Republic of Korea (South Korea)
-
- before 27 Jan 1883
-
|
-
- 27 Jan 1883 - 29
Aug 1910
- (in use from 22 Aug
1882)
-
|
-
- 15 Feb 1906 - 30
Sep 1910
- Resident's Flag
-
|
-
- 29 Aug 1910 - 15
Aug 1945
-
|
-
- 9 Sep 1945 - 15 Aug
1948
|
-
- 15 Aug 1945 - 8
Sep 1945;
- 15 Aug 1948 - 25 Jan
1950
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-
- Adopted 25 Jan
1950
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|
Map
of South Korea |
Hear National Anthem
"Aegukka"
(Patriotic Song) |
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 15 Aug 1948
|
Constitution
(17 Jul 1948)
|
Capital:
Seoul
(Gyeongseong
5 Aug 1945 - 27 Sep 1946;
Daejeon 28 Jun -
20 Jul 1950;
Daegu 20-27 Jul 1950;
Busan [provisional]
27 Jul 1950-15 Aug 1953)
|
Currency:
South Korean
Won (KRW); 1945-46 Korea
Military Won (KROM);
1946-1949 Allied A-Yen (JPA) |
National
Holiday:
15 Aug (1945)
Gwangbokjeol
(Liberation Day) |
Population:
52,081,799 (2024)
27,275,000 (1945) |
GDP: $2.61
trillion (2023)
|
Exports:
$769.5 billion (2023)
Imports:
$761.1 billion (2023)
|
Ethnic groups:
South Korean 95.1%, foreign
nationality 4.9%
(largely Chinese, also includes
Vietnamese, Thai, U.S., others, )
(2019)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 500,000 (2024)
U.S. Military
Forces: 24,159 (2023)
Merchant marine:
2,149 ships (2023)
|
Religions:
Protestant 17%, Buddhist 16%, Roman
Catholic 6%,
none 60% (2021)
note: many people also carry on at least
some Confucian traditions and practices.
|
International
Organizations/Treaties (from
1948): AC (observer), ACS (observer),
ADB, AfDB (nonregional), AG, AIIB, ANT (consultative),
APA, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue
partner), BCIE (nonregional), BIS, BSEC
(dialogue partner), BTWC, CD, CICA,
CP, CTBT, CWC, EAS, EBRD, ENMOD, ESCR,
FAO, FATF, G-7 (guest), G-20, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, IORA
(partner), IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA
(observer), MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO
(global partner), NEA, NPT,
NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF
(observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), OST, PA
(observer), Paris Club, PCA,
PIF (partner), RCEP, SAARC (observer),
SEGIB (associate observer), SICA
(observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WA, WCO, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO, ZC |
South
Korea
Index
|
Chronology
195 BC - May/Jul 108 BC
Joseon (Choson)
kingdom
(called Gojoseon "old
Joseon" by historians).
May/Jul 108 BC - 313 AD
Joseon part
of the Han (220-266 Wei, from 266 Jin)
China, establishing four commanderies.
2nd cent. BC - 494
AD Buyeo
(Puyŏ)(Fuyu in Chinese) kingdom
(centered in
northern Manchuria).
c.37 BC - 22 Oct 668 AD
Goguryeo (Koguryo) (from
4th cent. Goryeo guk)
kingdom (in the north).
304 AD - Aug/Sep 660 AD
Baekje (Paekche)
kingdom (in the southwest; then to
Silla)(partly legendary founding cited
as 18 BC).
4th cent. - 8 Jan
936 Sillia
(Sara guk; Nov 503 Silla guk), in 650
the
suzerainty of Tang is acknowledged by
acceptance of
the
Tang reign era..
Aug/Sep
660
Baekje is annexed to
Tang (China) after the surrender
of
the king of Baekje (resistance to Tang
rule
continued to defeat of Baekje forces
25 Nov 660).
Nov/Dec 661 - 13 Oct 663 Baekje
(Paekche)
is partially restored after the
proclamation of Prince Pungjang as
king at the
Japanese court (Oct 661) and his
arrival to the
temporary capital of Baekje, Juyuseong
(Juryuseong)
13 Oct 663
Baekje
(Paekche)
restoration is suppressed after
the
capture of Juyuseong by armies of Tang
and Silla.
22 Oct
668
Goguryeo (Koguryo) is annexed to Tang
(China) after
the
surrender of the king of Goguryeo and
the
capture of the capital by the armies
of Tang and
Silla.
May/Jul 670 - Jun/Jul 673
Goguryeo partially restored after the
proclamation
of Anseung as king (and subsequent
recognition by
Silla on 21 Aug 670).
Jun/Jul 673
Goguryeo
restoration is suppressed by Tang
(China).
713 - 14 Jan 926
Parhae (Balhae)(in
Chinese: Bohai)(in the
north)
(called the
kingdom of Zhen [Jin] 698-713).
Jul 901 - 24 Jul 918
Taebong
(T'aepong) kingdom (in
the center)(named
Majin [Majin]
904-911).
25 Jul 918
Goryeo (Koryo), name
of the state changed (in the
south only to 935); Wang
Geon becomes ruler of
Taebong
founding a new dynasty.
2 Apr 933
King of Goryeo is
recognized and enfeoffed as Goryeo
gugwang in accordance with an
imperial edict of
the Later Tang (issued on 9 Jul 932,
received in
Goryeo on 2 Apr 933), the suzerainty
of the Later
Tang
is acknowledged by acceptance of the
Later
Tang
reign era.
8 Jan
936
Upon
unification of the Korean peninsula by
Goryeo (Koryo). Silla is annexed by
Korea.
Aug 938
Suzerainty of the Later Jin is
acknowledged by
acceptance of the Later Jin reign era.
c.Nov 946
Massive super volcanic eruption of
Mount Paektu
(Baekdu), called Changbai in China.
Oct 948 - Jan/Feb 949
Suzerainty of the Later Han is
acknowledged by
acceptance of the Later Han reign era.
Jan/Feb 949
Use of the Later Han reign era is
abandoned.
Jan 952 - 13 Apr 960?
Suzerainty of
the Later Zhou is acknowledged by
acceptance of the Later Zhou reign
era.
13 Apr 960?
Use
of the Later Zhou reign era is
abandoned.
Dec 963/Jan 964
Suzerainty of Song
is acknowledged by acceptance of
the
Song reign era.
Mar/Apr 994
Suzerainty of Liao is acknowledged by
acceptance of
the
Liao reign era.
Mar/Apr 996
King of
Goryeo is recognized and enfeoffed as
Goryeo
gugwang in accordance with an
edict of the emperor
of
Liao received in Goryeo in Mar/Apr
996.
1016
Suzerainty of Song is
acknowledged by restoration of
the
Song reign era.
May 1022 - 21 May 1116
Suzerainty of Liao is acknowledged by
restoration
of the Liao reign era.
21 May 1116
The
use of the Liao reign era is
abandoned.
23 Jun 1126
King
of Goryeo is recognized and enfeoffed
as Goryeo
gugwang in accordance with an
edict of the emperor
of
Jin (issued on 23 Jun 1126) in
response to a
petition of Goryeo for recognition by
the Jurchen
Jin
(dispatched on 5 May 1126).
3 Aug 1142
Suzerainty of the Jurchen
Jin is acknowledged by
acceptance of the Jin reign era.
1224
Use of the Jin reign era
is abandoned.
24 Sep 1260
King of Goryeo is recognized and
enfeoffed as Goryeo
gugwang
("King of Goryeo") in accordance
with an
edict of the Mongolian emperor (issued
Jul/Aug
1260, received Goryeo on 24 Sep 1260);
suzerainty
of
the Mongolian empire is acknowledged
by
acceptance of the Mongolian reign era.
24 Sep 1260 - 12 Jun 1369 Mongol
(from 18 Dec 1272 Yuan) client kingdom
(as
Zhengdong province
1280-1281 and from 1287).
12 Jun 1369
Use of the Yuan (formerly Mongolian)
reign era is
abandoned.
20 Jun 1370
King
of Goryeo is recognized and enfeoffed
as Goryeo
gugwang ("King of
Goryeo") in accordance with an
imperial edict of Ming (China)(issued
15 Sep 1369,
received in Goryeo on 20 Jun 1370).
31 Jul 1370 - 24 Feb 1637
Suzerainty of Ming (China) is
acknowledged by
acceptance of the Ming reign era.
Mar/Apr 1377
Suzerainty of the Northern Yuan is
acknowledged by
acceptance of the Yuan reign era.
Sep/Oct 1378
Suzerainty of Ming is restored by
acceptance of the
Ming
reign era.
13 Aug
1392
Yi Seong-gye (I Seonggye)(b. 1335 - d.
1408) deposes
Gongyang (Kongyang)
last king of Goryeo (Koryo).
27 Mar 1393 - 13 Oct 1897 Joseon
(Choson)(in
Chinese: Zhaoxian); name
of the
state reverted to
Joseon in accordance with
royal
proclamation dated, based on the
instructions
approved by the emperor of Ming
(China) on 22 Dec
1392.
13 Apr 1592 - 24 Dec
1598 Period of two Japanese
invasions.
24 Feb 1637 - 8 May
1895 Suzerainty of Qing (China)
is recognized by the
king
of Joseon, public ceremony held at the
site
historically known as Samjeondo
(modern-day Seoul).
8 May 1895
Independence of Joseon is
recognized by treaty
with representatives of Qing (China)
and Japan at
Shimonoseki, Japan (signed on 17 Apr
1895).
13 Oct 1897 - 29 Aug 1910 Daehan
(name of the state is changed
by imperial
decree issued 13 Oct 1897).
17 Nov 1905 - 29 Aug
1910 Japanese protectorate
(effective 21 Dec 1905).
29 Aug
1910
Sovereignty over Korea is ceded to the
Emperor of
Japan in accordance with Japan–Korea
Treaty of
1910
(concluded on 22 Aug 1910).
29 Aug 1910 - 9 Sep 1945
Annexed to Japan
(as Chōsen).
1 Mar
1919
Independence from Japan declared
during March 1st
Movement (not recognized)(see exile
governments).
6 Sep 1945 - 2 Feb
1946 Korean People's Republic
formed in Seoul by Committee
for the Preparation for Korean
Independence (not
recognized),
dissolved by U.S. forces 2 Feb 1946.
8 Sep
1945
U.S. forces land at Incheon (in
Seoul from 9 Sep
1945).
9 Sep 1945 -
29 Jun 1949 Korea (Joseon)
occupied by U.S. south of the 38th
parallel, and by Soviet
Union north of the
parallel (22
Aug 1945 - 8 Sep 1948
[see North
Korea]).
12 Sep 1945 - 15 Aug
1948 United States Army Military
Government in Korea
(USAMGIK) administers Korea south of
the 38th
parallel.
17 Jul
1948
Republic of Korea (Daehan
Minguk)("South Korea").
15 Aug 1948
Inauguration ceremony of
the Republic of Korea in
Seoul and termination of authority
of USAMGIK.
9 Sep
1948
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
formed
(North
Korea).
19 Oct 1948 - 3 Nov
1948 Communist-led military
rebellion in the towns of
Yeosu (Yosu) and Suncheon.
12 Dec
1948
United Nations recognizes the Republic
of Korea.
28 Jun 1950 - 27 Sep 1950 Most
of South Korea (except Pusan
perimeter) is
occupied by North Korea.
4 Jan 1951 - 15 Mar 1951
Seoul occupied by Chinese and
North Korean forces.
|
South
Korea
(since 1945)
|
Provinces
(since 1948)
|
Republic
of
Korea
in Exile
(1919-1945)
|
Map
of Korean
Peninsula
|
Map
of
Demilitarized
Zone
(DMZ) |
|
|
|
|
|
Korea
Note: Monarchs are listed with their personal
name followed by their temple name (myoho, by
which rulers are generally referred to), posthumous
style (si), and era name (nyonho). Era
names, the adoption of which was a very strong
indication of sovereignty vis-à-vis Imperial China, were
not adopted before 1 Jan 1896.
Map
of Korean Empire
|
National
Anthem
"Daehan Jeguk Aegukga"
(Patriotic Song of the
Korean Empire)
|
Text
of National Anthem
(1 Jul 1902 - 29 Aug 1910)
|
Constitution
(17 Aug 1899)
|
Capital: Hanseong (Seoul)
(Holbon 37 BC - 3 AD;
Gungnae [Guonei] 3-427;
Pyongyang 427-668;
Seorabeol 668-935;
Cheorwon 918-919;
Gaegyeong [Kaesong]
919-1382, 1383-1390,
1392-1394, 1399-1405;
Hanyang 1382-1383,
1390-1391; Ganghwa
1232-1270; Hanseong
1394-1399,1405-1897;
Hwangseong [Seoul]
1897-1910; Keijō
[Gyeongseong]
29 Aug 1910-15 Aug 1945)
|
Currency:
1902-1910 Korean Won (KROW); 1892-1902
Korean Yang; 1625-1892
Korean Mun
|
National
Holidays:
1st day of 1st lunar month
Seollal (Korean New Year);
-----------------------------------
1909-1910: 3 Oct (2457 BC)
Gaecheonjeol
(National Foundation Day)
|
Population:
13,129,000 (1910);
12,487,000
(1900) |
GDP: N/A (1902) |
Exports: $7.6
million (1902)
Imports: $6.7 million (1902) |
Ethnic groups:
Korean 99.5%, Japanese, Han Chinese
and other 0.5% (1905) |
Total Armed Forces:
28,000 (1904)
Merchant marine: 3 ships
(1902) |
Religions:
Buddhist and Confucianism 99.3%, Christian
0.7% (1901)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties (to 1910):
ICRM, PCA, UPU |
Kings (Gukwang, Daewang)¹
23 Jun 1659 - 18 Sep 1674 Yi Yun
(b. 1641 - d. 1674)
myoho: Hyonjong / si: So-hyu taewang
18 Sep 1674 - 12 Jul 1720 Yi
Sun
(b. 1660 - d. 1720)
myoho: Sukchong / si: Hyon-ui taewang
12 Jul 1720 - 11 Oct 1724 Yi
Kyon
(b. 1688 - d. 1724)
myoho: Kyongjong / si: Tokmun taewang
11 Oct 1724 - 22 Apr 1776 Yi
Kum
(b. 1694 - d. 1776)
myoho: Yongjong, later Yongjo
si: Hyonhyo taewang, Chihyong taewang
22 Apr 1776 - 18 Aug 1800 Yi
Sun
(b. 1752 - d. 1800)
myoho: Chongjong, later Chongjo
si: Changhyo taewang, Munsong taewang
18 Aug 1800 - 13 Dec 1834 Yi
Kwang
(b. 1790 - d. 1834)
myoho: Sunjo / si: Songhyo taewang,
Yondok taewang
18 Aug 1800 - 12 Feb 1804 Queen Kim Chongsun -Regent
(b. 1769 - d.
1805)
13 Dec 1834 - 25 Jul 1849 Yi
Hwan
(b. 1827 - d. 1849)
myoho: Honjong / si: Chulhyo taewang,
Ch'egon taewang
13 Dec 1834 - Jan 1841 Queen
Myeong Gyeong -Regent
(b. 1789 - d. 1857)
si: Sunwon wangho (1st time)
28 Jul 1849 - 16 Jan 1864 Yi
Chung
(b. 1831 - d. 1864)
myoho: Ch'oljong / si: Yonghyo taewang,
Huilyun taewang
28 Jul 1849 - Jan 1852 Queen Myeong
Gyeong -Regent
(s.a.)
si: Sunwon wangho (2nd time)
21 Jan 1864 - 12 Oct 1897 Yi
Hyong
(b. 1852 - d. 1919)
myoho: Kojong
nyonho 1 Jan 1896 - 16 Aug 1897: Konyang
nyonho 17 Aug 1897 - 20 Jul 1907: Kwangmu
(in refuge at Russian legation 11 Feb 1896 - 20 Feb
1897)
21 Jan 1864 - 29 Mar 1866 Queen Shinjong (f) -Regent
(b. 1809 - d. 1890)
21 Jan 1864 - 22 Dec
1873 Yi Haung, Prince Hungson
(b. 1820 - d. 1898)
Taewongun -Regent
Emperors¹
12 Oct 1897 - 22 Jul 1907 Yi
Hyong
(s.a.)
myoho: Kojong
nyonho 17 Aug 1897 - 20 Jul 1907: Kwangmu
18 Jul 1907 - 22 Jul
1907 Crown Prince Yi Ch'ok (acting)
(b. 1874 - d. 1926)
22 Jul 1907 - 29 Aug 1910 Yi Ch'ok (I Cheok)
(s.a.)
myoho: Sunjong
nyonho 2 Aug 1907 - 29 Aug 1910: Lyunghui
Governors-general
29 Aug 1910 - 9 Oct 1916 Viscount Masatake
Terauchi
(b. 1852 - d. 1919)
(from 21 Apr 1911, Count Masatake Terauchi)
(Resident-general to 1 Oct 1910)
16 Oct 1916 - 12 Aug 1919 Count Yoshimichi
Hasegawa
(b. 1850 - d. 1924)
12 Aug 1919 - 10 Dec 1927 Baron Makoto Saitō
(1st time) (b. 1858 - d.
1936)
(from 9 Apr 1925, Viscount Makoto Saitō)
14 Apr 1927 - 1 Dec 1927 Kazushige Ugaki
(1st
time)
(b. 1868 - d. 1956)
(acting for Saitō)
10 Dec 1927 - 17 Aug 1929 Hanzō
Yamanashi
(b. 1865 - d. 1944)
17 Aug 1929 - 17 Jun 1931 Viscount Makoto Saitō
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jun 1931 - 5 Aug 1936 Kazushige Ugaki
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
5 Aug 1936 - 15 Jun 1942 Jirō
Minami
(b. 1874 - d. 1957)
15 Jun 1942 - 22 Jul 1944 Kuniaki
Koiso
(b. 1880 - d. 1950)
25 Jul 1944 - 9 Sep 1945
Nobuyuki
Abe
(b. 1875 - d. 1953)
Presidents of the Korean People's
Republic (not recognized)
6 Sep 1945 - 22 Oct 1945
Syngman Rhee (Lee
Seung-Man) (b. 1875
- d. 1965)
(did not accept office)
6 Sep 1945 - 2 Feb
1946 Yo Un-hyong (Yeo
Unhyeong)
(b. 1886 - d. 1947)
(= Lyuh Woon-hyung)
(vice president, acting [for Rhee])
Chief State Councillors (style: Yeonguijeong
1401-1894)
7 Jul 1696 – 5 Mar 1698 Yu
Sangun (1st time)
(b. 1636 - d. 1707)
(acting to 6 Sep 1696)
5 Mar 1698 - 23 Apr 1698 Yun Chison (acting)
(b. 1627 - d. 1705)
23 Apr 1698 - 15 Apr 1699 Yu Sangun (2nd time)
(s.a.)
15 Apr 1699 - 23 Jul 1699 Ch'oe Sokjong (acting)
(b. 1646 - d.
1715)
23 Jul 1699 - 6 Dec 1699 Yu Sangun (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
6 Dec 1699 - 10 May 1700 So Munjung (1st
time)
(b. 1634 - d. 1709)
(acting
to 6 Mar 1700)
10 May 1700 - 2 Jul 1700 Yi Sebaek
(acting)
(b. 1635 - d. 1703)
2 Jul 1700 - 4 May 1701 So Munjung
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
24 Jul 1701 - 31 Oct 1701 Choe Seok Jeong (1st
time) (b. 1646 - d. 1715)
1702 - 1703
So Munjung (3rd time)
(s.a.)
27 Mar 1703 - 29 Jul 1703 Choe Seok Jeong (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1703 – 1705
Sin Wan
5 May 1705 - 24 Apr 1710 Choe Seok Jeong
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1710
Yi Yeo
1711 – 1712
Seo Jong Tae (1st time)
1712 – 1713
Yi Yu
1714 – 1716
Seo Jong Tae (2nd time)
1717 – 1721
Kim Chang Jip
1721 – 1723
Jo Tae Gu
1723 – 1724
Choe Gyu Seo
1724 – 1729
Yi Gwang Jwa (1st time)
1 Jul 1729 - 13 Aug 1732 Hong Chi Jung
(b. 1667 - d. 1732)
1732 – 1735
Sim Su Yeon
1735 – 1737
Yi Ui Hyeon
1737 – 1740
Yi Gwang Jwa (2nd time)
1740 – 1754
Kim Jae Ro
1754 – 1758
Yi Cheon Bo (1st time)
1758 – 1759
Yu Cheok Gi
1759
Yi Cheon Bo (2ndt time)
1759 – 1760
Kim Sang Ro
1761 – 1762
Hong Bong Han (1st time)
1762 - 1763
Sin Man
1763 – 1766
Hong Bong Han (2nd time)
1766
Yun Dong Do
1766 - 1767
Seo Ji Su (1st time)
1767 – 1768
Kim Chi In (1st time)
1768
Seo Ji Su (2nd time)
1768
Kim Chi In (2nd time)
1768 - 1770
Hong Bong Han (3rd time)
1770 – 1772
Kim Chi In (3rd time)
1772
Kim Sang Bok (1st
time)
1772
Sin Hoe (1st
time)
1772
Kim Sang Bok (2nd
time)
1772
Han Ik Mo (1st time)
1772
Kim Sang Bok (3rd
time)
1772 - 1773
Sin Hoe (2nd time)
1773
Han Ik Mo (2nd time)
1773 – 1774
Kim Sang Bok (4th time)
1774
Han Ik Mo (3rd time)
1774 – 1775
Sin Hoe (3rd time)
1775
Han Ik Mo (4th time)
1775 – 1776
Kim Sang Cheol
1776 – 1779
Kim Yang Taek (1st time)
1779 – 1780
Seo Myeong Sun (1st time)
1780 – 1781
Kim Yang Taek (2nd time)
1781 – 1783
Seo Myeong Sun (2nd time)
1783 – 1784
Jeong Jon Gyeom (1st time)
1784 – 1785
Seo Myeong Sun (3rd
time)
1785 – 1786
Jeong Jon Gyeom (2nd
time)
1786 – 1789
Kim Chi In (4th time)
1789
Kim Ik
(1st time)
1789 – 1790
Kim Jae Hyeop
1790
Kim Ik (2nd time)
1790 – 1793
Choe Hyo Won
1793
Chae Je
Gong
(b. 1720 - d. 1799)
1793 – 1798
Hong Nak Seong
1799 – 1800
Yi Byeong Mo (1st time)
1800 – 1802
Sim Hwan Ji
1802 - 1803
Yi Si Su
1803 – 1805
Yi Byeong Mo (1st time)
1805 – 1806
Seo Mae Su
1806
Yi Byeong Mo (2nd
time)
1806 – 1812
Vacant
1812 – 1816
Kim Jae Chan (1st time)
1816 – 1819
Vacant
1819 – 1821
Seo Yong Bo
1821
Han
Yong Gwi
1821 – 1823
Kim Jae Chan (2nd time)
1823 – 1833
Nam Gong Cheo
1833 – 1834
Yi Sang Hwang (1st time)
1834 – 1835
Sim Sang Gyu
1835 – 1837
Vacant
1837 – 1838
Yi Sang Hwang (2nd time)
1838 – 1841
Vacant
1841 – 1844
Jo In Yeong (1st time)
1845 – 1848
Kwon Don In (1st time)
1848 – 1850
Jeong Won Yong
1850
Jo In Yeong (2nd
time)
1851 – 1852
Kwon Don In (2nd time)
1853 – 1853
Kim Heung Geun
1853 – 1859
Kim Jwa Geun (1st
time)
(b. 1797 – d.1869)
1859 – 1861
Jeong Won Yong (1st time)
1861 – 1862
Kim Jwa Geun (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1862 – 1863
Jeong Won Yong (2nd time)
1863 – 1864
Kim Jwa Geun (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1864 – 1866
Jo Du Sun
1866 – 1867
Yi Kyeong Jae
1867 – 1868
Kim Byeong Hak (1st time)
1868
Jeong
Won Yong (3rd time)
1868 – 1872
Kim Byeong Hak (2nd time)
1872 – 1873
Hong Sun Mok (1st time)
1873 – 1875
Yi Yu
Won
(b. 1814 - d. 1888)
1875 – 1882
Yi Choe Eung
1882
Seo Dang Bo
1882 – 1884
Hong Sun Mok (2nd time)
1884
Kim Byeong Guk
1884 – 1894
Shim Sun Taek (Shim Soon-taek)
(b. 1824 - d. 1906)
20 Jun 1894 -
1894 Kim
Byeong Si (1st time)
(b. 1832 - d. 1898)
25 Jun 1894 - 15 Aug 1894 Kim Hong Jip
(b. 1842 - d. 1896)
11 Feb 1896 - 22 Apr 1896 Kim Byeong Si
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
22 Apr 1896 – 24 Sep 1898 Yun Yong Seon
(b. 1829 - d. 1904)
Prime ministers (style Naegak chongri daesin
1894-1896; Ui jeong 1896-1905;
Ui jeong daesin 1905-1907; Chongri
daesin 1907-1910)
15 Aug 1894 – 28 May 1895 Kim Hong Jip (1st time)
(s.a.)
28 May 1895 - 31 May 1895 Park Yung-hyo (Pak
Yonghyo) (b.
1861 - d. 1939)
31 May 1895 - 24 Aug 1895 Bak Jeongyang (Pak
Chongyang) (b. 1841 - d. 1904)
5 Jul 1895 – 11 Feb 1896 Kim Hong Jip (2nd
time) (s.a.)
11 Feb 1896 - 22 Apr 1896 Kim Byeong Si (Kim
Byung-si)
(s.a.)
(1st time)
22 Apr 1896 - 24 Sep 1896 Yun Yong Seon (Yoon
Yong-sun) (s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Sep 1896 - 1 Aug 1897 Kim Byeong Si (Kim
Byung-si) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Aug 1897 - 11 Oct 1898 Shim Sun Taek (Shim
Soon-taek) (s.a.)
(1st time)
1898
Yun Yong Seon (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1898 – 1899
Jo Byeong Se
27 Jun 1899 – 24 Aug 1901 Yun Yong Seon (3rd time)
(s.a.)
25 Aug 1901 - 12 Sep 1901 Sim Sun Taek (2nd time)
23 Sep 1901 – 24 May 1902 Yun Yong Seon (4th
time) (s.a.)
24 May 1902 - 2 Jun 1902 Sim Sun Taek (3rd
time)
7 Jun 1902 – 14 Dec 1902 Yun Yong Seon (5th
time)
(s.a.)
22 Jan 1903 - 15 May 1903 Yi Geun Myeong (1st
time)
12 Sep 1903 - 22 Jan 1904 Yun Yong Seon (6th
time)
(s.a.)
25 Jan 1904 – 7 Jan 1905 Yi Geun Myeong (2nd
time)(acting)
1905
Cho Byeong-ho (acting)
27 Aug 1905 - 17 Nov 1905 Han Kyu-seol
(b. 1848 - d. 1930)
28 Nov 1905 - 14 Jun 1907 Bak Je Sun (Pak
Chesoon)(1st time) (b. 1858 - d. 1916)
14 Jun 1907 – 12 Dec 1909 Yi Wan Yong (1st
time)
(b. 1856 - d. 1926)
12 Dec 1909 - 11 Aug 1910 Bak Je Sun (Pak Chesoon)
(acting) (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
11 Aug 1910 - 29 Aug 1910 Yi Wan
Yong (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Chairman of the National People's Representative
Conference
15 Aug 1945 - 6 Sep 1945 Yo
Un-hyong (Yeo Unhyeong)
(s.a.)
Prime minister of the Korean People's Republic
(not recognized)
6 Sep 1945 - 2 Feb 1946 Ho
Hon (Heo Heon)
(b. 1885 - d.
1951) CKD
Chinese Director-general
Oct 1885 - 17 Apr 1895 Yuan
Shikai (Yüan Shih-k'ai)
(b. 1859 - d. 1916) Mil
Japanese Residents-general
21 Dec 1905 - 14 Jun 1909 Marquess Hirobumi
Itō
(b. 1841 - d. 1909)
(from 21 Sep 1907, Prince Hirobumi Itō)
15 Jun 1909 - 30 May 1910 Viscount Arasuke
Sone
(b. 1849 - d. 1910)
30 May 1910 - 30 Sep 1910 Viscount Masatake
Terauchi
(s.a.)
Governments of Korea in Exile
National Parliament of Korea (in Vladivostok,
Russia exile)
17 Mar
1919
National Parliament of Korea is proclaimed in Vladivostok,
Russia by the Korean diaspora of Primorskiy region.
11 Sep
1919
Unites with the Shanghai government.
Chairman of the National Parliament of Korea
17 Mar 1919 - 11 Sep 1919 Moon
Chang-beom
(b. 1870 - d. 1934?)
(in Vladivostok, Russia exile)
Great Korean Republic (in Hanseong)
23 Apr
1919
Great Korean Republic proclaimed in Hanseong (Seoul) by
24
representatives gathered from 13 provinces of Korea.
11 Sep
1919
Unites with the Shanghai government.
Consul-President of the Great Korean Republic
23 Apr 1919 - 11 Sep 1919
Syngman Rhee (Lee
Seung-Man) (b. 1875
- d. 1965)
(in U.S. exile)
Prime Minister
23 Apr 1919 - 11 Sep 1919 Lee Tong Hui (Yi
Dong-whi) (b.
1873 - d. 1935)
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
(in Shanghai, China exile)
1 Mar 1919 - 29 Jun 1942
|
-
- 29 Jun 1942 - 15 Aug 1945
|
11 Apr
1919
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is
formed
in the French Concession Shanghai, China.
11 Sep
1919
The three governments proclaimed in Hanseong (Seoul),
Shanghai,
and Vladivostok unite under the Shanghai
government. A provisional
constitution is adopted (amended in 1925, 1927, 1940,
and 1944)
(not internationally recognized).
1932
During Japanese
invasion of China re-locates to Hangzhou, China
(it subsequently moves to Nanjing
[Nanking] 1935-37, Changsha
1937-38, Guangzhou (Canton) 1938,
Liuzhou [Liuchow] 1938-39,
Guiyang
[Kueiyang] 1939, Qijiang [Kikiang] 1939-40, and
Chongqing
[Chungking] Nov 1940-Nov 1945).
8 Jun
1945
U.S. government issues a statement denying recognition
of
sovereignty to the Provisional Government
in favor of a future
elected government.
7 Sep
1945
Commander-in-chief, U.S. Armed Forces, Pacific Douglas
MacArthur
issues Proclamation
No. 1 formally rejecting recognition of
the
exile provisional government and the people's
committees.
3 Dec
1945
Members of the government relocate to Seoul, Korea.
Chairman of the Provisional Legislative Assembly
11 Apr 1919 - 11 Sep 1919 Lee Dong
Nyong (Yi Dong-nyeong) (b. 1869 - d.
1940)
Presidents
11 Sep 1919 - 23 Mar
1925 Syngman Rhee (Lee Seung-Man)
(b. 1875 - d. 1965)
(in Washington, DC to 28 Dec 1920 and from May 1921
[in Hawaii Sep 1922 -
Nov 1939])
6 Jun 1924 - 11 Dec 1924
Lee Dong Nyong (Yi Dong-nyeong) (b. 1869 -
d. 1940)
(acting for Rhee)
11 Dec 1924 - 7 Apr
1925 Park Eun Sik (Park Eun-sik)
(b. 1859 - d. 1925)
(acting for Rhee to 23 Mar 1925)
Presidents of Governance
7 Apr 1925 - 26 Sep
1925 Park Eun Sik (Park Eun-sik)
(s.a.)
Sep
1925
Yupil Lee (Lee Yu-pil)
(b. 1885 - d. 1945)
(acting for Park)
26 Sep 1925 - 18 Feb 1926 Lee Sang Yong
(Yi Sang-ryong) (b. 1858 -
d. 1932)
18 Feb 1926 - 29 Apr 1926 Yang Kit'ak
(Yang Gi-tak) (b. 1871
- d. 1938)
29 Apr 1926 - 3 May 1926 Lee Dong
Nyong (Yi Dong-nyeong) (s.a.)
(1st time)
3 May 1926 - 16 May 1926
Ahn Chang Ho (An Changho)
(b. 1878 - d. 1938)
16 May 1926 - 7 Jul 1926 Lee Dong
Nyong (Yi Dong-nyeong) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
7 Jul 1926 - 14 Dec 1926 Hong
Jin (Hong Chin)
(b. 1877 - d. 1946)
14 Dec 1926 - 11 Apr 1927 Kim Gu (Kim Ku)
(b. 1876 - d.
1949)
First Chairmen of the State Council Directory
11 Apr 1927 - 18 Aug 1927 Kim Gu
(Kim Ku)(1st time)
(s.a.)
19 Aug 1927 - 5 Mar 1933 Lee
Dong Nyong (1st time)
(s.a.)
(Yi Dong-nyeong)
5 Mar 1933 - 30 Dec
1933 Song Pyung Jo (Song
Byeong-jo) (b. 1877 - d. 1942)
30 Dec 1933 - 1 Sep 1935 Yang
Kit'ak (Yang
Gi-tak)
(b. 1871 - d. 1938)
2 Nov 1935 - 13 Mar
1940 Lee Dong Nyong (2nd time)
(s.a.)
13 Mar 1940 - 31 Aug 1943 Kim Gu (Kim
Ku)(2nd time)
(s.a.)
31 Aug 1943 - 21 Sep 1943 Kim Kyusik (Kim
Kyu-sik) (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1950)
21 Sep 1943 - 22 Apr 1944 Kim Gu (Kim
Ku)(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Chairmen of the State Affairs Commission
22 Apr 1944 - 3 Mar 1947 Kim Gu
(Kim
Ku)
(s.a.)
3 Mar 1947 - 15 Aug 1948
Syngman
Rhee
(s.a.)
Prime ministers
11 Apr 1919 - 9 May
1919 Syngman
Rhee
(s.a.)
30 Apr 1919 - 28 Jun 1919 Lee
Dong Nyong (1st time)
(s.a.)
(Yi Dong-nyeong)
(acting for Rhee to 9 May 1919, then provisional)
28 Jun 1919 - 11 Sep 1919 Ahn
Chang Ho (Ahn Chang-ho)(acting)(b. 1878
- d. 1938)
11 Sep 1919 - 16 Mar 1921 Lee Tong
Hui (Yi Dongh-whi)
(b. 1873 - d. 1935)
24 Jan 1921 - 16 May 1921 Lee
Dong Nyong (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting [for Lee to 16 Mar 1921])
16 May 1921 - 12 Apr
1922 Shin Kyu Sik (Sin Gyu-sik)(acting) (b. 1880 -
d. 1922)
12 Apr 1922 - 9 Apr
1924 Lho Bak Rin (No Baek-lin)(1st time)(b.
1875 - d. 1926)
(acting to 11 Jan 1923)
9 Apr 1924 - 23 Apr
1924 Kim Gu (Kim Ku) (1st time)(acting) (s.a.)
23 Apr 1924 - 11 Dec 1924 Lee Dong
Nyong (3rd time)
(s.a.)
11 Dec 1924 - 24 Mar
1925 Park Eun
Sik
(s.a.)
24 Mar 1925 - 7 Jul
1925 Lho Bak Rin (2nd time)
(s.a.)
7 Jul 1925 - 29 Jul 1926 Lee
Dong Nyong (4th
time)
(s.a.)
29 Jul 1926 - 13 May 1927 Yang Kit'ak (Yang
Gi-tak)(1st time)(s.a.)
(acting)
13 May 1927 - 19 Aug 1927 Ryu Tong-nyol (Ryu
Dong-yeol) (b. 1879 - d.
1950)
(1st time)(acting)
19 Aug 1927 - 30 Oct 1933 Kim Gu (Kim
Ku)(2nd time)
(s.a.)
30 Oct 1933 - 30 Oct 1935 Yang Kit'ak (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
30 Oct 1935 - 10 Nov 1936 Song Pyung Jo
(Song Byeong-jo) (b. 1877 - d.
1942)
(1st time)
10 Nov 1936 - 23 Oct 1939 Lee Dong Nyong
(5th
time)
(s.a.)
23 Oct 1939 - 15 Feb 1940 Song Pyung Jo
(Song Byeong-jo) (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
15 Feb 1940 - 9 Oct 1940 Ryu Tong-nyol
(2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
(from 23 Oct 1939, chief of staff of the state council)
Republic of Korea
Commander-in-chief, United States Army Military
Government in Korea (USAMGIK)
9 Sep 1945 - 15 Aug 1948 John Reed
Hodge
(b. 1893 - d. 1963)
U.S. Military Governors of Korea
12 Sep 1945 - 3 Jan 1946 Archibald Vincent
Arnold
(b. 1889 - d. 1973)
3 Jan 1946 - 11 Sep 1947 Archer Lynn
Lerch
(b. 1894 - d. 1947)
11 Sep 1947 - 3 Nov 1947 Charles Gardiner
Helmick (acting) (b. 1891 - d. 1991)
3 Nov 1947 - 15 Aug 1948 William Frische
Dean
(b. 1899 - d.
1981)
Chairmen of the Interim Legislative Assembly
12 Dec 1946 - 3
Mar 1948 Kim Kyu
Sik
(b. 1880 - d. 1950)
3 Mar 1948 - 31 May 1948
Syngman
Rhee
(b.
1875 - d. 1965)
Speaker of the National Assembly
31 May 1948 - 24
Jul 1948 Syngman
Rhee
(s.a.)
Presidents
24 Jul 1948 - 3 May 1960 Syngman
Rhee
(s.a.)
1951:
LP
3 May 1960 - 15 Jun 1960 Ho Chong (1st
time) (acting) (b.
1896 - d. 1988) LP
(acting for Rhee from 27 Apr
1960)
15 Jun 1960 - 23 Jun 1960 Kwak Sang Hoon
(acting)
(b. 1896 - d. 1979) DP
23 Jun 1960 - 8 Aug 1960 Ho Chong (2nd
time) (acting)
(s.a.)
LP
8 Aug 1960 - 13 Aug 1960 Baek Nak-jun
(acting)
(b. 1896 - d. 1985) Non-party
13 Aug 1960 - 24 Mar 1962 Yun Po
Sun
(b. 1897 - d. 1990) DP
24 Mar 1962 - 26 Oct 1979 Park Chung
Hee
(b. 1917 - d. 1979) Mil; 1963
(acting to 17 Dec 1963; de facto leader as
chairman DRP
of the Supreme Council for National
Reconstruction
from 3
Jul 1961)
26 Oct 1979 - 16 Aug 1980 Choi Kyu
Hah
(b. 1919 - d. 2006) DRP
(acting to 6 Dec 1979)
16 Aug 1980 - 1 Sep 1980 Park Choong Hoon
(acting)
(b. 1919 - d. 2001) Mil
1 Sep 1980 - 25 Feb 1988 Chun Doo
Hwan
(b. 1931 - d. 2021) Mil;1981 DJP
25 Feb 1988 - 25 Feb 1993 Roh Tae
Woo
(b. 1932 - d. 2021) DJP;1990 MDD
25 Feb 1993 - 25 Feb 1998 Kim Young
Sam
(b. 1927 - d. 2015) MDD;1995 SHD
25 Feb 1998 - 25 Feb 2003 Kim Dae
Jung
(b. 1925 - d. 2009) SJKH;2000 MD
25 Feb 2003 - 25 Feb 2008 Roh Moo
Hyun
(b. 1946 - d. 2009) SMD; 9-2003
(suspended 12 Mar 2004 - 14 May 2004)
Non-party; 5-2004 UD;
Feb
2007 Non-party
12 Mar 2004 - 14 May 2004 Goh
Kun
(b.
1938)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Roh)
25 Feb 2008 - 25 Feb 2013
Lee Myung Bak
(b.
1941) HD
25 Feb 2013 - 10 Mar 2017 Park Geun Hye
(f)
(b. 1952) SP
(suspended from 9 Dec 2016)
9 Dec 2016 - 10 May 2017 Hwang Kyo
Ahn
(b.
1957)
Non-party
(acting [for suspended Park to 10 Mar 2017])
10 May 2017 - 10 May 2022
Moon Jae
In
(b. 1953) DMD
10 May 2022 - 4 Apr 2025 Yoon Suk
Yeol
(b.
1969)
PPP
(suspended from 14 Dec 2024)
14 Dec 2024 - 27 Dec
2024 Han Duck Soo (1st time)
(b.
1949)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Yoon)
27 Dec 2024 - 24 Mar 2025
Choi Sang
Mok
(b.
1963)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Yoon)
24 Mar 2025 - 1 May
2025 Han Duck Soo (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting [for suspended Yoon to 4 Apr 2025])
2 May 2025 - 4
Jun 2025 Lee Ju Ho
(acting)
(b.
1961)
Non-party
4 Jun 2025
-
Lee Jae
Myung
(b. 1963) DMD
Civil Administrators
29 Sep 1945 - 2 Dec 1945
Brainard Edward Prescott
(b. 1910 - d. 1985) Mil
3 Dec 1945 - 3 Jan 1946 Josef
Robert Sheetz
(b. 1895 - d. 1992) Mil
3 Jan 1946 - 1 Mar 1946
Metticus Walter May
(b. 1905 - d. 1987) Mil
1 Mar 1946 - 8 Mar 1946
Raymond A.
Janowski
(b. 1914 - d. 1989) Mil
9 Mar 1946 - 7 Apr 1946 William A.
Glass, Jr. (acting) (b. 1915 - d.
1990) Mil
8 Apr 1946 - 15 May 1946 Arthur
Seymour Champeny
(b. 1893 - d. 1979) Mil
15 May 1946 - 1946
Seth Wiard, Jr. (acting)
(b. 1929 - d.
1983) Mil
Aug 1946 - 1947
Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson
(b. 1900 - d. 1972) Non-party
10 Feb 1947 - 15 Aug 1948 Ahn
Jae Hong (Chaehong)
(b. 1892 - d. 1965) Non-party
Prime ministers
1 Aug 1948 - 21 Apr 1950 Lee Bum
Suk
(b. 1900 - d. 1972) Non-party
21 Apr 1950 - 23 Nov 1950 Shin Sung Mo
(acting)
(b. 1891 - d. 1960) Non-party
23 Nov 1950 - 24 Apr 1952 Chang Myon (1st
time)
(b. 1899 - d. 1966) 1951: LP
24 Apr 1952 - 6 May 1952 Yi Yun Yong
(acting)
(b. 1890 - d. 1975) LP
6 May 1952 - 6 Oct 1952 Chang Taek
Sang
(b. 1893 - d. 1969) LP
9 Oct 1952 - 28 Jun 1954 Paik Too Chin
(1st
time)
(b. 1908 - d. 1993) LP
(acting to 24 Apr 1953)
28 Jun 1954 - 28 Nov 1954 Pyun Yung
Tai
(b. 1892 - d. 1969) LP
28 Nov 1954 - 15 Jun 1960 Post abolished
15 Jun 1960 - 18 Aug 1960 Ho
Chong
(s.a.)
LP
18 Aug 1960 - 18 May 1961 Chang Myon (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
DP; 1960 SD
Chief Cabinet ministers
20 May 1961 - 3 Jul 1961 Chang Do
Yung
(b. 1923 - d. 2012) Mil
3 Jul 1961 - 16 Jun 1962 Song Yo
Chan
(b. 1918 - d. 1980) Mil
18 Jun 1962 - 10 Jul 1962 Park Chung
Hee
(s.a.)
Mil
10 Jul 1962 - 17 Dec 1963 Kim Hyun
Chul
(b. 1901 - d. 1989) Non-party
Prime ministers
17 Dec 1963 - 11 May 1964 Choi
Doo
Sun
(b. 1894 - d. 1974) Non-party
11 May 1964 - 19 Dec 1970 Chung
Il
Kwon
(b. 1917 - d. 1994) Non-party
19 Dec 1970 - 3 Jun 1971
Paik Too Chin (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
DRP
3 Jun 1971 - 19 Dec 1975 Kim
Jong Pil (1st
time)
(b. 1926 - d. 2018) DRP
19 Dec 1975 - 6 Dec 1979
Choi Kyu
Hah
(s.a.)
DRP
(acting to 13 Mar 1976)
12 Dec 1979 - 22 May 1980 Shin
Hyon Hwak (1st
time)
(b. 1920 - d. 2007) DRP
22 May 1980 - 2 Sep 1980
Park Choong Hoon
(acting)
(s.a.)
Mil
2 Sep 1980 - 4 Jan
1982 Nam Duck
Woo
(b. 1924 - d. 2013) DJP
(acting to 22 Sep 1980)
4 Jan 1982 - 25 Jun 1982
Yoo Chang
Soon
(b. 1918 - d. 2010) DJP
(acting to 23 Jan 1982)
25 Jun 1982 - 14 Oct 1983 Kim
Sang
Hyup
(b. 1920 - d. 1995) DJP
(acting to 21 Sep 1982)
14 Oct 1983 - 19 Feb 1985 Chin
Iee
Chong
(b. 1921 - d. 1995) DJP
(acting to 17 Oct 1983)
8 Nov 1984 - 19 Feb 1985
Shin Byong
Hyun
(b. 1921 - d. 1999) DJP
(acting for Chin)
19 Feb 1985 - 26 May 1987 Lho Shin
Yong
(b. 1930 - d. 2019) DJP
(acting to 16 May 1985)
26 May 1987 - 14 Jul 1987 Lee
Han Key
(acting)
(b. 1917 - d. 1995) DJP
14 Jul 1987 - 25 Feb 1988 Kim
Chung
Yul
(b. 1917 - d. 1992) Non-party
(acting to 7 Aug 1987)
25 Feb 1988 - 5 Dec 1988
Lee Hyun
Jae
(b.
1929)
Non-party
(acting to 2 Mar 1988)
5 Dec 1988 - 27 Dec 1990
Kang Young
Hoon
(b. 1922 - d. 2016) DJP;1990 MDD
(acting to 16 Dec 1988)
27 Dec 1990 - 24 May 1991 Ro Jai
Bong
(b. 1936 - d. 2024) MDD
24 May 1991 - 8 Jul 1991
Shin Hyon Hwak (2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
Non-party
8 Jul 1991 - 8 Oct
1992 Chung Won
Shik
(b. 1928 - d. 2020) Non-party
8 Oct 1992 - 25 Feb 1993
Hyun Soong
Jong
(b. 1919 - d. 2020) Non-party
25 Feb 1993 - 17 Dec 1993 Hwang
In
Sung
(b. 1926 - d. 2010) MDD
17 Dec 1993 - 22 Apr 1994 Lee
Hoi
Chang
(b.
1935)
MDD
22 Apr 1994 - 17 Dec 1994 Lee
Yung
Duk
(b. 1926 - d. 2010) MDD
17 Dec 1994 - 18 Dec 1995 Lee
Hong
Koo
(b.
1934)
MDD
18 Dec 1995 - 4 Mar 1997
Lee Soo
Sung
(b.
1939)
SHD
4 Mar 1997 - 3 Mar
1998 Goh Kun (1st
time)
(s.a.)
SHD
3 Mar 1998 - 13 Jan 2000
Kim Jong Pil (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
JMY
(acting to 17 Aug 1998)
13 Jan 2000 - 19 May 2000 Park
Tae
Joon
(b. 1927 - d. 2011) JMY
19 May 2000 - 22 May 2000 Lee
Hun Jai (1st time)(acting) (b.
1944)
Non-party
22 May 2000 - 11 Jul 2002 Lee
Han
Dong
(b. 1934 - d. 2021) JMY
(acting to 29 Jun 2000)
11 Jul 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 Chang
Sang
(f)(acting)
(b.
1939)
Non-party
31 Jul 2002 - 9 Aug 2002
Jeon Yun Churl
(acting)
(b.
1939)
Non-party
9 Aug 2002 - 10 Sep 2002
Chang Dae Whan
(acting)
(b.
1952)
Non-party
10 Sep 2002 - 26 Feb 2003 Kim
Suk
Soo
(b.
1932)
Non-party
(acting to 5 Oct 2002)
26 Feb 2003 - 25 May 2004 Goh
Kun (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
25 May 2004 - 30 Jun 2004 Lee
Hun Jai (2nd time)(acting)
(s.a.)
Non-party
30 Jun 2004 - 14 Mar 2006 Lee
Hai
Chan
(b.
1952)
UD
14 Mar 2006 - 19 Apr 2006 Han
Duck Soo (1st time)(acting)
(s.a.)
Non-party
19 Apr 2006 - 7 Mar 2007
Han Myung Sook
(f)
(b.
1944)
UD
7 Mar 2007 - 2 Apr 2007 Kwon O
Kyu
(acting)
(b. 1952) UD
2 Apr 2007 - 29 Feb 2008 Han Duck
Soo (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
29 Feb 2008 - 29 Sep 2009 Han Seung Soo
(b. 1936)
HD
29 Sep 2009 - 11 Aug 2010 Chung Un Chan
(b. 1946)
HD
11 Aug 2010 - 1 Oct 2010 Yoon Jeung
Hyun (acting) (b.
1946) HD
1 Oct 2010 - 26 Feb 2013
Kim Hwang
Sik
(b. 1948) HD;Feb 2012
SP
26 Feb 2013 - 17 Feb 2015 Chung Hong
Won
(b.
1944) SP
17 Feb 2015 - 27 Apr 2015 Lee Wan
Koo
(b. 1950 - d. 2021) SP
27 Apr 2015 - 18 Jun 2015 Choi Kyung Hwan
(acting)
(b. 1955) SP
18 Jun 2015 - 11 May 2017 Hwang Kyo
Ahn
(s.a.)
Non-party
11 May 2017 - 31 May 2017 Yoo Il Ho
(acting)
(b. 1955)
Non-party
31 May 2017 - 14 Jan 2020 Lee Nak
Yon
(b. 1952) DMD
14 Jan 2020 - 16 Apr 2021 Chung
Sye
Kyun
(b. 1950) DMD
16 Apr 2021 - 14 May 2021 Hong
Nam Ki (acting)
(b.
1960)
Non-party
14 May 2021 - 12 May 2022 Kim
Boo
Kyum
(b.
1958)
DMD
12 May 2022 - 21 May 2022 Choo Kyung Ho (acting)
(b.
1960)
PPP
21 May 2022 - 1 May 2025 Han
Duck Soo (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(suspended 27 Dec 2024 - 24 Mar 2025)
27 Dec 2024 - 24 Mar 2025 Choi Sang
Mok
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Han)
2 May 2025
-
Lee Ju Ho
(acting)
(s.a.)
Non-party
United Nations in Korea (1947-1973)
Chairmen of the United Nations Temporary
Commission on Korea (UNTCOK)
14 Nov 1947 -
1948? Miguel
Ángel Peña Valle
(El Salvador)
12 Jan 1948 - Mar 1948 Kumara
Padmanabha Sivasankara (b. 1898 - d.
1982)
"K.P.S." Menon (India)
(temporary to 4 Feb 1948)
Chairmen of the United Nations Commission on
Korea (UNCOK)
12 Dec 1948 - 1949
....
1949 - 1950
Anup Singh
(India)
(b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1 Feb 1950 - 24 May 1950 Kasım Gülek
(Turkey)
(b. 1905 - d. 1996)
(absent from 25 Mar 1950)
25 Mar 1950 - 1950
Arthur B. Jamieson (Australia) (b. 1910 -
d. 1991)
(acting)
Chairmen of the U.N.
Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation
of Korea (UNCURK)
7 Oct 1950 - 28 Nov
1973 ....
Agent Generals of the United Nations Korean
Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA)
Jul 1951 - May 1953 J.
Donald Kingsley (U.S.)
(b.
1908 - d. 1972)
Jun 1953 - 1958
John Breitling Coulter
(U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1983)
Chief of Mission of the United Nations Korean
Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA)
1951 - 1953
Charles Edward Maurice Lloyd
(b. 1899 - d. 1956)
(Australia)
Commanders-in-chief of United
Nations Command and
United States Commanders-in-chief,
Far Eastern Command
7 Jul 1950 - 11 Apr
1951 Douglas MacArthur
(U.S.)
(b. 1880 - d. 1964) Mil
11 Apr 1951 - 12 May
1952 Matthew Bunker Ridgway
(U.S.) (b. 1895 - d.
1993) Mil
12 May 1952 - 5 Oct 1953 Mark
Wayne Clark
(U.S.)
(b. 1896 - d. 1984) Mil
¹The style of the rulers:
(a) 5 Aug 1392 - 27 Mar 1393 (royal styles for
internal use): Koryo kukwang
(Goryeo gugwang)
("Koryo [Goryeo] State King");
(b) 27 Mar 1393 - 13 Oct 1897 (royal
styles for internal use): Choson
kukwang (Joseon gugwang)(in
Chinese: Zhaoxian guowang)("Korean State
King");
(c) 5 Aug 1392 - 16 Feb 1394 (style for external
relations): Kwonji guksa (Gwonji guksa)("Provisional
administrator of state affairs"), in full (to 27 Mar
1393): Koryo Kwonji
guksa (Goryeo gwonji kuksa)("Koryo
[Goryeo] Provisional
administrator of state affairs");
(d) 27 Mar 1393 - 16 Feb 1394 (style for external
relations): Choson kwonji
guksa (Joseon gwonji
guksa)("Korean State King");
(e) 16 Feb 1394 - 12 Oct 1897 (style for
external relations): Choson
kukwang (Joseon
gugwang)(in
Chinese: Zhaoxian guowang)("Korean
State King");
(f) 13 Oct 1897 - 29 Aug 1910: Dae Hanguk
Hwangje (Daehan Hwangje)("Emperor of the
Land of the Koreans").
Territorial Disputes: Military Demarcation
Line within the 4-km-wide Demilitarized Zone has
separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic
incidents with North Korea in the Yellow Sea over the
Northern Limit Line, which South Korea claims as a
maritime boundary and North Korea which since 1999 has
claimed a more southerly Maritime Military Demarcation
Line; South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks
(Tok-do/Takeshima), occupied by South Korea since 1954.
Party abbreviations: DMD
= Deobureominjudang (Democratic Party of Korea, center-left,
social liberal, merger of MD and NPAD, est.28
Dec 2015); PPP =
Gungminuihim (People Power Party, conservative,
right-wing populist, 17 Feb - 2 Sep 2020 named United
Future Party [Miraetonghapdang], merger of JG, New
Conservative Party [Saerounbosudang], Onward
for Future 4.0 [Mirae-reul Hyanghan
Jeonjin Sa Jeom Yeong], and Future Korea Party
[Miraehangukdang], est.17
Feb 2020); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: CND = Choson
Nodongdang (Workers Party of [North] Korea, dictatorial
communist, est.Dec 1945); DJP = Minju Jeonguidang
(Democratic Justice Party, conservative, nationalist, 1
Sep 1980-9 Feb 1990 merged into MDD); DP =
Minjudang (Democratic Party, liberal, anti-communist,
from 1955 Syngman Ree and LP opposition,
as Hanguk Minjudang [Korean Democratic Party] 1945-10
Feb 1949 merged into Minju Gukmin Dang,
re-est.1955-1963, suceeded by Jongmin hoe [Civil Rule
Party]); DPR = Tongil Minju Dang (Reunification
Democratic Party, split from 21 Apr 1987-9 Feb 1990,
merged into MDD); DRP = Minju
Gonghwadong (Democratic Republican Party,
authoritarian, conservative, nationalist, 2 Feb 1963-1
Sep 1980, succeeded by DJP); HD =
Hannara Dang (Grand National Party, conservative, 21 Nov
1997-2 Feb 2012, renamed SP); JG
= Jayuhan Gukdang (Liberty Korea Party, social
conservative, center-right, former
SP, 13 Feb 2017-17 Feb 2020, merged into PPP);
JMY = Jayu Minju Yonmaeng (United Liberal
Democrats, conservative, 30 Mar 1995-7 Apr 2006, merged
into HD); LP = Minjudang (Liberal
Party, conservative, pro-Syngman Ree, 17 Dec 1951-24 Jan
1970, merged into SD); MD = Minju
Dang (Democratic Party, liberal, center-left,
former SMD, 15 Dec 2011-26 Mar 2014 named
Democratic United Party [Minju Tonghap Dang],
6 May 2005-28 Dec 2015, merged into DMD); MDD
= Minju Chayudang (Democratic Liberal Party,
merger of DJP, DPR and RDNP; 22 Jan 1990-Dec 1995,
became SHD); RDNP = Shin Minju Gonghwadong (New
Democratic Republican Party, conservative, former DRP,
1987-22 Jan 1990, merged into MDD); SD =
Shinmindang (New Democratic Party, liberal, 1961, 7 Feb
1967-27 Oct 1980, 1991); SHD = Sin Han-gukdang
(New Korea Party, center-right, liberal conservative,
nationalist, 1995-21 Nov 1997, merged into HD); SJKH
= Sae Jungchi Kukmin Hoiee (National Congress for New
Politics, personalist, centrist, 5 Sep 1995-20 Jan 2000,
merged into MD); SMD =
Saecheonnyeon Minju-dang (Millennium Democratic
Party [in Korean, called simply Democratic Party],
center-left, 20 Jan 20 Jan 2000-6 May 2005, formerly
SJKH, renamed MD); SP =
Saenuri Dang (New Frontier Party,
conservative, former HD, 2 Feb 2012-13 Feb 2017,
renamed JG); UD = Yeollin
Uri-dang (Our Open Party, liberal,
split from SMD, 1 Nov 2003-18 Aug 2007, merged into MD)
© Ben Cahoon
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