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United States Government

Contents: Vice Presidents - State Department - U.S. Information Agency - Department of Defense (DOD) - Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - Department of the Army - Corps of Engineers - National Guard Bureau - Department of the Navy - Marine Corps - Department of the Air Force - Space Force - Regional Commands - National Security Agency (NSA) - Post Office Department - Department  of the Treasury - Comptroller of Currency - Internal Revenue Service (IRS) - U.S. Mint - Department of Justice (DOJ) - Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - Solicitor General - Drug Enforcement Admin. (DEA) - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATF) - Federal Bureau of Prisons - U.S. Marshals Service - Department  of the Interior (DOI) - Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) - Bureau of Land Management (BLM) - Bureau of Reclamation - Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - National Park Service (NPS) - War Relocation Authority (WRA) - Department of Agriculture - Forest Service - Department of Commerce (DOC) - Commerce and Labor Dept. - Census Bureau - Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. (NOAA) - NOAA Commissioned Officers Corps - National Weather Service - National Recovery Admin. - Department of Labor (DOL) - Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUDD) - Department  of Transportation (DOT) - Federal Aviation Admin. (FAA) - Maritime Admin. - Department  of Energy (DOE) - Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) - Federal Energy Admin. (FEA) - Energy Research and Development Admin. (ERDA) - Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) - Surgeon General, Public Health Service (PHS) - Food and Drug Admin. (FDA)  - National Institutes of Health - Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - Department of Education - Department of Veterans Affairs - Department of Homeland Security (DHS) - Coast Guard (USCG) - Lighthouse Service - Customs Service - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - FEMA Predecessors - Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) - Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) - Border Patrol - Secret Service (USSS) - Transportation Security Admin. (TSA)  - 
U.S. Government Part 2: UN Representative - White House Chief  of  Staff - Director of National Intelligence (DNI) - National Security Advisor - Trade Representative (USTR) - American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Federal Reserve System - Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC) - Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - General Services Admin. (GSA) - National Aeronautics and Space Admin. (NASA) - National Archives (NARA) - National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) - National Science Foundation (NSF) - Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) - Peace Corps - Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - Social Security Admin. (SSA) - Smithsonian Institution - Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - U.S. Supreme Court - U.S. Senate - House of Representatives - Library of Congress (LOC) - Government Accountability Office (GAO) - Democratic National Committee (DNC) - Republican National Committee (RNC) -
Former Governments: Confederate States of America (1861-1865) - Hawaii (1795-1900) - Texas Republic (1836-1846) - Vermont (1777-1791) 

Vice Presidents

[1st flag of the Vice
                      President of the U.S. 1936-1948]
7 Feb 1936 - 10 Nov 1948

[2nd flag of the Vice
                      President of U.S. 1948-1975]
10 Nov 1948 - 7 Oct 1975

[flag of the Vice President
                      of the United States]
Adopted 7 Oct 1975


White House website

Vice Presidents¹
21 Apr 1789 -  4 Mar 1797  John Adams                        (b. 1735 - d. 1826)  Fed
 4 Mar 1797 -  4 Mar 1801  Thomas Jefferson                  (b. 1743 - d. 1826)  D-R
 4 Mar 1801 -  4 Mar 1805  Aaron Burr                        (b. 1756 - d. 1836)  D-R
 4 Mar 1805 - 20 Apr 1812  George Clinton                    (b. 1739 - d. 1812)  D-R
20 Apr 1812 -  4 Mar 1813  Vacant
 4 Mar 1813 - 23 Nov 1814  Elbridge Gerry                    (b. 1744 - d. 1814)  D-R
 4 Mar 1817 -  4 Mar 1825  Daniel D. Tompkins                (b. 1744 - d. 1825)  D-R
 4 Mar 1825 - 28 Dec 1832  John Caldwell Calhoun             (b. 1782 - d. 1850)  Dem
28 Dec 1832 -  4 Mar 1833  Vacant
 4 Mar 1833 -  4 Mar 1837  Martin van Buren                  (b. 1782 - d. 1862)  Dem
 4 Mar 1837 -  4 Mar 1841  Richard Mentor Johnson            (b. 1780 - d. 1850)  Dem
 4 Mar 1841 -  4 Apr 1841  John Tyler                        (b. 1790 - d. 1862)  Whg
 4 Apr 1841 -  4 Mar 1845  Vacant
 4 Mar 1845 -  4 Mar 1849  George Mifflin Dallas             (b. 1792 - d. 1864)  Dem
 4 Mar 1849 -  9 Jul 1850  Millard Fillmore                  (b. 1800 - d. 1874)  Whg
 9 Jul 1850 -  4 Mar 1853  Vacant
 4 Mar 1853 - 18 Apr 1853  William Rufus DeVane King         (b. 1786 - d. 1853)  Dem
18 Apr 1853 -  4 Mar 1857  Vacant
 4 Mar 1857 -  4 Mar 1861  John Cabell Breckinridge          (b. 1821 - d. 1875)  Dem
 4 Mar 1861 -  4 Mar 1865  Hannibal Hamlin                   (b. 1809 - d. 1891)  Rep
 4 Mar 1865 - 15 Apr 1865  Andrew Johnson                    (b. 1808 - d. 1875)  Dem
15 Apr 1865 -  4 Mar 1869  Vacant
 4 Mar 1869 -  4 Mar 1873  Schuyler Colfax                   (b. 1823 - d. 1885)  Rep
 4 Mar 1873 - 22 Nov 1875  Henry Wilson                      (b. 1812 - d. 1875)  Rep
22 Nov 1875 -  4 Mar 1877  Vacant
 4 Mar 1877 -  4 Mar 1881  William Almon Wheeler             (b. 1819 - d. 1887)  Rep
 4 Mar 1881 - 19 Sep 1881  Chester Allen Arthur              (b. 1829 - d. 1886)  Rep
19 Sep 1881 -  4 Mar 1885  Vacant
 4 Mar 1885 - 25 Nov 1885  Thomas Andrews Hendricks          (b. 1819 - d. 1885)  Dem
25 Nov 1885 -  4 Mar 1889  Vacant
 4 Mar 1889 -  4 Mar 1893  Levi Parsons Morton               (b. 1824 - d. 1920)  Rep
 4 Mar 1893 -  4 Mar 1897  Adlai Ewing Stevenson             (b. 1835 - d. 1914)  Dem
 4 Mar 1897 - 21 Nov 1899  Garret Augustus Hobart            (b. 1844 - d. 1899)  Rep
21 Nov 1899 -  4 Mar 1901  Vacant
 4 Mar 1901 - 14 Sep 1901  Theodore Roosevelt                (b. 1858 - d. 1919)  Rep
14 Sep 1901 -  4 Mar 1905  Vacant
 4 Mar 1905 -  4 Mar 1909  Charles Warren Fairbanks          (b. 1852 - d. 1918)  Rep
 4 Mar 1909 - 30 Oct 1912  James Schoolcraft Sherman         (b. 1855 - d. 1912)  Rep
30 Oct 1912 -  4 Mar 1913  Vacant
 4 Mar 1913 -  4 Mar 1921  Thomas Riley Marshall             (b. 1854 - d. 1925)  Dem
 4 Mar 1921 -  2 Aug 1923  Calvin Coolidge                   (b. 1872 - d. 1933)  Rep
 2 Aug 1923 -  4 Mar 1925  Vacant
 4 Mar 1925 -  4 Mar 1929  Charles Gates Dawes               (b. 1865 - d. 1951)  Rep
 4 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Charles Curtis                    (b. 1860 - d. 1936)  Rep
 4 Mar 1933 - 20 Jan 1941  John Nance Garner                 (b. 1868 - d. 1967)  Dem
20 Jan 1941 - 20 Jan 1945  Henry Agard Wallace               (b. 1888 - d. 1965)  Dem
20 Jan 1945 - 12 Apr 1945  Harry S. Truman                   (b. 1884 - d. 1972)  Dem
12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1949  Vacant
20 Jan 1949 - 20 Jan 1953  Alben William Barkley             (b. 1877 - d. 1956)  Dem
20 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  Richard Milhous Nixon             (b. 1913 - d. 1994)  Rep
20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963  Lyndon Baines Johnson             (b. 1908 - d. 1973)  Dem
22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1965  Vacant
20 Jan 1965 - 20 Jan 1969  Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr.      (b. 1911 - d. 1978)  Dem
20 Jan 1969 - 10 Oct 1973  Spiro Theodore Agnew              (b. 1918 - d. 1996)  Rep
10 Oct 1973 -  6 Dec 1973  Vacant
 6 Dec 1973 -  9 Aug 1974  Gerald Rudolph Ford               (b. 1913 - d. 2006)  Rep
 9 Aug 1974 - 19 Dec 1974  Vacant
19 Dec 1974 - 20 Jan 1977  Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller        (b. 1908 - d. 1979)  Rep
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale  (b. 1928 - d. 2021)  Dem
20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989  George Herbert Walker Bush        (b. 1924 - d. 2018)  Rep
20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  James Danforth "Dan" Quayle       (b. 1947)            Rep
20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  Albert "Al" Gore, Jr.             (b. 1948)            Dem
20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009  Richard "Dick" Bruce Cheney       (b. 1941)            Rep
20 Jan 2009 - 20 Jan 2017  Joseph "Joe" Robinette Biden, Jr. (b. 1942)            Dem
20 Jan 2017 -
20 Jan 2021  Michael "Mike" Richard Pence      (b. 1959)            Rep
20 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Kamala Devi Harris (f)            (b. 1964)            Dem
20 Jan 2025 -              James David "J.D." Vance          (b. 1984)            Rep

 ¹The Vice Presidents formally serve as presidents of the Senate, but rarely presides over routine day-to-day debate. Until 1890, the Senate elected a President Pro Tempore whenever the Vice President was not in attendance. When the Vice President returned, the President "Pro Tem" lost his place, and when the Vice President was again absent, the Senate again elected a President Pro Tempore. By the standing order agreed to on 12 Mar 1890, the Senate declared that the President Pro Tempore shall hold office during "the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate does otherwise order."

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, former D-R, est.1829); Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854);
- Former parties: D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1794-1829, renamed Dem); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824); Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)



Department of State

[Secretary of State flag
                      1920-1933 (U.S.)] Flag of Secretary of State
28 Nov 1920 - 21 Jan 1933

[Department of State
                        flag (U.S.)]
Adopted 21 Jan 1933

Department of State

29 Nov 1775                Committee of Secret Correspondence of the Continental Congress.
17 Apr 1777                Committee for Foreign Affairs of the Continental Congress.
10 Jul 1781                Department of Foreign Affairs
15 Sep 1789                Department of State

Secretaries of Foreign Affairs
20 Oct 1781 -  4 Jun 1783  Robert R. Livingston               (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
 7 May 1784 - 15 Sep 1789  John Jay (acting from 4 Mar 1789)  (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
Secretaries
of State
15 Sep 1789 - 22 Mar 1790  John Jay (acting)                  (s.a.)
22 Mar 1790 - 31 Dec 1793  Thomas Jefferson                   (b. 1743 - d. 1826)
 2 Jan 1794 - 20 Aug 1795  Edmund Randolph                    (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
20 Aug 1795 - 12 May 1800  Timothy Pickering                  (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
                             (acting to 9 Dec 1795)
13 May 1800 -  5 Jun 1800  Charles Lee (acting)               (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
 6 Jun 1800 -  4 Mar 1801  John Marshall                      (b. 1755 - d. 1835)
                             (acting from 4 Feb 1801)
 5 Mar 1801 -  1 May 1801  Levi Lincoln (acting)              (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
 2 May 1801 -  3 Mar 1809  James Madison                      (b. 1751 - d. 1836)
 
6 Mar 1809 -  1 Apr 1811  Robert Smith                       (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
 2
Apr 1811 -  3 Mar 1817  James Monroe                       (b. 1758 - d. 1831)
                             (acting 1 Oct 1814 - 28 Feb 1815)
 4 Mar 1817 -  9 Mar 1817  John Graham (acting)               (b. 1774 - d. 1820)
10 Mar 1817 - 22 Sep 1817  Richard Rush (acting)              (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
22 Sep 1817 -  3 Mar 1825  John Quincy Adams                  (b. 1767 - d. 1848)
 4 Mar 1825 -  7 Mar 1825  Daniel Brent (acting)              (b. 1770 - d. 1841)
 7 Mar 1825 -  3 Mar 1829  Henry Clay                         (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
 4 Mar 1829 - 27 Mar 1829  James A. Hamilton (acting)         (b. 1788 - d. 1878)
28 Mar 1829 - 23 May 1831  Martin Van Buren                   (b. 1782 - d. 1862)
24 May 1831 - 29 May 1833  Edward Livingstone                 (b. 1764 - d. 1836)
29 May 1833 - 30 Jun 1834  Louis McLane                       (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
 1 Jul 1834 -  3 Mar 1841  John Forsyth                       (b. 1780 - d. 1841)
 4 Mar 1841 -  5 Mar 1841  Jacob L. Martin (acting)           (b. 1800 - d. 1848)
 
6 Mar 1841 -  8 May 1843  Daniel Webster (1st time)          (b. 1782 - d. 1852)
 9 May 1843 - 20 Jun 1843  Hugh Swinton Legaré (acting)       (b. 1797 - d. 1843)
21 Jun 1843 - 23 Jun 1843  William S. Derrick (acting)        (b. 1802 - d. 1852)
24 Jun 1843 - 28 Feb 1844  Abel Parker Upshur                 (b. 1790 - d. 1844)
                             (acting to 23 Jul 1843)
29 Feb 1844 - 31 Mar 1844  John Nelson (acting)               (b. 1794 - d. 1860)
 1 Apr 1844 - 10 Mar 1845  John Caldwell Calhoun              (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
10 Mar 1845 -  7 Mar 1849  James Buchanan                     (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
 
7 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850  John Middleton Clayton             (b. 1796 - d. 1856)
23 Jul 1850 - 24 Oct 1852  Daniel Webster (2nd time)          (s.a.)
25 Oct 1852 -  5 Nov 1852  Charles M. Conrad (acting)         (b. 1804 - d. 1878)
 6 Nov 1852 -  3 Mar 1853  Edward Everett                     (b. 1794 - d. 1865)
 4 Mar 1853 -  7 Mar 1853  William Hunter (1st time)(acting)  (b. 1805 - d. 1886)
 8 Mar 1853 -  6 Mar 1857  William Learned Marcy              (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
 6 Mar 1857 - 14 Dec 1860  Lewis Cass                         (b. 1782 - d. 1866)
15 Dec 1860 - 16 Dec 1860  William Hunter (2nd time)(acting)  (s.a.)
17 Dec 1860 -  5 Mar 1861  Jeremiah Sullivan Black            (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
 6
Mar 1861 -  4 Mar 1869  William Henry Seward               (b. 1801 - d. 1872)
 
5 Mar 1869 - 16 Mar 1869  Elihu Benjamin Washburne           (b. 1816 - d. 1887)
17 Mar 1869 - 12 Mar 1877  Hamilton Fish                      (b. 1808 - d. 1893)
12 Mar 1877 -  7 Mar 1881  William Maxwell Evarts             (b. 1818 - d. 1901)
 7 Mar 1881 - 19 Dec 1881  James Gillespie Blaine (1st time)  (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
19 Dec 1881 -  6 Mar 1885  Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen   (b. 1817 - d. 1885)
 7
Mar 1885 -  6 Mar 1889  Thomas Francis Bayard              (b. 1828 - d. 1898)
 7 Mar 1889 -  4 Jun 1892  James Gillespie Blaine (2nd time)  (s.a.)
 4 Jun 1892 - 29 Jun 1892  William F. Wharton (1st time)      (b. 1847 - d. 1919)
                             (acting)
29 Jun 1892 - 23 Feb 1893  John Watson Foster                 (b. 1836 - d. 1917)
24 Feb 1893 -  6 Mar 1893  William F. Warton (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 
7 Mar 1893 - 28 May 1895  Walter Quintin Gresham             (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
28 May 1895 - 31 May 1895  Edwin F. Uhl (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1841 - d. 1901)
31 May 1895 -  1 Jun 1895  Alvey A. Adee (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1842 - d. 1924)    
 
1 Jun 1895 -  9 Jun 1895  Edwin F. Uhl (2nd time)(acting)    (s.a.)
10 Jun 1895 -  5 Mar 1897  Richard Olney                      (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
 
6 Mar 1897 - 27 Apr 1898  John Sherman                       (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
28 Apr 1898 - 16 Sep 1898  William Rufus Day                  (b. 1849 - d. 1923)
17 Sep 1898 - 29 Sep 1898  Alvey A. Adee (2nd time)(acting)   (s.a.)
30 Sep 1898 -  1 Jul 1905  John Milton Hay                    (b. 1838 - d. 1905)
 1 Jul 1905 - 18 Jul 1905  Francis B. Loomis (acting)         (b. 1861 - d. 1948)
19 Jul 1905 - 27 Jan 1909  Elihu Root                         (b. 1845 - d. 1937)
27 Jan 1909 -  5 Mar 1909  Robert Bacon                       (b. 1860 - d. 1919)
 
6 Mar 1909 -  5 Mar 1913  Philander Chase Knox               (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
 5 Mar 1913 -  9 Jun 1915  William Jennings Bryan             (b. 1860 - d. 1925)
 9 Jun 1915 - 13 Feb 1920  Robert Lansing                     (b. 1864 - d. 1928)
                             (acting to 23 Jun 1915)
14 Feb 1920 - 14 Mar 1920  Frank Lyon Polk (acting)           (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
23 Mar 1920 -  4 Mar 1921  Bainbridge Colby                   (b. 1869 - d. 1950)
 5 Mar 1921 -  4 Mar 1925  Charles Evans Hughes               (b. 1862 - d. 1948)
 5 Mar 1925 - 28 Mar 1929  Frank Billings Kellogg             (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
28 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Henry Lewis Stimson                (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
 4 Mar 1933 - 30 Nov 1944  Cordell Hull                       (b. 1871 - d. 1955)
 1 Dec 1944 - 27 Jun 1945  Edward Reilly Stettinius           (b. 1900 - d. 1949)
28 Jun 1945 -  3 Jul 1945  Joseph C. Grew (acting)            (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
 3 Jul 1945 - 21 Jan 1947  James Francis Byrnes               (b. 1879 - d. 1972)
21 Jan 1947 - 20 Jan 1949  George Catlett Marshall            (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
20 Jan 1949 - 21 Jan 1949  Robert Lovett (acting)             (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
21 Jan 1949 - 20 Jan 1953  Dean Gooderham Acheson             (b. 1893 - d. 1971)
20 Jan 1953 - 21 Jan 1953  H. Freeman Matthews (acting)       (b. 1899 - d. 1986)
21 Jan 1953 - 22 Apr 1959  John Foster Dulles                 (b. 1888 - d. 1959)
22 Apr 1959 - 20 Jan 1961  Christian Archibald Herter         (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
20 Jan 1961 - 21 Jan 1961  Livingston T. Merchant (acting)    (b. 1903 - d. 1976)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969  Dean Rusk                          (b. 1909 - d. 1994)
20 Jan 1969 - 22 Jan 1969  Charles E. Bohlen (acting)         (b. 1904 - d. 1974)
22 Jan 1969 -  4 Sep 1973  William Pierce Rogers              (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
 
4 Sep 1973 - 21 Sep 1973  Kenneth Rush (acting)              (b. 1910 - d. 1994)
21 Sep 1973 - 20 Jan 1977  Henry Alfred Kissinger             (b. 1923 - d. 2023)
20 Jan 1977 - 23 Jan 1977  Philip C. Habib (acting)           (b. 1920 - d. 1992)
23 Jan 1977 - 28 Apr 1980  Cyrus Roberts Vance                (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
28 Apr 1980 -  2 May 1980  Warren M. Christopher (1st time)   (b. 1925 - d. 2011)
                             (acting)
 2 May 1980 -  3 May 1980  David D. Newsom (1st time)(acting) (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
 3 May 1980                Richard N. Cooper (acting)         (b. 1934 - d. 2020)
 3 May 1980 -  4 May 1980  David D. Newsom (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
 4 May 1980 -  8 May 1980  Warren M. Christopher (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 8 May 1980 - 18 Jan 1981  Edmund Sixtus Muskie               (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
18 Jan 1981 - 22 Jan 1981  David D. Newsom (3rd time)(acting) (s.a.)
22 Jan 1981 -  5 Jul 1982  Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr.          (b. 1924 - d. 2010)
 5 Jul 1982 - 16 Jul 1982  Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. (acting)   (b. 1920 - d. 1986)
16 Jul 1982 - 20 Jan 1989  George P. Shultz                   (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
20 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1989  Michael H. Armacost (acting)       (b. 1937 - d. 2025)
25 Jan 1989 - 23 Aug 1992  James Addison Baker III            (b. 1930)
23 Aug 1992 - 19 Jan 1993  Lawrence S. Eagleburger            (b. 1930 - d. 2011)
                             (acting to 8 Dec 1992)
20 Jan 1993                Arnold L. Kanter (acting)          (b. 1945 - d. 2010)
20 Jan 1993                Frank G. Wisner II (acting)        (b. 1938 - d. 2025)
20 Jan 1993 -  7 Jan 1997  Warren M. Christopher (3rd time)   (s.a.)
 7 Jan 1997 - 23 Jan 1997  Strobe Talbott (acting)            (b. 1946)
23 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Madeleine Korbel Albright (f)      (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2001 - 26 Jan 2005  Colin Luther Powell                (b. 1937 - d. 2021)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Condoleezza "Condi" Rice (f)       (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2009 - 21 Jan 2009  William J. Burns (acting)          (b. 1956)
21 Jan 2009 - 
 1 Feb 2013  Hillary Rodham Clinton (f)         (b. 1947)
 1 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  John F. Kerry                      (b. 1943)
20 Jan 2017 -  1 Feb 2017  Thomas "Tom" Shannon, Jr. (acting) (b. 1958)
 1 Feb 2017 - 31 Mar 2018  Rex W. Tillerson                   (b. 1952)
 1 Apr 2018 -
26 Apr 2018  John J. Sullivan (acting)          (b. 1959)
26 Apr 2018 - 20 Jan 2021  Michael "Mike" R. Pompeo           (b. 1963)
20 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2021  Daniel Bennett Smith (acting)      (b. 1956)
26 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Antony "Tony" J. Blinken           (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2025 - 21 Jan 2025  Lisa S. Dougherty Kenna (f)(acing) (b. 1965) 
21 Jan 2025 -              Marco Antonio Rubio                (b. 1971)


U.S. Information Agency (USIA)

 1 Aug 1953                U.S. Information Agency (USIA)(known overseas as U.S. Information
                             Service [USIS]) established
as an independent agency (from the
                             International Information Administration branch of the
                             Department of State).

 1 Apr 1978 - 24 Aug 1982  Renamed International Communication Agency (ICA).
 1 Oct 1999                Information and exchange functions incorporated into the U.S.
                             Department of State under the Under Secretary of State for
                             Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs (broadcasting functions are
                             consolidated as an independent entity under the Broadcasting
                             Board of Governors).

Directors
 1 Aug 1953 -  5 Aug 1953  Arthur Alden Kimball (acting)      (b. 1908 - d. 1996)
 5 Aug 1953 - 15 Nov 1956  Theodore Cuyler Streibert          (b. 1899 - d. 1987)

16 Nov 1956 - 18 Dec 1956  Abbott M. Washburn (1st time)      (b. 1915 - d. 2003)
                             (acting)
18 Dec 1956 - 27 Oct 1957  Arthur Larson                      (b. 1910 - d. 1993)

27 Oct 1957 - 15 Nov 1957  Abbott M. Washburn (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
15 Nov 1957 -  1 Dec 1960  George Venable Allen               (b. 1903 - d. 1970)

 2 Dec 1960 - 15 Mar 1961  Abbott M. Washburn (3rd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
15 Mar 1961 - 20 Jan 1964  Edward R. Murrow                   (b. 1908 - d. 1965)

20 Jan 1964 - 28 Feb 1964  Donald M. Wilson (1st time)(acting)(b. 1925 - d. 2011)
28 Feb 1964 - 10 Jul 1965  Carl Thomas Rowan                  (b. 1925 - d. 2000)

10 Jul 1965 -  1 Aug 1965  Donald M. Wilson (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
 1 Aug 1965 -  2 Sep 1965 
Abbott M. Washburn (4th time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)

 2 Sep 1965 -  6 Dec 1968  Leonard Harold Marks               (b. 1916 - d. 2006)

 7 Dec 1968 - 14 Feb 1969  Henry Loomis (acting)              (b. 1919 - d. 2008)
14 Feb 1969 -  7 Feb 1973  Frank Joseph Shakespeare, Jr.      (b. 1925 - d. 2022)

 8 Feb 1973 - 30 Nov 1976  James Keogh                        (b. 1916 - d. 2006)
 1 Dec 1976 - 23 Mar 1977  Eugene P. Kopp (1st time)(acting)  (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
23 Mar 1977 - 29 Aug 1980  John Edward Reinhardt              (b. 1920 - d. 2016)

 1 Sep 1980 -  9 Jun 1981  John William Shirley (acting)      (b. 1931)
 9 Jun 1981 - 20 Jan 1989  Charles Z. Wick                    (b. 1917 - d. 2008)

20 Jan 1989 - 14 Apr 1989  Marvin L. Stone (acting)           (b. 1924 - d. 2000)
14 Apr 1989 - 20 Mar 1991  Bruce Stuart Gelb                  (b. 1927)

21 Mar 1991 -  7 Jun 1991  Eugene P. Kopp (2nd time)(acting)  (s.a.)
 7 Jun 1991 - 19 Jan 1993  Henry Edward Catto, Jr.            (b. 1930 - d. 2011)

20 Jan 1993 - 25 May 1993  John Condayan (acting)             (b. 1933 - d. 2017)
25 May 1993 - 30 Jun 1999  Joseph Daniel Duffey               (b. 1932 - d. 2021)

 1 Jul 1999 -  1 Oct 1999  Penn Kemble (acting)               (b. 1941 - d. 2005)



Defense Department

[Flag of the
                        Secretary of Defense (U.S.)]
Flag of Secretary Adopted 7 Oct 1947

Department of Defense

18 Sep 1947                Department of Defense (originally designated National Military
                             Establishment), including the Departments of the Army, Navy,
                             and Air Force.

Secretaries of Defense
17 Sep 1947 - 28 Mar 1949  James V. Forrestal                 (b. 1892 - d. 1949)
28 Mar 1949 - 20 Sep 1950  Louis A. Johnson                   (b. 1891 - d. 1956)
21 Sep 1950 - 12 Sep 1951  George C. Marshall                 (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
12 Sep 1951 - 20 Jan 1953  Robert A. Lovett                   (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
                             (acting to 16 Sep 1951)
20 Jan 1953 - 28 Jan 1953  Wilfred J. McNeil
(acting)         (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
28 Jan 1953 -  8 Oct 1957  Charles E. Wilson                  (b. 1890 - d. 1961)
 9 Oct 1957 -  1 Dec 1959  Neil H. McElroy                    (b. 1904 - d. 1972)
 
2 Dec 1959 - 20 Jan 1961  Thomas S. Gates, Jr.               (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
21 Jan 1961 - 29 Feb 1968  Robert S. McNamara                 (b. 1916 - d. 2009)
 1 Mar 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  Clark M. Clifford                  (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
20 Jan 1969 - 22 Jan 1969  Stanley R. Resor (acting)          (b. 1917 - d. 2012)
22 Jan 1969 - 29 Jan 1973  Melvin R. Laird                    (b. 1922 - d. 2016)

30 Jan 1973 - 24 May 1973  Elliot L. Richardson               (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
24 May 1973 -  2 Jul 1973  William P. Clements, Jr. (acting)  (b. 1917 - d. 2011)
 
2 Jul 1973 - 19 Nov 1975  James R. Schlesinger               (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
20 Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  Donald H. Rumsfeld (1st time)      (b. 1932 - d. 2021)
21 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Harold Brown                       (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
21 Jan 1981 - 23 Nov 1987  Caspar W. Weinberger               (b. 1917 - d. 2006)
23 Nov 1987 - 20 Jan 1989  Frank C. Carlucci III              (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
20 Jan 1989 - 21 Mar 1989  William H. Taft IV (acting)        (b. 1945)
21 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Richard B. Cheney                  (b. 1941)
21 Jan 1993 -  3 Feb 1994  Leslie "Les" Aspin                 (b. 1938 - d. 1995)
 3 Feb 1994 - 23 Jan 1997  William J. Perry                   (b. 1927)
24 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  William S. Cohen                   (b. 1940)
20 Jan 2001 - 18 Dec 2006  Donald H. Rumsfeld (2nd time)      (s.a.)
18 Dec 2006 - 30 Jun 2011  Robert M. Gates                    (b. 1943)
 1 Jul 2011 - 26 Feb 2013  Leon E. Panetta                    (b. 1938)
27 Feb 2013 - 17 Feb 2015  Charles "Chuck" T. Hagel           (b. 1946)
17 Feb 2015 - 19 Jan 2017  Ashton "Ash" B. Carter             (b. 1954 - d. 2022)
19 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2017  Robert O. Work (acting)            (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018  James "Jim" N. Mattis              (b. 1950)
 1 Jan 2019 -
24 Jun 2019  Patrick M. Shanahan (acting)       (b. 1962)
24 Jun 2019 - 15 Jul 2019  Mark T. Esper (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1964)
15 Jul 2019 -
23 Jul 2019  Richard V. Spencer (acting)        (b. 1954)
23 Jul 2019 -  9 Nov 2020  Mark T. Esper (2nd time)           (s.a.) 
 9 Nov 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Christopher C. Miller (acting)     (b. 1965)
20 Jan 2021 -
22 Jan 2021  David L. Norquist (acting)         (b. 1966)
22 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Lloyd J. Austin III                (b. 1953)
 1 Jan 2024 -  5 Jan 2024  Kathleen H. Hicks (f)(1st time)    (b. 1970)
                             (acting for Austin)
11 Feb 2024 - 13 Feb 2024  Kathleen H. Hicks (f)(2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting for Austin)
20 Jan 2025 - 25 Jan 2025  Robert G. Salesses (acting)        (b. 1957)
25 Jan 2025 -              Peter "Pete" B. Hegseth            (b. 1980)

Joint Chiefs

[flag of Chairman of the
                        Joint Chiefs of Staff, Defense Department
                        (U.S.)]
Flag of Chairman Adopted 1949

Joint Chiefs of Staff

16 Aug 1949                Office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff created.

Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief
20 Jul 1942 - 21 Mar 1949  William Daniel Leahy (Navy)        (b. 1875 - d. 1955)
Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
16 Aug 1949 - 15 Aug 1953  Omar Nelson Bradley (Army)         (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
15 Aug 1953 - 15 Aug 1957  Arthur William Radford (Navy)      (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
15 Aug 1957 - 30 Sep 1960  Nathan Farragut Twining (Air Force)(b. 1897 - d. 1982)
 1 Oct 1960 - 30 Sep 1962  Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (Army)       (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
 1 Oct 1962 -  1 Jul 1964  Maxwell Davenport Taylor (Army)    (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
 3 Jul 1964 -  2 Jul 1970  Earle Gilmore Wheeler (Army)       (d. 1908 - d. 1975)
 2 Jul 1970 -  1 Jul 1974  Thomas Hinman Moorer (Navy)        (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
 1 Jul 1974 - 20 Jun 1978  George Schratchley Brown           (b. 1918 - d. 1978)
                             (Air Force)
21 Jun 1978 - 18 Jun 1982  David Charles Jones (Air Force)    (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
18 Jun 1983 - 30 Sep 1985  John William Vessey, Jr. (Army)    (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
 1 Oct 1985 - 30 Sep 1989  William James Crowe, Jr. (Navy)    (b. 1925 - d. 2007)
 1 Oct 1989 - 30 Sep 1993  Colin Luther Powell (Army)         (b. 1937 - d. 2021)
 1 Oct 1993 - 24 Oct 1993  David E. Jeremiah (Navy) (acting)  (b. 1934 - d. 2013)
25 Oct 1993 - 30 Sep 1997  John M. Shalikashvili (Army)       (b. 1936 - d. 2011)
 1 Oct 1997 - 30 Sep 2001  Henry H. Shelton (Army)            (b. 1942)
 1 Oct 2001 - 30 Sep 2005  Richard "Dick" B. Myers (Air Force)(b. 1942)   
 1 Oct 2005 - 30 Sep 2007  Peter Pace (Marine Corps)          (b. 1945)

 1 Oct 2007 - 30 Sep 2011  Michael "Mike" Mullen (Navy)       (b. 1946)
 
1 Oct 2011 - 30 Sep 2015  Martin "Marty" E. Dempsey (Army)   (b. 1952)
 
1 Oct 2015 - 30 Sep 2019  Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.             (b. 1955)
                             (Marine Corps)
 1 Oct 2019 - 30 Sep 2023 
Mark A. Milley (Army)              (b. 1958)
 1 Oct 2023 - 21 Feb 2025  Charles Q. Brown, Jr. (Air Force)  (b. 1962)
21 Feb 2025 -
12 Apr 2025  Christopher W. Grady (Navy)(acting)(b. 1962)
12 Apr 2025 -              John Daniel "Dan" Caine            (b. 1968)


Department of the Army

[Secretary of War Department 1903-1947;
                      Secretary of Army flag 1947-1956 (U.S.)] 1903 - 12 Jun 1956 [U.S. Army outdoor flag] Adopted 12 Jun 1956

U.S.  Army

12 Jun 1776                Board of War and Ordnance of the Continental Congress.
17 Oct 1777                Board of War of the Continental Congress.
 7 Feb 1781                War Office
 7 Aug 1789                War Department established.
18 Sep 1947                War Department becomes the Department of the Army, a
                             branch of the Department of Defense.

President of the Board of War and Ordnance of the Continental Congress
13 Jun 1776 - 17 Oct 1777  John Adams                         (b. 1735 - d. 1826)
Presidents of the Board of War of the Continental Congress
17 Oct 1777 - 27 Nov 1777  John Adams                         (s.a.)
27 Nov 1777 - 30 Oct 1781  Horatio Gates                      (b. 1727 - d. 1806)
Secretaries at War
30 Oct 1781 - 29 Oct 1783  Benjamin Lincoln                   (b. 1733 - d. 1810)
 4 Nov 1783 -  8 Mar 1785  Joseph Carleton (acting)           (b. 1754 - d. 1812)
 8 Mar 1785 - 12 Sep 1789  Henry Knox                         (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
Secretaries of War
12 Sep 1789 - 31 Dec 1794  Henry Knox                         (s.a.)
 2 Jan 1795 - 27 Jan 1796  Timothy Pickering                  (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
27 Jan 1796 -  1 Jun 1800  James McHenry                      (b. 1753 - d. 1816)
 1 Jun
1800 - 12 Jun 1800  Benjamin Stoddert (acting)         (b. 1751 - d. 1813)
12 Jun 1800 - 31 Jan 1801  Samuel Dexter                      (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
 3 Feb 1801 -  4 Mar 1801  Roger Griswold (acting)            (b. 1762 - d. 1812)
 5 Mar 1801 - 16 Feb 1809  Henry Dearborn                     (b. 1751 - d. 1829)
17 Feb 1809 -  7 Mar 1809  John A. Smith (acting)             (b. 1773? - d. 1811)
 7 Mar 1809 - 31 Dec 1812  William Eustis                     (b. 1753 - d. 1825)
 
1 Jan 1813 -  5 Feb 1813  James Monroe (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1758 - d. 1831)
 5 Feb 1813 - 27 Sep 1814  John Armstrong, Jr.                (b. 1758 - d. 1843)
27 Sep 1814 -  2 Mar 1815  James Monroe (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                            
(acting to 1 Oct 1814)
 2 Mar 1815 -  1 Aug 1815  Alexander J. Dallas (acting)       (b. 1759 - d. 1817)

 1 Aug 1815 - 22 Oct 1816  William Harris Crawford            (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
22 Oct 1816 -  8 Oct 1817  George Graham (acting)             (b. 1772 - d. 1830)
 
8 Oct 1817 -  7 Mar 1825  John Caldwell Calhoun              (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
 7 Mar 1825 - 24 May 1828  James Barbour                      (b. 1775 - d. 1842)
26 May 1828 - 20 Jun 1828  Samuel L. S
outhard (acting)        (b. 1787 - d. 1842)
21 Jun 1828 -  9 Mar 1829  Peter B. Porter                    (b. 1773 - d. 1844)
 9 Mar 1829 - 18
Jun 1831  John Henry Eaton                   (b. 1790 - d. 1856)
18 Jun 1831 - 21 Jul 1831  Philip G. Randolph (acting)        (b. 1801 - d. 1836)
21 Jul 1831 -  8 Aug 1831  Roger B. Taney (acting)            (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
 8 Aug 1831 -  5 Oct 1836  Lewis Cass                         (b. 1782 - d. 1866)
 
5 Oct 1836 - 26 Oct 1836  Carey A. Harris (acting)           (b. 1806 - d. 1842)
25 Oct 1836 -  7 Mar 1837  Benjamin F. Butler (acting)        (b. 1795 - d. 1858)
 
7 Mar 1837 -  5 Mar 1841  Joel Roberts Poinsett              (b. 1779 - d. 1851)
 
5 Mar 1841 - 13 Sep 1841  John Bell                          (b. 1797 - d. 1869)
13 Sep 1841 - 12 Oct 1841  Albert Miller Lea (acting)         (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
12 Oct 1841 -  3 Mar 1843  John Cranfield Spencer             (b. 1788 - d. 1858)
 8 Mar 1843 - 14 Feb 1844  James Madison Porter               (b. 1793 - d. 1862)
15 Feb 1844 -  4 Mar 1845  William Wilkins                    (b. 1779 - d. 1865)
 
6 Mar 1845 -  8 Mar 1849  William Learned Marcy              (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
 
8 Mar 1849 - 14 Mar 1849  Reverdy Johnson (acting)           (b. 1796 - d. 1876)
14 Mar 1849 - 23 Jul 1850  George Walker Crawford             (b. 1798 - d. 1872)
23 Jul 1850 - 24 Jul 1850  Samuel J. Anderson (acting)        (d. 1874) 
24 Jul 1850 - 15 Aug 1850  Winfield Scott (acting)            (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
15 Aug 1850 -  7 Mar 1853  Charles Magill Conrad              (b. 1804 - d. 1878)
 7 Mar 1853 -  3 Mar 1857  Jefferson Davis                    (b. 1808 - d. 1889)
 3
Mar 1857 -  6 Mar 1857  Samuel Cooper (acting)             (b. 1798 - d. 1876)
 6 Mar 1857 -
29 Dec 1860  John Buchanan Floyd                (b. 1806 - d. 1863)
29 Dec 1860
-  4 Mar 1861  Joseph Holt                        (b. 1807 - d. 1849)
                             (acting to 18 Jan 1861)
 5 Mar 1861 - 15 Jan 1862  Simon Cameron                      (b. 1799 - d. 1889)
15 Jan 1862 - 20 Jan 1862  Thomas Alexander Scott (acting)    (b. 1823 - d. 1881)
20 Jan 1862 - 28 May 1868  Edwin McMasters Stanton            (b. 1814 - d. 1869)
                             (suspended by President Johnson 12 Aug 1867 - 13 Jan 1868)
12 Aug 1867 - 13 Jan 1868  Ulysses S. Grant (acting)          (b. 1822 - d. 1885)

 1 Jun 1868 - 13 Mar 1869  John McAllister Schofield          (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
13 Mar 1869 -  6 Sep 1869  John A. Rawlins                    (b. 1831 - d. 1869)
 
6 Sep 1869 - 25 Oct 1869  William Tecumseh Sherman (acting)  (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
25 Oct
1869 -  2 Mar 1876  William Worth Belknap              (b. 1829 - d. 1890)
 2 Mar 1876 -  8 Mar 1876  George Maxwell Robeson (acting)    (b. 1829 - d. 1897)
 8 Mar 1876 - 22 May 1876  Alphonso Taft                      (b. 1810 - d. 1891)
22 May
1876 - 12 Mar 1877  James Donald Cameron               (b. 1833 - d. 1918)
12 Mar 1877 - 10 Dec 1879  George Washington McCrary          (b. 1835 - d. 1890)
10 Dec 1879 -  5 Mar 1881  Alexander Ramsey                   (b. 1815 - d. 1903)
 
5 Mar 1881 -  5 Mar 1885  Robert Todd Lincoln                (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
 
5 Mar 1885 -  5 Mar 1889  William C. Endicott                (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
 
5 Mar 1889 -  5 Nov 1891  Redfield Proctor                   (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
 
5 Nov 1891 - 17 Dec 1891  Lewis A. Grant (acting)            (b. 1828 - d. 1918)
17 Dec 1891 -  5 Mar 1893  Stephen B. Elkins                  (b. 1841 - d. 1911)
 
5 Mar 1893 -  5 Mar 1897  Daniel Scott Lamont                (b. 1851 - d. 1905)
 
5 Mar 1897 -  1 Aug 1899  Russel Alexander Alger             (b. 1836 - d. 1907)
 1 Aug 1899 - 31 Jan 1904  Elihu Root                         (b. 1854 - d. 1937)
 1 Feb 1904 - 30 Jun 1908  William Howard Taft                (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
 1 Jul 1908 - 11 Mar 1909  Luke Edward Wright                 (b. 1846 - d. 1922)
12
Mar 1909 - 21 May 1911  Jacob McGavock Dickinson           (b. 1851 - d. 1928)
22 May 1911 -  4 Mar 1913  Henry Lewis Stimson (1st time)     (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
 5 Mar 1913 - 10 Feb 1916  Lindley Miller Garrison            (b. 1864 - d. 1932)
10 Feb 1916 -  9 Mar 1916  Hugh L. Scott (acting)             (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
 9 Mar 1916 -  4 Mar 1921  Newton Diehl Baker                 (b. 1871 - d. 1937)
 5 Mar 1921 - 13 Oct 1925  John Wingate Weeks                 (b. 1860 - d. 1926)
14 Oct 1925 -  5 Mar 1929  Dwight Filley Davis                (b. 1879 - d. 1945)
 6 Mar 1929 - 18 Nov 1929  James William Good                 (b. 1866 - d. 1929)
18 Nov
1929 -  3 Mar 1933  Patrick Jay Hurley                 (b. 1883 - d. 1963)
                             (acting to 9 Dec 1929)
 4 Mar 1933 - 27 Aug 1936  George Henry Dern                  (b. 1862 - d. 1936)
27 Aug 1936 - 20 Jun 1940  Harry H. Woodring                  (b. 1890 - d. 1967)
                             (acting to 25 Sep 1936)
20 Jun 1940 - 10 Jul 1940  Louis A. Johnson (acting)          (b. 1891 - d. 1936)
10 Jul 1940 - 21 Sep 1945  Henry Lewis Stimson (2nd time)     (s.a.)

21 Sep 1945 - 18 Jul 1947  Robert Porter Patterson            (b. 1891 - d. 1952)
                            
(acting to 27 Sep 1945)
19 Jul 1947 - 17 Sep 1947  Kenneth Claiborne Royall           (b. 1894 - d. 1971)
Secretaries of the Army
18 Sep 1947 - 27 Apr 1949  Kenneth Claiborne Royall           (s.a.)
28 Apr 1949 - 12 Apr 1950  Gordon Gray                        (b. 1909 - d. 1982)
                             (acting to 19 Jun 1949)
12 Apr 1950 - 20 Jan 1953  Frank Pace, Jr.                    (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
20 Jan 1953 -  4 Feb 1953  Earl D. Johnson (acting)           (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
 4 Feb 1953 - 21 Jul 1955  Robert TenBroek Stevens            (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
21 Jul 1955 - 20 Jan 1961  Wilber Marion Brucker              (b. 1894 - d. 1968)
20 Jan 1961 - 23 Jan 1961  .... (acting)
23 Jan 1961 - 30 Jun 1962  Elvis Jacob Stahr, Jr.             (b. 1916 - d. 1998)
30 Jun 1962 -  5 Jul 1962  Stephen Ailes (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1912 - d. 2001)
 5 Jul 1962 - 21 Jan 1964  Cyrus Roberts Vance                (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
28 Jan 1964 -  1 Jul 1965  Stephen Ailes (2nd time)           (s.a.)
 2 Jul 1965 - 30 Jun 1971  Stanley R. Resor                   (b. 1917 - d. 2012)
 1 Jul 1971 - 14 May 1973  Robert F. Froehlke                 (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
15 May 1973 -  3 Jul 1975  Howard "Bo" H. Callaway            (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
 3 Jul 1975 -  5 Aug 1975  Norman R. Augustine (acting)       (b. 1935)
 5 Aug 1975 - 13 Feb 1977  Martin R. Hoffmann                 (b. 1932 - d. 2014)

14 Feb 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Clifford L. Alexander, Jr.         (b. 1933 - d. 2022)
21 Jan 1981 - 29 Jan 1981  Percy A. Pierre (acting)           (b. 1939)
29 Jan 1981 - 14 Aug 1989  John O. Marsh, Jr.                 (b. 1926 - d. 2019)
14 Aug 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Michael P.W. Stone                 (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
20 Jan 1993 - 26 Aug 1993  John W. Shannon, Sr. (acting)      (b. 1933 - d. 2017)
27 Aug 1993 - 21 Nov 1993  Gordon R. Sullivan (acting)        (b. 1937 - d. 2024)

22 Nov 1993 -  2 Jan 1998  Togo D. West, Jr.                  (b. 1942 - d. 2018)
 2 Jan 1998 -  2 Jul 1998  Robert M. Walker (acting)          (b. 1949)
 2 Jul 1998 - 20 Jan 2001  Louis Caldera                      (b. 1956)
20 Jan 2001 -  4 Mar 2001  Gregory R. Dahlberg (acting)       (b. 1951)
 5 Mar 2001 - 31 May 2001  Joseph W. Westphal (acting)        (b. 1948)
31 May 2001 -  9 May 2003  Thomas E. White                    (b. 1943)
 9 May 2003 - 19 Nov 2004  Romer Leslie "Les" Brownlee        (b. 1939 - d. 2022)
                             (acting)
19 Nov 2004 -  9 Mar 2007  Francis J. Harvey                  (b. 1944)
 9 Mar 2007 - 21 Sep 2009  Preston "Pete" M. Geren            (b. 1952)
                             (acting to 13 Jul 2007)
21 Sep 2009 - 31 Oct 2015  John M. McHugh                     (b. 1948)
 3 Nov 2015 - 11 Jan 2016  Eric K. Fanning (1st time)(acting) (b. 1968)
11 Jan 2016 - 18 May 2016  Patrick J. Murphy (acting)         (b. 1973)
18 May 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 
Eric K. Fanning (2nd time)         (s.a.)
20 Jan 2017 -  2 Aug 2017  Robert M. Speer (acting)           (b. 1956)
 2 Aug 2017 - 20 Nov 2017  Ryan D. McCarthy (1st time)(acting)(b. 1973?) 
20 Nov 2017 -
23 Jul 2019  Mark T. Esper                      (b. 1964)
24 Jun 2019 - 15 Jul 2019  Ryan D. McCarthy (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting for Esper)

23 Jul 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Ryan D. McCarthy (3rd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting to 30 Sep 2019)
20 Jan 2021 -
27 May 2021  John E. Whitley (acting)           (b. 1970)
27 May 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Christine E. Wormuth (f)           (b. 1969)
20 Jan 2025 - 25 Feb 2025  Mark F. Averill (acting)
25 Feb 2025 -              Daniel "Dan" P. Driscoll           (b. 1986)

Army
 

[flag of Chief of Staff
                        of the Army (U.S.)]
Army Chief of Staff Flag

19 Jun 1775                Post of Commanding General is created by the 
                             Continental Congress.
 9 Aug 1903                Post replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the Army.

General and Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United Colonies
(from 9 Sep 1776, of the United States of America)

15 Jun 1775 - 23 Dec 1783  George Washington                  (b. 1732 - d. 1799)
Senior Officers
23 Dec 1783 - 20 Jun 1784  Henry Knox                         (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
20 Jun 1784 - 12 Aug 1784  John Doughty                       (b. 1754 - d. 1826) 
12 Aug 1784 -  4 Mar 1791  Josiah Harmar                      (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
 4 Mar 1791 -  5 Mar 1792  Arthur St. Clair                   (b. 1763 - d. 1818)
13 Apr 1792 - 15 Dec 1796  Anthony Wayne                      (b. 1745 - d. 1786)
15 Dec 1796 - 13 Jul 1798  James Wilkinson (1st time)         (b. 1757 - d. 1825)
13 Jul 1798 - 14 Dec 1799  George Washington                  (s.a.)
14 Dec 1799 - 15 Jun 1800  Alexander Hamilton                 (b. 1757 - d. 1804)
15 Jun 1800 - 27 Jan 1812  James Wilkinson (2nd time)         (s.a.)
27 Jan 1812 - 15 Jun 1815  Henry Dearborn                     (b. 1751 - d. 1829)
15 Jun 1815 -  1 Jun 1821  Jacob Jennings Brown               (b. 1775 - d. 1828)
Commanding Generals of the Army
 1 Jun 1821 - 24 Feb 1828  Jacob Jennings Brown               (s.a.) 
29 May 1828 - 25 Jun 1841  Alexander Macomb                   (b. 1782 - d. 1841)
 5 Jul 1841 -  1 Nov 1861  Winfield Scott                     (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
 1 Nov 1861 - 11 Mar 1862  George Brinton McClellan           (b. 1826 - d. 1885)
23 Jul 1862 -  9 Mar 1864  Henry Wagner Halleck               (b. 1815 - d. 1872)
 9 Mar 1864 -  4 Mar 1869  Ulysses S. Grant                   (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
 8 Mar 1869 -  1 Nov 1883  William Tecumseh Sherman           (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
 1 Nov 1883 -  5 Aug 1888  Philip Henry Sheridan              (b. 1831 - d. 1888)
14 Aug 1888 - 29 Sep 1895  John McAllister Schofield          (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
 5 Oct 1895 -  8 Aug 1903  Nelson Appleton Miles              (b. 1839 - d. 1925)
 8 Aug 1903 - 15 Aug 1903  Samuel Baldwin Marks Young         (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
Chiefs of Staff of the Army

15 Aug 1903 -  8 Jan 1904  Samuel Baldwin Marks Young         (s.a.)
 9 Jan 1904 - 14 Jan 1906  Adna Romanza Chaffee               (b. 1842 - d. 1914)
15 Jan 1906 - 13 Apr 1906  John Coalter Bates                 (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
14 Apr 1906 - 21 Apr 1910  James Franklin Bell                (b. 1856 - d. 1919)
22 Apr 1910 - 20 Apr 1914  Leonard Wood                       (b. 1860 - d. 1927)
21 Apr 1914 - 15 Nov 1914  William Wallace Wotherspoon        (b. 1850 - d. 1921)
16 Nov 1914 - 21 Sep 1917  Hugh Lenox Scott                   (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
22 Sep 1917 - 18 May 1918  Tasker Howard Bliss                (b. 1853 - d. 1930)
19 May 1918 - 30 Jun 1921  Peyton Conway March                (b. 1864 - d. 1955)
 1 Jul 1921 - 13 Sep 1924  John Joseph Pershing               (b. 1860 - d. 1948)
14 Sep 1924 - 20 Nov 1926  John Leonard Hines                 (b. 1868 - d. 1968)
21 Nov 1926 - 20 Nov 1930  Charles Pelot Summerall            (b. 1867 - d. 1955)
21 Nov 1930 -  1 Oct 1935  Douglas MacArthur                  (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
 2 Oct 1935 - 31 Aug 1939  Malin Craig                        (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
 1 Sep 1939 - 18 Nov 1945  George Catlett Marshall            (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
19 Nov 1945 -  7 Feb 1948  Dwight David Eisenhower            (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
 7 Feb 1948 - 16 Aug 1949  Omar Nelson Bradley                (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
16 Aug 1949 - 15 Aug 1953  Joseph Lawton Collins              (b. 1896 - d. 1987)
16 Aug 1953 - 30 Jun 1955  Matthew Bunker Ridgway             (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
30 Jun 1955 - 30 Jun 1959  Maxwell Davenport Taylor           (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
 1 Jul 1959 - 30 Sep 1960  Lyman Louis Lemnitzer              (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
 1 Oct 1960 - 30 Sep 1962  George Henry Decker                (b. 1902 - d. 1980)
 1 Oct 1962 -  2 Jul 1964  Earle Gilmore Wheeler              (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
 3 Jul 1964 -  2 Jul 1968  Harold Keith Johnson               (b. 1912 - d. 1983)
 3 Jul 1968 - 30 Jun 1972  William Childs Westmoreland        (b. 1914 - d. 2005)
 1 Jul 1972 - 11 Oct 1972  Bruce Palmer, Jr. (acting)         (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
12 Oct 1972 -  4 Sep 1974  Creighton William Abrams, Jr.      (b. 1914 - d. 1974)
 4 Sep 1974 - 30 Sep 1976  Frederick Carlton Weyand           (b. 1916 - d. 2010)
                             (acting to 3 Oct 1974)
 1 Oct 1976 - 21 Jun 1979  Bernard William Rogers             (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
22 Jun 1979 - 21 Jun 1983  Edward Charles "Shy" Meyer         (b. 1928 - d. 2020)
23 Jun 1983 - 23 Jun 1987  John Adams Wickham, Jr.            (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
23 Jun 1987 - 21 Jun 1991  Carl Edward Vuono                  (b. 1934)
21 Jun 1991 - 20 Jun 1995  Gordon Russell Sullivan            (b. 1937 - d. 2024)
20 Jun 1995 - 22 Jun 1999  Dennis Joe Reimer                  (b. 1939)
22 Jun 1999 - 11 Jun 2003  Eric Ken Shinseki                  (b. 1942)
11 Jun 2003 -  1 Aug 2003  John M. Keane (acting)             (b. 1943)
 1 Aug 2003 - 10 Apr 2007  Peter J. Schoomaker                (b. 1946)
10 Apr 2007 - 11 Apr 2011  George William Casey, Jr.          (b. 1948)
11 Apr 2011 -  7 Sep 2011  Martin E. Dempsey                  (b. 1952)
 7 Sep 2011 - 14 Aug 2015  Raymond T. Odierno                 (b. 1954 - d. 2021)
14 Aug 2015 - 
9 Aug 2019  Mark A. Milley                     (b. 1958)
 9 Aug 2019 -  4 Aug 2023  James C. McConville                (b. 1959)
 4 Aug 2023 -              Randy A. George                    (b. 1964)
                             (acting to 21 Sep 2023)

Army Corps of Engineers

[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -
                      Organizational Color]
ACE Organizational Color
[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Vessel Flag]
Adopted 6 Apr 1897 Vessel Flag

U.S.  Army Corps of Engineers

16 Jun 1775                Post of Chief Engineer of the Continental Army created.
11 Mar 1779                Continental Army Corps of Engineers formed.
26 Feb 1783                Disbanded.
 9 May 1794                Corps of Artillerists and Engineers in the U.S. Army.
16 Mar 1802                Army Corps of Engineers re-established.
 1 Aug 1818                Separate Topographical Bureau of the War Department.
 7 Jul 1838                Separate Corps of Topographical Engineers.
 3 Mar 1863                Both fully integrated into the Corps of Engineers.

Chief Engineers, Continental Army (from 11 Mar 1779, Continental Army Corps of Engineers)
17 Jun 1775 -  5 Aug 1776  Richard Gridley                    (b. 1710 - d. 1796)
 5 Aug 1776 -  1 Dec 1776  Rufus Putnam                       (b. 1738 - d. 1824)
22 Jul 1777 - 10 Oct 1783  Louis Lebègue Duportail            (b. 1743 - d. 1802)
10 Oct 1783 - 26 Feb 1795  Post abolished
Commander, Corps of Artillerists and Engineers
26 Feb 1795 -  7 May 1798  Stephen Rochefontaine              (b. 1755 - d. 1814) 
Commander, First Regiment Corps of Artillerists and Engineers
 7 May 1798 -  1 Apr 1802  Henry Burbeck                      (b. 1754 - d. 1848)
Chief Engineers
 1 Apr 1802 - 31 Jul 1812  Jonathan Williams                  (b. 1750 - d. 1815)
                             (principal engineer to 19 Apr 1805)
31 Jul 1812 - 12 Nov 1818  Joseph Gardner Swift               (b. 1783 - d. 1865)
12 Nov 1818 -  1 Jun 1821  Walker Keith Armistead             (b. 1785 - d. 1845)
 1 Jun 1821 - 24 May 1828  Alexander Macomb                   (b. 1782 - d. 1841)
24 May 1828 -  6 Dec 1838  Charles Gratiot                    (b. 1786 - d. 1855)
 7 Dec 1838 - 22 Apr 1864  Joseph Gilbert Totten              (b. 1788 - d. 1864)
Chiefs, Topographical Bureau
 1 Aug 1818 - 15 Jan 1829  Issac Roberdeau                    (b. 1763 - d. 1829)
31 Jan 1829 - 11 Apr 1861  John James Abert                   (b. 1788 - d. 1863)
11 Apr 1861 -  9 Sep 1861  Hartman Bache                      (b. 1798 - d. 1872) 
 9 Sep 1861 -  5 Dec 1862  Stephen H. Long                    (b. 1784 - d. 1864)
 5 Dec 1862 -  3 Mar 1863  Israel C. Woodruff                 (b. 1815 - d. 1878)
Chiefs, Corps of Topographical Engineers
 7 Jul 1838 -  9 Sep 1861  John James Abert                   (s.a.)
11 Apr 1861 - 11 Dec 1861  Hartman Bache                      (s.a.) 
12 Dec 1861 -  3 Mar 1863  Stephen H. Long                    (s.a.)
Chief Engineer
22 Apr 1864 -  8 Aug 1866  Richard Delafield                  (b. 1798 - d. 1873)
United States Army Chief of Engineers and Commanding Generals of the United States
Army Corps of Engineers
 8 Aug 1866 - 30 Jun 1879  Andrew Atkinson Humphreys          (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
30 Jun 1879 -  6 Mar 1884  Horatio Gouverneur Wright          (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
 6 Mar 1884 - 27 Aug 1886  John Newton                        (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
28 Aug 1886 - 10 Oct 1886  John Moulder Wilson (1st time)     (b. 1837 - d. 1919)
                             (acting)
11 Oct 1886 - 30 Jun 1888  James Catham Duane                 (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
 6 Jul 1888 - 10 May 1895  Thomas Lincoln Casey               (b. 1831 - d. 1896)
10 May 1895 -  1 Feb 1897  William Price Craighill            (b. 1833 - d. 1909)
 1 Feb 1897 - 30 Apr 1901  John Moulder Wilson (2nd time)     (s.a.)
30 Apr 1901 -  2 May 1901  Henry Martyn Robert                (b. 1837 - d. 1923)
 2 May 1901 -  3 May 1901  John Whitney Barlow                (b. 1838 - d. 1914)
 3 May 1901 - 22 Jan 1904  George Lewis Gillespie, Jr.        (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
23 Jan 1904 - 25 May 1908  Alexander Mackenzie                (b. 1844 - d. 1921)
26 May 1908 -  1 Jul 1908  .... (acting)
 2 Jul 1908 - 11 Jun 1910  William Louis Marshall             (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
12 Jun 1910 - 11 Aug 1913  William Herbert Bixby              (b. 1849 - d. 1928)
12 Aug 1913 - 11 Oct 1913  William Trent Rossell              (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
12 Oct 1913 -  6 Mar 1916  Dan Christie Kingman               (b. 1852 - d. 1916)
 7 Mar 1916 - 31 Oct 1919  William Murray Black               (b. 1855 - d. 1933)
31 Oct 1919 -  9 Jan 1920  Frederic Vaughan Abbot (acting)    (b. 1858 - d. 1928)
 
9 Jan 1920 - 18 Jun 1924  Lansing Hoskins Beach              (b. 1860 - d. 1945)
19 Jun 1924 - 26 Jun 1926  Harry Taylor                       (b. 1862 - d. 1930)
27 Jun 1926 -  6 Aug 1929  Edgar Jadwin                       (b. 1865 - d. 1931)
 7 Aug 1929 -  1 Oct 1929
  Herbert Deakyne (acting)           (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
 1 Oct 1929 -  1 Oct 1933  Lytle Brown                        (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
 1 Oct 1933 - 17 Oct 1937  Edward Murphy Markham              (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
18 Oct 1937 - 30 Sep 1941  Julian Larcombe Schley             (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
 1 Oct 1941 - 30 Sep 1945  Eugene Reybold                     (b. 1884 - d. 1961)
 
1 Oct 1945 - 28 Feb 1949  Raymond A. Wheeler                 (b. 1885 - d. 1974)
 1 Mar 1949 - 25 Jan 1953  Lewis A. Pick                      (b. 1890 - d. 1956)
17 Mar 1953 - 30 Sep 1956  Samuel D. Sturgis, Jr.             (b. 1897 - d. 1964)
 1 Oct 1956 - 31 Mar 1961  Emerson C. Itschner                (b. 1903 - d. 1995)
 
1 Apr 1961 - 18 May 1961  Keith R. Barney (acting)           (b. 1904 - d. 1977)
19 May 1961 - 30 Jun 1965  Walter K. Wilson, Jr.              (b. 1906 - d. 1985)
 1 Jul 1965 - 31 Jul 1969  William F. Cassidy                 (b. 1908 - d. 2002)
 1 Aug 1969 - 31 Jul 1973  Frederick J. Clarke                (b. 1915 - d. 2002)
 1 Aug 1973 - 30 Jun 1976  William C. Gribble, Jr.            (b. 1917 - d. 1979)
 1 Jul 1976 - 30 Sep 1980  John W. Morris                     (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
 1 Oct 1980 - 14 Sep 1984  Joseph K. Bratton                  (b. 1926 - d. 2007)
14 Sep 1984 -  5 May 1988  Elvin R. Heiberg III               (b. 1932 - d. 2013)
 
6 May 1988 - 16 Jun 1988  .... (acting)
17 Jun 1988 -  4 Jun 1992  Henry J. Hatch                     (b. 1935)
 
5 Jun 1992 - 23 Aug 1992  C. Ernest Edgar III (acting)       (b. 1936)
24 Aug 1992 - 30 Jun 1996  Arthur E. Williams                 (b. 1938)
 
1 Jul 1996 - 17 Sep 1996  .... (acting)
18 Sep 1996 - 31 Aug 2000  Joe N. Ballard                     (b. 1942)
 
1 Sep 2000 - 22 Oct 2000  .... (acting)
23 Oct 2000 -  1 Jul 2004  Robert B. Flowers                  (b. 1947)
 1 Jul 2004 - 17 May 2007  Carl A. Strock                     (b. 1948)
18 May 2007 - 17 Jun 2011 
Robert L. Van Antwerp, Jr.         (b. 1950)
17 Jun 2011 - 22 May 2012  Merdith W.B. "Bo" Temple (acting)  (b. 1953 - d. 2020)
22 May 2012 - 19 May 2016  Thomas P. Bostick                  (b. 1956)
19 May 2016 - 10 Sep 2020  Todd T. Semonite                   (b. 1957)
10 Sep 2020 - 13 Sep 2024  Scott A. Spellmon                  (b. 1963)
13 Sep 2024 -              William H. Graham, Jr.             (b. c.1967)

Women's Army Corps (WAC)

15 May 1942                Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC).
 1 Jul 1943                Women's Army Corps (WAC).
28 Apr 1978                WAC dis-established, women integrated into regular Army.

Directors
16 May 1942 - 11 Jul 1945  Oveta Culp Hobby (f)               (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
12 Jul 1945 -  4 Mar 1947  Westray Battle Boyce (f)           (b. 1901 - d. 1972)
 5 Mar 1947 -  2 Jan 1953  Mary A. Hallaren (f)               (b. 1907 - d. 2005)
                             (acting to 6 May 1947)
 3 Jan 1953 -  2 Jan 1957  Irene Otillia Galloway (f)         (b. 1908 - d. 1963)
 3 Jan 1957 - 31 Jul 1962  Mary Louise Milligan Rasmuson (f)  (b. 1911 - d. 2012) 
 1 Aug 1962 - 31 Jul 1966  Emily C. Gorman (f)                (b. 1909 - d. 2005)
 1 Aug 1966 - 31 Jul 1971  Elizabeth P. Hoisington (f)        (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
 1 Aug 1971 - 31 Jul 1975  Mildred Inez Caroon Bailey (f)     (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
 1 Aug 1975 - 28 Apr 1978  Mary Elizabeth Clarke (f)          (b. 1924 - d. 2011)


National Guard Bureau

[National Guard Bureau Former flag (U.S.)] NGB Former Flag
[National Guard Bureau
                      flag (U.S.)] NGB Flag [Positional
                      Color, Office of the Chief, National Guard Bureau
                      1998-2008]
Chief's Flag 1998 - 2008
[Positional Color, Office
                      of the Chief, National Guard Bureau] Chief's Flag Adopted 2008

National Guard Bureau

21 Jan 1903                Section of Militia Affairs within the U.S. Army Adjutant
                             General's office (within the War Department).
12 Feb 1908                Division of Militia Affairs in the Office of the Secretary
                             of War.
25 Jul 1910 -  3 Jun 1916  Division of Militia Affairs under the U.S. Army Chief of Staff.
 3 Jun 1916                Renamed M
ilitia Bureau of the War Department (within the
                             War Department).
10 Feb 1920                The War Department granted authority for the National Guard to
                             organize an air unit in each of its infantry divisions.
15 Jun 1933                National Guard Bureau (NGB)(within the War Department).
18 Sep 1947                National Guard Bureau within the Department of Defense. 
 
1 Oct 1948                Reorganized as a joint Bureau of the Department of the Army and 
                             an agency (from 10 Jul 1959, bureau) of the Department of the
                             Air Force (within the Department of Defense). 

Head of the Section of Militia Affairs
21 Jan 1903 - 13 Feb 1908  James Parker                       (b. 1854 - d. 1934)
Chiefs of the Division of Militia Affairs
14 Feb 1908 - 14 Mar 1911  Erasmus Morgan Weaver, Jr.         (b. 1854 - d. 1920)
15 Mar 1911 - 31 Aug 1912  Robert Kennon Evans                (b. 1852 - d. 1926)
 1 Sep 1912 - 18 Sep 1916  Albert Leopold Mills               (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
Chiefs of the Militia Bureau
26 Oct 1916 - 26 Nov 1917  William Abram Mann                 (b. 1854 - d. 1934)
26 Nov 1917 - 15 Aug 1918  Jesse McIlvaine Carter             (b. 1863 - d. 1930)
29 Jun 1921 - 28 Jun 1925  George C. Rickards                 (b. 1860 - d. 1933)
29 Jun 1925 - 28 Jun 1929  Creed Cheshire Hammond             (b. 1874 - d. 1940)
29 Jun 1929 - 30 Sep 1929  Ernest R. Redmond (acting)         (b. 1883 - d. 1966)
 1 Oct 1929 - 30 Nov 1931  William G. Everson                 (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
 1 Dec 1931 - 15 Jun 1933  George E. Leach                    (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
15 Jun 1933 - 30 Nov 1935  George E. Leach                    (s.a.)
 1 Dec 1935 - 16 Jan 1936  Harold J. Weiler (acting)          (b. 1886 - d. 1945)
17 Jan 1936 - 30 Jan 1936  John F. Williams (1st time)(acting)(b. 1887 - d. 1953)
31 Jan 1936 - 30 Jan 1940  Albert Hazen Blanding              (b. 1876 - d. 1970)
31 Jan 1940 - 31 Jan 1946  John F. Williams (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting from 31 Jan 1944)
 1 Feb 1946 - 29 Sep 1947  Butler B. Miltonberger             (b. 1896 - d. 1977)
30 Sep 1947 -  4 Sep 1950  Kenneth F. Cramer                  (b. 1894 - d. 1954)
 5 Sep 1950 - 15 Feb 1953  Raymond H. Fleming                 (b. 1889 - d. 1974)
                             (acting to 13 Aug 1951)
16 Feb 1953 - 21 Jun 1953  Earl T. Ricks (acting)             (b. 1908 - d. 1954)
22 Jun 1953 - 31 May 1959  Edgar C. Erickson                  (b. 1896 - d. 1989)
 1 Jun 1959 - 19 Jul 1959  Winston P. Wilson (1st time)       (b. 1911 - d. 1996)
                             (acting) 
20 Jul 1959 - 30 Aug 1963  Donald Wilson McGowan              (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
31 Aug 1963 - 31 Aug 1971  Winston P. Wilson (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1971 - 23 Jun 1974  Francis S. Greenlief               (b. 1921 - d. 1999)
 1 Jul 1974 - 15 Aug 1982  LaVern E. Weber                    (b. 1923 - d. 1999)
                             (acting to 16 Aug 1974)
16 Aug 1982 - 15 Aug 1986  Emmett H. Walker, Jr.              (b. 1924 - d. 2007)
16 Aug 1986 - 31 Jan 1990  Herbert R. Temple, Jr.             (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
 1 Feb 1990 -  1 Dec 1993  John B. Conaway                    (b. 1934)
 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Jul 1994  Raymond F. Rees (1st time)         (b. 1944)
                             (acting)
 1 Oct 1994 - 31 Jul 1998  Edward D. Baca                     (b. 1938 - d. 2020)
31 Jul 1998 -  3 Aug 2002  Russell C. Davis                   (b. 1938)
                             (acting to 4 Aug 1998)
 4 Aug 2002 - 10 Apr 2003  Raymond F. Rees (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (acting)
11 Apr 2003 - 17 Nov 2008  H. Steven Blum                     (b. 1946)
17 Nov 2008 - 
7 Sep 2012  Craig R. McKinley                  (b. 1952)
 7 Sep 2012 -  3 Aug 2016  Frank J. Grass                     (b. 1951)
 3 Aug 2016 -  3 Aug 2020  Joseph L. Lengyel                  (b. 1959)
 3 Aug 2020 -  3 Aug 2024  Daniel R. Hokanson                 (b. 1963)
 3 Aug 2024 -  2 Oct 2024  Jonathan Stubbs (acting)           (b. 1972)
 2 Oct 2024 -              Steven S. Nordhaus                 (b. 1966)

Department of the Navy

[Flag of Secretary of Navy Department
                      1874-1959 (U.S.)]
4 Jul 1874 - 24 Apr 1959
[U.S. Navy Outdoor flag] Adopted 24 Apr 1959

U.S. Navy

13 Oct 1775                Naval (from 25 Jan 1776, Marine) Committee of the Continental
                             Congress established along with the
Continental Navy.
28 Oct 1779                Continental Board of Admiralty (in operation from 8 Dec 1779).
 
7 Feb 1781                Marine Department
 3 Jun 1785                
Disbanded, duties turned over the Board of Treasury.
 1 Aug 1785                Last
Continental Naval vessel (the frigate Alliance) sold.
 
7 Aug 1789 - 30 Apr 1798  Secretary of War assigned the duties related to naval affairs.
30 Apr 1798                Navy Department established as a cabinet post.
18 Sep 1947                Department of the Navy becomes a branch of the Department of
                             Defense.

Chairmen of the Naval Committee of the Continental Congress
Oct 1775 - Dec 1775        John Adams                         (b. 1735 - d. 1826)
Jan 1776 - 25 Jan 1776     Stephen Hopkins                    (b. 1707 - d. 1785)
Chairmen of the Marine Committee of the Continental Congress
25 Jan 1776 - 1776         Stephen Hopkins                    (s.a.)

1776 - Dec 1777            John Hancock                       (b. 1737 - d. 1793)
Dec 1777 - 1778            Henry Laurens                      (b. 1723 - d. 1792)
1778 - Dec 1778            Richard Henry Lee                  (b. 1732 - d. 1794)
Dec 1778 - Jun 1779        John Adams                         (s.a.)
Jun 1779 -  8 Dec 1779     William Whipple, Jr.               (b. 1730 - d. 1785)
Chairman of the Continental Board of Admiralty

 
8 Dec 1779 - 17 Jul 1781  Francis Lewis                      (b. 1713 - d. 1802)
11 Jan 1781 - 17 Jul 1781  James Reed (acting)
Secretary of Marine

 7 Feb 1781 – 29 Aug 1781  Alexander McDougall                (b. 1731 - d. 1786)

                             (declined Congressional appointment)
17 Jul 1781 -  8 Sep 1781  Robert Morris (acting)             (b. 1734 - d. 1806)
Agent of Marine
 8 Sep 1781 -  1 Nov 1784  Robert Morris         
            (s.a.)
 
1 Nov 1784 -  3 Jun 1785  James Reed (de facto acting)       (b. 1736 - d. 1814)
 3 Jun 1785 -  3 May 1798  Post abolished
Secretaries
of the Navy
 
3 May 1798 - 18 Jun 1798  George Cabot (did not take office) (b. 1752 - d. 1823)
18 Jun 1798 - 31 Mar 1801  Benjamin Stoddert                  (b. 1751 - d. 1813)
31 Mar 1801 - 26 Jul 1801  Henry Dearborn (acting)            (b. 1751 - d. 1829)
27 Jul 1801 -  7 Mar 1809  Robert Smith                       (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
 8 Mar 1809 - 15 May 1809  Charles W. Goldsborough (1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1843)
                             (acting)
15 May 1809 - 31 Dec 1812  Paul Hamilton                      (b. 1762 - d. 1816)
 7 Jan 1813 - 18 Jan 1813  Charles W. Goldsborough (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
19 Jan 1813 -  1 Dec 1814  William Jones                      (b. 1760 - d. 1831)
 2 Dec 1814 – 16 Jan 1815  Benjamin Homans (acting)           (b. 1765 - d. 1823)
16 Jan 1815 - 30 Sep 1818  Benjamin William Crowninshield     (b. 1772 - d. 1851)
 1 Oct 1818 - 31 Dec 1818  John C. Calhoun (acting)           (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
 1 Jan 1819 - 31 Aug 1823  Smith Thompson                     (b. 1768 - d. 1843)
 1 Sep 1823 – 16 Sep 1823  John Rodgers (acting)              (b. 1772 – d. 1838)
16 Sep 1823 -  4 Mar 1829  Samuel L. Southard                 (b. 1787 - d. 1842)
 4 Mar 1829 -  9 Mar 1829  Charles Hay (acting)               (b. 1793 - d. 1833)
 9 Mar 1829 - 12 May 1831  John Branch                        (b. 1782 - d. 1863)
12 May 1831 – 23 May 1831  John Boyle (acting)                (b. 1777 – d. 1849)
23 May 1823 - 30 Jun 1834  Levi Woodbury                      (b. 1789 - d. 1851)
 1 Jul 1834 - 30 Jun 1838  Mahlon Dickerson                   (b. 1770 - d. 1853)
 1 Jul 1838 -  3 Mar 1841  James Kirke Paulding               (b. 1778 - d. 1860)
 4 Mar 1841 -  5 Mar 1841
  John D. Simms (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1788 - d. 1843)
 5 Mar 1841 - 11 Sep 1841  George Edmund Badger               (b. 1795 - d. 1866)
11 Sep 1841 – 11 Oct 1841  John D. Simms (2nd time)(acting)   (s.a.)
11 Oct 1841 - 23 Jul 1843  Abel Parker Upshur                 (b. 1790 - d. 1844)
24 Jul 1843 - 18 Feb 1844  David Henshaw                      (b. 1791 - d. 1852)
19 Feb 1844 - 28 Feb 1844  Thomas Walker Gilmer               (b. 1802 - d. 1844)
28 Feb 1844 – 26 Mar 1844  Lewis Warrington (1st time)(acting)(b. 1782 – d. 1851)
26 Mar 1844 - 10 Mar 1845  John Young Mason (1st time)        (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
11 Mar 1845 -  9 Sep 1846  George Bancroft                    (b. 1800 - d. 1891)
10 Sep 1846 -  7 Mar 1849  John Young Mason (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850  William Ballard Preston            (b. 1805 - d. 1862)
23 Jul 1850 –  2 Aug 1850  Lewis Warrington (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
 2 Aug 1850 - 25 Jul 1852  William Alexander Graham           (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
26 Jul 1852 -  7 Mar 1853  John Pendelton Kennedy             (b. 1795 - d. 1870)
 7 Mar 1853 -  6 Mar 1857  James Cochrane Dobbin              (b. 1804 - d. 1857)
 7 Mar 1857 -  6 Mar 1861  Isaac Toucey                       (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
 7 Mar 1861 -  3 Mar 1869  Gideon Welles                      (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
 4 Mar 1869 -  9 Mar 1869  William Faxon (acting)             (b. 1822 - d. 1883)
 9 Mar 1869 - 25 Jun 1869  Adolph Edward Borie                (b. 1809 - d. 1880)
26 Jun 1869 - 12 Mar 1877  George Maxwell Robeson             (b. 1829 - d. 1897)
13 Mar 1877 - 20 Dec 1880  Richard Wigginton Thompson         (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
20 Dec 1880 -  6 Jan 1881  Alexander Ramsey (acting)          (b. 1815 - d. 1903)
 7 Jan 1881 -  6 Mar 1881  Nathan Goff, Jr.                   (b. 1843 - d. 1920)
 7 Mar 1881 - 16 Apr 1882  William Henry Hunt                 (b. 1823 - d. 1884)
17 Apr 1882 -  6 Mar 1885  William Eaton Chandler             (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
 7 Mar 1885 -  5 Mar 1889  William Colins Whitney             (b. 1841 - d. 1904)
 6 Mar 1889 -  6 Mar 1893  Benjamin Franklin Tracy            (b. 1830 - d. 1915)
 7 Mar 1893 -  6 Mar 1897  Hilary Abner Herbert               (b. 1834 - d. 1919)
 6 Mar 1897 - 30 Apr 1902  John Davis Long                    (b. 1838 - d. 1915)
 1 May 1902 – 30 Jun 1904  William Henry Moody                (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
 1 Jul 1904 – 30 Jun 1905  Paul Morton                        (b. 1857 - d. 1911)
 1 Jul 1905 - 16 Dec 1906  Charles Joseph Bonaparte           (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
17 Dec 1906 - 30 Nov 1908  Victor Howard Metcalf              (b. 1853 - d. 1936)
 1 Dec 1908 -  5 Mar 1909  Truman Handy Newberry              (b. 1864 - d. 1945)
 6 Mar 1909 -  4 Mar 1913  George von Lengerke Meyer          (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
 5 Mar 1913 -  5 Mar 1921  Josephus Daniels                   (b. 1861 - d. 1948)

 6
Mar 1921 - 10 Mar 1924  Edwin C. Denby                     (b. 1870 - d. 1929)
10 Mar 1924 - 19 Mar 1924  Theodore Roosevelt III (acting)    (b. 1887 - d. 1944)     
19 Mar 1924 -  4 Mar 1929  Curtis Dwight Wibur                (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
 5 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Charles Francis Adams              (b. 1866 - d. 1954)
 4 Mar 1933 -  7 Jul 1939  Claude Augustus Swanson            (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
 
7 Jul 1939 - 24 Jun 1940  Charles Edison                     (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
                             (acting to 2 Jan 1940)
24 Jun 1940 - 11 Jul 1940  Lewis Compton
(acting)             (b. 1892 - d. 1942)
11 Jul 1940 - 28 Apr 1944  Frank Knox                         (b. 1874 - d. 1944)
28 Apr 1944 - 19 May 1944  Ralph A. Bard (acting)             (b. 1884 - d. 1975) 
19 May 1944 - 17 Sep 1947  James V. Forrestal                 (b. 1892 - d. 1949)
18 Sep 1947 - 24 May 1949  John Lawrence Sullivan             (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
25 May 1949 - 31 Jul 1951  Francis Patrick Matthews           (b. 1887 - d. 1952)
31 Jul 1951 - 20 Jan 1953  Dan A. Kimball                     (b. 1896 - d. 1970)
20 Jan 1953 -  4 Feb 1953  Francis P. Whitehair (acting)      (b. 1900 - d. 1977)
 4 Feb 1953 -  3 May 1954  Robert Bernard Anderson            (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
 3 May 1954 -  1 Apr 1957  Charles Sparks Thomas              (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
 1 Apr 1957 -  8 Jun 1959  Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr.        (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
 8 Jun 1959 - 20 Jan 1961  William B. Franke                  (b. 1894 - d. 1979)
20 Jan 1961 - 25 Jan 1961  .... (acting)
25 Jan 1961 - 20 Dec 1961  John Bowden Connally, Jr.          (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
20 Dec 1961 -  1 Nov 1963  Fred Korth                         (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
                            
(acting to 4 Jan 1962)
 2 Nov 1963 - 28 Nov 1963  Paul B. Fay, Jr. (acting)          (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
29 Nov 1963 - 30 Jun 1967  Paul H. Nitze                      (b. 1907 - d. 2004)
 1 Jul 1967 - 31 Jul 1967  Robert H.B. Baldwin (acting)       (b. 1920 - d. 2016)
 1 Aug 1967 - 31 Aug 1967  Charles F. Baird (acting)          (b. 1922 - d. 2009)
 1 Sep 1967 - 24 Jan 1969  Paul R. Ignatius                   (b. 1920)
24 Jan 1969 - 31 Jan 1969  .... (acting)
31 Jan 1969 -  4 May 1972  John H. Chafee                     (b. 1922 - d. 1999)
 4 May 1972 -  8 Apr 1974  John W. Warner                     (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
 8 Apr 1974 - 20 Jan 1977  J. William Middendorf II           (b. 1924)
                             (acting to 10 Jun 1974)
20 Jan 1977 - 14 Feb 1977  David R. Macdonald
(acting)        (b. 1930 - d. 2008)
14 Feb 1977 - 24 Aug 1979  W. Graham Claytor, Jr.             (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
24 Aug 1979 - 24 Oct 1979  R. James Woolsey (acting)          (b. 1941)
24 Oct 1979 - 29 Jan 1981  Edward Hidalgo                     (b. 1912 - d. 1995)
29 Jan 1981 -  5 Feb 1981  .... (acting)
 5 Feb 1981 - 10 Apr 1987  John F. Lehman, Jr.                (b. 1942)
10 Apr 1987 -  1 May 1987  James F. Goodrich (acting)         (b. 1913 - d. 2012)
 1 May 1987 - 23 Feb 1988  James H. Webb, Jr.                 (b. 1946)
23 Feb 1988 - 28 Mar 1988  Henry Lawrence Garrett III         (b. 1939)
                             (1st time)(acting)
28 Mar 1988 - 15 May 1989  William L. Ball                    (b. 1948)
15 May 1989 - 26 Jun 1992  Henry Lawrence Garrett III         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
26 Jun 1992 -  7 Jul 1992  J. Daniel Howard (acting)          (b. 1943)
 7 Jul 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Sean O'Keefe                       (b. 1956)
                             (acting to 2 Oct 1992)
20 Jan 1993 - 21 Jul 1993  Frank B. Kelso II (acting)         (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
22 Jul 1993 - 16 Nov 1998  John H. Dalton                     (b. 1941)
16 Nov 1998 - 20 Jan 2001  Richard Danzig                     (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 24 May 2001  Robert B. Pirie, Jr. (acting)      (b. 1933)
24 May 2001 - 24 Jan 2003  Gordon R. England (1st time)       (b. 1937)
24 Jan 2003 -  7 Feb 2003  Susan Morrisey Livingstone (f)     (b. 1946)
                             (acting)
 7 Feb 2003 -  1 Oct 2003  Hansford T. Johnson (acting)       (b. 1936)
 1 Oct 2003 - 28 Dec 2005  Gordon R. England (2nd time)       (s.a.)
29 Dec 2005 -  3 Jan 2006  Dionel M. Aviles (acting)          (b. 1961)
 3 Jan 2006 - 13 Mar 2009  Donald C. Winter                   (b. 1948)
13 Mar 2009 - 19 May 2009  B.J. "Buddie" Penn (acting)        (b. 1938)
19 May 2009 - 20 Jan 2017  Raymond "Ray" E. Mabus, Jr.        (b. 1948) 
20 Jan 2017 -  3 Aug 2017  Sean J. Stackley (acting)          (b. 1957)
 3 Aug 2017 - 15 Jul 2019  Richard V. Spencer (1st time)      (b. 1954)
15 Jul 2019 -
23 Jul 2019  Thomas B. Modly (1st time)(acting) (b. 1960)
23 Jul 2019 -
24 Nov 2019  Richard V. Spencer (2nd time)      (s.a.)
24 Nov 2019 -  7 Apr 2020  Thomas B. Modly (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
 7 Apr 2020 -
29 May 2020  James E. McPherson (acting)        (b. 1953)
29 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Kenneth J. Braithwaite II          (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2021 -  9 Aug 2021  Thomas W. Harker (acting)
 9 Aug 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Carlos Del Toro                    (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2025 -
25 Mar 2025  Terence G. Emmert (acting)         (b. 1966)
25 Mar 2025 -              John C. Phelan                     (b. 1964)

Navy

[flag of Chief of Naval
                        Operations (U.S.)]
Chief of Naval Operations Flag
 Adopted Oct 1956

Commodore and Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet of the United Colonies
(from 9 Sep 1776, of the United States of America)
22 Dec 1775 -  2 Jan 1778  Esek Hopkins                       (b. 1718 - d. 1802)
                             (suspended from 26 Mar 1777)
Senior Officers
26 Mar 1777 - 25 Jan 1780  James Nicholson                    (b. 1737 - d. 1804)
25 Jan 1780 -  6 Jun 1794  Vacant
 6 Jun 1794 - 13 Sep 1803  John Barry                         (b. 1745 - d. 1803)
13 Sep 1803 - 29 Dec 1811  Samuel Nicholson                   (b. 1743 - d. 1811)
29 Dec 1811 - 25 Apr 1815  Alexander Murray                   (b. 1755 - d. 1821)
Presidents of the Board of Navy Commissioners
 

25 Apr 1815 - 15 Dec 1824  John Rodgers (1st time)            (b. 1773 - d. 1838)
15 Dec 1824 - 20 Jun 1827  William Bainbridge                 (b. 1774 - d. 1833)
 
8 Oct 1827 -  1 May 1837  John Rodgers (2nd time)            (s.a.)
 1 May 1837 - 27 Jan 1840  Isaac Chauncey                     (b. 1772 - d. 1840)
27 Jan 1840 -  1 Jun 1841  Charles Morris                     (b. 1784 - d. 1856)
 1 Jun 1841 - 31 Aug 1842  Lewis Warrington                   (b. 1782 - d. 1851)

Senior Officers
 1 Sep 1842 - 21 Apr 1851  James Barron                       (b. 1768 - d. 1851)
22 Apr 1851 - 14 Sep 1855  Charles Stewart (1st time)         (b. 1778 - d. 1869)
15 Sep 1855 - 27 Jan 1856  Charles Morris                     (s.a.)
28 Jan 1856 -  1 Mar 1859  William Shubrick                   (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
 2 Mar 1859 - 21 Dec 1861  Charles Stewart (2nd time)         (s.a.)
22 Dec 1861 - 14 Aug 1870  David Glasgow Farragut             (b. 1801 - d. 1870)
15 Aug 1870 - 13 Feb 1891  David Dixon Porter                 (b. 1813 - d. 1891)
13 Feb 1891 -  2 Apr 1892  Lewis Ashfield Kimberly            (b. 1830 - d. 1902)
 2 Apr 1892 - 10 Nov 1894  Bancroft Gherardi                  (b. 1832 - d. 1903)
10 Nov 1894 - 19 Jun 1897  George Brown                       (b. 1835 - d. 1913)
19 Jun 1897 -  3 Jul 1898  William Alexander Kirkland         (b. 1836 - d. 1898)
 3 Jul 1998 - 10 May 1915  George Dewey                       (b. 1837 - d. 1917)
Chiefs of Naval Operations

11 May 1915 - 25 Sep 1919  William Shepherd Benson            (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
 1 Nov 1919 - 21 Jul 1923  Robert Edward Coontz               (b. 1864 - d. 1935)
21 Jul 1923 - 14 Nov 1927  Edward Walter Eberle               (b. 1864 - d. 1929)
14 Nov 1927 - 17 Sep 1930  Charles Frederick Hughes           (b. 1866 - d. 1934)
17 Sep 1930 - 30 Jun 1933  William Veazie Pratt               (b. 1869 - d. 1957)
 1 Jul 1933 -  1 Jan 1937  William Harrison Standley          (b. 1872 - d. 1963)
 2 Jan 1937 -  1 Aug 1939  William Daniel Leahy               (b. 1875 - d. 1959)
 1 Aug 1939 - 26 Mar 1942  Harold Raynsford Stark             (b. 1880 - d. 1972)
26 Mar 1942 - 15 Dec 1945  Ernest Joseph King                 (b. 1878 - d. 1956)
15 Dec 1945 - 15 Dec 1947  Chester William Nimitz             (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
15 Dec 1947 -  1 Nov 1949  Louis Emil Denfeld                 (b. 1891 - d. 1972)
 2 Nov 1949 - 22 Jul 1951  Forrest Percival Sherman           (b. 1896 - d. 1951)
22 Jul 1951 - 16 Aug 1951  Lynde D. McCormick (acting)        (b. 1895 - d. 1956)
16 Aug 1951 - 17 Aug 1953  William Morrow Fechteler           (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
17 Aug 1953 - 17 Aug 1955  Robert Bostwick Carney             (b. 1895 - d. 1990)
17 Aug 1955 -  1 Aug 1961  Arleigh Albert Burke               (b. 1901 - d. 1996)
 1 Aug 1961 -  1 Aug 1963  George Whelan Anderson, Jr.        (b. 1906 - d. 1992)
 1 Aug 1963 -  1 Aug 1967  David Lamar McDonald               (b. 1906 - d. 1997)
 1 Aug 1967 - 30 Jun 1970  Thomas Hinman Moorer               (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
 1 Jul 1970 - 30 Jun 1974  Elmo Russell Zumwalt, Jr.          (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
 1 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1978  James Lemuel Holloway III          (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
 1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1982  Thomas B. Hayward                  (b. 1924 - d. 2022)
 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1986  James D. Watkins                   (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1990  Carlisle A.H. Trost                (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
 1 Jul 1990 - 23 Apr 1994  Frank B. Kelso II                  (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
23 Apr 1994 - 16 May 1996  Jeremy M. "Mike" Boorda            (b. 1939 - d. 1996)
17 May 1996 - 21 Jul 2000  Jay L. Johnson                     (b. 1946)
                             (acting to 2 Aug 1996)    
21 Jul 2000 - 22 Jul 2005  Vern Clark                         (b. 1944)
22 Jul 2005 - 29 Sep 2007  Michael Mullen                     (b. 1946)
29 Sep 2007 - 23 Sep 2011  Gary G. Roughead                   (b. 1951)
23 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2015  Jonathan W. Greenert               (b. 1953)
18 Sep 2015 -
22 Aug 2019  John M. Richardson                 (b. 1960)
22 Aug 2019 - 14 Aug 2023  Michael M. Gilday                  (b. 1962)
11 Aug 2020 - 28 Sep 2020  William K. Lescher                 (b. 1958)
                             (acting for Gilday)
14 Aug 2023 - 21 Feb 2025  Lisa M. Franchetti (f)             (b. 1964)
                             (acting to 2 Nov 2023)
21 Feb 2025 -              James W. Kilby (acting)            (b. 1963)

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)

30 Jul 1942                Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES).
12 Jun 1948                Women's Reserve (WAVES) disestablished and the position of
                             Assistant Chief
of Naval Personnel for Women created.
Mar 1973                   Post of Special Assistant to the Chief of Navy Personnel
                             for Women is vacated.
 
5 Jul 1976                Women are integrated into the regular Navy.
20 Oct 1978                Congress allows Navy to assign women to fill sea duty billets.

Directors of the Women's Reserve and (from 7 May 1943)
Assistants to the Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel

 3 Aug 1942 - Feb 1946     Mildred Helen McAfee (f)           (b. 1900 - d. 1994)
                             (from Aug 1945, Mildred Helen McAfee Horton)
Feb 1946 - Jul 1946        Jean Tilford Palmer (f)            (b. 1903 - d. 1992)
26 Jul 1946 - 12 Jun 1948  Joy Bright Hancock (f)             (b. 1898 - d. 1986)
Assistant Chiefs of Naval Personnel for Women
12 Jun 1948 -  1 Jun 1953  Joy Bright Hancock (f)             (s.a.)
Jun 1953 - Aug 1957        Louise K. "Billie" Wilde (f)       (b. 1910 - d. 1979)
Aug 1957 - Apr 1962        Winifred Redden Quick Collins (f)  (b. 1911 - d. 1999)
Apr 1962 - Apr 1966        Viola Brown Sanders (f)            (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
Apr 1966 - Jan 1971        Rita Lenihan (f)                   (b. 1914 - d. 1989)
Jan 1971 - Mar 1973        Robin Lindsay Catherine Quigley (f)(b. 1929)


Marine Corps

[U.S. Marine Corps
                          colors c.1830-1850]
c.1830 - 1850

[U.S.
                          Marine Corps colors 1850-1939] 1850 - 18 Jan 1939

[U.S.
                          Marine Corps Outdoor flag] Adopted 18 Jan 1939

[flag of Commandant of the
                        U.S. Marine Corps] Flag of the Commandant


U.S. Marine Corps

10 Nov 1775                Continental Marine Corps established.
30 Nov 1783                Disbanded
11 Jul 1798                United States Marine Corps
established.
30 Jun 1834                Within the Department of the Navy.

Captain (from 25 Jun 1776, Major) of the Continental Marines
28 Nov 1775 - 25 Aug 1781  Samuel Nicholas¹                   (b. 1744 - d. 1790)
25 Aug 1781 - 11 Jul 1798  Post abolished
Commandants of the Marine Corps (subordinate to Secretary of the Navy)
12 Jul 1798 -  6 Mar 1804  William Ward Burrows               (b. 1758 - d. 1804)
 7 Mar 1804 -  1 Sep 1818  Franklin Wharton                   (b. 1767 - d. 1818)
 2 Sep 1818 - 15 Sep 1818  Samuel Miller (acting)             (b. 1775 - d. 1855)
16 Sep 1818 -  2 Mar 1819  Archibald Henderson (1st time)     (b. 1783 - d. 1859)
                             (acting)
 3 Mar 1819 - 16 Oct 1820  Anthony Gale                       (b. 1782 - d. 1843)
17 Oct 1820 -  6 Jan 1859  Archibald Henderson (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 7 Jan 1859 - 12 May 1864  John Harris                        (b. 1790 - d. 1864)
13 May 1864 -  9 Jun 1864  Augustus S. Nicholson (acting)     (b. 1830 - d. 1911)
10 Jun 1864 - 31 Oct 1876  Jacob Zeilin                       (b. 1806 - d. 1880)
 1 Nov 1876 - 29 Jan 1891  Charles McCawley                   (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
30 Jan 1891 -  2 Oct 1903  Charles Heywood                    (b. 1839 - d. 1915)
 3 Oct 1903 - 30 Nov 1910  George Elliott                     (b. 1846 - d. 1931)
 1 Dec 1910 - 24 Feb 1914  William Phillips Biddle            (b. 1853 - d. 1923)
                             (acting to 3 Feb 1911)
25 Feb 1914 - 30 Jun 1920  George M.G. Barnett                (b. 1859 - d. 1930)
 1 Jul 1920 -  4 Mar 1929  John Archer Lejeune                (b. 1867 - d. 1942)
 5 Mar 1929 -  8 Jul 1930  Wendell Cushing Neville            (b. 1870 - d. 1930)
 9 Jul 1930 - 28 Feb 1934  Ben Hebard Fuller                  (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
 1 Mar 1934 - 30 Nov 1936  John Herny Russell                 (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
 1 Dec 1936 - 31 Dec 1943  Thomas Holcomb                     (b. 1879 - d. 1965)
 1 Jan 1944 - 31 Dec 1947  Alexander Archer Vandegrift        (b. 1887 - d. 1973)
 1 Jan 1948 - 31 Dec 1951  Clifton B. Cates                   (b. 1893 - d. 1970)
 1 Jan 1952 - 31 Dec 1955  Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.            (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
 1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1959  Randolph McCall Pate               (b. 1898 - d. 1961)
 1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1963  David M. Shoup                     (b. 1904 - d. 1983)
 1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1967  Wallace M. Greene, Jr.             (b. 1907 - d. 2003)
 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1971  Leonard F. Chapman, Jr.            (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
 1 Jan 1972 - 30 Jun 1975  Robert E. Cushman, Jr.             (b. 1914 - d. 1985)
 1 Jul 1975 - 30 Jun 1979  Louis H. Wilson, Jr.               (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
 1 Jul 1979 - 30 Jun 1983  Robert H. Barrow                   (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
 1 Jul 1983 - 30 Jun 1987  Paul X. Kelley                     (b. 1928 - d. 2019)
 1 Jul 1987 - 30 Jun 1991  Alfred "Al" M. Gray, Jr.           (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
 1 Jul 1991 - 30 Jun 1995  Carl E. Mundy, Jr.                 (b. 1935 - d. 2014)
 1 Jul 1995 - 30 Jun 1999  Charles "Chuck" C. Krulak          (b. 1942)
 1 Jul 1999 - 13 Jan 2003  James L. Jones                     (b. 1943)
13 Jan 2003 - 13 Nov 2006  Michael W. Hagee                   (b. 1944)
13 Nov 2006 - 22 Oct 2010  James T. Conway                    (b. 1947)
22 Oct 2010 - 17 Oct 2014  James F. Amos                      (b. 1946)
17 Oct 2014 - 24 Sep 2015 
Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.             (b. 1955)
24 Sep 2015 - 11 Jul 2019  Robert B. Neller                   (b. 1953)
11 Jul 2019 - 10 Jul 2023  David H. Berger                    (b. 1959)
10 Jul 2023 -              Eric M. Smith                      (b. 1964?)
                             (acting to 22 Sep 2023)
30 Oct 2023 -  3 Nov 2023  Karsten S. Heckl (acting for Smith)(b. 1964)
 3 Nov 2023 -  5 Mar 2024  Christopher J. Mahoney             (b. 1965)
                             (acting for Smith)

Marine Corps Women's Reserve (MCWR)

29 Jan 1943                Marine Corps Women's Reserve (MCWR) created.
12 Jun 1948                Renamed Women Marines.
 
1 Jul 1977                Dis-established, women integrated into the regular Marines.

Directors of Women Marines
29 Jan 1943 -  7 Dec 1945  Ruth Cheney Streeter (f)           (b. 1895 - d. 1990)
 7 Dec 1945 - 12 Jun 1946  Katherine Amelia Towle (f)         (b. 1898 - d. 1986)
                             (1st time) 
12 Jun 1946 -  3 Sep 1948  Julia Estelle Hamblet (f)(1st time)(b. 1916 - d. 2017)
 4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 1953  Katherine Amelia Towle (f)         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
 1 May 1953 -  2 Mar 1959  Julia Estelle Hamblet (f)(2nd time)(s.a.)
 2 Mar 1959 -  2 Jan 1964  Margaret Monroe Henderson (f)      (b. 1911 - d. 2004)
 3 Jan 1964 -  1 Feb 1969  Barbara Janet Bishop (f)           (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
 1 Feb 1969 - 31 Jan 1973  Jeanette I. Sustad (f)             (b. 1922 - d. 1978)
 1 Feb 1973 - 30 Jun 1977  Margaret A. Brewer (f)             (b. 1930 - d. 2013)

 ¹The resolution of Congress on 10 Nov 1775 provided for a colonel to command two
battalions of Marines authorized, but the highest rank received by any Marine during
the revolution was major. Samuel Nicholas (s.a.) was appointed "Captain of Marines" on 28
Nov 1775, and promoted to major on 25 Jun 1776. Because of his senior status among
other Marine officers of the Revolution, he is numbered as the first Commandant.
In August 1781 Major Nicholas returned to private life. By the summer of 1781 there
were only three Marine captains and three lieutenants on active duty, and the overall organization had ceased to exist.


Department of the Air Force

[U.S. Air Force flag]
Adopted 26 Mar 1951

U.S. Air Force

28 Aug 1918 - 23 Nov 1918  Second Assistant Secretary of War for Aeronautics (under
                             the Secretary of War).

 2 Jul 1926                Office of Assistant Secretary of War for
Aeronautics
                             (under the Secretary of War)(post vacant 1933-1941).
10 Apr 1941
- 17 Sep 1947  Office of Assistant Secretary of War (Air)(from 28 Jul 1942,
                            
Assistant Secretary of War for Air).
18 Sep 1947                Department of the Air Force created as a separate military branch
                             within
the Department of Defense.

Second Assistant Secretary of War for Aeronautics and Director of Air Service,
28 Aug 1918 - 27 Nov 1918  John Dennis Ryan                   (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
27 Nov 1918 -  2 Jul 1926  Post abolished

Assistant Secretary of War for
Aeronautics
16 Jul 1926 -  4 Mar 1933  Frederick Trubee Davison           (b. 1896 - d. 1874)
 
4 Mar 1933 - 10 Apr 1941  Vacant
Assistant Secretaries of War (Air)(from 28 Jul 1942,
Assistant Secretaries of War for Air)
10 Apr 1941 - 31 Jan 1946  Robert A. Lovett                   (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
31 Jan 1946 - 17 Sep 1947
  William Stuart Symington           (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
Secretaries of the
Air Force
18 Sep 1947 - 24 Apr 1950  William Stuart Symington           (s.a.)
24 Apr 1950 - 20 Jan 1953  Thomas K. Finletter                (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
20 Jan 1953 -  4 Feb 1953  Roswell L. Gilpatric (acting)      (b. 1906 - d. 1996)
 4 Feb 1953 - 13 Aug 1955  Harold Elstner Talbott             (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
15 Aug 1955 - 30 Apr 1957  Donald Aubrey Quarles              (b. 1894 - d. 1959)
 1 May 1957 - 10 Dec 1959  James Henderson Douglas, Jr.       (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
11 Dec 1959 - 20 Jan 1961  Dudley Crawford Sharp              (b. 1905 - d. 1987)
24 Jan 1961 - 30 Sep 1965  Eugene M. Zuckert                  (b. 1911 - d. 2000)
 1 Oct 1965 - 14 Feb 1969  Harold Brown                       (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
15 Feb 1969 - 14 May 1973  Robert C. Seamans, Jr.             (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
15 May 1973 - 23 Nov 1975  John L. McLucas                    (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
                             (acting to 18 Jul 1973)
24 Nov 1975 -  1 Jan 1976  James W. Plummer (acting)          (b. 1920 - d. 2013)
 2 Jan 1976 -  6 Apr 1977  Thomas C. Reed                     (b. 1934 - d. 2024)
 6 Apr 1977 - 18 May 1979  John C. Stetson                    (b. 1920 - d. 2007)
18 May 1979 -  9 Feb 1981  Hans M. Mark                       (b. 1929 - d. 2021)
                             (acting to 26 Jul 1979)
 9 Feb 1981 - 30 Nov 1985  Verne Orr                          (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
30 Nov 1985 -  6 Dec 1985 
Edward "Pete" C. Aldridge, Jr.     (b. 1938)
                             (1st time)(acting) 

 6 Dec 1985 -  7 Apr 1986  Russell A. Rourke                  (b. 1931 - d. 2003)
 8 Apr 1986 - 16 Dec 1988  Edward "Pete" C. Aldridge, Jr.     (s.a.)
                             (acting to 8 Jun 1986)(2nd time)
16 Dec 1988 - 29 Apr 1989  James F. McGovern (acting)         (b. 1946)
29 Apr 1989 - 21 May 1989  John J. Welch, Jr. (acting)        (b. 1930 - d. 2010)
22 May 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Donald B. Rice                     (b. 1939)
20 Jan 1993 - 13 Jul 1993  Michael B. Donley (1st time)       (b. 1952)
                             (acting)       
14 Jul 1993 -  5 Aug 1993  Merrill A. McPeak (acting)         (b. 1936)
 6 Aug 1993 - 31 Oct 1997  Sheila Evans Widnall (f)           (b. 1938)
 1 Nov 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  F. Whitten Peters                  (b. 1946)
                             (acting to 3 Aug 1999)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 May 2001  Lawrence J. Delaney (acting)       (b. 1935)
 1 Jun 2001 - 20 Jan 2005  James G. Roche                     (b. 1939)
20 Jan 2005 - 25 Mar 2005  Peter B. Teets (acting)            (b. 1942)
25 Mar 2005 - 28 Mar 2005  Michael Montelongo (acting)        (b. 1955)
28 Mar 2005 - 28 Jul 2005  Michael L. Dominguez (acting)      (b. 1953)  
29 Jul 2005 -  3 Nov 2005  Preston "Pete" M. Geren (acting)   (b. 1952)
 3 Nov 2005 - 20 Jun 2008  Michael W. Wynne                   (b. 1944)
21 Jun 2008 - 20 Jun 2013  Michael B. Donley (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting to 2 Oct 2008)
21 Jun 2013 - 20 Dec 2013  Eric K. Fanning (acting)           (b. 1968)
20 Dec 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Deborah Lee James (f)              (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2017 - 16 May 2017  Lisa S. Disbrow (f) (acting)       (b. 1962)
16 May 2017 - 31 May 2019  Heather A. Wilson (f)              (b. 1960)
 1 Jun 2019 -
18 Oct 2019  Matthew P. Donovan (acting)        (b. 1958)
18 Oct 2019 - 19 Jan 2021  Barbara McConnell Barrett (f)      (b. 1950)
20 Jan 2021 -
28 Jul 2021  John P. Roth (acting)              (b. 1952?)
28 Jul 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Frank Kendall III                  (b. 1949)
20 Jan 2025 -              Gary A. Ashworth (acting)     

Air Force
 
[U.S. Army Air Corps Headquaters flag]
  Army Air Corps 1941 - 1947
[Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force flag]
   Air Force Chief of Staff Flag

 1 Aug 1907                Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps (within the U.S. Army).
18 Jul 1914                Renamed Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps. 
 
4 Nov 1915                Renamed Aeronautical Division.
 1 Oct 1917                Renamed Air Division (also known as Air Service Division).
20 May 1918                Division of Military Aeronautics (under Secretary of War).
24 May 1918                Duties connected with the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps
                             transferred to two separate agencies: the Division of Military
                             Aeronautics and the Bureau of Aircraft Production
(both under
                             the Secretary of War
).
24 May 1918                Air Service, U.S. Army.
19 Mar 1919                Division of Military Aeronautics and Bureau of Aircraft
                             Production consolidated into the
Air Service.
 
4 Jun 1920                Confirmed as a combat arm by the National Defense Act.
 2 Jul 1926                Renamed U.S. Army Air Corps.
20 Jun 1941                U.S. Army Air Forces.
 9 Mar 1942                Post of Commanding General, Army Air Forces created.
18 Sep 1947                U.S. Air Force made a separate branch of Department of Defense.

Chiefs, Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps
 
1 Aug 1907 - 13 May 1908  Charles deForest Chandler          (b. 1878 - d. 1939)
                             (1st time)
14 May 1908 - Dec 1909     Frank P. Lahm (acting)             (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
Dec 1909 – 30 Jun 1910     Benjamin D. Foulois (acting)       (b. 1879 - d. 1967)
 1 Jul 1910 - 19 Jun 1911  Arthur S. Cowan                    (b. 1875 - d. 1957)
20 Jun 1911 -  1 Apr 1913  Charles deForest Chandler          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
18 Sep 1912 - 14 Dec 1912  Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold (acting) (b. 1886 - d. 1950)
15 Dec 1912 -  9 Sep 1913  Edgar Russell                      (b. 1862 - d. 1925)
                             (acting to 1 Apr 1913)
10 Sep 1913 - 17 Jul 1914  Samuel Reber                       (b. 1869 - d. 1933)
Chiefs, Aviation Section (4 Nov 1915 - 1 Oct 1917, Aeronautical Division;
from 1 Oct 1917,
Air Division), U.S. Signal Corps
18 Jul 1914 -  5 May 1916  Samuel Reber                       (s.a.)
17 Mar 1916 -  2 Apr 1916  George S. Gibbs (acting)           (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
 
3 Apr 1916 - 20 May 1916  William "Billy" L. Mitchel (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1936)
20 May 1916 - 19 Feb 1917  George Owen Squier                 (b. 1865 - d. 1934)
19 Feb 1917 - 30 Jul 1917  John B. Bennet                     (b. 1865 - d. 1930)
30 Jul 1917 - 12 Nov 1917  Benjamin D. Foulois                (s.a.)
12 Nov 1917 - 27 Feb 1918  Alexander L. Dade                  (b. 1863 - d. 1927)
28 Feb 1918 - 20 May 1918  Laurence C. Brown
Director of Division of Military Aeronautics
21 May 1918 – 24 May 1918  William Lacy Kenly                 (b. 1865 - d. 1928)
Directors of Military Aeronautics

24 May 1918 - 10 Mar 1919  William Lacy Kenly                 (s.a.)
11 Mar 1919 - 19 Mar 1919  William "Billy" Lendrum Mitchell   (b. 1879 - d. 1936)
Directors of Aircraft Production

24 May 1918 - 28 Aug 1918  John Dennis Ryan                   (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
 4 Sep 1918 - 20 Dec 1918  William C. Potter (acting)
20 Dec 1918 - 19 Mar 1919  James Andrew Mars (acting)         (b. 1878 - d. 19..)
Directors of Air Service

28 Aug 1918 - 27 Dec 1918  John Dennis Ryan                   (s.a.)
28 Dec 1918 -  2 Jan 1919  William Lacy Kenly (acting)        (s.a.)
 
2 Jan 1919 - 20 Jul 1920  Charles Thomas Menoher             (b. 1862 - d. 1930)
Chiefs of Air Service
20 Jul 1920 - 14 Oct 1921  Charles Thomas Menoher             (s.a.)
15 Oct 1921 -  2 Jul 1926  Mason Matthews Patrick             (b. 1863 - d. 1942)
Chiefs of Air Corps
 2 Jul 1926 - 13 Dec 1927  Mason Matthews Patrick             (b. 1863 - d. 1942)
14 Dec 1927 - 19 Dec 1931  James Edmond Fechet                (b. 1877 - d. 1948)
19 Dec 1931 - 21 Dec 1935  Benjamin Delahauf Foulois          (s.a.)
22 Dec 1935 - 21 Sep 1938  Oscar M. Westover                  (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
22 Sep 1938 - 30 May 1941  Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold          (s.a.)
31 May 1941 - 20 Jun 1941  George H. Brett                    (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
Chief of Army Air Forces

20 Jun 1941 -  9 Mar 1942  Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold          (s.a.)
Commanding Generals, Army Air Forces
 9 Mar 1942 -  9 Feb 1946  Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold          (s.a.)
 
9 Feb 1946 - 18 Sep 1947  Carl Andrew Spaatz                 (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. Air Force
18 Sep 1947 - 30 Apr 1948  Carl Andrew Spaatz                 (s.a.)
30 Apr 1948 - 30 Jun 1953  Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg            (b. 1899 - d. 1954)
30 Jun 1953 - 30 Jun 1957  Nathan Farragut Twining            (b. 1897 - d. 1982)
 1 Jul 1957 - 30 Jun 1961  Thomas Desser White                (b. 1901 - d. 1965)
30 Jun 1961 - 31 Jan 1965  Curtis Emerson LeMay               (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
 1 Feb 1965 - 31 Jul 1969  John Paul McConnell                (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
 1 Aug 1969 - 31 Jul 1973  John Dale Ryan                     (b. 1915 - d. 1983)
 1 Aug 1973 - 30 Jun 1974  George Scratchley Brown            (b. 1918 - d. 1978)
 1 Jul 1974 - 20 Jun 1978  David C. Jones                     (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
20 Jun 1978 - 30 Jun 1982  Lew Allen, Jr.                     (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 
                             (acting to 1 Jul 1978)
 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1986  Charles A. Gabriel                 (b. 1928 - d. 2003)
 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1990  Larry D. Welch                     (b. 1934)
 1 Jul 1990 - 17 Sep 1990  Michael J. Dugan                   (b. 1937)
17 Sep 1990 - 27 Oct 1990  John M. Loh (acting)               (b. 1938)
27 Oct 1990 - 25 Oct 1994  Merrill A. McPeak                  (b. 1936)
26 Oct 1994 -  1 Sep 1997  Ronald R. Fogleman                 (b. 1942)
 2 Sep 1997 -  5 Oct 1997  Ralph E. "Ed" Eberhart (acting)    (b. 1946)
 6 Oct 1997 -  6 Sep 2001  Michael E. Ryan                    (b. 1941)
 6 Sep 2001 -  2 Sep 2005  John P. Jumper                     (b. 1945)
 2 Sep 2005 -  1 Aug 2008  T. Michael "Buzz" Moseley          (b. 1949)
 1 Aug 2008 - 12 Aug 2008  Duncan J. McNabb (acting)          (b. 1952)
12 Aug 2008 - 10 Aug 2012  Norton A. Schwartz                 (b. 1951)
10 Aug 2012 -  1 Jul 2016  Mark A. Welsh III                  (b. 1954)
 1 Jul 2016 -  6 Aug 2020  David L. Goldfein                  (b. 1959)
 6 Aug 2020 - 29 Sep 2023  Charles Q. Brown, Jr.              (b. 1962)
29 Sep 2023 -              David W. Allvin                    (b. 1963)
                             (acting to 2 Nov 2023)


Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) (Women in the Air Force)

10 Sep 1942                Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS).
15 Sep 1942                Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD).
 5 Aug 1943                Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) formed
                             consolidating the WAFS and WFTD.
20 Dec 1944                WASP's disbanded.
12 Jun 1948                Women in the Air Force (WAF) created.
31 Jul 1976                WAF disestablished, women integrated into regular Air Force.

Commander of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron
11 Sep 1942 -  4 Aug 1943  Nancy Harkness Love (f)            (b. 1914 - d. 1976)
Commander of the Women's Flying Training Detachment 
15 Sep 1942 -  5 Aug 1943  Jacqueline Cochran (f)             (b. 1906 - d. 1980)
Commander of the Women's Air Force Service Pilots
 5 Aug 1943 - 20 Dec 1944  Jacqueline Cochran (f)             (s.a.)
Directors of Women in the Air Force 
16 Jun 1948 - 29 May 1951  Geraldine Pratt May (f)            (b. 1895 - d. 1997)
29 May 1951 -  1 Jan 1954  Mary Josephine "Jo" Shelly (f)     (b. 1907 - d. 1979)
 
1 Jan 1954 - 26 Aug 1957  Phyllis Dunsmore-Smith Gray (f)    (b. 1901 - d. 19..)
26 Aug
1957 - Sep 1961     Emma Jane Riley (f)                (b. 1914 - d. 1999)
Sep 1961 -  1 Nov 1965     Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Ray (f)      (b. 1913 - d. 2011)
 1 Nov 1965 -  1 Mar 1973  Jeanne Marjorie Holm (f)           (b. 1921 - d. 2010)
Mar 1973 - Apr 1975        Billie Marie Bobbitt (f)           (b. 1923 - d. 2013)
Apr 1975 - 31 Jul 1976     Bianca D. Trimeloni (f)            (b. 1927 - d. 1989)


U.S. Space Force

[Flag of the U.S. Space
                        Force (U.S.)]
Adopted 15 May 2020

20 Dec 2019                U.S. Space Force (USSF) established (from U.S. Space Command and
                             Air Force Space Command).

Chiefs of Space Operations (subordinate to the Secretary of the Air Force)
20 Dec 2019 -  2 Nov 2022  John "Jay" W. Raymond              (b. 1962)
 2 Nov 2022 -              B. Chance Saltzman                 (b. 1969)


World-regional commands

Africa Command (AFRICOM)

[U.S. Africa Command
                (AFRICOM)]

Commanders, U.S. Africa Command
26 Feb 2007 - 30 Sep 2007  Robert T. Moeller (acting)         (b. 1951 - d. 2011)
 1 Oct 2007 -  9 Mar 2011  William "Kip" E. Ward              (b. 1949)
 9 Mar 2011 -  5 Apr 2013  Carter F. Ham                      (b. 1952)
 5 Apr 2013 - 18 Jul 2016  David M. Rodriguez                 (b. 1954)
18 Jul 2016 -
26 Jul 2019  Thomas D. Waldhauser               (b. 1953)
26 Jul 2019 -  9 Aug 2022  Stephen J. Townsend                (b. 1959)
 9 Aug 2022 -              Michael E. Langley                 (b. 1961?)

Central Command (CENTCOM)

[U.S. Central Command
                (CENTCOM)]

Commanders-in-chief, U.S. Central Command
 1 Jan 1983 - 27 Nov 1985  Robert C. Kingston                 (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
27 Nov 1985 - 23 Nov 1988  George B. Crist                    (b. 1931 - d. 2024)
23 Nov 1988 -  9 Aug 1991  H. Norman Schwarzkopf              (b. 1934 - d. 2012)
 9 Aug 1991 -  5 Aug 1994  Joseph P. Hoar                     (b. 1934 - d. 2022)
 5 Aug 1994 - 13 Aug 1997  James Henry Binford "Binnie"       (b. 1940)
                             Peay III
13 Aug 1997 -  6 Jul 2000  Anthony Zinni                      (b. 1947)
 6 Jul 2000 -  7 Jul 2003  Tommy Ray Franks                   (b. 1945)
 7 Jul 2003 - 24 Oct 2002  John P. Abizaid                    (b. 1951)
Commanders, U.S. Central Command
24 Oct 2002 - 16 Mar 2007  John P. Abizaid                    (s.a.)
16 Mar 2007 - 28 Mar 2008 
William J. Fallon                  (b. 1944)
28 Mar 2008 - 31 Oct 2008  Martin E. Dempsey (acting)         (b. 1952)
31 Oct 2008 - 30 Jun 2010  David H. Petraeus                  (b. 1952)
30 Jun 2010 - 11 Aug 2010  John R. Allen (acting)             (b. 1953)
11 Aug 2010 - 22 Mar 2013  James N. Mattis                    (b. 1950)
22 Mar 2013 - 30 Mar 2016  Lloyd J. Austin III                (b. 1953)
30 Mar 2016 -
28 Mar 2019  Joseph L. Votel                    (b. 1958)
28 Mar 2019 -  1 Apr 2022  Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr.           (b. 1957)
 1 Apr 2022 -              Michael E. Kurilla                 (b. 1966)

European Command (EUCOM)

[U.S. European Command
              (EUCOM)]

Commanders-in-chief,
European Command
15 Mar 1947 - 23 Aug 1949  Lucius D. Clay                     (b. 1898 - d. 1978)
12 Aug 1949 -  1 Aug 1952  Thomas T. Handy                    (b. 1892 - d. 1982)
 1 Aug 1952 - 11 Jul 1953  Matthew B. Ridgway                 (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956  Alfred M. Gruenther                (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
20 Nov 1956 -  1 Nov 1962  Lauris Norstad                     (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
 1 Nov 1962 -  5 May 1969  Lyman L. Lemnitzer                 (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
 5 May 1969 -  1 Nov 1974  Andrew J. Goodpaster               (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
 1 Nov 1974 - 27 Jun 1979  Alexander M. Haig, Jr.             (b. 1924 - d. 2010)
27 Jun 1979 - 25 Jun 1987  Bernard Rogers                     (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
25 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992  John R. Galvin                     (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
23 Jun 1992 - 21 Oct 1993  John M. Shalikashvili              (b. 1936 - d. 2011)
21 Oct 1993 - 10 Jul 1997  George A. Joulwan                  (b. 1939)
10 Jul 1997 -  2 May 2000  Wesley K. Clark                    (b. 1944)
 2 May 2000 - 24 Oct 2002  Joseph W. Ralston                  (b. 1943)
Commanders, U.S. European Command
24 Oct 2002 - 16 Jan 2003  Joseph W. Ralston                  (s.a.)
16 Jan 2003 -  4 Dec 2006  James L. Jones                     (b. 1943)
 4 Dec 2006 - 30 Jun 2009  Bantz J. Craddock                  (b. 1949)
30 Jun 2009 - 10 May 2013  James G. Stavridis                 (b. 1955)
10 May 2013 -  3 May 2016  Philip M. Breedlove                (b. 1955)
 3 May 2016 -  2 May 2019  Curtis M. Scaparrotti              (b. 1956)
 2 May 2019 -  1 Jul 2022  Tod D. Wolters                     (b. 1960)

 1 Jul 2022 -              Christopher G. Cavoli              (b. 1964)

Indo-Pacific Command 

[U.S. Pacific Command
                (PACOM)]

 1 Jan 1947                U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM).
30 May 2018                U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDO
PACOM).

Commanders-in-chief, U.S. Pacific Command
 1 Jan 1947 - 28 Feb 1947  John H. Towers                     (b. 1885 - d. 1955)
28 Feb 1947 -  3 Dec 1947  Louis E. Denfeld                   (b. 1891 - d. 1972)
 
3 Dec 1947 - 30 Apr 1949  DeWitt C. Ramsey                   (b. 1888 - d. 1961)
30 Apr 1949 - 10 Jul 1953  Arthur W. Radford                  (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
10 Jul 1953 - 31 Jul 1958  Felix B. Stump                     (b. 1894 - d. 1972)
31 Jul 1958 - 30 Jun 1964  Harry D. Felt                      (b. 1902 - d. 1992)
30 Jun 1964 - 31 Jul 1968  Ulysses S. Grant Sharp             (b. 1906 - d. 2001)
31 Jul 1968 -  1 Sep 1972  John S. McCain, Jr.                (b. 1911 - d. 1981)
 1 Sep 1972 - 30 Aug 1976  Noel A.M. Gayler                   (b. 1913 - d. 2011)
30 Aug 1976 - 31 Oct 1979  Maurice F. Weisner                 (b. 1917 - d. 2006)
31 Oct 1979 -  1 Jul 1983  Robert L.J. Long                   (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
 1 Jul 1983 - 18 Sep 1985  William J. Crowe, Jr.              (b. 1925 - d. 2007)
18 Sep 1985 - 30 Sep 1988  Ronald J. Hays, Jr.                (b. 1928 - d. 2021)
30 Sep 1988 -  1 Mar 1991  Huntington Hardisty                (b. 1929 - d. 2003)
 1 Mar 1991 - 11 Jul 1994  Charles R. Larson                  (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
11 Jul 1994 - 19 Jul 1994  Harold T. Fields, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1938)
19 Jul 1994 - 31 Jan 1996  Richard C. Macke                   (b. 1938 - d. 2022)
31 Jan 1996 - 20 Feb 1999  Joseph W. Prueher                  (b. 1942)
20 Feb 1999 -  2 May 2002  Dennis C. Blair                    (b. 1947)
 2 May 2002 - 24 Oct 2002  Thomas B. Fargo                    (b. 1948)
Commanders, U.S. Pacific Command
24 Oct 2002 - 26 Feb 2005  Thomas B. Fargo                    (s.a.)
26 Feb 2005 - 12 Mar 2007  William J. Fallon                  (b. 1944)
12 Mar 2007 - 26 Mar 2007  Daniel P. "Fig" Leaf (acting)      (b. 1952)
26 Mar 2007 - 19 Oct 2009  Timothy J. Keating                 (b. 1948)
19 Oct 2009 -  9 Mar 2012  Robert F. Willard                  (b. 1950)
 9 Mar 2012 - 27 May 2015  Samuel J. Locklear III             (b. 1954)
27 May 2015 - 30 May 2018  Harry B. Harris, Jr.               (b. 1956)
Commanders, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command
30 May 2018 -
30 Apr 2021  Philip "Phil" S. Davidson          (b. 1960)
30 Apr 2021 -  3 May 2024  John C. Aquilino                   (b. 1961)
 3 May 2024 -              Samuel J. Paparo, Jr.              (b. 1964)

Alaskan Command (ALCOM) 

 1 Jan 1947                Alaskan Command (ALCOM).
 1 Jul 1975                Dis-established, transferred to U.S. Pacific Command.
 1 Oct 2002                Alaska included in U.S. Northern Command (but Alaskan
                             command forces remain under
U.S. Pacific Command).

Commanders-in-chief, Alaskan Command
 1 Jan 1947 - 17 Oct 1947 
Howard A. "Pinky" Craig            (b. 1897 - d. 1977)
17 Oct 1947 -  1 Jul 1950  Nathan F. Twining                  (b. 1897 - d. 1982)
 1 Jul 1950 -  1 Mar 1953  William E. Kepner                  (b. 1893 - d. 1982)
 1 Mar 1953 -  1 Oct 1956  Joseph A. Atkinson                 (b. 1900 - d. 1984)
 1 Oct 1956 -  1 Aug 1961  Frank A. Armstrong, Jr.            (b. 1902 - d. 1969)
 1 Aug 1961 -  1 Aug 1963  George W. Mundy                    (b. 1905 - d. 2000)
 1 Aug 1963 - 28 Jul 1966  Raymond J. Reeves                  (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
28 Jul 1966 -  3 Jun 1967  Glen R. Birchard                   (b. 1914 - d. 1967)
29 Jun 1967 -  1 Aug 1969  Robert A. Breitweiser              (b. 1916 - d. 2007)
 1 Aug 1969 -  1 Aug 1972  Robert G. Ruegg                    (b. 1914 - d. 2009)
 1 Aug 1972 -  1 Sep 1974  James C. Sherrill                  (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
 1 Sep 1974 -  1 Jul 1975  James E. Hill                      (b. 1921 - d. 1999)

Far Eastern Command (FECOM)

 1 Jan 1947                Far Eastern Command (FECOM).
 1 Jul 1957                Dis-established, functions assumed by U.S. Pacific Command.

Commanders-in-chief, Far Eastern Command (in Tokyo, Japan)
 1 Jan 1947 - 11 Apr 1951  Douglas MacArthur                  (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
11 Apr 1951 - 12 May 1952  Matthew B. Ridgway                 (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
12 May 1952 -  7 Oct 1953  Mark W. Clark                      (b. 1896 - d. 1984)
 7 Oct 1953 -  1 Apr 1955  John E. Hull                       (b. 1895 - d. 1975)
 1 Apr 1955 -  5 Jun 1955  Maxwell D. Taylor                  (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
 5 Jun 1955 -  1 Jul 1957  Lyman L. Lemnitzer                 (b. 1899 - d. 1988)

Northern Command (NORTHCOM)

[U.S. Northern Command
              (NORTHCOM)]

Commander-in-chief
, U.S. Northern Command
 1 Oct 2002 - 24 Oct 2002  Ralph E. "Ed" Eberhart             (b. 1946)
Commanders, U.S. Northern Command
24 Oct 2002 -  5 Nov 2004  Ralph E. "Ed" Eberhart             (s.a.)

 5 Nov 2004 - 23 Mar 2007  Timothy J. Keating                 (b. 1948)
23 Mar 2007 - 19 May 2010  Victor E. "Gene" Renuart, Jr.      (b. 1949)
19 May 2010 -  3 Aug 2011  James A. Winnefeld, Jr.            (b. 1956)
 
3 Auy 2011 -  5 Dec 2014  Charles H. Jacoby, Jr.             (b. 1954)
 5 Dec 2014 - 13 May 2016  William E. Gortney                 (b. 1955)
13 May 2016 - 24 May 2018  Lori J. Robinson (f)               (b. 1959)
24 May 2018 - 20 Aug 2020  Terrence J. O'Shaughnessy          (b. 1964)
20 Aug 2020 -  5 Feb 2024  Glen D. VanHerck                   (b. 1962)
 5 Feb 2024 -              Gregory M. Guillot

Southern Command (SOUTHCOM)

[U.S. Southern Command
                (SOUTHCOM)]

 1 Jul 1917                Panama Canal Department.
10 Feb 1941                Caribbean Defense Command.
 1 Nov 1947                U.S. Caribbean Command.
 6 Jun 1963                U.S. Southern Command.

Commanders-in-chief, Panama Canal Department
 
1 Jul 1917 - 14 Aug 1917  Edward H. Plummer                  (b. 1855 - d. 1927)
14 Aug 1917 - 31 Aug 1917  Adelbert Cronkhite                 (b. 1861 - d. 1937)
31 Aug 1917 - 28 Feb 1918  George F. Landers                  (b. 1865 - d. 1939)
28 Feb 1918 - 18 Apr 1919  Richard M. Blatchford              (b. 1859 - d. 1934)
18 Apr 1919 - 24 May 1921  Chase W. Kennedy                   (b. 1859 - d. 1936) 
24 May 1921 - 22 Oct 1921  Edwin B. Babbitt                   (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
22 Oct 1921 - 19 Sep 1924  Samuel D. Sturgis                  (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
19 Sep 1924 - 13 Jun 1926  William Lassiter                   (b. 1867 - d. 1959)
13 Jun 1926 -  2 Oct 1927  Charles H. Martin                  (b. 1863 - d. 1946)
 2 Oct 1927 -  1 Apr 1928  William S. Graves                  (b. 1865 - d. 1940)
 1 Apr 1928 - 10 Aug 1930  Malin Craig                        (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
10 Aug 1930 - 24 Nov 1930  George LeRoy Irwin                 (b. 1868 - d. 1931)
24 Nov 1930 -  5 Sep 1933  Preston Brown                      (b. 1872 - d. 1948)
 
5 Sep 1933 - 10 Nov 1935  Harold B. Fiske                    (b. 1871 - d. 1960)
10 Nov 1935 - 30 Jul 1936  Lytle Brown                        (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
30 Jul 1936 - 10 Feb 1937  Henry W. Butner                    (b. 1875 - d. 1937)
10 Feb 1937 - 12 Apr 1937  Frank W. Rowell                    (b. 1880 - d. 1947)
12 Apr 1937 -  8 Jan 1940  David L. Stone                     (b. 1876 - d. 1959)
 
8 Jan 1940 - 10 Feb 1941  Daniel Van Voorhis                 (b. 1878 - d. 1956)
Commanders-in-chief, Caribbean Defense Command
10 Feb 1941 - 19 Sep 1941  Daniel Van Voorhis                 (s.a.)
 9 Sep 1941 -  9 Nov 1942  Frank M. Andrews                   (b. 1884 - d. 1943)
 
9 Nov 1942 - 15 Oct 1945  George Howard Brett                (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
15 Oct 1945 -  1 Nov 1947  Willis D. Crittenberger            (b. 1890 - d. 1980)
Commanders-in-chief, U.S. Caribbean Command
 1 Nov 1947 - 28 Jun 1948  Willis D. Crittenberger            (s.a.)
28 Jun 1948 -  1 Oct 1949  Matthew B. Ridgway                 (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
 1 Oct 1949 -  1 Apr 1952  William H.H. Morris, Jr.           (b. 1890 - d. 1971)
 1 Apr 1952 - 15 Jun 1954  Horace L. McBride                  (b. 1894 - d. 1962)
15 Jun 1954 -  5 Jan 1957  William K. Harrison, Jr.           (b. 1895 - d. 1987)
 5 Jan 1957 - 20 Feb 1958  Robert M. Montague                 (b. 1899 - d. 1958)
20 Feb 1958 -  1 Apr 1958  Truman H. Landon (acting)          (b. 1905 - d. 1986)
 1 Apr 1958 - 15 Jul 1960  Ridgely Gaither                    (b. 1903 - d. 1992)
15 Jul 1960 -  1 Feb 1961  Robert F. Sink                     (b. 1905 - d. 1965)
 1 Feb 1961 -  6 Jun 1963  Andrew P. O'Meara                  (b. 1907 - d. 2005)
Commanders-in-chief, U.S. Southern Command.
 6 Jun 1963 - 22 Feb 1965  Andrew P. O'Meara                  (s.a.)
22 Feb 1965 - 18 Feb 1969  Robert W. Porter, Jr.              (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
18 Feb 1969 - 20 Sep 1971  George R. Mather                   (b. 1911 - d. 1993)
20 Sep 1971 - 17 Jan 1973  George V. Underwood, Jr.           (b. 1913 - d. 1984)
17 Jan 1973 -  1 Aug 1975  William B. Rosson                  (b. 1918 - d. 2004)
 1 Aug 1975 -  1 Oct 1979  Dennis P. McAuliffe                (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
 1 Oct 1979 - 24 May 1983  Wallace H. Nutting                 (b. 1928 - d. 2023)
24 May 1983 -  1 Mar 1985  Paul F. Gorman                     (b. 1927)
 1 Mar 1985 -  6 Jun 1987  John R. Galvin                     (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
 6 Jun 1987 -  1 Oct 1989  Frederick F. Woerner, Jr.          (b. 1933 - d. 2023)
 1 Oct 1989 - 21 Nov 1990  Maxwell R. Thurman                 (b. 1931 - d. 1995)
21 Nov 1990 - 15 Oct 1993  George A. Joulwan                  (b. 1939)
15 Oct 1993 - 17 Feb 1993  Walter T. Worthington (acting)     (b. 1942 - d. 2004)
17 Feb 1994 -  1 Mar 1996  Barry R. McCaffrey                 (b. 1942)
 
1 Mar 1996 - 26 Jun 1996  James B. Perkins III (acting)      (b. 1942 - d. 2021)
26 Jun 1996 - 13 Jul 1997  Wesley K. Clark                    (b. 1944)
13 Jul 1997 - 25 Sep 1997  Walter F. Doran (acting)           (b. 1945)
25 Sep 1997 -  8 Sep 2000  Charles E. Wilhelm                 (b. 1941)
 8 Sep 2000 - 30 Sep 2001  Peter Pace                         (b. 1945)
30 Sep 2001 - 18 Aug 2002  Gary D. Speer (acting)             (b. 1950)
18 Aug 2002 - 24 Oct 2002  James T. Hill                      (b. 1946)
Commanders, U.S. Southern Command
24 Oct 2002 -  9 Nov 2004  James T. Hill                      (s.a.)
 9 Nov 2004 - 19 Oct 2006  Bantz J. Craddock                  (b. 1949)
19 Oct 2006 - 25 Jun 2009  James G. Stavridis                 (b. 1955)
25 Jun 2009 - 19 Nov 2012  Douglas M. Fraser                  (b. 1953)
19 Nov 2012 - 14 Jan 2016  John F. Kelly                      (b. 1950)
14 Jan 2016 -
26 Nov 2018  Kurt W. Tidd                       (b. 1956)
26 Nov 2018 - 29 Oct 2021  Craig S. Faller                    (b. 1961)
29 Oct 2021 -  7 Nov 2024  Laura J. Richardson (f)            (b. 1963)
 7 Nov 2024 -              Alvin Holsey                       (b. 1965)

Space Command (USSPACECOM)

[U.S. Space Command
                        (USSPACECOM) 1985-2002] 1985 - 1 Oct 2002 [U.S. Space Command
                      (SPACECOM) 2019] Adopted 29 Aug 2019

23 Sep 1985                United States Space Command (USSPACECOM).
 1 Oct 2002               
Dis-established, functions assumed by U.S. Strategic Command
                             (
STRATCOM).
29 Aug 2019                United States Space Command (SPACECOM)[not the lineal successor
                             of
USSPACECOM].

Commanders-in-chief, United States Space Command
23 Sep 1985 -  5 Feb 1987  Robert Tralles Herres              (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
 
6 Feb 1987 - 30 Mar 1990  John L. "Pete" Piotrowski          (b. 1934)
 1 Apr 1990 - 30 Jun 1992  Donald J. Kutyna                   (b. 1933)
30 Jun 1992 - 12 Sep 1994  Charles "Chuck" A. Horner          (b. 1936)
13 Sep 1994 - 26 Aug 1996  Joseph W. Ashy                     (b. 1940)
27 Aug 1996 - 13 Aug 1998  Howell M. Estes III                (b. 1941)
14 Aug 1998 - 22 Feb 2000  Richard B. Myers                   (b. 1942)
22 Feb 2000 -  1 Oct 2002  Ralph E. "Ed" Eberhart             (b. 1946)
 1 Oct 2002 - 29 Aug 2019  dis-established
Commanders, United States Space Command
29 Aug 2019 - 20 Aug 2020  John "Jay" W. Raymond              (b. 1962)
20 Aug 2020 - 10 Jan 2024  James H. Dickinson                 (b. 1963?)
10 Jan 2024 -              Stephen N. Whiting                 (b. 1967)


Atlantic and Joint Forces Commands (JFCOM)

[U.S. Atlantic Command
                      (USACOM) 1993-1999] 1993 - 1999 [U.S. Joint Forces Command
                      (JFCOM) 1999-2011] 1999 - 2011

 1 Dec 1947                Atlantic Command (LANTCOM).
 1 Oct 1993                
U.S. Atlantic Command (USACOM).
 7 Oct 1999                Reorganized as U.S. Joint Forces Command (JFCOM).
31 Aug 2011                Dis-established, essential functions reassigned
                             to other unified combatant commands.

Commanders-in-chief, Atlantic Command (and also 10 Apr 1952 - 4 Oct 1985,
NATO Supreme Allied Commanders, Atlantic [SACLANT])

 1 Dec 1947 -  1 Feb 1950  William H.P. Blandy                (b. 1890 - d. 1954)
 1 Feb 1950 - 15 Aug 1951  William M. Fechteler               (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
15 Aug 1951 - 12 Apr 1954  Lynde D. McCormick                 (b. 1895 - d. 1956)
12 Apr 1954 - 28 Feb 1960  Jerauld Wright                     (b. 1898 - d. 1995)
28 Feb 1960 - 30 Apr 1963  Robert L. Dennison                 (b. 1901 - d. 1980)
30 Apr 1963 - 30 Apr 1965  Harold Page Smith                  (b. 1904 - d. 1993)
30 Apr 1965 - 17 Jun 1967  Thomas H. Moorer                   (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
17 Jun 1967 - 30 Sep 1970  Ephraim P. Holmes                  (b. 1908 - d. 1997)
30 Sep 1970 - 31 Oct 1972  Charles K. Duncan                  (b. 1911 - d. 1994)
31 Oct 1972 - 30 May 1975  Ralph W. Cousins                   (b. 1915 - d. 2009)
30 May 1975 - 30 Sep 1978  Isaac C. Kidd, Jr.                 (b. 1919 - d. 1999)
30 Sep 1978 - 30 Sep 1982  Harry D. Train II                  (b. 1927)
30 Sep 1982 - 27 Nov 1985  Wesley L. McDonald                 (b. 1924 - d. 2009)
27 Nov 1985 - 22 Nov 1988  Lee Baggett, Jr.                   (b. 1927 - d. 1999)
22 Nov 1988 – 18 May
1990  Frank B. Kelso II                  (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
18 May 1990 – 13 Jul 1992  Leon A. "Bud" Edney                (b. 1935)
13 Jul 1992 - 31 Oct 1994  Paul D. Miller                     (b. 1941)
31 Oct 1994 – 24 Sep 1997  John J. Sheehan                    (b. 1940)
24 Sep 1997 –  7 Oct 1999  Harold W. Gehman, Jr.              (b. 1942)
Commanders-in-chief
, United States Joint Forces Command
 7 Oct 1999 –  5 Sep 2000  Harold W. Gehman, Jr.              (s.a.)
 5 Sep 2000 -  2 Oct 2002  William "Buck" F. Kernan           (b. 1946)
 2 Oct 2002 - 24 Oct 2002  Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr.        (b. 1948)
Commanders, United States Joint Forces Command
24 Oct 2002 -  1 Aug 2005  Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr.        (s.a.)
 1 Aug 2005 - 10 Aug 2005  Robert W. Wagner (acting)  
10 Nov 2005 -  9 Nov 2007  Lance L. Smith                     (b. 1946)
 9 Nov 2007 -  8 Sep 2009  James N. Mattis                    (b. 1950)
 8 Sep 2009 - 29 Oct 2010  Keith M. Huber (acting)            (b. 1953?)
29 Oct 2010 - 31 Aug 2011  Raymond T. Odierno                 (b. 1954 - d. 2021)


National Security Agency

[U.S. National
                  Security Agency (NSA)]

NSA website

15 Jul 1949                Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA).
 4 Nov 1952                National Security Agency (NSA).

Directors of the Armed Forces Security Agency
15 Jul 1949 - 15 Jul 1951  Earl E. Stone                      (b. 1895 - d. 1989)
15 Jul 1951 -  4 Nov 1952  Ralph J. Canine                    (b. 1895 - d. 1969)
Directors of the National Security Agency
 
4 Nov 1952 - 23 Nov 1956  Ralph J. Canine                    (s.a.)
24 Nov 1956 - 23 Nov 1960  John A. Samford                    (b. 1905 - d. 1968)

24 Nov 1960 - 30 Jun 1962  Laurence H. Frost                  (b. 1902 - d. 1977)
 1 Jul 1962 - 31 May 1965  Gordon A. Blake                    (b. 1910 - d. 1997)
 1 Jun 1965 - 31 Jul 1969  Marshall S. Carter                 (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
 1 Aug 1969 - 31 Jul 1972  Noel Gayler                        (b. 1914 - d. 2011)
 1 Aug 1972 - 14 Aug 1973  Samuel C. Phillips                 (b. 1921 - d. 1990)
15 Aug 1973 -  4 Jul 1977  Lew Allen, Jr.                     (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
 5 Jul 1977 - 31 Mar 1981  Bobby Ray Inman                    (b. 1931)
 1 Apr 1981 - 27 Mar 1985  Lincoln D. Faurer                  (b. 1928 - d. 2014)
27 Mar 1985 -  5 May 1985  Robert E. Rich (acting)            (b. 1926)
 5 May 1985 - 31 Jul 1988  William E. Odom                    (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
 1 Aug 1988 -  8 Apr 1992  William O. Studeman                (b. 1940)
 8 Apr 1992 - 22 May 1992  Robert L. Prestel (acting)         (b. 1936)
22 May 1992 - 22 Feb 1996  J. Michael McConnell               (b. 1943)
23 Feb 1996 - 15 Mar 1999  Kenneth A. Minihan                 (b. 1943)
25 Mar 1999 - 21 Apr 2005  Michael V. Hayden                  (b. 1945)
21 Apr 2005 - 31 Jul 2005  William B. Black, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1936)
 1 Aug 2005 - 28 Mar 2014  Keith B. Alexander                 (b. 1951)
 2 Apr 2014 -  4 May 2018  Michael S. Rogers                  (b. 1959)
 4 May 2018 -  2 Feb 2024  Paul M. Nakasone                   (b. 1963)
 2 Feb 2024 -  3 Apr 2025  Timothy D. Haugh                   (b. 1969)
 3 Apr 2025 -              William J. Hartman (acting)     



Post Office Department
 
[U.S. Postmaster General's former flag
                          1903-c.1971]
1903 - 1 Jul 1971?
[U.S. Postal
                          Service (USPS) flag]
Adopted 1990's

United States Postal Service (USPS)

26 Jul 1775                Office of Postmaster General created by Congress.
22 Sep 1789                Act provided for the temporary establishment of a general post
                             office and authorized the appointment of a Postmaster General.
20 Feb 1792                Post Office Department
 2 Mar 1827                Postmaster General placed on an equal basis with that of other
                             Department heads.
 9 Mar 1829                Postmaster General becomes a cabinet member.

 8 Jun 1872                Post Office Department formally established as an 
                             executive department.
 1 Jul 1971                U.S. Postal Service (USPS)(no longer a cabinet post).

Postmasters General of the United States
26 Jul 1775 -  7 Nov 1776  Benjamin Franklin                  (b. 1706 - d. 1790)
 7 Nov 1776 - 28 Jan 1782  Richard Bache                      (b. 1737 - d. 1811)
28 Jan 1782 - 26 Sep 1789  Ebenezer Hazard                    (b. 1744 - d. 1817)
26 Sep 1789 - 19 Aug 1791  Samuel Osgood                      (b. 1747 - d. 1813)
19 Aug 1791 - 25 Feb 1795  Timothy Pickering                  (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
25 Feb 1795 - 28 Nov 1801  Joseph Habersham                   (b. 1751 - d. 1815)
28 Nov 1801 - 17 Mar 1814  Gideon Granger                     (b. 1767 - d. 1822)
17 Mar 1814 - 26 Jun 1823  Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr.         (b. 1764 - d. 1825)
26 Jun 1823
-  3 Mar 1829  John McLean                        (b. 1785 - d. 1861)
 9 Mar 1829
-  1 May 1835  William Taylor Barry               (b. 1785 - d. 1835)
 1 May 1835 - 19 May 1840  Amos Kendall                       (b. 1789 - d. 1869)
19 May 1840 -  3 Mar 1841  John Milton Niles                  (b. 1787 - d. 1856)
 4 Mar 1841 -  6 Mar 1841  Selah R. Hobbie (1st time)(acting) (b. 1797 - d. 1854)
 
6 Mar 1841 - 13 Oct 1841  Francis Granger                    (b. 1792 - d. 1868)
13 Oct 1841 -  6 Mar 1845  Charles Anderson Wickliffe         (b. 1788 - d. 1869)
 6 Mar 1845 -  5 Mar 1849  Cave Johnson                       (b. 1793 - d. 1866)
 6 Mar 1849 -  8 Mar 1849  Selah R. Hobbie (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
 8 Mar 1849 - 23 Jul 1850  Jacob Collamer                     (b. 1791 - d. 1865)
23 Jul 1850 - 14 Sep 1852  Nathan Kelsey Hall                 (b. 1810 - d. 1874)
14 Sep 1852 -  7 Mar 1853  Samuel Dickinson Hubbard           (b. 1799 - d. 1855)
 7 Mar 1853 -  6 Mar 1857  James Campbell                     (b. 1812 - d. 1893)
 6 Mar 1857 -  8 Mar 1859  Aaron Venable Brown                (b. 1795 - d. 1859)
 9 Mar 1859 - 14 Mar 1859  Horatio King (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1811 - d. 1897)
14 Mar 1859 - 31 Dec 1860  Joseph Holt                        (b. 1807 - d. 1894)
 1 Jan 1861 -  9 Mar 1861  Horatio King (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (acting to 12 Feb 1861)
 
9 Mar 1861 - 24 Sep 1864  Montgomery Blair                   (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
24 Sep 1864
- 25 Jul 1866  William Dennison, Jr.              (b. 1815 - d. 1882)
25 Jul 1866 -  3 Mar 1869  Alexander Williams Randall         (b. 1819 - d. 1872)
                             (acting to 25 Jul 1866)
 4 Mar 1869 -  5 Mar 1869  St. John B.L. Skinner (acting)     (b. 1797 - d. 1872)
 5 Mar 1869 -  7 Jul 1874  John Angel James Creswell          (b. 1828 - d. 1891)
 
7 Jul 1874 - 24 Aug 1874  James W. Marshall                  (b. 1822 - d. 1910)
24 Aug 1874
- 12 Jul 1876  Marshall Jewell                    (b. 1825 - d. 1883)
12 Jul 1876 - 12 Mar 1877  James M. Tyner                     (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
12 Mar 1877 -  2 Jun 1880  David McKendree Key                (b. 1814 - d. 1882)
 
2 Jun 1880 -  3 Mar 1881  Horace Maynard                     (b. 1814 - d. 1882)
 5
Mar 1881 - 20 Dec 1881  Thomas Lemuel James                (b. 1831 - d. 1916)
20 Dec 1881
- 26 Mar 1883  Timothy Otis Howe                  (b. 1816 - d. 1883)
26 Mar 1883 -  3 Apr 1883  Frank Hatton (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1846 - d. 1894) 
 
3 Apr 1883 - 25 Sep 1884  Walter Quintin Gresham             (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
25 Sep 1884 -  6 Mar 1885  Frank Hatton (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (acting to 14 Oct 1884)
 6 Mar 1885 -  6 Jan 1888  William Freeman Vilas              (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
 
6 Jan 1888 -  3 Mar 1889  Donald McDonald Dickinson          (b. 1846 - d. 1916)
 5 Mar 1889 -  3 Mar 1893  John Wanamaker                     (b. 1838 - d. 1922)
 6 Mar 1893 -  1 Mar 1895  Wilson Shannon Bissell             (b. 1847 - d. 1903)
 1 Mar 1895
-  3 Mar 1897  William Lyne Wilson                (b. 1843 - d. 1900)
 5 Mar 1897 - 21 Apr 1898  James Albert Gary                  (b. 1833 - d. 1920)
21 Apr 1898 -  9 Jan 1902  Charles Emory Smith                (b. 1842 - d. 1902)
 9 Jan 1902 - 10 Oct 1904  Henry Clay Payne                   (b. 1843 - d. 1904)
10 Oct 1904 -  3 Mar 1905  Robert John Wynne                  (b. 1851 - d. 1905)
 
6 Mar 1905 - 15 Jan 1907  George Bruce Cortelyou             (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
15 Jan 1907 -  3 Mar 1909  George von Lengerke Meyer          (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
 5 Mar 1909 -  3 Mar 1913  Frank Harris Hitchcock             (b. 1867 - d. 1935)
 5 Mar 1913 -  3 Mar 1921  Albert Sidney Burleson             (b. 1863 - d. 1937)
 5 Mar 1921 -  4 Mar 1922  Will Harrison Hays                 (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
 
4 Mar 1922 - 27 Feb 1923  Hubert Work                        (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
27 Feb 1923 -  3 Mar 1929
  Harry S. New                       (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
 
5 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Walter F. Brown                    (b. 1869 - d. 1961)
 4 Mar 1933 - 10 Sep 1940  James Aloysius Farley              (b. 1888 - d. 1976)
10 Sep 1940 -  8 May 1945  Frank Comerford Walker             (b. 1886 - d. 1959)
 8 May 1945 - 16 Dec 1947 
Robert Emmet Hennegan              (b. 1903 - d. 1949)
16 Dec 1947 - 20 Jan 1953  Jesse Monroe Donaldson             (b. 1885 - d. 1970)
21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  Arthur Ellsworth Summerfield       (b. 1899 - d. 1972)
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Sep 1963  J. Edward Day                      (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
30 Sep 1963 -  3 Nov 1965  John Austin Gronouski              (b. 1919 - d. 1996)
 3 Nov 1965 - 26 Apr 1968  Lawrence Francis O'Brien           (b. 1917 - d. 1990)
26 Apr 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  W. Marvin Watson                   (b. 1924 - d. 2017)   
22 Jan 1969 -  1 Jan 1972  Winton M. Blount                   (b. 1921 - d. 2002)
 1 Jan 1972 - 16 Feb 1975  E.T. "Ted" Klassen                 (b. 1908 - d. 1990)
16 Feb 1975 - 15 Mar 1978  Benjamin F. Bailar                 (b. 1934 - d. 2017)
15 Mar 1978 -  1 Jan 1985  William F. Bolger                  (b. 1923 - d. 1989)
 1 Jan 1985 -  7 Jan 1986  Paul N. Carlin                     (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
 7 Jan 1986 - 16 Aug 1986  Albert V. Casey                    (b. 1920 - d. 2004)
16 Aug 1986 -  1 Mar 1988  Preston Robert Tisch               (b. 1926 - d. 2005)
 1 Mar 1988 -  6 Jul 1992  Anthony M. Frank                   (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
 6 Jul 1992 - 16 May 1998  Marvin T. Runyon                   (b. 1924 - d. 2004)
16 May 1998 -  1 Jun 2001  William J. Henderson               (b. 1947)
 1 Jun 2001 -  3 Dec 2010  John E. Potter                     (b. 1956)
 3 Dec 2010 -  1 Feb 2015  Patrick R. Donahoe                 (b. 1955)
                             (acting to 6 Dec 2010)
 1 Feb 2015 -
15 Jun 2020  Megan J. Brennan (f)               (b. 1961)
15 Jun 2020 - 24 Mar 2025 
Louis DeJoy                        (b. 1957)
24 Mar 2025 -              Douglas Tulino (acting)            (b. 1957)



Department of the Treasury

[Flag of the U.S.
                      Secretary of the Treasury, 1887-1915] 1887 - 1915 [Flag of the U.S.
                      Secretary of the Treasury, 1915-1963] 1915 - 11 Jan 1963 [Flag of the Department of
                      the Treasury (U.S.)] Adopted 11 Jan 1963

Department of Treasury

 7 Feb 1781                Office of the Superintendent of Finance of the United States.
28 May 1784                Board of Treasury
 2 Sep 1789                Department of the Treasury

Superintendent of Finance
13 Mar 1781 -  1 Nov 1784  Robert Morris, Jr.                 (b. 1734 - d. 1806)
Commissioners of the Board of Treasury
Nov 1784 - 11 Sep 1789     Samuel Osgood                      (b. 1747 - d. 1813)
                           + Walter Livingston                (b. 1740 - d. 1797)
                           + Arthur Lee                       (b. 1740 - d. 1792)
Secretaries of the Treasury

11 Sep 1789 - 31 Jan 1795  Alexander Hamilton                 (b. 1757 - d. 1804)
 
2 Feb 1795 - 31 Dec 1800  Oliver Wolcott, Jr.                (b. 1760 - d. 1833)
 1 Jan 1801 - 13 May 1801  Samuel Dexter                      (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
14 May 1801 -  8 Feb 1814  Albert Gallatin                    (b. 1761 - d. 1849)
21 Apr 1813 -  8 Feb 1814  William Jones                      (b. 1760 - d. 1831)
                             (acting for absent Gallatin)
 9 Feb 1814 -  5 Oct 1814  George W. Campbell                 (b. 1769 - d. 1848)
 
6 Oct 1814 - 21 Oct 1816  Alexander J. Dallas                (b. 1759 - d. 1817)
21 Oct 1816 - 22 Oct 1816  William Jones (acting)             (s.a.)
22 Oct 1816 -  6 Mar 1825  William H. Crawford                (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
 7 Mar 1825 - 31 Jul 1825  Samuel L. Southard (acting)        (b. 1787 - d. 1842)
 1 Aug 1825 -  5 Mar 1829  Richard Rush                       (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
 6 Mar 1829 - 20 Jun 1831  Samuel D. Ingham                   (b. 1779 - d. 1860)
21 Jun 1831 -  8 Aug 1831  Asbury Dickens (acting)            (b. 1780 - d. 1861)
 8 Aug 1831 - 28 May 1833  Louis McLane                       (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
29 May
1833 - 22 Sep 1833  William J. Duane                   (b. 1780 - d. 1865)
23 Sep 1833 - 25 Jun 1834  Roger B. Taney                     (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
25 Jun 1834 -  1 Jul 1834  McClintock Young (1st time)(acting)(b. 1810 - d. 1863)
 1 Jul 1834 -  3 Mar 1841  Levi Woodbury                      (b. 1789 - d. 1851)
 4 Mar 1841 -  5 Mar 1841  McClintock Young (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
 5 Mar 1841 - 11 Sep 1841  Thomas Ewing                       (b. 1789 - d. 1871)
11 Sep 1841 - 13 Sep 1841  McClintock Young (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)
13 Sep 1841 -  1 Mar 1843  Walter Forward                     (b. 1786 - d. 1852)
 1 Mar 1843 -  8 Mar 1843  McClintock Young (4th time)(acting)(s.a.)
 8 Mar 1843 -  2 May 1844  John C. Spencer                    (b. 1788 - d. 1855)
 2 May 1844 -  4 Jul 1844  McClintock Young (5th time)(acting)(s.a.)
 4 Jul 1844 -  7 Mar 1845  George M. Bibb                     (b. 1776 - d. 1859)
 8 Mar 1845 -  5 Mar 1849  Robert J. Walker                   (b. 1801 - d. 1869)
 6 Mar 1849 -  8 Mar 1849  McClintock Young (6th time)(acting)(s.a.)
 8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850  William M. Meredith                (b. 1799 - d. 1873)
23 Jul 1850 -  6 Mar 1853  Thomas Corwin                      (b. 1794 - d. 1865)
 7 Mar 1853 -  6 Mar 1857  James Guthrie                      (b. 1792 - d. 1869)
 
7 Mar 1857 -  8 Dec 1860  Howell Cobb                        (b. 1815 - d. 1868)
 
9 Dec 1860 - 12 Dec 1860  Isaac Toucey (acting)              (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
12 Dec 1860 - 14 Jan 1861  Philipp F. Thomas                  (b. 1810 - d. 1890)
15 Jan 1861 -  6 Mar 1861  John A. Dix                        (b. 1789 - d. 1879)
 7 Mar 1861 - 30 Jun 1864  Salmon P. Chase                    (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
 1 Jul 1861 -  5 Jul 1864  George Harrington (1st time)       (b. 1815 - d. 1892)
                             (acting)
 5 Jul 1864 -  3 Mar 1865  William P. Fessenden               (b. 1806 - d. 1869)
 4 Mar 1865 -  9 Mar 1865  George Harrington (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)        
 9 Mar 1865 -  5 Mar 1869  Hugh McCulloch (1st time)          (b. 1808 - d. 1895)
 5 Mar 1869 - 11 Mar 1869  John F. Hartley (acting)           (b. 1809 - d. 1897)
12 Mar 1869 - 16 Mar 1873  George S. Boutwell                 (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
17 Mar 1873 -  3 Jun 1874  William A. Richardson              (b. 1821 - d. 1896)
 4 Jun 1874 - 20 Jun 1876  Benjamin H. Bristow                (b. 1832 - d. 1890)
21 Jun 1876 - 30 Jun 1876  Charles F. Conant (acting)         (b. 1835 - d. 1886)
 7 Jul 1876 -  9 Mar 1877  Lot M. Morrill                     (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
10 Mar 1877 -  3 Mar 1881  John Sherman                       (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
 4 Mar 1881 -  8 Mar 1881  Henry F. French (1st time)(acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1885)
 8 Mar 1881 - 13 Nov 1881  William H. Windom (1st time)       (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
14 Nov 1881 -  4 Sep 1884  Charles J. Folger                  (b. 1818 - d. 1884)
 4 Sep 1884 -  8 Sep 1884  Charles E. Coon (1st time)(acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1920)
 8 Sep 1884 - 15 Sep 1884
 Henry F. French (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
15 Sep 1884 - 24 Sep 1884  Charles E. Coon (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
24 Sep 1884 - 30 Oct 1884  Walter Q. Gresham                  (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
30 Oct 1884 - 30 Oct 1884  Henry F. French (3rd time)(acting) (s.a.)
31 Oct 1884 -  7 Mar 1885  Hugh McCulloch (2nd time)          (s.a.)
 8 Mar 1885 - 31 Mar 1887  Daniel Manning                     (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
 1 Apr 1887 -  6 Mar 1889  Charles S. Fairchild               (b. 1842 - d. 1924)
 7 Mar 1889 - 29 Jan 1891  William H. Windom (2nd time)       (s.a.)
30 Jan 1891 - 24 Feb 1891  Allured B. Nettleton (acting)      (b. 1840 - d. 1911)
25 Feb 1891 -  6 Mar 1893  Charles Foster                     (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
 
7 Mar 1893 -  5 Mar 1897  John G. Carlisle                   (b. 1835 - d. 1910)
 6
Mar 1897 - 31 Jan 1902  Lyman J. Gage                      (b. 1836 - d. 1927)
 1 Feb 1902 -  3 Mar 1907  Leslie M. Shaw                     (b. 1848 - d. 1932)
 4 Mar 1907 -  7 Mar 1909  George B. Cortelyou                (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
 8 Mar 1909 -  5 Mar 1913  Franklin MacVeagh                  (b. 1837 - d. 1934)
 6 Mar 1913 - 15 Dec 1918  William G. McAdoo                  (b. 1863 - d. 1941)
16 Dec 1918 -  1 Feb 1920  Carter Glass                       (b. 1858 - d. 1946)
 2 Feb 1920 -  3 Mar 1921  David F. Houston                   (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
 
4 Mar 1921 - 12 Feb 1932  Andrew W. Mellon                   (b. 1855 - d. 1937)
13 Feb 1932 -  4 Mar 1933  Ogden L. Mills                     (b. 1884 - d. 1937)
 
5 Mar 1933 - 17 Nov 1933  William H. Woodin                  (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
17 Nov 1933 - 22 Jul 1945  Henry Morgenthau, Jr.              (b. 1891 - d. 1967)
                             (acting to 1 Jan 1934)
23 Jul 1945 - 23 Jun 1946  Fred M. Vinson                     (b. 1890 - d. 1953)
23 Jun 1946 - 25 Jun 1946  O. Max Gardner (acting)            (b. 1882 - d. 1947)
25 Jun 1946 - 20 Jan 1953  John W. Snyder                     (b. 1895 - d. 1985)
21 Jan 1953 - 29 Jul 1957  George M. Humphrey                 (b. 1890 - d. 1970)
29 Jul 1957 - 20 Jan 1961  Robert B. Anderson                 (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
21 Jan 1961 -  1 Apr 1965  C. Douglas Dillon                  (b. 1909 - d. 2003)
 1 Apr 1965 - 20 Dec 1968  Henry H. Fowler                    (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
21 Dec 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  Joseph W. Barr                     (b. 1918 - d. 1996)
21 Jan 1969 - 10 Feb 1971  David M. Kennedy                   (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
11 Feb 1971 - 12 Jun 1972  John B. Connally                   (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
12 Jun 1972 -  7 May 1974  George P. Shultz                   (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
 
7 May 1974 - 20 Jan 1977  William E. Simon                   (b. 1927 - d. 2000)
21 Jan 1977 -  6 Aug 1979  W. Michael Blumenthal              (b. 1926)
 
6 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  G. William Miller                  (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
22 Jan 1981 -  2 Feb 1985  Donald Thomas Regan                (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
 3 Feb 1985 - 17 Aug 1988  James Addison Baker III            (b. 1930)
17 Aug 1988 - 15 Sep 1988  M. Peter McPherson (acting)        (b. 1940)
15 Sep 1988 - 17 Jan 1993  Nicholas F. Brady                  (b. 1930)
20 Jan 1993 - 23 Dec 1994  Lloyd M. Bentsen                   (b. 1921 - d. 2006)
23 Dec 1994 - 11 Jan 1995  Frank N. Newman (acting)           (b. 1942)
11 Jan 1995 -  2 Jul 1999  Robert E. Rubin                    (b. 1938)
 2 Jul 1999 - 20 Jan 2001  Lawrence H. Summers                (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002  Paul O'Neill                       (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 2003 -  3 Feb 2003  Kenneth W. Dam (acting)            (b. 1932 - d. 2022)
 3 Feb 2003 - 29 Jun 2006  John Snow                          (b. 1939)
29 Jun 2006 - 10 Jul 2006  Robert M. Kimmitt (acting)         (b. 1947)
10 Jul 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Henry "Hank" Merritt Paulson, Jr.  (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009  Stuart A. Levey (acting)           (b. 1963)
26 Jan 2009 - 
25 Jan 2013  Timothy "Tim" F. Geithner          (b. 1961)
26 Jan 2013 - 28 Feb 2013  Neal Wolin (acting)                (b. 1961)
28 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Jacob "Jack" J. Lew                (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2017 - 13 Feb 2017  Adam J. Szubin (acting)            (b. 1972)
13 Feb 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  Steven "Steve" T. Mnuchin          (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2021 -
26 Jan 2021  Andrew "Andy" P. Baukol (acting)   (b. 1964)
26 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Janet L. Yellen (f)                (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2025 - 28 Jan 2025  David A. Lebryk (acting)           (b. 1961)
28 Jan 2025 -              Scott K. Bessent                   (b. 1962)


Treasurers of the United Colonies

29 Jul 1775 - Mar 1778     Michael Hillegas                   (b. 1729 - d. 1804)
                           + George Clymer (to 6 Aug 1776)    (b. 1739 - d. 1813)
Treasurers of the United States
Mar 1778 - 11 Sep 1789     Michael Hillegas                   (s.a.)

11 Sep 1789 - 31 Oct 1801  Samuel Meredith                    (b. 1741 - d. 1817)
31 Oct 1801 -  1 Dec 1801  Vacant
 1 Dec 1801 -  2 May 1828  Thomas T. Tucker                   (b. 1745 - d. 1828)
 
2 May 1828 -  4 Jun 1828  Vacant
 4 Jun 1828 - 26 May 1829  William Clark                      (b. 1774 - d. 1851)
26 May 1829 - 20 Jul 1839  John Campbell                      (b. c.1789 - d. 1866)
22 Jul 1839 - 23 Nov 1850  William Selden                     (b. 1791 - d. 1874)
27 Nov 1850 -  1 Apr 1853  John Sloane                        (b. 1779 - d. 1856)
 4 Apr 1853 - 22 Dec 1859  Samuel L. Casey                    (b. 1821 - d. 1902)
22 Dec 1859 - 28 Feb 1860  Vacant
28 Feb 1860 - 16 Mar 1861  William C. Price                   (b. 1816 - d. 1901)
16 Mar 1861 - 30 Jun 1875  Francis E. Spinner                 (b. 1802 - d. 1890)
30 Jun 1875 -  1 Jul 1876  John C. New                        (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
 1 Jul 1876 - 30 Jun 1877  Albert U. Wyman (1st time)         (b. 1833 - d. 1915)
 1 Jul 1877 - 31 Mar 1883  James Gilfillan                    (b. 1836 - d. 1929)
 1 Apr 1883 - 30 Apr 1885  Albert U. Wyman (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 1 May 1885 - 23 May 1887  Conrad N. Jordan                   (b. 1830 - d. 1903)
24 May 1887 -  3 Mar 1889  James W. Hyatt                     (b. 1837 - d. 1893)
 
3 Mar 1889 - 11 May 1889  Vacant
11 May 1889 - 13 Apr 1891  James N. Huston                    (b. 1849 - d. 1927)
13 Apr 1891 - 25 Apr 1891  Vacant
25 Apr 1891 - 31 May 1893  Enos H. Nebecker                   (b. 1836 - d. 1913)
 1 Jun 1893 - 30 Jun 1897  Daniel N. Morgan                   (b. 1844 - d. 1931)
 1 Jul 1897 - 30 Jun 1905  Ellis H. Roberts                   (b. 1827 - d. 1918)
 1 Jul 1905 - 30 Oct 1909  Charles H. Treat                   (b. 1842 - d. 1910)
 1 Nov 1909 - 21 Nov 1912  Lee McClung                        (b. 1870 - d. 1914)
22 Nov 1912 - 31 Mar 1913  Carmi A. Thompson                  (b. 1870 - d. 1942)
 1 Apr 1913 -  5 Jan 1921  John Burke                         (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
 
5 Jan 1921 -  2 May 1921  Vacant
 2 May 1921 -  1 May 1928  Frank White                        (b. 1856 - d. 1940)
 
1 May 1928 - 31 May 1928  Vacant
31 May 1928 - 17 Jan 1929  Harold Theodore Tat
e               (b. 1875 - d. 1960)
18 Jan 1929 - 31 May 1933  Walter Orr Woods                   (b. 1873 - d. 1951)
 1 Jun 1933 - 29 May 1949  William A. Julian                  (b. 1860 - d. 1949)
29 May 1949 - 21 Jun 1949  Vacant
21 Jun 1949 - 27 Jan 1953  Georgia Neese Clark (f)            (b. 1900 - d. 1995)
28 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  Ivy Baker Priest (f)               (b. 1905 - d. 1975)
20 Jan 1961 - 31 Jan 1961  Vacant
31 Jan 1961 - 13 Apr 1962  Elizabeth Rudel Smith (f)          (b. 1911 - d. 1997)
13 Apr 1962 -  9 Jan 1963  Vacant
 9 Jan 1963 - 20 Nov 1966  Kathryn O'Hay Granahan (f)         (b. 1894 - d. 1979) 
20 Nov 1966 -  8 May 1969  Vacant
 8 May 1969 -  3 Jul 1971  Dorothy Andrews Elston (f)         (b. 1917 - d. 1971)
                             (from 17 Sep 1970, Dorothy Andrews Kabis) 
 
3 Jul 1971 - 17 Dec 1971  Vacant
17 Dec 1971 - 14 Feb 1974  Romana Acosta Bañuelos (f)         (b. 1925 - d. 2018)
14 Feb 1974 - 21 Jun 1974  Vacant
21 Jun 1974 - 19 Jan 1977  Francine Irving Neff (f)           (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
19 Jan 1977 - 12 Sep 1977  Vacant
12 Sep 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Azie Taylor Morton (f)             (b. 1936 - d. 2003)
20 Jan 1981 - 20 Mar 1981  Vacant
20 Mar 1981 -  5 Jul 1983  Angela M. "Bay" Buchanan (f)       (b. 1948)
 
5 Jul 1983 - 26 Sep 1983  Vacant
26 Sep 1983 -  1 Jul 1989  Katherine Davalos Ortega (f)       (b. 1934)
 
1 Jul 1989 - 11 Dec 1989  Vacant
11 Dec 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Catalina Vasquez Villalpando (f)   (b. 1940)
20 Jan 1993 -  1 Mar 1994  Vacant
 1 Mar 1994 - 20 Jan 2001  Mary Ellen Hinamon Withrow (f)     (b. 1930)
20 Jan 2001 - 16 Aug 2001  Vacant
16 Aug 2001 - 30 Jun 2003  Rosario Marin (f)                  (b. 1958)

30 Jun 2003 - 19 Jan 2005  Vacant
19 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Anna Escobedo Cabral (f)           (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2009 - 20 Aug 2009  Vacant
20 Aug 2009 -  8
Jul 2016  Rosa "Rosie" Gumataotao Rios (f)   (b. 1966)
 8 Jul 2016 - 17 Jun 2017  Vacant
17 Jun 2017 - 14 Jan 2020  Jovita Carranza (f)                (b. 1949)
14 Jan 2020 - 12 Sep 2022  Vacant
12 Sep 2022 - 15 Nov 2024 
Marilynn "Lynn" Roberge Malerba (f)(b. 1953)
16 Nov 2024 -              Patricia "Patty" S. Collins (f)
                             (acting)


U.S. Mint

U.S. Mint

 2 Apr 1792                Mint of the United States established (within State Department).
1799 -  3 Mar 1835         Becomes an independent agency.
 3 Mar 1835                Under the Department of the Treasury.
12 Feb 1873
                Part of the Department of the Treasury (Bureau of the Mint).
 9 Jan 1984                Renamed U.S. Mint.


Directors

13 Apr 1792 - Jun 1795     David Rittenhouse                  (b. 1732 - d. 1796)
Jul 1795 - 27 Oct 1795     Henry William de Saussure          (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
28 Oct 1795 - Jul 1805     Elias Boudinot                     (b. 1740 - d. 1821)
Jan 1806 - Jul 1824        Robert Patterson                   (b. 1743 - d. 1824)
Jul 1824 - Jul 1835        Samuel Moore                       (b. 1774 - d. 1861)
Jul 1835 - Jul 1851        Robert Maskell Patterson           (b. 1787 - d. 1854)
Jul 1851 - Apr 1853        George Nicholas Eckert             (b. 1802 - d. 1865) 
Apr 1853 - 30 May 1853     Thomas McKean Pettit               (b. 1797 - d. 1853)
Jun 1853 - Apr 1861        James Ross Snowden                 (b. 1809 - d. 1878)
May 1861 - Sep 1866        James Pollock (1st time)           (b. 1811 - d. 1890)
Oct 1866 - Apr 1867        William Millward                   (b. 1822 - d. 1871)
Apr 1867 - Apr 1869        Henry Richard Linderman (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1879)
May 1869 - Mar 1873        James Pollock (2nd time)           (s.a.) 
Apr 1873 - Dec 1878        Henry Richard Linderman (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1879 - Jun 1885        Horatio Chapin Burchard            (b. 1825 - d. 1908)
Jul 1885 - Oct 1889        James P. Kimball                   (b. 1836 - d. 1913) 
Oct 1889 - May 1893        Edward Owen Leech                  (b. 1850 - d. 1900)
Nov 1893 - Feb 1898        Robert Edward Preston              (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
Feb 1898 - Jul 1907        George E. Roberts (1st time)       (b. 1857 - d. 1948)
Sep 1907 - Nov 1909        Frank Aleomon Leach                (b. 1846 - d. 1929) 
Nov 1909 - Jun 1910        Abram Piatt Andrew                 (b. 1873 - d. 1936)
Jul 1910 - Nov 1914        George E. Roberts (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Mar 1915 - Jul 1916        Robert W. Woolley                  (b. 1871 - d. 1958) 
Sep 1916 - Feb 1917        Friedrich Johannes Hugo von        (b. 1881 - d. 1930)
                             Engelken
Mar 1917 - Mar 1922        Raymond T. Baker                   (b. 1877 - d. 1935)
Mar 1922 - Sep 1923        Frand Edeard Scobey                (b. 1866 - d. 1931)
Nov 1923 - May 1933        Robert J. Grant                    (b. 1862 - d. 1949)
May 1933 - Apr 1953        Nellie Davis Tayloe Ross (f)       (b. 1876 - d. 1977)
Jul 1954 - Jan 1961        William Howard Brett               (b. 1893 - d. 1989)
Oct 1961 - Aug 1969        Eva Adams (f)                      (b. 1908 - d. 1991)
Sep 1969 - Feb 1977        Mary Elizabeth Brooks (f)          (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
Nov 1977 - Apr 1981        Stella Bloomberg Hackel Sims (f)   (b. 1926)
Jul 1981 - Aug 1991        Donna Pope (f)                     (b. 1931 - d. 2023)
Sep 1992 - Nov 1993        David J. Ryder (1st time)          (b. 1955)
Jun 1994 - Mar 2000        Philip N. Diehl                    (b. 1951)
31 May 2000 - Aug 2001     Jay W. Johnson                     (b. 1943 - d. 2009)
 7 Aug 2001 - Aug 2005     Henrietta Holsman Fore (f)         (b. 1948)
Aug 2005 -  5 Sep 2006     David A. Lebryk (acting)           (b. 1961)
 5 Sep 2006 -  9 Jan 2011  Edmund C. Moy                      (b. 1957)
10 Jan 2011 - 14 Jan 2011  Andrew D. Brunhart (acting)
14 Jan 2011 - 25 Jan 2011  Rosa Gumataotao Rios (f)(acting)   (b. 1966)
25 Jan 2011 - 12 Jan 2015  Richard A. Peterson (acting)       (b. 1959?)
12 Jan 2015 - 20 Jan 2017  Matthew Rhett Jeppson (acting)     (b. 1974)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jan 2018  David Motl (acting)
 1 Feb 2018 - 12 Apr 2018  David M. Croft (acting)
12 Apr 2018 - 30 Sep 2021  David J. Ryder (2nd time)          (s.a.)
 1 Oct 2021 - 25 Oct 2021  Alison L. Doone (f) (acting)
25 Oct 2021 -              Ventris C. Gibson (f)              (b. 1956)
                             (acting to 22 Jun 2022)


Internal Revenue Service

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

 8 May 1792 - 31 Dec 1803  Office of the Commissioner of Revenue (within Treasury Department).
31 Jul 1813 - 31 Dec 1820  Office of the Commissioner of Revenue (restored).
 1 Jul 1862                Bureau of Internal Revenue (within Treasury Department).
 9 Jul 1953                Renamed Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (name in semi-official
                             use as early as 1918).

Commissioners of the Revenue
 
8 May 1792 - 16 Jan 1798  Tench Coxe                         (b. 1755 - d. 1825)
16 Jan 1798 - 31 Jan 1798  Doyle Sweeney (acting)
 1 Feb 1798 - 31 Dec 1803  William Miller, Jr.                (b. 17.. - d. 1807)
31 Dec 1803 - 31 Jul 1813  Post abolished
31 Jul 1813 - 31 Dec 1820  Samuel Harrison Smith              (b. 1771 - d. 1845) 
 
1 Jan 1821 - 12 Jul 1862  Post abolished
Commissioners of Internal Revenue
12 Jul 1862 -  4 Mar 1863  George Sewall Boutwell             (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
 5 Mar 1863 - 30 Jun 1865  Joseph J. Lewis                    (b. 1801 - d. 1883)
                             (acting to 17 Mar 1863)
 1 Jul 1865 - 31 Oct 1865  William Orton                      (b. 1826 - d. 1878)
 1 Nov 1865 - 10 Mar 1869  Edward Aashton Rollins             (b. 1828 - d. 1885)
11 Mar 1869 - 31 Oct 1870  Columbus Delano                    (b. 1809 - d. 1896)
 1 Nov 1870 -  2 Jan 1871  John Watkinson Douglass (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1909)
                             (acting)
 3 Jan 1871 -  8 Aug 1871  Alfred Pleasonton                  (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
 9 Aug 1871 - 14 May 1875  John Watinkson Douglass (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 May 1875 -  1 Aug 1876  Daniel Darwin Pratt                (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
 2 Aug 1876 - 30 Apr 1883  Green Berry Raum                   (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
 1 May 1883 - 10 May 1883  Henry C. Rogers (1st time)(acting)
11 May 1883 - 20 May 1883  John J. Knox (acting)              (b. 1828 - d. 1892)
21 May 1883 - 19 Mar 1885  Walter Evans                       (b. 1842 - d. 1923) 
20 Mar 1885 - 20 Mar 1889  Joseph S. Miller (1st time)        (b. 1842 - d. 1922)
21 Mar 1889 - 18 Apr 1893  John W. Mason                      (b. 1842 - d. 1917)
19 Apr 1893 - 26 Nov 1896  Joseph S. Miller (2nd time)        (s.a.)
27 Nov 1896 - 31 Dec 1897  Willaim St. John Forman            (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
 1 Jan 1898 - 28 Feb 1899  Nathan Bay Scott                   (b. 1842 - d. 1924)
 1 Mar 1899 - 27 Nov 1900  George West Wilson                 (b. 1859 - d. 1908)
28 Nov 1900 - 19 Dec 1900  Robert Williams, Jr. (acting)
20 Dec 1900 - 30 Apr 1907  John Watson Yerkes                 (b. 1854 - d. 1922)
 1 May 1907 -  4 Jun 1907  Henry C. Rogers (2nd time)(acting) 
 5 Jun 1907 - 31 Aug 1909  John Gendron Capers                (b. 1866 - d. 1919)
 1 Sep 1909 - 27 Apr 1913  Royal E. Cabell                    (b. 1878 - d. 1950)
28 Apr 1913 - 25 Sep 1917  William H. Osborn                  (b. 1856 - d. 1921)
26 Sep 1917 - 31 Mar 1920  Daniel Calhoun Roper               (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
 1 Apr 1920 - 11 Apr 1921  William M. Williams                (b. 1877 - d. 1932)
12 Apr 1921 - 26 May 1921  Millard Farror West (acting)       (b. 1877 - d. 1938)
27 May 1921 - 31 May 1929  David H. Blair                     (b. 1868 - d. 1945)
 1 Jun 1929 - 15 Aug 1930  Robert Hendry Lucas                (b. 1888 - d. 1947)
16 Aug 1930 - 19 Aug 1930  Harris F. Mires (acting)           (b. 1879 - d. 1953)
20 Aug 1930 - 15 May 1933  David Burnet                       (b. 1886 - d. 1962)
16 May 1933 -  5 Jun 1933  Pressly Reid Baldridge (acting)    (b. 1897 - d. 1956)
 6 Jun 1933 -  8 Oct 1943  Guy Tresilian Helvering            (b. 1878 - d. 1946)
 9 Oct 1943 - 22 Jan 1944  Robert Emmet Hannegan              (b. 1903 - d. 1949)
23 Jan 1944 - 29 Feb 1944  Harold N. Graves (acting)          (b. 1887 - d. 1966)
 1 Mar 1944 - 30 Jun 1947  Joseph Daly Nunan, Jr.             (b. 1897 - d. 1968)
 1 Jul 1947 - 31 Jul 1951  George J. Schoeneman               (b. 1889 - d. 1966)
 1 Aug 1951 - 18 Nov 1952  John B. Dunlap                     (b. 1903 - d. 1964)
19 Nov 1952 - 19 Jan 1953  John S. Graham (acting)            (b. 1905 - d. 1976)
20 Jan 1953 -  3 Feb 1953  Justin F. Winkle (acting)          (b. 1911 - d. 1962)
 4 Feb 1953 - 31 Oct 1955  T. Coleman Andrews                 (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
 1 Nov 1955 -  4 Dec 1955  O. Gordon Delk (1st time) (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1990)
 5 Dec 1955 - 30 Sep 1958  Russell C. Harrington              (b. 1890 - d. 1971)
 1 Oct 1958 -  4 Nov 1958  O. Gordon Delk (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1958 - 20 Jan 1961  Dana Latham                        (b. 1898 - d. 1974)
21 Jan 1961 -  6 Feb 1961  Charles I. Fox (acting)            (b. 1899 - d. 1996)
 7 Feb 1961 - 10 Jul 1964  Mortimer M. Caplin                 (b. 1916 - d. 2019)
11 Jul 1964 - 24 Jan 1965  Bertrand M. Harding (acting)       (b. 1919 - d. 2002)
25 Jan 1965 - 20 Jan 1969  Sheldon S. Cohen                   (b. 1927 - d. 2018)
21 Jan 1969 - 31 Mar 1969  William H. Smith (acting)
 1 Apr 1969 - 22 Jun 1971  Randolph W. Thrower                (b. 1913 - d. 2014)
23 Jun 1971 -  5 Aug 1971  Harold T. Swartz (acting)          (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
 6 Aug 1971 - 30 Apr 1973  Johnnie M. Walters                 (b. 1919 - d. 2014)
 1 May 1973 - 25 May 1973  Raymond F. Harless (acting)        (b. 1919 - d. 2001)
25 May 1973 - 26 Feb 1977  Donald C. Alexander                (b. 1921 - d. 2009)
27 Feb 1977 -  4 May 1977  William E. Williams (1st time)     (b. 1922 - d. 2009)
                             (acting)
 5 May 1977 - 31 Oct 1980  Jerome Kurtz                       (b. 1931 - d. 2015)
 1 Nov 1980 - 13 Mar 1981  William E. Williams (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
14 Mar 1981 - 30 Apr 1986  Roscoe L. Egger, Jr.               (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
 1 May 1986 -  3 Aug 1986  James I. Owens (acting)            (b. 1933 - d. 2019)
 4 Aug 1986 -  4 Mar 1989  Lawrence B. Gibbs                  (b. 1938)
 5 Mar 1989 -  4 Jul 1989  Michael J. Murphy (acting)         (b. 1936 - d. 2022)
 5 Jul 1989 -  2 Feb 1992  Fred Goldberg, Jr.                 (b. 1947)
 3 Feb 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Shirley D. Peterson (f)            (b. 1941)
21 Jan 1993 - 26 May 1993  Michael P. Dolan (1st time)        (b. 1948)
                             (acting)
27 May 1993 - 31 May 1997  Margaret Milner Richardson (f)     (b. 1943 - d. 2021)
 1 Jun 1997 - 12 Nov 1997  Michael P. Dolan (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting)
13 Nov 1997 -  6 Nov 2002  Charles O. Rossotti                (b. 1941)
 6 Nov 2002 -  1 May 2003  Robert E. Wenzel (acting)
 1 May 2003 -  4 May 2007  Mark W. Everson                    (b. 1954)
 4 May 2007 - 10 Sep 2007  Kevin M. Brown (acting)
10 Sep 2007 - 24 Mar 2008  Linda E. Stiff (f) (acting)        (b. 1952?)
24 Mar 2008 -  9 Nov 2012  Douglas H. Shulman                 (b. 1967)

10 Nov 2012 - 22 May 2013  Steven T. Miller (acting)          (b. 1956?)
22 May 2013 - 23 Dec 2013  Daniel I. Werfel (1st time)(acting)(b. 1971)
23 Dec 2013 - 12 Nov 2017  John A. Koskinen                   (b. 1939)
13 Nov 2017 -  1 Oct 2018  David J. Kautter (acting)          (b. 1948)
 1 Oct 2018 - 12 Nov 2022  Charles P. Rettig                  (b. 1956)
13 Nov 2022 - 13 Mar 2023  Douglas O'Donnell (1st time)(acting)
13 Mar 2023 - 20 Jan 2025  Daniel I. Werfel (2nd time)        (s.a.)
20 Jan 2025 - 28 Feb 2025  Douglas O'Donnell (2nd time)(acting) 
25 Feb 2025 -              Melanie Krause (f) (acting)


Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

[flag of the Office of the Comptroller of the
                Currency (Treasury Department)]

Comptroller of the Currency

25 Feb 1863                Office of the Comptroller of the Currency established
                             (
within the Treasury Department).

Comptrollers of the Currency
 9 May 1863 -  8 Mar 1865  Hugh McCulloch
                    (b. 1808 - d. 1895)
21 Mar 1865 - 24 Jul 1866  Freeman Clarke                     (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
24 Jul 1866 -  3 Apr 1872  Hiland R. Hulburd                  (b. 1829 - d. 1880)
                             (acting to 1 Feb 1867)
25 Apr 1872 - 30 Apr 1884  John Jay Knox                      (b. 1828 - d. 1892)
 1 May 1884 - 12 May 1884  John S. Langworthy (acting)        (b. 1832 - d. 1908)
12 May 1884 -  1 Mar 1886  Henry W. Cannon                    (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
 2 Mar 1886 - 20 Apr 1886  Valentine P. Snyder (acting)       (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
20 Apr 1886 - 30 Apr 1889  William L. Trenholm                (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
 1 May 1889 - 30 Jun 1892  Edward S. Lacey                    (b. 1835 - d. 1916)
 1 Jul 1892 -  2 Aug 1892  Robert M. Nixon (acting)           (b. 1842 - d. 1896)
 2 Aug 1892 - 25 Apr 1893  A. Barton Hepburn                  (b. 1846 - d. 1922)
26 Apr 1893 - 31 Dec 1897  James H. Eckels                    (b. 1858 - d. 1907)
 1 Jan 1898 - 30 Sep 1901  Charles G. Dawes                   (b. 1865 - d. 1951)
 1 Oct 1901 - 28 Mar 1908  William Barret Ridgely             (b. 1858 - d. 1920)
29 Mar 1908 - 27 Apr 1908  Thomas P. Kane (1st time)(acting)  (b. 1848 - d. 1923)
27 Apr 1908 - 27 Apr 1913  Lawrence O. Murray                 (b. 1864 - d. 1926)
28 Apr 1913 -  2 Feb 1914  Thomas P. Kane (2nd time)(acting)  (s.a.)
 2 Feb 1914 -  2 Mar 1921  John Skelton Williams              (b. 1865 - d. 1926)
17 Mar 1921 - 30 Mar 1923  
Daniel Richard Crissinger          (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
 1 May 1923 - 17 Dec 1924  Henry M. Dawes                     (b. 1877 - d. 1952)
20 Dec 1924 - 20 Nov 1928  Joseph W. McIntosh                 (b. 1873 - d. 1952)
21 Nov 1928 - 20 Sep 1932  John W. Pole                       (b. 1870 - d. 1958)
20 Sep 1932 - 11 May 1933  Francis G. Awalt (acting)          (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
11 May 1933 - 16 Apr 1938  James Francis Thaddeus
O'Connor    (b. 1886 - d. 1949)
17 Apr 1938 - 30 Sep 1938  Marshall R. Diggs (acting)         (b. 1888 - d. 1968)
30 Sep 1938 - 24 Oct 1938  Cyril B. Upham (acting)            (b. 1894 - d. 1988)
24 Oct 1938 - 15 Feb 1953  Preston Delano                     (b. 1886 - d. 1961)

15 Feb 1953 - 16 Apr 1953  Lewellyn A. Jennings (acting)      (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
16 Apr 1953 - 15 Nov 1961  Ray M. Gidney                      (b. 1887 - d. 1978)
16 Nov 1961 - 15 Nov 1966  James J. Saxon                     (b. 1914 - d. 1980)

16 Nov 1966 - 23 Mar 1973  William B. Camp                    (b. 1913 - d. 1975)
23 Mar 1973 -  5 Jul 1973  Justin Thomas Watson (acting)      (b. 1920 - d. 1987)
 5 Jul 1973 - 31 Jul 1976  James E. Smith                     (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
31 Jul 1976 - 21 Jul 1977  Robert Bloom (acting)              (b. 1922 - d. 2002)
21 Jul 1977 - 15 May 1981  John G. Heimann                    (b. 1929 - d. 2024)
16 May 1981 - 15 Dec 1981  Charles E. Lord II (acting)        (b. 1928 - d. 1993)
16 Dec 1981 -  4 May 1985  C. Todd Conover                    (b. 1939 - d. 2018)
 4 May 1985 -  2 Dec 1985  H. Joe Selby (acting)              (b. 1931 - d. 2007)
 2 Dec 1985 - 29 Feb 1992  Robert L. Clarke                   (b. 1942)
 1 Mar 1992 -  5 Apr 1993  Stephen R. Steinbrink (acting)     (b. 1944 - d. 2022)
 5 Apr 1993 -  4 Apr 1998  Eugene "Gene" A. Ludwig            (b. 1946)

 4 Apr 1998 -  8 Dec 1998  
Julie L. Williams (f)(1st time)
                             (acting)

 8 Dec 1998 - 14 Oct 2004  John D. Hawke, Jr.                 (b. 1933 - d. 2022)
14 Oct 2004 -  4 Aug 2005  Julie L. Williams (f)(2nd time)
                             (acting)
 4 Aug 2005 - 14 Aug 2010  John C. Dugan                      (b. 1955)
15 Aug 2010 -  9 Apr 2012  John G. Walsh (acting)             (b. 1950)
 9 Apr 2012 -  5 May 2017  Thomas J. Curry                    (b. 1957)
 5 May 2017 - 27 Nov 2017  Keith A. Noreika (acting)
27 Nov 2017 - 29 May 2020  Joseph M. Otting                   (b. 1962)
29 May 2020 - 14 Jan 2021  Brian P. Brooks (acting)           (b. 1969)
14 Jan 2021 - 10 May 2021  Blake Paulson (acting)
10 May 2021 -
10 Feb 2025  Michael J. Hsu (acting)
10 Feb 2025 -              Rodney E. Hood (acting)            (b. 1967)



Department of Justice

[Flag of U.S.
                        Department of Justice]
Adopted 1932?

Department of Justice (DOJ)

24 Sep 1789                Office of Attorney General
 1 Mar 1792                Attorney General becomes a cabinet member.
 
1 Jul 1870                Department of Justice created.

Attorneys General
26 Sep 1789 -  2 Jan 1794
  Edmund Randolph                    (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
29 Jan 1794 – 23 Aug 1795  William Bradford                   (b. 1755 - d. 1795)
10 Dec 1795 –  3 Mar 1801  Charles Lee                        (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
 5 Mar 1801 - 31 Dec 1804  Levi Lincoln                       (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
 1 Jan 1804 -  7 Aug 1805  Vacant
 3 Mar 1805 -  7 Aug 1805  Robert Smith                       (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
                             (did not take office)  
 7 Aug 1805 - 14 Dec 1806  John Breckinridge                  (b. 1760 - d. 1806)
14 Dec 1806 - 20 Jan 1807  Vacant
20 Jan 1807 -  5 Dec 1811  Caesar A. Rodney                   (b. 1772 - d. 1824)
 6 Jan 1812 - 10 Feb 1814  William Pinkney                    (b. 1764 - d. 1822)
11 Feb 1814 - 30 Oct 1817  Richard Rush                       (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
15 Nov 1817 -  3 Mar 1829  William Wirt                       (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
 9 Mar 1829 - 22 Jun 1831  John M. Berrien                    (b. 1781 - d. 1856)
20 Jul 1831 - 23 Sep 1833  Roger B. Taney                     (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
18 Nov 1833 - 31 Aug 1838  Benjamin F. Butler                 (b. 1795 - d. 1858)
 1 Sep 1838 - 14 Dec 1839  Felix Grundy                       (b. 1777 - d. 1840)
11 Jan 1840 -  3 Mar 1841  Henry D. Gilpin                    (b. 1801 - d. 1860)
 6 Mar 1841 - 11 Sep 1841  John J. Crittenden (1st time)      (b. 1786 - d. 1863)
13 Sep 1841 - 20 Jun 1843  Hugh S. Legaré                     (b. 1797 - d. 1843)
 1 Jul 1843 -  4 Mar 1845  John Nelson                        (b. 1794 - d. 1860)
 5 Mar 1845 -  9 Sep 1846  John Y. Mason                      (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
18 Oct 1846 - 18 Mar 1848  Nathan Clifford                    (b. 1803 - d. 1881)
29 Jun 1848 -  7 Mar 1849  Isaac Toucey                       (b. 1792 - d. 1869)
 8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850  Reverdy Johnson                    (b. 1796 - d. 1876)
14 Aug 1850 -  7 Mar 1853  John J. Crittenden (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 8 Mar 1853 - 10 Mar 1857  Caleb Cushing                      (b. 1800 - d. 1879)
11 Mar 1857 - 17 Dec 1860  Jeremiah Sullivan Black            (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
22 Dec 1860 -  5 Mar 1861  Edwin McMasters Stanton            (b. 1814 - d. 1869)
 6 Mar 1861 - 30 Nov 1864  Edward Bates                       (b. 1793 - d. 1869)
22 Jun 1863 -  5 Dec 1864  Titian James Coffey                (b. 1824 - d. 1867)
                             (acting [for Bates to 30 Nov 1864])
 5 Dec 1864 - 16 Jul 1866  James Speed                        (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
17 Jul 1866 - 24 Jul 1866  J. Hubley Ashton (1st time)(acting)(b. 1836 - d. 1907)
24 Jul 1866 - 12 Mar 1868  Henry Stanberry                    (b. 1803 - d. 1881)
13 Mar 1868 - 19 Jul 1868  Orville H. Browning (acting)       (b. 1806 - d. 1881)
20 Jul 1868 -  4 Mar 1869  William M. Evarts                  (b. 1818 - d. 1901)
 5 Mar 1869 - 10 Mar 1869  J. Hubley Ashton (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
11 Mar 1869 -  7 Jul 1870  Ebenezer R. Hoar                   (b. 1816 - d. 1895)
 8 Jul 1870 -  9 Jan 1872  Amos T. Akerman                    (b. 1821 - d. 1880)
10 Jan 1872 - 15 May 1875  George H. Williams                 (b. 1823 - d. 1910)
15 May 1875 - 31 May 1876  Edwards Pierrepont                 (b. 1817 - d. 1892)
 1 Jun 1876 - 11 Mar 1877  Alphonso Taft                      (b. 1810 - d. 1891)
12 Mar 1877 -  7 Mar 1881  Charles Devens                     (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
 7 Mar 1881 - 14 Nov 1881  Wayne MacVeagh                     (b. 1833 - d. 1917)
14 Nov 1881 –  2 Jan 1882  Samuel F. Phillips (acting)        (b. 1824 - d. 1903)   
 3 Jan 1882 -  8 Mar 1885  Benjamin H. Brewster               (b. 1816 - d. 1888)
 9 Mar 1885 -  5 Mar 1889  Augustus H. Garland                (b. 1832 - d. 1899)
 6 Mar 1889 -  6 Mar 1893  William H.H. Miller                (b. 1840 - d. 1917)
 7 Mar 1893 -  9 Jun 1895  Richard Olney                      (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
11 Jun 1895 -  6 Mar 1897  Judson Harmon                      (b. 1846 - d. 1927)
 7 Mar 1897 - 26 Jan 1898  Joseph McKenna                     (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
26 Jan 1898 – 31 Jan 1898  John K. Richards (1st time)(acting)(b. 1856 - d. 1909)
 1 Feb 1898 – 31 Mar 1901  John W. Griggs                     (b. 1849 - d. 1927)
 1 Apr 1901 -  9 Apr 1901  John K. Richards (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) 
10 Apr 1901 – 30 Jun 1904  Philander Chase Knox               (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
 1 Jul 1904 - 17 Dec 1906  William H. Moody                   (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
17 Dec 1906 -  4 Mar 1909  Charles J. Bonaparte               (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
 5 Mar 1909 -  5 Mar 1913  George W. Wickersham               (b. 1858 - d. 1936)
 5 Mar 1913 - 29 Aug 1914  James C. McReynolds                (b. 1862 - d. 1946)

29 Aug 1914 -  4 Mar 1919  Thomas W. Gregory                  (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
 5 Mar 1919 -  5 Mar 1921  A. Mitchell Palmer                 (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
 
5 Mar 1921 - 28 Mar 1924  Harry M. Daugherty                 (b. 1860 - d. 1941)
 
7 Apr 1924 -  1 Mar 1925  Harlan Fiske Stone                 (b. 1872 - d. 1946)
 1 Mar
1925 - 17 Mar 1925  James Montgomery Beck (acting)     (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
17 Mar 1925 -  5 Mar 1929  John G. Sargent                    (b. 1860 - d. 1939)
 
5 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  William D. Mitchell                (b. 1874 - d. 1955)
 4 Mar 1933 -  2 Jan 1939  Homer S. Cummings                  (b. 1870 - d. 1956)
 2 Jan 1939 - 18 Jan 1940  Francis W. Murphy                  (b. 1890 - d. 1949)
                            
(acting to 17 Jan 1939)
18 Jan 1940 - 10 Jul 1941  Robert H. Jackson                  (b. 1892 - d. 1954)
11 Jul 1941 - 30 Jun 1945
  Francis Biddle                     (b. 1886 - d. 1968)
                             (acting to 5 Sep 1941)
 1 Jul 1945 - 26 Jul 1949
  Thomas C. Clark                    (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
27 Jul 1949 -  3 Apr 1952  James Howard McGrath               (b. 1903 - d. 1966)
 
4 Apr 1952 - 20 Jan 1953  James P. McGranery                 (b. 1895 - d. 1962)
21 Jan 1953 -  8 Nov 1957  Herbert Brownell, Jr.              (b. 1904 - d. 1996)
 8 Nov 1957 - 20 Jan 1961
  William P. Rogers                  (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
                            
(acting to 27 Jan 1958)
20 Jan 1961 -  3 Sep 1964  Robert F. Kennedy                  (b. 1925 - d. 1968)
23 Nov 1963 -  4 Dec 1963  Nicholas de Belleville Katzenbach  (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 
                             (acting for Kennedy)
 4 Sep 1964 - 30 Sep 1966  Nicholas de Belleville Katzenbach  (s.a.)
                             (acting to 28 Jan 1965)
30 Sep 1966 - 20 Jan 1969  William Ramsey Clark               (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
                             (acting to 10 Mar 1967)
20 Jan 1969 - 15 Feb 1972  John N. Mitchell                   (b. 1913 - d. 1988)
15 Feb 1972 - 25 May 1973  Richard G. Kleindienst             (b. 1923 - d. 2000)
                            
(acting to 12 Jun 1972)
25 May 1973 - 20 Oct 1973  Elliot Richardson                  (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
20 Oct 1973 -  4 Jan 1974  Robert H. Bork (acting)            (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
 4 Jan 1974 - 14 Jan 1975
  William B. Saxbe                   (b. 1916 - d. 2010)
14 Jan 1975 - 20 Jan 1977
  Edward H. Levi                     (b. 1911 - d. 2000)
20 Jan 1977 - 26 Jan 1977  Richard L. Thornburgh (1st time)   (b. 1932 - d. 2020)
                             (acting)

26 Jan 1977 - 16 Aug 1979  Griffin B. Bell                    (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
16 Aug 1979 - 19 Jan 1981  Benjamin R. Civiletti              (b. 1935 - d. 2022) 
20 Jan 1981 - 23 Jan 1981  Charles B. Renfrew (acting)        (b. 1928 - d. 2017)
23 Jan 1981 - 24 Feb 1985  William F. Smith                   (b. 1917 - d. 1990)
25 Feb 1985 - 12 Aug 1988  Edwin Meese III                    (b. 1931)
12 Aug 1988 - 15 Aug 1991  Richard L. Thornburgh (2nd time)   (s.a.)
15 Aug 1991 - 20 Jan 1993  William P. Barr (1st time)         (b. 1950)
                             (acting to 26 Nov 1991)
20 Jan 1993 - 12 Mar 1993  Stuart M. Gerson (acting)          (b. 1944)
12 Mar 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  Janet Wood Reno (f)                (b. 1938 - d. 2016)
20 Jan 2001 -  2 Feb 2001  Eric H. Holder, Jr. (1st time)     (b. 1951)
                             (acting)                   
 
2 Feb 2001 -  3 Feb 2005  John David Ashcroft                (b. 1942)
 3 Feb 2005 - 17 Sep 2007  Alberto Gonzales                   (b. 1955)
17 Sep 2007 - 18 Sep 2007  
Paul D. Clement (acting)           (b. 1966)
18 Sep 2007 -  9 Nov 2007  Peter D. Keisler (acting)          (b. 1960)
 9 Nov 2007 - 20 Jan 2009  Michael B. Mukasey                 (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2009 -  3 Feb 2009  Mark Filip (acting)                (b. 1966)
 3 Feb 2009 - 27 Apr 2015
  Eric H. Holder, Jr. (2nd time)     (s.a.)
27 Apr 2015 - 20 Jan 2017  Loretta E. Lynch (f)               (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 30 Jan 2017  Sally Q. Yates (f) (acting)        (b. 1960)
30 Jan 2017 -  9 Feb 2017  Dana J. Boente (acting)            (b. 1954)
 9 Feb 2017 - 
7 Nov 2018  Jefferson "Jeff" B. Sessions III   (b. 1946)
 7 Nov 2018 -
14 Feb 2019  Matthew G. Whitaker (acting)       (b. 1969)
14 Feb 2019 - 23 Dec 2020 
William P. Barr (2nd time)         (s.a.)
24 Dec 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Jeffrey A. Rosen (acting)          (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 -
11 Mar 2021  Robert Montague "Monty" Wilkinson
                             (acting)
11 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Merrick B. Garland                 (b. 1952)     
20 Jan 2025 -  5 Feb 2025  James R. McHenry III (acting) 
 5 Feb 2025 -              Pamela "Pam" Jo Bondi (f)          (b. 1965)


Solicitors General

[flag of the Solicitor
                General of the United States]

Office of the Solicitor General

 1 Jul 1870                Office of the Solicitor General created to supervise and
                             conduct government litigation in the U.S. Supreme Court.

Solicitors General
11 Oct 1870 - 15 Nov 1872  Benjamin Helm Bristow              (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
15 Nov 1872 -  1 May 1885  Samuel Field Phillips              (b. 1824 - d. 1903)
 
1 May 1885 -  5 Aug 1886  John Goode                         (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
 
5 Aug 1886 - 29 May 1889  George Augustus Jenks              (b. 1836 - d. 1908)
29 May 1889 - 19 Jan 1890  Orlow W. Chapman                   (b. 1832 - d. 1890)
 
4 Feb 1890 - 20 Mar 1892  William Howard Taft                (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
21 Mar 1892 - 28 May 1893  Charles Henry Aldrich              (b. 1850 - d. 1929)
28 May 1893 - 30 Jan 1895  Lawrence Maxwell, Jr.              (b. 1853 - d. 1927)
 
6 Feb 1895 -  1 Jul 1897  Holmes Conrad                      (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
 1
Jul 1897 - 16 Mar 1903  John Kelvey Richards               (b. 1856 - d. 1909)
16 Mar 1903 - 31 Mar 1909  Henry Martyn Hoyt                  (b. 1856 - d. 1910) 
 1
Apr 1909 -  9 Sep 1910  Lloyd Wheaton Bowers               (b. 1859 - d. 1910)
12 Dec 1910 - 15 Jul 1912  Frederick Wheaton Lehmann          (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
16 Jul 1912 - 11 Mar 1913  William Marshall Bullitt           (b. 1873 - d. 1957)
30 Aug 1913 - 26 Nov 1918  John William Davis                 (b. 1873 - d. 1955)
27 Nov 1918 - 23 May 1920  Alexander Campbell King            (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
 
1 Jun 1920 - 30 Jun 1921  William Little Frierson            (b. 1869 - d. 1953)
30 Jun 1921 -  7 Jun 1925  James Montgomery Beck              (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
 
8 Jun 1925 -  5 Mar 1929  William De Witt Mitchell           (b. 1874 - d. 1955)
27 May 1929 - 16 Apr 1930  Charles Evans Hughes, Jr.          (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
17 Apr 1930 -  4 May 1933  Thomas Day Thacher                 (b. 1881 - d. 1950)
 
5 May 1933 - 24 Mar 1935  James Crawford Biggs               (b. 1872 - d. 1960)
25 Mar 1935 - 30 Jan 1938  Stanley Forman Reed                (b. 1884 - d. 1980)
 
5 Mar 1938 - 17 Jan 1940  Robert Houghwout Jackson           (b. 1892 - d. 1954)
22 Jan 1940 -  4 Sep 1941  Francis Beverley Biddle            (b. 1886 - d. 1968)
15 Nov 1941 - 27 Sep 1945  Charles Fahy                       (b. 1892 - d. 1979)
 
8 Oct 1945 -  7 Oct 1946  James Howard McGrath               (b. 1903 - d. 1966)
31 Jul 1947 - 15 Aug 1952  Philip Benjamin Perlman            (b. 1890 - d. 1960)
 
2 Dec 1952 -  1 Mar 1953  Walter Joseph Cummings, Jr.        (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
25 Feb 1954 - 19 Jul 1956  Simon Ernest Sobeloff              (b. 1894 - d. 1973)
 
4 Aug 1956 - 23 Jan 1961  James Lee Rankin                   (b. 1907 - d. 1996)
24 Jan 1961 - 31 Jul 1965  Archibald Cox                      (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
11 Aug 1965 - 30 Aug 1967  Thurgood Marshall                  (b. 1908 - d. 1993)
12 Oct 1967 - 25 Jun 1973  Erwin Nathaniel Griswold           (b. 1904 - d. 1994)
27 Jun 1973 - 20 Jan 1977  Robert H. Bork                     (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
20 Jan 1977 - 28 Mar 1977  Daniel M. Friedman (acting)        (b. 1916 - d. 2011)
28 Mar 1977 -  5 Aug 1981  Wade Hampton McCree, Jr.           (b. 1920 - d. 1987)
 
6 Aug 1981 - 31 May 1985  Rex E. Lee                         (b. 1935 - d. 1996)
 1 Jun 1985 - 20 Jan 1989  Charles Anthony Fried              (b. 1935 - d. 2024)
                             (acting to 23 Oct 1985)
20 Jan 1989 - 27 May 1989  William C. Bryson (1st time)       (b. 1945)
                             (acting)

27 May 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Kenneth "Ken" W. Starr             (b. 1946 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 1993 - 28 May 1993  William C. Bryson (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)

28 May 1993 - 30 Jun 1996  Drew Saunders Days III             (b. 1941 - d. 2020)
 
1 Jul 1996 - 13 Nov 1997  Walter E. Dellinger III (acting)   (b. 1941 - d. 2022)
13 Nov 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Seth P. Waxman                     (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2001 - 11 Jun 2001  Barbara Dale Underwood (f) (acting)(b. 1944)
11 Jun 2001 - 12 Jul 2004  Theodore "Ted" B. Olson            (b. 1940 - d. 2024)
13 Jul 2004 -  2 Jun 2008  Paul D. Clement                    (b. 1966)
                             (acting to 13 Jun 2005)
 2 Jun 2008 - 20 Jan 2009  Gregory G. Garre                   (b. 1964)
                             (acting to 6 Oct 2008)
20 Jan 2009 - 20 Mar 2009  Edwin S. Kneedler (acting)         (b. 1946)
20 Mar 2009 -  5 Aug 2010  Elena Kagan (f)                    (b. 1960)
10 May 2010 -  9 Jun 2011  Neal K. Katyal                     (b. 1970)
                             (acting [for Kagan to 5 Aug 2010])
 9 Jun 2011 - 24 Jun 2016  Donald Verrilli                    (b. 1957)
25 Jun 2016 - 20 Jan 2017  Ian H. Gershengorn (acting)        (b. 1967)
23 Jan 2017 - 10 Mar 2017  Noel J. Francisco (1st time)       (b. 1969)
                             (acting)
10 Mar 2017 - 19 Sep 2017  Jeffrey B. Wall (1st time)         (b. 1976)   
                             (acting)
19 Sep 2017 - 
3 Jul 2020  Noel J. Francisco (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 3 Jul 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Jeffrey B. Wall (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (acting)
20 Jan 2021 -
11 Aug 2021  Elizabeth Barchas Prelogar (f)     (b. 1980)
                             (1st time)(acting)
11 Aug 2021 - 28 Oct 2021  Brian H. Fletcher (acting)
28 Oct 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Elizabeth Barchas Prelogar (f)     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
20 Jan 2025 - 
4 Apr 2025  Sarah M. Harris (f)(acting)
 4 Apr 2025 -              Dean J. Sauer                      (b. 1974)


Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

[Flag of Federal Bureau of
                Investigation (FBI)]

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 

26 Jul 1908                Office of the Chief Examiner of the Special Agent Force
                             of the Department of Justice.
26 Mar 1909                Bureau of Investigation
 1 Jul 1932                U.S. Bureau of Investigation
10 Aug 1933                Division of Investigation
 1 Jul 1935                Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Chief Examiner
26 Jul 1908 - 26 Mar 1909  Stanley Wellington Finch           (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
Chiefs

26 Mar 1909 - 30 Apr 1912  Stanley Wellington Finch           (s.a.)

30 Apr 1912 - 10 Feb 1919  Alexander Bruce Bielaski           (b. 1883 - d. 1964)
10 Feb 1919 - 30 Jun 1919  William E. Allen (acting)          (b. 1880 - d. 1960)
Directors
 1 Jul 1919 - 21 Aug 1921  William James Flynn                (b. 1867 - d. 1928)
22 Aug 1921 - 10 May 1924  William John Burns                 (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
10 May 1924 -  2 May 1972  John Edgar Hoover                  (b. 1895 - d. 1972)
                             (acting to 10 Dec 1924)
 
2 May 1972 -  3 May 1973  Clyde A. Tolson (acting)           (b. 1900 - d. 1975)
 3 May 1972 - 27 Apr 1973  L. Patrick Gray III (acting)       (b. 1916 - d. 2005)

30 Apr 1973 -  9 Jul 1973  William Doyle Ruckelshaus (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
 9 Jul 1973 - 15 Feb 1978  Clarence M. Kelley                 (b. 1911 - d. 1997)
15 Feb 1978 - 23 Feb 1978  James B. Adams (acting)            (b. 1926 - d. 2020)
23 Feb 1978 - 25 May 1987  William H. Webster                 (b. 1924)
26 May 1987 -  2 Nov 1987  John E. Otto (acting)              (b. 1938 - d. 2020)
 2 Nov 1987 - 19 Jul 1993  William S. Sessions                (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
19 Jul 1993 -  1 Sep 1993  Floyd I. Clarke (acting)           (b. 1942)
 1 Sep 1993 - 25 Jun 2001  Louis J. Freeh                     (b. 1950)
25 Jun 2001 -  4 Sep 2001  Thomas J. Pickard (acting)         (b. 1950)
 4 Sep 2001 -  4 Sep 2013  Robert S. Mueller III              (b. 1944)
 4 Sep 2013 -  9 May 2017  James B. Comey, Jr.                (b. 1960)
 9 May 2017 -  2 Aug 2017  Andrew G. McCabe (acting)          (b. 1968)
 2 Aug 2017 - 19 Jan 2025  Christopher A. Wray                (b. 1966
)
19 Jan 2025 - 20 Jan 2025  Paul M. Abbate (acting)            (b. 1968)
20 Jan 2025 -
21 Feb 2025  Brian Driscoll (acting)            (b. 1979?) 
21 Feb 2025 -              Kashyap "Kash" P. Patel            (b. 1980)           


Federal Bureau of Prisons

[Federal Bureau of
                Prisons flag (U.S.)]

Federal Bureau of Prisons

 3 Mar 1891                Three Prisons Act of 1891 creates the federal prison system
                             (within Department of Justice, under the
General Agent).
 1 Oct 1907                Office of the Superintendent of Prisons and
Prisoners 
                             established (within Department of Justice).
25 Jun 1910                Office of the Superintendent of Prisons
14 May 1930                Federal Bureau of Prisons (within Department of Justice).

General Agents, Department of Justice
1889 - 1893                Elijah C. Foster                  (b. 1844 - d. 1906)
1893 - 25 Jul 1903         Frank Strong (2nd time)           (b. 1838 - d. 1903)
 7 Oct 1903 - 23 Sep 1907  Cecil Clay                        (b. 1842 - d. 1907)
Superintendent of Prisons and Prisoners

 
1 Oct 1907 - 25 Jun 1910  Robert V. LaDow                   (b. 1859 - d. 19..)
Superintendents of Prisons
25 Jun 1910 - 1915         Robert V. LaDow                   (s.a.)
1915 - 1920                Francis Harvey Duehay             (b. 1863 - d. 1934)
Jan 1920 -  6 Apr 1921     Denver Sylvester Dickerson        (b. 1872 - d. 1925)
 
6 Apr 1921 -  3 Mar 1925  Heber H. Votaw                    (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
25 Mar 1925 -  1 Jul 1926  Luther Clark White                (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
 2 Jul 1926 -  2 Jan 1927  William Thomas Hammack (acting)   (b. 1883 - d. 19..)
 
3 Jan 1927 - 31 May 1929  Albert H. Conner
 
1 Jun 1929 - 31 May 1930  Sanford Bates                     (b. 1884 - d. 1972)
Directors, Federal Bureau of Prisons
 
1 Jun 1930 -  1 Feb 1937  Sanford Bates                     (s.a.)
 
1 Feb 1937 - 28 Aug 1964  James Van Bentschoten Bennett     (b. 1894 - d. 1978)
 
1 Sep 1964 - 31 Jan 1970  Myrl E. Alexander                 (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
25 Mar 1970 -  3 Jul 1987  Norman A. Carlson                 (b. 1933 - d. 2020)
 7 Jul 1987 -  4 Dec 1992  Joseph Michael Quinlan            (b. 1941 - d. 2023)
 4 Dec 1992 -  4 Apr 2003  Kathleen Hawk Sawyer (f)(1st time)(b. c.1950)
 4 Apr 2003 -  7 May 2011  Harley G. Lappin III              (b. 1956)
 7 May 2011 - 21 Dec 2011  Thomas R. Kane (1st time)(acting)
21 Dec 2011 -  9 Jan 2016  Charles E. Samuels, Jr.           (b. 1966)
10 Jan 2016 - 18 Sep 2017  Thomas R. Kane (2nd time)(acting)
18 Sep 2017 - 18 May 2018  Mark S. Inch
19 May 2018 -
19 Aug 2019  Hugh J. Hurwitz (acting)
19 Aug 2019 - 25 Feb 2020  Kathleen Hawk Sawyer (f)(2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting)
25 Feb 2020 -  2 Aug 2022  Michael D. Carvajal
 2 Aug 2022 - 20 Jan 2025  Colette S. Peters (f)
20 Jan 2025 - 28 Feb 2025  William "Bill" W. Lothrop (acting)
28 Feb 2025 -              Kathleen "Kathy" Toomey (f)
                             (acting) 


Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

[Drug Enforcement
                        Administration (DEA) flag (U.S.)]
DEA Flag Adopted c.1973

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

28 Oct 1919                Office of Prohibition Commissioner (under Department of Treasury).
 1 Apr 1927 - Dec 1933     Bureau of Prohibition (under Department of Treasury).
14 Jun 1930                Bureau of Narcotics (under Department of Treasury).
28 Apr 1968                Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD)(within
                             Department of Justice).
28 Jan 1972                Office for Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE)(within
                             Department of Justice).
 1 Jul 1973                Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)(within
                             Department of Justice).

Commissioners of Prohibition 
17 Nov 1919 - 1921         John F. Kramer                     (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
1921 - 1927                Roy Asa Haynes                     (b. 1881 - d. 1940)
1927 - 1930                James J.M. Doran                   (b. 1885 - d. 1942)
Director of of Prohibition
1930 - 1933                Amos W.W. Woodcock                 (b. 1883 - d. 1964)

Commissioners of Narcotics
1930 - 1962                Harry Jacob Anslinger              (b. 1892 - d. 1975)
1962 - 1968                Henry L. Giordano                  (b. 1914 - d. 2003)
Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
1968 - 1973                John "Jack" E. Ingersoll           (b. 1929 - d. 2023)
Director of the Office for Drug Abuse Law Enforcement
28 Jan 1972 - 1973         Myles J. Ambrose                   (b. 1926 - d. 2014)
Administrators of the Drug Enforcement Administration
 4 Oct 1973 - 30 May 1975  John R. Bartels, Jr.               (b. 1934 - d. 2025)
30 May 1975 - 23 Jan 1976  Henry S. Dogin (acting)            (b. 1934)
23 Jan 1976 - 10 Jul 1981  Peter B. Bensinger                 (b. 1936)
                             (acting to 23 Feb 1976)
10 Jul 1981 -  1 Mar 1985  Francis M. "Bud" Mullen, Jr.       (b. 1934)
                             (acting to 10 Nov 1983)
 1 Mar 1985 - 23 Mar 1990  John "Jack" C. Lawn                (b. 1935)
                             (acting to 26 Jul 1985)    
23 Mar 1990 - 12 Aug 1990  Terrence M. Burke (acting)         (b. 1947)
12 Aug 1990 - 31 Oct 1993  Robert C. Bonner                   (b. 1942)
 
1 Nov 1993 - 15 Apr 1994  Stephen H. Greene (acting)
15 Apr 1994 -  2 Jul 1999  Thomas A. Constantine              (b. 1938 - d. 2015)
 2 Jul 1999 - 30 Jun 2001  Donnie R. Marshall                 (b. 1947)
                             (acting to 19 Jun 2000)
30 Jun 2001 -  8 Aug 2001  William B. Simpkins (acting)
 8 Aug 2001 - 29 Jan 2003  Asa Hutchinson                     (b. 1950)
29 Jan 2003 - 17 Sep 2003  John B. Brown III (acting)
17 Sep 2003 - 22 Oct 2007  Karen Pomerantz Tandy (f)          (b. 1953)
22 Oct 2007 - 13 May 2015  Michele M. Leonhart (f)            (b. 1956)
                             (acting to 22 Dec 2010)
13 May 2015 -  1 Oct 2017  Charles "Chuck" Rosenberg (acting) (b. 1960)
 2 Oct 2017 - 30 Jun 2018  Robert W. Patterson (acting)
 1 Jul 2018 -  3 Jul 2018  Preston L. Grubbs (acting)
 3 Jul 2018 - 19 May 2020  Uttam Dhillon (acting)             (b. 1960)
19 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Timothy "Tim" J. Shea (acting)
20 Jan 2021 -
28 Jun 2021  D. Christopher Evans (acting)
28 Jun 2021 - Jan 2025     Anne M. Milgram (f)                (b. 1970)
Jan 2025 - 20 Jan 2025     George S. Papadopoulos (acting)
20 Jan 2025 -              Derek S. Maltz (acting)
  


Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)

[former Bureau of Alcohol,
                      Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) flag to 2003] ATF Flag to 2003
[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
                      Explosives (ATF) Flag] Adopted 2003

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATF)

10 May 1934                Alcohol Tax Unit (ATU) of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
                             (within Department of Treasury).
 1 Jul 1951                Renamed Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Division (ATTD) of IRS.
19 Jun 1968                Renamed Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division (ATFD) of IRS.
 1 Jul 1972                Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), separated  
                             from the IRS (within Department of Treasury).
24 Jan 2003                Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
                             (ATF)(within Department of Justice).

Deputy Commissioners of Internal Revenue, Alcohol Tax Unit
1934 - 1935                Arthur J. Mellott                  (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
 1 Sep 1935 - 1946         William Stewart Berkshire          (b. 1891 - d. 1987)
 1 Jul 1946 -  5 Oct 1951  Carroll E. Mealey                  (b. 1893 - d. 1963)
Directors of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Division
1951 - 1964                Dwight E. Avis                     (b. 1901 - d. 1982)
1964 - 1968                Harold A. Serr                     (b. 1903 - d. 1997)
Directors of the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division
1968 - 1970                Harold A. Serr                     (s.a.)
1970 - 1972                Rex D. Davis                       (b. 1924 - d. 2008)
Directors of
the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
1972 - Jul 1978            Rex D. Davis                       (s.a.)
1978 - 1982                Glenn Robert Dickerson             (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
1982 - 1993                Stephen E. Higgins                 (b. 1938)
Oct 1993 - 20 Dec 1999     John W. Magaw                      (b. 1935)
20 Dec 1999 - 24 Jan 2003  Bradley A. Buckles                 (b. 1949)
Directors of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
24 Jan 2003 -  3 Jan 2004  Bradley A. Buckles (acting)        (s.a.)
 4 Jan 2004 - 18 Apr 2004  Edgar A. Domenech (1st time)       (b. 1962?)
                             (acting)
18 Apr 2004 -  8 Aug 2006  Carl J. Truscott                   (b. 1957)
                             (acting to 17 May 2004)
 8 Aug 2006 - 31 Aug 2006  Edgar A. Domenech (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
31 Aug 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Michael J. Sullivan (acting)       (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2009 - 12 Apr 2009  Ronnie A. Carter (acting)          (b. 1953?)
12 Apr 2009 - 30 Aug 2011  Kenneth E. Melson (acting)
31 Aug 2011 -  1 Apr 2015  B. Todd Jones
                     (b. 1957)
                             (acting to 29 Aug 2013)

 1 Apr 2015 - 30 Apr 2019  Thomas E. Brandon (acting)
 1 May 2019 -  3 Jun 2021  Regina "Reggie" Lombardo (f)       (b. 1962)
                             (acting)
 4 Jun 2021 - 25 Apr 2022  Marvin G. Richardson (1st time)
                             (acting)
25 Apr 2022 - 13 Jul 2022  Gary M. Restaino (acting)          (b. 1968)
13 Jul 2022 - 18 Jan 2025  Steve M. Dettelbach                (b. 1965)
18 Jan 2025 -
24 Feb 2025  Marvin G. Richardson (2nd time)
                             (acting)

24 Feb 2025 -  9 Apr 2025  Kashyap "Kash" P. Patel (acting)   (b. 1980) 
 9 Apr 2025 -              Daniel "Dan" P. Driscoll (acting)  (b. 1986)


U.S. Marshals Service

[U.S. Marshals Service
                      flag] Adopted 17 Jan 1986
 [U.S. Marshals Service
                      Flag variant]
USMS Variant

U.S. Marshals Service

24 Sep 1789                Office of the United States Marshal established by the Judiciary
                             Act of 1789 (authorizing the appointment of one marshal for each
                             federal judicial district)(within Department of State).
 
1 Jul 1870                Within the Department of Justice.
17 Dec 1957                Executive Office for the U.S. Marshals (within Justice Department).
12 May 1969
               U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) established (within Justice
                             Department).

Chiefs, Executive Office for the United States Marshals
20 Dec 1957 - 21 Jun 1962  Clive W. Palmer                    (b. 1901 - d. 1992)
21 Jun 1962 - 24 Dec 1968  James J.P.
McShane                 (b. 1909 - d. 1968)
Dec 1968 - Mar 1969        John "Jack" W. Cameron (acting)
 5 Mar 1969 -  4 Sep 1969  Carl C. Turner                     (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
Directors of the
United States Marshals Service
Sep 1969 - Mar 1970        Donald "Don" A. Synnott (acting)   (b. 1921 - d. 1992)
16 Jan 1970 - 23 May 1976  Wayne B.
Colburn                   (b. 1919 - d. 1983)
23 May 1976 - 23 Oct 1983  William E. Hall                    (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
23 Oct 1983 -  6 Nov 1989  Stanley E. Morris
                  (b. 1942)
26 Nov 1989 - 24 Feb 1992  Kevin Michael Moore                (b. 1951)
24 Feb 1992 - 17 Oct 1993  Henry E. Hudson                    (b. 1947)
                             (acting to 12 Aug 1992)
17 Oct 1993 - 18 Nov 1993  John J.
Twomey (acting)            (b. 1936 - d. 2017)
18 Nov 1993 - 19 Jun 1999  Eduardo Gonzalez                   (b. 1940 - d. 2014)
21 Jun 1999 - 17 Nov 1999  George R. "Ray" Havens (acting)    (b. 1943?)
17 Nov 1999 - 21 Jan 2001  John W.
Marshall                   (b. 1958)
21 Jan 2001 - 30 Oct 2001  Louis T.
McKinney (acting)
30 Oct 2001 - 31 Jul 2005  Benigno "Ben" G.
Reyna             (b. 1957)
 1 Aug 2005 - 31 Dec 2010  John F. Clark
                             (acting to 17 Mar 2006)
31 Dec 2010 - 26 Jul 2015  Stacia A. Hylton (f)               (b. 1960)
26 Jul 2015 -  4 Jan 2018  David L. Harlow (acting)
 4 Jan 2018 - 29 Mar 2019  David J. Anderson (acting)
29 Mar 2019 - 27 Sep 2021  Donald W. Washington               (b. 1955)
27 Sep 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Ronald L. Davis                    (b. c.1964)
20 Jan 2025 -              Mark P. Pittella (acting)



Department of the Interior
[flag of Secretary
                        of Department of Interior to 1917 (U.S.)]
to 1917
[U.S. Department of the
                        Interior flag 1917-1934]
1917 - 1934
[U.S. Department of the Interior flag
                        1934-c.1949]
1934 - c.1949
[U.S. Department
                        of the Interior flag]
Adopted c.1949



Department of the Interior (DOI)

 3 Mar 1849                Department of the Interior.

Secretaries
 8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850  Thomas Ewing                       (b. 1789 - d. 1871)
23 Jul 1850 - 15 Aug 1850  Daniel C. Goddard (1st time)       (b. 1822 - d. 1852)
                             (acting)                   
15 Aug 1850 - 26 Aug 1850  Thomas M.T. McKennan               (b. 1794 - d. 1852)
27 Aug 1850 - 16 Sep 1850  Daniel C. Goddard (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)    
16 Sep 1850 -  7 Mar 1853  Alexander H.H. Stuart              (b. 1807 - d. 1891)
 
8 Mar 1853 -  9 Mar 1857  Robert McClelland                  (b. 1807 - d. 1880)
10
Mar 1857 - 10 Jan 1861  Jacob Thompson                     (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
10 Jan 1861 -  5 Mar 1861  Moses Kelly (acting)
 5 Mar 1861 -
31 Dec 1862  Caleb B. Smith                     (b. 1808 - d. 1864)
 1 Jan 1863 - 15 May 1865  John P. Usher                      (b. 1816 - d. 1889)
                             (acting to 7 Jan 1863)
16 May 1865 - 31 Aug 1866  James Harlan                       (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
 
1 Sep 1866 -  4 Mar 1869  Orville H. Browning                (b. 1806 - d. 1881)
 
5 Mar 1869 -  9 Mar 1869  William T. Otto (acting)           (b. 1816 - d. 1905)
 9 Mar 1869 - 31 Oct
1870  Jacob D. Cox                       (b. 1828 - d. 1900)
 1 Nov 1870 - 30 Sep 1875  Columbus Delano                    (b. 1809 - d. 1896)
 1 Oct 1875 - 19 Oct 1875  Benjamin R. Cowen (acting)         (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
19 Oct 1875 - 11 Mar 1877  Zachariah Chandler                 (b. 1813 - d. 1879)
12 Mar 1877 -  7 Mar 1881  Carl Schurz                        (b. 1829 - d. 1906)
 
8 Mar 1881 - 17 Apr 1882  Samuel J. Kirkwood                 (b. 1813 - d. 1894)
18 Apr 1882 -  3 Mar 1885  Henry M. Teller                    (b. 1830 - d. 1914)
 4 Mar 1885 -  6 Mar 1885  Merritt L. Joslyn (acting)         (b. 1825 - d. 1905)
 6 Mar 1885 - 10 Jan 1888  Lucius Q.C. Lamar                  (b. 1825 - d. 1893)
11 Jan 1888 - 16 Jan 1888  Henry L. Muldrow (acting)          (b. 1837 - d. 1905)
16 Jan 1888 -  6 Mar 1889  William F. Vilas                   (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
 
7 Mar 1889 -  6 Mar 1893  John W. Noble                      (b. 1831 - d. 1912)
 6 Mar 1893 -  1 Sep 1896  M. Hoke Smith                      (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
 1 Sep 1896 -  3 Sep 1896  John M. Reynolds (acting)          (b. 1848 - d. 1933)
 3 Sep 1896 -  5 Mar 1897  David R. Francis                   (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
 
6 Mar 1897 - 19 Feb 1899  Cornelius N. Bliss                 (b. 1833 - d. 1911)
20 Feb 1899 -  4 Mar 1907  Ethan A. Hitchcock                 (b. 1835 - d. 1909)
 
5 Mar 1907 -  5 Mar 1909  James R. Garfield                  (b. 1865 - d. 1950)
 
6 Mar 1909 - 12 Mar 1911  Richard A. Ballinger               (b. 1858 - d. 1922)
13
Mar 1911 -  5 Mar 1913  Walter Lowrie Fisher               (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
 
6 Mar 1913 - 29 Feb 1920  Franklin Knight Lane               (b. 1864 - d. 1921)
 
1 Mar 1920 - 15 Mar 1920  Alexander T. Vogelsang (acting)    (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
15 Mar 1920 -  4 Mar 1921  John Barton Payne                  (b. 1855 - d. 1935)
 5 Mar 1921 -  4 Mar 1923  Albert B. Fall                     (b. 1861 - d. 1944)
 5 Mar 1923 - 24 Jul 1928  Hubert Work                        (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
25 Jul 1928 -  4 Mar 1929  Roy O. West                        (b. 1868 - d. 1958)
                            
(acting to 21 Jan 1929)
 5 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Ray Lyman Wilbur                   (b. 1875 - d. 1949)
 4 Mar 1933 - 15 Feb 1946  Harold L. Ickes                    (b. 1874 - d. 1952)
15 Feb 1946 - 18 Mar 1946  Oscar L. Chapman (1st time)(acting)(b. 1896 - d. 1978)
18 Mar 1946 -  1 Dec 1949  Julius A. Krug                     (b. 1907 - d. 1970)
 1 Dec 1949 - 20 Jan 1953  Oscar L. Chapman (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                            
(acting to 18 Jan 1950)
21 Jan 1953 - 15 Apr 1956  Douglas McKay                      (b. 1893 - d. 1959)
15 Apr 1956 -  8 Jun 1956  Clarence A. Davis (acting)         (b. 1892 - d. 1974)
 8 Jun 1956 - 20 Jan 1961  Fred A. Seaton                     (b. 1909 - d. 1974)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969  Stewart L. Udall                   (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
20 Jan 1969 - 24 Jan 1969  J. Cordell Moore (acting)          (b. 1912 - d. 2001)
24 Jan 1969 - 25 Nov 1970  Walter J. Hickel                   (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
26 Nov 1970 - 29 Jan 1971  Fred J. Russell (acting)           (b. 1916 - d. 2007)
29 Jan 1971 - 30 Apr 1975  Rogers C.B. Morton                 (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
 1 May 1975 - 12 Jun 1975  
D. Kent Frizzell (1st time)(acting)(b. 1929 - d. 2016)
12 Jun 1975 -  9 Oct 1975  Stanley K. Hathaway                (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
 
9 Oct 1975 - 17 Oct 1975  D. Kent Frizzell (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
17 Oct 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  Thomas S. Kleppe                   (b. 1919 - d. 2007)
20 Jan 1977 - 23 Jan 1977  H. Gregory Austin (acting)         (b. 1936)
24 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Cecil D. Andrus                    (b. 1931 - d. 2017)
23 Jan 1981 -  8 Nov 1983  James G. Watt                      (b. 1938 - d. 2023)
 8 Nov 1983 - 18 Nov 1983  Joseph Jacob "Jake" Simmons III    (b. 1925 - d. 2002)
                             (acting)
18 Nov 1983 -  7 Feb 1985  William P. Clark                   (b. 1931 - d. 2013)
 
8 Feb 1985 - 20 Jan 1989  Donald P. Hodel                    (b. 1935)
20 Jan 1989 -  8 Feb 1989  Earl E. Gjelde (acting)            (b. 1944)
 8 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Manuel Lujan, Jr.                  (b. 1928 - d. 2019)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  Bruce Babbitt                      (b. 1938)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2001  Thomas N. Slonaker
(acting)        (b. 1934)
31 Jan 2001 - 31 Mar 2006  Gale Norton (f)                    (b. 1954)
 1 Apr 2006 - 26 May 2006  P. Lynn Scarlett (f)(1st time)     (b. 1949)
                             (acting)   
                
26 May 2006 - 19 Jan 2009  Dirk Arthur Kempthorne             (b. 1951)
19 Jan 2009 - 21 Jan 2009 
P. Lynn Scarlett (f)(2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
21 Jan 2009 - 12 Apr 2013  Kenneth "Ken" Lee Salazar          (b. 1955)
12 Apr 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Sally R. Jewell (f)                (b. 1956) 
20 Jan 2017 -  1 Mar 2017 
Kevin "Jack" Haugrud (acting)
 1 Mar 2017 - 
2 Jan 2019  Ryan K. Zinke                      (b. 1961)
 2 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  David L. Bernhardt                 (b. 1969)
                             (acting to 11 Apr 2019)
20 Jan 2021 -
16 Mar 2021  Scott de la Vega (acting)
16 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Debra "Deb" A. Haaland (f)         (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2025 -  1 Feb 2025  Walter Cruickshank (acting)
 
1 Feb 2025 -              Douglas "Doug" J. Burgum           (b. 1956)


Bureau of Indian Affairs

[Bureau of Indian Affairs
                flag (Department of Interior)(U.S.)]

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

20 Aug 1789                Secretaries of War responsible for American
                             Indian Affairs.
18 Apr 1796 - 21 Apr 1806  Indian Trading Houses (supervised by War Department).
21 Apr 1806 -  6 May 1822  Office of the Superintendent of Indian Tra
de
                             (
under the War Department).
11 Mar 1824                Bureau of Indian Affairs
(within War Department).
 9 Jul 1832                Commissioner of Indian Affairs post established
                             (within the War Department).
29 Jul 1834                Office of Indian Affairs organized.
 3 Mar 1849                Transferred to Department of the Interior.
17 Sep 1947                Renamed Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Administrators of Indian Affairs
20 Aug 1789 -  9 Jul 1832  the Secretaries of War
Superintendents of the Indian Trading Houses (Factories)
11 Nov 1796 - 11 May 1801  John Harris                        (b. 1753 - d. 1838)
                            (keeper of Military Stores and superintendent
                             for the Indian Trading Houses)
11 May 1801 - 29 Jul 1804  William Irvine                     (b. 1741 - d. 1804)
                            (superintendent of Military Stores and superintendent
                             for the Indian Trading Houses
)
29 Jul 1804 - 26 Mar 1805  George W. Ingels                   (b. 1746 - d. 1827)
                            (superintendent of Military Stores and superintendent
                             for the Indian Trade)
26 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1806  William Davy                       (b. 1757 - d. 1827)
                            (superintendent of the Indian Trade)
Superintendent
s of Indian Trade
 8 Jul 1806 - Oct 1807     John Shee                          (b. 1740 - d. 1808)
Oct 1807 -  1 Apr 1816     John M. Mason                      (b. 1766 - d. 1849)
12 Apr 1816 -  6 May 1822  
Thomas L. McKenny                  (b. 1785 - d. 1859)
S
uperintendents of the Indian Affairs Office
28 May 1822 - 12 Mar 1824  William Clark                      (b. 1770 - d. 1838)
12 Mar 1824 - 16 Aug 1830  Thomas L. McKenny (chief clerk)    (s.a.)
30 Sep 1830 - 31 Aug 1831  Samuel S. Hamilton (chief clerk)   (b. c.1780 - d. 1832)
31 Aug 1831 -  9 Jul 1832  Elbert Herring (chief clerk)       (b. 1777 - d. 1876)
Commissioners of Indian Affairs
10 Jul 1832 -  2 Jul 1836  Elbert Herring                     (s.a.)
 4 Jul 1836 - 19 Oct 1838  Carey Allen Harris                 (b. 1806 - d. 1842)
22 Oct 1838 - 28 Oct 1845  Thomas Hartley Crawford            (b. 1786 - d. 1863)
28 Oct 1845 - 30 Jun 1849  William Medill                     (b. 1802 - d. 1865)
30 Jun 1849 -  1 Jul 1850  Orlando Brown                      (b. 1801 - d. 1867)
 1 Jul 1850 - 24 Mar 1853  Luke Lea                           (b. 1810 - d. 1898)
31 Mar 1853 - 30 Mar 1857  George W. Manypenny                (b. 1808 - d. 1892)
17 Apr 1857 -  2 Dec 1857  James William Denver (1st time)    (b. 1817 - d. 1892)
14 Jun 1858 -  8 Nov 1858  Charles E. Mix (acting)            (b. 1810 - d. 1878)
 8 Nov 1858 - 31 Mar 1859  James William Denver (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 4 May 1859 - 13 Apr 1861  Alfred Burton Greenwood            (b. 1811 - d. 1889)
13 Apr 1861 - 11 Jul 1865  William P. Dole                    (b. 1811 - d. 1889)
10 Jul 1865 -  1 Nov 1866  Dennis Nelson Cooley               (b. 1825 - d. 1892)
 1 Nov 1866 - 29 Mar 1867  Lewis V. Bogy                      (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
29 Mar 1867 - 21 Apr 1869  Nathaniel Green Taylor             (b. 1819 - d. 1887)
21 Apr 1869 - 24 Jul 1871  Ely S. Parker                      (b. 1828 - d. 1895)
24 Jul 1871 - 27 Nov 1871  Henry R. Clum (1st time) (acting)  (b. 1830 - d. 1896)
27 Nov 1871 -  1 Jan 1873  Francis A. Walker                  (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
                             (acting to 16 Dec 1871)
 
1 Jan 1873 - 17 Mar 1873  Henry R. Clum (2nd time) (acting)  (s.a.)
17 Mar 1873 - 11 Dec 1875  Edward P. Smith                    (b. 1827 - d. 1876)
11 Dec 1875 - 21 Sep 1877  John Quincy Smith                  (b. 1824 - d. 1901)
21 Sep 1877 - 29 Jan 1880  Ezra A. Hayt                       (b. 1823 - d. 1902)
                             (acting to 12 Dec 1877)
30 Jan 1880 - 15 Mar 1880  Edgar M. Marble (acting)           (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
15 Mar 1880 - 19 Mar 1881  Rowland E. Trowbridge              (b. 1821 - d. 1881)
14 Apr 1881 - 26 Mar 1885  Hiram Price                        (b. 1814 - d. 1901)
                             (acting to
6 May 1881)
26 Mar 1885 - 14 Jun 1888  John DeWitt Clinton Atkins         (b. 1825 - d. 1908)
10 Oct 1888 - 30 Jun 1889  John H. Oberly                     (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
 
1 Jul 1889 -  3 Mar 1893  Thomas Jefferson Morgan            (b. 1839 - d. 1902)
13 Apr 1893 -  3 May 1897  Daniel M. Browning                 (b. 1846 - d. 1903)
 3 May 1897 -  1 Jan 1905  William A. Jones                   (b. 1849 - d. 1918)
 1 Jan 1905 - 18 Jun 1909  Francis E. Leupp                   (b. 1849 - d. 1918)
19 Jun 1909 - 10 Sep 1912  Robert G. Valentine                (b. 1872 - d. 1916)
 2 Jun 1913 - 29 Mar 1921  Cato Sells                         (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
 7 May 1921 - 18 Apr 1929  Charles Henry Burke                (b. 1861 - d. 1944)
18 Apr 1929 - 20 Apr 1933  Charles James Rhoads               (b. 1872 - d. 1956)
21 Apr 1933 - 22 Jan 1945  John Collier                       (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
 6 Mar 1945 -  3 Jun 1948  William A. Brophy                  (b. 1903 - d. 1962)
Jan 1947 - 13 Apr 1949     William R. Zimmerman, Jr.          (b. 1890 - d. 1967)
                             (acting [for Brophy to 3 Jun 1948])
13 Apr 1949 - 23 Mar 1950  John R. Nichols                    (b. 1889 - d. 1968)
 5 May 1950 - 19 Mar 1953  Dillon S. Myer                     (b. 1891 - d. 1982)
10 Aug 1953 -  7 Jan 1961  Glenn L. Emmons                    (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
10 Feb 1961 - Sep 1961     John Orien Crow (acting)           (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
26 Sep 1961 - 15 Mar 1966  Philleo Nash                       (b. 1909 - d. 1987)
27 Apr 1966 - 31 May 1969  Robert LaFollette Bennett          (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
 8 Aug 1969 - 20 Jan 1973  Louis Rook Bruce, Jr.              (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
 
7 Feb 1973 -  4 Dec 1973  Marvin Lyle Franklin (acting)      (b. 1916 - d. 2016)
                             (assistant to the Secretary for Indian Affairs)
 4 Dec 1973 -  3 Nov 1976  Morris Thompson                    (b. 1939 - d. 2000)
Nov 1976 -  7 Dec 1976     Raymond V. Butler (1st time)(acting)
 7 Dec 1976 - 28 Jan 1977  Benjamin "Ben" Reifel              (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Jan 1977 - 15 Sep 1977     Raymond V. Butler (2nd time)(acting)
27 Oct 1978 - 30 Jul 1979  Martin E. Seneca, Jr. (1st time)   (b. 1941 - d. 2008)
                             (acting)
30 Jul 1979 - 16 Nov 1979  Sidney "Sid" Leroy Mills (acting)  (b. 1925 - d. 2020)
16 Nov 1979 - 19 Jan 1981  William Edward Hallett             (b. 1942 - d. 1992)
1981                       Martin E. Seneca, Jr. (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
1981                       Theodore C. Krenzke (acting)       (b. 1930)
1981 - 20 Apr 1981         Maurice W. "Bill" Babby (acting)   (b. 1934)
20 Apr 1981 - 13 Dec 1981  Kenneth L. Payton (acting)         (b. 1926 - d. 1995)
                            (acting deputy assistant secretary-Indian Affairs for Operations)
Assistant Secretaries of the Interior for Indian Affairs

13 Oct 1977 - 19 Jan 1980  Forrest J. Gerard                  (b. 1925 - d. 2013)
19 Jan 1980 - Jul 1980     Sidney "Sid" Leroy Mills (acting)  (s.a.)
Aug 1980 - 16 Jan 1981     Thomas W. Fredericks               (b. 1943)
                             (acting to 2 Jan 1981)
16 Jan 1981 - 15 May 1981  James F. Canan (acting)            (b. 1926 - d. 2009)     
15 May 1981 -  7 Dec 1984  Kenneth "Ken" L. Smith             (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
 7 Dec 1984 -  5 Dec 1985  John W. Fritz (acting)             (b. 1948 - d. 2006)
 
5 Dec 1985 - 29 Jan 1989  Ross O. Swimmer                    (b. 1943)
29 Jan 1989 - 26 Jun 1989  William Patrick "Pat" Ragsdale
                             (acting)
26 Jun
1989 - 16 Jul 1993  Eddie Frank Brown                  (b. 1945)
16 Jul
1993 - 12 Nov 1997  Ada E. Deer (f)                    (b. 1935 - d. 2023)
12 Nov 1997 -  3 Jan 2001  Kevin Gover                        (b. 1955)
 
4 Jan 2001 - 21 Jan 2001  Michael J. Anderson (acting)       (b. 1958?)
22 Jan 2001 -  3 Jul 2001  James "Jim" H. McDivitt (acting)
 4 Jul 2001 -  5 Jan 2003  Neal A. "Chief" McCaleb            (b. 1935 - d. 2025)
 
5 Jan 2003 -  2 Feb 2004  Aurene Michele Martin (f)(acting)  (b. 1965)
 2 Feb 2004 - 12 Feb 2005  David Wayne Anderson               (b. 1953)
13 Feb 2005 -  8 Mar 2007  James "Jim" E. Cason (acting)
 8 Mar 2007 - 23 May 2008  Carl Joseph Artman III             (b. 1965)
23 May 2008 - 22 May 2009  George T. Skibine (acting)         (b. 1952)
22 May 2009 - 27 Apr 2012  Larry Echo Hawk                    (b. 1948)
27 Apr 2012 -  9 Oct 2012  Donald "Del" Laverdure (acting)
 9 Oct 2012 - 31 Dec 2015
  Kevin K. Washburn                  (b. 1967)
 1 Jan 2016 - 20 Jan 2017  Lawrence S. Roberts (acting)
20 Jan 2017 - 11 Jun 2017  Michael S. Black (acting)          (b. c.1964)
11 Jun 2017 -  3 Sep 2017  Gavin Clarkson (acting)
 3 Sep 2017 - 30 Jul 2018  John Tahsuda III (acting)          (b. 1966)
30 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021  Tara Katuk MacLean Sweeney (f)     (b. 1973
)
20 Jan 2021 - 22 Feb 2021
  Darryl D. LaCounte II (acting)
22 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Bryan Todd Newland                 (b. c.1980)
                             (acting to 8 Sep 2021)
20 Jan 2025 -              Bryan Mercier (acting)


Bureau of Land Management

[Bureau of Land Management
                Flag (Department of Interior)(U.S.)]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

13 May 1796 - 11 May 1857  Post of Surveyor General of Territory Northwest of the River
                             Ohio created (moved to Detroit Jun 1845).
25 Apr 1812                General Land Office (GLO) created (within Department of Treasury).
 3 Mar 1849                GLO transferred to the Department of Interior.
28 Jun 1934                Division of Grazing created (within
Department of Interior).
26 Aug 1939                Division of Grazing renamed U.S. Grazing Service.
16 Jul 1946                Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
formed by merger of Grazing Service
                             and General Land Office (
within Department of Interior).

Surveyors General of the of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio
 5 Nov 1796 – 1803         Rufus Putnam                       (b. 1738 - d. 1824)
 3 Nov 1803 – 1813         Jared Mansfield                    (b. 1759 - d. 1830)
24 Nov 1812 – 1814         Josiah Meigs                       (b. 1757 - d. 1822)
Nov 1814 –  9 Aug 1829     Edward Tiffin                      (b. 1766 - d. 1829)
 3 Jul 1829 - 1831         William Lytle II                   (b. 1770 - d. 1831)
23 Apr 1831 - 1835         Micajah T. Williams                (b. 1792 - d. 1844)
13 Apr 1835 - 1838         Robert Todd Lytle                  (b. 1804 - d. 1839)
 6 Jun 1838 - 1842         Ezekiel S. Haines                  (d. 1865)
11 Jun 1842 - 1845         William Johnston                   (b. 1804 - d. 1891)
23 Jun 1845 - 1850         Lucius Lyon                        (b. 1800 - d. 1851)
14 Jan 1850 - 1853         Charles Noble                      (b. 1797 - d. 1874)
 1 Apr 1853 - 11 May 1857  Leander Chapman                    (b. 1809 - d. 1872)
Commissioners of the General Land Office

 7 May 1812 – 1814         Edward Tiffin                      (s.a.)
11 Oct 1814 – 1822         Josiah Meigs                       (s.a.)
11 Sep 1822 – 1823         John McLean                        (b. 1785 – d. 1861)
26 Jun 1823 – 1830         George Graham                      (b. 1772 - d. 1830)
30 Sep 1830 – 1835         Elijah Hayward                     (b. 1786 - d. 1864)
24 Jul 1835 – 1836         Ethan A. Brown                     (b. 1776 - d. 1852)
21 Oct 1836 – 1841         James Whitcomb                     (b. 1795 - d. 1852)
 3 Jul 1841 – 1842         Elisha M. Huntingdon               (b. 1806 - d. 1862)
19 May 1842 – 1845         Thomas H. Blake                    (b. 1792 - d. 1849)
16 Apr 1845 - 1847         James Shields                      (b. 1810 - d. 1879)
 6 Jan 1847 – 1849         Richard M. Young                   (b. 1798 - d. 1861)
 1 Jul 1849 - 1852         Justin Butterfield                 (b. 1790 - d. 1855)
16 Sep 1852 – 1855         John Wilson                        (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
 6 Aug 1855 – 1859         Thomas A. Hendricks                (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
13 Oct 1859 - 1860         Samuel A. Smith                    (b. 1822 - d. 1863)
23 Feb 1860 – 1861         Joseph S. Wilson (1st time)(acting)(b. 1808 - d. 1871)
16 Mar 1861 – 1866         James N. Edmunds                   (b. 1810 - d. 1879)
 1 Sep 1866 – 1871         Joseph S. Wilson (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 4 Feb 1871 – 1874         Willis Drummond                    (b. 1808 - d. 1879)
 1 Jun 1874 – 1876         Samuel S. Burdett                  (b. 1836 - d. 1914)
24 Jun 1876 – 1881         James A. Williamson                (b. 1829 - d. 1902)
17 Jun 1881 – 1885         Noah C. McFarland                  (b. 1822 - d. 1897)
1885 - 1887                William A.J. Sparks                (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
1888 - 1889                Strother M. Stockslager            (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
26 Sep 1889 - Mar 1891     Lewis A. Groff                     (b. 1841 - d. 1928)
1891 - 1892                Thomas Carter                      (b. 1854 - d. 1911)
1892 - 1893                William Stone                      (b. 1827 - d. 1893)
1893 - 1897                Silas W. Lamoreaux                 (b. 1843 - d. 1909)
1897 - 1903                Binger Hermann                     (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
1903 - 1907                William A. Richard                 (b. 1849 - d. 1912)
1907 - 1908                Richard A. Ballinger               (b. 1858 - d. 1922)
1908 - 1913                Fred Dennett                       (b. 1863 - d. 1928)
1913 - 1921                Clay Tallman                       (b. 1874 - d. 1949)

1921 - 21 Apr 1929         William Spry                       (b. 1864 - d. 1929)
1929 - 1933                Charles C. Moore                   (b. 1866 - d. 1958)
1933 - 16 Jul 1946         Fred W. Johnson                    (b. 1881? - d. 1955)
Directors of the Division of Grazing (from 26 Aug 1939,
U.S. Grazing Service)
1934 – 1938                Farrington "Ferry" R. Carpenter    (b. 1886 - d. 1980)
1938 – 1944                
Richard H. Rutledge                (b. 1873 - d. 1957)
1944 – 16 Jul 1946         Clarence Luther Forsling           (b. 1893 – d. 1981)
Directors of the Bureau of Land Management
16 Jul 1946 - 1948         Fred W. Johnson                    (s.a.)
1948 - 1953                Marion Clawson                     (b. 1905 - d. 1998)

1953 - 1961                Edward Woozley                     (b. 1902 - d. 1995)
1961 - 1963                Karl S. Landstrom                  (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
1963 - 1966                Charles H. Stoddard                (b. 1912 - d. 1997)
1966 - 1971                Boyd L. Rasmussen                  (b. 1913 - d. 1998)
1971 - 1973                
Burton "Burt" W. Silcock           (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
1973 - 1977                Curtis J. Berklund                 (b. 1929 - d. 2013)
1977 - 1981                Raymond "Frank" Gregg              (b. 1925 - d. 2013)
1981 - 1989                Robert F. Burford                  (b. 1923 - d. 1993)
1989 – 1992                Delos Cy Jamison                   (b. 1949)
1993 - 1994                Jim Baca                           (b. 1945)
Feb 1994 - 1997            
Michael P. Dombeck (acting)        (b. 1948)
1997 - 1998                Patrick "Pat" A. Shea              (b. 1948)
                             (acting to 23 Jul 1997)
Nov 1998 - Nov 2001        Thomas "Tom" A. Fry III            (b. 1944)
                             (acting to 24 May 2000)
 2 Jan 2002 - Feb 2007     Kathleen Burton Clarke (f)         (b. c.1951)
 7 Feb 2007 -  3 Aug 2007  James "Jim" M. Hughes (acting)
 3 Aug 2007 - 20 Jan 2009  James "Jim" LeRoy Caswell
20 Jan 2009 -  1 Mar 2009  Ronald "Ron" Wenker (acting)
 1 Mar 2009 -  7 Aug 2009  Mike Pool (1st time)(acting)       (b. 1954?)
 7 Aug 2009 - 31 May 2012  Robert V. Abbey                    (b. 1951)
31 May 2012 - 28 Feb 2013 
Mike Pool (2nd time)(acting)       (s.a.)
 1 Mar 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Neil G. Kornze                     (b. 1978)
                             (acting to 11 Apr 2014)
20 Jan 2017 - 15 Mar 2017  Kristin Bail (f) (acting)
15 Mar 2017 - 17 Dec 2017  Michael D. Nedd (1st time)(acting)
17 Dec 2017 - 11 May
2019  Brian C. Steed (acting)
11 May 2019 - 29 Jul 2019  Casey B. Hammond (acting)
29 Jul 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  William Perry Pendley (acting)     (b. 1945)
20 Jan 2021 -  1 Mar 2021 
Michael D. Nedd (2nd time)(acting)
 1 Mar 2021 -  7 Oct 2021  Nada Wolff Culver (f) (1st time)
                             (acting)
 7 Oct 2021 - 13 Jan 2025  Tracy Stone-Manning (f)            (b. 1965)
13 Jan 2025 - 20 Jan 2025 
Nada Wolff Culver (f) (2nd time)
                             (acting)
20 Jan 2025 - 28 Jan 2025  Michael D. Nedd (3rd time)(acting)
28 Jan 2025 -              Jon K. Raby (acting)


Bureau of Reclamation

[Flag of Bureau of
                      Reclamation 1994-2019 (Department of
                      Interior)(U.S.)] 1994 - 1 Nov 2019
[Flag of Bureau of Reclamation (Department of
                      Interior)(U.S.)]
Adopted 1 Nov 2019

Bureau of Reclamation

 8 Jul 1902                Service of Reclamation within U.S. Geological Survey.
 9 Mar 1907                Reclamation Service (within Department of Interior).
30 Jun 1923                Renamed Bureau of Reclamation.

Chief Engineer in Charge of the Service of Reclamation
1902 -  8 Mar 1907         Frederick Haynes Newell            (b. 1862 - d. 1932)
Directors of the Service of Reclamation
 9 Mar 1907 - Dec 1914     Frederick Haynes Newell            (s.a.)
Dec 1914 - 19 Jun 1923     Arthur Powell Davis                (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
19 Jun 1923 - 30 Jun 1923  David William Davis                (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
Commissioners of Reclamation
30 Jun 1923 -  2 Jun 1924  David William Davis                (s.a.)
1924 - 26 Jan 1936         Elwood Mead                        (b. 1858 - d. 1936)
 2 Feb 1936 - 1936         Mae A. Schnurr (f) (acting)        (b. 1896 - d. 1996)
1936 - 1943                John Catfield Page                 (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
Aug 1943 - 1945            Harry W. Bashore                   (b. 1880 - d. 1973)
1945 - 1953                Michael W. Straus                  (b. 1897 - d. 1970)
1953                       Goodrich W. Lineweaver (acting)    (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
1953 - 1959                Wilbur A. Dexheimer                (b. 1901 - d. 1974)
 1 May 1959 -  1 Dec 1969  Floyd E. Dominy                    (b. 1909 - d. 2010)
1969 - 1973                Ellis Leroy Armstrong              (b. 1914 - d. 2001)
1973 - 1977                Gilbert G. Stamm                   (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
1977                       Donald D. Anderson (acting)
1977 - 1981                R. Keith Higginson                 (b. 1930 - d. 2007)
1981                       Clifford I. Barrett (1st time)     (b. 1933)
                             (acting)
1981 - 1984                Robert N. Broadbent                (b. 1926 - d. 2003)
Dec 1984 - 31 Jul 1985     Robert A. Olson (acting)           (b. 1933 - d. 2021)
1985 - Dec 1985            Clifford I. Barrett (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
Dec 1985 -  6 Jul 1989     C. Dale Duvall                     (b. 1933 - d. 2020)
 7 Jul 1989 - 13 Nov 1989  Joe D. Hall (acting)
14 Nov 1989 - 1993         Dennis B. Underwood                (b. 1944 - d. 2005)
1993                       Lawrence F. Hancock (acting)
May 1993 - Sep 1995        Daniel P. Beard                    (b. 1943)
Sep 1995 - Dec 1995        Stephen V. Magnussen (acting)      (b. 1941 - d. 2008)
Dec 1995 - Jan 2001        Eluid L. Martinez                  (b. 1944)
Jan 2001 - 17 Jul 2001     J. William "Bill" McDonald
                             (1st time) (acting) 
17 Jul 2001 - 14 Apr 2006  John W. Keys III                   (b. 1942 - d. 2008)
14 Apr 2006 - 17 Oct 2006  William E. Rinne (acting)          (b. 1945 - d. 2013)
17 Oct 2006 -  2 Jan 2009  Robert "Bob" W. Johnson            (b. 1951)
 2 Jan 2009 -  1 Jun 2009 
J. William "Bill" McDonald
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 1 Jun 2009 - 27 Feb 2014  Michael L. Connor                  (b. 1963)
28 Feb 2014 - 19 Dec 2014  Lowell Pimley (acting)             (b. 1956)
19 Dec 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  Estevan R. López
20 Jan 2017 - 20 Apr 2017  David Murillo (acting)
20 Apr 2017 - 17 Nov 2017  Alan Mikkelsen (acting)
17 Nov 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  Brenda W. Burman (f)               (b. 1967)
20 Jan 2021 - 10 Aug 2021  Maria Camille Calimlim 
                             Touton (f) (1st time)(acting)
10 Aug 2021 - 15 Dec 2021  David Palumbo (1st time)(acting)

15 Dec 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Maria Camille Calimlim 
                             Touton (f) (2nd time)
20 Jan 2025 -              David Palumbo (2nd time)(acting)


Fish and Wildlife Service
 
[U.S. Bureau of
                          Fisheries Service flag 1915-1940]
1915 - 1940
[Fish and Wildlife Service flag,
                          1940-c.1991]
1940 - 13 Dec 1991
[U.S. Fish and
                          Wildlife Service flag c.1991 - c.2019
                          (Department of Interior)]
13 Dec 1991 - c.2019
[U.S. Fish
                          andWildlife Service flag (Department of
                          Interior)]
Adopted c.2019


U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS)

 9 Feb 1871                U.S. Commission on Fish and Fisheries (an independent agency).
 1 Jul 1903                U.S. Bureau of Fisheries (within Department of Commerce & Labor).
 4 Mar 1913                Transferred to Department of Commerce.
30 Jun 1940                Fish and Wildlife Service (within the Department of Interior).

Commissioners of Fish and Fisheries
1871 - 19 Aug 1887         Spencer Fullerton Baird            (b. 1823 - d. 1887)
1887 - 1888                George Brown Goode (acting)        (b. 1851 - d. 1896)
1888 -  1 Sep 1895         Marshall McDonald                  (b. 1835 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1896                Herbert A. Gill (acting)
1896 - 1898                John J. Brice                      (b. 1842 - d. 1912)
1898 - 1903                George Meade Bowers                (b. 1863 - d. 1925)
Chiefs of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries
1903 - 1913                George Meade Bowers                (s.a.)
1913 - 1922                Hugh M. Smith                      (b. 1865 - d. 1941)
13 May 1922 - 15 Apr 1933  Henry O'Malley                     (b. 1876 - d. 1936)
1933 - 1939                Frank T. Bell                      (b. 1883 - d. 1970)
1939 - 1940                Charles E. Jackson (acting)
Chiefs of the Bureau of Biological Survey (1885-86 Office of Economic Ornithology and
Mammalogy; 1886-96 Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy; 1896-1905 Division
of Biological Survey)
1885 - 1910                Clinton Hart Merriam               (b. 1855 - d. 1942)
1910 - 1916                Henry Wetherbee Henshaw            (b. 1850 - d. 1930)
1916 - 1927                Edward William Nelson              (b. 1855 - d. 1934)
1927 - 1934                Paul Goodwin Redington             (b. 1878 - d. 1942)
1934 - 1935                Jay Norwood Darling                (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
16 Nov 1935 - 1940         Ira Noel Gabrielson                (b. 1889 - d. 1977)
Directors of the Fish and Wildlife Service 
1940 -  1 Apr 1946         Ira Noel Gabrielson                (s.a.)
 
1 Apr 1946 - May  1953    Albert M. Day                      (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
25 May 1953 - Jun 1956     John L. Farley                     (b. 1892 - d. 1983)
Commissioners of the Fish and Wildlife Service
Jul 1956 - Jun 1961        Arnie J. Suomela                   (b. 1902 - d. 1992)
Jun 1961 - 1969            Clarence F. Pautzke                (b. 1907 - d. 1971)
Chiefs of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
25 Apr 1957 -  5 Nov 1966  Donald L. McKernan                 (b. 1918 - d. 1979)
 
6 Nov 1966 - 1969         Harold E. Crowther                 (b. 1910 - d. 1985)
                             (acting to 1967)
1969 - 1970                Dayton L. Alverson (acting)        (b. 1924 - d. 2013)
Chiefs of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife

14 Mar 1957 - 15 Oct 1964  Daniel Hugo Janzen                 (b. 1906 - d. 1970)
 1 Dec 1964 - Oct 1970     John S. Gottschalk                 (b. 1912 - d. 1999)
Dec 1970 - Aug 1973        Spencer H. Smith                   (b. 1923 - d. 2017)
                            
(acting to 27 Apr 1972)
Oct 1973 - 30 Jun 1974     Lynn Adams Greenwalt               (b. 1931 - d. 2025)
Directors of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
 
1 Jul 1974 - Jan 1981     Lynn Adams Greenwalt               (s.a.)
 9 Nov 1981 - 28 Sep 1985  Robert A. Jantzen                  (b. 1928 - d. 2001)
29 Sep 1985 -  7 May 1986  F. Eugene Hester (acting)          (b. 1931 - d. 2024)
 8 May 1986 - 15 Mar 1989  Frank H. Dunkle                    (b. 1924 - d. 1993)
16 Mar 1989 - 11 Jun 1989  Susan Recce Lamson (f) (acting)
12 Jun 1989 -  3 Aug 1989  Steve Robinson (acting)
 4 Aug 1989 - 1993         John F. Turner                     (b. 1942)

10 Sep 1993 -  5 Jun 1996  Mollie H. Beattie (f)              (b. 1947 - d. 1996)
 5 Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 1997  John G. Rogers (acting)
31 Jul 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Jamie Rappaport Clark
(f)          (b. 1958?)
20 Jan 2001 - 21 Feb 2002  Marshall Jones (acting)
21 Feb 2002 - 16 Mar 2005  Steven A. Williams                 (b. 1957?)
16 Mar 2005 - 12 Oct 2005  Matthew "Matt" J. Hogan (acting)   (b. 1967?)
12 Oct 2005 -  3 Jan 2009  H. Dale Hall
 3 Jan 2009 -  1 Sep 2009  Rowan W. Gould (1st time)(acting) 
 1 Sep 2009 - 20 Feb 2010  Samuel D. Hamilton                 (b. 1955 - d. 2010)
21 Feb 2010 -  1 Jul 2011  Rowan W. Gould (2nd time)(acting) 
 1 Jul 2011 - 20 Jan 2017 
Daniel M. Ashe

20 Jan 2017 - 19 Jun 2017  Jim Kurth (1st time)(acting)
19 Jun 2017 - 16 Aug 2018  Greg Sheehan (acting)
16 Aug 2018 - 13 Nov 2018  Jim Kurth (2nd time)(acting)
13 Nov 2018 -  6 Jan 2020  Margaret Everson (f) (acting)
 6 Jan 2020 - 19 Jan 2021  Aurelia Skipwith (f)               (b. 1980)
20 Jan 2021 - 19 Jan 2025  Martha Williams (f)
                             (acting to 8 Mar 2022)
20 Jan 2025 -              Paul Souza (acting)  


U.S. Geological Survey

[U.S. Geological Survey
                        (USGS) flag 1903-1966]
1903 - 1966

[U.S. Geological
                        Survey (USGS) flag (Department of Interior)]]Adopted 1966

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

 3 Mar 1879                U.S. Geological Survey (within Department of Interior).
 1 Jul 1879                Earlier surveys discontinued.

Director of the Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian¹
1872 - 30 Jun 1879         George Montague Wheeler            (b. 1842 - d. 1902)
Director of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel¹
1867 - 1879                Clarence Rivers King               (b. 1842 - d. 1901)
Director of the U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Regio
n2
1869 - 30 Jun 1879         John Wesley Powell                 (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
Director of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territorie
s2
1867 - 30 Jun 1879         Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden         (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
Directors of the U.S. Geological Survey
24 May 1879 - Mar 1881     Clarence Rivers King               (s.a.)
Mar 1881 - 30 Jun 1894     John Wesley Powell                 (s.a.)
30 Jun 1894 - Apr 1907     Charles Doolittle Walcott          (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
                             (acting to 1 Jul 1894)
May 1907 - Dec 1930        George Otis Smith                  (b. 1871 - d. 1944)
Dec 1930 - 1943            Walter Curran Mendenhall           (b. 1871 - d. 1957)
1943 - Jan 1956            William Embry Wrather              (b. 1883 - d. 1963)
Jan 1956 - Sep 1965        Thomas Brennan Nolan               (b. 1901 - d. 1992)
Sep 1965 - Apr 1971        William Thomas Pecora              (b. 1913 - d. 1972)
1971 - Apr 1978            Vincent Ellis McKelvey             (b. 1916 - d. 1987)
Apr 1978 - Jan 1981        Henry William Menard               (b. 1920 - d. 1986)
30 Sep 1981 - 1993         Dallas Lynn Peck                   (b. 1929 - d. 2005)
24 Mar 1994 - 1997         Gordon Pryor Eaton                 (b. 1929 - d. 2022)
13 Nov 1998 - 20 Jun 2005  Charles "Chip" G. Groat            (b. 1940 - d. 2025)
20 Jun 2005 - 26 Sep 2006  P. Patrick Leahy (acting)          (b. 1947)
26 Sep 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Mark D. Myers                      (b. 1955?)
20 Jan 2009 - 22 Oct 2009  Suzette M. Kimball (f)(1st time)   (b. 1952?)
                             (acting) 
22 Oct 2009 - 15 Feb 2013  Marcia Kemper McNutt (f)           (b. 1952)
15 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Suzette M. Kimball (f)(2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting to 8 Jan 2016)
20 Jan 2017 - 14 May 2018  William "Bill" Werkheiser (acting) 
14 May 2018 - 20 Jan 2021  James F. Reilly II                 (b. 1954)

20 Jan 2021 - 21 Jan 2021  Cynthia "Cindy" Lodge (f)(acting)
21 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  David "Dave" Applegate
                             (acting to 16 Aug 2022)
20 Jan 2025 -              Sarah J. Ryker (f)(acting)

 ¹Survey dependent on the Department of War/Office of the Chief Engineer.
 2Survey dependent on the Department of the Interior.


National Park Service

[National Park Service
                        flag (Department of Interior)(U.S.)] NPS Flag

[National Park
                        Service guidon flag (Department of
                        Interior)(U.S.)] NPS Guidon

National Park Service (NPS)

25 Aug 1916                National Park Service (NPS)(within Interior Department).

General Superintendent and Landscape Engineer for the National Parks
10 Jul 1914 -  9 Dec 1915  Mark Roy Daniels                   (b. 1881 - d. 1952)          
General Superintendent of National Parks
10 Dec 1915 - 31 Dec 1916  Robert Bradford Marshall           (b. 1867 - d. 1949)
Directors of the National Park Service
16 May 1917 -  8 Jan 1929  Stephen Tyng Mather                (b. 1867 - d. 1930)
12 Jan 1929 -  9 Aug 1933  Horace Marden Albright             (b. 1890 - d. 1987)
10 Aug 1933 -  9 Aug 1940  Arno Berthold Cammerer             (b. 1860 - d. 1940)
20 Aug 1940 - 31 Mar 1951  Newton Bishop Drury                (b. 1889 - d. 1978)
 1 Apr 1951 -  8 Dec 1951  Arthur Edward Demaray              (b. 1887 - d. 1958)
 9 Dec 1951 -  7 Jan 1964  Conrad Louis Wirth                 (b. 1899 - d. 1933)
 
9 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1972  George Benjamin Hartzog, Jr.       (b. 1920 - d. 2008)
 
7 Jan 1973 -  3 Jan 1975  Ronald H. Walker                   (b. 1937)
 4 Jan 1975 - 12 Jan 1975  Russell Errett Dickenson (1st time)(b. 1923 - d. 2008)
                             (acting)
13 Jan 1975 - 27 May 1977  Gary E. Everhardt                  (b. 1934 - d. 2020)
28 May 1977 -  4 Jul 1977  William J. Briggle (acting)        (b. 1925 - d. 2017)
 5 Jul 1977 - 13 May 1980  William Joseph Whalen III          (b. 1940 - d. 2006)
15 May 1980 -  3 Mar 1985  Russell Errett Dickenson (2nd time)(s.a.)
 4 Mar 1985 - 16 May 1985  Mary Lou Grier (f)(acting)         (b. 1925 - d. 2013)
17 May 1985 - 15 Apr 1989  William Penn Mott, Jr.             (b. 1909 - d. 1992)
16 Apr 1985 - 17 Apr 1989  Denis P. Galvin (1st time)(acting) (b. 1938)
17 Apr 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  James Michael Ridenour             (b. 1942)
20 Jan 1993 -  1 Jun 1993  Herbert S. Cables, Jr. (acting)    (b. 1931?)
 1 Jun 1993 - 29 Mar 1997  Roger G. Kennedy                   (b. 1926 - d. 2011)
30 Mar 1997 -  3 Aug 1997  Denis P. Galvin (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                           + Jacqueline Lowery (f)
                           (acting)
 4 Aug 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Robert "Bob" George Stanton        (b. 1940)
20 Jan 2001 - 18 Jul 2001  Denis P. Galvin (3rd time)         (s.a.)
18 Jul 2001 - 16 Oct 2006  Fran P. Mainella (f)               (b. 1947)
17 Oct 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Mary Amelia Bomar (f)              (b. 1944 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2009 -  2 Oct 2009  Daniel N. Wenk (acting)            (b. 1953?)
 2 Oct 2009 -  3 Jan 2017 
Jonathan "Jon" B. Jarvis           (b. 1953)
 3 Jan 2017 -  9 Jan 2018  Michael T. Reynolds (acting)
 9 Jan 2018 - 30 Sep 2019  Paul Daniel Smith (acting)
 1 Oct 2019 -  7 Aug 2020  Raymond David Vela (acting)
 7 Aug 2020 - 20 Jan 2021  Margaret Everson (f) (acting)
20 Jan 2021 - 16 Dec 2021  Shawn T. Benge (acting)
16 Dec 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Charles F. "Chuck" Sams III
20 Jan 2025 -              Jessica Bowron (f) (acting)


War Relocation Authority (WRA)
 
11 Mar 1942                Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA)(under Department
                             of the Army).

18 Mar 1942                War Relocation Authority (WRA)(within the Office for Emergency
                             Management in the Executive Office of the President).
16 Feb 1944                Transferred to the Department of the Interior.
30 Jun 1946                Abolished.

Directors
18 Mar 1942 – 17 Jun 1942  Milton S. Eisenhower               (b. 1899 – d. 1985)
17 Jun 1942 – 30 Jun 1946  Dillon S. Myer                     (b. 1891 - d. 1982)



Department of Agriculture
 

[U.S. Department of
                        Agriculture flag]
Adopted 21 Jun 1895

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

 3 Mar 1839                Agricultural Division of the Patent Office, within
                             the Department of State.

 3 Mar 1849                Transferred to the Department of Interior.
15 May 1862                Department of Agriculture created.
13 Feb 1889                Commissioner becomes a cabinet secretary.

Superintendents of the Agricultural Division of the Patent Office
 3 Mar 1839 - 1849         the Commissioners of Patents
1849 - 1853                Daniel Lee                         (b. 1802 - d. 1890)
 9 Jun 1853 - Oct 1859     Daniel Jay Browne                  (b. 1804 - d. 1867)
 3 Feb 1860 -  4 Mar 1861  Thomas Green Clemson               (b. 1807 - d. 1888)
Aug 1861 -  1 Jul 1862     Isaac Newton                       (b. 1800 - d. 1867)
Commissioners
of Agriculture
 1 Jul 1862 - 19 Jun 1867  Isaac Newton                       (s.a.)
20 Jun 1867 -  4 Dec 1867  John W. Stokes (acting)            (b. 1813 - d. 1888)
 
4 Dec 1867 -  1 Aug 1871  Horace L. Capron                   (b. 1804 - d. 1885)
 1 Aug 1871 - 30 Jun 1877  Frederick Watts                    (b. 1801 - d. 1889)
 1 Jul 1877 - 30 Jun 1881  William Gates Le Duc               (b. 1823 - d. 1917)
 1 Jul 1881 -  3 Apr 1885  George Bailey Loring               (b. 1817 - d. 1891)
 3 Apr 1885 - 13 Feb 1889  Norman Jay Coleman                 (b. 1827 - d. 1911)
Secretaries
13 Feb 1889 -  7 Mar 1889  Norman Jay Coleman                 (s.a.)
 7
Mar 1889 -  6 Mar 1893  Jeremiah McLain Rusk               (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
 
6 Mar 1893 -  5 Mar 1897  Julius Sterling Morton             (b. 1832 - d. 1902)
 
5 Mar 1897 -  6 Mar 1913  James Wilson                       (b. 1835 - d. 1920)
 
6 Mar 1913 -  2 Feb 1920  David Franklin Houston             (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
 2 Feb 1920 -  5 Mar 1921  Edwin T. Meredith                  (b. 1876 - d. 1928)
 5 Mar 1921 - 25 Oct 1924  Henry C. Wallace                   (b. 1866 - d. 1924)
26 Oct 1924 -  5 Mar 1925  Howard M. Gore                     (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
                             (acting to 22 Nov 1924)
 5 Mar 1925 -  6 Mar 1929  William M. Jardine                 (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
 6 Mar 1929 -  4 Mar 1933  Arthur M. Hyde                     (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
 4 Mar 1933 -  5 Sep 1940  Henry A. Wallace                   (b. 1888 - d. 1965)
 5 Sep 1940 - 30 Jun 1945  Claude R. Wickard                  (b. 1893 - d. 1953)
30 Jun 1945 - 10 May 1948  Clinton P. Anderson                (b. 1895 - d. 1975)
10 May 1948 - 20 Jan 1953  Charles F. Brannan                 (b. 1903 - d. 1992)
                             (acting to 2 Jun 1948)
21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  Ezra Taft Benson                   (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969  Orville L. Freeman                 (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
21 Jan 1969 - 17 Nov 1971  Clifford M. Hardin                 (b. 1915 - d. 2010)
17 Nov 1971 -  2 Dec 1971  J. Phil Campbell, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1917 - d. 1998)
 2 Dec 1971 -  5 Oct 1976  Earl L. Butz                       (b. 1909 - d. 2008)

 5 Oct 1976 - 20 Jan 1977  John A. Knebel
                     (b. 1936)
                             (acting to 3 Nov 1976)    
21 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Robert S. Bergland                 (b. 1928 - d. 2018)
20 Jan 1981 - 23 Jan 1981  James "Jim" H. Williams II (acting)(b. 1926 - d. 2016)
23 Jan 1981 - 14 Feb 1986  John R. Block                      (b. 1935)
14 Feb 1986 - 20 Feb 1986  John R. Norton III (acting)        (b. 1929 - d. 2016)
20 Feb 1986 -  7 Mar 1986  Frank W. Naylor, Jr. (acting)      (b. 1939 - d. 2020) 
 7 Mar 1986 - 20 Jan 1989  Richard E. Lyng                    (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
20 Jan 1989 - 16 Feb 1989  Peter C. Myers, Sr. (acting)       (b. 1931 - d. 2012)
16 Feb 1989 -  1 Mar 1991  Clayton K. Yeutter                 (b. 1930 - d. 2017)
 1 Mar 1991 - 12 Mar 1991  Jack Callihan Parnell (acting)     (b. 1935 - d. 2023)
12 Mar 1991 - 20 Jan 1993  Edward Madigan                     (b. 1936 - d. 1994)
22 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1994  Mike Espy                          (b. 1953)
 
1 Jan 1995 - 30 Mar 1995  Bob Nash (acting)                  (b. 1947)
30 Mar 1995 - 20 Jan 2001  Dan Glickman                       (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 21 Jan 2005  Ann Veneman (f)                    (b. 1949)
21 Jan 2005 - 20 Sep 2007  Michael "Mike" Owen Johanns        (b. 1950)
20 Sep 2007 - 28 Jan 2008  Chuck Conner (acting)              (b. 1957)

28 Jan 2008 - 20 Jan 2009 
Edward "Ed" Thomas Schafer         (b. 1946)
21 Jan 2009 - 13 Jan 2017  Thomas "Tom" J. Vilack (1st time)  (b. 1950)
13 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2017  Michael T. Scuse (acting)          (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2017 - 25 Apr 2017  Michael "Mike" L. Young (acting)
25 Apr 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  George E. "Sonny" Perdue III       (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2021 -
24 Feb 2021  Kevin Shea (acting)
24 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Thomas "Tom" J. Vilack (2nd time)  (s.a.)
20 Jan 2025 -
13 Feb 2025  Gary S. Washington (acting)
13 Feb 2025 -              Brooke Leslie Rollins (f)          (b. 1972)


Forest Service

[U.S. Forest Service
                        flag (Dept of Agriculture)] Adopted 1909

[U.S. Forest
                        Service Variant flag (Dept of Agriculture)] Variant from 1981

Forest Service

15 Aug 1876                Forestry Office (within Department of Agriculture).
1881                       Division of Forestry (provisional to 30 Jun 1886).

 2 Mar 1901                Bureau of Forestry
 1 Jul 1905                Forest Service (USFS)

Special Forestry Agent
30 Aug 1876 - 1881         Franklin Benjamin Hough            (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
Chiefs
1881 - May 1883            Franklin Benjamin Hough            (s.a.)
May 1883 - 1886            Nathaniel Hillyer Egleston         (b. 1822 - d. 1912)
15 Mar 1886 - 1898         Bernhard Eduard Fernow             (b. 1851 - d. 1923)
Foresters 
 1 Jul 1898 - 1910         Gifford Pinchot                    (b. 1865 - d. 1946)
1910 - 1920                Henry "Harry" Solon Graves         (b. 1871 - d. 1951)
1920 - 1928                William Buckhout Greeley           (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
 1 May 1928 - 23 Oct 1933  Robert Young Stuart                (b. 1883 - d. 1933)
1933 - 1935                Ferdinand Augustus Silcox          (b. 1882 - d. 1939)
Chiefs
1935 - 1939                Ferdinand Augustus Silcox          (s.a.)
1939 - 1943                Earle Hart Clapp (acting)          (b. 1877 - d. 1970)
1943 - 1952                Lyle Ford Watts                    (b. 1890 - d. 1962)
Jul 1952 - Mar 1962        Richard Edwin McArdle              (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
1962 - 1972                Edward Parley Cliff                (b. 1909 - d. 1987)
1972 - 1979                John R. McGuire                    (b. 1916 - d. 2002)
27 Jun 1979 -  2 Feb 1987  Ralph Max Peterson                 (b. 1927 - d. 2024)
Feb 1987 - 28 Oct 1993     F. Dale Robertson                  (b. 1940)
28 Oct 1993 -  1 Dec 1993  Dave G. Unger (1st time) (acting)  (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
 1
Dec 1993 -  2 Dec 1996  Jack Ward Thomas                   (b. 1934 - d. 2016)
 2 Dec 1996 -  6 Jan 1997  Dave G. Unger (2nd time) (acting)  (s.a.)
 6 Jan 1997 - 31 Mar 2001  Michael P. Dombeck                 (b. 1948)
31 Mar 2001 - 12 Apr 2001  Phil J. Janik (acting)             (b. 1945 - d. 2006)
12 Apr 2001 -  2 Feb 2007  Dale N. Bosworth                   (b. 1945)
 4 Feb 2007 -  3 Jul 2009  Abigail "Gail" R. Kimbell (f)      (b. 1953)
 3 Jul 2009 -  1 Sep 2017  Thomas "Tom" L. Tidwell            (b. 1954?)
 1 Sep 2017 -  8 Mar 2018  Tony L. Tooke                      (b. 1962?)
 8 Mar 2018 - 26 Jul 2021  Victoria "Vicki" Christiansen (f)  (b. 1959?)
                             (acting to 11 Oct 2018)
26 Jul 2021 - 10 Mar 2025  Randy Moore                        (b. 1954?)
10 Mar 2025 -              Tom Schultz    


U.S. Food Administration

10 Aug 1917                U.S. Food Administration established as an independent agency
                             (responsible for the administration of the U.S. army overseas
                             and Allies food reserves).
21 Aug 1920                Abolished.

Food Administrators
21 Aug 1917 -  1 Jul 1919  Herbert Clark Hoover               (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
 1 Jul 1919 - 21 Aug 1920  Edgar Rickard                      (b. 1874 - d. 1951)



Department of Commerce and Labor

14 Feb 1903                Department of Commerce and Labor
 4 Mar 1913                Divided into Department of Commerce and Department of Labor.

Secretaries
16 Feb 1903 - 30 Jun 1904  George B. Cortelyou                (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
 1 Jul 1904 - 16 Dec 1906  Victor H. Metcalf                  (b. 1853 - d. 1936)
17 Dec 1906 -  5 Mar 1909  Oscar S. Straus                    (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
 
6 Mar 1909 -  4 Mar 1913  Charles Nagel                      (b. 1849 - d. 1940)


Department of Commerce

[Flag of Secretary of
                      Department of Commerce (U.S.)]
15 Jun 1915 - 26 Jun 1968
[Flag of U.S. Department of Commerce]
Adopted 26 Jun 1968

Department of Commerce

 4 Mar 1913                Department of Commerce

Secretaries
 5 Mar 1913 - 31 Oct 1919  William Cox Redfield               (b. 1858 - d. 1932)
 1 Nov 1919 - 16 Dec 1919  Edwin F. Sweet (acting)            (b. 1847 - d. 1935)
16 Dec 1919 -  5 Mar 1921  Joshua Willis Alexander            (b. 1852 - d. 1936)
 5 Mar 1921 - 21 Aug 1928  Herbert Hoover                     (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
21 Aug 1928 -  4 Mar 1929  William F. Whiting                 (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
                             (acting to 1 Dec 1928)
 5 Mar 1929 -  7 Aug 1932  Robert P. Lamont                   (b. 1867 - d. 1948)
 8 Aug 1932 -  3 Mar 1933  Roy D. Chapin                      (b. 1880 - d. 1936)
                             (acting to 14 Dec 1932)
 4 Mar 1933 - 23 Dec 1938  Daniel C. Roper                    (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
24 Dec 1938 - 18 Sep 1940  Harry L. Hopkins                   (b. 1890 - d. 1946)
                             (acting to 23 Jan 1939)
19 Sep 1940 -  1 Mar 1945  Jesse H. Jones                     (b. 1874 - d. 1956)
 2 Mar 1945 - 20 Sep 1946  Henry A. Wallace                   (b. 1888 - d. 1965)
20 Sep 1946 -  7 Oct 1946  Alfred E. Schindler (acting)       (b. 1894 - d. 1987)
 7 Oct 1946 - 22 Apr 1948  W. Averell Harriman                (b. 1891 - d. 1986)

                             (acting to 28 Jan 1947)
22 Apr 1948 -  6 May 1948  William C. Foster (acting)         (b. 1897 - d. 1984)
 6 May 1948 - 20 Jan 1953  Charles Sawyer                     (b. 1887 - d. 1979)

21 Jan 1953 - 10 Nov 1958  Sinclair Weeks                     (b. 1893 - d. 1972)
10 Nov 1958 - 27 Jun 1959  Lewis L. Strauss (acting)          (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
27 Jun 1959 - 19 Jan 1961  Frederick H. Muller                (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
                             (acting to 10 Aug 1959)
21 Jan 1961 - 18 Jan 1965  Luther H. Hodges                   (b. 1898 - d. 1974)
18 Jan 1965 - 31 Jan 1967  John T. Connor                     (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
31 Jan 1967 -  6 Mar 1968  Alexander B. Trowbridge            (b. 1929 - d. 2006)
                             (acting to 14 Jun 1967)
 6 Mar 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  Cyrus R. Smith                     (b. 1899 - d. 1990)
21 Jan 1969 - 29 Feb 1972  Maurice H. Stans                   (b. 1908 - d. 1998)
29 Feb 1972 -  1 Feb 1973  Peter G. Peterson                  (b. 1926 - d. 2018)
 2 Feb 1973 - 26 Mar 1975  Frederick B. Dent                  (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
26 Mar 1975 -  1 May 1975  John K. Tabor (acting)             (b. 1921 - d. 1999)
 1 May 1975 -  2 Feb 1976  Rogers C.B. Morton                 (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
 
2 Feb 1976 - 20 Jan 1977  Elliot Richardson                  (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
20 Jan 1977 - 23 Jan 1977  Robert M. White (acting)           (b. 1923 - d. 2015)
23 Jan 1977 - 31 Oct 1979  Juanita Morris Kreps (f)           (b. 1921 - d. 2010)
31 Oct 1979 -  9 Jan 1980  Luther H. Hodges, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1936)
 
9 Jan 1980 - 20 Jan 1981  Philip M. Klutznick                (b. 1907 - d. 1999)
23 Jan 1981 - 25 Jul 1987  Malcolm Baldrige                   (b. 1922 - d. 1987)
25 Jul 1987 - 19 Oct 1987  Clarence J. "Bud" Brown (acting)   (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
19 Oct 1987 - 20 Jan 1989  C. William Verity                  (b. 1917 - d. 2007)
20 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan 1989  Donna F. Tuttle (f)(acting)        (b. 1947)
31 Jan 1989 - 15 Jan 1992  Robert A. Mosbacher                (b. 1927 - d. 2010)
16 Jan 1992 - 27 Jan 1992  Rockwell A. Schnabel (acting)      (b. 1936)
27 Jan 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Barbara H. Franklin (f)            (b. 1940)
22 Jan 1993 -  3 Apr 1996  Ron Brown                          (b. 1941 - d. 1996)
 
3 Apr 1996 - 12 Apr 1996  Mary Lowe Good (f) (acting)        (b. 1931 - d. 2019)    
12 Apr 1996 - 21 Jan 1997  Mickey Kantor                      (b. 1939)
21 Jan 1997 - 30 Jan 1997  Stuart E. Eizenstat (acting)       (b. 1943)
30 Jan 1997 - 19 Jul 2000  William M. Daley                   (b. 1948)
19 Jul 2000 - 21 Jul 2000  Robert L. Mallett (acting)         (b. 1957)
21 Jul 2000 - 20 Jan 2001  Norman Y. Mineta                   (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2001 -  7 Feb 2005  Don Evans                          (b. 1946)
 7 Feb 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Carlos M. Gutierrez                (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Mar 2009  Otto J. Wolff (acting)             (b. 1942)
26 Mar 2009 -  1 Aug 2011  Gary Locke                         (b. 1950)
 1 Aug 2011 - 21 Oct 2011  Rebecca M. Blank (f)(1st time)     (b. 1955 - d. 2023)
                             (acting)   
21 Oct 2011 - 20 Jun 2012  John E. Bryson                     (b. 1943)
11 Jun 2012 -  1 Jun 2013  Rebecca M. Blank (f)(2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting [for Bryson to 20 Jun 2012])
 1 Jun 2013 - 26 Jun 2013  Cameron F. Kerry (acting)          (b. 1950)
26 Jun 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Penny S. Pritzker (f)              (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 28 Feb 2017  Kenneth E. Hyatt (acting)
28 Feb 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.                (b. 1937)
20 Jan 2021 -  3 Mar 2021  Wynn W. Coggins (f) (acting)
 3 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Gina Marie Raimondo (f)            (b. 1971)
20 Jan 2025 - 21 Feb 2025  Jeremy E. Pelter (acting)  
21 Feb 2025 -              Howard W. Lutnick                  (b. 1961)


U.S. Census Bureau

[U.S. Bureau of Census flag (Dept of
                Commerce)]

Bureau of the Census

 4 Mar 1789                U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 2, establishes that
                             representation in the U.S. House of Representatives is based on
                             population determined by a census taken at 10 year intervals.
 1 Mar 1790                The 
decennial census is assigned to the U.S. Marshals (then under
                             the Department of State) by Congress ("An Act providing for the
                             enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States").

 2
Aug 1790                First decennial census begun by the U.S. Marshals for each
                            
Federal judicial district.
26 Feb 1840                Congress authorizes the creation of a centralized Census Office
                             during each enumeration.
 3 Mar 1849                Census Board (within the Department of Interior).
 1 Jul 1902                Census Office, made a permanent agency.
14 Feb 1903                Census Office (within the Department of Commerce and Labor).
 1 Jul 1903                Renamed Bureau of the Census.
 4 Mar 1913                Under the Department of Commerce.
 1 Jan 1972 -  4 Aug 1975  Part of the Social and Economic Statistics Administration (SESA)
                             (within the
Department of Commerce).

Superintendents of the Census
1840 - 18 Mar 1842         William Augustus Weaver            (b. 1797 - d. 1846)
                            
(superintending clerk)
18 Mar 1842 - 31 May 1850
  Vacant
31 May 1850 - 18 Mar 1853  Joseph Camp Griffith Kennedy       (b. 1813 - d. 1887)
                             (superintending clerk to 185.) 
                             (1st time)
18 Mar 1853 - 31 Dec 1854  James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow      (b. 1820 - d. 1867)
                            
(1st time)
31 Dec 1854 - 1855         Vacant
1855 - Nov 1855            James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Nov 1855 -
12 Jun 1858     Vacant
12 Jun 1858 - Dec 1859
     Joseph Camp Griffith Kennedy       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1859 - 31 May 1860     Vacant
31 May 1860 - 31 May 1865  Joseph Camp Griffith Kennedy       (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
31 May 1865 -  7 Feb 1870  Vacant
 
7 Feb 1870 -  3 Nov 1881  Francis Amasa Walker               (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
                            
(acting Nov 1871 - 1 Apr 1879)
 
4 Nov 1881 -  3 Mar 1885  Charles William Seaton             (b. 1831 - d. 1885)
 
3 Mar 1885 -  1 Jul 1886  Vacant
 
1 Jul 1886 - 17 Apr 1889  the clerk of Census Division
                             (acting)
17 Apr 1889 - 31 Jul 1893  Robert Percival Porter             (b. 1852 - d. 1917)
 
5 Oct 1893 -  4 Mar 1895  Carroll Davidson Wright            (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
                            
(also commissioner of Labor)
 4 Mar 1895 -  1 Jul 1897
  Vacant
 1 Jul 1897 -  7 Mar 1899  William Alexander King (acting)    (b. 1855 - d. 1905)
 7 Mar 1899 -  1 Jul 1902  William Rush Merriam               (b. 1849 - d. 1931)
Directors of the U.S. Census
Bureau (until 1 Jul 1903, Office Office)
 1 Jul 1902 -  8 Jun 1903  William Rush Merriam               (s.a.)
 9 Jun 1903 - 15 Jun 1909  Simon Newton Dexter North          (b. 1848 - d. 1924)
16 Jun 1909 - 30 Jun 1913  Edward Dana Durand                 (b. 1870 - d. 1960)
 
1 Jul 1913 - 15 Mar 1915  William J. Harris                  (b. 1868 - d. 1932) 
16 Mar 1915 - 13 Apr 1921  Samuel Lyle Rogers                 (b. 1859 - d. 1925)
10 May 1921 -  7 Apr 1933  William Mott Steuart               (b. 1861 - d. 1956) 
 
8 Apr 1933 - 21 May 1941  William Lane Austin                (b. 1871 - d. 1949) 
22 May 1941 - 17 Aug 1949  James Clyde Capt                   (b. 1888 - d. 1949)  
Aug 1949 - Mar 1950        Philip M. Hauser (acting)          (b. 1909 - d. 1994) 
10 Mar 1950 -  3 Feb 1953  Roy Victor Peel                    (b. 1896 - d. 1978) 
 
4 Feb 1953 -  3 Mar 1961  Robert Wilbur Burgess              (b. 1887 - d. 1969) 
 
4 Mar 1961 -  1 Feb 1965  Richard Montgomery Scammon         (b. 1915 - d. 2001) 
Jan 1965 - Aug 1969        A. Ross Eckler                     (b. 1901 - d. 1991) 
                            
(acting to Jul 1965)
Aug 1969 - Jan 1973        George Hay Brown                   (b. 1910 - d. 1991)
Jan 1973 - Mar 1973        Joseph R. Wright, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1938)
Mar 1973 - May 1973        Robert L. Hagan (1st time) (acting)(b. 1924 - d. 2014)
May 1973 - Sep 1976        Vincent P. Barabba (1st time)      (b. 1934)
                            
(acting to Aug 1973)
Sep 1976 - Apr 1977
       Robert L. Hagan (2nd time) (acting)(s.a.)
Apr 1977 - Mar 1979        Manuel D. Plotkin                  (b. 1923 - d. 2011) 
                            
(acting to Jun 1977)
Apr 1979 - May 1979
       Robert L. Hagan (3rd time) (acting)(s.a.)
May 1979 - Jul 1979        Daniel B. Levine (1st time)(acting)(b. 1925 - d. 2014)
Jul 1979 - Jan 1981        Vincent P. Barabba (2nd time)      (s.a.) 
Jan 1981 - Sep 1981        Daniel B. Levine (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
Oct 1981 - Jul 1983        Bruce K. Chapman                   (b. 1940)
Jul 1983 - Mar 1984        Charles Louis Kincannon            (b. 1940 - d. 2012)
                             (1st time) (acting)
20 Mar 1984 - Jan 1989     John G. Keane                      (b. 1930 - d. 2019) 
Jan 1989 -  7 Dec 1989     Charles Louis Kincannon            (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 
7 Dec 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Barbara Everitt Bryant (f)         (b. 1926 - d. 2023)
20 Jan 1993 -  6 Oct 1994  Harry A. Scarr (acting)            (b. 1934 - d. 1995) 
 
6 Oct 1994 - 30 Jan 1998  Martha Farnsworth Riche (f)        (b. 1939)
30 Jan 1998 - 21 Oct 1998  James F. Holmes (acting)           (b. 1945)
21 Oct 1998 - 20 Jan 2001  Kenneth Prewitt                    (b. 1936)
20 Jan 2001 - 13 Mar 2002  William G. Barron, Jr. (acting)    (b. 1946) 
13 Mar 2002 - 20 Dec 2007  Charles Louis Kincannon (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 2007 -  9 Jan 2009  Steve H. Murdock                   (b. 1948 - d. 2023)
 9 Jan 2009 - 22 Jul 2009  Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Jr.          (b. 1946)
                            
(1st time) (acting)
22 Jul 2009 - 12 Aug 2012  Robert M. Groves                   (b. 1948)
12 Aug 2012
-  8 Aug 2013  Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Jr.          (s.a.)
                            
(2nd time) (acting)
 8 Aug 2013 - 30 Jun 2017  John H. Thompson                   (b. 1951)
30 Jun 2017 - 
7 Jan 2019  Ron S. Jarmin (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1964)
 7 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Steven D. Dillingham               (b. 1952)
20 Jan 2020 -  5 Jan 2022  Ron S. Jarmin (2nd time)(acting)   (s.a.) 
 5 Jan 2022 - 31 Jan 2025  Robert Luis Santos                 (b. 1957)
31 Jan 2025 -              Ron S. Jarmin (3rd time)(acting)   (s.a.) 


U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

[Patent and Trademark Office
                (PTO) flag (Dept of Commerce)]

Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)

10 Apr 1790 - 21 Feb 1793  Patent Board (consisting of Secretaries of State, War,
                             and the Attorney General).
21 Feb 1793 -  1 Jun 1802  Secretary of State also the Commissioner of Patents.

 1 Jun 1802                Patent and Trademark Office (within Department of State).
 3 Mar 1849                Transferred to the Department of Interior.
 1 Jul 1862                Agricultural Section of the Patent Office is separated
                             and formed into
the Department of Agriculture.
 1 Apr 1925                Transferred to the Department of Commerce. 
 2 Jan 1975                Renamed U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

Under Secretaries of Commerce for Intellectual Property and
Directors of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

29 Nov 1999 - 20 Jan 2001  Q. Todd Dickinson (acting)         (b. 1952 - d. 2020)
21 Jan 2001 -
30 Nov 2001  Nicholas P. Godici II (acting)     (b. 1950)
 
1 Dec 2001 -  9 Jan 2004  James E. Rogan                     (b. 1957)
12 Jan 2004 - 14 Nov 2008  Jonathan "Jon" Ward Dudas          (b. 1968)
                            
(acting to 30 Jul 2004) 
15 Nov 2008 - 12 Aug 2009  John J. Doll (acting)              (b. 1948 - d. 2021)
13 Aug 2009 - 31 Jan 2013  David J. Kappos                    (b. 1961)
 1 Feb 2013 - 21 Nov 2013  Teresa "Terry" Stanek Rea (f)
                             (acting)

21 Nov 2013 - 13 Jan 2014  Margaret A. "Peggy" Focarino (f)   (b. 1955) 
                             (acting)
13 Jan 2014 -  7 Jun 2017  Michelle K. Lee (f)                (b. 1965)
                             (acting to 12 Mar 2015)

 7 Jun 2017 -  8 Feb 2018  Joseph D. Matal (acting)
 8 Feb 2018 - 19 Jan 2021  Andrei Iancu                       (b. 1968)
20 Jan 2021 - 13 Apr 2022  Drew Hirshfeld (acting)
13 Apr 2022 - 12 Dec 2024  Katherine "Kathi" Vidal (f)        (b. 1968)
                             (under secretary from 19 Apr 2022)
13 Dec 2024 - 20 Jan 2025  Derrick Brent (acting)
20 Jan 2025 -              Coke Morgan Stewart (f)(acting)

Commissioners of Patents
10 Apr 1790 - 21 Feb 1793  the Patent Board
21 Feb 1793 -  1 Jun 1802  the Secretaries of State
Chiefs of Patents
(unofficially titled
Superintendents)
 1 Jun 1802 - 28 Mar 1828  William Thornton                   (b. 1759 - d. 1828)
12 Apr 1828 - 10 Jun 1829  Thomas P. Jones                    (b. 1774 - d. 1848)

11 Jun 1829 -  1 Jan 1830
 John D. Craig                      (b. 1766 - d. 1846)
Superintendents of Patents
 1 Jan 1830 - 31 Jan 1835  John D. Craig                      (s.a.)
 1 Feb 1835 - 30 Apr 1835  James Chamberlayne Pickett         (b. 1793 - d. 1872)
 1 May 1835 -  1 Jul 1835  Thomas Johns (acting)
 1 Jul 1835 - 11 Jul 1836  Henry Leavitt Ellsworth            (b. 1791 - d. 1858)
Commissioners of Patents (from 2 Jan 1975, and Trademarks)(from 25 Oct 1982,
Assistant Secretaries of Commerce and Commissioners of Patents and Trademarks)
11 Jul 1836 -  6 May 1845  Henry Leavitt Ellsworth            (s.a.)
 7 May 1845 - 10 May 1849  Edmund Burke                       (b. 1809 - d. 1882)

10 May 1849 -  8 Nov 1852  Thomas Ewbank                      (b. 1792 - d. 1870)
 8 Nov 1852 - 25 Mar 1853  Silas Henry Hodges                 (b. 1804 - d. 1875)

25 Mar 1853 - May 1853     Richard C. Weightman (acting)
16 May 1853 -  4 Aug 1857  Charles Mason                      (b. 1804 - d. 1882)

10 Sep 1857 - 14 Mar 1859  Joseph Holt                        (b. 1807 - d. 1894)
15 Mar 1859 - 22 May 1861  Samuel T. Shugert (1st time)       (b. 1809 - d. 1895)
                             (acting)

23 May 1859 - 15 Feb 1860  William Darius Bishop              (b. 1827 - d. 1904)

16 Feb 1860 - 10 Dec 1860  Philip Francis Thomas              (b. 1810 - d. 1890)

14 Dec 1860 - 27 Mar 1861  Samuel T. Shugert (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
28 Mar 1861 - 16 Aug 1865  David P. Holloway                  (b. 1809 - d. 1883)
16 Aug 1865 - 20 Jan 1868  Thomas Clarke Theaker              (b. 1812 - d. 1883)
20 Jan 1868 - 24 Jul 1868  Alexander M. Stout (acting)        (b. 1820 - d. 1895)
 1 Aug 1868 - 25 Apr 1869  Elisha Foote                       (b. 1809 - d. 1883)
26 Apr 1869 - 10 Nov 1870  Samuel Sparks Fisher               (b. 1832 - d. 1874)
10 Nov 1870 - 16 Jan 1871  Samuel A. Duncan (acting)          (b. 1836 - d. 1895)
16 Jan 1871 - 31 Oct 1874  Mortimer D. Leggett                (b. 1821 - d. 1896)
 1 Nov 1874 - 30 Sep 1875  John Marshall Thacher              (b. 1836 - d. 1897)
 1 Oct 1875 - 31 Dec 1876  Robert Holland Duell               (b. 1824 - d. 1891)
29 Jan 1877 - 31 Oct 1878  Ellis Spear                        (b. 1834 - d. 1917)
 1 Nov 1878 -  6 May 1880  Halbert Eleazer Paine              (b. 1826 - d. 1905)
 7 May 1880 - 31 Oct 1883  Edgar M. Marble                    (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
 1 Nov 1883 -  3 Mar 1885  Benjamin Butterworth (1st time)    (b. 1837 - d. 1898)
18 Mar 1885 - 11 Apr 1887  Martin Van Buren Montgomery        (b. 1840 - d. 1898)
11 Apr 1887 - 31 Mar 1889  Benton Jay Hall                    (b. 1835 - d. 1894)
 1 Apr 1889 - 31 Jul 1891  Charles Elliott Mitchell           (b. 1837 - d. 1911)
 1 Aug 1891 - 15 Apr 1893  William Edgar Simmonds             (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
16 Apr 1893 - 12 Apr 1897  John Sammis Seymour                (b. 1848 - d. 1931)
13 Apr 1897 - 16 Jan 1898  Benjamin Butterworth (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 5 Feb 1898 - 31 Mar 1901  Charles Holland Duell              (b. 1850 - d. 1920)
 1 Apr 1901 - 31 Mar 1907  Frederick Innes Allen              (b. 1859 - d. 1938)
 1 Jun 1907 - 14 Aug 1913  Edward Bruce Moore                 (b. 1851 - d. 1915)
15 Aug 1913 - 15 Aug 1917  Thomas Ewing III                   (b. 1862 - d. 1942)
27 Aug 1917 - 19 Jun 1920  James T. Newton                    (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
10 Aug 1920 -  5 Feb 1921  Robert Frederick Whitehead         (b. 1869 - d. 1951)
 3 Mar 1921 -  5 Apr 1921  Melvin H. Coulston                 (b. 1877 - d. 1952)
 6 Apr 1921 - 25 Jun 1933  Thomas E. Robertson                (b. 1871 - d. 1957)
26 Jun 1933 - 15 Jun 1945  Conway Payton Coe                  (b. 1897 - d. 1982)
20 Jul 1945 -  9 Sep 1947  Casper W. Ooms                     (b. 1902 - d. 1961)
10 Sep 1947 -  2 Dec 1949  Lawrence C. Kingsland              (b. 1884 - d. 1970)
 2 Dec 1949 -  3 Feb 1953  John A. Marzall                    (b. 1896 - d. 1959)
18 Feb 1953 -  1 Mar 1961  Robert C. Watson                   (b. 1890 - d. 1983)
17 Apr 1961 -  1 Oct 1963  David Lowell Ladd                  (b. 1926 - d. 1994)
11 Mar 1964 -  6 May 1969  Edward J. Brenner                  (b. 1923 - d. 1992)
 7 May 1969 - 25 Aug 1971  William E. Schuyler, Jr.           (b. 1914 - d. 2007)
25 Aug 1971 - 20 Jun 1973  Robert Gottschalk                  (b. 1911 - d. 1994)  
                             (acting to 7 Jan 1972)
11 Feb 1974 - 31 Aug 1977  C. Marshall Dann                   (b. 1915 - d. 2002)
31 Aug 1977 -  5 Jun 1978  Lutrelle F. P
arker, Sr. (acting)   (b. 1924 - d. 1994)
 5 Jun 1978 - 30 Jun 1979  Donald W. Banner                   (b. 1924 - d. 2006)
29 Nov 1979 - 17 Jan 1981  Sidney A. Diamond                  (b. 1914 - d. 1983)
 8 Jul 1981 - 21 Jan 1985  Gerald J. Mossinghoff              (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
17 Oct 1985 - 31 Oct 1989  Donald J. Quigg                    (b. 1916 - d. 2014)
 1 Nov 1989 - 12 Mar 1990  Jeffrey M. Samuels (acting)        (b. 1950)
12 Mar 1990 -  1 May 1992  Harry F. Manbeck, Jr.              (b. 1926 - d. 2025)
 1 May 1992 - 15 Feb 1993  Douglas B. Comer (acting)          (b. 1949)
15 Feb 1993 - 11 Aug 1993  Michael K. Kirk (acting)           (b. 1937)
11 Aug 1993 - 31 Dec 1998  Bruce A. Lehman                    (b. 1945)
 1 Jan 1999 - 29 Nov 1999  Q. Todd Dickinson (acting)         (s.a.)
Commissioners of Patents 

29 Nov 1999 - 20 Jan 2001  Q. Todd Dickinson                  (s.a.)
21 Jan 2001 - 29 Mar 2005  Nicholas P. Godici II              (s.a.)
                             (acting to 2003)

 
1 Apr 2005 - 15 Nov 2008  John J. Doll (1st time)            (s.a.)
                             (acting to 17 Aug 2005)
15 Nov 2008 - 13 Aug 2009  Margaret A. "Peggy" Focarino (f)   (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (acting)
13 Aug 2009 -
  5 Oct 2009  John J. Doll (2nd time)            (s.a.)
 5 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2011  Robert L. Stoll                    (b. 1963?)
 1 Jan 2012 - 
1 Jul 2015  Margaret A. "Peggy" Focarino (f)   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 Jul 2015 - 30 Jul 2015  Andrew I. Faile (1st time)(acting)
30 Jul 2015 -
20 Jan 2021  Drew Hirshfeld
20 Jan 2021 - 17 Jan 2023 
Andrew I. Faile (2nd time)(acting)
17 Jan 2023 -  6 Feb 2025  Vaishali Udupa (f)
 6 Feb 2025 -              Valencia Martin Wallace (f)(acting)


National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

[U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey flag,
                      1899-1965]
U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey Flag
1899 - 1965
[Environmental Science Services
                      Administration (ESSA) 1965-1970]
ESSA Flag 1965 - 1970
[National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                      Administration (NOAA) Service Flag]
NOAA Flag Adopted 1970

NOAA

10 Feb 1807                U.S. Survey of the Coast (operations began 3 Aug 1816)
                             (under Department of the Treasury).

14 Apr 1818 -  9 Aug 1832  Operations suspended.
10 Jul 1832                Survey revived with Department of Treasury.
11 Mar 1834                Transferred to the Department of the Navy.
27 Mar 1836                Returned to Treasury Department, renamed U.S. Coastal
                             Survey.
20 Jun 1878                Renamed U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
14 Feb 1903                Transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
 4 Mar 1913                Under the Department of Commerce.
13 Jul 1965                Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) created
                             (combining Coast & Geodetic Survey and Weather Bureau)
                             (within the Department of Commerce).
 3 Oct 1970                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
                             (within
Department of Commerce).

Superintendents of the Coastal Survey 
(from 20 Jun 1878, Coast and Geodetic Survey)
 3 Aug 1816 - 14 Apr 1818  Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler          (b. 1770 - d. 1843)
                             (1st time)
 9 Aug 1832 - 20 Nov 1843  Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
11 Dec 1843 - 17 Feb 1867  Alexander Dallas Bache             (b. 1806 - d. 1867)
1864 - Feb 1867            Julius Erasmus Hilgard             (b. 1825 - d. 1890)
                             (acting for Bache)
26 Feb 1867 - 1874         Benjamin Peirce                    (b. 1809 - d. 1880)
1874 - 15 Aug 1881         Carlile Pollock Patterson          (b. 1816 - d. 1881)
Aug 1881 - Jul 1885        Julius Erasmus Hilgard             (s.a.)
Jul 1885 - 1889            Frank Manly Thorn                  (b. 1836 - d. 1889)
 9 Jul 1889 - 20 Sep 1894  Thomas Corwin Menderhall           (b. 1841 - d. 1924)
Sep 1894 - 30 Nov 1897     William Ward Duffield              (b. 1804 - d. 1907)
 1 Dec 1897 - 30 Nov 1900  Henry Smith Pritchett              (b. 1857 - d. 1939)
 1 Dec 1880 - 15 Apr 1915  Otto Hilgard Tittmann              (b. 1850 - d. 1938)
15 Apr 1915 - 1919         Ernest Lester Jones                (b. 1876 - d. 1929)
Directors of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey

(from 13 Jul 1965, Deputy Administrator of ESSA)
1919 -  9 Apr 1929         Ernest Lester Jones                (s.a.)
29 Apr 1929 -  5 Nov 1937  Raymond Stanton Patton             (b. 1882 - d. 1937)
1938 -  7 Apr 1950         Leo Otis Colbert                   (b. 1883 - d. 1968)
May 1950 - Aug 1955        Robert Francis Anthony Studds      (b. 1896 - d. 1962)
13 Aug 1955 - 12 Jul 1965  H. Arnold Karo                     (b. 1903 - d. 1986) 
13 Jul 1965 -  1 Apr 1968  James C. Tison, Jr.                (b. 1908 - d. 1991) 
                             (acting to 1 Sep 1965) 
Apr 1968 - 1970            Don A. Jones                       (b. 1912 - d. 2000)
Administrator of Environmental Science Services Administration
13 Jul 1965 -  3 Oct 1970  Robert M. White                    (b. 1923 - d. 2015)
Under Secretaries of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Administrators of NOAA
 3 Oct 1970 - Jul 1977     Robert M. White                    (s.a.)
                             (acting to Dec 1971)
13 Jul 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Richard A. Frank                   (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
20 Jan 1981 - 10 Jun 1981  James "Bud" P. Walsh (acting)
10 Jun 1981 - 15 Nov 1984  John Vincent Byrne                 (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
15 Nov 1984 - 15 Sep 1987  Anthony J. Calio                   (b. 1929 - d. 2012)
                             (acting to 4 Oct 1985)
15 Sep 1987 - 31 Mar 1988  J. Curtis Mack II (acting)         (b. 1944)
31 Mar 1988 -  7 Aug 1989  William E. Evans                   (b. 1930 - d. 2010)
 7 Aug 1989 - 26 Feb 1993  John A. Knauss                     (b. 1925 - d. 2015)
26 Feb 1993 - 28 May 1993  Diana H. Josephson (f) (acting)    (b. 1936 - d. 2006)
28 May 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  Donald James Baker                 (b. 1937)
20 Jan 2001 - 10 Dec 2001  Scott B. Gudes (acting)            (b. 1956)
10 Dec 2001 - 31 Oct 2008  Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.        (b. 1942)
 1 Nov 2008 - 20 Jan 2009  William J. Brennan (acting)
20 Jan 2009 - 19 Mar 2009  Mary M. Glackin (f) (acting)

20 Mar 2009 - 
28 Feb 2013  Jane Lubchenco (f)                 (b. 1947)
28 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Kathryn D. Sullivan (f)            (b. 1951)
                             (acting to 6 Mar 2014)
20 Jan 2017 - 25 Oct 2017  Benjamin P. Friedman (1st time)    (b. 1966)
                             (acting)  
25 Oct 2017 -
25 Feb 2019  Timothy Cole Gallaudet (acting)    (b. 1967)
25 Feb 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Neil A. Jacobs, Jr. (acting)       (b. 1973)
20 Jan 2021 -
22 Jun 2021  Benjamin P. Friedman (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)  
22 Jun 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Richard "Rick" W. Spinrad          (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2025 -              Nancy A. Hann (f)(acting)          (b. 1973)


National Weather Service (NWS)

National Weather Service

1849                       Smithsonian Institution supplies weather instruments to telegraph
                             companies and establishes extensive observation network.
 9 Feb 1870                Army Weather Bureau (
within War Department, under the
                             U.S. Army Signal Corps).
 
1 Jul 1891                U.S. Weather Bureau (within Department of Agriculture).
 3 Jun 1940                Transferred to the Department of Commerce.
13 Jul 1965                Weather Bureau, part of Environmental Science Services
                             Administration (within Department of Commerce).

 3 Oct 1970                National Weather Service of NOAA (
part of NOAA).

Chief Signal Officers, U.S. Army
 
9 Feb 1870 - 24 Aug 1880  Albert James Myer                  (b. 1829 - d. 1880)
17 Dec 1880 - 16 Jan 1887  William Babcock Hazen              (b. 1830 - d. 1887) 
 
3 Mar 1887 - 1891         Adolphus Washington Greely         (b. 1844 - d. 1935) 
Chiefs of the U.S. Weather Bureau
1891 - 1895                Mark Walrod Harrington             (b. 1848 - d. 1926)
1895 - 1913                Willis Luther Moore                (b. 1856 - d. 1927)
1913 - 1934                Charles Frederick Marvin           (b. 1858 - d. 1943)
1934 - 14 Sep 1938         Willis Ray Gregg                   (b. 1880 - d. 1938)
15 Dec 1938 - 1963         Francis Wilton Reichelderfer       (b. 1895 - d. 1983)
Oct 1963 - 13 Jul 1965     Robert M. White                    (b. 1923 - d. 2015)
Director of the U.S. Weather Bureau

1965 -  3 Oct 1970         George P. Cressman                 (b. 1919 - d. 2008)
Directors of the  National Weather Service
and NOAA Assistant
Administrators for Weather Services

 
3 Oct 1970 - 1979        George P. Cressman                 (s.a.)
Feb 1979 - Mar 1988        Richard E. Hallgren                (b. 1932 - d. 2023)
Mar 1988 - Jun 1997        Elbert "Joe" W. Friday, Jr.        (b. 1939)
Jun 1997 - 26 Feb 1998     Robert S. Winokur (acting)
26 Feb 1998 -  9 Jan 2004  John "Jack" J. Kelly, Jr.          (b. 1940)
 9 Jan 2004 - 12 Jun 2007  David L. Johnson                   (b. c.1951)
12 Jun 2007 -  2 Sep 2007  Mary M. Glackin (f) (acting)
 2 Sep 2007 - 29 May 2012  John "Jack" L. Hayes
29 May 2012 - 10 Feb 2013  Laura K. Furgione (f)(acting)      (b. c.1971)
10 Feb 2013 -  1 Jan 2022  Louis W. Uccellini                 (b. 1949)
 1 Jan 2002 -  7 Jun 2022  Mary C. Erickson (f) (acting)
 7 Jun 2022 -              Kenneth "Ken" Graham


NOAA Commissioned Corps

[NOAA Commissioned
                          Corps flag (U.S.)]
Adopted 7 Mar 2002

NOAA Commissioned Corps

22 May 1917                Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
13 Jul 1965                Environmental Science Services Administration Commissioned
                             Corps
(within ESSA).
 3 Oct 1970                NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps. (within NOAA).


Superintendents, Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
22 May 1917 - 1919         the Superintendent of the U.S. Coast
                           and Geodetic Survey

Directors
, Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
1919 - 12 Jul 1965         the Directors of the U.S. Coast
                           and Geodetic Survey

Directors, Environmental Science Services Administration Commissioned Corps.
13 Jul 1965 -  3 Oct 1970  the Directors of U.S. Coast
                           and Geodetic Survey
1965 - 1967                Henry Arnold Karo                  (b. 1903 - d. 1986)
                             (deputy administrator of ESSA)
1967 - 1968                Werner A. Baum                     (b. 1923 - d. 1999)
                             (deputy administrator of ESSA)
1968 - 1970                John W. Townsend, Jr.              (b. 1924 - d. 2011)
                             (deputy administrator of ESSA)
Directors, NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps and Commanders,
NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations

1970 -  1 Jan 1981         Harley D. Nygren                   (b. 1924 - d. 2019)

1981 - 1986                Kelly E. Taggart                   (b. 1932 - d. 2014)
1986 - 1990                Francis D. "Bill" Moran            (b. 1935)
1990 – 1994                Sigmund R. Petersen
22 May 1995 -  1 Mar 1999  William L. Stubblefield            (b. 1940)
27 Jul 1999 –  1 Dec 2003  Evelyn J. Fields (f)               (b. 1949)
 2 Aug 2004 –  5 Oct 2007  Samuel P. De Bow, Jr.              (b. 1953)
 
5 Oct 2007 - 14 Aug 2012  Jonathan W. Bailey
14 Aug 2012 -  1 Jan 2014  Michael S. Devany
 2 Jan 2014 -  6 Sep 2017  David A. Score
 6 Sep 2017 -  1 Apr 2021  Michael J. Silah                   (b. 1970)
 1 Apr 2021 - 15 Jul 2024  Nancy A. Hann (f)                  (b. 1973)
                             (acting to 16 Nov 2021)
15 Jul 2024 -              Chad M. Cary
                             (acting to Sep 2024)


National Recovery Administration

[National
                  Recovery Administration flag 1933-1935 (U.S.)]

16 Jun 1933                National Recovery Administration established, as an independent
                             agency, to administer the National Industrial Recovery Act.
15 Jun 1935                Office of the Administrator, National Recovery Administration.
 1 Apr 1936                Dissolved, remaining functions transferred to Departments of
                             Commerce and Labor.

Administrator for National Recovery

16 Jun 1933 - 24 Sep 1934  Hugh S. Johnson                    (b. 1881 - d. 1942)
Chairmen of the National Industrial Recovery Board       
27 Sep 1934 - 22 Mar 1935  Samuel Clay Williams               (b. 1884 - d. 1949)
22 Mar 1935 - 15 Jun 1935  Donald R. Richberg (acting)        (b. 1881 - d. 1960)
Administrators of the Office of National Recovery Administration
15 Jun 1935 - 24 Aug 1935  James L. O'Neill (acting)          (b. 1881 - d. 1945)
24 Aug 1935 - 31 Dec 1935  Laurence J. Martin (acting)        (b. 1888 - d. 1956)
 1 Jan 1936 -  1 Apr 1936  Earle W. Dahlberg (acting)         (b. 1893 - d. 1958)



Department of Labor

[Flag of U.S. Department
                      of Labor 1915-1963]
15 Oct 1915 - 1963
[U.S. Department of Labor flag] Adopted 1963

Department of Labor (DOL)

27 Jun 1884                Bureau of Labor (within the Department of Interior).
21 Mar 1888                Department of Labor established as a non-cabinet agency.
14 Feb 1903 -  4 Mar 1913  Part of Department of Commerce and Labor as Bureau of Labor.
 4 Mar 1913                Department of Labor
(a cabinet post).

Commissioners of Labor
31 Jan 1885 - 31 Jan 1905  Carroll D. Wright                  (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
 
1 Feb 1905 -  4 Mar 1913  Charles P. Neill                   (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
Secretaries of Labor
 5 Mar 1913 -  4 Mar 1921  William B. Wilson                  (b. 1862 - d. 1934)
 5 Mar 1921 -  9 Dec 1930  James J. Davis                     (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
 9 Dec 1930 -  4 Mar 1933  William N. Doak                    (b. 1882 - d. 1933)
 4 Mar 1933 - 30 Jun 1945  Frances Perkins (f)                (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
 1 Jul 1945 - 10 Jun 1948  Lewis B. Schwellenbach             (b. 1894 - d. 1948)
11 Jun 1948 - 13 Aug 1948  David A. Morse (acting)            (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
13 Aug 1948 - 20 Jan 1953  Maurice J. Tobin                   (b. 1901 - d. 1953)
                             (acting to 1 Feb 1949)
21 Jan 1953 -  8 Oct 1953  Martin P. Durkin                   (b. 1894 - d. 1955)
 9 Oct 1953 - 20 Jan 1961  James P. Mitchell                  (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
                             (acting to 19 Jan 1954)
21 Jan 1961 - 25 Sep 1962  Arthur J. Goldberg                 (b. 1908 - d. 1990)
25 Sep 1962 - 20 Jan 1969  W. Willard Wirtz                   (b. 1912 - d. 2010)
21 Jan 1969 -  2 Jul 1970  George P. Shultz                   (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
 2 Jul 1970 -  2 Feb 1973  James D. Hodgson                   (b. 1915 - d. 2012)
 2 Feb 1973 - 15 Mar 1975  Peter J. Brennan                   (b. 1918 - d. 1996)
12 Mar 1975 - 18 Mar 1975  Richard F. Schubert (acting)       (b. 1936 - d. 2024)
18 Mar 1975 - 31 Jan 1976  John T. Dunlop                     (b. 1914 - d. 2003)

 
1 Feb 1976 - 10 Feb 1976  Robert O. Aders (acting)           (b. 1927 - d. 2020)
10 Feb 1976 - 20 Jan 1977  William "Willie" J. Usery, Jr.
     (b. 1923 - d. 2016)
20 Jan 1977 - 26 Jan 1977  Alfred Gerhardt Albert (acting)    (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
26 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  "Freddie" Ray Marshall             (b. 1928)
20 Jan 1981 -  4 Feb 1981  Alfred M. Zuck (acting)            (b. 1934 - d. 2024)
 4 Feb 1981 - 15 Mar 1985  Raymond "Ray" J. Donovan           (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
                             (on leave from 1 Oct 1984)
 1 Oct 1984 - 29 Apr 1985  Ford Barney Ford                   (b. 1922 - d. 2015)
                             (acting [for Donovan to 15 Mar 1985])
29 Apr 1985 - 31 Oct 1987  William E. Brock III               (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
31 Oct 1987 - 14 Dec 1987  Dennis E. Whitfield (1st time)     (b. 1948)
                             (acting)
14 Dec 1987 - 20 Jan 1989  Ann Dore McLaughlin (f)            (b. 1941 - d. 2023)
20 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1989  Dennis E. Whitfield (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
25 Jan 1989 - 24 Nov 1990  Elizabeth Dole (f)                 (b. 1936)
24 Nov 1990 -  7 Feb 1991  Roderick A. DeArment (acting)      (b. 1948)
 7 Feb 1991 - 20 Jan 1993  Lynn Morley Martin (f)             (b. 1939)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 1997  Robert Reich                       (b. 1946)
20 Jan 1997 -  9 May 1997  Cynthia A. Metzler (f)(acting)     (b. 1948)
 9 May 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Alexis Herman (f)                  (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2001 - 29 Jan 2001  Henry L. Solano (acting)           (b. 1950)
29 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009  Elaine L. Chao (f)                 (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2009 -  2 Feb 2009  Howard M. Radzely (acting)         (b. 1970)
 2 Feb 2009 - 24 Feb 2009  Edward C. Hugler (1st time)(acting)(b. 1950)
24 Feb 2009 - 22 Jan 2013  Hilda L. Solis (f)                 (b. 1957)
23 Jan 2013 - 23 Jul 2013  Seth D. Harris (acting)            (b. 1962)
23 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Thomas E. Perez                    (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2017 -
28 Apr 2017  Edward C. Hugler (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
28 Apr 2017 - 19 Jul 2019  Alexander "Alex" Acosta            (b. 1969)
19 Jul 2019 - 30 Sep 2019  Patrick Pizzella (acting)          (b. 1954)
30 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Eugene Scalia                      (b. 1963)
20 Jan 2021 -
23 Mar 2021  Milton Al Stewart (acting)         (b. 1955)
23 Mar 2021 - 11 Mar 2023  Martin "Marty" J. Walsh            (b. 1967)
11 Mar 2023 - 20 Jan 2025  Julie A. Su (f) (acting)           (b. 1969)
20 Jan 2025 -
11 Mar 2025  Vincent "Vince" Micone (acting)  
11 Mar 2025 -              Lori M. Chavez-DeRemer (f)         (b. 1968)



Department of Housing and Urban Development

[former Department of
                      Housing and Urban Development flag 1967-c.2008]
13 Jan 1967 - c.2008
[U.S.
                      Department of Housing and Urban Development flag]
Adopted c.2008

Department of Housing and Urban Development  (HUD)

 9 Sep 1965                Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Secretaries
18 Jan 1966 -  7 Jan 1969  Robert C. Weaver                   (b. 1907 - d. 1997)
 
7 Jan 1969 - 21 Jan 1969  Robert C. Wood (acting)            (b. 1923 - d. 2005)
22 Jan 1969 -  2 Feb 1973  George W. Romney                   (b. 1907 - d. 1995)
 2 Feb 1973 - 10 Mar 1975  James T. Lynn                      (b. 1927 - d. 2010)
10 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  Carla A. Hills (f)                 (b. 1934)
21 Jan 1977 -  3 Aug 1979  Patricia Roberts Harris (f)        (b. 1924 - d. 1985)
 3 Aug 1979 - 14 Sep 1979  Jay Janis (acting)                 (b. 1932 - d. 1992)
14 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  Maurice E. "Moon" Landrieu         (b. 1930 - d. 2022)
23 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989  Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.              (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
20 Jan 1989 - 13 Feb 1989  J. Michael Dorsey (acting)         (b. 1943)
13 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Jack F. Kemp                       (b. 1935 - d. 2009)
22 Jan 1993 - 29 Jan 1997  Henry G. Cisneros                  (b. 1947)
29 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Andrew M. Cuomo                    (b. 1957)
20 Jan 2001 - 24 Jan 2001  William C. Apgar, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1946)
24 Jan 2001 - 12 Dec 2003  Melquiades "Mel" R. Martinez Ruiz  (b. 1946)
12 Dec 2003 - 18 Apr 2008  Alphonso Jackson                   (b. 1945)
                             (acting to 1 Sep 2004)
18 Apr 2008 -  4 Jun 2008  Roy A. Bernardi (acting)           (b. 1942)
 5 Jun 2008 - 20 Jan 2009  Steven C. Preston                  (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009  Brian D. Montgomery (acting)       (b. 1956)
26 Jan 2009 - 28 Jul 2014  Shaun L
awrence Sarda Donovan       (b. 1966)
28 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  Julián Castro                      (b. 1974)
20 Jan 2017 -  2 Mar 2017  Craig T. Clemmensen (acting)       (b. 1958)
 2 Mar 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  Benjamin "Ben" S. Carson, Sr.      (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2021 -
10 Mar 2021  Matthew "Matt" E. Ammon (1st time)
                             (acting)
10 Mar 2021 - 22 Mar 2024  Marcia L. Fudge (f)                (b. 1952)
22 Mar 2024 - 20 Jan 2025  Adrianne R. Todman (f) (acting)
20 Jan 2025 -  5 Feb 2025  Matthew "Matt" E. Ammon (2nd time)
                             (acting)  
 5 Feb 2025 -              Eric S. Turner                     (b. 1972)



Department of Transportation

[U.S. Department of Transportation flag,
                      1967-1982] 1 Apr 1968 - 5 Feb 1982
[U.S.
                      Department of Transportation flag] Adopted 5 Feb 1982
[U.S. Department of Transportation flag
                      Variant from c.2009] DOT Variant from c.2009

Department of Transportation (DOT)

15 Oct 1966                Department of Transportation (DOT) established. 

Secretaries
16 Jan 1967 - 20 Jan 1969  Alan Stephenson Boyd               (b. 1922 - d. 2020)
21 Jan 1969 -  1 Feb 1973  John Anthony Volpe                 (b. 1908 - d. 1994)
 2 Feb 1973 -  1 Feb 1975  Claude Stout Brinegar              (b. 1926 - d. 2009)
 2 Feb 1975 -  6 Mar 1975  John Wallace Barnum (acting)       (b. 1928 - d. 2018)
 
7 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.      (b. 1920 - d. 2017)
21 Jan 1977 - 20 Jul 1979  Brockman Adams                     (b. 1927 - d. 2004)
21 Jul 1979 - 15 Aug 1979  W. Graham Clayton, Jr. (acting)    (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
15 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  Neil Edward Goldschmidt            (b. 1940 - d. 2024)
                             (acting to 21 Sep 1979)
23 Jan 1981 -  1 Feb 1983  Andrew "Drew" Lindsay Lewis, Jr.   (b. 1931 - d. 2016)
 1 Feb 1983 -  7 Feb 1983  Darrell Melvin Trent (acting)      (b. 1938)
 7 Feb 1983 - 30 Sep 1987  Elizabeth Hanford Dole (f)         (b. 1936)
 1 Oct 1987 - 20 Jan 1989  James Horace Burnley IV            (b. 1948)
                             (acting to 2 Dec 1987)
20 Jan 1989 -  6 Feb 1989  Mimi Weyforth Dawson (f) (acting)  (b. 1944)
 6 Feb 1989 - 16 Dec 1991  Samuel Knox Skinner                (b. 1938)
16 Dec 1991 - 23 Feb 1992  James Buchanan Busey IV (acting)   (b. 1932 - d. 2023)
24 Feb 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Andrew Hill Card, Jr.              (b. 1947)
21 Jan 1993 - 14 Feb 1997  Federico Fabian Peña               (b. 1947)
14 Feb 1997 - 20 Jan 2001  Rodney Earl Slater                 (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2001 - 25 Jan 2001  Mortimer "Mort" Leo Downey III     (b. 1936 - d. 2023)
                            
(acting)
25 Jan 2001 -  7 Jul 2006  Norman Y. Mineta                   (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
 8 Jul 2006 - 17 Oct 2006  Maria Cino (f) (acting)            (b. 1957)
17 Oct 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Mary Peters (f)                    (b. 1948)
20 Jan 2009 - 23 Jan 2009  Thomas J. Barrett (acting)         (b. 1947)
23 Jan 2009 -  2 Jul 2013  Raymond "Ray" H. LaHood            (b. 1945)
 2 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Anthony Foxx                       (b. 1971)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jan 2017  Michael Peter Huerta (acting)      (b. 1956)
31 Jan 2017 - 11 Jan 2021 
Elaine Lan Chao (f)                (b. 1953)
11 Jan 2021 -
20 Jan 2021  Steven G. Bradbury (acting)        (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 -  3 Feb 2021  Lana T. Hurdle (f) (acting)
 3 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Peter "Pete" Buttigieg             (b. 1982)
20 Jan 2025 - 28 Jan 2025  Judith S. Kaleta (f)(acting)
28 Jan 2025 -              Sean P. Duffy                      (b. 1971)


Federal Aviation Administration

[Flag of Federal
                      Aviation Agency (FAA) 1958-1967 (U.S.)]
1958 - 1967
[Flag of Federal Aviation Administration
                      (FAA)(U.S.)]
Adopted 20 May 1967

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

20 May 1926                Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce.
 1 Jul 1934                Bureau of Air Commerce under Department of Commerce.
22 Aug 1938                Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA)(an independent agency).
30 Jun 1940                Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) under Department of Commerce
31 Dec 1958                Federal Aviation Agency (FAA)(an independent agency).
 1 Apr 1967                Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Department of
                             Transportation.

Assistant Secretaries of Commerce for Aeronautics
11 Aug 1926 -  1 Oct 1929  William Patterson MacCracken, Jr.  (b. 1888 - d. 1969)
 1 Oct 1929 - 15 Jun 1933  Clarence Marshall Young            (b. 1889 - d. 1973)
16 Jun 1933 - 15 Jun 1935  Ewing Y. Mitchell, Jr.             (b. 1873 - d. 1954)
Director of Aeronautics

15 Jun 1933 - 19 Sep 1933  Vacant
19 Sep 1933 - 30 Jun 1934  Eugene Luther Vidal                (b. 1895 - d. 1969)
Directors of Air Commerce
 1 Jul 1934 - 28 Feb 1937  Eugene Luther Vidal                (s.a.)
 1 Mar 1937 - 15 Apr 1938  Frederick D. Fagg, Jr.             (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
16 Apr 1938 - 21 Aug 1938  Denis Mulligan                     (b. 1900 - d. 1983)
Chairmen of
the Civil Aeronautics Authority
22 Aug 1938 - 12 Apr 1939  Edward John Noble                  (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
12 Apr 1939 - 30 Jun 1940  Robert Henry Hinckley              (b. 1891 - d. 1988)
Administrator of the Bureau of Air Commerce
22 Aug 1934 - 30 Jun 1940  Clinton Monroe Hester              (b. 1895 - d. 1971)
Administrators of Civil Aeronautics
11 Jul 1940 - 15 Jan 1942  Donald Hilary Connolly             (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
15 Jan 1942 - 23 Sep 1944  Charles Ingram Stanton             (b. 1893 - d. 1986)
                             
(acting to 20 Jul 1942)
23 Sep 1944 -  1 Mar 1948  Theodore Paul Wright               (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
 
1 Mar 1948 -  1 Jun 1948  Frederick B. Lee (1st time)(acting)(b. 1906 - d. 1992) 
 
1 Jun 1948 -  4 Oct 1950  Delos W. Rentzel                   (b. 1909 - d. 1991)
 4 Oct 1950 - 18 May 1951  Donald W. Nyrop                    (b. 1912 - d. 2010)
18 May 1951 -  6 Mar 1953  Charles Frederick Horne            (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
 
6 Mar 1953 - 10 Dec 1955  Frederick B. Lee (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                            
(acting to 27 Apr 1953)
12 Dec 1955 -  5 Sep 1956  Charles J. Lowen, Jr.              (b. 1915 - d. 1956)
 
6 Sep 1956 - 30 Dec 1958  James T. Pyle                      (b. 1913 - d. 1998)
                            
(acting to 26 Dec 1956)    
Administrators of the Federal Aviation Administration

31 Dec 1958 - 20 Jan 1961  Elwood R. Quesada                  (b. 1904 - d. 1993)
20 Jan 1961 -  3 Mar 1961  James T. Pyle (acting)             (s.a.)
 3 Mar 1961 -  1 Jul 1965  Najeeb E. Halaby                   (b. 1915 - d. 2003)
 1 Jul 1965 - 31 Jul 1968  William F. McKee                   (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
31 Jul 1968 - 24 Mar 1969  David Duvall Thomas (acting)       (b. 1913 - d. 1998)
24 Mar 1969 - 14 Mar 1973  John H. Shaffer                    (b. 1919 - d. 1997)
14 Mar 1973 - 31 Mar 1975  Alexander P. Butterfield           (b. 1926)
31 Mar 1975 - 24 Nov 1975  James E. Dow (acting)              (b. 1921 - d. 1988)
24 Nov 1975 -  1 Apr 1977  John L. McLucas                    (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
 1 Apr 1977 -  4 May 1977  Quentin S. Taylor (acting)         (b. 1936 - d. 2010)
 4 May 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Langhorne McCook Bond              (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 1981 - 22 Apr 1981  Charles E. Weithoner (acting)      (b. 1931 - d. 2011)
22 Apr 1981 - 31 Jan 1984  J. Lynn Helms                      (b. 1925 - d. 2011)
31 Jan 1984 - 10 Apr 1984  Michael J. Fenello (acting)        (b. 1916 - d. 1997)
10 Apr 1984 -  2 Jul 1987  Donald D. Engen                    (b. 1924 - d. 1999)
 2 Jul 1987 - 22 Jul 1987  Robert E. Whittington (1st time)   (b. 1929 - d. 2012)
                             (acting)
22 Jul 1987 - 17 Feb 1989  T. Allan McArtor                   (b. 1942)
17 Feb 1989 - 30 Jun 1989  Robert E. Whittington (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)

30 Jun 1989 -  4 Dec 1991  James Buchanan Busey IV            (b. 1932 - d. 2023)
 4 Dec 1991 - 27 Jun 1992  Barry Lambert Harris (acting)      (b. 1939 - d. 2023)
27 Jun 1992 - 20 Jan 1993  Thomas C. Richards                 (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
20 Jan 1993 - 10 Aug 1993  Joseph M. Del Balzo (acting)       (b. 1936 - d. 2022)
10 Aug 1993 -  9 Nov 1996  David R. Hinson                    (b. 1933 - d. 2023)
 9 Nov 1996 - 31 Jan 1997  Linda Hall Daschle (f) (acting)    (b. 1955)
 1 Feb 1997 -  4 Aug 1997  Barry L. Valentine (acting)        (b. 1943)
 4 Aug 1997 -  2 Aug 2002  Jane F. Garvey (f)                 (b. 1944)
 2 Aug 2002 - 13 Sep 2002  Monte R. Belger (acting)           (b. 1946)
13 Sep 2002 - 13 Sep 2007  Marion Blakey (f)                  (b. 1948)
13 Sep 2007 - 16 Jan 2009  Robert "Bobby" A. Sturgell (acting)(b. 1959)
16 Jan 2009 -  1 Jun 2009  Lynne A. Osmus (f) (acting)
 1 Jun 2009 -  6 Dec 2011  J. Randolph "Randy" Babbitt        (b. 1946)
 6 Dec 2011 -  7 Jan 2018  Michael Peter Huerta
              (b. 1956) 
                             (acting to 7 Jan 2013)
 7 Jan 2018 -
12 Aug 2019  Daniel "Dan" K. Elwell (acting)    (b. 1960)
12 Aug 2019 - 31 Mar 2022  Stephen M. Dickson                 (b. 1957)
 1 Apr 2022 -  8 Jun 2023  Billy Nolen (acting)
 8 Jun 2023 - 27 Oct 2023  Polly E. Trottenberg (f) (acting)  (b. 1964)
27 Oct 2023 - 20 Jan 2025  Michael G. Whitaker                (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2025 - 30 Jan 2025  Mark S. House (acting)
30 Jan 2025 -              Chris J. Rocheleau (acting)


Maritime Administration (and Merchant Marine)
 
[U.S. Shipping
                          Board flag 1917-1933]
U.S. Shipping Board Flag
 1917 - 1933
[U.S.
                          Shipping Board Bureau flag 1933-36]
U.S. Shipping Board Bureau Flag
1933 - 1936
[U.S. Maritime Commission flag
                          1936-1950]
U.S. Maritime Commission Flag
1936 - 1950
   
[U.S. Maritime
                          Administration flag]
U.S. Maritime Administration Flag
Adopted 27 Dec 1950
[U.S. Maritime Service Flag
                          1938-1950]
U.S. Maritime Service Flag
1938 - 24 May 1950
[U.S. Merchant
                          Marine flag]
U.S. Merchant Marine Flag
Adopted 24 May 1994

Maritime Administration (MARAD)

12 Jun 1775                U.S. Merchant Marine founded (no centralized administration).
30 Jan 1917 - 10 Aug 1933  U.S. Shipping Board (an independent agency).
10 Aug 1933 - 29 Jun 1936  U.S. Shipping Board Bureau (within the Department of Commerce).
29 Jun 1936 - 24 May 1950  U.S. Maritime Commission (an independent agency).
15 Mar 1938                U.S. Merchant Marine Cadet Corps and U.S. Maritime Service
                             officially founded (under
U.S. Maritime Commission).
 7 Feb 1942 -  1 Sep 1946  Fleet operations transferred from the Maritime Commission to the
                             War Shipping Administration (WSA).
24 May 1950                Maritime Commission is abolished and functions divided between the
                             U.S. Federal Maritime Commission
(an independent agency) and the
                             U.S. Maritime Administration (responsible for administering the
                             operating programs, the National Defense Reserve Fleet, and
                             the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy).
24 May 1950                Maritime Administration (MARAD)(under Department of Commerce).
 6 Aug 1981                Under the Department of Transportation.

Chairmen of the U.S. Shipping Board 
30 Jan 1917 - 24 Jul 1917  William Denman                     (b. 1872 - d. 1959)
27 Jul 1917 - 31 Jul 1919  Edward Nash Hurley                 (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
 
5 Aug 1919 - 13 Mar 1920  John Barton Payne                  (b. 1855 - d. 1935)
13 Mar 1920 - 13 Jun 1921  William Shepherd Benson            (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
13 Jun 1921 - 30 Jun 1923  Albert Davis Lasker                (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
 
1 Jul 1923 - 28 Jan 1924  Edward P. Farley                   (b. 1886 - d. 1956)
 
5 Feb 1924 -  4 Mar 1933  Thomas V. O'Connor                 (b. 1870 - d. 1935)
15 Mar 1933 -  9 Aug 1933  Hutchinson Ingham Cone             (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
Directors of the U.S. Shipping Board Bureau
10 Aug 1933 - 10 Jan 1934  Hutchinson Ingham Cone             (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
10 Jan 1934 -  1 May 1934  Henry H. Heimann                   (b. 1891 - d. 1958)    
 
1 May 1934 - 25 Sep 1936  James Craig Peacock                (b. 1888 - d. 1977)
                             (acting to 13 Sep 1934)
Chairmen of the
U.S. Maritime Commission
26 Sep 1936 - 15 Apr 1937  Henry Aristo Wiley                 (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
16 Apr 1937 - 17 Feb 1938  Joseph Patrick Kennedy             (b. 1888 - d. 1969)
18 Feb 1938 - 15 Jan 1946  Emory Scott Land                   (b. 1879 - d. 1971)
                            (from 7 Feb 1942, administrator of
                            
War Shipping Administration)
15 Jan 1946 -  1 Sep 1946  Granville Conway                   (b. 1898 - d. 1969)
                            (administrator of War Shipping Administration;
                             acting to Jul 1946

15 Jan 1946 -  3 Jun 1946  Edward Macauley (acting)           (b. 1875 - d. 1964)
 
3 Jun 1946 - 16 Apr 1949  William Ward Smith                 (b. 1888 - d. 1966)

16 Apr 1949 -  6 Jun 1949  J. Grenville Mellen (acting)       (b. 1888 - d. 1960)
 6 Jun 1949 - 23 May 1950  Philip B. Fleming                  (b. 1877 - d. 1955)
Administrators of the U.S. Maritime Administration
24 May 1950 -  7 Aug 1950  John T. Koehler (acting)           (b. 1904 - d. 1989)
 7 Aug 1950 -  1 Oct 1952  Edward L. Cochrane                 (b. 1892 - d. 1959)
 2 Oct 1952 - 30 Jun 1953  Albert W. Gatov                    (b. 1907 - d. 1978)
 1 Jul 1953 - 25 Feb 1955  Louis S. Rothschild                (b. 1900 - d. 1984)
25 Feb 1955 - 16 Mar 1955  Walter C. Ford (1st time)(acting)  (b. 1903 - d. 1999)
16 Mar 1955 -  1 May 1960  Clarence G. Morse                  (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
 1 May 1960 -  1 Jul 1960  Walter C. Ford (2nd time)(acting)  (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1960 - 22 Feb 1961  Ralph E. Wilson                    (b. 1902 - d. 1990)
23 Feb 1961 -  8 Oct 1961  Thomas E. Stakem (acting)          (b. 1907 - d. 1995)
 9 Oct 1961 - 31 Oct 1963  Donald W. Alexander                (b. 1904 - d. 1994)
31 Oct 1963 -  2 Mar 1964  James W. Gulick (1st time)(acting) (b. 1910 - d. 2012)
 2 Mar 1964 - 30 Jun 1966  Nicholas Johnson                   (b. 1934)
30 Jun 1966 - Mar 1969     James W. Gulick (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
25 Mar 1969 -  6 Jul 1972  Andrew E. Gibson                   (b. 1922 - d. 2001)
 7 Jul 1972 -  9 Apr 1979  Robert J. Blackwell                (b. 1925 - d. 2024)
 9 Apr 1979 - 31 Jul 1981  Samuel B. Nemirow (acting to 1980) (b. 1940)
1981                       Warren G. Leback
(1st time)(acting)(b. 1924 - d. 2019)
19 Oct 1981 - 31 May 1985  Harold E. Shear                    (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
 1
Jun 1985 - 1985         Garrett E. Brown, Jr. (acting)     (b. 1943)
26 Nov 1985 - 19 Mar 1989  John A. Gaughan                    (b. 1947)
Mar 1989 - 1989            William A. Creelman, Jr. (acting)  (b. 1928 - d. 2023)
11 Oct 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Warren G. Leback (2nd time)        (s.a.)
20 Jan 1993 - 1993         Richard E. Bowman (acting)         (b. 1935 - d. 2007)
Jun 1993 - 14 Sep 1993     Joan B. Yim (f) (acting)           (b. 1944)
14 Sep 1993 - 30 Jun 1997  Albert J. Herberger                (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
30 Jun 1997 -  6 Aug 1998  John E. Graykowski (1st time)      (b. 1953)
                             (acting)
 
6 Aug 1998 - May 2000     Clyde J. Hart, Jr.                 (b. 1946)
22 May 2000 -  4 Nov 2000  John E. Graykowski (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 
4 Nov 2000 -  6 Dec 2001  Bruce J. Carlton (acting)
 6 Dec 2001 - 12 Feb 2005  William G. Schubert                (b. 1952)
12 Feb 2005 -  1 May 2006  John E. Jamian (acting)            (b. 1954)
 1 May 2006 -  6 Sep 2006  Julie A. Nelson (f)(acting)
 6 Sep 2006 - 20 Jan 2009  Sean T. Connaughton                (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2009 - 30 Jul 2009  James E. Caponiti (acting)
30 Jul 2009 -  4 Jun 2013  David T. Matsuda                   (b. 1972)
                             (acting to 25 Jun 2010)
 4 Jun 2013 -  7 Jan 2017  Paul N.
"Chip" Jaenichen, Sr.      (b. 1960)
                             (acting to 25 Jul 2014)
 7 Jan 2017 - 23? Jan 2017 Michael J. Rodriguez (acting)
23? Jan 2017 - 8 Aug 2017  Joel M. Szabat (acting)            (b. 1959)
 8 Aug 2017 - 11 Jan 2021  Mark H. "Buz" Buzby                (b. 1956)
12 Jan 2021 - 21 Jan 2021  Douglas Burnett (acting)
21 Jan 2021 - 16 May 2022  Lucinda Davis Lessley (f) (acting) (b. 1973)  
16 May 2022 - 12 Jan 2025 
Ann Claire Phillips (f)            (b. 1970)
13 Jan 2025 -              Charles Makings (acting)



Department of Energy

[U.S. Department of
                        Energy flag]
Adopted 15 May 1978

Department of Energy (DOE)

 4 Aug 1977                Department of Energy (merger of ERDA and Federal Energy
                             Administration).

Secretaries

 5 Aug 1977 - 24 Aug 1979  James R. Schlesinger               (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
24 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  Charles W. Duncan, Jr.             (b. 1926 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 1981 - 23 Jan 1981  William W. Lewis (acting)          (b. 1942)
23 Jan 1981 -  5 Nov 1982  James B. Edwards                   (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
 5 Nov 1982 -  7 Feb 1985  Donald P. Hodel                    (b. 1935)
                             (acting to 8 Dec 1982)
 7 Feb 1985 - 20 Jan 1989  John S. Herrington                 (b. 1939)
20 Jan 1989 -  1 Mar 1989  Donna R. Fitzpatrick (f) (acting)  (b. 1948)
 1 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  James D. Watkins                   (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
20 Jan 1993 - 22 Jan 1993  Linda G. Stuntz (f) (acting)       (b. 1954)
22 Jan 1993 - 12 Mar 1997  Hazel O'Leary (f)                  (b. 1937)
12 Mar 1997 - 30 Jun 1998  Federico F. Peña                   (b. 1947)
 1 Jul 1998 - 18 Aug 1998  Elizabeth A. Moler (f) (acting)    (b. 1949)
18 Aug 1998 - 20 Jan 2001  William "Bill" Richardson          (b. 1947 - d. 2023)
20 Jan 2001 -  1 Feb 2005  Spencer Abraham                    (b. 1952)
 1 Feb 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Samuel Wright Bodman               (b. 1938 - d. 2018)
21 Jan 2009 - 23 Apr 2013  Steven Chu                         (b. 1948)
23 Apr 2013 - 21 May 2013  Daniel B. Poneman (acting)         (b. 1956)
21 May 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Ernest J. Moniz                    (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2017 -  2 Mar 2017  Grace M. Bochenek (f) (acting)     (b. 1961)
 2 Mar 2017 -  1 Dec 2019  James Richard "Rick" Perry         (b. 1950)
 2 Dec 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Danny Ray Brouillette              (b. 1962)
                             (acting to 4 Dec 2019)
20 Jan 2021 -
25 Feb 2021  David G. Huizenga (acting)
25 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Jennifer Mulhern Granholm (f)      (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2025 -  3 Feb 2025  Ingrid Ann Christner Kolb (f)      (b. 1958?)
                             (acting)
 3 Feb 2025 -              Christopher "Chris" A. Wright      (b. 1965)


Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

[U.S. Atomic Energy
                        Commission (AEC) flag 1949-1975]
1949 - 18 Jan 1975

 1 Aug 1946                Atomic Energy Commission (an independent agency).
18 Jan 1975                Divided in two, with its research and development
                             responsibilities assumed by the Energy Research and Development
                             Administration (ERDA), and its regulatory ones by the
                             Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

Chairmen
 1 Nov 1946 - 15 Feb 1950  David Eli Lilienthal               (b. 1899 - d. 1981)
15 Feb 1950 - 11 Jul 1950  Sumner T. Pike (acting)            (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
11 Jul 1950 - 30 Jun 1953  Gordon Evans Dean                  (b. 1905 - d. 1958)
 2 Jul 1953 - 30 Jun 1958  Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss         (b. 1896 - d. 1974)

 1 Jul 1958 - 14 Jul 1958  Willard F. Libby (acting)          (b. 1908 - d. 1980)
14 Jul 1958 - 20 Jan 1961  John Alex McCone                   (b. 1902 - d. 1991)

20 Jan 1961 -  1 Mar 1961  John S. Graham (acting)            (b. 1905 - d. 1976)
 1 Mar 1961 - 16 Aug 1971  Glenn Theodore Seaborg             (b. 1912 - d. 1999)
17 Aug 1971 -  5 Feb 1973  James Rodney Schlesinger           (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
 6 Feb 1973 - 18 Jan 1975  Dixy Lee Ray (f)                   (b. 1914 - d. 1994)


Federal Energy Administration

18 Apr 1973                National Energy Office (in Executive Office of the President).
29 Jun 1973                Renamed Energy Policy Office.
 4 Dec 1973                Renamed Federal Energy Office.
28 Jun 1974                Federal Energy Administration (FEA)(an independent agency).
 1 Oct 1977                Merged into the Department of Energy.

Special Assistant to the President for
Energy
18 Apr 1973 - 16 Jul 1973  Charles J. DiBona                  (b. 1932)
Director of the Energy Policy Office
16 Jul 1973 -  4 Dec 1973  John A. Love                       (b. 1916 - d. 2002)
Directors of the Federal Energy Office
 4 Dec 1973 -  9 May 1974  William E. Simon                   (b. 1927 - d. 2000)
 9 May 1974 - 28 Jun 1974  John C. Sawhill                    (b. 1936 - d. 2000)
Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration
28 Jun 1974 - 18 Dec 1974  John C. Sawhill                    (s.a.)
18 Dec 1974 - 15 Jan 1977  Frank G. Zarb                      (b. 1935)
15 Jan 1977 -  5 Feb 1977  Gorman C. Smith (acting)           (b. 1928 - d. 1988)
 5 Feb 1977 - 30 Sep 1977  John O'Leary                       (b. 1926 - d. 1987)


Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) 

[Energy Research and
                Development Administration (ERDA) flag 1975-1977]

19 Jan 1975                Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)(an
                             independent agency) created from the research and development
                             responsibilities of the Atomic Energy Commission.

 1 Oct 1977                Merged into the Department of Energy.

Administrators
19 Jan 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  Robert C. Seamans, Jr.             (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
20 Jan 1977 - 30 Sep 1977  Robert W. Fri (acting)             (b. 1935 - d. 2014)


Department of Health and Human Services
 
[U.S. Federal Security Agency flag
                          1939-1953]
1939 - 1953
[U.S. Department
                          of Health, Education and Welfare 1953-1980]
17 Dec 1953 - 4 May 1980
[U.S.
                          Department of Health and Human Services flag]
Adopted 28 Nov 1980

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

 1 Jul 1939                Federal Security Agency (FSA)(an independent agency).
11 Apr 1953                Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), a cabinet
                             level department.
 4 May 1980                Divided into Department of Health and Human Services
                             (HHS), and Department of Education (signed 27 Sep 1979).

Administrators of the Federal Security Agency
12 Jul 1939 - 14 Sep 1945  Paul Vories McNutt                 (b. 1891 - d. 1955)
14 Sep 1945 - 18 Aug 1947  Watson B. Miller                   (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
                            
(acting to 11 Oct 1945)
19 Aug 1947 - 20 Jan 1953  Oscar R. Ewing                     (b. 1889 - d. 1980)
21 Jan 1953 - 11 Apr 1953  Oveta Culp Hobby (f)               (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
Secretaries of Health, Education and Welfare
11 Apr 1953 - 31 Jul 1955  Oveta Culp Hobby (f)               (s.a.)
 1 Aug 1955 - 31 Jul 1958  Marion B. Folsom                   (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
 1 Aug 1958 - 20 Jan 1961  Arthur S. Flemming                 (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
21 Jan 1961 - 13 Jul 1962  Abraham A. Ribicoff                (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
13 Jul 1962 - 31 Jul 1962  Ivan A. Nestingen (acting)         (b. 1921 - d. 1978)
31 Jul 1962 - 18 Aug 1965  Anthony J. Celebrezze              (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
18 Aug 1965 -  2 Mar 1968  John W. Gardner                    (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
 2 Mar 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  Wilbur J. Cohen                    (b. 1913 - d. 1987)
                             (acting to 16 May 1968)
21 Jan 1969 - 24 Jun 1970  Robert H. Finch                    (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
24 Jun 1970 - 29 Jan 1973  Elliot L. Richardson               (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
29 Jan 1973 -  8 Feb 1973  Frank C. Carlucci III (acting)     (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
 8 Feb 1973 -  8 Aug 1975  Caspar W. Weinberger               (b. 1917 - d. 2006)
 8 Aug 1975 - 20 Jan 1977  Forrest D. Mathews                 (b. 1935)
25 Jan 1977 -  3 Aug 1979  Joseph A. Califano, Jr.            (b. 1931)
 3 Aug 1979 -  4 May 1980  Patricia Roberts Harris (f)        (b. 1924 - d. 1985)
Secretaries of Health and Human Services
 4 May 1980 - 20 Jan 1981  Patricia Roberts Harris (f)        (s.a.)
22 Jan 1981 -  3 Feb 1983  Richard S. Schweiker               (b. 1926 - d. 2015)
 4 Feb 1983 -  9 Mar 1983  Thomas R. Donnelly, Jr. (acting)   (b. 1939)
 9 Mar 1983 - 13 Dec 1985  Margaret M. Heckler (f)            (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
13 Dec 1985 - 20 Jan 1989  Otis R. Bowen                      (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
20 Jan 1989 -  1 Mar 1989  Don M. Newman (acting)             (b. 1923 - d. 2021)
 1 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Louis W. Sullivan                  (b. 1933)
22 Jan 1993 - 19 Jan 2001  Donna E. Shalala (f)               (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2001 -  2 Feb 2001  David Satcher (acting)             (b. 1941)
 2 Feb 2001 - 26 Jan 2005  Tommy George Thompson              (b. 1941)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Michael "Mike" O. Leavitt          (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2009 - 28 Apr 2009  Charles E. Johnson (acting)        (b. 1936)
28 Apr 2009 -  9 Jun 2014  Kathleen G. Sebelius (f)           (b. 1948)
 9 Jun 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  Sylvia Mathews Burwell (f)         (b. 1965)
20 Jan 2017 - 10 Feb 2017  Norris W. Cochran IV (1st time)    (b. 1968)
                             (acting)
10 Feb 2017 - 29 Sep 2017  Thomas "Tom" E. Price              (b. 1954)
29 Sep 2017 - 10 Oct 2017  Donald "Don" J. Wright (acting)
10 Oct 2017 - 29 Jan 2018  Eric D. Hargan (acting)            (b. 1968)
29 Jan 2018 - 20 Jan 2021  Alex Michael Azar II               (b. 1967)
20 Jan 2021 -
19 Mar 2021  Norris W. Cochran IV (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
19 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Xavier Becerra                     (b. 1958) 
20 Jan 2025 - 13 Feb 2025  Dorothy A. Fink (f) (acting)

13 Feb 2025 -              Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.             (b. 1954)


Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

15 May 1862                Division of Chemistry (within Department of Agriculture).
 1 Jul 1901                Bureau of Chemistry (within Department of Agriculture).
 1 Jul 1927                Renamed Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration (FDIA).
27 May 1930                Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
30 Jun 1940                Under the Federal Security Agency.
11 Apr 1953                Under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
 1 Jul 1970                Under the Public Health Service.
 4 May 1980               
Under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Chiefs
1862 - 1864                Charles Mayer Wetherill            (b. 1825 - d. 1871)
1864 - 1866                Henri Erni                         (b. 1822 - d. 1885) 
1866 - 1871                Thomas Antisell                    (b. 1817 - d. 1893)  
1872 - 1873                Ryland T. Brown                    (b. 1807 - d. 1890)
1873 - 1878                William McMurtrie                  (b. 1851 - d. 1913)
1878 - 1883                Peter Collier                      (b. 1835 - d. 1896)
1883 - 15 Mar 1912         Harvey Washington Wiley            (b. 1844 - d. 1930)
16 Dec 1912 - 15 Jul 1921  Carl Lucas Alsberg                 (b. 1877 - d. 1940)
16 Jul 1921 - 30 Jun 1924  Walter Gilbert Campbell (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
                             (acting)
 1 Jul 1924 - 30 Jun 1927  Charles Albert Browne              (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
 1 Jul 1927 - 30 Jun 1940  Walter Gilbert Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
Commissioners
30 Jun 1940 - 30 Apr 1944  Walter Gilbert Campbell            (s.a.)
 
1 May 1944 - 31 May 1951  Paul Brown Dunbar                  (b. 1882 - d. 1968)
                            
(acting to 6 May 1944)
 1 Jun 1951 - 31 Jul 1954  Charles W. Crawford                (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
 
1 Aug 1954 - 27 Dec 1965  George P. Larrick                  (b. 1901 - d. 1968)
                             (acting to 12 Aug 1954)
28 Dec 1965 - 17 Jan 1966  Winton B. Rankin (acting)          (b. 1916 - d. 2015)
17 Jan 1966 -  1 Jul 1968  James L. Goddard                   (b. 1923 - d. 2009)
 1 Jul 1968 - 12 Dec 1969  Herbert Ley, Jr.                   (b. 1923 - d. 2001)
13 Dec 1969 - 15 Mar 1973  Charles C. Edwards                 (b. 1923 - d. 2011)
16 Mar 1973 - 20 Jul 1973  Sherwin Gardner (1st time)         (b. 1928)
                             (acting)
20 Jul 1973 - 30 Nov 1976  Alexander M. Schmidt               (b. 1930 - d. 1991)
 
1 Dec 1976 -  3 Apr 1977  Sherwin Gardner (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 4 Apr 1977 - 30 Jun 1979  Donald Kennedy                     (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
30 Jun 1979 - 20 Oct 1979  Sherwin Gardner (3rd time)         (s.a.)
                             (acting)
21 Oct 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  Jere E. Goyan                      (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
20 Jan 1981 - 13 Apr 1981  Mark Novitch (1st time) (acting)   (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
13 Apr 1981 - 11 Sep 1983  Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr.             (b. 1933 - d. 2010)
11 Sep 1983 - 15 Jul 1984  Mark Novitch (2nd time) (acting)   (s.a.)
15 Jul 1984 - 17 Dec 1989  Frank E. Young                     (b. 1931 - d. 2019)
18 Dec 1989 -  7 Nov 1990  James S. Benson (acting)           (b. 1939 - d. 2018)
 
8 Nov 1990 - 28 Feb 1997  David A. Kessler                   (b. 1951)
 
1 Mar 1997 - 16 Jan 1999  Michael A. Friedman (acting)       (b. c.1944)
17 Jan 1999 - 19 Jan 2001  Jane E. Henney (f)                 (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2001 - 24 Feb 2002  Bernard A. Schwetz (acting)        (b. 1940 - d. 2023)
25 Feb 2002 - 14 Nov 2002  Lester M. Crawford (1st time)      (b. 1938 - d. 2021)
                             (acting) 
14 Nov 2002 - 26 Mar 2004  Mark B. McClellan                  (b. 1963)
26 Mar 2004 - 23 Sep 2005  Lester M. Crawford (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting to 18 Jul 2005)
23 Sep 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Andrew C. von Eschenbach           (b. 1941)
                             (acting to 13 Dec 2006)
20 Jan 2009 - 29 Mar 2009  Frank M. Torti (acting)            (b. 1947)
30 Mar 2009 - 21 May 2009  Joshua M. Sharfstein (acting)      (b. 1970)
22 May 2009 -  4 Apr 2015  Margaret A. Hamburg (f)            (b. 1955)
 5 Apr 2015 - 23 Feb 2016  Stephen M. Ostroff (1st time)
                             (acting)
24 Feb 2016 - 20 Jan 2017  Robert M. Califf (1st time)        (b. 1951)
21 Jan 2017 - 10 May 2017 
Stephen M. Ostroff (2nd time)
                             (acting)
11 May 2017 - 
5 Apr 2019  Scott Gottlieb                     (b. 1972)
 5 Apr 2019 -  5 Nov 2019  N
orman E. "Ned" Sharpless (acting) (b. 1966)
 6 Nov 2019 - 16 Dec 2019  Brett P. Giroir (acting)           (b. 1960)
17 Dec 2019 - 20 Jan 2021  Stephen M. Hahn                    (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2021 -
16 Feb 2022  Janet Woodcock (f) (acting)        (b. 1948)
17 Feb 2022 - 20 Jan 2025  Robert M. Califf (2nd time)        (s.a.)
24 Jan 2025 -
26 Mar 2025  Sara Brenner (f) (acting)
26 Mar 2025 -              Martin "Marty" A. Makary           (b. 1970)


Public Health Service (PHS)

[U.S. Marine Hospital
                      Service flag 1871-1902]
1871 - 1902

[U.S. Public
                      Health and Marine Hospital Service flag
                      1902-1912] 1902 - 14 Aug 1912
[U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) flag]
Adopted 14 Aug 1912

Office of the Surgeon General

16 Jul 1798                U.S. Marine Hospital Service established.
29 Mar 1871                First Supervising Surgeon appointed.
 
4 Jan 1889                Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Marine Hospital Service established.
 1 Jul 1902                Public Health and Marine Hospital Service (an independent agency).
14 Aug 1912                Public Health Service (PHS)(an independent agency).
25 Apr 1939                Under the Federal Security Agency.
11 Apr 1953                Under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
 
4 May 1980                Under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Supervising Surgeon
29 Mar 1871 -  3 Mar 1875  John Maynard Woodworth             (b. 1837 - d. 1879)

Supervising Surgeons General
 3 Mar 1875 - 14 Mar 1879  John Maynard Woodworth             (s.a.)
 3 Apr 1879 -  1 Jun 1891  John Brown Hamilton                (b. 1847 - d. 1898)

 1 Jun 1891 - 30 Jun 1902  Walter Wyman                       (b. 1848 - d. 1911)
Surgeons General
 
1 Jul 1902 - 21 Nov 1911  Walter Wyman                       (s.a.)
22 Nov 1911 - 13 Jan 1912  Arthur Henry Glennan (acting)      (b. 1853 - d. 1926)
13 Jan 1912 -  3 Mar 1920  Rupert Blue                        (b. 1868 - d. 1948)
 3 Mar 1920 - 31 Jan 1936  Hugh Smith Cumming                 (b. 1869 - d. 1948)
 6 Apr 1936 -  6 Apr 1948  Thomas Parran, Jr.                 (b. 1892 - d. 1968)
 6 Apr 1948 -  8 Aug 1956  Leonard Andrew Scheele             (b. 1907 - d. 1993)   
 8 Aug 1956 - 29 Jan 1961  LeRoy Edgar Burney                 (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
29 Jan 1961 -  2 Mar 1961  Arnold B. Kurlander (acting)       (b. 1915 - d. 1998)
 2 Mar 1961 -  1 Oct 1965  Luther Leonidas Terry              (b. 1911 - d. 1985)
 1 Oct 1965 -  1 Aug 1969  William H. Stewart                 (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
 
1 Aug 1969 - 18 Dec 1969  Richard A. Prindle (acting)        (b. 1925 - d. 2001)
18 Dec 1969 - 30 Jan 1973  Jesse Leonard Steinfeld            (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
31 Jan 1973 - 13 Jul 1977  S. Paul Ehrlich, Jr. (acting)      (b. 1932 - d. 2005)
13 Jul 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  Julius B. Richmond                 (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
21 Jan 1981 - 14 May 1981  John C. Greene (acting)            (b. 1936 - d. 2016)
14 May 1981 - 21 Jan 1982  Edward Brandt, Jr. (acting)        (b. 1933 - d. 2007)
21 Jan 1982 -  1 Oct 1989  C. Everett Koop                    (b. 1916 - d. 2013)
 1 Oct 1989 -  9 Mar 1990  James O. Mason (acting)            (b. 1930 - d. 2019)
 9 Mar 1990 - 30 Jun 1993  Antonia Coello Novello (f)         (b. 1944)
 1 Jul 1993 -  8 Sep 1993  Robert A. Whitney (acting)         (b. 1935)
 8 Sep 1993 - 31 Dec 1994  Joycelyn Elders (f)                (b. 1933)
 1 Jan 1995 -  1 Jul 1997  Audrey Forbes Manley (f) (acting)  (b. 1934)
 1 Jul 1997 - 12 Feb 2002  David Satcher                      (b. 1941)
                             (acting to 13 Feb 1998)  
13 Feb 2002 -  4 Aug 2002  Kenneth P. Moritsugu (1st time)    (b. 1945)
                             (acting)
 5 Aug 2002 - 31 Jul 2006  Richard H. Carmona                 (b. 1949)
 1 Aug 2006 - 30 Sep 2007 
Kenneth P. Moritsugu (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 1 Oct 2007 -  1 Oct 2009  Steven K. Galson (acting)          (b. 1956)
 1 Oct 2009 -  3 Nov 2009  Donald L. Weaver (acting)
 3 Nov 2009 - 16 Jul 2013  Regina M. Benjamin (f)             (b. 1956)
17 Jul 2013 - 18 Dec 2014  Boris D. Lushniak (acting)         (b. 1959)
18 Dec 2014 - 21 Apr 2017  Vivek H. Murthy (1st time)         (b. 1977)
21 Apr 2017 -  5 Sep 2017  Sylvia Trent-Adams (f) (acting)    (b. 1965)
 5 Sep 2017 - 20 Jan 2021  Jerome M. Adams                    (b. 1974
)
21 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2021  Felicia L. Collins (f) (acting)

26 Jan 2021 - 25 Mar 2021  Susan M. Orsega (f) (acting)       (b. 1968)
25 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Vivek H. Murthy (2nd time)         (s.a.)
20 Jan 2025 -            
  Denise Hinton (f)(acting)


National Institutes of Health (NIH)

National Institutes of Health

Aug 1887                   Hygienic Laboratory established (within Marine Hospital Service).
 1 Jul 1902                Under the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service.
14 Aug 1912                under the Public Health Service.
26 May 1930                Re-designated as National Institute of Health (NIH).
25 Apr 1939                Under the Federal Security Agency.
16 Jun 1948                Renamed the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
11 Apr 1953                Under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 
 4 May 1980                Under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Directors
Aug 1887 - 30 Apr 1899     Joseph J. Kinyoun                  (b. 1860 - d. 1919)
 1 May 1899 - 30 Sep 1909  Milton J. Rosenau                  (b. 1869 - d. 1946)
 1 Oct 1909 - 19 Nov 1915  John F. Anderson                   (b. 1873 - d. 1958)
20 Nov 1915 - 31 Jan 1937  George W. McCoy                    (b. 1876 - d. 1952)
 1 Feb 1937 - 31 Jan 1942  Lewis R. Thompson                  (b. 1883 - d. 1954)
 1 Feb 1942 - 30 Sep 1950  Rolla E. Dyer                      (b. 1886 - d. 1971)
 1 Oct 1950 - 31 Jul 1955  William H. Sebrell, Jr.            (b. 1901 - d. 1992)
 1 Aug 1955 - 31 Aug 1968  James Augustine Shannon            (b. 1904 - d. 1994)
 1 Sep 1968 - 21 Jan 1973  Robert Q. Marston                  (b. 1923 - d. 1999)
21 Jan 1973 - 28 May 1973  John F. Sherman (acting)           (b. 1919 - d. 2015)
29 May 1973 - 31 Jan 1975  Robert S. Stone                    (b. 1922 - d. 2016)

 1 Feb 1975 - 30 Jun 1975  Ronald W. Lamont-Havers (acting)   (b. 1920 - d. 2019)
 1 Jul 1975 - 30 Jun 1981  Donald "Don" S. Fredrickson        (b. 1924 - d. 2002)
 1 Jul 1981 - 28 Apr 1982  Thomas E. Malone (acting)          (b. 1926 - d. 2011)
29 Apr 1982 - 31 Jul 1989  James B. Wyngaarden                (b. 1924 - d.
2019)
 1 Aug 1989 -  8 Apr 1991  William F. Raub (acting)           (b. 1939)
 9 Apr 1991 - 30 Jun 1993  Bernadine Healy (f)                (b. 1944 - d. 2011)
 1 Jul 1993 - 23 Nov 1993  Ruth L. Kirschstein (f)(1st time)  (b. 1926 - d. 2009)
                             (acting)
23 Nov 1993 - 31 Dec 1999  Harold E. Varmus                   (b. 1939)
 1 Jan 2000 -  2 May 2002  Ruth L. Kirschstein (f)(2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 
3 May 2002 - 31 Oct 2008  Elias A. Zerhouni                  (b. 1951)
 
1 Nov 2008 - 16 Aug 2009  Raynard S. Kington (acting)
17 Aug 2009 - 19 Dec 2021  Francis S. Collins                 (b. 1950)

20 Dec 2021 -  8 Nov 2023  Lawrence A. Tabak (1st time)       (b. 1951)
                             (acting)
 9 Nov 2023 - 17 Jan 2025  Monica M. Bertagnolli (f)          (b. 1959)
17 Jan 2025 -
22 Jan 2025  Lawrence A. Tabak (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
22 Jan 2025 -
26 Mar 2025  Matthew J. Memoli (acting)         (b. 1973)
26 Mar 2025 -              Jayanta Bhattacharya               (b. 1968)


Civilian Conservation Corps 

 5 Apr 1933                Emergency Conservation Work (an independent agency).
28 Jun 1937                Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)(an independent agency).
25 Apr 1939                Under the Federal Security Agency.
30 Jun 1943                Abolished.

National Directors
 5 Apr 1933 - 31 Dec 1939  Robert Fecher                       (b. 1876 - d. 1939)
31 Dec 1939 - 30 Jun 1943  James Joseph McEntee                (b. 1884 - d. 1957)
                             (acting to
26 Feb 1940)



Department of Education

[U.S. Department of
                        Education flag]
Adopted 31 Dec 1980

Department of Education

 2 Mar 1867                Department of Education established as a non-cabinet agency.
20 Jul 1868                Office of Education (within the Department of Interior).
 1 Jul 1869                Bureau of Education (within Department of Interior).
14 May 1930                Office of Education (within Department of Interior).
 1 Jul 1939                Under the Federal Security Agency.
11 Apr 1953                Under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
17 Oct 1979                Department of Education (a cabinet post).

Commissioners of Education
14 Mar 1867 - 15 Mar 1870  Henry Barnard                      (b. 1811 - d. 1900)
16 Mar 1870 -  5 Aug 1886  John Eaton, Jr.                    (b. 1820 - d. 1906)
 6 Aug 1886 -  3 Sep 1889  Nathaniel H.R. Dawson              (b. 1829 - d. 1895)
12 Sep 1889 - 30 Jun 1906  William T. Harris                  (b. 1835 - d. 1909)
 
1 Jul 1906 - 30 Jun 1911  Elmer E. Brown                     (b. 1861 - d. 1934)
 
1 Jul 1911 -  2 Jun 1921  Philander P. Claxton               (b. 1862 - d. 1957)
 
2 Jun 1921 - 31 Aug 1928  John J. Tigert IV                  (b. 1882 - d. 1965)
31 Aug 1928 - 11 Feb 1929  Lewis A. Kalbach (acting)          (b. 1866 - d. 1952)
11 Feb 1929 - 10 Jul 1933  William J. Cooper                  (b. 1882 - d. 1935)
10 Jul 1933 -  1 Jul 1934  George F. Zook                     (b. 1885 - d. 1951)
 
1 Jul 1934 - 15 Jul 1948  John W. Studebaker                 (b. 1887 - d. 1989)
1948 - 1949                Rall I. Grigsby (acting)           (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
1949 - 1953                Earl J. McGrath                    (b. 1902 - d. 1993)
1953 -  4 Sep 1953         Lee M. Thurston                    (b. 1895 - d. 1953)
1953 - 1956                Samuel M. Brownell                 (b. 1900 - d. 1990)
1956 - 1961                Lawrence G. Derthick               (b. 1905 - d. 1992)
 
3 Feb 1961 -  8 Sep 1962  Sterling M. McMurrin               (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1962                       Wayne O. Reed (acting)             (b. 1911 - d. 1974)
10 Dec 1962 - 21 May 1965  Francis C. Keppel                  (b. 1916 - d. 1990)
1965 - 1968                Harold Howe II                     (b. 1918 - d. 2002)
 
5 May 1969 - 10 Jun 1970  James E. Allen, Jr.                (b. 1911 - d. 1971)
1970                       Terrel H. Bell (1st time)(acting)  (b. 1921 - d. 1996)
1970 - 1973                Sidney P. Marland                  (b. 1914 - d. 1992)
1973 - 1974                John R. Ottina                     (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
Jun 1974 - Jul 1976        Terrel H. Bell (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Jul 1976 - Oct 1976        William F. Pierce (acting)         (b. 1932)
1976 - 1977                Edward Aguirre                     (b. 1929 - d. 2015)  

31 Mar 1977 - 30 Jun 1979  Ernest L. Boyer                    (b. 1928 - d. 1995)
Dec 1979 - May 1980        William L. Smith                   (b. 1929 - d. 2008)
Secretaries
 
6 Dec 1979 - 20 Jan 1981  Shirley M. Hufstedler (f)          (b. 1925 - d. 2016)
22 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1984  Terrel H. Bell                     (s.a.)
31 Dec 1984 -  6 Feb 1985  Gary L. Jones (acting)             (b. 1944)
 
6 Feb 1985 - 20 Sep 1988  William "Bill" Bennett             (b. 1943)
20 Sep 1988 - 15 Dec 1990  Lauro F. Cavazos                   (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
15 Dec 1990 - 22 Mar 1991  Ted Sanders (acting)               (b. 1941)
22 Mar 1991 - 20 Jan 1993  Lamar Alexander                    (b. 1940)
21 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001  Richard W. Riley                   (b. 1933)
21 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2005  Roderick "Rod" Paige               (b. 1933) 
31 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Margaret Spellings (f)             (b. 1957)
21 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2015  Arne Duncan                        (b. 1964)
 1 Jan 2016 - 20 Jan 2017  John B. King, Jr.                  (b. 1975)
                             (acting to 14 Mar 2016)
20 Jan 2017 -  7 Feb 2017  Philip "Phil" H. Rosenfelt         (b. 1945)
                             (1st time) (acting) 
 7 Feb 2017 -  8 Jan 2021  Elisabeth "Betsy" Prince DeVos (f) (b. 1958)
 8 Jan 2021 -
20 Jan 2021  Mitchell "Mick" M. Zais (acting)   (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2021 -
  2 Mar 2021  Philip "Phil" H. Rosenfelt         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 2 Mar 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Miguel Angel Cardona               (b. 1975)
20 Jan 2025 - 
3 Mar 2025  Denise L. Carter (f) (acting)
 3 Mar 2025 -              Linda M. McMahon (f)               (b. 1948)



Department of Veterans Affairs

[flag of U.S.
                      Veterans Administration c.1930-1989] c.1930 - 15 Mar 1989 [U.S. Department of
                      Veterans Affairs flag] Adopted 15 Mar 1989

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

 9 Aug 1921                Veterans Bureau established (merger of Bureau of War Risk
                             Insurance, Rehabilitation Division, and Federal Board for
                             Vocational Education), an independent agency.

24 Aug 1921                Renamed U.S. Veterans Bureau.
21 Jul 1930                Veterans Administration (merger of U.S. Veterans Bureau, Bureau
                             of Pensions,
and National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers),
                             an
independent agency.
15 Mar 1989                Department of Veterans Affairs (a cabinet post).

Directors of the Veterans Bureau
 9 Aug 1921 - 28 Feb 1923  Charles R. Forbes                  (b. 1877 - d. 1952)
 1 Mar 1923 - 21 Jul 1930  Frank T. Hines                     (b. 1879 - d. 1960)
Administrators of Veterans Administration
21 Jul 1930 - 15 Aug 1945  Frank T. Hines                     (s.a.)
15 Aug 1945 - 30 Nov 1947  Omar N. Bradley                    (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
 
1 Dec 1947 - 31 Dec 1947  Omer W. Clark (acting)             (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
 1 Jan 1948 - 1953         Carl R. Gray                       (b. 1889 - d. 1955)

22 Jul 1953 - 13 Nov 1957  Harvey V. Higley                   (b. 1892 - d. 1986)
13 Nov 1957 - 18 Dec 1957  John Sutton Patterson (acting)     (b. 1902 - d. 1983)
18 Dec 1957 - 20 Jan 1961  Sumner G. Whittier                 (b. 1911 - d. 2010)

30 Jan 1961 -  1 Jan 1965  John S. Gleason                    (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
1965 - 1969                William J. Driver                  (b. 1918 - d. 1985)
1969 - 1974                Donald E. Johnson                  (b. 1924 - d. 1999)
12 Oct 1974 - 20 Jan 1977  Richard L. Roudebush               (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981  J. Max Cleland                     (b. 1942 - d. 2021)
15 Jul 1981 -  5 Jan 1983  Robert P. Nimmo                    (b. 1922 - d. 2005)
 5 Jan 1983 - 21 Mar 1986  Harry N. Walters                   (b. 1936 - d. 2019)
1986 - 1989                Thomas K. Turnage                  (b. 1923 - d. 2000)
 1 Mar 1989 - 15 Mar 1989  Edward J. Derwinski                (b. 1926 - d. 2012)
Secretaries of Veterans Affairs
15 Mar 1989 - 26 Sep 1992  Edward J. Derwinski                (s.a.)
26 Sep 1992 - 22 Jan 1993  Anthony J. Principi (1st time)     (b. 1944)
                             (acting)
22 Jan 1993 -  3 Jul 1997  Jesse Brown                        (b. 1944 - d. 2002)
 3 Jul 1997 -  2 Jan 1998  Hershel W. Gober (1st time)        (b. 1936 - d. 2024)
                             (acting)
 2 Jan 1998 - 10 Jul 2000  Togo D. West, Jr.                  (b. 1942 - d. 2018)
                             (acting to 5 May 1998)
10 Jul 2000 - 20 Jan 2001  Hershel W. Gober (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting)
23 Jan 2001 -  1 Feb 2005  Anthony J. Principi (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 1 Feb 2005 -  1 Oct 2007  R. James "Jim" Nicholson           (b. 1938)
 1 Oct 2007 - 20 Dec 2007  Gordon H. Mansfield (acting)       (b. 1941 - d. 2013)
20 Dec 2007 - 20 Jan 2009  James B. Peake                     (b. 1944)
21 Jan 2009 - 30 May 2014  Eric K. Shinseki                   (b. 1942)
30 May 2014 - 30 Jul 2014  Sloan D. Gibson IV (acting)        (b. 1952?)
30 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  Robert "Bob" A. McDonald           (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2017 - 14 Feb 2017  Robert "Bob" T. Snyder (acting)
14 Feb 2017 -
28 Mar 2018  David J. Shulkin                   (b. 1959)
28 Mar 2018 -
29 May 2018  Robert L. Wilkie, Jr. (1st time)   (b. 1962)
                             (acting)
29 May 2018 - 30 Jul 2018  Peter O'Rourke (acting)            (b. 1966)
30 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 
Robert L. Wilkie, Jr. (2nd time)   (s.a.)
20 Jan 2021 -  9 Feb 2021  Dat P. Tran (acting)
 9 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Denis R. McDonough                 (b. 1969)

20 Jan 2025 -  5 Feb 2025  Todd B. Hunter (acting)
 5 Feb 2025 -              Douglas A. Collins                 (b. 1966)



Department of Homeland Security

[flag of U.S. Office of Homeland Security
                      2001-2003 (Executive Office of the President)] 2001 - 19 Jun 2003 [U.S. Department of Homeland Security flag] Adopted 19 Jun 2003

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

 8 Oct 2001                Office of Homeland Security (within Executive Office of 
                             the President).
24 Jan 2003                Department of Homeland Security (DHS) established.

Director of the Office of Homeland Security 
 8 Oct 2001 - 24 Jan 2003  Thomas "Tom" Joseph Ridge          (b. 1945)
Secretaries of the Department of Homeland Security
24 Jan 2003 -  1 Feb 2005  Thomas "Tom" Joseph Ridge          (s.a.)
 
2 Feb 2005 - 15 Feb 2005  James Milton Loy (acting)          (b. 1942)
15 Feb 2005 - 21 Jan 2009  Michael Chertoff                   (b. 1953)
21 Jan 2009 -  6 Sep 2013  Janet Ann Napolitano (f)           (b. 1957)
 6 Sep 2013 - 23 Dec 2013  Rand Beers (acting)                (b. 1942)
23 Dec 2013 - 20 Jan 2017  Jeh Charles Johnson                (b. 1957)
20 Jan 2017                Chip Fulghum (acting)              (b. c.1962)
20 Jan 2017 -
31 Jul 2017  John F. Kelly                      (b. 1950)
31 Jul 2017 -  6 Dec 2017  Elaine Costanzo Duke (f)(acting)   (b. 1958)
 6 Dec 2017 - 10 Apr 2019  Kirstjen Michele Nielsen (f)       (b. 1972)
10 Apr 2019 - 13 Nov 2019  Kevin K. McAleenan (acting)        (b. 1971)
13 Nov 2019 - 11 Jan 2021  Chad F. Wolf (acting)              (b. 1976)

12 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2021  Peter T. Gaynor (acting)           (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 -  2 Feb 2021  David P. Pekoske (acting)          (b. 1955)
 2 Feb 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Alejandro N. Mayorkas              (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2025 - 25 Jan 2025  Benjamine C. "Carry" Huffman
                             (acting)
25 Jan 2025 -              Kristi L. Arnold Noem (f)          (b. 1971)


U.S. Coast Guard
 
[U.S. Revenue Marine Ensign ensign,
                          1799-1910]
1 Aug 1799 - 1910 U.S.Revenue Marine Ensign
[U.S.
                          Revenue Marine Ensign ensign variant,
                          c.1815-c.1868]
  c.1815 - c.1868 Revenue Marine Variant
[U.S.
                          Revenue Marine Ensign ensign variant,
                          c.1868-1910]
  c.1868 - 1910 Revenue Marine Variant
[U.S. Life-Saving Service Pennant,
                          1878-1915]
    U.S. Life-Saving Service 1878 - 1915
[U.S. Reveune
                          Marine ensign, 1910-1915]
7 Jul 1910 - 1915 U.S. Revenue Marine Ensign
[U.S. Coast
                          Guard ensign 1915-1953]
  1915 - 1953 U.S. Coast Guard Ensign
[U.S. Coast
                          Guard ensign]
  Adopted 1953 U.S. Coast Guard Ensign
[U.S. Coast Guard
                          Outdoor Service flag]
Coast Guard Service Standard
Adopted 28 Jan 1964

U.S. Coast Guard

 4 Aug 1790                Congress creates a service to enforce customs laws; 
                             alternately known as the System of Cutters, Revenue 
                             Service, and later U.S. Revenue-Marine (USRM). Cutters are
                             controlled by the Collector of Customs at the port to which
                             they are assigned (within the Treasury Department).
1812 - 1814                System of Cutters placed under the command of the U.S. Navy.
 
1 Nov 1843                Revenue-Marine Bureau created (within the Treasury Department).
1846 - 1848                Revenue-Marine placed under the command of the U.S. Navy.
 3 Mar 1849 -  1 Jul 1869  Revenue-Marine Bureau is dissolved and the Revenue Marine are

                             placed under the direct control of U.S. Commissioner of Customs
                             (within the Treasury Department).
 1 Jul 1869                Revenue-Marine Bureau is re-established on an interim basis.
 
1 Feb 1871                Revenue Marine Division (within the Treasury Department).
18 Jun 1878                U.S. Life-Saving Service established as a separate agency 

                             (under supervision of the Treasury Department).
31 Jul 1894                U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS).
28 Jan 1915               
United States Coast Guard created (by merger of U.S. Revenue
                            
Cutter Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service).
 6 Apr 1917 - 28 Aug 1919  Transferred to the control of the Navy Department.
 
1 Jul 1939                U.S. Lighthouse Service merged with U.S. Coast Guard.
28 Feb 1942                Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation merged into U.S.
                             Coast Guard.
 1 Nov 1941 -  1 Jan 1946  Transferred to control of the Navy Department.

 1 Apr 1967                Transferred to the Department of Transportation.
 1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security.

Chiefs of the Service of Cutters
1790 - 1843                the Secretaries of Treasury
Chiefs, Revenue-Marine Bureau
1843 - 1848                Alexander V. Fraser                (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
1848 - 1849                Richard Evans
 3 Mar 1849 -  1 Jul 1869  the Commissioners of Customs

 1 Jul 1869 - 1871         N. Broughton Devereux (interim)
Chiefs, Revenue Marine Division
 1 Feb 1871 - 1878         Sumner Increase Kimball            (b. 1834 - d. 1923)
1878 - 1881                Ezra W. Clark                      (b. 1839 - d. 1915) 
1881 - 1883                James H. Merryman                  (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
                             (general superintendent)
1883 - 1886                John W. White                      (b. 1829 - d. 1892)
1886 - 1889                Peter Bonnet
General Superintendent of the U.S. Life-Saving Service
18 Jun 1878 - 28 Jan 1915  Sumner Increase Kimball            (s.a.)
Captain-Commandant of the Revenue Marine Service
28 Dec 1889 - 31 Jul 1894  Leonard Griffin Shepard            (b. 1846 - d. 1895)
Captain-Commandants of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service
31 Jul 1894 -  1 Mar 1895  Leonard Griffin Shepard            (s.a.)
19 Mar 1895 - 27 Mar 1905  Charles Frederic Shoemaker         (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
25 Apr 1905 -  8 May 1908  Worth Gwynn Ross                   (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
Captain-Commandants of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service
 8 May 1908 - 30 Apr 1911  Worth Gwynn Ross                   (s.a.)
19 Jun 1911 - 28 Jan 1915  Ellsworth Price Bertholf           (b. 1866 - d. 1921)
Captain-Commandants of the
United States Coast Guard
28 Jan 1915 - 30 Jun 1919  Ellsworth Price Bertholf           (b. 1866 - d. 1921)
30 Jun 1919 -  2 Oct 1919  Daniel P. Foley (acting)           (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
 2 Oct 1919 - 12 Jan 1923  William Edward Reynolds            (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
Commandants, United States Coast Guard
12 Jan 1923 - 11 Jan 1924  William Edward Reynolds            (s.a.)
11 Jan 1924 - 17 May 1932  Frederick C. Billard               (b. 1873 - d. 1932)
17 May 1932 - 14 Jun 1932  Leon Claude Covell (acting)        (b. 1877 - d. 1960)
14 Jun 1932 - 14 Jun 1936  Harry Gabriel Hamlet               (b. 1874 - d. 1954)
14 Jun 1936 -  1 Jan 1946  Russell Randolph Waesche           (b. 1886 - d. 1946)
 1 Jan 1946 - 31 Dec 1949  Joseph Francis Farley              (b. 1889 - d. 1974)
 1 Jan 1950 - 31 May 1954  Merlin O'Neill                     (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
 1 Jun 1954 - 31 May 1962  Alfred Caroll Richmond             (b. 1902 - d. 1984)
 1 Jun 1962 - 31 May 1966  Edwin John Roland                  (b. 1905 - d. 1985)
 1 Jun 1966 - 31 May 1970  Willard John Smith                 (b. 1910 - d. 2000)
 1 Jun 1970 - 31 May 1974  Chester R. Bender                  (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
 1 Jun 1974 - 31 May 1978  Owen Wesley Siler                  (b. 1922 - d. 2007)
 1 Jun 1978 - 28 May 1982  John Briggs Hayes                  (b. 1924 - d. 2001)
28 May 1982 - 30 May 1986  James Steele Gracey                (b. 1927 - d. 2020)
30 May 1986 - 31 May 1990  Paul Alexander Yost, Jr.           (b. 1929 - d. 2022)
31 May 1990 - 31 May 1994  John William Kime                  (b. 1934 - d. 2006)
 1 Jun 1994 - 31 May 1998  Robert Edward Kramek               (b. 1939 - d. 2016)
 1 Jun 1998 - 30 May 2002  James Milton Loy                   (b. 1942)
30 May 2002 - 25 May 2006  Thomas Hansen Collins              (b. 1946)
25 May 2006 - 25 May 2010  Thad William Allen                 (b. 1949)
25 May 2010 - 30 May 2014  Robert J. Papp, Jr.                (b. 1953)
30 May 2014 -  1 Jun 2018  Paul F. Zukunft                    (b. 1955)
 1 Jun 2018 -  1 Jun 2022  Karl L. Schultz                    (b. 1961)
 1 Jun 2022 -
21 Jan 2025  Linda Lee Fagan (f)                (b. 1963)
21 Jan 2025 -              Kevin E. Lunday (acting)           (b. 1965)

Women's Reserve of U.S. Coast Guard (SPARs)

23 Nov 1942                Women's Reserve of the U.S. Coast Guard (WORCOGS).
Dec 1942                   Abbreviation changed to SPARs (from the motto "Semper Paratus
                             - Always Ready").
25 Jul 1947                Women's Reserve deactivated.
 4 Aug 1949                U.S. Coast Guard Women's Volunteer Reserve (USCGRW) activated
                             (effective Jan 1950).
 
7 Dec 1973                USCGRW abolished, women integrated into regular Coast Guard.
Aug 1978                   All personnel restrictions based solely on sex are lifted.

Directors of the Women's Reserve of the U.S. Coast Guard
24 Nov 1942 - 16 Jan 1946  Dorothy Constance Stratton (f)     (b. 1899 - d. 2006)
Jan 1946 - 25 Jul 1947     Helen B. Schleman (f)              (b. 1902 - d. 1992)
25 Jul 1947 - 1950         Post abolished
Commanders, U.S. Coast Guard Women's Volunteer Reserve, Senior SPAR Officer

1951 - 24 May 1961         Beatrice "Billy" V. Ball (f)       (b. 1902 - d. 1963)
1961 - 1964?               Elizabeth "Betty" F. Splaine (f)   (b. 1920 - d. 2009)
 1 Jan 1964 - 196.         Pearl Elinor Faurie (f)            (b. 1911 - d. 2008)
196. - c.1968              Elizabeth B. Hall (f)              (b. 1918 - d. 1994)
196. - 1969?               Alice Theresa Jefferson (f)        (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
1969 -  1 Jul 1971         Valeria Louise Berg (f)            (b. 1910 - d. ....)
1971 -  7 Dec 1973         Eleanor Creed L'Ecuyer (f)         (b. 1922 - d. 2020)


U.S. Light House Service

[Lighthouse Service Vessel
                        Pennant (U.S.) 1888-1939] Lighthouse Service Vessel Pennant
 1888 - 1939
[U.S. Commissioner of Lighthouses flag
                      c.1903-1939]
Commissioners Flag c.1910 - 1939

 7 Aug 1789                U.S. Light-House Establishment (USLHE) established (within
                             the
Treasury Department, under the Secretary of Treasury).
 
9 May 1792 -  6 Apr 1802  Transferred to Office of the Commissioner of Revenue
                             (within the Treasury Department).
31 Jul 1813 - 31 Dec 1819  Again transferred to Office of the Commissioner of Revenue.
 9 Oct 1852                U.S. Light-House Board
created to administer to the Light-House
                             Establishment (within the Treasury Department).
 
1 Jul 1903                Transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
 1 Jul 1910                U.S. Light House Service (USLHS) administered by the Bureau
                             of Lighthouses (within Department of Commerce and Labor;

                             from 4 Mar 1913,
Department of Commerce).
11 Apr 1917 -  1 Jul 1919  Most lighthouse tenders, lightships and primary lighthouses
                             transferred to the command of the
Navy Department.
 1 Jul 1939                Incorporated into the U.S. Coast Guard.

Commissioners of the U.S. Light-House Establishment
11 Sep
1789 -  8 May 1792  the Secretary of Treasury
 
9 May 1792 -  6 Apr 1802  the Commissioners of the Revenue
 
7 Apr 1802 - 30 Jul 1813  the Secretaries of Treasury
31 Jul 1813 - 31 Dec 1819  the Commissioner of the Revenue
 
7 Jan 1820 -  8 Oct 1852  Stephen Pleasonton                 (b. 1776 - d. 1855)
                             (fifth auditor of the Treasury Department)
Chairmen of the Light-House Board
 9 Oct 1852 -  7 Feb 1859  William B. Shubrick (1st time)     (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
 7 Feb 1859 -  6 Jun 1859  Lawrence Kearny                    (b. 1789 - d. 1868)
 6 Jun 1859 - 30 Oct 1871  William B. Shubrick (2nd time)     (s.a.)
30 Oct 1871 - 13 May 1878  Joseph Henry                       (b. 1799 - d. 1878)
23 Jun 1878 -  5 May 1882  John Rodgers                       (b. 1812 - d. 1882)
 5 Jun 1882 -  2 Dec 1882  Robert Harris Wyman                (b. 1822 - d. 1882)
18 Jan 1883 - 26 Feb 1889  Stephen Clegg Rowan                (b. 1808 - d. 1890)
27 Feb 1889 - 29 May 1891  David B. Harmony                   (b. 1832 - d. 1917)
 1 Jun 1891 -  1 Dec 1894  James A. Greer                     (b. 1833 - d. 1904)
 4 Dec 1894 - 23 Mar 1897  John G. Walker                     (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
 5 Apr 1897 - 25 Mar 1898  Winfield Scott Schley              (b. 1839 - d. 1911)
 4 Apr 1898 -  5 Jul 1898  Frederick V. McNair, Sr.           (b. 1839 - d. 1900)
11 Jul 1898 -  3 Oct 1898  Rush R. Wallace                    (b. 1835 - d. 1914)
 3 Oct 1898 - 22 Apr 1901  Francis J. Higginson               (b. 1843 - d. 1931)
 2 May 1901 - 11 Apr 1902  Norman H. Farquhar                 (b. 1840 - d. 1907)
 6 May 1902 -  8 Aug 1903  George Collier Remey               (b. 1841 - d. 1928)
 8 Aug 1903 - 17 Jun 1904  John Joseph Read                   (b. 1842 - d. 1910)
20 Jun 1904 -  5 Jan 1905  Robley D. Evans                    (b. 1846 - d. 1912)
 6 Jan 1905 - 25 Feb 1906  Benjamin P. Lamberton              (b. 1844 - d. 1912)
25 Feb 1906 - 31 Dec 1907  George C. Reiter                   (b. 1845 - d. 1930)
 6 Jan 1908 - 30 Jun 1910  Adolph Marix                       (b. 1848 - d. 1919)
Commissioners of the
Bureau
of Lighthouses
 1 Jul 1910 - 31 May 1935  George R. Putnam                   (b. 1865 - d. 1953)
31 May 1935 -  1 Jul 1939  Harold D. King                     (b. 1879 - d. 1956)
                             (acting to Jun 1935)


Customs Service

[U.S. Customs
                      flag, 1799-1953] 1 Aug 1799 - 1953 [U.S. Customs Service Flag]
Adopted 1953
[U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
                      flag]
U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Customs Service

31 Jul 1789                U.S. Customs created (within the Department of Treasury).
 2 Sep 1789                Administration of customs laws placed under the Secretary
                             of the Treasury.
25 Oct 1792                Financial responsibility for customs collection placed under
                             the Comptroller of the Treasury (to 3 Mar 1849).
 3 Mar 1849 - 30 Sep 1894  Office of Commissioner of Customs.
 3 Mar 1875                Division of Customs
 3 Mar 1927                Bureau of Customs
 4 Apr 1973                U.S. Customs Service
 1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security (as
                             the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection [CBP]). The
                             Department of Treasury retained the power to delegate customs
                             revenue functions.
31 Mar 2007                Renamed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).

Commissioners of Customs (primarily auditors of the Customs
accounts within Treasury Department)
16 Mar 1849 - 24 Dec 1852  Charles William Rockwell           (b. 1799 - d. 1866)
25 Dec 1852 - 24 Apr 1853  James Nelson Barker (acting)       (b. 1784 - d. 1858)
25 Apr 1853 -  4 Dec 1857  Hugh Johnston Anderson             (b. 1801 - d. 1881)

 5 Dec 1857 - 19 May 1861  Samuel Ingham                      (b. 1793 - d. 1881) 
20 May 1861 - 31 May 1871  Nathan Sargent                     (b. 1794 - d. 1875) 
 1 Jun 1871 -  2 Jul 1871  Henry A. Lockwood (acting)
 3 Jul 1871 - 30 Apr 1874  William Tilghman Haines            (b. 1833 - d. 1884) 

 1 May 1874 -  7 Apr 1885  Henry Clay Johnson                 (b. 1845 - d. 1914)
 8 Apr 1885 - 14 Jun 1889  John Swayze McCalmont              (b. 1822 - d. 1906) 
15 Jun 1889 - 31 May 1893  Samuel V. Holliday                 (b. 1841 - d. 1900)  
 1 Jun 1893 - 30 Sep 1894  William Henry Pugh                 (b. 1836 - d. 1917)
Chiefs, Division of Customs 
1871 - 1875                Henry B. James (1st time) 
 
1 Jul 1875 - 1879         William F. Clarke
1879 - May 1885            Henry B. James (2nd time)
19 Dec 1885 - 1893         John G. MacGregor 
1893 -  4 Feb 1899         John M. Comstock                   (b. 1824 - d. 1899)
1899 - 1903                Andrew Johnson 
1903 - 1905                John R. Garrison                   (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
1905 -  1 May 1909         James L. Gerry                     (b. 1868? - d. 1951)
 
1 May 1909 - 1911         Charles P. Montgomery              (b. 1864? - d 1929)
1911 - 1919                Frank M. Halstead                  (b. 1872 - d. 1925)
1919 - 1922                George W. Ashworth                 (b. 1860 - d. 1924) 
1922 - 1923                Ernest W. Camp                     (b. 1887 - d. 1938)
Director
, Division of Customs
1923 - 15 Apr 1927         Ernest W. Camp                     (s.a.)
Commissioners of Customs
16 Apr 1927 - 15 May 1929  Ernest W. Camp                     (s.a.)
 
8 Jul 1929 -  2 Jul 1933  Francis Xavier A. Eble             (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
18 Jul 1933 -  6 Sep 1939  James Henry Moyle                  (b. 1858 - d. 1946)
 
7 Sep 1939 - 15 Jul 1940  Basil Harris                       (b. 1889 - d. 1948)
19 Jul 1940 - 17 Jun 1947  William Roy Johnson                (b. 1896 - d. 1977)
1947 - 31 Mar 1953         Frank Dow (acting to 29 Jun 1949)  (b. 1888 - d. 1956)
29 Mar 1954 - 20 Jan 1961  Ralph Kelly                        (b. 1888 - d. 1962)
24 Mar 1961 -  1 Oct 1964  Philip Nichols, Jr.                (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
 
1 Oct 1964 -  3 Aug 1969  Lester Dechman Johnson             (b. 1907 - d. 1977)
                            
(acting to 3 Aug 1965)
 5 Aug 1969 -  5 Feb 1972  Myles Joseph Ambrose               (b. 1926 - d. 2014)
Feb 1972 - May 1972        Edwin F. Rains (acting)            (b. 1915 - d. 1983)
 2 May 1972 - 30 Apr 1977  Vernon Darrell Acree               (b. 1939 - d. 2013)
15 Jul 1977 - 13 Dec 1980  Robert E. Chasen                   (b. 1916 - d. 2005)
13 Dec 1980 - 13 Oct 1981  William T. Archey (acting)         (b. 1943 - d. 2017)
13 Oct 1981 - 31 Jul 1989  William "Willy" von Raab           (b. 1942 - d. 2019)
 
1 Aug 1989 -  2 Nov 1989  Michael H. Lane (1st time)(acting) (b. 1942 - d. 2024)
 3 Nov 1989 - 18 Jan 1993  Carol Boyd Hallett (f)             (b. 1937)
19 Jan 1993 - 12 May 1993  Michael H. Lane (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
12 May 1993 - 18 Apr 1997  George J. Weise                    (b. 1949)
19 Apr 1997 - 30 Jul 1998  Samuel Hobart Banks (acting)       (b. 1945)
31 Jul 1998 - 19 Jan 2001  Raymond W. Kelly                   (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2001 - 19 Sep 2001  Charles W. Winwood (acting)        (b. 1946)
19 Sep 2001 -  1 Mar 2003  Robert C. Bonner                   (b. 1942)

Commissioners, U.S. Customs and Border Protection
 
1 Mar 2003 - 24 Nov 2005  Robert C. Bonner                   (s.a.)
25 Nov 2005 - 25 May 2006  Deborah J. Spero (f)(acting)
26 May 2006 -  1 Mar 2009  W. Ralph Basham                    (b. 1943)

 1 Mar 2009 -  3 Jan 2010  Jayson P. Ahern (acting)
 3 Jan 2010 - 27 Mar 2010  David V. Aguilar (1st time)(acting)(b. 1955)
27 Mar 2010 - 30 Dec 2011  Alan D. Bersin                     (b. 1946)
30 Dec 2011 - 30 Mar 2013  David V. Aguilar (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
30 Mar 2013 -  7 Mar 2014  Thomas S. Winkowski (acting)       (b. 1954)
 7 Mar 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  R. Gil Kerlikowske                 (b. 1949)
20 Jan 2017 -
11 Apr 2019  Kevin K. McAleenan                 (b. 1971)
                             (acting to 20 Mar 2018)

11 Apr 2019 - 15 Apr 2019  Robert E. Perez (acting
)
15 Apr 2019 -  5 Jul 2019 
John P. Sanders (acting)
 5 Jul 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 
Mark A. Morgan (acting)            (b. 1950)
20 Jan 2021 - 13 Dec 2021  Troy A. Miller (1st time)(acting)
13 Dec 2021 - 12 Nov 2022  Christopher "Chris" Magnus         (b. 1960)
12 Nov 2022 - 31 Dec 2024  Troy A. Miller (2nd time)(acting)
31 Dec 2024 -              Peter "Pete" R. Flores (acting)


Secret Service 

[flag of U.S. Secret Service
                (USSS)]

U.S. Secret Service

 5 Jul 1865                U.S. Secret Service (USSS) created (within the Department
                             of Treasury).
1903                       Begins full-time protection of the President of United States.
 1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security.

Chiefs
 5 Jul 1865 -  5 May 1869  William P. Wood                    (b. 1820 - d. 1903)
1869 -  2 Sep 1874         Hiram C. Whitley                   (b. 1832 - d. 1919)
 
2 Sep 1874 -  2 Oct 1874  Simeon B. Benson (acting)          (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
 
2 Oct 1874 - 1876         Elmer Washburn                     (b. 1834 - d. 1918)
1876 - 1888                James J. Brooks                    (b. 1814 - d. 1895)
30 Jun 1888 - 1890         John S. Bell                       (b. 1844? - d. 1917)
                            
(acting to 16 Feb 1889)
1891 - 31 Jan 1894         Andrew L. Drummond                 (b. 1845 - d. 1921)
 
1 Feb 1894 - 1898         William Paxton Hazen               (b. 1858 - d. 1909)
1898 - 1911                John Elbert Wilkie                 (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
1912 - 1917                William James Flynn                (b. 1867 - d. 1928)
1917 - 31 Dec 1936         William H. Moran                   (b. 1862 - d. 1946)
 1 Jan 1937 - 1946         Frank J. Wilson                    (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
1946 - 1948                James J. Maloney                   (b. 1896 - d. 1959)
29 Nov 1948 - 31 Aug 1961  Urbanus Edmund Baughman            (b. 1905 - d. 1978)
 1 Sep 1961 - 1965         James J. Rowley                    (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
Directors, United States Secret Service
1965 - Oct 1973            James J. Rowley                    (s.a.)
Nov 1973 - 30 Nov 1981     H. Stuart Knight                   (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
Dec 1981 - 1992            John R. Simpson                    (b. 1932 - d. 2017)
 2 Feb 1992 - 30 Sep 1993  John W. Magaw                      (b. 1935)
30 Sep 1993 - Dec 1993     Guy P. Caputo (acting)             (b. 1947)
 7 Dec 1993 - May 1997     Eljay B. Bowron                    (b. 1951)
 6 Jun 1997 -  2 Jan 1999  Lewis C. Merletti                  (b. 1948)
 2 Jan 1999 -  4 Mar 1999  Bruce J. Bowen (acting)
 4 Mar 1999 - 27 Jan 2003  Brian L. Stafford                  (b. 1948)
27 Jan 2003 - 26 May 2006  W. Ralph Basham                    (b. 1943)
31 May 2006 - 22 Feb 2013  Mark J. Sullivan                   (b. 1955)
22 Feb 2013 - 27 Mar 2013  A.T. Smith (acting)
27 Mar 2013 -  1 Oct 2014  Julia A. Pierson (f)               (b. 1959)
 1 Oct 2014 -  4 Mar 2017  Joseph "Joe" P. Clancy             (b. 1955?)
                             (acting to 18 Feb 2015)

 4 Mar 2017 - 25 Apr 2017  William J. Callahan (acting)
25 Apr 2017 - 
1 May 2019  Randolph D. "Tex" Alles            (b. 1954) 
 1 May 2019 - 17 Sep 2022  James M. Murray                    (b. 1968?)
18 Sep 2022 - 23 Jul 2024  Kimberly A. Cheatle (f)            (b. 1970)
23 Jul 2024 - 22 Jan 2025  Ronald L. Rowe, Jr. (acting)       (b. 1971)
22 Jan 2025 -              Sean M. Curran                     (b. 1976?)


Citizenship and Immigration Services

[flag of U.S.
                      Immigration and Naturalization 1915-1933]
I&N Bureau Flag 1915 - 1933
 
[flag of U.S.
                      Immigration and Naturalization Service 1933-1940]
I&NS Flag 1933 - 1940
 
[flag of U.S. Immigration and Naturalization
                      Service 1940-2003]
I&NS Flag 1940 - 2003
 
[U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services]
USCIS Flag



Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

 3 Mar 1891                Office of the Superintendent of Immigration (within
                             the Department of the Treasury).
 2 Mar 1895                Bureau of Immigration
14 Feb 1903                Transferred to Department of Commerce and Labor.
29 Jun 1906                Renamed Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization.
 4 Mar 1913                Transferred to Department of Labor, and divided into two
                             bureaus (Immigration and Naturalization).
10 Aug 1933                The two Bureaus are reunited (Immigration and Naturalization
                             
Service)(INS).
14 Jun 1940                Transferred to the Department of Justice.
 1 Mar 2003                Becomes the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS),
                             within the Department of
Homeland Security.
 6 Aug 2004                Renamed United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Superintendents of Immigration
 1 Jul 1891 -  7 Apr 1893  William Dale Owen                  (b. 1846 - d. 1906)
 8 Apr 1893 -  1 Mar 1895  Herman Stump                       (b. 1837 - d. 1917)
Commissioners General of Immigration
 2 Mar 1895 - 30 Jun 1897  Herman Stump                       (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1897 - 24 Jun 1902  Terence Vincent Powderly           (b. 1849 - d. 1924)
25 Jun 1902 -  4 Sep 1908  Frank Pierce Sargent               (b. 1854 - d. 1908)
 1 Jul 1909 - 31 May 1913  Daniel Keefe                       (b. 1852 - d. 1929)
 1 Jun 1913 - 13 Mar 1921  Anthony J. Caminetti               (b. 1854 - d. 1923)
15 Mar 1921 - 15 May 1925  William Husband                    (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
15 May 1925 - 26 Apr 1933  Harry Edward Hull                  (b. 1864 - d. 1938)
27 Apr 1933 -  9 Aug 1933  Daniel W. MacCormack               (b. 1880 - d. 1937)
Commissioners of Naturalization
 4 Mar 1913 - 21 Dec 1922  Richard Kenna Campbell             (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
 1 Jan 1923 -  9 Aug 1933  Raymond Fowler Crist               (b. 1871 - d. 1944)
Commissioners of Immigration and Naturalization
10 Aug 1933 -  1 Jan 1937  Daniel W. MacCormack               (s.a.)
26 Aug 1937 - 31 Jul 1940  James Lawrence Houghteling         (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
 1 Oct 1940 - 19 Jul 1942  Lemuel Braddock Schofield          (b. 1892 - d. 1955)
20 Jul 1942 - 20 Jul 1944  Earl Grant Harrison                (b. 1899 - d. 1955)
 9 Jan 1945 - 26 Aug 1947  Ugo Carusi                         (b. 1902 - d. 1994)
27 Aug 1947 -  9 Jun 1950  Watson B. Miller                   (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
23 Apr 1951 - 23 May 1954  Argyle R. Mackey                   (b. 1898 - d. 1968)
24 May 1954 -  5 Jan 1962  Joseph M. Swing                    (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
 5 Feb 1962 - 31 Mar 1973  Raymond F. Farrell                 (b. 1911 - d. 1986)
29 Nov 1973 - 12 May 1977  Leonard F. Chapman                 (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
13 May 1977 -  1 Oct 1979  Leonel J. Castillo                 (b. 1939 - d. 2013)
22 Feb 1982 - 16 Jun 1989  Alan C. Nelson                     (b. 1933 - d. 1997)
26 Oct 1989 - 20 Jan 1993  Gene McNary                        (b. 1935)
18 Oct 1993 - 17 Nov 2000  Doris Marie Meissner (f)           (b. 1941)
17 Nov 2000 -  3 Aug 2001  Mary Ann Wyrsch (f) (acting)       (b. 1944)
 6 Aug 2001 - 30 Nov 2002  James W. Ziglar                    (b. 1945)
 1 Dec 2002 -  1 Mar 2003  Michael J. Garcia (acting)         (b. 1961)
Directors, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
 1 Mar 2003 - 16 Jun 2005  Eduardo Aguirre, Jr.               (b. 1946)
                             (acting to 19 Jun 2003)
17 Jun 2005 - 25 Jul 2005  Michael J. Petrucelli (acting)
25 Jul 2005 - 21 Dec 2005  Robert C. Divine (acting)
21 Dec 2005 - 18 Apr 2008  Emilio T. Gonzalez                 (b. 1956)

21 Apr 2008 -  2 Dec 2008  Jonathan "Jock" Scharfen (acting)  (b. 1955)
 2 Dec 2008 - 12 Aug 2009  Michael Aytes (acting)
12 Aug 2009 - 23 Dec 2013  Alejandro N. Mayorkas              (b. 1959)
23 Dec 2013 -  9 Jul 2014  Lori L. Scialabba (f)(1st time)    (b. 1959)
                             (acting)

 9 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  León Rodríguez                     (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Mar 2017 
Lori L. Scialabba (f)(2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)

31 Mar 2017 -  8 Oct 2017  James W. McCament (acting)
 8 Oct 2017 -  1 Jun 2019  Lee Francis Cissna                 (b. 1966)
 2 Jun 2019 - 10 Jun 2019  Mark Koumans (acting)
10 Jun 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 
Ken T. Cuccinelli (acting)         (b. 1968)
20 Jan 2021 - 
3 Aug 2021  Tracy L. Renaud (f) (acting)
 3 Aug 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Ur Mendoza Jaddou (f)              (b. 1974)
20 Jan 2025 -  9 Feb 2025  Jennifer B. Higgins (f)(acting)
 9 Feb 2025 -              Kika Scott (f) (acting)


U.S. Border Patrol

[U.S. Border
                    Patrol flag]

U.S. Border Patrol

28 May 1924                Bureau of Immigration (within Department of Labor) receives
                             funding to increase the "land-border patrol" functions of
                             which were already being performed. 

Mar 1926                   Position of 'Supervisor of the Border Patrol' created.
10 Aug 1933                Part of
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
14 Jun 1940                Transferred to Department of Justice along with the INS.
 1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security (as
                             part of U.S. Customs and Border Protection).

Supervisor of the Border Patrol, Northern Border (in Detroit)
1926 - 1927                Ruel E. Davenport                  (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
Supervisor of the Border Patrol, Southern Border (in El Paso)
1926 - 1927                George J. Harris

Supervisor of the Border Patrol
1927 - 1932                Ruel E. Davenport                  (s.a.)
Director
of the Border Patrol for the Canadian Border (in Detroit)
1932 - 1933                Frank W. Berkshire                
(b. 1870 - d. 1934)
Director of the Border Patrol for the Mexican Border, Gulf and Florida (in El Paso)
1932 - 1933                George J. Harris
Chiefs of the United States Border Patrol
 1 Jun 1933 - 1943         Willard F. Kelly
1943 - 1948                John W. Nelson
 
1948 - 1950                Nicholas Donald Collaer            (b. 1896 - d. 1977) 
1950 - 1957                Harlon Bronson Carter              (b. 1913 - d. 1991)
1957 - 1959                James F. Greene                    (b. 1915? - d. 1995)
1960 - 1973                Donald R. Coppock                  (b. 1910 - d. 2011)
1973 - 1977                Robert L. Stuart, Jr.
1977 - 1979                Robin J. Clack                     (b. 1917 - d. 1981)
1979 - 1980                Donald C. Day (acting)
1980 - 1986                Roger "Buck" P. Brandemuehl        (b. c.1934)
Jun 1986 - Dec 1989        Hugh J. Brien
1990 - 1995                Michael S. Williams
1995 - 31 Dec 1997        
Douglas "Doug" M. Kruhm            (b. 1945 - d. 2022)
 1 Jan 1998 -  1 Jul 2004  Gustavo "Gus" De La Viña           (b. 1939 - d. 2009)
 1 Jul 2004 -  3 Jan 2010  David V. Aguilar                   (b. 1955)
 3 Jan 2010 - 30 Nov 2015  Michael J. Fisher                  (b. 1964?)
                             (acting to 9 May 2010)
 1 Dec 2015 - 11 Oct 2016  Ronald D. Vitiello (1st time)      (b. 1963)
                             (acting)
11 Oct 2016 - 26 Jan 2017  Mark A. Morgan                     (b. 1965?)
26 Jan 2017 -  1 Feb 2017  Carla L. Provost (f) (1st time)    (b. 1969)
                             (acting)
 1 Feb 2017 - 25 Apr 2017 
Ronald D. Vitiello (2nd time)      (s.a.)
25 Apr 2017 -  1 Feb 2020 
Carla L. Provost (f) (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting to 9 Aug 2018)
 2 Feb 2020 - 23 Jun 2021  Rodney S. Scott  
24 Jun 2021 - 30 Jun 2023  Raul L. Ortiz 
                             (acting to 15 Aug 2021)
 1 Jul 2023 - 21 Jan 2025  Jason D. Owens
21 Jan 2025 -              Michael
"Mike" Banks

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

[U.S. Federal
                        Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flag]
24 Sep 1981 - 1 Mar 2003,
 Re-adopted 2022

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

 1 Apr 1979                Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) established as an
                             independent agency (by merger of Federal Disaster Assistance
                             Administration, Federal Preparedness Agency, Defense Civil
                             Preparedness Agency and absorption of the Federal Insurance
                             Administration, National Fire Prevention and Control
                             Administration, and the National Weather Service's Community
                             Preparedness Program).
 1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security (as Emergency
                             Preparedness and Response Directorate, with FEMA only as a brand
                             name for the directorate).
 1 Oct 2005                Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)(name restored). 

Directors of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
 1 Apr 1979 - Jul 1979     Gordon F. Vickery (acting)         (b. 1920 - d. 1996)
Jul 1979 - Aug 1979        Thomas R. Casey (acting)
Aug 1979 - Jan 1981        John Williams Macy, Jr.            (b. 1917 - d. 1986)
Jan 1981 - Apr 1981        Bernard T. Gallagher (acting)      (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
Apr 1981 - May 1981        John W. McConnell (acting)         (b. 1921 - d. 2001)
20 May 1981 -  1 Sep 1985  Louis Onorato "Jeff" Giuffrida     (b. 1920 - d. 2012)
Sep 1985 - Nov 1985        Robert H. Morris (1st time)        (b. 1919 - d. 2007)
                             (acting)
Nov 1985 - Jun 1989        Julius Wesley Becton, Jr.          (b. 1926 - d. 2023)
Jun 1989 - May 1990        Robert H. Morris (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (acting)
May 1990 - Aug 1990        Jerry D. Jennings (acting)         (b. 1940)
 4 Aug 1990 - 20 Jan 1993  Wallace Elmer Stickney             (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
Jan 1993 - Apr 1993        William C. Tidball (acting)
Apr 1993 - 20 Jan 2001     James Lee Witt                     (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 15 Feb 2001  John W. Magaw (acting)             (b. 1935)
15 Feb 2001 -  1 Mar 2003  Joe M. Allbaugh                    (b. 1952)
Under Secretaries for Emergency Preparedness and Response

 1 Mar 2003 - 12 Sep 2005  Michael DeWayne Brown              (b. 1954)
                             (acting to 15 Apr 2003)
12 Sep 2005 - 25 May 2006  Robert David Paulison (acting)     (b. 1947)

Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management

26 May 2006 - 30 Mar 2007  Robert David Paulison              (s.a.)
Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency
31 Mar 2007 - 21 Jan 2009  Robert David Paulison              (s.a.)
21 Jan 2009 - 19 May 2009  Nancy L. Ward (f) (acting)         (b. 1955?)
19 May 2009 - 20 Jan 2017  William Craig Fugate               (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 23 Jun 2017  Robert "Bob" J. Fenton, Jr.
                            
(1st time)(acting)
23 Jun 2017 - 
8 Mar 2019  William Brockmann "Brock" Long     (b. 1975)
 8 Mar 2019 - 11 Jan 2021  Peter Thomas Gaynor                (b. 1958)
                             (acting to 16 Jan 2020)
12 Jan 2021 - 26 Apr 2021 
Robert "Bob" J. Fenton, Jr.
                            
(2nd time)(acting)
26 Apr 2021 - 20 Jan 2025  Deanne Bennett Criswell (f)
20 Jan 2025 - 22 Jan 2025  Tony Robinson (acting)
22 Jan 2025 -              Cameron Hamilton (acting)          (b. 1977?)


FEMA predecessors

 1 Dec 1950                Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA)(within the Executive
                             Office of the President).
 1 Jul 1958                FCDA merged into the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization
                             (ODCM)(within the Executive Office of the President).
26 Aug 1958                ODCM renamed Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM).
20 Jul 1961                Civil defense functions of OCDM are transferred to the Secretary
                             of Defense.
20 Sep 1961                OCDM renamed Office of Emergency Planning (OEP).
 1 Apr 1964                Secretary of Defense transfers the Civil and Defense functions,
                             assigned to him, to the Secretary of the Army.
21 Oct 1968                OEP renamed Office of Emergency Preparedness.
 5 May 1972                Office of Civil Defense abolished and functions are transferred
                             to the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA)(within the
                             Department of Defense).
 1 Jul 1973                OEP functions are transferred to Office of Preparedness (OP) within
                             the General Services Administration (GSA) and the Federal
                             Disaster Assistance Administration (FDAA) within the Department
                             of Housing and Urban Development.
26 Jun 1975                Federal Preparedness Agency (FPA) is established (within the
                             General Services Administration), it takes over functions of
                             the former Office of Preparedness (OP). 
 1 Apr 1979                DCPA, FPA, and the FDAA merged into the Federal Emergency
                             Management Agency (FEMA).

Administrators of the Federal Civil Defense Administration
(within Executive Office of the President)
 1 Dec 1950 - 15 Nov 1952  Millard Fillmore Caldwell, Jr.     (b. 1897 - d. 1984)
15 Nov 1952 - 19 Feb 1953  James Jeremiah Wadsworth (acting)  (b. 1905 - d. 1984)
19 Feb 1953 - 14 Jun 1957  Frederick Valdemar "Val" Erastus   (b. 1903 - d. 1983)
                             Peterson (acting to 4 Mar 1953)
14 Jun 1957 - 19 Jul 1957  Lewis E. Berry (acting)            (b. 1914 - d. 2005)
19 Jul 1957 -  1 Jul 1958  Leo Arthur Hoegh                   (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
Directors, Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization (from 26 Aug 1958,
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization)
(within Executive Office of the President)
 1 Jul 1958 - 20 Jan 1961  Leo Arthur Hoegh                   (s.a.)
20 Jan 1961 - 27 Jan 1961  John Sutton Patterson (acting)     (b. 1902 - d. 1983)
27 Jan 1961 -  9 Mar 1961  Lewis E. Berry (acting)            (s.a.)
 9 Mar 1961 - 22 Sep 1961  Frank Burton Ellis                 (b. 1907 - d. 1969)
Directors, Office of Emergency Planning (within Executive Office of the President)
22 Sep 1961 -  2 Feb 1962  Frank Burton Ellis                 (s.a.)
 
2 Feb 1962 -  4 Mar 1965  Edward A. McDermott                (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
                            
(acting to 12 Apr 1962)
 
4 Mar 1965 - 15 Jan 1966  Earl Buford Ellington              (b. 1907 – d. 1972)
23 Mar 1966 -  9 Oct 1967  Cecil Farris Bryant                (b. 1914 - d. 2002)
 
9 Oct 1967 - 21 Oct 1968  Marion Price Daniel, Sr.           (b. 1910 - d. 1988)
Directors, Office of Emergency Preparedness
(within Executive Office of the President)
21 Oct 1968 - 20 Jan 1969  Marion Price Daniel, Sr.           (s.a.)
29 Jan 1969 - 20 Jan 1973  George Arthur Lincoln              (b. 1907 - d. 1975)
20 Jan 1973 –  1 Jul 1973  Darrell Melvin Trent (acting)      (b. 1938)

1973 - 1975                Robert E. Schnabel                 (b. 1920 - d. 1981)
May 1975 -  1 Apr 1979     James K. Hafer      
 
Directors, Office of Preparedness (from 26 Jun 1975, Federal Preparedness Agency)

(within the General Services Administration)
Oct 1973 - Apr 1977        Leslie William Bray                (b. 1921 - d. 2017)
Apr 1977 - Oct 1977        Dalimil Kybal (acting)             (b. 1916 - d. 2010)
31 Oct 1977 -  1 Apr 1979  Joseph A. Mitchell                 (b. 1941?)


Administrators, Federal
Disaster Assistance Administration (FDAA)
(within the Department of Housing and Urban Development)
 
1 Jul 1973 - 1977         Thomas P. Dunne                    (b. c.1913 - d. 1992)
1977 -  1 Apr 1979         William H. Wilcox                  (b. 1919 - d. 2004)

Assistant Secretaries of Defense (Civil Defense)
(within Department of Defense)
 1 Aug 1961 - 15 Sep 1961  Adam Yarmolinsky (acting)          (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
15 Sep 1961 -  7 Apr 1964  Steuart Lansing Pittman            (b. 1919 - d. 2013)
Directors, Office of Civil Defense (under Secretary of the Army within Defense Dept.)
 7 Apr 1964 - 31 Dec 1966  William Porter Durkee              (b. 1918 - d. 1982)
 1 Jan 1967 - 20 Jan 1969  Joseph Romm                        (b. 1920 - d. 2008)
                             (acting to 20 May 1968)
20 Jan 1969 -  5 May 1972  John Edward Davis                  (b. 1913 - d. 1990)
Directors, Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (within Department of Defense)
 5 May 1972 - 20 Jan 1977  John Edward Davis                  (s.a.)
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jul 1979  Bardyl Rifat Tirana                (b. 1937 - d. 2023)
                             (acting to 13 Apr 1977)


Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

[Transportation Security Administration
                          flag (U.S.)]
Adopted 11 Sep 2018

Transportation Security Administration

16 Nov 2001                Transportation Security Administration (TSA) created,
                             within the Department of Transportation.
 
1 Mar 2003                Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security.

Under Secretaries of Transportation for Security
28 Jan 2002 - 18 Jul 2002  John W. Magaw                      (b. 1935)
19 Jul 2002 -  1 Mar 2003  James Milton Loy                   (b. 1942)
                             (acting to 22 Nov 2002)
Administrators of the Transportation Security Administration
 
1 Mar 2003 -  4 Dec 2003  James Milton Loy                   (s.a.)

 4 Dec 2003 -  3 Jun 2005  David M. Stone                     (b. 1952)
                             (acting to 22 Jul 2004)
Assistant Secretaries/Administrators, Transportation Security Administration
22 Jul 2004 -  3 Jun 2005  David M. Stone                     (s.a.)
 4 Jun 2005 - 21 Jul 2005  Kenneth S. Kasprisin (acting)      (b. 1954?)

22 Jul 2005 - 20 Jan 2009  Edmund "Kip" S. Hawley III         (b. 1953 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2009 - 30 Jun 2010  Gale D. Rossides (f)(acting)
 1 Jul 2010 - 31 Dec 2014  John S. Pistole                    (b. 1956)
 1 Jan 2015 -  1 Jun 2015  Melvin J. Carraway (acting)
 1 Jun 2015 -  4 Jun 2015  Mark O. Hatfield, Jr. (acting)
 4 Jun 2015 -  3 Jul 2015  Francis "Fank" X. Taylor (acting) 
(b. 1948)
 4 Jul 2015 - 20 Jan 2017  Peter V. Neffenger                 (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2017 -
10 Aug 2017  Huban A. Gowadia (f) (acting)      (b. 1969)
10 Aug 2017 - 20 Jan 2025  David P. Pekoske                   (b. 1955)
                             (acting 17 Aug - 15 Sep 2022)
11 Apr 2019 - 13 Nov 2019  Patricia F.S. Cogswell (f)
                             (acting for Pekoske)
20 Jan 2021 -  2 Feb 2021  Darby R. LaJoye                    (b. 1976)
                             (acting for Pekoske)
21 Jan 2025 -
18 Feb 2025  Melanie Harvey (f)(acting)
18 Feb 2025 -              Adam Stahl (acting)


Immigration and Customs Enforcement

[U.S. Immigration and Customs
                Enforcement]

ICE Website

 1 Mar 2003                Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), within the
                             Department
of Homeland Security (created by merger of the
                             investigative
and interior enforcement elements of Customs
                             Service and
Immigration and Naturalization Service).
31 Mar 2007                Renamed U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Assistant Secretaries for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
11 Mar 2003 -  5 Sep 2005  Michael J. Garcia                  (b. 1961)
                             (acting to 25 Nov 2003)
 
6 Sep 2005 -  3 Jan 2006  John P. Clark (acting)
 4 Jan 2006 - 15 Nov 2008  Julie L. Myers (f)                 (b. 1969)
17 Nov 2008 - 12 May 2009  John P. Torres (acting)
12 May 2009 - Jul 2010     John T. Morton                     (b. 1966)
Directors, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Jul 2010 - 31 Jul 2013     John T. Morton                     (s.a.)
 1 Aug 2013 - 21 Feb 2014  John Sandweg (acting)              (b. 1975)
21 Feb 2014 - 16 Mar 2014  Daniel H. Ragsdale (1st time)
                             (acting)
16 Mar 2014 - 23 Dec 2014 
Thomas S. Winkowski (acting)       (b. 1954)
23 Dec 2014 - 20 Jan 2017  Sarah R. Saldaña (f)               (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2017 - 30 Jan 2017 
Daniel H. Ragsdale (2nd time)
                             (acting)
30 Jan 2017 - 30 Jun 2018  Thomas D. Homan (acting)           (b. 1961)
30 Jun 2018 - 12 Apr 2019  Ronald D. Vitiello (acting)        (b. 1963)
13 Apr 2019 -
27 May 2019  Matthew T. Albence (1st time)
                             (acting)
28 May 2019 -  5 Jul 2019  Mark A. Morgan (acting)            (b. 1950)
 5 Jul 2019 - 31 Aug 2020 
Matthew T. Albence (2nd time)
                             (acting)
    
 1 Sep 2020 - 31 Dec 2020  Tuong Tony Huu Pham  (acting)      (b. 1973)
31 Dec 2020 - 13 Jan 2021  Jonathan Fahey (acting)            (b. 1971?)
13 Jan 2021 -  4 Jul 2023  Tae D. Johnson (acting)
 4 Jul 2023 - 13 Jan 2025  Patrick J. "P.J." Lechleitner

                             (acting)
13 Jan 2025 - 20 Jan 2025  Staci A. Barrera (f)(acting)
20 Jan 2025 -  9 Mar 2025  Caleb Vitello (acting)
 9 Mar 2025 -              Todd M. Lyons (acting)







© Ben Cahoon