Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]

to 1 Jan 1899

[Grito de Lares Flag 1868
(Puerto Rico)]

23-24 Sep 1868 Lares Revolt Flag

[U.S.
flag]

Adopted 1 Jan 1899

[Flag of
Puerto Rico (U.S.)]

22 Dec 1895 - 24 Jul 1952 (unofficial),

Adopted 24 Jul 1952

[Flag
of Puerto Rico dark blue variant
1895-1995]

22 Dec 1895 - 3 Aug 1995 Variant

Map of Puerto Rico
Hear National Anthem
"The Star Spangled Banner"
Hear Local Anthem
"La Borinqueña"
(The Borinquenian)
Adopted 24 Jul 1952
(Lyrics 27 Jul 1977)
Constitution
(25 Jul 1952)

Capital: San Juan
(Puerto Rico de San Juan Bautista 1509-c.1746; Caparra 1508-1509)
Currency: US Dollar (USD);
1868-1898 Spanish Peseta (ESP); 1772-1868 Spanish Escudo (ESE)
National Holiday: 4 Jul (1776)
U.S. Independence Day
(Día de la Independencia)
------------------------------------
Local Holiday: 25 Jul (1952)
Día de la Constitución del
Estado Libre Asociado
(Puerto Rico Constitution Day)
(named Occupation Day 1898-1952)
Population: 3,019,450 (2024)

GDP: $137.1 billion (2022) Exports: $59.7 billion (2022)
Imports: $51.5 billion (2022) Ethnic groups: white 61.6%, black/African American 12.4%,
Hispanic 18.7%; Asian 6%; American Indian and Alaska
Native 1.1%; Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0.2%;
Some Other Race 8.4%; Two or More Races 10.2%
note: 99% of the population is Latino (2020)

Total Active U.S. Armed Forces: 371 (2012)
U.S. Forces: 644 (2023)
Defense is the Responsibility of the U.S.
Merchant marine: None (2024) Religions: Roman Catholic 69.7%, Protestant 25.1%,
other Christian (Seventh Day Adventist, Jehovah's
Witness, Mormon, Defenders of the Faith, and Assemblies
of God) 1.9%, other 1.4%, Muslim 0.13%,
non-religious/atheist 1.9% (2010)

International Organizations/Treaties: AOSIS (observer), CAP (observer), Caricom (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNWTO (associate), UPU, WFTU, WHO (associate)

Puerto Rico
Index Chronology
19 Nov 1493 Discovered and claimed for Spain by Christopher Columbus, namedIsla de San Juan Bautista. 12 Aug 1508 Spanish colony; subordinated toSanto Domingo (to 1797)(Captaincy general of Puerto Rico). 22 Nov 1595 - 25 Nov 1525 English failed attack on San Juan by Sir Francis Drake (b. c.1540 - d. 1596). 21 Jun 1598 - 23 Sep 1598 English occupy San Juan under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland and Sir John Berkeley (Porto Rico).24 Sep 1625 - 2 Nov 1625 Dutch under Boudewijn Hendricksz (d. 1626) lay siege to San Juan, but fail to seize it. 24 May 1784 Intendencia de Puerto Rico created. 17 Apr 1797 - 1 May 1797 British failed attack on San Juan led by Sir Ralph Abercromby (b. 1734 - d. 1801). 24 Jul1812 - 4 May 1814 Puerto Rico adiputación provincial of Spain. 19 Mar 1820 - 1 Oct 1823 Puerto Rico adiputación provincial of Spain. 23 Jun 1832 Real Audiencia de Puerto Rico established (by decree of 19 Jun 1831). 14 Aug 1836 - 16 Jun 1837 Puerto Rico adiputación provincial of Spain. 23 Sep 1868 - 24 Sep 1868 "Grito de Lares" rebellion against Spain declares independence (Republic of Puerto Rico), led by Manuel Rojas Luzardo (b. 1831 - d. 1903). 20 Oct 1870 - 24 Nov 1897 Puerto Rico a diputación provincial of Spain. 22 Mar 1873 Slavery abolished in Puerto Rico by Spain. 24 Mar 1897 - 27 Mar 1897 "Intentona de Yauco" rebellion against Spain led by Antonio Mattei Lluberas (b. 1857 - d. 1908). 24 Nov 1897 Autonomy granted. 25 Jul 1898 Occupation by U.S. beings atGuanica. 18 Oct 1898 - 30 Apr 1900 U.S. Military Government of Puerto Rico (Department of Puerto Rico). 10 Dec 1898 Ceded to the U.S. by Spain (spelled"Porto Rico" until 17 May 1932). 1 Jan 1899 Spain cedes colonial authority to U.S. (de jure 11 Apr 1899); subordinated to War Department until 1935; then Department of the Interior to 1952. 2 Mar 1917 U.S. territory. 30 Oct 1950 Nationalist revolt against Puerto Rican government all over Puerto Rico (including seven towns: Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado ["El Grito de Utuado"], Jayuya ["El Grito de Jayuya"], and San Juan). 25 Jul 1952 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico)(Spanish and English names are equal in status except for the period between 5 Apr 1991 and 28 Jan 1993 when Spanish was the sole official language).23 Jul 1967 Referendum votes 60%-39% status quo vs. statehood. 5 Apr 1991 Spanish is declared to be the sole official language, Law No. 4 of 5 Apr 1991. 28 Jan 1993 Spanish and English are declared to be official languages, Law No. 1 of 28 Jan 1993. 14 Nov 1993 Referendum votes 48%-46% status quo vs. statehood. 13 Dec 1998 Referendum votes 50%-46% status quo vs. statehood. 6 Nov 2012 Referendum votes 45%-25% statehood vs. commonwealth 30 Sep 2016 - Under the authority of the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico by Act of U.S. Congress. 11 Jun 2017 Referendum votes 97%-1.3% statehood vs. status quo. 3 Nov 2020 Referendum votesfor statehood 52.3%-47.7%. 5 Nov 2024 Referendum votesfor statehood 56.8%-30.8%.

Mayors of
San Juan

Mona Island

Culebra
(1870-1917)

Vieques
(1811-1874)

Captain and Corregidor 24 Apr 1505 Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (b. 1463 - d. 1514) (did not take office) Lieutenant governors 15 Jun 1508 - 28 Oct 1509 Juan Ponce de León (1st time) (b. 1460 - d. 1521) (arrived 12 Aug 1508) 28 Oct 1509 - 1510 Juan Cerón (1st time)(acting) 2 Mar 1510 - 1511 Juan Ponce de León (2nd time) (s.a.) 21 Jun 1511 -28 Nov 1511 Gonzalo Ovalle (acting) 28 Nov 1511 - 1512 Juan Cerón (2nd time)(acting) 2 Jun 1512 - Feb 1513 Rodrigo de Moscoso Feb 1513 - 15 Jul 1515 Cristóbal de Mendoza 15 Jul 1515 - 12 Sep 1519 Juan Ponce de León (3rd time) (s.a.) Sep 1519 - 15 Jan 1521 Antonio de la Gama (1st time) (b. c.1489 - d. af.1544) 15 Jan 1521 - May 1523 Pedro Moreno (1st time) (d. 1529) May 1523 - 1524 Alonso Manso, obispo de (b. 1460 - d. 1539) San Juan (interim) 1524 - Jun 1529 Pedro Moreno (2nd time) (s.a.) Jun 1529 - 1530 Antonio de la Gama (2nd time) (s.a.) 1530 - Jul 1536 Francisco Manuel de Landó (b. 1460 - d. 1536) Aug 1536 - 28 Sep 1537 Vasco de Tiedra 28 Sep 1537 - 1544 two Alcaldes Ordinarios for each Cabildo Governors and Captains-general 1544 - Jan 1545 Jerónimo Lebrón de Quinóñes (b. 1505 - d. 1545) 6 Jul 1545 - 6 Jul 1546 Iñigo López Cervantes de Loaisa (b. 1505 - d. 15..) 6 Jul 1546 - 1548 Diego de Caraza (1st time) 1548 - 1550 Alcaldes Ordinarios - Alonso de Vargas - Francisco de Aguilar Jun 1550 - Apr 1554 Luis de Vallejo 1554 - 1555 Alonso Estévez (acting) 12 Aug 1555 - 1561 Diego de Caraza (2nd time) 1561 - 1564 Antonio de la Llama Vallejo 20 Mar 1564 - 1568 Francisco Bahamonde de Lugo (d. 1574) 31 Dec 1568 - Dec 1574 Francisco de SolísOsorio (d. 1609) 1575 - 1578 Francisco de Obando y Mexía (d. 1579) Dec 1578 - 1580 Juan Troche Ponce de León (b. 1524 - d. 1591) 1580 Gerónimo de Agüero Campuzano (interim) 24 Apr 1580 - 2 Aug 1581 Juan de Céspedes (d. 1581) 2 Aug 1581 - 18 Apr 1582 Juan López Melgarejo (acting) 12 Jun 1582 - 11 May 1593 Diego Menéndez de Valdés (b. 1533 - d. 1596) 11 May 1593 - 18 Dec 1597 Pedro Suárez (1st time)18 Dec 1597 - 13 Aug 1598 Antonio de Mosquera (English prisoner 21 Jun - 13 Aug 1598) 21 Jun 1598 - 13 Aug 1598 Sir George Clifford, Earl of (b. 1558 - d. 1605) Cumberland -English commander 13 Aug 1598 - 23 Nov 1598 Sir John Berkeley -English commander (acting) 23 Nov 1598 - 1599 Pedro Suárez (2nd time) 22 Mar 1599 - 1601 Alonso de Mercado 15 Jul1601 - 22 Jul 1608 Sancho Ochóa de Castro, conde de (b. 1566 - d. 1608?) Salvatierra 22 Jul 1608 - 1614 Gabriel de Rojas Páramo (b. 1565 - d. bf.1621) 14 Sep 1613 - 1619 Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra (b. 1574 - d. 1626) 1 Jun 1619 - 29 Aug 1625 Juan de Vargas Machuca (b. 1581 - d. 1631) 29 Aug 1625 - 1631 Juan de Haro y Sanvítores (b. 1565 - d. 1632) 24 Jan 1631 - Feb 1635 Enrique Henríquez de Sotomayor (b. c.1600 - d. 1638) 23 Feb 1635 - 1640 Iñigo de la Mota y Sarmiento (b. 1598 - d. 1642) 16 May 1640- Dec 1641 Agustín de Silva y Figueroa (b. c.1600 - d. 1641) 2 Dec 1641 - 1643 Juan de Bolaños (interim) 9 Jul 1643 - 1649 Fernando de la Riva Agüero y (b. 1606 - d. 1663) Setién 24 May 1649 - 1655 Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa (b. 1606 - d. c.1662) Mar 1655 - 15 Aug 1660 José de Novoa y Moscoso (b. 1607 - d. 16..) 16 Aug1660 - Nov 1664 Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen (b c.1618 - d. ....)23 Nov 1664 - 1670 Gerónimo de Velasco 23 Jun 1670 - 7 Mar 1674 Gaspar de Arteagay Aunaovidao (b. 1619 - d. 1674) 7 Mar 1674 - 1674 Diego de Robladillo y Velasco (interim) 20 Aug 1674 - 1675 Baltasar Figueroa y Castilla (acting) 6 Apr 1675- 1678 Alonso de Campos y Espinosa (b. c.1620 - d. 1678) 22 Aug 1678 - 1683 Juan de Robles Lorenzana (d. af.1708) 18 Jul 1683 - 1685 Gaspar Martínez de Andino (b. c.1612 - d. 1697) 1685 - 1690 Juan Fernández Franco de Medina (b. c.1646 - d. 1698) (1st time) (interim) 5 May 1690- 1692 Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle (b. 1649 - d. af.1700) (1st time) 30 Dec 1692 - 1697 Juan FernándezFrancode Medina (s.a.) (2nd time) 1697 - 1698 Tomás Franco (acting) 16 May 1698 - 1699 Antonio de Robles Silva (acting) 30 Apr 1699 - 1699 Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle (s.a.) (2nd time) 17 Oct 1699 - 23 Jul 1703 Gabriel Gutiérrez de Rivas (b. 1655 - d. 1703) 24 Jul 1703 - 12 Oct 1703 Diego Ximénez de Villarán (acting) 12 Oct 1703 - 25 Oct 1703 Gaspar de Olivares + Andrés Montañez (alcaldes ordinarios) 25 Oct 1703 - 27 Jul 1705 Francisco Sánchez Calderón (acting) 27 Jul 1705 - 26 Mar 1706 Pedro de Arroyo Guerrero (acting) (b. c.1677 - d. 1706) 26 Mar 1706 - 24 Dec 1708 Juan Francisco de Morla (acting) 24 Dec 1708 - 18 Jul 1711 Francisco Danío Granados (1st time) 18 Jul 1711 - 12 Feb 1716 Juan de Ribera 12 Feb 1716 - 3 May 1716 José Francisco Carreño (acting) 3 May1716 - 7 Apr 1720 Alfonso Bertodano (interim) 7 Apr 1720 - 22 Aug 1724 Francisco Danío Granados (2nd time) 22 Aug 1724 - 11 Oct 1731 José Antonio de Mendizábal y Azcue (b. 1679 - d. 17..) 11 Oct 1731 - 28 Jun 1743 Matías de Abadía (b. 16.. - d. 1743) 28 Jun 1743 -29 Oct 1744 Domingo Pérez de Nanclares (Nandares)(acting) 29 Oct 1744 - 11 Aug 1750 Juan José Colomo (d. 1750) 11 Aug 1750 - 8 Jul 1751 Agustín de Parejas (d. 1751) 8 Jul 1751 - 1 May 1753 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (1st time) (acting) 1 May 1753 - 30 Aug 1757 Felipe Ramírez de Estenós (b. 1728 - d. 1764) 30 Aug 1757 - 3 Jun 1759 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (2nd time) (acting) 3 Jun 1759 - 7 Mar 1760 Mateo de Guazo Calderón (d. 1760) 7 Mar 1760 - 20 Apr 1761 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (3rd time) (acting) 20 Apr 1761 - 12 Mar 1766 Ambrosio de Benavides Medina Liñán (b. 1718 - d. 1787) y Torres 12 Mar 1766 - 28 Oct 1766 Marcos de Vergara (d. 1766) 28 Oct 1766 - 31 Jul 1770 José Trentor (acting) 31 Jul 1770 - 2 Jun 1776 Miguel de Muesas (b. 1715 - d. 1789) 2 Jun 1776 - 6 Apr 1783 José Dufresne (b. 1707 - d. 1786) 6 Apr 1783 - 27 Mar 1789 Juan Andrés Dabán y Busterino (b. 1724 - d. 1793) 27 Mar 1789 - 8 Jul 1789 Francisco TorralboRobles (b. 1730 - d. 1795) (1st time) (acting) 8 Jul 1789 - 19 May 1792 Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz (b. 1751 - d. 1792) 19 May 1792 - 10 Mar 1793 Francisco Torralbo Robles (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 10 Mar 1793 - 21 Mar 1795 Enrique Grimarest (acting) 21 Mar 1795 - 12 Nov 1804 Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez, (b. 1751 - d. 1809) marqués de Lorca 12 Nov 1804 - 3 Jun 1809 Toribio de Montes (b. 1749 - d. 1830) 30 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1820 Salvador Meléndez Bruna (b. 1764 - d. 1828) 24 Mar 1820 - 7 Aug 1820 Juan Vasco y Pascual 7 Aug 1820 - 11 Feb 1822 Gonzalo de Aróstegui y Herrera (b. 1771 - d. 1828) 12 Feb 1822 - 30 May 1822 Diego José de Navarro (acting) 30 May 1822 - 2 Dec 1823 Francisco González de Linares (b. 1776 - d. 1845) 2 Dec 1823 - 14 Jan 1837 Miguel Luciano de la Torre y (b. 1786 - d. 1843) Pando, (from 13 Jun 1836) conde de Torrepando 14 Jan 1837 - 15 Dec 1837 Francisco Javier de Moreda y (b. c.1807 - d. c.1839) Prieto 15 Dec 1837 - 2 Oct 1840 Miguel Lopéz de Baños (b. 1789 - d. 1861) 2 Oct 1840 - 11 Mar 1844 Santiago Méndez de Vigo (b. 1790 - d. 1860) 11 Mar 1844 - 15 Dec 1847 Rafael Arístegui y Vélez, (b. 1794 - d. 1863) conde de Mirasol 15 Dec 1847 - 12 Sep 1848 Juan Prim de Prats y González, (b. 1814 - d. 1870) conde de Reus 12 Sep 1848 - 23 Apr 1851 Juan González de la Pezuela y (b. 1809 - d. 1906) Ceballos, marqués de la Pezuela 23 Apr 1851 - 4 May 1852 Enrique de España y Taberner, (b. 1801 - d. 1878) marqués de España, barón de Ramefort 4 May 1852 - 30 Jan 1855 Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero (b. 1808 - d. 1860) 31 Jan 1855 - 23 Aug 1855 Andrés García Camba (b. 1793 - d. 1861) 23 Aug 1855 - 28 Jan 1857 José de Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y (b. 1811 - d. 1886) Gonzáles 28 Jan 1857 - 13 Jul 1860 Fernando Cotoner y Chacón (b. 1817 - d. 1888) 13 Jul 1860 - 19 Aug 1860 Sabino Gámir y Maladeñ (acting) 19 Aug 1860 - 17 Feb 1862 Rafael Echagüe y Bermingham (b. 1815 - d. 1887) 17 Feb 1862 - 29 Apr 1862 Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez (b. 1820 - d. 1882) (acting) 29 Apr 1862 - 18 Nov 1865 Félix María de Messina e Iglesias, (b. 1798 - d. 1872) marqués de la Serna Captains-general, Superior Civil Governors 18 Nov 1865 - 17 Dec 1867 José María Marchesi Oleaga (b. 1801 - d. 1879) 17 Dec 1867 - 30 Dec 1868 Julián Juan Pavía Lacy (b. 1814 - d. 1896) 23 Sep 1868 - 24 Sep 1868 Francisco Ramírez Medina (b. 1828 - d. 1892) (president of the provisional government, in rebellion) 30 Dec 1868 - 26 May 1870 José Laureano Sanz y Posse (b. 1822 - d. 1898) (1st time) 26 May 1870 - 27 Sep 1871 Gabriel Baldrich i Palau (b. 1814 - d. 1885) 27 Sep 1871 - 30 Jul 1872 Ramón Gómez Pulido (b. 1811 - d. 1885) 30 Jul 1872 - 5 Nov 1872 Simón de la Torre y Ormaza (b. 1803 - d. 1886) 5 Nov 1872 - 14 Feb 1873 Joaquín Enrile y Hernán (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1890) 14 Feb 1873 - 25 Mar 1873 Juan Martínez Plowes (b. 1808 - d. 1887) 25 Mar 1873 - 2 Feb 1874 Rafael Primo de Rivera y (b. 1813 - d. 1902) Sobremonte 2 Feb 1874 - 16 Dec 1875 José Laureano Sanz y Posse (s.a.) (2nd time) Governors-general, Captains-general 16 Dec 1875 - 24 Jun 1877 Segundo de la Portilla y Gutiérrez (b. 1819 - d. ....) (1st time) 24 Jun 1877 - 26 Apr 1878 Manuel de la Serna y Hernández, (b. 1804 - d. 1878) marqués de Irún 26 Apr 1878 - 24 Jun 1878 José Gamir Maladeñ (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1896) (acting) 24 Jun 1878 - 7 Jul 1881 Eulogio Despujol y Dussay, (b. 1834 - d. 1907) conde de Caspe 7 Jul 1881 - 23 Nov 1882 Segundo de la Portilla y Gutiérrez (s.a.) (2nd time) 23 Nov 1882 - 31 Jul 1884 Miguel de la Vega Inclán y Palma, (b. 1820 - d. 1884) marqués de Vega Inclán 31 Jul 1884 - 19 Sep 1884 Carlos Suances y Campos (1st time) (b. 1818 - d. 1891) (acting) 19 Sep 1884 - 1 Nov 1884 Ramón Fajardo y Izquierdo (acting) (b. 1826 - d. 1888) 1 Nov 1884 - 25 Nov 1884 Carlos Suances y Campos (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 25 Nov 1884 - 10 Jan 1887 Luis Dabán y Ramírez de Arellano (b. 1841 - d. 1892) 10 Jan 1887 - 23 Mar 1887 Juan Contreras Martínez (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1906) 23 Mar 1887 - 9 Nov 1887 Romualdo Palacios González (b. 1827 - d. 1908) 9 Nov 1887 - 25 Feb 1888 Juan Contreras Martínez (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 25 Feb 1888 - 18 Apr 1890 Pedro Ruíz y Dana (b. 1822 - d. 1891) 18 Apr 1890 - 22 Apr 1890 José Pascual de Bonanza (acting) (b. 1834 - d. 1892) 22 Apr 1890 - 15 Nov 1892 José Lasso Pérez (b. 1837 - d. 1913) 15 Nov 1892 - 10 Jan 1893 Manuel Delgado y Zuleta (acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1915) 10 Jan 1893 - 22 Jun 1895 Antonio Dabán y Ramírez de (b. 1844 - d. 1902) Arrellanó 22 Jun 1895 - 17 Jan 1896 José Gamir Maladeñ (2nd time) (s.a.) 17 Jan 1896 - 15 Feb 1896 Emilio March y García (acting) (b. 1844 - d. 1919) 15 Feb 1896 - 4 Jan 1898 Sabás Marín y González (b. 1828 - d. 1901) 4 Jan 1898 - 11 Jan 1898 Ricardo de Ortega y Díez (1st time)(b. 1838 - d. 1917) (acting) 11 Jan 1898 Andrés González Muñoz (b. 1840 - d. 1898) 11 Jan 1898 - 2 Feb 1898 Ricardo de Ortega y Díez (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 2 Feb 1898 - 14 Oct 1898 Manuel Macías Casado (b. 1845 - d. 1937) 14 Oct 1898 - 16 Oct 1898 Ricardo de Ortega y Díez (3rd time)(s.a.) (acting) 16 Oct 1898 - 18 Oct 1898 Ángel Rivero Méndez (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1830) Commanding General of the U.S. Army 25 Jul 1898 - 18 Oct 1898 Nelson Appleton Miles (b. 1839 - d. 1925) Mil Military Governors and Commanders of the Department of Puerto Rico 18 Oct 1898 - 6 Dec 1898 John Rutter Brooke (b. 1838 - d. 1926) Mil 6 Dec 1898 - 9 May 1899 Guy Vernor Henry (b. 1839 - d. 1899) Mil 9 May 1899 - 30 Apr 1900 George Whitefield Davis (b. 1839 - d. 1918) Mil Governors 1 May 1900 - 15 Sep 1901 Charles Herbert Allen (b. 1848 - d. 1934) Rep 15 Sep 1901 - 4 Jul 1904 William Henry Hunt (b. 1857 - d. 1949) Rep 4 Jul 1904 - 18 Apr 1907 Beekman Winthrop (b. 1874 - d. 1940) Rep 18 Apr 1907 - 6 Nov 1909 Regis Henri Post (b. 1870 - d. 1944) Rep 6 Nov 1909 - 15 Nov 1913 George Radcliffe Colton (b. 1866 - d. 1916) Rep 15 Nov 1913 - 15 May 1921 Arthur Yager (b. 1857 - d. 1941) Dem 15 May 1921 - 30 Jul 1921 José Eladio Benedicto y Géigel (b. 1880 - d. 1924) (acting) 30 Jul 1921 - 16 Feb 1923 Emmet Montgomery "E. Mont" Reily (b. 1866 - d. 1954) Rep 16 Feb 1923 - 6 Apr 1923 Juan Bernardo Huyke (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1961) UPR 6 Apr 1923 - 29 Sep 1929 Horace Mann Towner (b. 1855 - d. 1937) Rep 29 Sep 1929 - 7 Oct 1929 James Rumsey Beverley (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1967) Rep (acting) 7 Oct 1929 - 30 Jan 1932 Theodore Roosevelt III (b. 1887 - d. 1944) Rep (= Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.) 30 Jan 1932 - 1 Jul 1933 James Rumsey Beverley (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep (acting) 1 Jul 1933 - 12 Jan 1934 Robert Hayes Gore (b. 1886 - d. 1972) Dem 12 Jan 1934 - 5 Feb 1934 Benjamin Jason Horton (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1963) Dem 5 Feb 1934 - 25 Jun 1939 Blanton Winship (b. 1869 - d. 1947) Mil 25 Jun 1939 - 11 Sep 1939 José Enrique Colom Martínez (b. 1889 - d. 1973) Mil (acting) 11 Sep 1939 - 28 Nov 1940 William Daniel Leahy (b. 1875 - d. 1959) Mil 28 Nov 1940 - 3 Feb 1941 José Miguel Gallardo (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1976) Dem (acting) 3 Feb 1941 - 24 Jul 1941 Guy Jacob Swope (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1969) Dem 24 Jul 1941 - 19 Sep 1941 José Miguel Gallardo (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem (acting) 19 Sep 1941 - 3 Sep 1946 Rexford Guy Tugwell (b. 1891 - d. 1979) Dem 3 Sep 1946 - 2 Jan 1949 Jesús Toribio Piñero (b. 1897 - d. 1952) PPD 2 Jan 1949 - 2 Jan 1965 José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín (b. 1898 - d. 1980) PPD 2 Jan 1965 - 2 Jan 1969 Roberto Sánchez Vilella (b. 1913 - d. 1997) PPD 2 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1973 Luis Alberto Ferré Aguayo (b. 1904 - d. 2003) PNP 2 Jan 1973 - 2 Jan 1977 Rafael Hernández Colón (1st time) (b. 1936 - d. 2019) PPD 2 Jan 1977 - 2 Jan 1985 Carlos Antonio Romero Barceló (b. 1932 - d. 2021) PNP 2 Jan 1985 - 2 Jan 1993 Rafael Hernández Colón (2nd time) (s.a.) PPD 2 Jan 1993 - 2 Jan 2001 Pedro Juan Rosselló González (b. 1944) PNP 2 Jan 2001 - 2 Jan 2005 Sila María Calderón Serra (f) (b. 1942) PPD 2 Jan 2005 - 2 Jan 2009 Aníbal Salvador Acevedo Vilá (b. 1962) PPD 2 Jan 2009 - 2 Jan 2013 Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset (b. 1960) PNP 2 Jan 2013 - 2 Jan 2017 Alejandro Javier García Padilla (b. 1971) PDP 2 Jan 2017 - 2 Aug 2019 Ricardo AntonioRosselló Nevares (b. 1979) PNP 2 Aug 2019 - 7 Aug 2019 Pedro Rafael Pierluisi Urrutia (b. 1959) PNP (1st time) 7 Aug 2019 - 2 Jan 2021 Wanda Vázquez Garced (f) (b. 1960) PNP 2 Jan 2021 - Pedro Rafael Pierluisi Urrutia (s.a.) PNP (2nd time)

Presidents of the Cabinet 11 Feb 1898 - 21 Jul 1898 Francisco Mariano Quiñones (b. 1830 - d. 1908) PAO 21 Jul 1898 - 6 Feb 1899 Luis Muñoz Rivera (b. 1859 - d. 1916) PLF (suspended from 9 Dec 1898)

Chairmen of the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (FOMBPR) 30 Sep2016 - 5 Oct 2020 José B. Carrión III (b. 1969) Rep 6 Oct 2020 - David Arthur Skeel, Jr. (b. 1961) Dem

Territorial Dispute: Increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work.

Party Abbreviations:Dem = Democratic Party (U.S. liberal, center-left, est.1829);PNP= Partido Nuevo Progresivo (New Progressive Party, center-right, conservative, pro-statehood, split fromU.S. Republican Party, est.20 Aug 1967); PPD= Partido Popular Democrático (Popular Democratic Party, center-left, pro-commonwealth, affiliated with U.S. Democratic Party, est.1938);Rep = Republican Party (U.S. conservative, center-right, est.1854);Mil = Military; - Former parties: PLF= Partido Liberal Fusionista Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Liberal Fusionist Party, 1897-99, named Partido Autonomista Puertorriqueño [Puerto Rican Autonomist Party] 1887-1897); PAO = Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo (Orthodox Autonomist Party, 1898-1899); URP = Unión de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Union, pro-independence to 1922, then pro-autonomy, Feb 1902-1932, merged into Partido Liberal)

Mona

24 Sep 1494 Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus(Isla de la Mona). 1515 - 1516 Ownership of island under Fernando II de Aragón. 1516 - 1520 Ownership of island transferred to Francisco Jiménez Cardenal de Cisneros (b. 1436 - d. 1517). 1520 Annexed to Puerto Rico. 1520 - 1524 Ownership passes to Francisco de Barrionuevo (b. c.1503 - d. 1542). 1578 - 1843 Abandoned. 22 Dec 1919 - 1945 Administered by U.S. Forest Service (under Interior Dept.) 1937 - 1942 Civilian Conservation Corps projects. 1945 - 1955 Leased to U.S. Air Force.

Puerto Rican Virgin Islands
Culebra

16 Nov 1493 Discovered and claimed for Spain (Isla Pasaje). 1870 - 1876 Attempt to impose formal Spanish administration. 27 Oct 1880 Annexed to Puerto Rico as a dependency (San Ildefonso de la Culebra). 1902 - 1917 Part ofVieques. 26 Jun 1903 - 1 Jul 1975 U.S. Navy annexes large parts of the islandas part of the Culebra Naval Reservation. 5 Mar 1905 Culebra made a Special Municipal District. 1917 Created a separate island municipality.

Governors 1870 - 1876 John Stevens (Stiven) (d. 1876) 1876 - 27 Oct 1880 Vacant 27 Oct 1880 - 2 Aug 1881 Cayetano Escudero Sanz Delegate governors (gobernador delegado) 2 Aug 1881 - 1891? Cayetano Escudero Sanz 1891 - 1892 Florentino Flaile y Moscat 1893 - 1894 Ramiro Matute de Tejada 1895 - 1896 Antonio Moreno y Ramírez 1897 - 1898 Manuel Vázquez Alayón (b. 1861 - d. 1943) 1899 - 1905 Leopoldo Padrón Rivera (b. 1865 - d. 1925) Mayors (alcaldes) 1906 - 1912 Pedro Márquez Morales (b. 1849 - d. 1920) 1913 - 1916 Alejandro Márquez Laureano

Vieques

14 Nov 1493 Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus, named La Graciosa. 1685 - 1693 Attempted English settlementunder William Pellet (Crab Island). c.1689 - 1693 Danes and French also attempt to settle on Vieques. 1692 - 1692 Brief Brandenburg settlement, removed by the Danes. 1693 Spanish evict the English, Danish, French and Brandenburgers. 26 Aug 1717 - 10 Feb 1718 Attempted British settlementunderAbraham Howell (Crab Island). c.1745 - 1751 Attempted British settlement (Crab Island). 1752 Danes created a small settlement, destroyed by the Spanish. 1811 Spanish colonization begins (previously claimed byU.K., Denmark and France). 1844 Colony of Vieques, dependent on but not integrated into Puerto Rico (establishment of the parish-capital of Isabel II begun). 1845 - 1855 Construction of the Fortín Conde de Mirasol. 1846 U.K. officially ends its claim to Vieques. 1864 Officially incorporated as the 8th Military Department of Puerto Rico by Spain. 1873 Vieques incorporated into Puerto Rico as a municipality. 10 Sep 1898 Occupied by U.S. 10 Dec 1941 - 1 May 2003 Two-thirds of the island under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Navy as part of Roosevelt Roads Naval Station.

Military Commanders 1811 - 1828 Juan Roselló (b. 1782? - d. 1828) 1827 - 1828 Teófilo José Jaime María Le (b. 1790 - d. 1843) Guillou (acting forRoselló) (= Theophile Jacques Joseph Marie Le Guillou) 1828 - 1832 Francisco Roselló (d. 1832) 1832 José Moyano(interim) 1 May 1832 - 8 Jul 1843 Teófilo JoséJaimeMaría Le (s.a.) Guillou Governors 1844 - 1851 Francisco Saínz (Sáenz) 1851 - 1856 José Astorga1856 - 1857 Gregorio Tenorio 1857 - 1860 Luis de Oñativia 1860 - 1862 Francisco Gómez de Mercado (1st time) 1862 - 1864 Manuel Iturriaga (1st time) 1864 - 1866 Francisco Gómez de Mercado (2nd time) 1867 - 1870 Luis del Riego y Pica 1870 Manuel de Iturriaga (2nd time) 1870 - 1871 Luis Prats (interim) 1871 Tomás Font 1871 Juan Campos (interim) 1871 - 1872 Federico Maranges y Chavar (interim) 1872 - 1873 Cayetano Bola y Carbonell Mayors 1873 Benigno Álvarez 1873 Félix Nieto (interim) 1873 - 1874 Manuel E. Benítez