Contents: World Council of Churches - Roman Catholic Church - Eastern Catholic (Uniate) churches - Old (and Schismatic) Catholic Churches - Teutonic Order - Jesuits - Church of England - National Council of the Churches - Lutheran World Federation - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America - Lutheran Church Missouri-Synod - Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod - Swedish Church - Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland - Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church - Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Community of Christ - Czechoslovak Hussite Church - Jehovah's Witnesses - Salvation Army - Worldwide Church of God - New Apostolic Church - Assemblies of God - Seventh Day Adventists - Church of Christ (Iglesia ni Cristo) - United Church of Christ (UCC) - Orthodox churches - Schismatic Orthodox churches - Eastern non-Chalcedonian churches - Assyrian Church of the East - Judaism - World Jewish Congress - World Zionist Organization (WZO) - Samaritans - Muslim Caliphate - Isma`ilia - Dawoodi Bohra - Baha'i faith - Ahmadiyya - Nation of Islam - Tibetan Buddhism - Tibetan Buddhist Mongolia - Karma-Kagyu - Sakya - Buddhist Thailand - Soka Gakkai - Sikhism - Svetambara - Others Fulan Gong - Christian Science - Scientology - Unification Church -

World Council of Churches

WCC website

Headquarters: Geneva (Switzerland)

Note: This international ecumenical body includes most "mainline" Protestant denominations and Eastern Orthodox churches in the world.

13 May 1938                Provisional committee founded.
23 Aug 1948                World Council of Churches (WCC) formally constituted.

General Secretaries
13 May 1938 - Feb 1966     Willem Adolf Visser't Hooft        (b. 1900 - d. 1985)
                             (Netherlands) 
Feb 1966 - 16 Aug 1972     Eugene Carson Blake (U.S.)         (b. 1906 - d. 1985)
16 Aug 1972 - 31 Dec 1984  Philip Potter (Dominica)           (b. 1921 - d. 2015)
 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1992  Emilio Castro (Uruguay)            (b. 1927 - d. 2013)
 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 2003  Konrad Raiser (Germany)            (b. 1938)
 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2009  Samuel Kobia (Kenya)               (b. 1947)
 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Mar 2020  Olav Fykse Tveit (Norway)          (b. 1960)
 1 Apr 2020 - 31 Dec 2022  Ioan Sauca (Romania)               (b. 1956)
                             (acting to 3 Jun 2020, then interim)
 1 Jan 2023 -              Jerry Pillay (South Africa)        (b. 1965)

c.60                       Church of Rome founded by Jesus's Apostle Peter (Saint Peter).
14 Apr 754                 Donation of Pepin creates a temporal Papal State for the Popes
                             of the Roman Catholic Church (also called the Papal States 
                             or the States of the Church; in Latin Status Pontificius, in
                             Italian Stato della Chiesa)(confirmed 756 and 774, codified in
                             781).
16 Jul 1054                The "Great Schism" divides the church into Eastern (Orthodox) and 
                             Western (Roman Catholic) churches.
 9 Mar 1309 - 13 Jan 1377  Popes rule from Avignon, France (often called by historians 
                             the "Babylonian captivity" of the Church).
30 Sep 1378 - 11 Nov 1417  The "Great Schism" in the Western Church (rival popes elected).
10 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1814  Papal State annexed to France.
19 Oct 1870                Incorporation of Rome and the Patrimony of St. Peter
                             into Kingdom of Italy.
19 Oct 1870 -  7 Jun 1929  Pope's rule as "Prisoners in the Vatican" in seclusion in
                             the Vatican Palace.
 7 Jun 1929                Independence of Vatican City from Italy under the Lateran Treaty
                             (signed 11 Feb 1929).

Popes¹
c.60 -                     see Popes of the Roman Catholic Church

 ¹full Papal title:
 (a) 1870 - 7 Jun 1929: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Province of Rome, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (b) 7 Jun 1929 - 1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (c) from 1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God."

1650                       Armenian Catholic Church founded.
26 Nov 1740                Patriarchate established.

Catholicoi and Patriarchs of Cilicia of the Armenians for All the Catholic Armenians 
26 Nov 1740 -  1 Oct 1749  Apraham Bedros I Ardzivian         (b. 1679 - d. 1749)
23 Sep 1750 -  9 Jun 1753  Hagop Bedros II Hovsepian          (b. 1689 - d. 1753)
22 Jul 1754 - 28 Nov 1780  Mikael Bedros III Kasparian        (d. 1780)
25 Jun 1781 -  6 Feb 1788  Parsegh Bedros IV Avkadian         (b. 1743 - d. 1788)
15 Sep 1788 - 17 Jun 1812  Krikor Bedros V Kupelian           (b. 1738 - d. 1812)
19 Dec 1814 - 22 Sep 1840  Krikor Bedros VI Djeranian         (d. 1840)
27 Jan 1842 -  6 Feb 1843  Hagop Bedros VII Holassian         (d. 1843)
25 Jan 1844 -  9 Jan 1866  Krikor Bedros VIII Asdvadzadourian (d. 1866)
12 Jul 1867 - Jun 1881     Andon Bedros IX Hassoun (Hassunian)(b. 1809 - d. 1884)
                             (from 13 Dec 1880, Cardinal Andon Bedros IX) 
c.1870 - ....              Jacob (anti-patriarch)
 4 Aug 1881 -  1 May 1899  Stepan Bedros X Azarian            (b. 1826 - d. 1899)
14 Dec 1899 - 18 Apr 1904  Boghos Bedros XI Emmanuelian       (b. 1829 - d. 1904)
14 Nov 1904 - Apr 1910     Boghos Bedros XII Sabbaghian       (b. 1836 - d. 1915)
27 Nov 1911 - 31 May 1931  Boghos Bedros XIII Terzian         (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
16 Oct 1931 - 26 Oct 1937  Avedis Bedros XIV Arpiarian        (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
13 Dec 1937 - 25 Aug 1962  Krikor Bedros XV Agagianian        (b. 1895 - d. 1971)
                             (from 18 Feb 1946, Cardinal Krikor Bedros XV) 
15 Nov 1962 - 22 Apr 1976  Iknadios Bedros XVI Batanian       (b. 1899 - d. 1979)
 3 Jul 1976 - 31 May 1982  Hemaiag Bedros XVII Ghedighian     (b. 1905 - d. 1998)
                             (Guedikian)
 5 Aug 1982 - 28 Nov 1998  Hovhannes Bedros XVIII Kasparian   (b. 1927 - d. 2011)
13 Oct 1999 - 25 Jun 2015  Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni         (b. 1940 - d. 2015)
25 Jun 2015 - 25 May 2021  Krikor Bedros XX Gabroyan          (b. 1934 - d. 2021)
                             (administrator to 25 Jul 2015)
26 May 2021 - 23 Sep 2021  Boutros Marayati (administrator)   (b. 1948)
23 Sep 2021 -              Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian       (b. 1946)

 8 May 1924                Apostolic Exarchate for the Byzantine-Rite Faithful of
                             Subcarpathia.
 6 Jul 1963                Eparchy of Pittsburgh of the Ruthenians.
21 Feb 1969                Metropolitan See of Munhall of the Ruthenians.
11 Mar 1977                Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh.

Bishops
15 Jun 1924 - 13 May 1948  Basil Takacs (Takach)              (b. 1879 - d. 1948)
13 May 1948 - 12 Dec 1954  Daniel Ivancho                     (b. 1908 - d. 1972)
 5 Feb 1955 - 22 Dec 1967  Nicholas T. Elko                   (b. 1909 - d. 1991)
22 Dec 1967 - 11 Jun 1969  Stephen J. Kocisko                 (b. 1915 - d. 1995)
Metropolitan Archbishop of Munhall of the Ruthenians
11 Jun 1969 - 11 Mar 1977  Stephen J. Kocisko                 (s.a.)
Metropolitan Archbishops of Pittsburgh for the Byzantines
11 Mar 1977 - 12 Jun 1991  Stephen J. Kocisko                 (s.a.)
12 Jun 1991 - 13 Apr 1993  Thomas V. Dolinay                  (b. 1923 - d. 1993)
20 Apr 1993 -  8 Sep 1994  John M. Bilock (administrator)     (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
14 Sep 1994 -  7 Feb 1995  Russell A. Duker (administrator)   (b. 1943)
 7 Feb 1995 - 15 Apr 2001  Judson M. Procyk                   (b. 1931 - d. 2001)
 1 May 2001 -  9 Jul 2002  John M. Kudrick (administrator)    (b. 1947)
 9 Jul 2002 - 10 Jun 2010  Basil M. Schott                    (b. 1939 - d. 2010)
18 Jun 2010 - 19 Jan 2012  Eugene P. Yackanich (administrator)(b. 1939)
19 Jan 2012 -              William C. Skurla                  (b. 1956)

1552                       Rival Assyrian Patriarch accepts union with Rome.
1607                       Regular Assyrian Patriarch Eliyya VIII also accepts union.
1617                       Heir of Eliyya VIII breaks union.
1681                       Archbishop of Amed (Diyarbakir) is granted title of
                             Patriarch.
1692                       Patriarch of the first (1552) line breaks union;
                             only one Patriarch remains.

Catholicoi and Patriarchs of Babylon of the Chaldeans
21 May 1696 -  2 Jun 1712  Youssef II Silba Marouf            (b. 1667 - d. 1712)
26 Feb 1713 - 23 Jan 1757  Youssef III Timotheos Maraugin     (d. 1757)
 8 Feb 1757 - 1781         Youssef IV Timotheus Lazar Hindi   (b. 1726 - d. 1796)
1781 -  3 Apr 1828         Youssef V Augustine Hindi          (b. 17.. - d. 1828)
                             (patriarchal administrator to 15 Jan 1802;
                             apostolic administrator to 8 Sep 1804)
 3 Apr 1828 -  5 Aug 1830  Vacant
 5 Aug 1830 - 16 Aug 1838  Youhanan VIII Hormez (Hormizd)     (b. 1760 - d. 1838)
                             (claimed the patriarchate from 1780;
                             patriarchal administrator of Amed 1791 - 1793)
16 Aug 1838 - May 1847     Nicolawos Zaya (Zeia)              (d. 1855)
11 Sep 1848 - 29 Mar 1878  Youssef VI Audo                    (b. 1790 - d. 1878)
28 Feb 1879 - 27 Jun 1894  Eliyya XIV [XIII] Abbo-Alyonan     (b. 1840 - d. 1894)
28 Oct 1894 -  6 Nov 1899  Abdishu V Khayat                   (b. 1827 - d. 1899)
 9 Jul 1900 - 21 Jul 1947  Yousef VI Emmanuel II Toma         (b. 1852 - d. 1947)
17 Sep 1947 -  8 Jul 1958  Youssef VII Ghanima                (b. 1881 - d. 1958)
13 Dec 1958 - 13 Apr 1989  Paul II Cheikho                    (b. 1906 - d. 1989)
21 May 1989 -  7 Jul 2003  Raphael I Bidawid                  (b. 1922 - d. 2003)
 7 Jul 2003 -  3 Dec 2003  Shlemon Warduni                    (b. 1943)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 3 Dec 2003 - 19 Dec 2012  Emmanuel III Delly                 (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
                             (from 24 Nov 2007, Emmanuel III Cardinal Delly)
19 Dec 2012 -  1 Feb 2013  Jacques Ishaq                      (b. 1938)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 1 Feb 2013 - 19 Feb 2022  Louis Raphaël I Sako               (b. 1948)
                             (from 28 Jun 2018, Louis Raphaël I Cardinal Sako)
Catholicos and Patriarch of Baghdad of the Chaldeans
19 Feb 2022 -              Louis Raphaël I Cardinal Sako      (s.a.)

 4 Aug 1741                Apostolic Vicariate for Coptic Catholics created.
15 Aug 1824                Maximos II is granted title Patriarch for life; after his death on
                             30 Aug 1831 his successors are again only named apostolic vicars.
26 Nov 1895                Patriarchate restored.

Apostolic Vicars for Coptic Catholics
1742 - 1744?               Athanasios (Athanase)
1744? - Jul 1748           Giusto Marsghi (Juste Marsghi)
1748 - 1751                Jacques de Kremsier (Jakub Římař)
1751 - 1757                Paolo d'Angnone
1757 - 1761                Giuseppe de Sassello
1761 - 1778                Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (1st time)
1778 - 1781                Gervais d'Ormeal
 7 Jan 1781 - 26 Jun 1781  Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (2nd time) 
1781 - 1783                Jean Farargi
1783 - 1785                Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (3rd time) 
1785 - 1787                Bishai Nosser
1787 - 1788                Michelangelo Pacelli de Tricario
24 Apr 1788 - 1822         Mathieu Righet                     (d. 1822)
1822 - 30 Aug 1831         Maximos Jouwed                     (d. 1831)
                             (from 15 Aug 1824, titled Patriarch Maximos II)
22 Jun 1832 - 28 Sep 1855  Théodore Abou Karim                (d. 1855)
                             (apostolic administrator) 
 2 Oct 1855 - 17 Feb 1864  Athanasios Kyriakos Khouzam        (d. 1864)
                             (apostolic administrator)
17 Feb 1864 -  3 Feb 1866  Vacant
 3 Feb 1866 - 1876         Agapios Bishai                     (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
                             (apostolic administrator)
1876 - 1887                Antoun di Marco
                             (visiting apostolic vicar)
1887 - 1889                Antoun Nabad (provicar)
1889 - 1892                Simon Barraia (provicar)
1892 - 1895                Antoun Kabes (provicar)
15 Mar 1895 - 19 Jun 1899  Cyrille Macaire (Kyrillos Makarios)(b. 1867 - d. 1921)
                             (apostolic administrator)
Patriarchs of Alexandria of the Copts
19 Jun 1899 - 30 May 1908  Cyrillus II Macaire                (s.a.)
1908 - 13 Jan 1925         Maximos Sedfaoui                   (b. 1863 - d. 1925)
                             (apostolic administrator)
30 Dec 1927 -  9 Aug 1947  Markos Khouzam                     (b. 1888 - d. 1958)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 9 Aug 1947 -  2 Feb 1958  Markos II Khouzam                  (s.a.)
10 May 1958 - 24 May 1986  Stephanos I Sidarouss              (b. 1904 - d. 1987)
                             (from 22 Feb 1965, Cardinal Stephanos I)
24 Feb 1984 -  9 Jun 1986  Andraos Ghattas                    (b. 1920 - d. 2009)
                             (apostolic administrator [for Stephanos I to 24 May 1986])
 9 Jun 1986 - 27 Mar 2006  Stephanos II (= Ghattas)           (s.a.)
                             (from 21 Feb 2001, Cardinal Stephanos II)
30 Mar 2006 - 18 Jan 2013  Antonios I Naguib                  (b. 1935 - d. 2022)
                             (from 20 Nov 2010, Cardinal Antonios)   
18 Jan 2013 -              Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak               (b. 1955)

17 Jun 1777                Greek Catholic Diocese of Križevci created.
1966                       See transferred to Zagreb. 

Bishops of Križevci 
15 Jul 1777 -  9 May 1785  Bazilije Božičković                (b. 1719 - d. 1785)
 9 May 1785 - 30 Mar 1789  Vacant   
30 Mar 1789 - Aug 1793     Jozafat Bastašić                   (b. 1740 - d. 1793)
 8 Nov 1795 - 14 Jun 1810  Silvestar Bubanović                (b. 1754 - d. 1810)
14 Jun 1810 - 10 Sep 1815  Vacant   
10 Sep 1815 - 31 Jul 1830  Konstantin Stanić                  (b. 1757 - d. 1830)
31 Jul 1830 -  8 Sep 1834  Vacant 
 8 Sep 1834 - 14 Mar 1856  Gabrijel Smičiklas                 (b. 1783 - d. 1856)
21 Dec 1857 - 20 Apr 1881  Đorđe (Djordje) Smičiklas          (b. 1815 - d. 1881)
20 Apr 1881 - 15 Mar 1883  Vacant   
15 Mar 1883 - 20 Mar 1889  Ilija (Elias) Hranilović           (b. 1850 - d. 1889)
20 Mar 1889 - 17 Dec 1891  Vacant      
17 Dec 1891 - 18 May 1917  Julije (Iulius) Drohobeczky        (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
18 May 1917 - 14 Apr 1940  Dionýz Njarady                     (b. 1874 - d. 1940)
                             (apostolic administrator to 1 May 1920)
16 Aug 1941 -  9 Aug 1946  Janko Šimrak                       (b. 1883 - d. 1946) 
                             (apostolic administrator to 9 May 1942)
 9 Aug 1946 - 22 Feb 1952  Vacant
23 Feb 1952 -  2 Mar 1961  Gabrijel Bukatko                   (b. 1913 - d. 1981)
                             (apostolic administrator to 22 Jul 1960)
 2 Mar 1961 - 24 Feb 1963  Vacant
24 Feb 1963 - 22 Jan 1983  Joakim Segedi (auxiliary bishop)   (b. 1904 - d. 2004)
22 Jan 1983 - 25 May 2009  Slavomir Miklovš                   (b. 1934 - d. 2011)
25 May 2009 - 18 Mar 2019  Nikola Kekić                       (b. 1943)
18 Mar 2019 -              Milan Stipić                       (b. 1978)
                             (apostolic administrator to 8 Sep 2020)

1873                       Hungarian (Greek) Apostolic Vicariate created.
 8 Jun 1912                Diocese of Hajdúdorog created.
20 Mar 2015                Elevated to Archdiocese of Hajdúdorog. 

Apostolic Vicars
1873 - 1875                Vacant
1875 - 21 Oct 1895         János Danilovics                   (b. 1834 - d. 1895)
21 Oct 1895 - 15 Jun 1901  Vacant 
Jun 1901 -  6 Dec 1909     Endre Lengyel                      (b. 1844 - d. 1909)
 6 Dec 1909 -  1 Jan 1911  Vacant        
 1 Jan 1911 - 23 Feb 1914  Mihály Jaczkovics                  (b. 1858 - d. 1914)
Bishops of Hajdúdorog
 1 Jun 1912 -  5 Oct 1913  Antal Papp                         (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 5 Oct 1913 - 30 Oct 1937  István Miklósy                     (b. 1857 - d. 1937)
30 Oct 1937 - 14 May 1939  Vacant
14 May 1939 - 15 Jul 1972  Miklós Dudás                       (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
15 Jul 1972 -  7 Jan 1975  Vacant
 7 Jan 1975 - 30 Mar 1988  Imre Timkó                         (b. 1920 - d. 1988)
                             (apostolic administrator to 8 Feb 1975)
30 Jun 1988 - 10 Nov 2007  Szilárd Keresztes                  (b. 1932)
10 Nov 2007 -  2 May 2008  Vacant
 2 May 2008 - 20 Mar 2015  Péter Fülöp Kocsis                 (b. 1963)
Archbishop of Hajdúdorog
20 Mar 2015 -              Péter Fülöp Kocsis                 (s.a.)

c.681                      Maronite Church founded.
1182                       Formally confirms union with Rome.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All the East of the Maronites 
20 May 1670 -  3 May 1704  Stephen Douaihy                    (b. 1630 - d. 1704)
12 May 1704 - 10 Oct 1705  Gabriel Blauza                     (b. 1625 - d. 1705)
 6 Nov 1705 - 12 Feb 1733  Jacob IV Awad                      (d. 1733)
25 Feb 1733 - 13 May 1742  Joseph V Dergham El-Khazen         (d. 1742)
16 Mar 1743 - 12 Feb 1756  Syméon VII Awad                    (b. 1683 - d. 1756)
28 Feb 1756 - 29 May 1766  Toubia El-Khazen                   (d. 1766)
 9 Jun 1766 - 22 Apr 1793  Joseph VI Estephan (Stephan)       (b. 1729 - d. 1793)
                             (suspended 25 Jun 1779 - 28 Sep 1784)
10 Sep 1793 - 17 May 1795  Michel Fadel                       (d. 1795)
14 Jun 1795 - 12 Apr 1796  Philip Gemayel                     (b. 1740 - d. 1796)
28 Apr 1796 -  8 Jun 1809  Youssif Tyan                       (b. 1760 - d. 1820)
 8 Jun 1809 - 12 May 1823  Yuhanna El-Helou                   (b. 17.. - d. 1823)
25 May 1823 - 23 May 1845  Youssif Hobeiche (Hobaish)         (b. 1787 - d. 1845)
 8 Aug 1845 -  3 Nov 1854  Youssif El-Khazen (Joseph IX)      (b. 1791 - d. 1854)
12 Nov 1854 - 18 Apr 1890  Boulos Massaad                     (b. 1806 - d. 1890)
28 Apr 1890 - 24 Dec 1898  Yuhanna El-Haj                     (b. 1817 - d. 1898)
 6 Jan 1899 - 24 Dec 1931  Elias Hoyek (Hoayek)               (b. 1843 - d. 1931)
30 Apr 1932 - 19 May 1955  Antoun Arida                       (b. 1863 - d. 1955)
28 May 1955 - 11 Jan 1975  Boulos Méouchi                     (b. 1894 - d. 1975)
                             (from 22 Feb 1965, Boulos Cardinal Méouchi) 
 3 Feb 1975 -  3 Apr 1986  Antoine Khoraiche                  (b. 1907 - d. 1994)
                             (from 2 Feb 1983, Antoine Cardinal Khoraiche) 
19 Apr 1986 - 26 Feb 2011  Nasrallah Sfeir                    (b. 1920 - d. 2019)
                             (from 26 Nov 1994, Nasrallah Cardinal Sfeir)
15 Mar 2011 -              Béchara Raï                        (b. 1940)
                             (from 24 Nov 2012, Béchara Cardinal Raï)

 1 Oct 1724                Church enters union with Rome, splitting from the
                             Antiochian Orthodox church.

Patriarchs of Antioch and of All the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem
of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
 1 Oct 1724 - 19 Jul 1759  Cyrille VI Tanas                   (b. 1680 - d. 1759)
19 Jul 1759 -  1 Aug 1760  Athanase IV Jawhar (1st time)      (b. 1733 - d. 1794)
 1 Aug 1760 -  1 Aug 1760  Maximos II Hakim                   (b. c.1689 - d. 1760)
24 Dec 1761 - 10 Apr 1788  Théodose V Dahan                   (b. 1698 - d. 1788)
16 Feb 1765 - 1768         Athanase IV Jawhar (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (anti-patriarch)
 5 May 1788 -  2 Dec 1794  Athanase IV Jawhar (3rd time)      (s.a.)
11 Dec 1794 -  6 Aug 1796  Cyrille VII Siage                  (d. 1796)
11 Sep 1796 -  2 Feb 1812  Agapios II Matar                   (b. 1742 - d. 1812)
21 Feb 1812 - 18 Nov 1812  Ignace IV Sarrouf                  (b. 1761 - d. 1812)
14 Aug 1813 - 20 Nov 1813  Athanase V Matar                   (b. 17.. - d. 1813)
10 Dec 1813 - 15 Dec 1815  Macaire IV Tawil                   (b. 17.. - d. 1815)
10 Jul 1816 - 25 Mar 1833  Ignace V Cattan                    (b. 1752 - d. 1839)
 6 Apr 1833 - 23 Aug 1855  Maximos III Mazloum                (b. 1779 - d. 1855)
 1 Apr 1856 - 24 Sep 1864  Clément Bahous                     (b. 1799 - d. 1882)
29 Sep 1864 - 13 Jul 1897  Grégoire II Youssef-Sayour         (b. 1823 - d. 1897)
24 Feb 1898 - 24 Apr 1902  Pierre IV Géraigiry                (b. 1841 - d. 1902)
28 Jun 1902 - 12 Jan 1916  Cyrille VIII Geha                  (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
12 Jan 1916 -  6 Apr 1919  Vacant
 6 Apr 1919 - 25 Oct 1925  Dimitrios I Cadi                   (b. 1861 - d. 1925)
 8 Dec 1925 -  8 Sep 1947  Cyrille IX Moghabghab              (b. 1855 - d. 1947)
30 Oct 1947 -  5 Nov 1967  Maximos IV Saïgh                   (b. 1878 - d. 1967)
                             (from 22 Feb 1965, Cardinal Maximos IV Saïgh) 
22 Nov 1967 - 22 Nov 2000  Maximos V Hakim                    (b. 1908 - d. 2001)
 6 Jun 2000 - 29 Nov 2000  Jean Assaad Haddad                 (b. 1926 - d. 2021)
                             (apostolic administrator)
29 Nov 2000 -  6 May 2017  Grégoire III Laham                 (b. 1933)
 6 May 2017 - 21 Jun 2017  Jean-Clément Jeanbart              (b. 1943)
                             (apostolic administrator)
21 Jun 2017 -              Joseph I Absi                      (b. 1946)

 7 May 1700                Union with Rome (at of union signed 7 Oct 1698).
16 Nov 1854                Metropolis
 1 Dec 1948                Church outlawed.
31 Dec 1989                Church re-legalized.

Bishops of Alba Iulia
22 Jan 1698 - 19 Aug 1713  Atanasie Anghel                    (b. c.1660 - d. 1713)
                             (Athanasie Anghel Popa)
1715 -  3 Feb 1721         Ioan Giurgiu Patachi               (b. 1680 - d. 1727)
Bishops of Alba Iulia and Făgăraș (and from 6 Dec 1835, and Metropolitans)
 3 Feb 1721 - 29 Oct 1727  Ioan Giurgiu Patachi               (s.a.)
11 Nov 1730 -  7 May 1751  Ioan Inocențiu Micu-Klein          (b. 1692 - d. 1768)
28 Feb 1752 - 27 Jan 1764  Petru Pavel Aron                   (b. 1709 - d. 1764)
22 Apr 1765 -  2 May 1772  Atanasie Rednic                    (b. 1722 - d. 1772)
 8 May 1773 - 13 Mar 1782  Grigore Maior                      (b. 1715 - d. 1785)
15 Dec 1783 -  2 Oct 1830  Ioan Bob                           (b. 1739 - d. 1830)
23 Aug 1832 - 10 Apr 1850  Ioan Lemeni                        (b. 1780 - d. 1861)
17 Feb 1851 - 16 Nov 1854  Alexandru Sterca Șuluțiu de        (b. 1794 - d. 1867)
                             Cărpiniș
Archbishops of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia and Metropolitans
16 Nov 1854 -  7 Sep 1867  Alexandru Sterca Șuluțiu de        (s.a.)
                             Cărpiniș
21 Dec 1868 - 31 Jul 1892  Ioan Vancea                        (b. 1820 - d. 1892)
18 Mar 1895 - 21 Jan 1918  Victor Mihaly de Apșa              (b. 1841 - d. 1918)
 9 Aug 1919 - 25 Jan 1935  Vasile Suciu                       (b. 1873 - d. 1935)
29 Aug 1936 -  5 Jun 1941  Alexandru Nicolescu                (b. 1882 - d. 1941)
1941 - 1947                Valeriu Traian Frențiu             (b. 1875 - d. 1952)
                             (apostolic administrator)
1947 - 27 Jun 1953         Ioan Suciu                         (b. 1907 - d. 1953)
                             (apostolic administrator)
14 Mar 1990 - 20 Jul 1994  Alexandru Todea                    (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
                             (from 28 Jun 1991, Alexandru Cardinal Todea) 
1992 - 20 Jul 1994         Gheorghe Guțiu                     (b. 1924 - d. 2011)
                             (apostolic administrator)
20 Jul 1994 - 16 Dec 2005  Lucian Mureșan                     (b. 1931)
Major Archbishop of Fagaras and Alba Iulia
16 Dec 2005 -              Lucian Mureșan                     (s.a.)
                             (from 18 Feb 2012, Lucian Cardinal Mureşan)       

24 Apr 1646                Union with Rome 
28 Aug 1949 - 16 Jan 1991  Church outlawed.

Apostolic Vicars and Auxiliary Bishops of Mukachevo of the Byzantines
 5 Nov 1689 - 22 Aug 1706  Iosif Ioan de Kamelis              (b. 1641 - d. 1706)
                             (Joseph de Camillis)
1707 - 1710                Jurij Havryjil Vynnyc'kyj          (b. 1660 - d. 1713)
                             (Jerzy Winnicki)(administrator)
1710 - 1715                Iános József Hodermárszky          (d. 1729)
                             (Iosif Hodermarski)
 3 Apr 1716 - 22 Jul 1733  György Bizánczy                    (b. 1657 - d. 1733)
                             (Gennadiy Bizantsiy)
26 Aug 1733 - 24 Dec 1737  Simon István Olsavszky             (b. 1692 - d. 1737)
14 Jan 1738 - 21 Dec 1742  György Gábor Blazsovszky           (b. c.1705 - d. 1742)
12 Mar 1743 -  5 Nov 1767  Mihály Emánuel Olsavszky           (b. 1697 - d. 1767)
22 Jan 1768 - 23 Sep 1771  János Bradács (Ioann Bradach)      (b. 1732 - d. 1772)
Bishops of Mukachevo of the Byzantines
23 Sep 1771 -  4 Jul 1772  János Bradács (Ioann Bradach)      (s.a.)
 8 Mar 1773 - 19 Nov 1809  Andrey Bachinsky (Andrij Bacynskyj)(b. 1732 - d. 1809)
30 Sep 1808 - 30 Dec 1815  Mikhail Bradach (Mykhaylo Bradács) (b. 1748 - d. 1815)
                             (auxiliary bishop)
28 Jul 1817 - 11 Jul 1831  Alexy Póvsy (Alexis Pótsy)         (b. 1753 - d. 1831)
11 Jul 1831 -  2 Oct 1837  Vacant
 2 Oct 1837 - 19 Oct 1864  Vasiliy Popovic (Vasyl Popovics)   (b. 1796 - d. 1864)
19 Oct 1864 - 22 Feb 1867  Vacant
22 Feb 1867 - 29 Aug 1874  István Pankovic (Stefano Pankovics)(b. 1820 - d. 1874)
12 Mar 1875 - 24 Mar 1891  János Pástzélyi-Kovács             (b. 1826 - d. 1891)
17 Dec 1891 -  1 Jun 1912  Gyula Firczák (Yuliy Firtsak)      (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
 2 Jun 1912 - 14 Jul 1924  Antal Papp                         (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
16 Jul 1924 - 26 Apr 1931  Petro Gebey (Péter Gebé)           (b. 1864 - d. 1931)
 3 May 1932 - 31 May 1943  Alexander Stojka (Oleksandr Stoyka)(b. 1890 - d. 1943)
 1 Jan 1944 -  8 Sep 1944  Miklós Dudás                       (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
                             (apostolic administrator)
24 Sep 1944 - 31 Oct 1947  Teodor Romzha                      (b. 1911 - d. 1947)
                             (apostolic administrator)
14 Oct 1945 - 1948         Nestor (= Georgy Sidoruk)          (b. 1904 - d. 1951)
                             (appointed by Moscow)
1945 - 26 May 1983         Alexander (Oleksandr) Chira        (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
                             (exiled 10 Feb 1949 - Sep 1956 in Russian SFSR,
                             from Dec 1957 in Kazakh S.S.R.)
16 Jan 1991 - 12 Nov 2002  Ivan Semedi                        (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
                             (appointed 26 May 1983)           
12 Nov 2002 - 14 Jul 2020  Milan Šašik                        (b. 1952 - d. 2020)
                             (apostolic administrator to 6 Jan 2003)
20 Jul 2020 -              Yuriy "Nil" Lushchak               (b. 1973)
                             (apostolic administrator)

1662                       Patriarchate created.
1702                       Patriarchate abolished.
1782                       Patriarchate restored.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All the East of the Syriacs 
1662 - 24 Jul 1677         Ignace André Akhidjan              (b. 1622 - d. 1677)
 2 Apr 1678 - Feb 1702     Ignace Pierre VI Chaahbadine       (b. 1640 - d. 1702)
Feb 1702 - 22 Jan 1782     Patriarchate abolished
22 Jan 1782 -  4 Sep 1800  Ignace Michael III Jarweh          (b. 1730 - d. 1800)
20 Dec 1801 - Sep 1810     Ignace Michael IV Daher            (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
 2 Jan 1811 -  1 Jun 1818  Ignace Simon II Zora               (b. 1754 - d. 1838)
25 Feb 1820 - 16 Oct 1851  Ignace Pierre VII Jarweh           (b. 1777 - d. 1851)
30 Mar 1853 - 14 Mar 1864  Ignace Antoun I Samhery            (b. 1801 - d. 1864)
 6 Aug 1866 -  7 Mar 1874  Ignace Philippe I Arcous           (b. 1826 - d. 1874)
21 Dec 1874 -  8 Dec 1891  Ignace Georges V Chalhat           (b. 1818 - d. 1891)
12 Oct 1893 - 13 Sep 1897  Ignace Behnam II Behni             (b. 1831 - d. 1897)
 9 Oct 1898 -  7 May 1929  Ignace Ephrem II Rahmani           (b. 1848 - d. 1929)
24 Jun 1929 - 29 Jan 1968  Ignace Gabriel I Tappouni          (b. 1879 - d. 1968)
                             (from 16 Dec 1935, Cardinal Ignatius Gabriel Tappouni) 
10 Mar 1968 - 23 Jul 1998  Ignace Antoun II Hayek             (b. 1910 - d. 2007)
13 Oct 1998 -  8 Jan 2001  Ignace Moussa I Daoud              (b. 1930 - d. 2012)
16 Feb 2001 -  2 Feb 2008  Ignace Pierre VIII Abdel-Ahad      (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
 2 Feb 2008 - 21 Jan 2009  Apostolic administrators
                           - Théophile Georges Kassab of      (b. 1945 - d. 2013)
                               Homs, Hama, and Nabk    
                           - Athanase Matti Shaba Matoka of   (b. 1930)
                               Baghdad                    
                           - Grégoire Elias Tabé of Damascus  (b. 1941)
21 Jan 2009 -              Ignace Joseph III Younan           (b. 1944)

26 Jun 1599                St. Thomas Christians are included in the Catholic church.
28 Jul 1896                Vicariate Apostolic of Ernakulam (Syro-Malabar).
21 Dec 1923                Archdiocese of Ernakulam (Syro-Malabar).
16 Dec 1992                Rank of Major Archbishop (head of the church) created,
                             renamed Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly (Syro-Malabar).

Metropolitans and the Gate of All India, Major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly
of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
16 Dec 1992 - 11 Nov 1996  Antony Cardinal Padiyara           (b. 1921 - d. 2000)
                             (archbishop from 23 Apr 1985)
11 Nov 1996 -  1 Apr 2011  Varkey Vithayathil                 (b. 1927 - d. 2011)
                             (apostolic administrator to 23 Dec 1999)
                             (from 21 Feb 2001, Varkey Cardinal Vithayathil)
 1 Apr 2011 - 26 May 2011  Mar Bosco Puthur                   (b. 1946)
                             (apostolic administrator)
26 May 2011 -              George Alencherry                  (b. 1945)
                             (from 18 Feb 2012, George Cardinal Alencherry)

11 Jun 1932                Archeparchy of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara) erected.

Archbishops of Trivandrum
11 Jun 1932 - 15 Jul 1953  Mar Ivanios                        (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
27 Jan 1955 - 10 Oct 1994  Benedict Mar Gregorios             (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
29 Nov 1995 - 10 Jan 2005  Cyril Mar Baselios                 (b. 1935 - d. 2007)
Metropolitan Archbishops of Trivandrum, Major Archbishops Catholicos
of the Syro-Malankara Church
10 Jan 2005 - 18 Jan 2007  Cyril Mar Baselios                 (s.a.)
18 Jan 2007 - 10 Feb 2007  Geevarghese Mar Divannasios        (b. 1950 - d. 2018)
                             (administrator)
10 Feb 2007 -              Baselios Mar Cleemis               (b. 1959)
                             (from 24 Nov 2012, Baselios Cardinal Cleemis)

 3 Jan 1596                Union with Rome; church headed by Metropolitan of Galicia
                             and Kiev.
26 Sep 1808                Metropolis of Lviv (Lemberg) established in Austria-Hungary.
23 Feb 1838                Metropolis of Kiev abolished and absorbed into Russian Orthodox
                             Chruch; Lviv becomes a Metropolis of Galicia and Lviv.
Mar 1946                   Church outlawed and in 1949 absorbed by Russian Orthodox Church.
Mar 1975                   Major Archbishop proclaims himself a Patriarch, not approved
                             by Rome.
 1 Dec 1989                Church re-legalized.
21 Aug 2005                Metropolis moved to Kiev.
 1 Sep 2023                Ukrainian Catholic Church discontinues using the Julian calendar
                             in-favor of the Revised Julian calendar.

Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'
15 Feb 1693 - 24 Aug 1708  Lev Slyubych-Zalens'kyy             (b. 1648 - d. 1708)
                             (Lew Ślubičz Załęnski)
                             (administrator to 22 Sep 1695)
24 Aug 1708 - 22 Sep 1713  Yuriy Vynnyts'kyy (Jerzy Winnicki)  (b. 1660 - d. 1713)
                             (administrator to 7 May 1710)
24 Oct 1713 - 19 Nov 1728  Lev Kyška (Luka Kiszka)             (b. 1663 - d. 1728)
                             (administrator to 17 Sep 1714)
17 Aug 1729 - 12 Dec 1746  Atanasiy Sheptyts'kyy               (b. 1686 - d. 1746)
                             (Atanasij Šeptycki)
1747                       Teodosiy Lyubenets'kyy-Rudnyts'kyy  (b. c.1698 - d. 1751)
                             (Theodor Liubenetsky-Rudnitsky)
                             (not confirmed by the Pope)
Dec 1746 - 18 Jul 1762     Floriyan Grabnyts'kyy               (b. 1683 - d. 1762)
                             (Florian Hrebnicki)
                             (administrator to 16 Dec 1748)
18 Jul 1762 -  1 Feb 1778  Felitsiyan Pylyp Volodkovych        (b. 1698 - d. 1778)
                             (Felicjan Filip Wołodkowicz)
                             (coadjutor Archbishop 12 Jan 1756 - 18 Jul 1762)
 1 Feb 1778 - 24 May 1779  Lev Lyudvig Sheptyts'kyy            (b. 1717 - d. 1779)
                             (Lev Czeptytski)
                             (coadjutor Archbishop 20 Dec 1762 - 1 Feb 1778)
1779 - 27 Sep 1788         Yason Smogozhevs'kyy                (b. 1715 - d. 1788)
                             (Jason Junosza Smogorževsky)
                             (administrator to 25 Jun 1781)
 1 Nov 1788 - 25 Jan 1805  Teodosiy Rostots'kyy                (b. 1725 - d. 1805)
                             (Tadeusz Teodozy Rostocki)
1805 - 30 Aug 1809         Irakliy Lisovs'kyy                  (b. 1734 - d. 1809)
                             (Herakliusz Lissowski)
                             (administrator to 24 Jul 1806)
Metropolitans of Kiev
 3 Oct 1809 - 1814         Grygoriy Kokhanovych                (b. bf.1750 - d. 1814)
                             (Grzegorz Kochanowicz)
27 Jan 1817 - 23 Feb 1838  Yosafat Bulgak (Jozafat Bułhak)     (b. 1758 - d. 1838)
                             (administrator to 22 Sep 1818)
Metropolitans of Galicia and Archbishops (from 22 Dec 1963, Major Archbishops) of Lviv
26 Sep 1808 -  9 Aug 1814  Antin Angelovich                    (b. 1756 - d. 1814)
                             (Antoni Angełłowicz) 
 8 Mar 1816 - 14 Jan 1858  Mykhaylo Levyts'kyy (Michał Lewicki)(b. 1774 - d. 1858)
                             (from 16 Jun 1856, Mikhail Cardinal Levyts'kyy;
                             from 1848 also, Primate of Galicia and Lodomeria)
14 Jan 1858 - 23 Mar 1860  Vacant
23 Mar 1860 - 29 Apr 1863  Grygoriy Yakhymovych                (b. 1792 - d. 1863)
                             (Grzegorz Jachimowicz)
30 Jun 1863 -  4 Jun 1869  Spyrydon Lytvynovych                (b. 1810 - d. 1869)
                             (Spirydion Litwinowicz)
                             (administrator to 28 Sep 1863)
27 Jun 1870 - 11 Nov 1882  Yosif Sembratovich (Sembratovych)   (b. 1821 - d. 1900)
                             (Josyf Sembratowycz)  
Nov 1882 -  4 Aug 1898     Sylvester Sembratovich (Sembratovych(b. 1836 - d. 1898)
                             (from 29 Nov 1895, Sylvester Cardinal Sembratovych)
                             (administrator to 27 May 1885) 
19 Jun 1899 -  4 May 1900  Yulian Kuyilovs'kyy                 (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
                             (Julian Sas-Kuilovsky)
17 Dec 1900 -  1 Nov 1944  Andrey Sheptyts'kyy                 (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
                             (Andrzej Szeptycki)
 1 Nov 1944 - Mar 1975     Yosyf Slipyy-Kobernyts'kyy-         (b. 1892 - d. 1984)
                             Dychkovs'kyy (Josyf Slipyi)
                            (Soviet prisoner 11 Apr 1945 - 23 Jan 1963;
                             from 9 Feb 1963 in Rome exile)
                            (from 25 Jan 1965, Josyf Cardinal Slipyy) 
1972 - 30 Mar 1991         Volodymyr Sternyuk (Sterniuk)       (b. 1907 - d. 1997)
                             (Locum Tenens in Ukraine) 
Patriarchs of Lviv, Major Archbishops of Lviv
Mar 1975 -  7 Sep 1984     Yosyf Cardinal Slipyy-Kobernyts'kyy-(s.a.) 
                             Dychkovs'kyy (in Rome exile) 
 7 Sep 1984 - 14 Dec 2000  Myroslav Ivan Lyubachivs'kyy        (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
                             (from 25 May 1985, Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lyubachivs'kyy) 
                             (in Rome exile to 30 Mar 1991)
14 Dec 2000 -  6 Dec 2004  Lyubomyr Husar                      (b. 1933 - d. 2017)
                             (from 21 Feb 2001, Lyubomyr Cardinal Husar)
                             (Locum Tenens to 25 Jan 2001)
Patriarchs of Kiev, Major Archbishops of Kiev and Galicia (Kyyv-Halych)
 6 Dec 2004 - 10 Feb 2011  Lyubomyr Cardinal Husar             (s.a.)
10 Feb 2011 - 27 Mar 2011  Ihor Voznyak (Locum Tenens)         (b. 1952)
27 Mar 2011 -              Svyatoslav Shevchuk                 (b. 1970)

Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (Italo-Greek Catholic Church)

13 Feb 1919                Eparchy of Lungro degli Italo-Albanesi in Calabria erected for
                             Byzantine-Rite Albanians, directly subject to the Holy See.
26 Sep 1937                Exarchic Monastery of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata in Lazio given
                             the status of a territorial abbey (Territorial Abbey of Santa
                             Maria di Grottaferrata [Italo-Albanese]), directly subject to
                             Holy See.
26 Oct 1937                Eparchy of Piana del Greci (renamed 25 Oct 1941, Piana degli
                             Albanesi) in Sicily erected for Byzantine-Rite Albanians
                             (directly subject to the Holy See).

Lungro degli Italo-Albanesi

Bishops of Lungro degli Italo-Albanesi
 8 Jun 1919 - 10 Feb 1979  Giovanni Mele                      (b. 1885 - d. 1979)
20 Feb 1979 -  7 Jun 1987  Giovanni Stamati                   (b. 1912 - d. 1987) 
                             (apostolic administrator from 25 Mar 1967)
30 Nov 1987 - 10 Aug 2010  Ercole Lupinacci                   (b. 1933 - d. 2016)
10 Aug 2010 -  1 Jul 2012  Salvatore Nunnari                  (b. 1939)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 1 Jul 2012 -              Donato Oliverio                    (b. 1956)

Piana degli Albanesi‏

Bishops of (Piana del Greci to 25 Oct 1941) Piana degli Albanesi
26 Oct 1937 -  5 Jun 1981  Giuseppe Perniciaro                (b. 1907 - d. 1981)
                             (auxiliary bishop to 12 Jul 1967)
 5 Jun 1981 - 30 Nov 1987  Ercole Lupinacci                   (s.a.)
15 Oct 1988 -  8 Apr 2013  Sotìr Ferrara                      (b. 1937 - d. 2017)
 8 Apr 2013 - 28 Jun 2015  Paolo Cardinal Romeo               (b. 1938)
                             (apostolic administrator)
28 Jun 2015 -              Giorgio Demetrio Gallaro           (b. 1948)
                             (apostolic administrator from 25 Feb 2020)

Santa Maria di Grottaferrata Monastery

Abbots of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata
18 Dec 1937 - Jul 1960     Isidoro Croce                      (b. 1892 - d. 1966)
23 Jul 1960 - 18 Jan 1972  Teodoro Minisci                    (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
 4 Aug 1972 - 1994         Paolo Giannini                     (b. 1920 - d. 2006)
10 Aug 1994 - 31 Jan 2000  Marco Petta                        (b. 1921 - d. 2007)
31 Jan 2000 -  4 Nov 2013  Emiliano Fabbricatore              (b. 1938 - d. 2019)
 4 Nov 2013 -              Marcello Semeraro                  (b. 1947)
                             (from 28 Nov 2020, Marcello Cardinal Semeraro)
                             (apostolic administrator) 

Archbishops of Utrecht
27 Apr 1723 -  3 Apr 1725  Cornelius Steenoven                (b. 1661 - d. 1725)
15 May 1725 - 13 May 1733  Cornelius Johannes Barchman        (b. 1692 - d. 1733)
                             Wuytiers
22 Jul 1733 -  9 Jun 1739  Theodorus van der Croon            (b. 1668 - d. 1739)
 2 Jul 1739 - 31 Oct 1767  Petrus Johannes Meindaerts         (b. 1684 - d. 1767)
19 Nov 1767 - 14 Apr 1797  Gualterus Michael van              (b. 1722 - d. 1797)
                             Nieuwhuyzen      
10 May 1797 - 24 Jun 1808  Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn         (b. 1742 - d. 1808)
24 Jun 1808 - 10 Feb 1814  Vacant
10 Feb 1814 - 28 Feb 1825  Willibrord van Os                  (b. 1744 - d. 1825)
14 Jul 1825 -  3 Jul 1858  Johannes van Santen                (b. 1772 - d. 1858)
 7 Jul 1858 -  4 Jul 1873  Henricus Loos                      (b. 1813 - d. 1873)
16 Dec 1874 -  8 Jan 1892  Johannes Heykamp                   (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
23 Feb 1892 -  9 Feb 1920  Gerardus Gul                       (b. 1847 - d. 1920)
 8 Mar 1920 - 10 Feb 1937  Franciscus Kenninck                (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
 6 Apr 1937 -  8 Nov 1970  Andreas Rinkel                     (b. 1889 - d. 1979)
 8 Nov 1970 - 29 Dec 1981  Marinus Kok                        (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
 6 Feb 1982 - 12 Feb 2000  Antonius Jan Glazemaker            (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
11 Mar 2000 - 11 Jan 2020  Joris August Odilius Ludovicus     (b. 1952)
                             Vercammen
15 Feb 2020 -              Barend "Bernd" Theodoor Wallet     (b. 1971)        

Old Catholic Church of Great Britain

Archbishop-Primates
22 Apr 1908 - 19 Dec 1919  Arnold Harris Matthews             (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
19 Dec 1919 - 19 Jun 1952  Bernard Mary Williams              (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
16 Feb 1920 -  1 Oct 1920  Francis Herbert Bacon (co-coadjutor)

 6 Jul 1945                Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (Igreja Católica
                             Apostólica Brasileira)(ICAB) founded.

Patriarchs
 6 Jul 1945 - 26 Mar 1961  Carlos Duarte Costa                (b. 1888 - d. 1961)
1961                       José Aires da Cruz
1961 - 197.                Antídio José Vargas
                             (general supervisor)
197. - 19..                Luigi Máscolo (Luige Másculo)      (b. 1927)
19.. - 1988                Pedro dos Santos Silva 
                             (president Episcopal Council)
1988 - 29 Oct 2009         Luis Fernando Castillo Méndez      (b. 1922 - d. 2009)
2009 -                     Josivaldo Pereira de Oliveira      (b. 1948)
                             (presiding bishop)

Minister-General
10 Oct 1909 - 29 Jan 1935  Jan Maria Michał Kowalski         (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
Bishop-Primates
29 Jan 1935 - 1945         Klemens Maria Filip Feldman       (b. 1885 - d. 1971)
1945 - 1953                Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski    (b. 1872 - d. 1954)
1953 - 1955                Wacław Maria Bartłomiej           (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
                             Przysiecki
1955 - 1965                Jan Maria Michał Sitek            (b. 1906 - d. 1970)
1965 - 1972                Wacław Maria Innocenty            (b. 1913 - d. 1985)
                             Gołębiowski
 6 Sep 1972 -  8 Aug 1997  Stanisław Maria Tymoteusz         (b. 1931 - d. 1997)
                             Kowalski
1997 - 10 Jul 2007         Zdzisław Maria Włodzimierz        (b. 1937)
                             Jaworski
10 Jul 2007 - 29 Sep 2015  Michał Remigiusz Maria Ludwik     (b. 1950)
                             Jabłoński
29 Sep 2015 -              Marek Maria Karol Babi            (b. 1975)

29 Jan 1935                Catholic Church of the Mariavites-Felicjanów Group, split
                             from the Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites.

Archbishop
29 Jan 1935 - 18 May 1942  Jan Maria Michał Kowalski          (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
Archpriestess
1942 - 28 Nov 1946         Antonina Maria Izabela Wiłucka-    (b. 1890 - d. 1946)
                             Kowalska (f)
Archbishop
28 May 1950 - 17 Mar 2005  Józef Maria Rafael Wojciechowski   (b. 1917 - d. 2005)
Bishopess
21 May 2005 -              Maria Beatrycze Damiana            (b. 1935)
                             Szulgowicz (f)

1897                       Polish National Catholic Church, split from Roman Catholic Church.

Prime Bishops
Sep 1904 - 16 Feb 1953     Franciszek Hodur                   (b. 1866 - d. 1953)
                             (administrator to 29 Sep 1907)
1953 - 17 Jul 1969         Leon Grochowski                    (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
1969 - 1978                Thaddeus F. Zielinski              (b. 1904 - d. 1990)
1978 - 1985                Francis Rowinski                   (b. 1918 - d. 1990)
1985 -  8 Oct 2002         John F. Swantek                    (b. 1933 - d. 2022)
 8 Oct 2002 -  5 Oct 2010  Robert M. Nemkovich                (b. 1942)
 5 Oct 2010 -              Anthony Mikovsky                   (b. 1966)

Oct 1916                   Old Roman Catholic Church founded.
1919                       Renamed North American Old Roman Catholic Church (NAORCC).
Jan 1958                   Following the death of Archbishop Carfora, several
                             independent but cooperating jurisdictions are established.

Archbishops and Primates
 4 Oct 1916 - 22 Dec 1919  Rudolph Francis Edward Hamilton    (b. 1873 - d. 1920)
                             de Lorraine-Brabant, prince de
                             Landas Berghes 
22 Dec 1919 - 18 Jan 1958  Carmel Henry Carfora               (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
1958                       Cyrus Augustine Starkey (1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1965)
 8 Jun 1958 - 1962         Richard Arthur Marchenna           (b. 1904 - d. 1982)
                             (continues in dissidence to 2 Sep 1982)
1962 - 18 Dec 1965         Cyrus Augustine Starkey (2nd time) (s.a.)
1965 - 29 May 1988         John Emil Schweikert               (b. 1924 - d. 1988)
1988 - 27 Jan 2016         Theodore Joseph Rematt             (b. 1945 - d. 2016)
27 Jan 2016 - 14 Oct 2018  Vacant
14 Oct 2018 -              Nioclás Kelly

1940                       North American Old Roman Catholic Church, Archdiocese
                             of California incorporated (also called the North American Old
                             Roman Catholic Church – Utrecht Succession, Archdiocese of
                             California).

Presiding Archbishops, Archdiocese of California
 7 Jan 1940 - 1985         Edgar Ramon Verostek               (b. 1909 - d. 1994)
10 Aug 1985 -  7 Jan 2022  Joseph Andrew Vellone              (b. 1935 - d. 2022)
 7 Jan 2022 -              Ivan Alberto Castaňeda             (b. 1954)

North American Old Roman Catholic Church, Archdiocese of New York

1946                       North American Old Roman Catholic Church,
                             Archdiocese of New York established.

Archbishops, Archdiocese of New York
1946 - 30 Apr 1972         Hubert Augustus Rogers             (b. 1887 - d. 1976)
20 May 1972 -  1 Sep 1990  James Hubert Rogers                (b. 1920 - d. 1991)
 1 Sep 1990 - 1991         Herve Lionel Quessy                (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
 1 Sep 1991 - 10 Mar 2002  Edward James Ford (1st time)       (b. 1952)
10 Mar 2002 - 16 Jun 2007  Edmund F. Leeman, Jr.              (b. 1939 - d. 2011)
16 Jun 2007 -              Edward James Ford (2nd time)       (s.a.)

Old Catholic Church of Canada

30 Jul 1948                Old Catholic Diocese of Hamilton.
 5 Jul 1960                Diocese of Hamilton and other Canadian dioceses incorporated
                             as an independent body (Old Catholic Church of Canada)(OCCA).
2010                       Renamed Community Catholic Church of Canada (CCCC).

Bishops, Diocese of Hamilton
30 Jul 1948 - 1949         Walter P. Crossman                 (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
 1 Oct 1949 - 1953         George Frank Davis                 (b. 1899 - d. 1968)
30 May 1953 - Sep 1960     Patrick Mahoney                    (b. 1891? - d. 1964)
Presiding Bishops of the Old Catholic Church of Canada
Sep 1960 -  5 Mar 1962     Richard Arthur Marchenna           (s.a.)
 5 Mar 1962 -  9 Oct 1988  Robert Ritchie                     (b. 1907 - d. 1999)
 9 Oct 1988 - Jun 2001     David Charles Thomson              (b. 1937)
Jun 2001 - 10 Jul 2005     Arthur Cuthbert Keating            (b. 1926)
10 Jul 2005 - 2010         Patricia Josephine Davies (f)
Presiding Bishop of the Community Catholic Church of Canada
Dec 2010 -                 Deborah "Deb" Vaughan (f)

1925                       Archdiocese of the Old Catholic Church in America, separated
                             from the North American Old Roman Catholic Church.
1914                       Old Roman Catholic Church of America

Archbishops
 7 Nov 1925 - 1942         Paul Francis Cope                  (b. 1878 - d. 1969)
1942 - 1975                Francis Xavier Resch               (b. 1878 - d. 1976)
1975 -  1 Nov 1997         Walter Xavier Brown                (b. 1931 - d. 1998)
 1 Nov 1997 -  8 Mar 2009  James Edward Bostwick              (b. 1949 - d. 2009)
11 Jan 2009 -              Sherman Randall Pius Mosley        (b. 1956)
                             (coadjutor to 8 Mar 2009)
- Archbishop Metropolitans, in dissidence -
Dec 2009 - 29 May 2014     Henry Pleau                        (b. 1940)
15 Oct 2013 -  9 Nov 2017  Charles Walders
                             (coadjutor to 29 May 2014)
 9 Nov 2017 -              David Persyn

1963                       Old Roman Catholic Church English Rite, separated from
                             North American Old Roman Catholic Church.
1975                       Old Roman Catholic Church in North America
14 Jun 2019                Society of Mercy became the continuation body of Old Roman
                             Catholic Church in North America – Ultrajectine Tradition.

Archbishops
May 1963 - 20 Apr 1974     Robert Alfred Burns                (d. 1974)
 6 Oct 1973 -  5 Jan 1975  Andrew Gordon Johnston-Cantrell
                             (coadjutor)
30 Nov 1974 - 14 Jun 2019  Francis Peter Facione              (b. 1940 - d. 2019)
14 Jun 2019 -              William Myers

Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church

1971                       Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church incorporated.

Bishop
 1 Nov 1971 -  5 Nov 2006  Francis Konrad Schuckardt          (b. 1937 - d. 2006)

Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen

1967                       Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI) as a religious
                             congregation of brothers and sisters.
1971                       Split from the Roman Catholic Church.
14 Jun 1984                Re-incorporated as Latin Rite Catholic Church.
30 Jun 1984                Schuckardt excommunicates Chicoine.

Superior Generals
1967 - 14 Jun 1984         Francis Konrad Schuckardt          (s.a.)
14 Jun 1984 - 1989         Denis P. Chicoine                  (b. 1937 - d. 1995)
Aug 1989 - 1991            Mark A. Pivarunas (1st time)       (b. 1958)
1991 - 1995                Casimir M. Puskorius
1995 -                     Mark A. Pivarunas (2nd time)       (s.a.)

 4 Dec 1860                Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church (Iglesia Católica Apostólica
                             Mexicana) founded in Tamaulipas and led by priest Ramón Lozano.
                             It is promoted by the government of Benito Juárez (15 Jun 1861),
                             but it fails to attract any Catholic Church leadership and
                             dissolves after 1867.
18 Feb 1925                Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church (Iglesia Católica Apostólica
                             Mexicana)(ICAM)(also called also the Iglesia Católica Ortodoxa
                             Apostólica Mexicana) founded.
1932                       The church faces several internal crises followed by consequent
                             splits and mergers.
22 May 1983                Old Catholic Church of Mexico merges with the Mexican Catholic
                             Apostolic Church.
21 May 1993                Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church is registered in the Mexican
                             Federal Registry of Religious Associations.

Archbishops and Patriarchs
17 Oct 1926 -  9 Oct 1931  José Joaquín Pérez y Budar         (b. 1851 - d. 1931)
1931 - Sep 1932            José Macario López y Valdés
                             (administrator to Aug 1932)
25 May 1932 - May 1933     José Eduardo Dávila de la Garza    (b. c.1905 - d. 1985)
                             y Pardo
Oct 1932 - 18 Dec 1937     Juan Crisóstom I                   (b. 1861 - d. 1937)
                             (= Antonio Benigno López y Sierra)
                             (of Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church)
29 Jun 1933 - 1958         José Pedro Ortíz -Primate          (d. 1958)
                             (of Mexican Old Roman Catholic Church)
 6 Jul 1934 - 193.         José Vicente Liñán
                             (of Mexican Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church)
Patriarch Primates (Primas)
1958 -  5 Aug 1988         Armin von Monte de Honor           (b. 1900 - d. 1988)
1991 - 13 Dec 2021         José Camargo Melo                  (b. 1942 - d. 2021)

Mexican Orthodox Catholic Apostolic National Church

Pope and Supreme Pontiff of Mexico and the Americas
12 Dec 1933 - 1952         Eduardo I                          (s.a.)
                             (= José Eduardo Dávila de la Garza y Pardo)
Archbishop and Primate
1952 - 21 Sep 1985         José Eduardo Dávila de la Garza    (s.a.)
                             y Pardo

Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church (2)

1972                       Split of the ICAM creates another Mexican Catholic Apostolic
                             Church.

Archbishop-Primates
1972 - 28 Jan 1983         José Cortés y Olmos                (b. 1923 - d. 1983)
1983 -  2 Jan 2005         Emile Federico Rodríguez y         (b. 1912 - d. 2005)
                             Fairfield

 6 Aug 1978                Christian Palmarian Church of the Carmelites of the Holy Face
                             (Iglesia Cristiana Palmariana de los Carmelitas de la Santa
                             Faz) in Spain, splits from the Roman Catholic Church.

Popes
15 Aug 1978 - 22 Mar 2005  Gregory XVII                       (b. 1946 - d. 2005)
                             (= Clemente Domínguez y Gómez)
22 Mar 2005 - 15 Jul 2011  Peter II                           (b. 1934 - d. 2011)
                             (= Manuel Alonso Corral)
23 Jul 2011 - 22 Apr 2016  Gregory XVIII                      (b. 1959)
                             (= Sergio María Ginés Jesús Hernández y Martínez)
23 Apr 2016 -              Peter III                          (b. 1966)
                             (= Joseph Odermatt)

 3 Aug 1902                Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina
                             Independiente)(IFI)(Aglipayan Church) founded.

Supreme Bishops (Obispo Maximo)
 6 Sep 1902 -  1 Sep 1940  Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayán    (b. 1860 - d. 1940)
14 Oct 1940 - 21 Jan 1946  Santiago Fonacier y Suguítan       (b. 1885 - d. 1977)
22 Jan 1946 -  1 Sep 1946  Gerardo Bayaca y Medina            (b. 1893 - d. 1975)
 1 Sep 1946 - 10 Oct 1971  Isabelo Valentin de los Reyes      (b. 1900 - d. 1971)
                             y López
 3 Nov 1971 - 10 May 1981  Macario Ga y Vilches               (b. 1913 - d. 2002)
10 May 1981 - 10 May 1987  Abdias de la Cruz y Rebantád       (b. 1931 - d. 2019)
10 May 1987 - 26 May 1989  Solimán Ganno y Florés             (b. 1931 - d. 1989)
22 Jun 1989 - 10 May 1993  Tito Pasco y Esquíllo              (b. 1930 - d. 2008)
10 May 1993 - 10 May 1999  Alberto Ramento y Baldovino        (b. 1936 - d. 2006)
10 May 1999 - 10 May 2005  Tomás Millamena y Amabran          (b. 1947 - d. 2014)
10 May 2005 - 10 May 2011  Godofredo David y Juico            (b. 1956)
10 May 2011 - 25 Jun 2017  Ephraim Fajutagana y Servañez      (b. 1951)
25 Jun 2017 - May 2023     Rhee Millena Timbang               (b. 1961)
May 2023 -                 Joel O. Porlares

27 Sep 1540                Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu) founded.
16 Aug 1773 -  7 Aug 1814  Suppressed by Papal decree (except in Russia; status
                             in Russia approved by Papal decree 7 Mar 1801).

Superior Generals
19 Apr 1541 - 31 Jul 1556  Ignacio de Loyola                  (b. 1491 - d. 1556)
 2 Jul 1558 - 19 Jan 1565  Diego Laínez Gómez de León         (b. 1512 - d. 1565)
 2 Jul 1565 -  1 Oct 1572  Francisco de Borja y Aragón        (b. 1510 - d. 1572)
23 Apr 1573 -  1 Aug 1580  Everard (Lardinois) Mercurian      (b. 1514 - d. 1580)
19 Feb 1581 - 31 Jan 1615  Claudio Acquaviva                  (b. 1543 - d. 1615)
15 Nov 1615 -  9 Feb 1645  Muzio (Mutio) Vitelleschi          (b. 1563 - d. 1645)
 7 Jan 1646 -  8 Jun 1649  Vincenzo Carafa                    (b. 1585 - d. 1649)
21 Dec 1649 - 17 Jun 1651  Francesco Piccolomini              (b. 1582 - d. 1651)
21 Jan 1652 - 12 Mar 1652  Alessandro Luigi Gottifredi        (b. 1595 - d. 1652)
17 Mar 1652 - 31 Jul 1664  Goschwin Nickel                    (b. 1582 - d. 1664)
31 Jul 1664 - 26 Nov 1681  Giovanni Paolo Oliva               (b. 1600 - d. 1681)
 5 Jul 1682 - 12 Dec 1686  Charles de Noyelle                 (b. 1615 - d. 1686)
 6 Jul 1687 - 27 Oct 1705  Tirso González de Santalla         (b. 1624 - d. 1705)
31 Jan 1706 - 28 Feb 1730  Michelangelo Tamburini             (b. 1648 - d. 1730)
30 Nov 1730 - 19 Nov 1750  Franz Retz                         (b. 1673 - d. 1750)
 4 Jul 1751 -  4 May 1755  Ignazio Visconti                   (b. 1686 - d. 1755)
30 Nov 1755 -  2 Oct 1757  Alessandro Luigi Centurione        (b. 1686 - d. 1757)
21 May 1758 - 24 Nov 1775  Lorenzo Ricci                      (b. 1703 - d. 1775)
24 Nov 1775 -  7 Aug 1814  Post abolished
Superior Generals for Russia
17 Oct 1782 - 21 Oct 1785  Stanisław Czerniewicz              (b. 1727 - d. 1786)
 8 Oct 1785 - 21 Oct 1798  Gabryel Lenkiewicz -Vicar-general  (b. 1722 - d. 1798)
12 Feb 1799 - 11 Aug 1802  Franciszek Ksawery Karü            (b. 1731 - d. 1802)
                             (vicar-general to 7 Mar 1801)
22 Oct 1802 -  6 Apr 1805  Gabryel Gruber                     (b. 1740 - d. 1805)
14 Sep 1805 -  7 Aug 1814  Tadeusz Brzozowski                 (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
Superior Generals
 7 Aug 1814 -  5 Feb 1820  Tadeusz Brzozowski                 (s.a.)
18 Oct 1820 - 27 Jan 1829  Luigi Fortis                       (b. 1749 - d. 1829)
 9 Jul 1829 -  8 May 1853  Johannes Philippus Roothaan        (b. 1785 - d. 1853)
 2 Aug 1853 -  4 Mar 1887  Pieter Jan (Pierre Jean) Beckx     (b. 1795 - d. 1887)
 5 Mar 1887 - 18 Jan 1892  Anton Maria Anderledy              (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
 2 Oct 1892 - 18 Apr 1906  Luis Martín García                 (b. 1846 - d. 1906)
 8 Sep 1906 - 19 Aug 1914  Franz Xaver Wernz                  (b. 1842 - d. 1914) 
11 Feb 1915 - 13 Dec 1942  Włodzimierz Halka-Ledóchowski      (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
14 Dec 1942 - 12 Apr 1944  Alessio Magni-Vicar-general        (b. 1872 - d. 1944)
19 Apr 1944 - 15 Sep 1946  Norbert De Boynes -Vicar-general   (b. 1870 - d. 1954)
15 Sep 1946 -  5 Oct 1964  Jean-Baptiste Janssens             (b. 1899 - d. 1964)
22 May 1965 -  3 Sep 1983  Pedro Arrupe y Gondra              (b. 1907 - d. 1991) 
 5 Oct 1981 - 13 Sep 1983  Paolo Dezza -Papal delegate        (b. 1901 - d. 1999)
13 Sep 1983 - 14 Jan 2008  Peter Hans Kolvenbach              (b. 1928 - d. 2016)
19 Jan 2008 - 14 Oct 2016  Adolfo Nicolás Pachón              (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
14 Oct 2016 -              Arturo Marcelino Sosa Abascal      (b. 1948)

 9 Nov 1190                Teutonic Order, or in full the Order of the Knights (or Brethren)
                             of the House of Saint Mary of the Teutonic House in Jerusalem
                             (in Latin: Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum
                             Hierosolymitanorum [in German: Orden der Ritter (or Brüder)

                             des Haus Sankt Marien des Deutschen Hauses zu Jerusalem])

                             in the Holy Land set up by merchants from Bremen and Lübeck

                             at Crusader encampment during the siege of Akko (Acre) by 

                             Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.

 5 Mar 1198                Reorganized as a military order (on model of Templars)

                             (recognized by Pope Innocent III as such on 19 Feb 1199).

1211 - 1225                Active in Transylvania against the pagan Qypçak (Kumans).

1219 - 24 Apr 1809         Mergentheim (Marienthal) in Franconia, Germany a possession

                             of the Order.

1224                       Duke Conrad of Mazovia, appeals to the Grand Master Hermann

                             von Salza for assistance against the warlike Prussians, who
                             had periodically fought Poland. The Order promised
                             control of Courland and Livonia (see under Latvia).
1226                       Grand Master (Hochmeister) of the Teutonic Order is granted by
                             the Emperor all the privileges and (from Jun 1230) style of the
                             prince of the Empire. The knights are entitled to subject the
                             Prussians on behalf of the Empire.
1230                       Seat of the Grand Master at Montfort castle (al-Qurayn in Arabic;
                             35 km north of Haifa, originally called Castellum novum regis),
                             sold to the Order in 1228.
1256 - 1268                Lordship of the Schuf (an offshoot of the Lordship of Sidon), inland
                             from modern Saida in Lebanona, a possession of the Order.
1271                       Montfort lost, seat of the Grand Master moved to Akko/Acre.

1291                       Seat of the Grand Master moved from Akko (Akkon) to Venice

                             upon the conquest of Akko 18 May 1291.

 9 Sep 1309                Seat of the Grand Master (Hochmeister) is moved from Venice
                             to Marienburg (Malbork) in Prussia. The Grand Master takes
                             over direct administration of the Prussian branch. With the loss
                             of Marienburg 19 Oct 1466, the seat is moved to Königsberg.

1378 - 1409                During the Great Schism in the Papacy, the Order in Marienburg
                             continues to recognize the Papal court in Rome rather the rival

                             in Avignon, France.

 9 Apr 1525                The Hochmeister Albrecht Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach

                             having converted to Protestantism, he becomes hereditary

                             Duke of Prussia. Order survives under the Deutschmeister Walter

                             von Cronberg.

16 Dec 1526                Seat of the Grand Master is moved to Mergentheim.

 9 Feb 1801                By the Peace of Lunéville (and Treaty of Amiens of 25 Mar 1802) its

                             sovereign possessions on the left-bank of the Rhine River were

                             distributed among the neighboring German sovereigns.

26 Dec 1805                By article 12 of the Treaty of Pressburg, between Austria and
                             France, all the possessions of the Grand Magistery at Mergentheim

                             and all those given in exchange earlier were attached to what
                             was to be a hereditary Grand Mastership, invested in the male
                             line of the Imperial House of Austria.

17 Feb 1806                Austrian Emperor Francis I acknowledged his brother Anton as Grand
                             Master of the Teutonic Order, confirming the provisions of the
                             Treaty of Pressburg, until such time as it would become an
                             hereditary dignity and also imposed some limitations on the
                             scope of the Treaty, to the detriment of the Order. The
                             sovereign status recognized in the Treaty of Pressburg was to
                             be attributed to whichever Prince of the House of Austria would
                             in future hold the title of Grand Master, but this would be a
                             limited sovereignty, subordinated to the "Headship of the
                             Imperial House of Austria."

12 Jul 1806                Formation of the Confederation of the Rhine cost the Order its

                             possession of several more commanderies granted to Baden, Bavaria

                             and Württemberg.

24 Apr 1809                Order is dissolved in German lands by Napoléon, but survives

                             in Austrian lands under Habsburg protection. Mergentheim is

                             annexed to annexed to Frankfurt (from 24 Apr 1810, Württemberg).

12 Dec 1810                Prussian secularization commission confiscates the lands of the
                             order in Prussia (only the possessions in Austria remain).

 8 Mar 1834                Emperor of Austria returns to the Teutonic knights all the rights

                             enjoyed by the Treaty of Pressburg, abrogating the limitation on

                             those rights imposed by the Decree of 17 Feb 1806. The Order was

                             declared to be an "Autonomous, Religious and Military Institute"

                             under the protection of the Emperor, with an Archduke as

                             Hoch- und Deutschmeister (confirmed by imperial patent Jun 1840).

30 Jun 1923                The last Austrian Archduke resigns as hereditary Hoch- und

                             Deutschmeister of the Oder.

27 Nov 1929                Teutonic Order is reconstituted as a purely religious order by

                             the Pope. Fratres domus hospitalis sanctae Mariae Teutonicorum

                             in Jerusalem (Teutonic Order of Saint Marys Hospital in Jerusalem

                             - Deutscher Orden - German Order).

 6 Sep 1938 - 1947         Order was dissolved in Austria by Germany.

  ¹Full style
(a) 1216 - 9 Apr 1525: Magister Hospitalis Domus Sanctae Mariae Teutonicorum Hierosolymitani ("Master of the Hospital House of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Germans of Jerusalem");
(b) 1530 - 24 Apr 1809: Hoch- und Deutschmeister des Deutschen Ordens in deutschen und wälschen Landen, Administratoren des Hochmeistertums in Preussen, Herrn zu Freudenthal und Eulenberg ("Grand and German Masters of the Teutonic Order in German and Welsh [=Italian or foreign] lands, Administrators of the Grand Masterdom in Prussia, Lords of Freudenthal and Eulenberg");
(c) 1809 - 1834: Administratoren des Hochmeisteramptes in Preussen, Meister teutschen Ordens in teutschen und wälschen Landen;
(d) from 1929: Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens.

Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta (Knights of Malta): see SMOM entry

Church of England Flag

Anglican Communion Flag Adopted Apr 1991

28 Nov 1534                The Act of Supremacy makes King Henry VIII head of the 
                             Church of England (Anglican Church).
15 Jan 1535                Henry VII assumes the style "Supreme Head and only
                             Protector of the Church and Clergy of England."
 5 May 1554 -  8 May 1559  National restoration of Roman Catholic Church. Period of the
                            Counter-Reformation (the church is disestablished 16 Jan 1555).
14 Apr 1563                Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion of the Protestant Church of
                             England (finalized 1571).
 9 Oct 1646 - 30 Jun 1660  The See is abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. 

Supreme Heads of the Church of England
15 Jan 1535 - 16 Jan 1555  the Kings/Queens of England
16 Jan 1555 -  8 May 1559  Post abolished
Supreme Governors of the Church of England
 8 May 1559 - 30 Jan 1649  the Kings/Queen of England
30 Jan 1649 - 30 Jun 1660  Post abolished
30 Jun 1660 -              the Kings/Queen of England/U.K.
Archbishops of Canterbury, Primates of All England 
30 Mar 1533 - 13 Nov 1555  Thomas Cranmer                     (b. 1489 - d. 1556)
                             (imprisoned from 14 Sep 1553)
22 Mar 1556 - 17 Nov 1558  Reginald Cardinal Pole             (b. 1500 - d. 1558)
                             (last Roman Catholic archbishop)
19 Dec 1559 - 17 May 1575  Matthew Parker                     (b. 1504 - d. 1575)
29 Dec 1575 -  6 Jul 1583  Edmund Grindal                     (b. c.1519 - d. 1583)
14 Aug 1583 - 29 Feb 1604  John Whitgift                      (b. c.1530 - d. 1604)
 9 Oct 1604 -  2 Nov 1610  Richard Bancroft                   (b. 1544 - d. 1610)
 4 Mar 1611 -  4 Aug 1633  George Abbot                       (b. 1562 - d. 1633)
 6 Aug 1633 - 10 Jan 1645  William Laud                       (b. 1573 - d. 1645)
                             (imprisoned from 18 Dec 1640)
10 Jan 1645 -  9 Oct 1646  Vacant
 9 Oct 1646 - 30 Jun 1660  Post abolished
25 Sep 1660 -  4 Jun 1663  William Juxon                      (b. 1582 - d. 1663)
 7 Sep 1663 -  9 Nov 1677  Gilbert Sheldon                    (b. 1598 - d. 1677)
27 Jan 1678 -  1 Feb 1690  William Sancroft                   (b. 1617 - d. 1693)
31 May 1691 - 22 Nov 1694  John Tillotson                     (b. 1630 - d. 1694)
16 Jan 1695 - 14 Dec 1715  Thomas Tenison                     (b. 1636 - d. 1715)
16 Jan 1716 - 24 Jan 1737  William Wake                       (b. 1657 - d. 1737)
28 Feb 1737 - 10 Oct 1747  John Potter                        (b. 1674 - d. 1747)
24 Nov 1747 - 13 Mar 1757  Thomas Herring                     (b. 1693 - d. 1757)
29 Apr 1757 - 19 Mar 1758  Matthew Hutton                     (b. 1693 - d. 1758)
21 Apr 1758 -  3 Aug 1768  Thomas Secker                      (b. 1693 - d. 1768)
30 Sep 1768 - 19 Mar 1783  Frederick Cornwallis               (b. 1713 - d. 1783)
26 Apr 1783 - 18 Jan 1805  John Moore                         (b. 1733 - d. 1805)
21 Feb 1805 - 21 Jul 1828  Charles Manners Sutton             (b. 1755 - d. 1828)
15 Aug 1828 - 11 Feb 1848  William Howley                     (b. 1765 - d. 1848)
10 Mar 1848 -  6 Sep 1862  John Bird Sumner                   (b. 1780 - d. 1862)
26 Nov 1862 - 28 Oct 1868  Charles Thomas Longley             (b. 1794 - d. 1868)
30 Dec 1868 -  1 Dec 1882  Archibald Campbell Tait            (b. 1811 - d. 1882)
 3 Mar 1883 - 11 Oct 1896  Edward White Benson                (b. 1829 - d. 1896)
22 Dec 1896 - 22 Dec 1902  Frederick Temple                   (b. 1821 - d. 1902)
 6 Feb 1903 - 12 Nov 1928  Randall Thomas Davidson            (b. 1848 - d. 1930)
30 Nov 1928 - 31 Mar 1942  Cosmo Gordon Lang                  (b. 1864 - d. 1945)
17 Apr 1942 - 26 Oct 1944  William Temple                     (b. 1881 - d. 1944)
 2 Feb 1945 - 31 May 1961  Geoffrey Francis Fisher            (b. 1887 - d. 1972)
21 Jun 1961 - 15 Nov 1974  Arthur Michael Ramsey              (b. 1904 - d. 1988)
 5 Dec 1974 - 25 Jan 1980  Frederick Donald Coggan            (b. 1909 - d. 2000)
25 Feb 1980 - 31 Jan 1991  Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie    (b. 1921 - d. 2000)
19 Apr 1991 - 31 Oct 2002  George Leonard Carey               (b. 1935)
 2 Dec 2002 - 31 Dec 2012  Rowan Douglas Williams             (b. 1950)
 4 Feb 2013 -              Justin Portal Welby                (b. 1956)

1947                       Lutheran World Federation (LWF) founded.

Presidents
1947 - 1952                Anders Nygren (Sweden)             (b. 1890 - d. 1978)
1952 - 1957                Hanns Lilje (West Germany)         (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
1957 - 10 Aug 1963         Franklin Clark Fry (U.S.)          (b. 1900 - d. 1968)
10 Aug 1963 - 22 Jul 1970  Fredrik A. Schiotz (U.S.)          (b. 1901 - d. 1989)
22 Jul 1970 - Jun 1977     Mikko E. Juva (Finland)            (b. 1918 - d. 2004)
Jun 1977 - 1984            Josiah M. Kibira (Tanzania)        (b. 1925 - d. 1988)
1984 - 17 May 1987         Zoltán Káldy (Hungary)             (b. 1919 - d. 1987)
1987 -  8 Feb 1990         Johannes Hanselmann (West Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 1999)
 8 Feb 1990 - 16 Jul 1997  Gottfried Brakemeier (Brazil)      (b. 1937)
16 Jul 1997 - 31 Jul 2003  Christian Krause (Germany)         (b. 1940)
31 Jul 2003 - 24 Jul 2010  Mark S. Hanson (U.S.)              (b. 1946)
24 Jul 2010 - 13 May 2017  Munib A. Younan (Palestine)        (b. 1950)
13 May 2017 -              Musa Panti Filibus (Nigeria)       (b. 1960)

(United) Lutheran Church in America

1918                       United Lutheran Church in America (UCLA) founded.
28 Jun 1962                United Lutheran Church in America merges with Augustana Evangelical
                             Lutheran Church, Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church and American
                             Evangelical Lutheran Church to form Lutheran Church in America.
 1 Jan 1988                Merged into Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Presidents 
1918 - Oct 1944            Frederick H. Knubel                (b. 1870 - d. 1945)
Oct 1944 - 31 May 1968     Franklin Clark Fry                 (b. 1900 - d. 1968)
1968 - 1978                Robert J. Marshall                 (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
1978 - 1980                James R. Crumley, Jr.              (b. 1925 - d. 2015)
Bishop
1980 - 1988                James R. Crumley, Jr.              (s.a.)

United Evangelical Lutheran Church

 1 Oct 1896                United Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church founded.
1946                       Renamed United Evangelical Lutheran Church.
1960                       Merged with other Lutheran groups to form American Lutheran Church.

Presidents
1896 - 1921                Gottlieb Bender Christiansen       (b. 1851 - d. 1929)
1921 - 1925                Matthias N. Andreasen              (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
1925 - 1950                Niels C. Carlsen                   (b. 1884 - d. 1950)
1950 - 1956                Hans C. Jersild                    (b. 1896 - d. 1969)
1956 - 1960                William Larsen                     (b. 1909 - d. 1971)

Evangelical Lutheran Church

1917                       Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (NLCA).
1946                       Renamed Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC).
1960                       Merges into the American Lutheran Church.

Presidents
1917 - 1925                Hans Gerhard Stub                  (b. 1849 - d. 1931)
1925 - 1954                Johan Arnd Aasgaard                (b. 1876 - d. 1966)
1954 - 1960                Fredrik A. Schiotz                 (b. 1901 - d. 1989)

Lutheran Free Church

1893                       Friends of Augsburg
Jun 1897                   Lutheran Free Church established.
 1 Feb 1963                Merges into the American Lutheran Church (ALC).

Presidents
1893 - 1894                Christian Tollefsen Saugstad       (b. 1838 - d. 1897)
1894 - 1897                Georg Sverdrup                     (b. 1848 - d. 1907)
1897 - 1899                Elias Peter Harbo (1st time)       (b. 1856 - d. 1927)
1899 - 1901                Endre Eriksen Gynild (1st time)    (b. 1859 - d. 1902)
1901 - 1903                Elias Peter Harbo (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1903 - 1905                Christopher Knudsen Ytrehus        (b. 1856 - d. 1946)
1905 - 1907                Endre Eriksen Gynild (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1907 - 1909                Elias Peter Harbo (3rd time)       (s.a.)
1909 - 1910                Endre Eriksen Gynild (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1910 - 1912                Paul Winter
1912 - 1914                Endre Eriksen Gynild (4th time)    (s.a.)
1914 - 1916                Johan Mattson (1st time)           (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
1916 - 1918                Endre Eriksen Gynild (5th time)    (s.a.)
1918 - 1920                Johan Mattson (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1920 - 1923                Olai H. Sletten                    (b. 1878 - d. 1946)
1923 - 1928                Endre Eriksen Gynild (6th time)    (s.a.)
1928 - 1930                Hans Jorgensen Urdahl              (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
1930 - 1958                Thorvald O. Burntvedt              (b. 1888 - d. 1960)
1958 - 1963                John M. Stensvaag                  (b. 1911 - d. 1987)

(Old) American Lutheran Church

1930                       (Old) American Lutheran Church formed by merger of German Iowa
                             Synod, Buffalo Synod and Joint Synod of Ohio.
1960                       Three Lutheran groups merge to form the American Lutheran Church
                            (ALC).

American Lutheran Church

1960                       Three Lutheran groups merge to form the American Lutheran Church
                             (ALC).
 1 Jan 1988                Merged into the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Presidents
1960 - 31 Dec 1970         Fredrik A. Schiotz                 (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1971 - 12 Mar 1973  Kent Sigvart Knutson               (b. 1924 - d. 1973)
1973 - 31 Dec 1987         David Walter Preus                 (b. 1922 - d. 2021)

Association of Free Lutheran Congregations (AFLC)

Oct 1962                   Lutheran Free Church-Not Merged splits from the
                             Lutheran Free Church.
 1 Feb 1963                Renamed Association of Free Lutheran Congregations (AFLC).

Presidents
1962 - 1978                John P. Strand                    (b. 1916 - d. 1997)
1978 - 1992                Richard Snipstead                 (b. 1928 - d. 1998)
1992 - 2007                Robert L. Lee                     (b. 1943)
 1 Oct 2007 - 2013         Elden K. Nelson                   (b. 1937)
 1 Oct 2013 - 2022         Lyndon C. Korhonen                (b. 1951)
 3 Oct 2022 -              Micah Hjermstad                   (b. 1982)

Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

 1 Jan 1988                Lutheran Church in America, American Lutheran Church and Association
                             of Evangelical Lutheran Churches merge to form the
                             Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Presiding Bishops
 1 Jan 1988 - 31 Oct 1995  Herbert W. Chilstrom               (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
 1 Nov 1995 - 31 Oct 2001  H. George Anderson                 (b. 1932)
 1 Nov 2001 - 31 Oct 2013  Mark S. Hanson                     (b. 1946)
 1 Nov 2013 -              Elizabeth A. Eaton (f)             (b. 1955)

1847                       German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Other States
1947                       Renamed The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod.

Presidents
1847 - 1850                Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther     (b. 1811 - d. 1887)
                             (1st time) 
1850 - 1864                Friedrich Conrad Dietrich Wyneken  (b. 1810 - d. 1876)
1864 - 1878                Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1878 - 1899                Heinrich Christian Schwan          (b. 1819 - d. 1905)
1899 - 1911                Franz August Otto Pieper           (b. 1852 - d. 1931)
1911 - 1935                Friedrich Pfotenhauer              (b. 1859 - d. 1939)
1935 - 1962                John William Behnken               (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
1962 - 1969                Oliver Raymond Harms               (b. 1901 - d. 1980)
1969 - 1981                Jacob Aall Otteson Preus II        (b. 1920 - d. 1994)
1981 - 1992                Ralph Arthur Bohlmann              (b. 1932 - d. 2016)
11 Jul 1992 - 23 Mar 2001  Alvin L. Barry                     (b. 1931 - d. 2001)
23 Mar 2001 -  8 Sep 2001  Robert T. Kuhn                     (b. 1937)
 8 Sep 2001 - 11 Sep 2010  Gerald B. Kieschnick               (b. 1943)
11 Sep 2010 -              Matthew C. Harrison                (b. 1962)

Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches (AELC)

1976                       Dissident congregations withdraw from Lutheran Church-Missouri
                             Synod to form Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches.
 1 Jan 1988                Merged into Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Presidents (later Presiding Bishops)
1976 - 1984                William H. Kohn                    (b. 1915 - d. 1992)          
1984 - 31 Dec 1987         Will L. Herzfeld                   (b. 1937 - d. 2002)

Presidents
 8 Dec 1849 - 1860        Johannes Muehlhaeuser (Mühlhäuser) (b. 1803 - d. 1867)
1860 - 1864               Johann Bading (1st time)           (b. 1824 - d. 1913)
1864 -  4 Jun 1865        Gottlieb Rein                      (b. 1828 - d. 1882)
 4 Jun 1865 - 1867        Wilhelm Streissguth                (b. 1827 - d. 1915) 
1867 - 1887               Johann Bading (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1887 - 22 Dec 1908        Phillip Andreas von Rohr           (b. 1843 - d. 1908)
Dec 1908 - 1933           Gustave Ernst Bergemann            (b. 1862 - d. 1954)
1933 - 1953               John Brenner                       (b. 1874 - d. 1962)
1953 - 19 Jun 1979        Oscar John Naumann                 (b. 1909 - d. 1979)
19 Jun 1979 - 1993        Carl H. Mischke (acting to 19..)   (b. 1922 - d. 2013)
1993 - 2007               Karl R. Gurgel                     (b. 1941?)
2007 -                    Mark G. Schroeder                  (b. 1954?)

Archbishops of Uppsala and Primates of Sweden
 8 Sep 1681 - 29 Jun 1700  Olaus (Olav) Swebilius             (b. 1624 - d. 1700)
29 Sep 1700 - 17 Feb 1709  Eric Benzelius                     (b. 1632 - d. 1709)
17 Feb 1709 - 21 Apr 1711  Vacant
21 Apr 1711 - 17 Apr 1714  Haquin Spegel                      (b. 1645 - d. 1714)
 4 Dec 1714 -  2 Aug 1730  Matthias Steuchius                 (b. 1644 - d. 1730)
20 Nov 1730 - 21 Jun 1742  Johannes Steuchius                 (b. 1676 - d. 1742)
20 Sep 1742 - 23 Sep 1743  Eric Benzelius d.y.                (b. 1675 - d. 1743)
20 Mar 1744 - 19 Jun 1747  Jacob Benzelius                    (b. 1683 - d. 1747)
16 Sep 1747 - 20 May 1758  Henric Benzelius                   (b. 1689 - d. 1758)
 8 Nov 1758 - 18 Jan 1764  Samuel Troilius                    (b. 1706 - d. 1764)
26 Jun 1764 - 18 May 1775  Magnus Olai Beronius               (b. 1692 - d. 1775)
31 Aug 1775 - 22 May 1786  Carl Fredrik Mennander             (b. 1712 - d. 1786)
30 Aug 1786 - 27 Jul 1803  Uno von Troil                      (b. 1746 - d. 1803)
27 Jul 1803 -  1 Mar 1805  Vacant
 1 Mar 1805 - 15 Feb 1819  Jacob Axelsson Lindblom            (b. 1746 - d. 1819)
28 May 1819 -  2 Dec 1836  Carl von Rosenstein                (b. 1766 - d. 1836)
17 Mar 1837 - 30 Jun 1839  Johan Olof Wallin                  (b. 1779 - d. 1839)
28 Sep 1839 - 19 Sep 1851  Carl Fredrik af Wingård            (b. 1781 - d. 1851)
17 Jan 1852 - 27 Aug 1855  Hans Olof Holmström                (b. 1784 - d. 1855)
31 Jan 1856 - 28 Jun 1870  Henrik Reuterdahl                  (b. 1795 - d. 1870)
11 Nov 1870 -  2 Feb 1900  Anton Niklas Sundberg              (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
29 Jun 1900 - 30 Nov 1913  Johan August Ekman                 (b. 1845 - d. 1913)
20 May 1914 - 12 Jul 1931  Nathan Söderblom                   (b. 1866 - d. 1931)
18 Dec 1931 - 30 Apr 1950  Erling Eidem                       (b. 1880 - d. 1972)
 1 May 1950 - 30 Sep 1958  Yngve Brilioth                     (b. 1891 - d. 1959)
 1 Oct 1958 - 30 Sep 1967  Gunnar Hultgren                    (b. 1902 - d. 1991)
 1 Oct 1967 - 19 Mar 1972  Ruben Josefson                     (b. 1907 - d. 1972)
 1 Oct 1972 - 30 Jun 1983  Olof Sundby                        (b. 1917 - d. 1996)
 1 Jul 1983 - 31 Mar 1993  Bertil Werkström                   (b. 1928 - d. 2010)
 1 Apr 1993 - 31 Jan 1997  Gunnar Weman                       (b. 1932)
 1 Feb 1997 -  2 Sep 2006  Karl Gustav Hilding Hammar         (b. 1943)
 2 Sep 2006 - 14 Jun 2014  Anders Wejryd                      (b. 1948)
15 Jun 2014 -              Antje Zöllner Jackelén (f)         (b. 1955)

Bishops of Åbo (Turku)
 4 Feb 1690 - 10 Apr 1718  Johannes Gezelius d.y. (nuorempi)  (b. 1647 - d. 1718)
10 Apr 1718 - 16 Sep 1721  Vacant
16 Sep 1721 - 24 Mar 1728  Herman Witte                       (b. 1666 - d. 1728)
11 Dec 1728 -  2 Jul 1733  Lars Tammelin                      (b. 1669 - d. 1733)
18 Mar 1734 - 1746         Jonas Fahlenius                    (b. 1674 - d. 1748)
                             (fled to Sweden 1742-1743)
1742 - 1743                Johan Wallenius                    (b. 1698 - d. 1746)
                             (acting for Fahlenius)
1746 -  3 Mar 1749         Vacant
 3 Mar 1749 - 25 Jul 1755  Johannes Browallius                (b. 1707 - d. 1755)
25 Jul 1755 - 10 Feb 1757  Vacant
10 Feb 1757 - 31 Aug 1775  Carl Fredrik Mennander             (b. 1712 - d. 1786)
Aug 1776 -  6 Mar 1788     Jakob Haartman                     (b. 1717 - d. 1788)
 5 Jun 1788 - 26 Sep 1802  Jakob Gadolin                      (b. 1719 - d. 1802)
15 Feb 1803 -  7 Nov 1817  Jakob Tengström                    (b. 1755 - d. 1832)
Archbishops of Turku and Finland and Primates of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
 7 Nov 1817 - 26 Dec 1832  Jakob Tengström                    (s.a.)
1833 -  8 Jul 1847         Erik Gabriel Melartin              (b. 1780 - d. 1847)
1850 - 19 Feb 1884         Edvard Bergenheim                  (b. 1798 - d. 1884)
1884 - 16 Oct 1898         Torsten Thure Renvall              (b. 1817 - d. 1898)
1899 - 24 Jul 1930         Gustaf Johansson                   (b. 1844 - d. 1930)
1930 - 25 Oct 1934         Lars (Lauri) Johannes Ingman       (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
1935 -  9 Dec 1944         Erkki Kaila                        (b. 1867 - d. 1944)
1945 - 27 Mar 1951         Aleksi Emanuel Lehtonen            (b. 1891 - d. 1951)
1951 - 1964                Ilmari Johannes Salomies           (b. 1893 - d. 1973)
1964 - 1978                Martti Ilmari Simojoki (Simelius)  (b. 1908 - d. 1999)
1978 - 1982                Mikko Einar Juva                   (b. 1918 - d. 2004)
1982 -  1 Dec 1998         John Edvin Vikström                (b. 1931)
 6 Jan 1999 -  6 Jun 2010  Antti-Jukka Paarma                 (b. 1942)
 6 Jun 2010 -  1 Jun 2018  Kari Olavi Mäkinen                 (b. 1955)
 1 Jun 2018 -              Tapio Juhani Luoma                 (b. 1962)

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia

28 Apr 1949                Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia
                             (Eesti Evangeelne Luterlik Kirik) formed.

Archbishops of Tallinn and Primates of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia
28 Apr 1949 - 12 Oct 1967  Jaan Kiivit, Sr.                  (b. 1906 - d. 1971)
 9 Jun 1968 -  5 Oct 1977  Alfred Tooming                    (b. 1907 - d. 1977)
31 Oct 1978 - 23 Oct 1986  Edgar Hark                        (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
15 Nov 1987 - 29 Jun 1994  Kuno Pajula                       (b. 1924 - d. 2012)
31 Oct 1994 -  2 Feb 2005  Jaan Kiivit, Jr.                  (b. 1940 - d. 2005)
 2 Feb 2005 -  2 Feb 2015  Andres Põder                      (b. 1949)
 2 Feb 2015 -              Urmas Viilma                      (b. 1973)

Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church

12 Sep 1919                Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church 
                            (Eesti Evangeeliumi Luteriusu Kirik) formed.
13 Nov 2010                United with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia.

 6 Apr 1830                Joseph Smith founds the (Mormon) Church of Jesus Christ.
Jun 1852                   Reorganized as Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints.

First Elder
 6 Apr 1830 - 25 Jan 1832  Joseph Smith, Jr.                  (b. 1805 - d. 1844)
President
25 Jan 1832 - 27 Jun 1844  Joseph Smith, Jr.                  (s.a.)
President of the Quorum of the Twelve
27 Jun 1844 -  5 Dec 1847  Brigham Young                      (b. 1801 - d. 1877)
Presidents
 5 Dec 1847 - 29 Aug 1877  Brigham Young                      (s.a.)
 8 Oct 1880 - 25 Jul 1887  John Taylor                        (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
 9 Apr 1889 -  2 Sep 1898  Wilford Woodruff                   (b. 1807 - d. 1898)
13 Sep 1898 - 10 Oct 1901  Lorenzo Snow                       (b. 1814 - d. 1901)
17 Oct 1901 - 19 Nov 1918  Joseph Fielding Smith              (b. 1838 - d. 1918)
23 Nov 1918 - 14 May 1945  Heber J. Grant                     (b. 1856 - d. 1945)
21 May 1945 -  4 Apr 1951  George Albert Smith                (b. 1870 - d. 1951)
 9 Apr 1951 - 18 Jan 1970  David O. McKay                     (b. 1873 - d. 1970)
23 Jan 1970 -  2 Jul 1972  Joseph Fielding Smith, Jr.         (b. 1876 - d. 1972)
 7 Jul 1972 - 26 Dec 1973  Harold B. Lee                      (b. 1889 - d. 1973)
30 Dec 1973 -  5 Nov 1985  Spencer W. Kimball                 (b. 1895 - d. 1985)
10 Nov 1985 - 30 May 1994  Ezra Taft Benson                   (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
 4 Jun 1994 -  3 Mar 1995  Howard W. Hunter                   (b. 1907 - d. 1995)
12 Mar 1995 - 27 Jan 2008  Gordon B. Hinckley                 (b. 1910 - d. 2008)
 4 Feb 2008 -  2 Jan 2018  Thomas S. Monson                   (b. 1927 - d. 2018)
14 Jan 2018 -              Russell M. Nelson                  (b. 1924)

 6 Apr 1860                Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
 6 Apr 2001                Renamed Community of Christ.

Prophet-Presidents
 6 Apr 1860 - 10 Dec 1914  Joseph Smith III                   (b. 1832 - d. 1914)
 5 May 1915 - 20 Mar 1946  Frederick Madison Smith            (b. 1874 - d. 1946)
 6 Apr 1946 - 14 Jun 1958  Israel Alexander Smith             (b. 1876 - d. 1958)
 6 Oct 1958 -  3 Apr 1978  William Wallace Smith              (b. 1900 - d. 1989)
 5 Apr 1978 - 15 Apr 1996  Wallace Bunnell Anthony Smith      (b. 1929)
15 Apr 1996 -  1 Dec 2004  William Grant McMurray             (b. 1947)
 3 Jun 2005 -              Stephen Mark Veazey                (b. 1957)

 8 Jan 1920                Split from Roman Catholic Church. 
31 Aug 1924                Split between orthodox minority led by Gorazd and the Hussite
                             majority; Czechoslovak Church (Církev Československá).
Mar 1939 - 1945            Church is abolished in Slovakia (and Ruthenia).
22 Apr 1940 - 19 Sep 1945  Under German occupation renamed the Czech-Moravian Church
                             (Církev Českomoravská).
17 Oct 1971                Renamed Czechoslovak Hussite Church (Církev Československá
                             Husitská)(CCSH).

Bishop
25 Sep 1921 - 21 Jul 1924  Matĕj Pavlík (= Gorazd II)         (b. 1879 - d. 1942)
Patriarchs
29 Aug 1924 - 12 Jun 1927  Karel Farský                       (b. 1880 - d. 1927)
18 Mar 1928 -  9 Feb 1942  Gustav Adolf Procházka             (b. 1872 - d. 1942)
13 Feb 1942 - 1945         Ferdinand Stibor (administrator)   (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
14 May 1945 - 1946         Miroslav Novák (1st time)          (b. 1907 - d. 2000) 
                             (chairman of Central National Administration)
29 Jun 1946 - 29 Oct 1961  František Kovář                    (b. 1888 - d. 1969)
29 Oct 1961 - 15 May 1990  Miroslav Novák (2nd time)          (s.a.)
May 1990 - 1990            Jaromír Tuček (administrator)      (b. 1933 - d. 2011)
1990 - 16 Mar 1991         Vlastimil Zítek (administrator)    (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
16 Mar 1991 - 28 Aug 1994  Vratislav Štĕpánek                 (b. 1930 - d. 2013)
28 Aug 1994 - 28 Sep 2001  Josef Špak                         (b. 1929 - d. 2016)
28 Sep 2001 - 25 Jun 2005  Jan Schwarz                        (b. 1958)
                             (suspended from 14 May 2005) 
25 Jun 2005 - 28 Sep 2006  Štĕpán Klásek (administrator)      (b. 1957)
28 Sep 2006 -              Tomáš Butta                        (b. 1958)
                             (administrator 29 Sep 2020 - 6 Jul 2021)

1872                       International Bible Students Association.
16 Feb 1881                Zion's Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society formed.
15 Dec 1884                Zion's Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (incorporated).
22 Sep 1896                Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.
 8 Jul 1931                Jehovah's Witnesses.

Presidents
1872 - 31 Oct 1916         Charles Taze Russell               (b. 1852 - d. 1916)
16 Feb 1881 - 15 Dec 1884  William Henry Conley               (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
                             (president of Zion's Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society)
 6 Jan 1917 -  8 Jan 1942  Joseph Franklin Rutherford         (b. 1869 - d. 1942)
13 Jan 1942 -  8 Jun 1977  Nathan Homer Knorr                 (b. 1905 - d. 1977)
22 Jun 1977 - 22 Dec 1992  Frederick William Franz            (b. 1893 - d. 1992)
30 Dec 1992 -  7 Oct 2000  Milton George Henschel             (b. 1920 - d. 2003)
 7 Oct 2000 - 2014         Don Alden Adams                    (b. 1925 - d. 2019)
2014 -                     Robert Louis Ciranko               (b. 1947)

Aug 1831                   William Miller (b. 1782 - d. 1849) leads movement
                             advocating seconding coming (or advent) of Christ
                             by 1844. Movement is called "Millerism."
22 Oct 1844                The "Great Disappointment", date predicated by Miller
                             for the second coming of Christ passes.
Sep 1860                   Name Seventh-day Adventist selected.
 3 May 1861                Seventh-day Adventist publishing association was
                             officially formed.
21 May 1863                Seventh-day Adventist Church formed.
18 Mar 1884                The Church of God (Seventh-day) splinter group formed.

Presidents of the General Conference 
20 May 1863 - 17 May 1865  John Byington                      (b. 1798 - d. 1887)
17 May 1865 - 14 May 1867  James White (1st time)             (b. 1821 - d. 1881)
14 May 1867 - 18 May 1869  John Nevins Andrews                (b. 1829 - d. 1883)
18 May 1869 - 29 Dec 1871  James White (2nd time)             (s.a.)
29 Dec 1871 - 10 Aug 1874  George I. Butler (1st time)        (b. 1834 - d. 1918)
10 Aug 1874 -  6 Oct 1880  James White (3rd time)             (s.a.)
 6 Oct 1880 - 17 Oct 1888  George I. Butler (2nd time)        (s.a.)
17 Oct 1888 - 19 Feb 1897  Ole A. Olsen                       (b. 1845 - d. 1915)
19 Feb 1897 -  2 Apr 1901  George A. Irwin                    (b. 1844 - d. 1913)
 2 Apr 1901 - 11 May 1922  Arthur G. Daniells                 (b. 1858 - d. 1935)
11 May 1922 - 28 May 1930  William A. Spicer                  (b. 1865 - d. 1952)
28 May 1930 - 26 May 1936  Charles H. Watson                  (b. 1877 - d. 1962)
26 May 1936 - 10 Jul 1950  J. Lamar McElhany                  (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
10 Jul 1950 - 24 May 1954  William H. Branson                 (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
24 May 1954 - 16 Jun 1966  Reuben R. Figuhr                   (b. 1896 - d. 1983)
16 Jun 1966 -  3 Jan 1979  Robert H. Pierson                  (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
 3 Jan 1979 -  5 Jul 1990  Neal C. Wilson                     (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
 5 Jul 1990 -  1 Mar 1999  Robert S. Folkenberg               (b. 1941 - d. 2015)
 1 Mar 1999 - 25 Jun 2010  Jan Paulsen                        (b. 1935)
25 Jun 2010 -              Ted N.C. Wilson                    (b. 1950)

 5 Jul 1865                Salvation Army founded.

Generals of the Salvation Army
 2 Jul 1865 - 1912         William Booth                      (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
1912 -  9 Jan 1929         Bramwell Booth                     (b. 1856 - d. 1929)
13 Feb 1929 - 1934         Edward Higgins                     (b. 1882 - d. 1947)
1934 - 1939                Evangeline Booth (f)               (b. 1865 - d. 1950)
1939 - 1946                George Carpenter                   (b. 1872 - d. 1948)
21 Jun 1946 - 1954         Albert Orsborn                     (b. 1886 - d. 1967)
 1 Jul 1954 - 1963         Wilfred Kitching                   (b. 1893 - d. 1977)
23 Oct 1963 - 1969         Frederick Coutts                   (b. 1899 - d. 1986)
23 Jul 1969 -  5 Jul 1974  Erik Wickberg                      (b. 1904 - d. 1996)
 6 Jul 1974 - 1977         Clarence Wiseman                   (b. 1907 - d. 1985)
 5 Jul 1977 - 1981         Arnold Brown                       (b. 1913 - d. 2002)
1981 -  8 Jul 1986         Jarl Wahlström                     (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
 9 Jul 1986 -  9 Jul 1993  Eva Burrows (f)                    (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
 9 Jul 1993 - 18 May 1994  Bramwell Tillsley                  (b. 1931 - d. 2019)
23 Jul 1994 - 23 Jul 1999  Paul Alexander Rader               (b. 1934)
23 Jul 1999 - 12 Nov 2002  John Gowans                        (b. 1934 - d. 2012)
13 Nov 2002 -  1 Apr 2006  John Alfred Larsson                (b. 1938 - d. 2022)
 2 Apr 2006 -  2 Apr 2011  Shaw Clifton                       (b. 1945)
 2 Apr 2011 - 13 Jun 2013  Linda Bond (f)                     (b. 1946)
13 Jun 2013 -  3 Aug 2018  André Cox (acting to 3 Aug 2013)   (b. 1954)
 3 Aug 2018 -              Brian Peddle                       (b. 1957)

Oct 1933                   Radio Church of God founded.
 5 Jan 1968                Renamed Worldwide Church of God.
 3 Apr 2009                Renamed Grace Communion International.

Pastors-general
1933 - 16 Jan 1986         Herbert W. Armstrong               (b. 1892 - d. 1986)
1986 - 23 Sep 1995         Joseph W. Tkach                    (b. 1927 - d. 1995)
23 Sep 1995 - 14 Oct 2018  Joseph Tkach, Jr.                  (b. 1951)
14 Oct 2018 -              Greg Williams

Chief Apostles
 6 Dec 1895 - 20 Jan 1905  Fritz Krebs                        (b. 1832 - d. 1905)
21 Jan 1905 - 20 Sep 1930  Hermann Niehaus                    (b. 1848 - d. 1932)
21 Sep 1930 -  6 Jul 1960  Johann Gottfried Bischoff          (b. 1871 - d. 1960)
 7 Jul 1960 - 15 Feb 1975  Walter Schmidt                     (b. 1891 - d. 1981)
15 Feb 1975 -  8 Nov 1978  Ernst Streckeisen                  (b. 1905 - d. 1978)
18 Nov 1978 -  3 Mar 1988  Hans Urwyler                       (b. 1925 - d. 1994)
 3 Mar 1988 - 15 May 2005  Richard Fehr                       (b. 1939 - d. 2013)
15 May 2005 - 19 May 2013  Wilhelm Leber                      (b. 1947)
19 May 2013 -              Jean-Luc Schneider                 (b. 1959)

General Chairmen
1914                       Eudorus N. Bell (1st time)         (b. 1866 - d. 1923)
1914 - 1915                Archibald P. Collins               (b. 1861 - d. 1921)
1915 - 1920                John W. Welch (1st time)           (b. 1859 - d. 1939)
1920 - 15 Jun 1923         Eudorus N. Bell (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1923 - 1925                John W. Welch (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1925 - 1927                William T. Gaston                  (b. 1886 - d. 1956)
General Superintendents
1927 - 1929                William T. Gaston                  (s.a.)
1929 - 1949                Ernest S. Williams                 (b. 1885 - d. 1981)
1949 -  8 Jul 1952         Wesley R. Steelberg                (b. 1902 - d. 1952)
1952 - 1953                Gayle F. Lewis                     (b. 1898 - d. 1979)
1953 - 1959                Ralph M. Riggs                     (b. 1895 - d. 1971)
1959 - 1985                Thomas F. Zimmerman                (b. 1912 - d. 1991)
1986 - 1993                G. Raymond Carlson                 (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
15 Nov 1993 -  8 Oct 2007  Thomas E. Trask                    (b. 1936)
 8 Oct 2007 - 10 Oct 2017  George O. Wood                     (b. 1941 - d. 2022)
10 Oct 2017 -              Doug E. Clay                       (b. 1962)

25 Jun 1957                United Church of Christ (UCC) formed by merger of Evangelical and
                             Reformed Church and the Congregational Christian Church. 

Presidents
25 Jun 1957 - 1961         James E. Wagner                    (b. 1873 - d. 1969)
                           + Fred Hoskins                     (b. 1906 - d. 1966)
1961 - 1969                Ben M. Herbster                    (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
1969 - 25 Oct 1976         Robert V. Moss, Jr.                (b. 1922 - d. 1976)
1976 - 1977                Joseph H. Evans (interim)          (b. 1915 - d. 2008)
1977 - 1989                Avery D. Post                      (b. 1924 - d. 2020)
1989 - 1999                Paul H. Sherry                     (b. 1933)
1999 -  1 Jul 2000         John H. Thomas                     (b. 1950)
General Ministers and Presidents
 1 Jul 2000 - Oct 2009     John H. Thomas                     (s.a.)
Oct 2009 - 31 Aug 2015     Geoffrey A. Black                 
 1 Sep 2015 -              John C. Dorhauer                   (b. 1947)

27 Jul 1914                Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) founded in
                             The Philippines.

Executive Ministers (Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan)
27 Jul 1914 - 12 Apr 1963  Felix Ysagun Manalo                (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
12 Apr 1963 - 31 Aug 2009  Eraño de Guzman Manalo             (b. 1925 - d. 2009)
 8 Sep 2009 -              Eduardo Villanueva Manalo          (b. 1955)

Note: In the Orthodox Church there are 15 independent (autocephalous) church units, each with its own patriarch, archbishop, or metropolitan. In the traditional order of honor amongst the Orthodox churches (that is, the order through which their primates are mentioned in the liturgy when more than 3 metropolitans are present), they are: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Russia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Georgia, Cyprus, Greece, Poland, Albania, Czech and Slovak Republics, and America. The Church of Constantinople and its patriarch have only a status of "first among equals", nothing more (this status means nothing more that he is the president of all Orthodox conferences), but he has no kind of power over other church units, he is the leader of only his own church unit, the Church of Constantinople.

c.36                       Church of Byzantium founded by the Apostle Andrew (St. Andrew).
11 May 330                 Inauguration of Constantinople (foundation stone set 3 Nov 324).
 6 Jul 1274 - 11 Dec 1282  Byzantine Emperor Mikhaíl VIII Palaiológos (Michael VIII
                             Palaeologus) and Patriarch Ioánnis XI Vékkos (John XI Bekkos)
                             attempted to enforce the Union of Lyons (union of Latin and
                             Eastern Orthodox Churches), which is rejected.
10 Mar 1924                Adopts the revised Julian calendar.

Archbishops of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarchs¹
Apr/May 1694 - 19 Aug 1702 Kallinikos II (3rd time)(Callinicus II) (b. c.1630 - d. 1702)
Aug 1702 - 25 Oct 1707     Gavriil III (Gabriel III)               (b. 16.. - d. 1707)
31 Oct?1707 -  5 Nov?1707  Neophytos V (Neophytus V)               (b. 16.. - d. 1711?)
 5 Nov?1707 - Jun 1709     Kyprianos I (1st time)(Cyprian I)       (b. 16.. - d. af.1720)
Jun 1709                   Kyrillos IV (1st time)(Cyril IV         (b. 16.. - d. 1728)
Jun 1709 - Dec 1711        Athanasios V (Athanasius V)             (b. 16.. - d. af.1718)
15 Dec 1711 - Nov 1713     Kyrillos IV (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
Nov 1713 - 11 Mar 1714     Kyprianos I (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
11 Mar 1714 -  3 Apr 1716  Kosmas III (Cosmas III)                 (b. 16.. - d. 1736)
3/5 Apr 1716 - 30 Nov 1726 Ieremias III (1st time)(Jeremiah III)   (b. 16.. - d. 1735)
12 Jan 1718 - 28 Jan 1718  Kyrillos of Proussa²                            (b. 16.. - d. 1724)
                             (in opposition)
30 Nov 1726 (hours)        Kallinikos III (Callinicus III)         (b. 16.. - d. 1726)
 1 Dec 1726 - Sep 1732     Paisios II (1st time)(Pasius II)        (b. 16.. - d. 1756)
26 Sep 1732 - Mar/Apr 1733 Ieremias III (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
Mar/Apr 1733 - Oct 1734    Seraphim I (Seraphim I)                 (b. 16.. - d. 1734)
 8 Oct 1734 - Aug/Sep 1740 Neophytos VI (1st time)                 (b. 16.. - d. 1747)
Aug/Sep 1740 -May/Jun 1743 Paisios II (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
May/Jun 1743 -Mar/Apr 1744 Neophytos VI (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
Mar/Apr 1744 -  9 Oct 1748 Paisios II (3rd time)                   (s.a.)
 9 Oct 1748 - Jun 1751     Kyrillos V (1st time)(Cyril V of Nicea) (b. 17.. - d. 1775)
Jun 1751 - Sep 1752        Paisios II (4th time)                   (s.a.)
18 Sep 1752 - 27 Jan 1757  Kyrillos V (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
27 Jan 1757 -  2 Aug 1757  Kallinikos IV (Callinicus IV)           (b. 1713 - d. 1792)
13 Aug 1757 -  6 Apr 1761  Seraphim II (Seraphim II)               (d. 1779)
 6 Apr 1761 -  4 Jun 1763  Ioannikios III (Joannicius III)         (b. c.1700 - d. 1793)
 4 Jun 1763 - 16 Nov 1768  Samouil I (1st time)(Samuel I)          (b. c.1700 - d. 1775)
16 Nov 1768 - 22 Apr 1769  Meletios II (Meletius II)               (b. c.1700 - d. af.1777)
                             (imprisoned from 18 Apr 1769, then exiled)
22 Apr 1769 - 27 Nov 1773  Theodosios II (Theodosius II)           (b. 17.. - d. c.1785)
28 Nov 1773 -  4 Jan 1775  Samouil I (2nd time)                    (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1775 - 19 Oct 1780  Sophronios II (Sophronius II)           (b. 17.. - d. 1780)
19 Oct 1780 - 10 Jul 1785  Gavriil IV (Gabriel IV)                 (b. 17.. - d. 1785)
20/21 Jul 1785-11 May 1789 Prokopios I (Procopius I)               (b. 1734 - d. 1812)
12 May 1789 - 12 Mar 1794  Neophytos VII (1st time)(Neophytus VII) (b. 17.. - d. af.1804)
14 Mar 1794 - 30 Apr 1797  Gerasimos III (Gerasimus III)           (b. 17.. - d. c.1800)
30 Apr 1797 - 29 Dec 1798  Grigorios V (1st time)(St. Gregory V)   (b. 1746 - d. 1821)
30 Dec 1798 - 29 Jun 1801  Neophytos VII (2nd time)                (s.a.)
29 Jul 1801 -  4 Oct 1806  Kallinikos V (1st time) (Callinicus V)  (b. 17.. - d. af.1809)
 5 Oct 1806 - 22 Sep 1808  Grigorios V (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
22 Sep 1808 -  5 May 1809  Kallinikos V (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
 5 May 1809 - 16 Mar 1813  Ieremias IV (Jeremiah IV)               (b. 17.. - d. 1824)
16 Mar 1813 - 25 Dec 1818  Kyrillos VI (Cyril VI)                  (b. 1769/75 - d. 1821)
26 Dec 1818 - 22 Apr 1821  Grigorios V (3rd time)                  (s.a.)
22 Apr 1821 -  8 Aug 1822  Evgenios II (Eugenius II)               (b. 1780? - d. 1822)
 9 Aug 1822 - 21 Jul 1824  Anthimos III (Anthimus III)             (b. 1762 - d. 1842)
21 Jul 1824 -  8 Oct 1826  Chrysanthos I (Chrysanthus I)           (b. 1768 - d. 1834)
 8 Oct 1826 - 17 Jul 1830  Agathangelos I (Agathangel I)           (b. 1769 - d. 1832)
18 Jul 1830 - 30 Aug 1834  Konstantios I (Constantius I)           (b. 1770 - d. 1859)
30 Aug 1834 -  8 Oct 1835  Konstantios II (Constantius II)         (b. 1760? - d. 1859)
 9 Oct 1835 -  3 Mar 1840  Grigorios VI (1st time)(Gregory VI)     (b. 1798 - d. 1881)
 3 Mar 1840 - 18 May 1841  Anthimos IV (1st time)(Anthimus IV)     (b. 1785 - d. 1878)
18 May 1841 - 24 Jun 1842  Anthimos V (Anthimus V)                 (b. 1779 - d. 1842)
26 Jun 1842 - 30 Apr 1845  Germanos IV (1st time) (Germanus IV)    (b. 1788 - d. 1853)
30 Apr 1845 - 10 Dec 1845  Meletios III (Meletius III)             (b. 1772? - d. 1845)
16 Dec 1845 - 30 Oct 1848  Anthimos VI (1st time) (Anthimus VI)    (b. 1782 - d. 1878)
30 Oct 1848 - 11 Nov 1852  Anthimos IV (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
13 Nov 1852 - 28 Sep 1853  Germanos IV (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
 6 Oct 1853 -  3 Oct 1855  Anthimos VI (2nd time)                  (s.a.)
 3 Oct 1855 - 13 Jul 1860  Kyrillos VII (Cyril VII)                (b. 1775 - d. 1872)
19 Jul 1860 - 16 Oct 1860  Ioannikios of Nikaia                    (b. 1800? - d. 1879)
                             (Locum Tenens)
16 Oct 1860 - 21 Jul 1863  Ioakim II (1st time)(Joachim II)        (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
23 Jul 1863 -  2 Oct 1863  Meletios of Raskopresreni               (b. 1824 - d. 1895)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 2 Oct 1863 - 16 Sep 1866  Sophronios III (Sophronius III)         (b. 1798 - d. 1899)
17 Dec 1866 - 22 Feb 1867  Neophytos of Korytsa                    (b. c.1800 - d. 1874)
                             (Locum Tenens)
22 Feb 1867 - 22 Jun 1871  Grigorios VI (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
23 Jun 1871 - 17 Sep 1871  Dionysios of Didymotichon               (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
                             (Locum Tenens)(later Dionysios V)
17 Sep 1871 - 12 Oct 1873  Anthimos VI (3rd time)                  (s.a.)
12 Oct 1873 -  5 Dec 1873  Seraphim of Arta (Locum Tenens)         (b. c.1810 - d. 1894)
 5 Dec 1873 - 16 Aug 1878  Ioakim II (2nd time)                    (s.a.)
19 Aug 1878 - 16 Oct 1878  Agathangelos of Ephesos                 (b. 1818 - d. 1893)
                             (1st time) (Locum Tenens)
16 Oct 1878 - 11 Apr 1884  Ioakim III (1st time)(Joachim III)      (b. 1834 - d. 1912)
11 Apr 1884 - 13 Oct 1884  Agathangelos of Ephesos                 (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (Locum Tenens) 
13 Oct 1884 - 26 Nov 1886  Ioakim IV (Joachim IV)                  (b. 1837 - d. 1887)
28 Nov 1886 -  4 Feb 1887  Ioannis of Kaisaria (Locum Tenens)      (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
 4 Feb 1887 - 25 Aug 1891  Dionysios V (Dionysius V)               (s.a.)
28 Aug 1891 -  8 Nov 1891  Dorotheos of Velegrades                 (b. 1841 - d. 1924)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 8 Nov 1891 -  6 Nov 1894  Neophytos VIII (Neophytus VIII)         (b. 1832 - d. 1909)
 7 Nov 1894 -  1 Feb 1895  Nathanail of Prousa (1st time)          (b. 1838 - d. 1910)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 1 Feb 1895 - 10 Feb 1897  Anthimos VII (Anthimus VII)             (b. 1827 - d. 1913)
10 Feb 1897 - 14 Apr 1897  Konstantinos of Ephesos                 (b. 1833 - d. 1914)
                             (Locum Tenens)
14 Apr 1897 -  9 Apr 1901  Konstantinos V (Constantine V)          (s.a.)
12 Apr 1901 -  7 Jun 1901  Nathanail of Prousa (2nd time)          (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 7 Jun 1901 - 26 Nov 1912  Ioakim III (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
 3 Dec 1912 - 10 Feb 1913  Germanos of Amasia (Locum Tenens)       (b. 1866 - d. 1935)
10 Feb 1913 - 25 Oct 1918  Germanos V (Germanus V)                 (b. 1835 - d. 1920)
25 Oct 1918 - 19 Mar 1921  Dorotheos of Prousa (Locum Tenens)      (b. 1861 - d. 1921)
19 Mar 1921 -  8 Dec 1921  Nikolaos of Kaisaria (1st time)         (b. 1862 - d. 1927)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 8 Dec 1921 - 20 Sep 1923  Meletios IV (Meletius IV)               (b. 1871 - d. 1935)
                             (in exile from 10 Jul 1923)
10 Jul 1923 -  2 Oct 1923  Nikolaos of Kaisaria (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (Head of Synod)
 2 Oct 1923 -  6 Dec 1923  Kallinikos of Kyzikos (1st time)        (b. 1855 - d. 1934)
                             (Head of Synod)
 6 Dec 1923 - 17 Nov 1924  Grigorios VII (Gregory VII)             (b. 1855 - d. 1924)
17 Nov 1924 - 24 Nov 1924  Kallinikos of Kyzikos (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (Head of Synod)
24 Nov 1924 - 17 Dec 1924  Vasilios of Nikaia (Head of Synod)      (b. 1846 - d. 1929)
17 Dec 1924 - 22 May 1925  Konstantinos VI (Constantine VI)        (b. 1860 - d. 1930)
                             (in exile from 30 Jan 1925)
22 May 1925 - 13 Jul 1925  Nikolaos of Kaisaria (3rd time)         (s.a.)
                             (Head of Synod)
13 Jul 1925 - 29 Sep 1929  Vasilios III (Basil III)                (s.a.)
29 Sep 1929 -  7 Oct 1929  Kallinikos of Kyzikos (3rd time)        (s.a.)
                             (Head of Synod)
 7 Oct 1929 - 29 Dec 1935  Photios II (Photius II)                 (b. 1874 - d. 1935)
29 Dec 1935 - 18 Jan 1936  Veniamin of Iraklia                     (b. 1871 - d. 1946)
                             (Head of Synod)
18 Jan 1936 - 17 Feb 1946  Veniamin I (Benjamin I)                 (s.a.)
17 Feb 1946 - 20 Feb 1946  Maximos of Chalkidon                    (b. 1897 - d. 1972)
                             (Head of Synod)
20 Feb 1946 - 18 Oct 1948  Maximos V (Maximus V)                   (s.a.)
18 Oct 1948 -  1 Nov 1948  Thomas of Chalkidon                     (b. 1889 - d. 1966)
                             (Head of Synod)
 1 Nov 1948 -  7 Jul 1972  Athinagoras I (Athenagoras I)           (b. 1886 - d. 1972)
 7 Jul 1972 - 16 Jul 1972  Meliton of Chalkidon                    (b. 1913 - d. 1989)
                             (Head of Synod)
16 Jul 1972 -  2 Oct 1991  Dimitrios I (Demetrius I)               (b. 1914 - d. 1991)
 2 Oct 1991 - 22 Oct 1991  Vartholomaios of Chalkidon              (b. 1940)
                             (Head of Synod)
22 Oct 1991 -              Vartholomaios I (Bartholomew I)         (s.a.)

 ¹The Ecumenical Patriarch is also officially the "Spiritual Leader" of the "Autonomous Monastic State of Ayion Oros", (also styled "Athonian Republic"), that is, he is the Head of that Autonomous State, which itself is part of Greece.

 ²This is an interesting case. A faction who wanted to remove Ieremias from the throne
decided to support Kyrillos of Proussa for Patriarch, although he himself had no such aspirations. They paid good money to the Turkish officials who declared that Kyrillos 
should take the place of Ieremias as Patriarch. Subsequently, Ieremias went into hiding.
Kyrillos, however, refused to take the place of Ieremias in the Patriarchal throne, and the situation became irregular. On 28 Jan the Turks, seeing that no one came to the throne,
let Ieremias continue as Patriarch.

c.43                       Church of Alexandria founded by the Apostle Mark (St. Mark).
30 Sep 1928                Adopts the revised Julian calendar.

Popes and Patriarchs of Alexandria and All Africa 
 3 Nov 1688 - 31 Jan 1710  Gerasimos II                       (b. 16.. - d. 1714)
 2 Feb 1710 - Jan/Feb 1712 Samouil I (1st time)               (b. 1661 - d. 1723)
Jan/Feb 1712-Jan/Feb 1714  Kosmas II (1st time)               (b. 16.. - d. 1736)
Jan/Feb 1714 - Sep 1723    Samouil I (2nd time)               (s.a.)
23 Sep 1723 -  9 Dec 1736  Kosmas II (2nd time)               (s.a.)
16 Mar 1737 - 14 Jun 1746  Kosmas III                         (b. 16.. - d. 1746)
29 Aug 1746 - 20 Jul 1766  Mattheos I                         (b. c.1700 - d. 1775)
23 Jul 1766 -  1 Jul 1783  Kyprianos I                        (b. 1723? - d. 1783)
 1 Jul 1783 - 17 Aug 1788  Gerasimos III                      (b. 17.. - d. 1788)
24 Sep 1788 - 21 Sep 1805  Parthenios II                      (b. 1735 - d. 1805)
21 Nov 1805 - 26 Oct 1825  Theophilos III                     (b. 1764 - d. 1833)
10 Nov 1825 - 20 Sep 1845  Ierotheos I                        (b. 17.. - d. 1845)
 9 Oct 1845 - 11 Feb 1847  Artemios I                         (b. 17.. - d. 1858)
 2 May 1847 - 13 Jan 1858  Ierotheos II                       (b. 17.. - d. 1858)
 7 Feb 1858 -  5 Jun 1861  Kallinikos I                       (b. 1800 - d. 1889)
 6 Jun 1861 - 12 Jan 1866  Iakovos I (or II)                  (b. 1803 - d. 1866)
16 Jan 1866 - 17 Jan 1866  Chrysanthos of Pentapolis          (b. 1815 - d. 1866)
                             (Locum Tenens)
17 Jan 1866 - 31 Mar 1869  Nikanor I                          (b. 1790 - d. 1870)
Dec 1866 - 22 Feb 1868     Evgenios Xiropotamitis             (d. 1875)
                             (Locum Tenens)(in opposition)
31 Mar 1869 -  2 Apr 1869  Nilos of Pentapolis (Locum Tenens) (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
 2 Apr 1869 - 28 Oct 1870  Nilos I                            (s.a.)
                             (in opposition after 11 Jun 1870)
11 Jun 1870 -  3 Sep 1899  Sophronios IV                      (b. 1798 - d. 1899)
 3 Sep 1899 - 22 Jan 1900  Meletios Apostolopoulos            (b. 1860 - d. 1919)
                             (Locum Tenens)
22 Jan 1900 -  4 Sep 1925  Photios I                          (b. 1853 - d. 1925)
 4 Sep 1925 - 20 May 1929  Theophanis of Tripolis (1st time)  (b. 1864 - d. 1954)
                             (Locum Tenens)
20 May 1926 - 28 Jul 1935  Meletios II                        (b. 1871 - d. 1935)
 4 Aug 1935 - 11 Feb 1936  Theophanis of Tripolis (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
11 Feb 1936 -  3 Mar 1939  Nikolaos V                         (b. 1876 - d. 1939)
 3 Mar 1939 - 21 Jun 1939  Theophanis of Tripolis (3rd time)  (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
21 Jun 1939 - 16 Nov 1966  Christophoros II                   (b. 1876 - d. 1967)
16 Nov 1966 - 10 May 1968  Konstantinos of Leontopolis        (b. 1887 - d. 1980)
                             (Locum Tenens)
10 May 1968 -  9 Jul 1986  Nikolaos VI                        (b. 1915 - d. 1986)
 9 Jul 1986 - 27 Feb 1987  Varnavas of Pilousion              (b. 1921 - d. 1993)
                             (Locum Tenens)
27 Feb 1987 - 23 Jul 1996  Parthenios III                     (b. 1919 - d. 1996)
23 Jul 1996 - 21 Feb 1997  Pavlos of Ioannoupolis             (b. 1920 - d. 2013)
                             (Locum Tenens)
21 Feb 1997 - 11 Sep 2004  Petros VII                         (b. 1949 - d. 2004)
18 Sep 2004 -  9 Oct 2004  Petros of Axomi (Locum Tenens)     (b. 1932 - d. 2020)
 9 Oct 2004 -              Theodoros II                       (b. 1954)

c.44                       Church of Antioch founded by the Apostle Peter (St. Peter).
334 - 455                  Arians control of the See of Antioch.
1099 - 1268                Latin Patriarchs of Antioch appointed.
30 Sep 1929                Adopts the revised Julian calendar.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All the East
1684 - 16 Feb 1720         Kyrillos VI (2nd time)             (b. 1657 - d. 1720)
 5 Jul 1686 - Oct/Nov 1694 Athanasios III (1st time)          (b. 1647 - d. 1724)
                             (in opposition)
16 Feb 1720 - 24 Jul 1724  Athanasios III (2nd time)          (s.a.)
 8 Oct 1724 - 24 Mar 1766  Silvestros I                       (d. 1766)
 9 May 1766 - 16 Jul 1767  Philimon I                         (d. 1767)
17 Aug 1767 - 26 Dec 1791  Daniil I                           (b. 1736? - d. 1793)
26 Dec 1791 -  1 Aug 1813  Anthemios I                        (b. 17.. - d. 1813)
Aug 1813 -  3 Mar 1823     Seraphim I                         (b. 17.. - d. 1823)
25 May 1823 -  6 Jul 1850  Methodios I                        (b. 1771 - d. 1850)
19 Oct 1850 - 28 Mar 1885  Ierotheos I                        (b. 1800 - d. 1885)
28 Mar 1885 -  3 Jun 1885  Seraphim of Irinoupolis (1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1906) 
                             (Locum Tenens)
 3 Jun 1885 - 24 Apr 1891  Gerasimos I                        (b. 1839 - d. 1897)
24 Apr 1891 - 14 Oct 1891  Seraphim of Irinoupolis (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
14 Oct 1891 - 12 Feb 1898  Spyridon I                         (b. 1839 - d. 1921)
 7 Jan 1898 -  8 Mar 1899  Germanos of Tarsos (Locum Tenens)  (b. c.1830 - d. 1911)
                             (in opposition to 12 Feb 1898)
24 May 1898 - 27 Apr 1899  Meletios of Laodikia               (b. 1839 - d. 1906)
                             (Locum Tenens)
                             (in opposition to 8 Mar 1899)
27 Apr 1899 - 21 Feb 1906  Meletios II                        (s.a.)
21 Feb 1906 - 29 Jun 1906  Athanasios of Emessa               (b. 1853 - d. 1924)
                             (Locum Tenens)
29 Jun 1906 - 12 Dec 1928  Grigorios IV                       (b. 1859 - d. 1928)
12 Dec 1928 -  9 Feb 1931¹ Arsenios of Laodikia               (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 9 Feb 1931 - 15 Jan 1933  Arsenios II                        (s.a.)
12 Feb 1931 - 17 Jun 1958  Alexandros III                     (b. 1869 - d. 1958)
                             (in opposition to 15 Jan 1933)¹
17 Jun 1958 - 14 Nov 1958  Theodosios of Tripolis             (b. 1886 - d. 1970)
                             (Locum Tenens)
14 Nov 1958 - 19 Sep 1970  Theodosios VI                      (s.a.)
19 Sep 1970 - 25 Sep 1970  Ilias of Aleppo (Locum Tenens)     (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
25 Sep 1970 - 21 Jun 1979  Ilias IV                           (s.a.)
21 Jun 1979 -  2 Jul 1979  Ilias of Tripolis (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1925 - d. 2009)
 2 Jul 1979 -  5 Dec 2012  Ignatios IV                        (b. 1920 - d. 2012)
 7 Dec 2012 - 17 Dec 2012  Saba of Bosra-Hauran and Jabal     (b. 1959)
                             al-Arab (Locum Tenens)
17 Dec 2012 -              Ioannis X²                         (b. 1955)

 ¹When Grigorios IV died in Dec 1928, the Holy Synod deadlocked, eventually splitting into two factions. The larger section elected Arsenios II (s.a.), the smaller one Alexandros III (s.a.). They reconciled briefly in 1931, the factions agreeing that both men would be considered valid patriarchs until one of them died. However, Arsenios died in 1933 and is now considered an anti-patriarch for that period. Another member of his faction, Epiphanios, was elected his successor as patriarch in 1935, but eventually resigned his title and rejoined the Holy Synod.

 ²The number X adopted by this patriarch appears to be based on a rather erroneous list showing the last holder of his name as IX. As the latter was patriarch in the 12th century, the facts are obscure; however, studies by Venance Grumel ("Les patriarches grecs d'Antioche du nom de Jean" [Echos d'Orient 1933] and "Jean ou Denys? Note sur un patriarche d'Antioche" [Revue des études byzantines 1951]) indicate that the correct number of the patriarch of 2012 would be VI or VII.

c.44                       Church of Jerusalem founded by Apostle James (St. James).

Patriarchs of the Holy City of Jerusalem and All Palestine
 2 Feb 1669 - 18 Feb 1707  Dositheos II                       (b. 1641 - d. 1707)
19 Feb 1707 - 18 Feb 1731  Chrysanthos I                      (b. 1663 - d. 1731)
Feb/Mar 1731-Mar/Apr 1737  Meletios I                         (b. 16.. - d. 17..)
Mar/Apr 1737 - 28 Oct 1766 Parthenios I                       (b. 1685 - d. 1770)
Dec 1766 - 26 Apr 1770     Ephraim II                         (d. 1770)
28 Apr 1770 -  4 Jan 1775  Sophronios V                       (b. 17.. - d. 1780)
Jun/Jul 1775 - 13 Nov 1787 Avramios I                         (b. 17.. - d. 1787)
13 Nov 1787 -  3 Nov 1788  Prokopios I                        (b. 17.. - d. 1788)
 4 Nov 1788 - 22 Nov 1808  Anthimos I                         (b. 1717 - d. 1808)
22 Nov 1808 - 15 Jan 1827  Polykarpos I                       (b. 17.. - d. 1827)
27 Jan 1827 - 28 Dec 1844  Athanasios V                       (b. 1751 - d. 1844)
28 Mar 1845 - 19 Nov 1872  Kyrillos II                        (b. 1792 - d. 1877)
14 Dec 1872 - 28 Dec 1872  Prokopios of Gaza (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1790 - d. 1880)
28 Dec 1872 - 10 Mar 1875  Prokopios II                       (s.a.)
10 Mar 1875 - 19 May 1875  Iosaph of Philadelphia             (b. 1819 - d. 1886)
                             (Locum Tenens)
19 May 1875 - 23 Jun 1882  Ierotheos I                        (d. 1882)
23 Jun 1882 - 25 Oct 1882  Nikiphoros of Petra (1st time)     (b. 1817 - d. 1909)
                             (Locum Tenens)
25 Oct 1882 -  3 Jan 1883  Photios I (not consecrated)        (b. 1853 - d. 1925)
 3 Jan 1883 - 16 Aug 1883  Nikiphoros of Petra (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
16 Aug 1883 - 11 Aug 1890  Nikodimos I                        (b. 1827 - d. 1910)
14 Aug 1890 - 11 Mar 1891  Nikiphoros of Petra (3rd time)     (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
11 Mar 1891 - 21 Feb 1897  Gerasimos II                       (b. 1839 - d. 1897)
21 Feb 1897 - 22 Jul 1897  Damianos of Philadelphia           (b. 1848 - d. 1931)
                             (Locum Tenens)
22 Jul 1897 - 26 Dec 1908  Damianos I (1st time)              (s.a.)
26 Dec 1908 - 27 Dec 1908  Commission
                           - Meletios of Tiverias             (b. 1838 - d. 1909)
                           - Meletios of Iordanis             (b. 1851 - d. 1918)
                           - Nikodimos of Lydda               (b. 1846 - d. 1932)
27 Dec 1908 - 23 Feb 1909  Meletios of Tiverias               (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
23 Feb 1909 - 29 Feb 1909  Theophanis of Nazaret              (b. 1857 - d. 1914)
                             (Locum Tenens)
29 Feb 1909 - 19 Sep 1918  Damianos I (2nd time)              (s.a.)
                             (in exile from 19 Nov 1917)
19 Sep 1918 -  5 Jan 1919  Porphyrios of Sinai (Locum Tenens) (b. 1859 - d. 1926)
 5 Jan 1919 - 14 Aug 1931  Damianos I (3rd time)              (s.a.)
14 Aug 1931 -  1 Oct 1934  Keladion of Ptolemais              (b. 1870 - d. 1944)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 1 Oct 1934 - 22 Jul 1935  Meliton of Madava (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
22 Jul 1935 - 31 Dec 1955  Timotheos I                        (b. 1878 - d. 1955)
 1 Jan 1956 - 29 Jan 1957  Athinagoras of Sevastia            (b. 1894 - d. 1966)
                             (Locum Tenens)
29 Jan 1957 - 11 Dec 1980  Venediktos I                       (b. 1892 - d. 1980)
11 Dec 1980 - 16 Feb 1981  Germanos of Petra (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1920 - d. 1991)
16 Feb 1981 - 19 Dec 2000  Diodoros I                         (b. 1923 - d. 2000)
20 Dec 2000 - 13 Aug 2001  Kornilios of Petra (1st time)      (b. 1936 - d. 2023)
                             (Locum Tenens)
13 Aug 2001 - 24 May 2005  Irenaios I                         (b. 1939 - d. 2023)
 6 May 2005 - 30 May 2005  Commission
                           (in opposition to 24 May 2005)
                           - Kornilios of Petra               (s.a.)
                           - Vasilios of Kaisaria             (b. 1923 - d. 2012)
                           - Isychios of Kapitolias           (b. 1944)
30 May 2005 - 22 Aug 2005  Kornilios of Petra (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
22 Aug 2005 -              Theophilos III                     (b. 1952)

Flag of Aleksy II 1990 - 2008

Flag of Kirill I from 2009

988                        Metropolis of Kiev founded.
1318                       See transferred to Moscow.
1448                       Autocephaly
26 Jan 1589                See elevated to Patriarchate by Constantinople.
25 Feb 1721                Patriarchate abolished.¹
21 Nov 1917                Patriarchate restored.

Patriarchs of Moscow and All Russia
 3 Sep 1690 - 27 Oct 1700  Adrian I                           (b. 1637 - d. 1700) 
27 Oct 1700 - 27 Dec 1701  Trifiliy of Krutitsiy              (b. 16.. - d. 1702) 
                             (Locum Tenens) 
27 Dec 1701 -  8 Dec 1722  Stefan of Ryazan                   (b. 1658 - d. 1722) 
                             (Locum Tenens; from 25 Feb 1721, Head of Synod) 
Metropolitans of Moscow²
12 Sep 1742 - 21 Jun 1745  Iosif                              (d. 1745)
21 Jun 1745 - 25 Apr 1748  Platon of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens)  (d. 1754)
25 Apr 1748 - 25 Jun 1754  Platon I                           (s.a.)
25 Jun 1754 -  2 Nov 1757  Ilarion of Krutitsiy (Locum Tenens)(b. 1696 - d. 1760)
 2 Nov 1757 - 29 Apr 1767  Timofey                            (b. 1698 - d. 1767)
29 Apr 1767 - 29 Jan 1768  Amvrosy of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens) (b. 1708 - d. 1771)
29 Jan 1768 - 27 Sep 1771  Amvrosiy                           (b. 1708 - d. 1771)
27 Sep 1771 - 31 Jan 1775  Samuil of Krutitsiy (Locum Tenens) (b. 1731 - d. 1796)
31 Jan 1775 - 25 Jun 1811  Platon II                          (b. 1737 - d. 1812)
25 Jun 1811 -  3 Mar 1818  Avgustin of Dmitrov (Locum Tenens) (b. 1766 - d. 1819)
 3 Mar 1818 - 15 Mar 1819  Avgustin                           (s.a.)
27 Mar 1819 -  1 Jul 1821  Serafim                            (b. 1763 - d. 1843)
15 Jul 1821 -  1 Dec 1867  Filaret                            (b. 1783 - d. 1867)
17 Jan 1868 - 12 Apr 1879  Innokentiy                         (b. 1797 - d. 1879)
12 Apr 1879 - 20 Apr 1879  Amvrosiy of Dmitrov (1st time)     (b. 1820 - d. 1901)
                             (Locum Tenens)
20 Apr 1879 - 21 Jun 1882  Makariy I                          (b. 1816 - d. 1882)
21 Jun 1882 -  9 Jul 1882  Amvrosiy of Dmitrov (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 9 Jul 1882 - 29 Nov 1891  Ioannikiy                          (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
29 Nov 1891 - 13 Aug 1893  Leontiy                            (b. 1822 - d. 1893)
13 Aug 1893 - 21 Aug 1893  Aleksandr of Dmitrov (Locum Tenens)(b. 1839 - d. 1895)
21 Aug 1893 - 23 Feb 1898  Sergiy                             (b. 1820 - d. 1898)
 5 Mar 1898 -  6 Dec 1912  Vladimir                           (b. 1848 - d. 1918)
 8 Dec 1912 -  2 Apr 1917  Makariy II                         (b. 1835 - d. 1926)
 2 Apr 1917 -  4 Jul 1917  Ioasaf of Dmitrov (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1850 - d. 1920)
14 Aug 1917 - 21 Nov 1917  Tikhon                             (b. 1865 - d. 1925)
Metropolitans of St. Petersburg
12 Sep 1742 - 13 Feb 1745  Nikodim                            (b. 16.. - d. 1751)
21 Mar 1745 -  3 May 1750  Fyodosiy                           (b. 1696 - d. 1750)
 6 May 1750 - 28 Apr 1761  Silvestr                           (b. 1701 - d. 1761)
26 Sep 1761 -  5 Aug 1762  Veniamin                           (b. 1706 - d. 1785)
 5 Aug 1762 -  3 Oct 1770  Gavriil I                          (b. 1708 - d. 1783)
 3 Oct 1770 - 27 Oct 1799  Gavriil II                         (b. 1730 - d. 1801)
27 Oct 1799 -  7 Apr 1818  Amvrosiy                           (b. 1742 - d. 1818)
 7 Apr 1818 -  5 Apr 1821  Mikhail                            (b. 1761 - d. 1821)
 1 Jul 1821 - 29 Jan 1843  Serafim                            (b. 1763 - d. 1843)
29 Jan 1843 - 28 Nov 1848  Antoniy                            (b. 1789 - d. 1848)
 2 Dec 1848 - 29 Sep 1856  Nikanor                            (b. 1787 - d. 1856)
13 Oct 1856 - 29 Jun 1860  Grigoriy                           (b. 1784 - d. 1860)
13 Jul 1860 - 19 Sep 1892  Isidor                             (b. 1799 - d. 1892)
30 Oct 1892 - 17 Dec 1898  Palladiy                           (b. 1827 - d. 1898)
 6 Jan 1899 - 15 Nov 1912  Antoniy                            (b. 1846 - d. 1912)
 6 Dec 1912 -  6 Dec 1915  Vladimir                           (b. 1848 - d. 1918)
 6 Dec 1915 - 19 Mar 1917  Pitirim                            (b. 1858 - d. 1919)
Metropolitans of Kiev
30 May 1722 - 10 Nov 1917  see Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Patriarchs of Moscow and All Russia (Patriarkh Moskovskiy i vseya Rusi)
21 Nov 1917 -  7 Apr 1925  Tikhon I                           (s.a.) 
                            (imprisoned 5 May 1922 - 25 Jun 1923)
12 May 1922 - 18 Jun 1922  Agafangel of Yaroslavl             (b. 1854 - d. 1928)
                            (Locum Tenens)(imprisoned 28 Jun 1922)
12 Apr 1925 - 10 Oct 1937  Pyotr of Krutitsiy                 (b. 1862 - d. 1937) 
                            (Locum Tenens)(imprisoned) 
14 Dec 1925 -  8 Dec 1926  Sergiy of Nizhniy Novgorod         (b. 1867 - d. 1944) 
                            (acting for Pyotr)(1st time)
 8 Dec 1926 - 29 Dec 1926  Iosif of Leningrad                 (b. 1872 - d. 1937) 
                            (acting for Pyotr)
29 Dec 1926 - 12 Apr 1927  Serafim of Uglich                  (b. 1881 - d. 1937) 
                            (acting for Pyotr)
12 Apr 1927 - 10 Oct 1937  Sergiy of Nizhniy Novgorod (from   (s.a.) 
                            1932 Gorkiy)(from 27 Apr 1934, Sergiy of Moscow) 
                            (acting for Pyotr)(2nd time)
10 Oct 1937 -  8 Sep 1943  Sergiy of Moscow (Locum Tenens)    (s.a.) 
 8 Sep 1943 - 15 May 1944  Sergiy I                           (s.a.) 
15 May 1944 -  2 Feb 1945  Aleksiy of Leningrad               (b. 1877 - d. 1970) 
                             (Locum Tenens) 
 2 Feb 1945 - 17 Apr 1970  Aleksiy I                          (s.a.)
18 Apr 1970 -  2 Jun 1971  Pimen of Krutitsiy (Locum Tenens)  (b. 1910 - d. 1990) 
 2 Jun 1971 -  3 May 1990  Pimen I                            (s.a.)
 3 May 1990 - 10 Jun 1990  Filaret of Kiev (Locum Tenens)     (b. 1929) 
10 Jun 1990 -  5 Dec 2008  Aleksiy II                         (b. 1929 - d. 2008)
 6 Dec 2008 -  1 Feb 2009  Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad (b. 1946)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 1 Feb 2009 -              Kirill I                           (s.a.)

 ¹The Russian Church was then administered by the Holy Synod in which the Metropolitans of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Kiev were permanent members. This Synod was recognized as the Patriarchate of Russia by the rest of Orthodoxy.

 ²Full titles: Metropolitans of Moscow and Vladimir (1742-1748); Metropolitans of Moscow and Sevsk (1748-1764); Metropolitans of Moscow and Kaluga (1764-1799); Metropolitans of Moscow and Kolomna (1799-1917). 

Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia

 2 Dec 1920                Temporary Higher Church Administration Abroad created.
 2 Dec 1921                Supreme Ecclesiastic Administration Abroad formed.
 2 Sep 1922                Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR) established
                             (also called the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad).
 9 Sep 1927                Formal break of communion with ecclesiastic authorities in Moscow.
17 May 2007                Church unification act signed re-establishing canonical ties
                             with the Russian Orthodox Church.

16 Aug 1219                Autocephaly granted by Constantinople.
11 Apr 1346                Unilateral elevation of See to Patriarchate (of Peć).
1379                       Patriarchate recognized by Constantinople.
30 Jun 1459                Patriarchate abolished by Constantinople.
1557                       Patriarchate restored by Constantinople.
22 Sep 1766                Patriarchate abolished by Constantinople.
29 Aug 1831                Autonomy restored by Constantinople.
 1 Nov 1879                Autocephaly restored by Constantinople.
12 Sep 1920                Patriarchate restored by Constantinople.

Patriarchs of Peć
1672 - 1693                Arsenije III Carnojević            (b. 1633 - d. 1706)
1693 - 27 Aug 1710         Kalinik I Skopljanac               (b. 16.. - d. 1710)
                             (co-adjutor 1691-1693)
17 Jan 1711 -  4 May 1712  Atanasije I Ljubojević             (b. 16.. - d. 1712)
17 Oct 1712 - 1725         Mojsije Rajović                    (d. 1726)
1725 - 1739                Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta    (b. 1698 - d. 1748)
May/Jun 1739 - 1746        Joanikije III Karadža              (b. c.1700 - d. 1793)
                             (co-adjutor 1737-1739)
1747 - 12 Apr 1752         Atanasije II Gavrilović            (d. 1752)
Apr 1752 - May 1752        Gavrilo II Sarajevac               (d. 1752)
May/Jun 1752 - 1754        Gavrilo III Nikolin (1st time)     (d. 1779)
1754 - 1756                Vikentije I Stefanović             (d. 1758)
1756 - Jun/Jul 1757        Pajsije II Grk                     (d. 1758)
Jun/Jul 1757-Mar/Apr 1758  Gavrilo III Nikolin (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Mar/Apr 1758 - 1763        Kirilo II Grk
1763 - Apr 1765            Vasilije Jovanović Brkić           (b. 1719 - d. 1772)
1765 - 22 Sep 1766         Kalinik II Grk
Metropolitans of Belgrade (under Ecumenical Patriarchate)
1766 - 12 Jul 1784         Jeremija Papazoglu
Jul/Aug 1785 - 1791        Dionizije I Papazoglu              (b. 1750 - d. 1828)
Sep/Oct 1791 - 28 Feb 1801 Metodije                           (b. 17.. - d. 1801)
Apr/May 1801-Sep/Oct 1813  Leontije Lambrović                 (b. 177. - d. 1822)
1809 - 1811                Hadži Melentije Stevanović         (b. 1766 - d. 1824)
                             (in opposition)
1813 - 1815                Dionizije II Niski                 (b. 17.. - d. 1815)
Nov/Dec 1815-Aug/Sep 1825  Agatangel                          (b. 1769 - d. 1831)
1815 - 1816                Melentije Pavlović                 (b. 1776 - d. 1833)
                             (in opposition)
Aug/Sep 1825 - 26 Feb 1827 Kiril                              (d. 1827)
Mar/Apr 1827 - 1831        Antim                              (b. 1759 - d. 1852)
Metropolitans of Serbia
29 Aug 1831 - 23 Jun 1833  Melentije Pavlović                 (s.a.)
Dec 1833 - Jan/Feb 1859    Petar Jovanović                    (b. 1800 - d. 1864)
 6 Aug 1859 - 30 Oct 1881  Mihailo II Jovanović (1st time)    (b. 1826 - d. 1898)
30 Oct 1881 -  1 Apr 1883  Mojsije Veresić of Timok           (b. 1835 - d. 1896)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 1 Apr 1883 - May 1889     Teodosije Mraović                  (b. 1815 - d. 1892)
18 May 1889 - 17 Feb 1898  Mihailo II Jovanović (2nd time)    (s.a.)
17 Feb 1898 -  1 Jun 1905  Inokentije Pavlović                (b. 1840 - d. 1905)
                             (Locum Tenens to 27 Feb 1898)
 1 Jun 1905 - 25 Nov 1920  Dimitrije Pavlović                 (b. 1846 - d. 1930)
                             (Locum Tenens to 1 Sep 1905)
Archbishops of Peć, Metropolitans of Belgrade and Karlovci, Patriarchs of the Serbs
25 Nov 1920 -  6 Apr 1930  Dimitrije                          (s.a.)
 6 Apr 1930 - 24 Jul 1937  Varnava                            (b. 1880 - d. 1937)
                             (Locum Tenens to 12 Apr 1930)
24 Jul 1937 - 21 Feb 1938  Dositej Vasić of Zagreb            (b. 1887 - d. 1945)
                             (Locum Tenens)
21 Feb 1938 -  7 May 1950  Gavrilo V                          (b. 1881 - d. 1950)
                             (German prisoner 25 May 1941 - Apr 1945,
                             then in exile to 14 Nov 1946)
25 May 1941 - 14 Nov 1946  Josif Cvijović of Skopje           (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 7 May 1950 -  1 Jul 1950  Arsenije Bradvarević of Montenegro (b. 1883 - d. 1963)
                             and the Littoral (Locum Tenens)
 1 Jul 1950 -  5 Jul 1958  Vikentije II                       (b. 1890 - d. 1958)
 5 Jul 1958 - 14 Sep 1958  Hrizostom Vojnović of Braničevo    (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
                             (Locum Tenens)
14 Sep 1958 -  1 Jul 1989  German                             (b. 1899 - d. 1991)
 1 Jul 1989 -  1 Dec 1990  Jovan Pavlović of Zagreb           (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 1 Dec 1990 - 15 Nov 2009  Pavle                              (b. 1914 - d. 2009)
13 Nov 2007 - 22 Jan 2010  Amfilohije Radović of Montenegro   (b. 1938 - d. 2020)
                             and the Littoral
                             (acting [for Pavle to 15 Nov 2009];
                             president of the Synod from 17 May 2008)
22 Jan 2010 - 20 Nov 2020  Irinej                             (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
20 Nov 2020 - 19 Feb 2021  Hrizostom Jević of Dabar-Bosna     (b. 1952)
                             (president of the Synod)
19 Feb 2021 -              Porfirije                          (b. 1961)

Serbian Orthodox Church inside Austrian Empire

15 Dec 1864                Unilateral declaration of autocephaly.
 7 May 1885                Autocephaly recognized by Constantinople.
30 Sep 1924                Adopts the revised Julian calendar.
 4 Feb 1925                See elevated to Patriarchate by Constantinople.

Metropolitans of Hungaro-Walachia (under Ecumenical Patriarchate)
May 1679 -  7 Feb 1708     Theodosios (2nd time)              (b. 1620 - d. 1708)
 8 Feb 1708 - Sep/Oct 1716 Anthimos                           (b. 1650 - d. 1716)
Sep/Oc 1716 - 1719         Mitrofanis II                      (b. 16.. - d. 1720)
30 Aug 1719 - 22 Dec 1731  Daniil II                          (b. 1665 - d. 1731)
Jan/Feb 1732 -  4 Oct 1738 Stephanos II                       (b. 1680 - d. 1738)
18 Nov 1738 - 27 Jun 1753  Neophytos I                        (b. 1690 - d. 1753)
1753 - 1760                Philaretos I                       (d. 1760)
 8 Aug 1760 - 29 Sep 1787  Grigorios II                       (b. 1710 - d. 1787)
12 Oct 1787 - 14 Sep 1792  Kosmas                             (d. 1792)
17 Sep 1792 -  6 Oct 1793  Philaretos II                      (b. 1735 - d. 1794)
 6 Oct 1793 - 27 Jan 1810  Dositheos                          (b. 1734 - d. 1826)
17 May1810-Aug/Sep/Oct1812 Ignatios II                        (b. 1765 - d. 1829)
28 Dec 1812 - 13 May 1819  Nektarios                          (d. 1825)
May 1819 - Apr/May 1821    Dionysios II                       (b. 1769 - d. 1831)
16 Jan 1823 -  4 Jul 1834  Grigorios III                      (b. 1765 - d. 1834)
 3 Aug 1834 - 11 Jul 1840  Commission
                           - Ilarion of Argeş                 (b. 1777 - d. 1845)
                           - Neophytos of Râmnic              (b. 1787 - d. 1850)
                           - Kaisarios of Buzău               (b. 1784 - d. 1846)
11 Jul 1840 - 27 Aug 1849  Neophytos II                       (s.a.)
 5 Oct 1850 - 29 Jan 1865  Nifon II                           (b. 1789 - d. 1875)
Metropolitans of Hungaro-Walachia and Primates of All Romania
29 Jan 1865 - 17 May 1875  Nifon                              (s.a.)
31 May 1875 - 14 Aug 1886  Calinic                            (b. 1822 - d. 1886)
22 Nov 1886 - 29 Mar 1893  Iosif (1st time)                   (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
18 May 1893 - 20 May 1896  Ghenadie                           (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
 6 Dec 1896 - 24 Jan 1909  Iosif (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
 5 Feb 1909 - 28 Jun 1911  Athanasie                          (b. 1856 - d. 1931)
19 Feb 1912 -  1 Jan 1919  Conon                              (b. 1837 - d. 1922)
31 Dec 1919 -  4 Feb 1925  Miron                              (b. 1868 - d. 1939)
Patriarchs of All Romania, Archbishops of Bucharest, Metropolitans of Muntenia and Dobrogea
 4 Feb 1925 -  7 Mar 1939  Miron                              (s.a.)
Mar 1939 - 30 Jun 1939     Nicodim of Moldavia (Locum Tenens) (b. 1865 - d. 1948)
30 Jun 1939 - 27 Feb 1948  Nicodim                            (s.a.)
Feb 1948 - 24 May 1948     Justinian of Moldavia              (b. 1901 - d. 1977)
                             (Locum Tenens)
24 May 1948 - 26 Mar 1977  Justinian                          (s.a.)
Mar 1977 - 12 Jun 1977     Iustin of Moldavia and Suceava     (b. 1910 - d. 1986)
                             (Locum Tenens)
12 Jun 1977 - 31 Jul 1986  Iustin                             (s.a.)
Aug 1986 -  9 Nov 1986     Teoctist of Moldavia and Suceava   (b. 1915 - d. 2007)
                             (Locum Tenens)
 9 Nov 1986 - 30 Jul 2007  Teoctist                           (s.a.)
18 Jan 1990 -  5 Apr 1990  Nicolae of Banat                   (b. 1923 - d. 2014)
                             (Locum Tenens; in dissidence)
31 Jul 2007 - 12 Sep 2007  Daniel of Moldavia and Bucovina    (b. 1951)
                             (Locum Tenens)
12 Sep 2007 -              Daniel                             (s.a.)

10 Feb 1865                Subordination of See to Primate Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia
                             and creation of a united church in Romania.

Metropolitans of Moldavo-Walachia (autonomous under Ecumenical Patriarchate)
1689 - 1701                Savvas II                          (b. 16.. - d. 1705)
1701 - Aug/Sep 1708        Misail                             (d. 1715)
1708 - 1722                Gedeon II                          (d. 1722)
1722 - 1729                Georgios IV                        (d. 1729)
1730 - Oct/Nov 1739        Antonios                           (d. 1748)
1740 - 27 Oct 1750         Nikiforos                          (b. 1680 - d. 1751)
24 Nov 1750 - Jan 1760     Iakovos I                          (b. 1710 - d. 1778)
30 Jan 1760 -  3 Mar 1786  Gavriil                            (b. 1710 - d. 1786)
13 Mar 1786 - Jan 1789     Leon                               (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
 2 Jul 1792 - 24 Mar 1803  Iakovos II                         (b. 1749 - d. 1803)
30 Mar 1803 - 30 Jan 1842  Veniamin                           (b. 1768 - d. 1846)
14 Feb 1844 -  1 Jul 1848  Meletios                           (b. 1777 - d. 1848)
22 Feb 1851 - 19 Nov 1860  Sofronios                          (b. 1790 - d. 1861)
20 Nov 1860 - 22 May 1865  Vacant

911                        Unilateral elevation of See to Patriarchate (Preslav).
927                        Patriarchate recognized by Constantinople (Dristra).
971                        Patriarchate abolished by Constantinople.
976                        Unilateral elevation of See to Patriarchate (Ohrid).
1018                       Patriarchate abolished by Constantinople.
1235                       Patriarchate restored (Turnovo).
1393                       Patriarchate abolished.
11 Mar 1870                Unilateral establishment of Autocephalous Exarchate.
22 Feb 1945                Autocephaly recognized by Constantinople.
10 May 1953                Unilateral elevation of See to Patriarchate.
 1 Aug 1961                Patriarchate recognized by Constantinople.
20 Oct 1968                Adopts the revised Julian calendar.
 4 Jul 1996 - May 2010     Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Alternative synod, in dissidence.

Metropolitans of Turnovo (under Ecumenical Patriarchate)
1697?                      Theodosios
1708? - 1714               Dionysios IV                       (d. 1714)
1714 - 1722                Iosiph II
1722 - 1739                Nikiphoros
1739 - Jan/Feb 1751        Anthimos II
Jan/Feb 1751 - Jan 1764    Theophilos                         (d. 1764)
Jan 1764 - Jan/Feb 1770    Parthenios                         (d. 1777)
Jan/Feb 1770 - 1791        Kallinikos                         (d. 1791)
Dec1791/Jan1792-23Feb 1797 Mattheos (1st time)                (d. 1802)
23 Feb 1797 -  3 Nov 1797  Philotheos                         (d. 1816)
 3 Nov 1797 - 1802         Mattheos (2nd time)                (s.a.)
Mar/Apr 1802 - 1805        Daniil                             (d. 1805)
Jan/Feb 1806-Jun/Jul 1817  Makarios II                        (d. 1830)
Jun/Jul 1817 - 16 Jun 1821 Ioannikios                         (d. 1821)
Jun/Jul 1821 -  7 Jul 1827 Ilarion (1st time)                 (d. 1838)
 7 Jul 1827 - Nov/Dec 1830 Konstantios                        (b. 1760? - d. 1859)
Nov/Dec 1830 - 1838        Ilarion (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
Feb/Mar 1838 - 10 May 1840 Panaretos                          (d. 1878)
May/Jun 1840-Jun/Jul 1846  Neophytos (1st time)               (d. af.1874)
Jun/Jul 1846 - 1848        Athanasios II                      (d. 1848)
Aug/Sep 1848 -  7 Feb 1858 Neophytos (2nd time)               (s.a.)
 7 Feb 1858 - 21 Jan 1882  Grigorios                          (b. 1801 - d. 1882)
                             (in exile from 1872)
Exarchs of the Bulgarians
24 Feb 1872 - 28 Feb 1872  Ilarion                            (b. 1800 - d. 1884)
28 Feb 1872 - 24 Apr 1877  Anthim                             (b. 1816 - d. 1888)
 6 May 1877 -  3 Jul 1915  Iosif                              (b. 1840 - d. 1915)
Provisional Heads of the Holy Synod
1915 - 1918                Parteni of Sofia                   (b. 1845 - d. 1918)
1918 - 1920                Vasili of Dorostolum               (b. 1847 - d. 1927)
1920 - 1921                Boris of Ohrid                     (b. 1875 - d. 1938)
1921 - 1927                Maxim of Plovdiv                   (b. 1850 - d. 1938)
28 Mar 1928 -  3 May 1930  Kliment of Vratsa                  (b. 1873 - d. 1930)
1930 - 16 Oct 1944         Neofit of Vidin                    (b. 1868 - d. 1971)
16 Oct 1944 - 21 Jan 1945  Stefan of Sofia                    (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
Exarch of the Bulgarians
21 Jan 1945 -  8 Sep 1948  Stefan                             (s.a.)
Provisional Heads of the Holy Synod
 8 Nov 1948 -  4 Jan 1949  Mikhail of Dorostolum              (b. 1884 - d. 1961)
1949 -  3 Jan 1951         Paisi of Vratsa                    (b. 1888 - d. 1974)
 3 Jan 1951 - 10 May 1953  Kiril of Plovdiv                   (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
Patriarchs of All Bulgaria, Metropolitans of Sofia 
10 May 1953 -  7 Mar 1971  Kiril                              (s.a.)
13 Mar 1971 -  4 Jul 1971  Maksim of Lovech (Locum Tenens)    (b. 1914 - d. 2012)
 4 Jul 1971 -  6 Nov 2012  Maxim                              (s.a.)
                             (suspended by government 25 May - 5 Nov 1992)
25 May 1992 -  5 Nov 1992  Pimen of Nevrokop (Locum Tenens)   (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
                             (appopinted by Bulgarian government)
 1 Jul 1996 - 10 Apr 1999  Pimen (in dissidence)              (s.a.)
10 Apr 1999 - 2005         Innokentiy, Metropolitan of Sofia  (b. 1963)
                             (1st time)(Locum Tenens; in dissidence)
2005 - 22 Mar 2006         Boris of Plovdiv                   (b. 1911 - d. 2006)
                             (Locum Tenens; in dissidence) 
22 Mar 2006 - 11 Dec 2012  Innokentiy, Metropolitan of Sofia  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)(Locum Tenens; in dissidence)
 6 Nov 2012 - 10 Nov 2012  Grigorii of Veliko Turnovo (acting)(b. 1950)
10 Nov 2012 - 24 Feb 2013  Kiril of Varna (Locum Tenens)      (b. 1954 - d. 2013)
24 Feb 2013 -              Neofit                             (b. 1945)

467                        Autonomy granted by Antioch.
750                        Autocephaly granted by Antioch.
1008                       Adoption of the Catholicos-Patriarch title.
12 Jul 1811                Patriarchate abolished by Russia.
25 Mar 1917                Patriarchate restored.
31 Oct 1943                Autocephaly recognized by Russia.
 3 Mar 1990                Patriarchate recognized by Constantinople.

Catholicos-Patriarchs of Iberia
1696 - 1700                Ioan VII (2nd time)                (d. 1700)
1700 - 1703                Evdemoz II
1704 - 1730                Domenti III (1st time)(exiled 1725)(d. 1741)
1725 - 1737                Besarion