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Tanganyika Traditional Polities
Note: This is a selection from the very large collection of traditional polities in Tanganyika. All these polities that survived to Tanganyika independence were abolished, or
at least derecognized, when Tanganyika became a republic on 9 Dec 1962. This end date is not repeated for each of the listed entries.
Buddu (also known as Kivumbiro)
Rulers
.... - ....
Kakoko
.... - ....
Araki
.... - ....
Mtutura
.... - ....
Wonye
.... - ....
Rukika I
.... - ....
Kagoro
.... - ....
Nyamtura
.... - ....
Camkuma
.... - ....
Rukika II
Buhaya
.... - 1860 Incorporated into Karagwe and then into Kyamutwara.
Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....
Bunyonya
.... - ....
Kiteite
[last before incorporation into Karagwe]
1860 - 1895
Kahiyoza
1895 - 1899
Rutahigwa
1899 - 1910
Rwakyendera
1910 - 1927
Rugacwa
1927 - 1937
Gabriel Rutalemwa
(2) Bugando
Rulers
.... - ....
Rweyasiza
.... - 1867
Bucenera
1867 - 1905
Ruhasuka
1905 - 19..
Mutambukwa
(3) Buhindi
Rulers
.... - ....
Kiru
.... - ....
Kazweiguru
.... - ....
Mumuga
.... - ....
Mutahabuza
(4) Bukome
1907 Incorporated into East Ussuwi.
Rulers
.... - ....
Runyoma
.... - ....
Kyamazobya
.... - ....
Rwangaza
.... - 1907
Rwoga
(5) Buzinja
.... - ....
Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda
I.
1901
Split into Buzinja (Bukura) and Nyamutureza.
Rulers
.... - ....
Nshashamye
[last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....
Katovaha
.... - ....
Kabambo I
.... - ....
Kabura I
.... - ....
Nyamurahya
.... - ....
Kyendanzigo
.... - ....
Kinwa
.... - ....
Kabambo II
.... - ....
Kabura II Mugereza
.... - ....
Kakaraza
.... - ....
Kyamani Muhayabbi
.... - 1810
Waizigire Kyamuleka
1810 - 185.
Ruhinda II Muhangakyare
185. - 1864
Kiseiza Karigita
1864 - 1895
Rwoma
1895 - 1905
Rutakwa Rutasahurwa
1905 - 1908
Mutahembwa
1908 - 1916
Rugingiza + Baridi
1916 - 1921
Mlekwa
1921 - 1926
Geranja Kazindogo
1926 - 19..
Alexander Karumo
19.. - 19..
Rudomia Busambiro
(5-1) Nyamutureza
1901 Split from Buzinja.
Rulers
1901 - 1907
Murekwa
1907 - 19..
Gagogo
(6) Butundwe
Rulers
.... - ....
Kacumeye
.... - ....
Ruhimbura
1896? - 1907?
Mwanangwa
(7) Ihangiro
.... - ....
Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda
I and
then into Kyamutwara until reign of Kikuba.
Rulers (title Omugabe)
.... - ....
Nkombya
[last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....
Kayango
.... - ....
Ntare I
.... - ....
Muramira
.... - ....
Buto
.... - ....
Mugunda
.... - ....
Nyarabamba I
.... - ....
Ruhinda III
.... - 1875
Ntare II
1875 - 1911
Rukanya Nyarabamba II
1911 - 19..
Ruhinda IV
(8) Kimwani
1865 Split into Kimwani and Bwina.
Rulers
.... - 1865
Kyandika
1865 - 1899
Kadzuma
1899 - ....
Rwabunyengo
(8-1) Bwina
1865 Split from Kimwani.
Rulers
1865 - ....
Ruhimbura
1907?
Magala
(9) Kiyanja
Rulers (title Omugabe)
.... - ....
Kinyonyi
.... - 1890
Muganguze Rugamora III Ibare
1890 - 1916
Mpinzire Kahigi II
1916 - 1943
Alfred Kalemera III
(10) Kiziba
Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....
Bike
.... - ....
Kiziba Kizindo
.... - ....
Ntumwa
.... - ....
Kanyamaishwa
.... - ....
Kibi I Nyakiiru Kaganda
.... - ....
Ishamura-Njobe "elya Kiziba, elingome"
.... - ....
Ishamura-Nyakabinga "elya Bunyoro"
.... - ....
Wanumi
.... - ....
Bwanamba
.... - ....
Matwi
.... - ....
Magembe I (1st time)
.... - ....
Kashumba
.... - ....
Magembe I (2nd time)
.... - ....
Muzinga
.... - ....
Mwigara
.... - ....
Burungu I
.... - ....
Magembe II
.... - ....
Mboneko I
.... - ....
Nyarwangu
.... - ....
Mulimpuzi -Regent
.... - ....
Ruhangarazi I
.... - ....
Rutajwaha
.... - ....
Burungu II Kakinda
.... - ....
Kibi II Rutahirwa
.... - 1870
Ruhangarazi II
1870 - 1903
Mutatembwa
1898 - 1900
Rweshabura (in rebellion)
1903 - 1916
Mutahangarwa Karutasigwa
1916 - 1927
Edward George Mboneko II
1927 - 1937
William Mutakubwa
1937 - 9 Dec 1962?
Nestor Lutinwa
(11) Kyamutwara (I) (also called Bukwara)
.... - ....
Incorporated into Karagwe during reign of Ruhinda
I.
1901 - 1916
Annexed by Kyamutwara (II).
Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....
Kashare Kanyango
.... - ....
Rusembo
[last before incorporation into Karagwe]
.... - ....
Bwogi I
.... - ....
Nyamigera
.... - ....
Kikuba
.... - ....
Kalemera I
.... - ....
Rukambyai Bwogi II
.... - ....
Mahe Rugamora I
.... - ....
Kasita Kahigi I
.... - ....
Nkwenge
.... - ....
Karumuna Rugamora II
.... - ....
Mpangukano Bwogi III
1860?
Mwiru Kalemera II
18.. - 18..
Kairunga
18.. - 1894
Bwogi IV
1894 - 1901
Kishebuka
1916 - 19..
David Rugamora III
(12) Kyamutwara (II)
Rulers (title Omukama)
.... - ....
Kitekere
.... - 1888
Kaitaba
1888 - 1895
Mukotani
1895 - 1901
Bwahama
1901 - 1916
Muntu
1916 - 1939
Edward Lwaijumba
(13) Kome
Rulers
.... - ....
Rurinda
.... - 1886
Kigazu
1886 - 1902
Itegura
1902 - 19..
Murindimura
Bukerewe
Rulers
.... - ....
Kihira
.... - ....
Katobaha I
.... - ....
Kaseza
.... - ....
Katobaha II
.... - ....
Mihigo I
.... - ....
Kahana
.... - ....
Lutana Mumanya
.... - ....
Nago
.... - ....
Mihigo II
.... - ....
Katobaha III
.... - ....
Golita
.... - ....
Ruhinda
.... - ....
Ibanda Kaseza
.... - ....
Macunda
.... - 1895
Lukonge
1895 - 1907
Kahana Mukaka
1907 - 1938
Gabriel Kaseza Ruhumbika
Karagwe
....
Karagwe founded by Ruhinda I; former name (under Basita
dynasty): Bunyambo.
Rulers (title Umugabe)
.... - ....
Malija
.... - ....
Nono
.... - ....
Ruhinda I rwa Nyunaki "Kizarabagabe"
.... - ....
Ntare I
.... - ....
Ruhinda II
.... - ....
Ntare II
.... - ....
Ruhinda III
.... - ....
Ntare III
.... - ....
Ruhinda IV
.... - ....
Ntare IV
.... - ....
Ruhinda V
.... - ....
Ntare V
.... - ....
Rusatira
.... - ....
Mehinga
.... - ....
Kalemera I Ntagara Bwiragenda
.... - ....
Ntare VI "Kiitabanyoro"
.... - 1820
Ruhinda VI Orushongo "Lwanyabugondo"
1820 - 1855
Ndagara I "Luzingamcucu lwa nkwanzi"
1855 - 1881
Rumanyika I Rugundu
1881 - 1882
Kalemera II Kanyenje
1882 - 1893
Ndagara II Nyamkuba
1893 - 1914
Ntare VII
1914 - 1916
Kahigi -Regent
1916 - 1937
Daudi Rumanyika II
1937 - 9 Dec 1962?
Ruhinda VII
Shambalai (in Kiswahili: Usambara)
Rulers (title Simbamwene)
.... - ....
Mbegha
.... - ....
Bughe
.... - ....
Maua
.... - 1815
Kinyangi Muanga Ike
1815 - 1862
Kimweri I ya Nyumbai
1862 - 1869
Shekulwavu
1869 - 1870
Kinyashi
1870
Kimweri II Maguvu
1870 - 1890
Mputa I (1st time)
1890
Semboja
1890 - 1895
Mputa I (2nd time)
1895 - 1903
Kinyashi (1st time)
1903 - 1926
Vacant
1926 - 1929
Kinyashi (2nd time)
1929
Billa Kimweri
1929 - 1947
Magogo
1947 - 2000
Mputa II
(d. 2000)
2000 -
Daniel E. Magogo -Regent
Ubena
Rulers (title Mwa Mtema)
.... - ....
Wakinimanga
.... - ....
Kibugura
.... - ....
Luatu
.... - ....
Mpingi
.... - ....
Nguano
.... - 1860
Ndaliwali
1860 - 1863
Mzawira
1863 - 1884
Mtengera I
1884 - 1905
Kiwanga I
1905 - 1917
Salimbingo
1917
Mnyaubena Kiwanga II (1st time)
1917 - 1918
Vacant
1918 - 1919
Mtengera II
1919 - 1928
Mnyaubena Kiwanga II (2nd time)
1928 - 19..
Towegale Kiwanga III
(regent to 1932)
Ufipa
....
Ufipa, also called Nkansi (original name Milansi),
founded by Twa dynasty.
c.1800
Split into Nkansi (Ufipa) and Lyangalile.
Rulers
.... - ....
Ntatakwa
.... - ....
....
.... - ....
Ntaseka
[last ruler of Milansi]
Rulers (title Mweene)
.... - ....
Msili
.... - ....
Ndaasi
1780?
Ntinda I Mkolokombe
.... - ....
Suumba I Mwaana Nsia
.... - ....
Nandi I wa Kukutango
.... - ....
Ntinda II Kwasiganwa
.... - ....
Ncinga Cileengwi
.... - ....
Suumba II Kalonga "inkosi"
.... - 1860
Sangu Capitimpuunda
1860 - 1891
Nandi II Kapuufi
1891
Suumba III
1891
Ntinda III Kiteta
1891 - 1898
Nandi III Msuulwa + Mweene Korosi
1898 - ....
Ntinda IV Kapele
.... - ....
Kiatu
.... - ....
Ngalu
Lyangalile
c.1800 Split from Ufipa.
Rulers (title Mweene)
1800?
Sangu
1840?
Nguwa Wapilinga (Mwaana Nyekenti)
18.. - 1879
Suumba Kasuumba (Pilula Fipa)
1879 - 1899
Yulamaasi
1899 - ....
Nti Kifata
Uhehe
c.1898
Several polities (the principal being Nguluhe)
merge into the newly founded sultanate of Uhehe.
Nguluhe
Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....
Muyinga I
.... - ....
Muyinga II
.... - ....
Kitowa
.... - ....
Mudegela
(b. 1774 - d. 1848)
.... - ....
Kilonge
(b. 1791 - d. 1859)
.... - 1860
Ngawonalupembe
(b. 1812 - d. 1889)
1860 - 1879
Binini Munyingunda Muyinga
(b. 1815 - d. 1896)
1879 - 18..
Mhamile
18.. - 1883
Mukenga
1883 - 19 Jul 1898
Ntasatsi Mkavinyika (Mkwawa) (b. 1855
- d. 1898)
Ilole
Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....
Kahwanagise
.... - ....
mwa Ngimba
Lungemba
Ruler (title Mtema)
.... - ....
Kindole
Udongwe
Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....
Mihwela
.... - ....
Myovela
Usangu
Rulers (title Mtema)
.... - ....
Muhavanga
.... - ....
Towelamahamba
.... - ....
Mugandilwa
Uhehe
Rulers (title Sultani)
Dec 1896 - 21 Feb 1897 Mpangile
(b. 1857 - d. ....)
21 Feb 1897 - 1927
Vacant
1927 - 19..
Spia
(b. 1879 - d. 19..)
1940 - 9 Dec 1962?
Adam Sapi Mkwawa
(b. 1920 - d. 1999)
Unyamwezi
Note: In the Unyamwezi region, the principal polity was Unyanyembe; in 1871 a new polity (capital Tabora) was created, covering most of Unyamwezi, largely by traders.
Rulers (title Ntemi)
.... - ....
Mpepo?
.... - ....
Mputa?
.... - ....
Katwanga?
.... - ....
Kabundi
.... - ....
Nsonso Nsemamilundi
.... - ....
Mgalula
.... - ....
Manywa
.... - ....
Swetu I
.... - 1859
Saidi Fundikira I
1859 - 1860
Manywa Msabila Kimagulu
1860 - 1876
Kiyungi Mkasiwa
1876 - 11 Jan 1893
Isike "mwana Kiyungi"
1893 - 1899
Bibi Nyaso
1917 - 1929
Saidi Mgalula Fundikira II
19.. - 19..
Ipuli
1957 - 9 Dec 1962?
Abdallahi Saidi Fundikira III
"Unyamwezi"
Rulers
1871 - Dec 1884
Mirambo-ya-Banhu
Dec 1884 - 1888
Panda Caro
1888 - 1898
Katumagoto
1898 - ....
Kaswika
Ussuwi
East Ussuwi
Rulers
.... - ....
Ntare II Muhire
.... - ....
Rusimbya Rugaba
.... - ....
Isekanyere
1861?- 1873
Rweswarura Nyamuhanga
1873 - 1886
Mankorongo
1886 - 1928
Kasussura
1928 - 1952
Ntare III
West Ussuwi
Rulers
.... - ....
Magina I
.... - ....
Kinanaira I
.... - ....
Magina II
.... - ....
Kinanaira II
1850?
Kibogora
.... - ....
Kafurebe Nsoro
.... - 1906
Kinanaira III
Buhimba
.... Incorporated into East Ussuwi.
Rulers
.... - ....
Ruhagira
.... - ....
Rwakataki
[last before incorporation]
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Note: This record refers to the coastal and insular polities that were incorporated into the Sultanate of Zanzibar; the coastal territories were incorporated into the Tanganyika Protectorate upon its establishment.
Kilwa Kisiwani
957
Sultanate of Kilwa Kisiwani founded.
1505 - 1512
Occupied by Portuguese
1597
Conquered by Portugal.
1680
Independence recovered.
1842
Conquered by Zanzibar.
Governors
24 Jul 1505 - 1509
Pero Fereira Fogaça
Mar 1505 - 1512
Francisco Pereira Pestana
Sultans (also styled Maliki)
1777 - 17..
al-Hasan ibn Ibrahim
1797?
Abu Bakr ibn al-Hasan
1813?
Yusuf ibn al-Hasan
1819?
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan
1819?
Sulayman ibn al-Hasan
1822? - 1842
al-Hasan
Hadimu
c.1650
Hadimu Island state established.
1771
Conquered by Muscat and Oman, retaining its rulers under
Omani and later Zanzibari sovereignty.
1873
Rulership extinct.
Rulers (title Mfalume, also styled Jumbe)
1771 - ....
Mwinyi Ahmad ibn Sultan al-`Alawi
.... - 1845
Mwinyi al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-`Alawi
1845 - 1865
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-`Alawi
(regent, styled Mwinyi Mkuu)
1865 - 1873
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-`Alawi
(regent, styled Mwinyi Mkuu)
Tumbatu
18..
Tumbatu Island state established.
1856
Conquered by Zanzibar.
Rulers (title Sheha [i.e., Sheikh])
18..?
Mwana wa Mwana (f)
18.. - 18..
`Ali ibn al-Hasan
18.. - 18..
Fatima bint `Ali (f)
18.. - 18..
... ibn `Ali
18.. - 18..
Kombo ibn `Ali
18.. - 18..
Vuai ibn Mukaddam
18.. - 18..
Ngwale ibn Kombo
18.. - 18..
Mwana Khadija bint Ngwale (f)
18.. - 1856
`Ali ibn Ngwale
Pemba
![[Pemba revolutionary flag 1964]](tz_pempa-pr.gif)
18 Jan - Jan 1964
bf.1550
Pemba Island state established.
1606
Conquered by Malindi.
.... - 1698
Conquered by Portugal.
1698
Conquered by Muscat and Oman.
c.1750
Rulers (diwani) established under Omani,
then from 1822 Zanzibari, sovereignty.
c.1865
Rulership extinct.
18 Jan 1964 - Jan 1964 So-called "Pemba
People's Republic" proclaimed.
Rulers (title Diwani)
.... - ....
Makame ibn Abi Bakr ibn Salim
.... - ....
Ngwacani
.... - ....
Athmani
.... - ....
Ibrahim
.... - 186.
Kihanuni
Leader
18 Jan 1964 - Jan 1964 John Okello
(b. 1937)
©2000 Ben Cahoon