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Haiti
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![[French Flag]](fr.gif)
![(Haitian rebellion flag 1790-1791]](hai_1800.gif)
![[Haiti Flag of 1803]](ht-1803.gif)
![[Haiti Flag of 1806]](ht-1806.gif)
![[Haiti Flag of 1805]](ht-1805.gif)
![[Haiti Stae flag of c.1810 - 1849 and 1859 - 1964]](haiti1822.gif)
![[State Flag of Haiti, 1849-1859]](ht-1849.gif)
![[Haiti State flag, 1964-87]](ht-st64.gif)
![[State flag of Haiti, 1987]](ht-state.gif)
English Governors of Tortuga
1625 - 1629
....
1629 - 1630
Spanish occupation
1631 - 1634
Anthony Hilton (d. 1634)
1635
Nicholas Riskinner
(d. 1635)
1639 - 1640
Robert Flood
Jan 1654 - 1656
Spanish occupation
1656 - 1659
Elias Watts
French Governors of Île de la Tortue
Aug 1640 - Jul 1652 François Levasseur
(d. 1652)
1652 - Jan 1654 Louis d'Ache, chevalier de Fontenay
Jan 1654 - 1656
Spanish occupation
26 Nov 1656 - 1662
Jérémie Deschamps du Monsac
et du Rausset
1662 - Jun 1665
Frédérick Deschamps de La Place
(acting)
Jun 1665 - 1668
Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron de La (b. 1615 -
d. 1675)
Bouëre (1st time)
1668 - Jun 1669
Jacques Nepveu de Pouançay,
(d. 1683)
sieur de Pouançay (1st time)
(acting)
Jun 1669 - Feb 1673 Bertrand
Denis d'Ogeron de La (s.a.)
Bouëre (2nd time)
Apr 1673
Jerôme du Sarrat de La Perrière
(acting)
Apr 1673 - Sep 1675 Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron
de La (s.a.)
Bouëre (3rd time)
Sep 1675 - Aug 1676
Pierre Paul Tarin de Cussy
(d. 1691)
(1st time)(acting)
Aug 1676 - 1681
Jacques Nepveu de Pouançay,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouançay (2nd time)
1681 - Apr 1682
François Depardieu de Franquesnay
(acting)
May 1682 - 1683
Jacques Nepveu de Pouançay,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouançay (3rd time)
1683 - Apr 1684 Jacques de Pardieu de Franquesnay
(acting)
Apr 1684 - Jan 1691 Pierre
Paul Tarin de Cussy (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Jan 1691 - Oct 1691 Dumas
(acting)
1 Oct 1691 - Mar 1697 Jean-Baptiste
Ducasse (1st time)
(b. 1646 - d. 1715)
Mar 1697 - May 1697 Jacques
Yvon, sieur Deslandes
(acting)
May 1697 - Jun 1697 comte
de Boissyraimé (acting)
Governors of Saint-Domingue
Jun 1697 - Jul 1700 Jean-Baptiste
Ducasse (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Jul 1700 - 16 Dec 1703 Joseph d'Honon de
Gallifet (b. 16.. - d.
1706)
(acting)
16 Dec 1703 - 13 Feb 1705 Charles Auger
(b. c.1640 - d. 1705)
13 Oct 1705 - 28 Dec 1707 Jean-Pierre de Charitte (1st time)
(b. 1658 - d. 1723)
(acting)
28 Dec 1707 - 1710
François Joseph, comte de
(b. 16.. - d. 1711)
Choiseul-Beauprés
1710 - 7 Feb 1711
Jean-Pierre de Charitte (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Feb 1711 - 24 May 1711 Laurent de Valernod
(b. 16.. - d. 1711)
24 May 1711 - 29 Aug 1712 Nicolas de Gabaret
(b. 16.. - d. 1712)
29 Aug 1712 - 1713
Paul François de La Grange,
(b. 16.. - d. 1745)
comte d'Arquian
1713 - Jan 1714
Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac (b. 16.. - d. 1722)
Governors-general
Jan 1714 - 11 Jan 1717 Louis de Courbon,
comte de Blénac (s.a.)
11 Jan 1717 - 10 Jul 1719 Charles Joubert de la Bastide,
(b. 16.. - d. 1722)
marquis de Châteaumorand
10 Jul 1719 - 6 Dec 1723 Léon, marquis de Sorel
(b. 1655 - d. 1743)
6 Dec 1723 - 8 Oct 1731 Gaspard Charles de Goussé,
chevalier de La Rochalar
8 Oct 1731 - 4 Feb 1732 Antoine Gabriel, marquis
de Vienne (d. 1732)
de Busserolles
4 Feb 1732 - 8 Oct 1732 Étienne Cochard
de Chastenoy
(1st time) (acting)
8 Oct 1732 - 11 Aug 1737 Pierre, marquis de Fayet
(d. 1737)
Aug 1737 - 11 Nov 1737 Étienne Cochard
de Chastenoy
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Nov 1737 - 19 Nov 1746 Charles de Brunier,
marquis de Larnage
(d. 1746)
19 Nov 1746 - 12 Aug 1748 Étienne Cochard de Chastenoy
(3rd time) (acting)
12 Aug 1748 - 29 Mar 1751 Hubert de Brienne, comte de
(b. 1690 - d. 1777)
Conflans
29 Mar 1751 - 31 May 1753 Emmanuel Auguste de Cahideux du
(b. 1683 - d. 1764)
Bois de Lamothe
31 May 1753 - 24 Mar 1757 Joseph Hyacinthe de Rigaud,
(b. 1706 - d. 1764)
marquis de Vaudreuil
24 Mar 1757 - 30 Jul 1762 Philippe François Bart
(b. 1706 - d. 1784)
30 Jul 1762 - 7 Mar 1763 Gabriel de Bory de Saint-Vincent
(b. 1720 - d. 1801)
7 Mar 1763 - 4 Aug 1763 Armand, vicomte de Belzunce
(b. 1722 - d. 1763)
4 Aug 1763 - 23 Apr 1764 Pierre André de Gohin,
comte (b. 1722 - d. af.1781)
de Montreuil (acting)
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 Jean Baptiste Charles Henri,
(b. 1729 - d. 1794)
comte d'Estaing
1 Jul 1766 - 10 Feb 1769 Louis Armand Constantin de
Rohan, (b. 1730 - d. 1794)
prince de Montbazon
10 Feb 1769 - 15 Jan 1772 Pierre Gédéon, comte
de Nolivos (b. 1714 - d. 17..)
15 Jan 1772 - 30 Apr 1772 De la Ferronays (acting)
30 Apr 1772 - 15 Apr 1775 Louis Florent, marquis de Valière
(b. 1719 - d. 1775)
12 May 1775 - 16 Aug 1775 Jean-François, comte de
Reynaud (b. 1731 - d. 1812)
de Villeverd (1st time) (acting)
16 Aug 1775 - 13 Dec 1776 Victor Thérèse Charpentier,
(b. 1732 - d. 1776)
comte d'Ennery
28 Dec 1776 - 22 May 1777 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (1st time) (acting)
22 May 1777 - 7 Mar 1780 Robert, comte d'Argout
(b. 1724 - d. 1780)
7 Mar 1780 - 25 Apr 1780 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (2nd time) (acting)
25 Apr 1780 - 28 Jul 1781 Jean-François, comte de
Reynaud (s.a.)
de Villeverd (2nd time)
28 Jul 1781 - 14 Feb 1782 Jean-Baptiste de Taste de
Lilancour (3rd time) (acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 3 Jul 1785 Guillaume Léonard de
Bellecombe, (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
seigneur de Teirac
3 Jul 1785 - 27 Apr 1786 Gui Pierre de Coustard (acting)
27 Apr 1786 - Nov 1787 César Henri,
comte de La Luzerne (b. 1737 - d. 1799)
Nov 1787 - 22 Dec 1788 Alexandre de Vincent
de Mazade (b. 1735 - d. 1808)
(1st time) (acting)
22 Dec 1788 - 1789
Marie Charles, marquis du Chilleau (b. 1734 - d. 1794)
1789
Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
19 Aug 1789 - Nov 1790 Louis Antoine Thomassin,
(d. 1790)
comte de Peynier
9 Nov 1790 - 1792
Philibert François Rouxel de
(b. 1735 - d. 1793)
Blanchelande
29 Nov 1791 - 1 Apr 1792 Frédéric de
Mirbeck -Commissioner
29 Nov 1791 - 18 Sep 1792 Philippe-Rose Roume de Saint- (b. 1724 - d. 1804)
Laurent -Commissioner (1st time)
1792
Adrien Nicolas, marquis de la (b.
1735 - d. 1816)
Salle, comte d'Offémont
17 Sep 1792 - 23 Oct 1792 Jean Jacques d'Esparbès
de Lussan (b. 1720 - d. 1810)
23 Oct 1792 - 2 Jan 1793 Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur,
(b. 1755 - d. 1813)
comte de Rochambeau (1st time)
2 Jan 1793 - 19 Jun 1793 Léger Félicité
Sonthonax (b.
1763 - d. 1813)
(1st time) -Commissioner
19 Jun 1793 - Oct 1793 François
Galbaud du Fort (b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Oct 1793 - 11 May 1796 Étienne Maynaud
Bizefranc, (b. 1751 - d.
1828)
comte de Laveaux
11 May 1796 - 24 Aug 1797 Léger Félicité
Sonthonax
(s.a.)
(2nd time) -Commissioner
1 Apr 1797 - 5 May 1802 Pierre François
Dominique (b. 1743?
- d. 1803)
Toussaint-Louverture
27 Mar 1798 - 23 Oct 1798 Gabriel Marie Théodore-Joseph
(b. 1755 - d. 1825)
Hédouville -Commissioner
Oct 1798 - Nov 1800 Philippe-Rose
Roume de Saint- (s.a.)
Laurent -Commissioner (2nd time)
14 Jan 1801 - 1803? François Jacques Lequoy de
Mongiraud -Prefect
5 Feb 1802 - 2 Nov 1802 Charles Victor Emmanuel
Leclerc (b. 1772 - d. 1802)
2 Nov 1802 - 30 Nov 1803 Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur,
comte de Rochambeau (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803 Jean-Jacques Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806)
British Occupied Saint-Domingue
![[Union flag of 1606]](gb-1606.gif)
Military Governors
19 Sep 1793 - May 1795 John Whitelock
(b. 1757 - d. 1833)
May 1795 - Mar 1796 Adam
Williamson
(b. 1736 - d. 1798)
Mar 1796 - Mar 1796 Gordon Forbes
Mar 1797 - Jul 1797 John Graves
Simcoe
(b. 1752 - d. 1806)
Jul 1797 - Apr 1798 John Whyte
Apr 1798 - 2 Oct 1798 Thomas Maitland
(b. 1759 - d. 1824)
Note: Haiti was split de facto between a "North" and a "South" government from 28 Dec 1806 to 26 Oct 1820. This is shown below as an overlap of two polities, the first called Haiti (North), from independence (1804) to the death of King Henri I (1820); the second, Haiti, from 1806 to the present (South to 1820). There were also several short-lived secessions of parts of the country; these are listed at the end of this record.
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![[Kingdom of Haiti State Flag of 1806-1820]](ht-1811.gif)
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(17 Feb 1807 - 6 Apr 1811) (6 Apr 1811 - 8 Oct 1820) |
Cap-Haïtien (Cap-Henri) 1811-1820 |
1 Jan 1804
Independence (Haiti)
8 Oct 1804
Empire of Haiti
17 Oct 1806
Haiti
17 Feb 1807
State of Haiti
28 Mar 1811
Kingdom of Haiti
8 Oct 1820
Extinction of the state, incorporated into Republic
of Haiti on 26 Oct 1820 (s.b.)
Governor-general
1 Jan 1804 - 8 Oct 1804 Jean-Jacques Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806)
Emperor¹
8 Oct 1804 - 17 Oct 1806 Jacques I
(s.a.)
Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government
17 Oct 1806 - 17 Feb 1807 Henry Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820)
President and Generalissimo
17 Feb 1807 - 28 Mar
1811 Henry Christophe
(s.a.)
King¹
28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820 Henri I
(s.a.)
Haiti
28 Dec 1806
Republic of Haiti
26 Aug 1849
Empire of Haiti
23 Dec 1858
Republic of Haiti
Presidents
28 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807 Henri Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820)
(did not accept or take office)
27 Jan 1807 - 10 Mar 1807 Bruno Blanchet (acting)
(b. 1760 - d. 1822)
(Secretary of State)
10 Mar 1807 - 9 Mar 1811 Anne-Alexandre Sabès,
dit Pétion (b. 1770 - d. 1818)
"Papa Bon Coeur" (1st time)
9 Mar 1811 - 10 Mar 1811 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert
(1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1855)
(acting)(Administrator-general of Finances)
10 Mar 1811 - 9 Mar 1815 Anne-Alexandre Sabès,
dit Pétion (s.a.)
(2nd time)
9 Mar 1815 - 10 Mar 1815 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Mar 1815 - 29 Mar 1818 Anne-Alexandre Sabès, dit
Pétion (s.a.)
(3rd time)
29 Mar 1818 - 30 Mar 1818 Jean-Chrisostôme Imbert (3rd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)(Secretary of State)
30 Mar 1818 - 13 Mar 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer
(b. 1776 - d. 1850)
13 Mar 1843 - 4 Apr 1843 Charles Hérard aîné,
dit Rivière (b. 1787 - d. 1850)
(1st time)(Chief of Executive Power)
4 Apr 1843 - 5 Apr 1843 Provisional Government
- José María Imbert
- Voltaire
(d. 1843)
- Philippe Guerrier
(b. 1757 - d. 1845)
- N. Segrettier
5 Apr 1843 - 3 May 1844 Charles Hérard
aîné, dit Riviére (s.a.)
(2nd time)
(Chief of Provisional Government to 4 Jan 1844)
7 Oct 1843 - 13 Oct 1843 Jacques-Honoré Féry
(Chief of Provisional Government; in dissidence)
5 Apr 1844 - 24 Jun 1844 Louis Jean-Jacques Acaau
(d. 1846)
(General, Chief of Citizens Grievances;
in rebellion)
3 May 1844 - 15 Apr 1845 Philippe Guerrier
(s.a.)
15 Apr 1845 - 16 Apr 1845 Council of Secretaries of State
- Alexis Beaubrun Ardouin
(b. 1796 - d. 1865)
- Jacques Sylvain Gelin Hyppolite (b. 1784 - d. 1857)
- Jean Paul
(b. 1800 - d. 1872)
- ....
16 Apr 1845 - 1 Mar 1846 Jean-Louis Pierrot, baron
Pierrot (b. 1765 - d. 1857)
1 Mar 1846 - 27 Feb 1847 Jean-Baptiste Riché
(b. 1776 - d. 1847)
27 Feb 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Council of Secretaries
of State
- Charles Céligny Ardouin
(b. 1801 - d. 1849)
- Alexis Maurice Dupuy
- ....
- ....
1 Mar 1847 - 26 Aug 1849 Faustin Éli Soulouque
(b. 1782 - d. 1867)
Emperor¹
26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859 Faustin I
(s.a.)
Presidents
15 Jan 1859 - 13 Mar 1867 Fabre Nicolas Geffrard
(b. 1806 - d. 1879)
(President of the Revolutionary Committee
[in rebellion from 23 Dec 1858] to 23 Jan 1859)
13 Mar 1867 - Mar 1867 Council of Secretaries
of State
Mar 1867 - 20 Mar 1867 Consultative
Council
20 Mar 1867 - 2 May 1867 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget
(b. 1810 - d. 1880)
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government)
2 May 1867 - 4 May 1867 Provisional Government
- Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget (s.a.)
- Victor Jean-Marie Eustache
(b. 1815 - d. 1869)
Chevallier, dit Victorin
Chevallier
- Sylvain Salnave
(b. 1826 - d. 1870)
4 May 1867 - 27 Dec 1869 Sylvain Salnave
(s.a.)
(Protector of the Republic to 6 May 1867;
then provsional President to 14 Jun 1867)
27 Dec 1869 - 13 May 1874 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Provisional Government to 20 Mar 1870)
13 May 1874 - 14 Jun 1874 Council of Secretaries of State
- Pierre Charles Barthélemy Darius (b. 1822 - d. 1884)
Denis
- Désilus Lamour
- Justin Alexis Victor Turenne (b. 1827
- d. ....)
Carrié
- ....
14 Jun 1874 - 15 Apr 1876 Michel Domingue
(d. 1877)
15 Apr 1876 - 23 Apr 1876 Council of Secretaries of State
23 Apr 1876 - 17 Jul 1879 Pierre-Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(b. 1832 - d. 1905)
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government to 17 Jul 1876)
17 Jul 1879 - 26 Jul 1879 Central Committee of Public
Safety
26 Jul 1879 - 3 Oct 1879 Joseph Lamothe
(President of Provisional Government)
3 Oct 1879 - 10 Aug 1888 Louis Étienne Lysius
Félicité (b. 1815 - d. 1888)
PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon jeune
(President of Provisional Government to 26 Oct 1879)
27 Mar 1883 - 27 Oct 1883 Jean-Pierre Boyer Bazelais
(b. 1836 - d. 1884)
(Chief Executive of the Central Revolutionary Committee;
in dissidence)
10 Aug 1888 - 16 Oct 1888 Pierre-Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(President of Revolutionary Committee to
23 Aug 1888, then President of Provisional Government)
16 Oct 1888 - 22 Aug 1889 François Denys Légitime
(b. 1841 - d. 1935)
(Chief of Executive Power to 18 Dec 1888)
22 Aug 1889 - 23 Aug 1889 Council of Secretaries of State
23 Aug 1889 - 17 Oct 1889 Monpoint jeune
(President of Provisional Government)
17 Oct 1889 - 24 Mar 1896 Louis Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite
(b. 1827 - d. 1896)
24 Mar 1896 - 31 Mar 1896 Council of Secretaries of State
- Tirésias Antoine Auguste
(b. 1835 - d. 1916)
Simon-Sam
- Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste (b.
1856 - d. 1913)
- Solon Ménos
(d. 1918)
- ....
31 Mar 1896 - 12 May 1902 Tirésias Antoine Auguste
Simon-Sam (s.a.)
12 May 1902 - 26 May 1902 Louis-Auguste Boisrond-Canal, dit (b. 1847 - d. 1940)
Boisrond-Canal jeune
(President of Central Committee of Public
Welfare)
26 May 1902 - 17 Dec 1902 Pierre-Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
(President of Provisional Government)
4 Aug 1902 - 15 Oct 1902 Joseph-Anténor Firmin
(b. 1850 - d, 1911)
(President of Executive Council; in rebellion)
17 Dec 1902 - 2 Dec 1908 Pierre Nord Alexis
(b. 1820 - d. 1910)
(Chief of Executive Power to 23 Dec 1902)
2 Dec 1908 - 5 Dec 1908 Louis-Auguste Boisrond-Canal, dit (s.a.)
Boisrond-Canal jeune
(President of Commission for Maintenance of Law and Order)
6 Dec 1908 - 3 Aug 1911 François C. Antoine
"A.T." Simon (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
(Chief of Executive Power to 21 Dec 1908)
24 Jul 1911 - 8 Aug 1912 Jean-Jacques Dessalines Michel
(b. 1854 - d. 1912)
Cincinnatus Leconte
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution to 7 Aug 1911;
Chief of Executive Power 7-14 Aug 1911)
1911 - 5 Nov 1911 Horatius Limage Philippe
(President of Central Revolutionary
Committee; in rebellion)
8 Aug 1912
Council of Secretaries of State
- Edmond Lespinasse (1st time)
- Antoine Constantin Sansaricq (b. 1868
- d. 1941)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1918)
- John Déjoie Laroche
(b. 1861 - d. 1921)
- Tertulien Guilbaud (1st time) (b. 1856 -
d. 1937)
8 Aug 1912 - 3 May 1913 Jean Antoine Tancrède
Auguste (s.a.)
3 May 1913 - 12 May 1913 Council of Secretaries of State
- F. Baufossé Laroche
(b. 1865 - d. 1921)
- Seymour Pradel
(b. 1876 - d. 1943)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Tertulien Guilbaud (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Edmond Lespinasse (2nd time)
- André Guatimosin Boco
12 May 1913 - 27 Jan 1914 Michel Oreste Lafontant, dit
(b. 1859 - d. 1918)
Michel-Oreste
27 Jan 1914 - 2. Jan 1914 Council of Secretaries of State
2. Jan 1914 - 8 Feb 1914 Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
(1st time)
(President of Committee of Public Welfare)
8 Feb 1914 - 29 Oct 1914 Emmanuel Oreste Zamor
(b. 1861 - d. 1915)
29 Oct 1914 - 6 Nov 1914 Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
(2nd time)
(President of Committee of Public Welfare)
19 Oct 1914 - 22 Feb 1915 Joseph Davilmar Théodore
(b. 1847 - d. 1917)
(Chief of Executive Power to 10 Nov 1914)
22 Feb 1915 - 2. Feb 1915 Committee of Public Welfare
- Seymour Pradel
(s.a.)
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
2. Feb 1915 - 25 Feb 1915 Committee of Administration
25 Feb 1915 - 28 Jul 1915 Jean Vilbrun Guillaume-Sam
(b. 1859 - d. 1915)
(Chief of Executive Power to 9 Mar 1915)
5 May 1915 - 6 Aug 1915 Rosalvo Bobo
(b. 1873 - d. 1929)
(Chief of Executive Power; in dissidence)
Presidents
28 Jul 1915 - 11 Aug 1915 Revolutionary Committee
- Charles de Delva
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
- Diogène Dèlinois
- Charles Zamor
(d. 1931)
- Gaston Pierre-Joseph Antoine
Dalencourt
- Ermane Robin
12 Aug 1915 - 15 May 1922 Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave
(b. 1863 - d. 1926)
15 May 1922 - 15 May 1930 Eustache Antoine François
Joseph (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
Louis Borno
15 May 1930 - 18 Nov 1930 Louis Eugène Roy
(b. 1861 - d. 1938)
18 Nov 1930 - 15 May 1941 Sténio Joseph Vincent
(b. 1874 - d. 1959)
15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 Élie Lescot
(b. 1883 - d. 1974)
11 Jan 1946 - 16 Aug 1946 Franck Lavaud (1st time)
(b. 1903 - d. 1986) Mil
(President of Military Executive Committee)
16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 Dumarsais Estimé
(b. 1900 - d. 1953) Non-party
10 May 1950 - 6 Dec 1950 Franck Lavaud (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(President of Government Junta)
6 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956 Paul Eugène Magloire
(b. 1907 - d. 2001)Mil/Non-party
(Chief of Executive Power from 6 Dec 1956)
12 Dec 1956 - 4 Feb 1957 Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
(b. 1900 - d. 1966) Non-party
(Provisional Chief of Executive Power)
7 Feb 1957 - 2 Apr 1957 Franck Sylvain (provisional)
(b. 1909 - d. 1987) Non-party
2 Apr 1957 - 6 Apr 1957 Léon Cantave (1st
time)
(b. 1910 - d. 1967) Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
6 Apr 1957 - 20 May 1957 Executive Government Council
(Presidency rotates session by session among the
delegates: of Louis Déjoie [Cambronne, Daguilh,
Bretous], of François Duvalier [Pierre-Paul, Nicoleau,
Beauvoir], and of Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé
[Bernard, Bruny, Lamothe])
- Jean Charles Léonce Bernard
(b. 1895 - d. 1984)
- Georges Bretous
(b. 1903)
- Stuart Cambronne
(b. 1903)
- Antoine Pierre-Paul
(b. 1881 - d. 19..)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Vilfort Beauvoir
(b. 1892 - d. ....)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Weber Michaud
(b. 1902)
- Seymour Lamothe
(b. 1911)
- Raoul Fabre Daguilh
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
- Théodore A. Nicoleau
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Ernest B. Danache
(b. 1917)
- Emmanuel Bruny
(b. 1915)
- Max Bolté
(b. 1920)
- Grégoire Eugène
(b. 1924)
20 May 1957 - 25 May 1957 Léon Cantave (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
25 May 1957 - 14 Jun 1957 Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé
(b. 1914 - d. 1986) MOP
(provisional)
14 Jun 1957 - 22 Oct 1957 Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau
(b. 1909 - d. 1963) Mil
(President of Military Council)
22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 François Duvalier "Papa
Doc" (b. 1907 - d. 1971)PUN/Non-party
(Chief of the Revolution 15 - 22 May 1963)
21 Apr 1971 - 7 Feb 1986 Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby
Doc" (b. 1951)
Non-party
7 Feb 1986 - 7 Feb 1988 Henri Namphy (1st time)
(b. 1932)
Mil
(President of National Council)
7 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Leslie-François Saint-Roc Manigat
(b. 1930)
RDNP
20 Jun 1988 - 17 Sep 1988 Henri Namphy (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990 Prosper Avril
(b. 1937)
Mil
10 Mar 1990 - 13 Mar 1990 Hérard Abraham (interim)
(b. 1940)
Mil
13 Mar 1990 - 7 Jan 1991 Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (f)
(b. 1943)
Non-party
(1st time)(provisional)
7 Jan 1991 (hours)
Roger Lafontant (provisional) (b. 1931? -
d. 1991) Non-party
7 Jan 1991 - 7 Feb 1991 Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (f)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)(provisional)
7 Feb 1991 - 30 Sep 1991 Jean-Bertrand Aristide²
(1st time) (b. 1953)
FNCD
1 Oct 1991 - 8 Oct 1991 Raoul Cédras
(b. 1949)
Mil
(Chairman of Military Junta; de facto leader to 12 Oct 1994)
8 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Joseph C. Nérette (provisional)
(b. 1924 - d. 2007)
Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 Marc Louis Bazin (acting)
(b. 1932)
MIDH
15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FNCD
(in exile, but recognized in Haiti)
12 May 1994 - 12 Oct 1994 Émile Jonassaint (provisional)
(b. 1913 - d. 1995) Non-party
12 Oct 1994 - 7 Feb 1996 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (3rd
time) (s.a.)
OPL
7 Feb 1996 - 7 Feb 2001 René Garcia Préval
(1st time) (b. 1943)
OPL
7 Feb 2001 - 29 Feb 2004 Jean-Bertrand Aristide (4th
time) (s.a.)
FL
29 Feb 2004 - 14 May 2006 Boniface Alexandre (provisional)
(b. 1936)
Non-party
14 May 2006 -
René Garcia Préval (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FLP
Prime ministers
9 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Martial Célestin
(b. 1913)
Non-party
20 Jun 1988 - 13 Feb 1991 Post abolished
13 Feb 1991 - 11 Oct 1991 René Garcia Préval
(s.a.)
FNCD
11 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Jean-Jacques Honorat (interim)
(b. 1931)
Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 30 Aug 1993 Marc Louis Bazin
(s.a.)
MIDH
30 Aug 1993 - 8 Nov 1994 Robert Malval
(b. 1943)
Non-party
8 Nov 1994 - 7 Nov 1995 Smarck Michel
(b. 1937)
Non-party
7 Nov 1995 - 27 Feb 1996 Claudette Antoine Werleigh (f)
(b. 1946)
OPL
27 Feb 1996 - 20 Oct 1997 Rosny Smarth
(b. 1940)
OPL
21 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Vacant³
26 Mar 1999 - 2 Mar 2001 Jacques-Édouard Alexis
(1st time) (b. 1947)
OPL
2 Mar 2001 - 15 Mar 2002 Jean-Marie Chérestal
(b. 1947)
FL
15 Mar 2002 - 12 Mar 2004 Yvon Neptune
(b. 1946)
FL
12 Mar 2004 - 9 Jun 2006 Gérard Latortue
(b. 1934)
Non-party
23 May 2006 - 9 Jun 2006 Henri Bazin (acting for Latortue)
(b. 1934?)
Non-party
9 Jun 2006 - 1 Aug 2008 Jacques-Édouard
Alexis (2nd time) (s.a.)
FLP
1 Aug 2008 - Michele Duvivier Pierre-Louis (f) (b. 1947?) Non-party
U.S. Military Commanders
28 Jul 1915 - Apr 1916 William Banks Caperton
(b. 1855 - d. 1941)
Apr 1916 - Jan 1917 Littleton
Waller Tazewell Waller (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
Jan 1917 - Nov 1918 John
Henry Russell, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Nov 1918 - Sep 1919 Albertus
Wrigth Catlin
(b. 1868 - d. 1933)
Sep 1919 - 11 Feb 1922 John Henry Russell,
Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
High Commissioner
11 Feb 1922 - 16 Nov 1930 John Henry Russell, Jr.
(b. 1872 - d. 1947)
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
16 Nov 1930 - 14 Sep 1932 Dana Gardner Munro
(b. 1892 - d. 19..)
7 Nov 1932 - 4 Mar 1933 Norman Armour (1st time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1982)
11 Apr 1933 - 15 Aug 1934 Norman Armour (2nd time)
(s.a.)
U.S. Military Commanders
16 Sep 1994 - 25 Oct 1994 Henry H. Shelton
(b. 1942)
25 Oct 1994 - Jan 1995 David C. Meade
(b. 1941?)
Jan 1995 - Mar 1995 George
A. Fisher, Jr.
United Nations Commanders
Mar 1995 - 1 Mar 1996 Joseph W. Kinzer
(U.S.)
(b. 1939)
1 Mar 1996 - 31 Jul 1997 Pierre Daigle (Canada)
31 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1997 Robin Gagnon (Canada)
U.S. Military Commander
24 Feb 2004 - 1 Jun 2004 James T. Hill
United Nations (MINUSTAH) Force Commanders
1 Jun 2004 - 1 Sep 2005 Augusto Heleno Ribeiro
Pereira (b. 1948?)
(Brazil)
1 Sep 2005 - 7 Jan 2006 Urano Teixeira da Matta
Bacellar (b. 1947 - d. 2006)
(Brazil)
7 Jan 2006 - 20 Jan 2006 Eduardo Aldunate Herman (interim)
(Chile)
20 Jan 2006 - 9 Jan 2007 José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira (b. 1946)
(Brazil)
9 Jan 2007 - Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz (b. 1957?)
(Brazil)
¹The style of the ruler:
(a) 8 Oct 1804 - 16 Jun 1805: Empereur d'Haïti et chef suprême de l'armée par la grâce de Dieu ("Emperor of Haiti and Supreme Chief of the Army by the Grace of God");
(b) 16 Jun 1805 - 17 Oct 1806: Empereur d'Haïti et chef suprême
de l'armée par la grâce de Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle
de l'état ("Emperor of Haiti and Supreme Chief of the Army by the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State");
(c) 28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820: par la grâce de Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi
d'Haïti ("by the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, King of Haiti");
- unconstitutional longer form also in use: par la grâce de Dieu et
la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi du Haïti, souverains
de Tortuga, Gonâve et d'autres îles adjacentes, destroyer de
tyrannie, régénérateur et bienfaiteur de la nation
de Haitian, créateur de ses établissements moraux, politiques
et de Martial, le premier a couronné le monarque du nouveau monde,
le défenseur de
la foi, fondateur de la commande royale et militaire de Saint-Henry
("by the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, King of Haiti,
Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve and other adjacent Islands, Destroyer
of Tyranny, Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haitian Nation, Creator of
her Moral, Political and Martial Institutions, First Crowned Monarch of
the New World, Defender of the Faith, founder of the Royal and Military
Order of Saint-Henry");
(d) 26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859: par la grâce de Dieu, empereur de Haïti ("by the Grace
of God, Emperor of Haiti").
²30 Sep 1991 - 12 Oct 1994, Jean-Bertrand Aristide was recognized as legal President of Haiti in exile by the international community during military rule.
³During 1 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999, Parliament refused to accept two of President René Garcia Préval's nominees for the post prime minister, Ericq Pierre (b. 1945?) and Hervé Denis (b. 1928 - d. 2002), the office therefore remained legally vacant.
Territorial Disputes: Since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order in Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians fleeing economic privation and civil unrest continue to cross into Dominican Republic and to sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims U.S.-administered Navassa Island.
Party abbreviations: CD = Convergence Democratique
(Democratic Convergence, 15-party opposition alliance); FL = Fanmi
Lavalas (Water Fall Family, Aristide personalist, left-wing); FLP = Fwon Lespwa (Front de l'Espoir, [Front of Hope],
coalition of left-wing groups from former ruling party, Lavalas); OPL
= Organisation de Peuple en Lutte (Organization of Struggling People; to
1996 Organisation Politique Lavalas [Water Fall Political Organization]);
Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: FNCD = Front National pour
le Changement et la Démocratie (National Front for Change and Democracy,
coalition); MIDH = Mouvement pour l'Installation de la Démocratie
au Haïti (Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti); MOP
= Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan (Worker Peasant Movement); PN = Parti
National (National Party, populist, black dominated);
PL = Parti Liberal (Liberal Party, conservative, Mulatto
dominated); PUN = Partie Nationale d'Unité (National Unity
Party, Duvalier personalist); RDNP = Rassemblement des Démocrates
Nationaux Progressifs (Rally of Progressive National Democrats)
Department of the South
![[Department of the South Haiti 1810]](haiti1810-12.gif)
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3 Nov 1810
Secession (Département du Sud).
7 Mar 1812
Re-incorporation into Republic of Haiti.
General-in-Chief
3 Nov 1810 - 9 Jan 1811 Benoît-Joseph-André Rigaud
(b. 1761 - d. 1811)
Presidents of the Council
9 Jan 1811 - 18 Sep 1811 Benoît-Joseph-André Rigaud
(s.a.)
18 Sep 1811 - 7 Mar 1812 Jérôme-Maximilien
Borgella (b. 1773 - d.
1842)
Republic of the North
![[Civil flag of Haiti]](ht.gif)
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25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Republic of the North (République du Nord).
Provisional President
25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Jean Nicholas Nissage-Saget
(b. 1810 - d. 1880)
Southern State of Haiti
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of Haiti |
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8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Southern State of Haiti (État Méridional d'Haïti).
President
8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Michel Domingue
(d. 1877)
Northern Republic
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27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Republic of Northern Haiti (République Septentrionale d'Haïti).
President of the Provisional Government
27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Louis Mondastin Florvil Hyppolite
(b. 1827 - d. 1896)
Artibonite
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19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 Republic of Artibonite (République d'Artibonite).
President
19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 Buteur Métayer
(b. 1970? - d. 2005) FLRN
Party abbreviation: FLRN = Front pour la Libération
et la Reconstruction Nationales (National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation
of Haiti, formerly Front de Résistance Artibonite [Revolutionary
Artibonite Resistance Front])
©2000 Ben Cahoon