return to World Statesmen.org
back to Tanzania >>

 


 

Tanganyika Traditional Polities


Note: This is a selection from the very large collection of traditional polities in Tanganyika. All these polities that survived to Tanganyika independence were abolished, or
at least derecognized, when Tanganyika became a republic on 9 Dec 1962. This end date is not repeated for each of the listed entries.


Buddu (also known as Kivumbiro)

Rulers
.... - ....                Kakoko
.... - ....                Araki
.... - ....                Mtutura
.... - ....                Wonye
.... - ....                Rukika I
.... - ....                Kagoro
.... - ....                Nyamtura
.... - ....                Camkuma
.... - ....                Rukika II



Buhaya

(1) Bugabo

.... - 1860                Incorporated into Karagwe and then into Kyamutwara.

Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....                Bunyonya
.... - ....                Kiteite
                             [last before incorporation into Karagwe]
1860 - 1895                Kahiyoza
1895 - 1899                Rutahigwa
1899 - 1910                Rwakyendera
1910 - 1927                Rugacwa
1927 - 1937                Gabriel Rutalemwa


(2) Bugando

Rulers
.... - ....                Rweyasiza
.... - 1867                Bucenera
1867 - 1905                Ruhasuka
1905 - 19..                Mutambukwa


(3) Buhindi

Rulers
.... - ....                Kiru
.... - ....                Kazweiguru
.... - ....                Mumuga
.... - ....                Mutahabuza


(4) Bukome

1907                       Incorporated into East Ussuwi.

Rulers
.... - ....                Runyoma
.... - ....                Kyamazobya
.... - ....                Rwangaza
.... - 1907                Rwoga


(5) Buzinja

.... - ....                Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda I.
1901                       Split into Buzinja (Bukura) and Nyamutureza.

Rulers
.... - ....                Nshashamye
                             [last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....                Katovaha
.... - ....                Kabambo I
.... - ....                Kabura I
.... - ....                Nyamurahya
.... - ....                Kyendanzigo
.... - ....                Kinwa
.... - ....                Kabambo II
.... - ....                Kabura II Mugereza
.... - ....                Kakaraza
.... - ....                Kyamani Muhayabbi
.... - 1810                Waizigire Kyamuleka
1810 - 185.                Ruhinda II Muhangakyare
185. - 1864                Kiseiza Karigita
1864 - 1895                Rwoma
1895 - 1905                Rutakwa Rutasahurwa
1905 - 1908                Mutahembwa
1908 - 1916                Rugingiza + Baridi
1916 - 1921                Mlekwa
1921 - 1926                Geranja Kazindogo
1926 - 19..                Alexander Karumo
19.. - 19..                Rudomia Busambiro


(5-1) Nyamutureza

1901                       Split from Buzinja.

Rulers
1901 - 1907                Murekwa
1907 - 19..                Gagogo


(6) Butundwe

Rulers
.... -  ....               Kacumeye
.... -  ....               Ruhimbura
1896? - 1907?              Mwanangwa


(7) Ihangiro

.... - ....                Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda I and
                             then into Kyamutwara until reign of Kikuba.

Rulers (title Omugabe)
.... - ....                Nkombya
                             [last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....                Kayango
.... - ....                Ntare I
.... - ....                Muramira
.... - ....                Buto
.... - ....                Mugunda
.... - ....                Nyarabamba I
.... - ....                Ruhinda III
.... - 1875                Ntare II
1875 - 1911                Rukanya Nyarabamba II
1911 - 19..                Ruhinda IV


(8) Kimwani

1865                       Split into Kimwani and Bwina.

Rulers
.... - 1865                Kyandika
1865 - 1899                Kadzuma
1899 - ....                Rwabunyengo


(8-1) Bwina

1865                       Split from Kimwani.

Rulers
1865 - ....                Ruhimbura
1907?                      Magala


(9) Kiyanja

Rulers (title Omugabe)
.... - ....                Kinyonyi
.... - 1890                Muganguze Rugamora III Ibare
1890 - 1916                Mpinzire Kahigi II
1916 - 1943                Alfred Kalemera III


(10) Kiziba

Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....                Bike
.... - ....                Kiziba Kizindo
.... - ....                Ntumwa
.... - ....                Kanyamaishwa
.... - ....                Kibi I Nyakiiru Kaganda
.... - ....                Ishamura-Njobe "elya Kiziba, elingome"
.... - ....                Ishamura-Nyakabinga "elya Bunyoro"
.... - ....                Wanumi
.... - ....                Bwanamba
.... - ....                Matwi
.... - ....                Magembe I (1st time)
.... - ....                Kashumba
.... - ....                Magembe I (2nd time)
.... - ....                Muzinga
.... - ....                Mwigara
.... - ....                Burungu I
.... - ....                Magembe II
.... - ....                Mboneko I
.... - ....                Nyarwangu
.... - ....                Mulimpuzi -Regent
.... - ....                Ruhangarazi I
.... - ....                Rutajwaha
.... - ....                Burungu II Kakinda
.... - ....                Kibi II Rutahirwa
.... - 1870                Ruhangarazi II
1870 - 1903                Mutatembwa
1898 - 1900                Rweshabura (in rebellion)
1903 - 1916                Mutahangarwa Karutasigwa
1916 - 1927                Edward George Mboneko II
1927 - 1937                William Mutakubwa
1937 -  9 Dec 1962?        Nestor Lutinwa


(11) Kyamutwara (I) (also called Bukwara)

.... - ....                Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda I.
1901 - 1916                Annexed by Kyamutwara (II).

Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....                Kashare Kanyango
.... - ....                Rusembo
                             [last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....                Bwogi I
.... - ....                Nyamigera
.... - ....                Kikuba
.... - ....                Kalemera I
.... - ....                Rukambyai Bwogi II
.... - ....                Mahe Rugamora I
.... - ....                Kasita Kahigi I
.... - ....                Nkwenge
.... - ....                Karumuna Rugamora II
.... - ....                Mpangukano Bwogi III
1860?                      Mwiru Kalemera II
18.. - 18..                Kairunga
18.. - 1894                Bwogi IV
1894 - 1901                Kishebuka
1916 - 19..                David Rugamora III


(12) Kyamutwara (II)

Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....                Kitekere
.... - 1888                Kaitaba
1888 - 1895                Mukotani
1895 - 1901                Bwahama
1901 - 1916                Muntu
1916 - 1939                Edward Lwaijumba


(13) Kome

Rulers
.... - ....                Rurinda
.... - 1886                Kigazu
1886 - 1902                Itegura
1902 - 19..                Murindimura



Bukerewe

Rulers
.... - ....                Kihira
.... - ....                Katobaha I
.... - ....                Kaseza
.... - ....                Katobaha II
.... - ....                Mihigo I
.... - ....                Kahana
.... - ....                Lutana Mumanya
.... - ....                Nago
.... - ....                Mihigo II
.... - ....                Katobaha III
.... - ....                Golita
.... - ....                Ruhinda
.... - ....                Ibanda Kaseza
.... - ....                Macunda
.... - 1895                Lukonge
1895 - 1907                Kahana Mukaka
1907 - 1938                Gabriel Kaseza Ruhumbika



Karagwe

....                       Karagwe founded by Ruhinda I; former name (under Basita
                             dynasty): Bunyambo.

Rulers (title Umugabe)
.... - ....                Malija
.... - ....                Nono
.... - ....                Ruhinda I rwa Nyunaki "Kizarabagabe"
.... - ....                Ntare I
.... - ....                Ruhinda II
.... - ....                Ntare II
.... - ....                Ruhinda III
.... - ....                Ntare III
.... - ....                Ruhinda IV
.... - ....                Ntare IV
.... - ....                Ruhinda V
.... - ....                Ntare V
.... - ....                Rusatira
.... - ....                Mehinga
.... - ....                Kalemera I Ntagara Bwiragenda
.... - ....                Ntare VI "Kiitabanyoro"
.... - 1820                Ruhinda VI Orushongo "Lwanyabugondo"
1820 - 1855                Ndagara I "Luzingamcucu lwa nkwanzi"
1855 - 1881                Rumanyika I Rugundu
1881 - 1882                Kalemera II Kanyenje
1882 - 1893                Ndagara II Nyamkuba
1893 - 1914                Ntare VII
1914 - 1916                Kahigi -Regent
1916 - 1937                Daudi Rumanyika II
1937 -  9 Dec 1962?        Ruhinda VII



Shambalai (in Kiswahili: Usambara)

Rulers (title Simbamwene)
.... - ....                Mbegha
.... - ....                Bughe
.... - ....                Maua
.... - 1815                Kinyangi Muanga Ike
1815 - 1862                Kimweri I ya Nyumbai
1862 - 1869                Shekulwavu
1869 - 1870                Kinyashi
1870                       Kimweri II Maguvu
1870 - 1890                Mputa I (1st time)
1890                       Semboja
1890 - 1895                Mputa I (2nd time)
1895 - 1903                Kinyashi (1st time)
1903 - 1926                Vacant
1926 - 1929                Kinyashi (2nd time)
1929                       Billa Kimweri
1929 - 1947                Magogo
1947 - 2000                Mputa II                             (d. 2000)
2000 -                     Daniel E. Magogo -Regent 



Ubena

Rulers (title Mwa Mtema)
.... - ....                Wakinimanga
.... - ....                Kibugura
.... - ....                Luatu
.... - ....                Mpingi
.... - ....                Nguano
.... - 1860                Ndaliwali
1860 - 1863                Mzawira
1863 - 1884                Mtengera I
1884 - 1905                Kiwanga I
1905 - 1917                Salimbingo
1917                       Mnyaubena Kiwanga II (1st time)
1917 - 1918                Vacant
1918 - 1919                Mtengera II
1919 - 1928                Mnyaubena Kiwanga II (2nd time)
1928 - 19..                Towegale Kiwanga III
                             (regent to 1932)



Ufipa

....                       Ufipa, also called Nkansi (original name Milansi),
                             founded by Twa dynasty.
c.1800                     Split into Nkansi (Ufipa) and Lyangalile.

Rulers
.... - ....                Ntatakwa
.... - ....                ....
.... - ....                Ntaseka
                             [last ruler of Milansi]
Rulers (title Mweene)
.... - ....                Msili
.... - ....                Ndaasi
1780?                      Ntinda I Mkolokombe
.... - ....                Suumba I Mwaana Nsia
.... - ....                Nandi I wa Kukutango
.... - ....                Ntinda II Kwasiganwa
.... - ....                Ncinga Cileengwi
.... - ....                Suumba II Kalonga "inkosi"
.... - 1860                Sangu Capitimpuunda
1860 - 1891                Nandi II Kapuufi
1891                       Suumba III
1891                       Ntinda III Kiteta
1891 - 1898                Nandi III Msuulwa + Mweene Korosi
1898 - ....                Ntinda IV Kapele
.... - ....                Kiatu
.... - ....                Ngalu



Lyangalile

c.1800                     Split from Ufipa.

Rulers (title Mweene)
1800?                      Sangu
1840?                      Nguwa Wapilinga (Mwaana Nyekenti)
18.. - 1879                Suumba Kasuumba (Pilula Fipa)
1879 - 1899                Yulamaasi
1899 - ....                Nti Kifata



Uhehe

 c.1898                    Several polities (the principal being Nguluhe)
                             merge into the newly founded sultanate of Uhehe.


Nguluhe

Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....                Muyinga I
.... - ....                Muyinga II
.... - ....                Kitowa
.... - ....                Mudegela                           (b. 1774 - d. 1848)
.... - ....                Kilonge                            (b. 1791 - d. 1859)
.... - 1860                Ngawonalupembe                     (b. 1812 - d. 1889)
1860 - 1879                Binini Munyingunda Muyinga         (b. 1815 - d. 1896)
1879 - 18..                Mhamile
18.. - 1883                Mukenga
1883 - 19 Jul 1898         Ntasatsi Mkavinyika (Mkwawa)       (b. 1855 - d. 1898)


Ilole

Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....                Kahwanagise
.... - ....                mwa Ngimba


Lungemba

Ruler (title Mtema)
.... - ....                Kindole


Udongwe

Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....                Mihwela
.... - ....                Myovela


Usangu

Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....                Muhavanga
.... - ....                Towelamahamba
.... - ....                Mugandilwa


Uhehe

Rulers (title Sultani)
Dec 1896 - 21 Feb 1897     Mpangile                           (b. 1857 - d. ....)
21 Feb 1897 - 1927         Vacant
1927 - 19..                Spia                               (b. 1879 - d. 19..)
1940 -  9 Dec 1962?        Adam Sapi Mkwawa                   (b. 1920 - d. 1999)



Unyamwezi

Note: In the Unyamwezi region, the principal polity was Unyanyembe; in 1871 a new polity (capital Tabora) was created, covering most of Unyamwezi, largely by traders.

Unyanyembe

Rulers (title Ntemi)
.... - ....                Mpepo?
.... - ....                Mputa?
.... - ....                Katwanga?
.... - ....                Kabundi
.... - ....                Nsonso Nsemamilundi
.... - ....                Mgalula
.... - ....                Manywa
.... - ....                Swetu I
.... - 1859                Saidi Fundikira I
1859 - 1860                Manywa Msabila Kimagulu
1860 - 1876                Kiyungi Mkasiwa
1876 - 11 Jan 1893         Isike "mwana Kiyungi"
1893 - 1899                Bibi Nyaso
1917 - 1929                Saidi Mgalula Fundikira II
19.. - 19..                Ipuli
1957 -  9 Dec 1962?        Abdallahi Saidi Fundikira III


"Unyamwezi"

Rulers
1871 - Dec 1884            Mirambo-ya-Banhu
Dec 1884 - 1888            Panda Caro
1888 - 1898                Katumagoto
1898 - ....                Kaswika



Ussuwi

East Ussuwi

Rulers
.... - ....                Ntare II Muhire
.... - ....                Rusimbya Rugaba
.... - ....                Isekanyere
1861?- 1873                Rweswarura Nyamuhanga
1873 - 1886                Mankorongo
1886 - 1928                Kasussura
1928 - 1952                Ntare III


West Ussuwi

Rulers
.... - ....                Magina I
.... - ....                Kinanaira I
.... - ....                Magina II
.... - ....                Kinanaira II
1850?                      Kibogora
.... - ....                Kafurebe Nsoro
.... - 1906                Kinanaira III


Buhimba

....                       Incorporated into East Ussuwi.

Rulers
.... - ....                Ruhagira
.... - ....                Rwakataki
                             [last before incorporation]



 
return to World Statesmen.org
back to Zanzibar >>


 

Zanzibar traditional polities


Note: This record refers to the coastal and insular polities that were incorporated into the Sultanate of Zanzibar; the coastal territories were incorporated into the Tanganyika Protectorate upon its establishment. 


Kilwa Kisiwani

957                        Sultanate of Kilwa Kisiwani founded.
1505 - 1512                Occupied by Portuguese
1597                       Conquered by Portugal.
1680                       Independence recovered.
1842                       Conquered by Zanzibar.

Governors
24 Jul 1505 - 1509         Pero Fereira Fogaça 
Mar 1505 - 1512            Francisco Pereira Pestana 
Sultans (also styled Maliki)
1777 - 17..                al-Hasan ibn Ibrahim
1797?                      Abu Bakr ibn al-Hasan
1813?                      Yusuf ibn al-Hasan
1819?                      Muhammad ibn al-Hasan
1819?                      Sulayman ibn al-Hasan
1822? - 1842               al-Hasan



Hadimu

c.1650                     Hadimu Island state established.
1771                       Conquered by Muscat and Oman, retaining its rulers under
                             Omani and later Zanzibari sovereignty.
1873                       Rulership extinct.

Rulers (title Mfalume, also styled Jumbe)
1771 - ....                Mwinyi Ahmad ibn Sultan al-`Alawi
.... - 1845                Mwinyi al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-`Alawi
1845 - 1865                Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-`Alawi
                             (regent, styled Mwinyi Mkuu)
1865 - 1873                Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-`Alawi
                             (regent, styled Mwinyi Mkuu)



Tumbatu

18..                       Tumbatu Island state established.
1856                       Conquered by Zanzibar.

Rulers (title Sheha [i.e., Sheikh])
18..?                      Mwana wa Mwana (f)
18.. - 18..                `Ali ibn al-Hasan
18.. - 18..                Fatima bint `Ali (f)
18.. - 18..                ... ibn `Ali
18.. - 18..                Kombo ibn `Ali
18.. - 18..                Vuai ibn Mukaddam
18.. - 18..                Ngwale ibn Kombo
18.. - 18..                Mwana Khadija bint Ngwale (f)
18.. - 1856                `Ali ibn Ngwale



Pemba

[Pemba revolutionary flag 1964]
               18 Jan - Jan 1964

bf.1550                    Pemba Island state established.
1606                       Conquered by Malindi.
.... - 1698                Conquered by Portugal.
1698                       Conquered by Muscat and Oman.
c.1750                     Rulers (diwani) established under Omani,
                             then from 1822 Zanzibari, sovereignty.
c.1865                     Rulership extinct.
18 Jan 1964 - Jan 1964     So-called "Pemba People's Republic" proclaimed.

Rulers (title Diwani)
.... - ....                Makame ibn Abi Bakr ibn Salim
.... - ....                Ngwacani
.... - ....                Athmani
.... - ....                Ibrahim
.... - 186.                Kihanuni
Leader
18 Jan 1964 - Jan 1964     John Okello                 (b. 1937)





  ©2000  Ben Cahoon