian-democratic); PSUV
= Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (United Socialist Party of Venezuela,
est.Oct 2007 merger of pro-Chavez leftist parties incl. MVR); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: Cen = Centralista (Centralist,
anti-federalist, conservative);
Fed = Federalista (Federalist, liberal);
MVR
= Movimiento Quinta República (Movement for the Fifth Republic,
authoritarian-leftist, Hugo Chávez personalist); PC = Partido
Conservador (Conservative Praty); PD = Partido Democrata (Democratic Party); PDV =
Partido Democratico Venezolano (Venezuelan Democratic Party); PL
= Partido Liberal (Liberal Party); PLR = Partido Liberal Restaurador
(Liberal Restoration Party); Uni = Unitarian
Aves Island
1587
Claimed for Spain by Avaro Sanzze (Isla de Aves),
not settled; island is later occupied by the English,
Dutch and Portuguese.
1859
Occupied by Venezuela, evicting Dutch and America
traders.
30 Jun 1865 Arbitration awards sovereignty over Aves to Venezuela.
23 Aug 1972
Island made a nature preserve.
28 Mar 1978
Venezuela agreed its maritime borders with the U.S. between
Aves and Puerto Rico
30 Mar 1978
Netherlands-Venezuela agreement gives full effect to Aves
which creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending
over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
2 Jun 1978
Venezuelan Navy establishes Simón Bolívar Scientific Naval
Base.
17 Jun 1980
Venezuela agreed with France on the maritime border between
Aves and Guadeloupe and Martinique.
©2000 Ben Cahoon