Vanuatu
 

1887 - 20 Oct 1906 Anglo-French Administration             20 Oct 1906 - 1953  British Administration            1953 - 18 Feb 1980  British Administration    20 Oct 1906 - 18 Feb 1980 French Administration                       Adopted 18 Feb 1980   Map of Vanuatu Hear National Anthem "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"  (We, We, We) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1980 Constitution (30 Jul 1980) Capital: Port-Vila  Currency: Vatu (VUV) National Holiday: 30 Jul (1980)  Independence Day Population: 211,971 (2007) GDP: $276.3 million (2003) Exports: $34.1 million (2004) Imports: $117 million (2004) Ethnic groups: Ni-Vanuatu (indigenous Melanesian) 98.5%,  French and European 1%, Vietnamese, Chinese and other 0.7%,  other Pacific Islanders 0.4% (1999) Total Paramilitary Forces: 680 (2001) Merchant marine: 51 ships (2006) Religions: Christian 89.3% (of which Presbyterian 31.4%,  Anglican 13.4%, Roman Catholic 13.1%, Seventh-Day  Adventist 10.8%,other Christian 13.8), indigenous  beliefs (including Jon Frum cargo cult) other 9.6%,  none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999)  International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, ADB, APM, BTWC, C, CTBT, CWC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIF, OPCW, PC, PIF, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer) Vanuatu Index Chronology 30 Apr 1606                Discovered by Spanish Capt. Pedro Fernández de                              Quirós, named Terra Austrialis del Espiritu                              Santo. 23 May 1768                Sighted by Louis-Antoine de Bougainville,                              and named Archipel de Grandes Cyclades. 17 Jul 1774                Visited by British Capt. James Cook, named                              New Hebrides. 1824 - Feb 1878            British protectorate declared (contested                              by France). Feb 1878                   Neutral territory, British settlers under                               jurisdiction of the governor of Fiji 16 Nov 1887                Rule by joint Anglo-French naval commission. 1900                       French settlers under the jurisdiction of the                               governor of New Caledonia. 20 Oct 1906                Anglo-French condominium                              (New Hebrides/Nouvelles-Hébrides) 1906 - 1976                Part of the British Western Pacific Territories. 22 Jul 1940 - 1945         French administration loyal to Free French. 24 Mar 1974 - 29 Jun 1974  Independence of Tanna Nation proclaimed                               on Tanna Island. 27 Dec 1975 - 1977         Northern islands (Aoba, Maewo, Banks, Torres and                              Espiritu Santo) proclaim independence as the                              Federation Na-Griamel (not recognized).  1 Jan 1980 - 26 May 1980  Tafea Nation proclaimed on Tanna (not recognized). 28 May 1980 - 1980         Attempted secession of Federation Na-Griamel                              (not recognized).  1 Jun 1980 - 21 Aug 1980  Attempted secession by Espiritu Santo (Vemerana). 30 Jul 1980                Independence (Republic of Vanuatu). Vemerana (1980) Tanna (1973-74, 1980)

British Resident Commissioners (subordinated to the high commissioners 
for the Western Pacific [at Fiji to 1952, then at the Solomon Islands])
16 Nov 1887 - 1902         British naval commission
1902 - 1907                Ernest Goldfinch Rason             (b. bf.1855 - d. af.1913)
Dec 1907 - 1924            Merton King                        (b. 18.. - d. 1939)
1924 - 17 Aug 1927         Geoffrey Bingham Whistler
                             Smith-Rewse                      (b. 1878? - d. 1927)
1927 - 1940                George Andrew Joy                  (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
1940 - 1950                Richard Denis Blandy               (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
1950 - 1955                Hubert James Marlowe Flaxman
                             (from 1954, Sir Hubert James Marlowe Flaxman)
1955 - 1962                John Shaw Rennie                   (b. 1917 - d. 1981)
1962 - 1966                Alexander Mair Wilkie              (b. 1917 - d. 1966)
1966 - 1973                Colin Hamilton Allan               (b. 1921 - d. 1993)
1973 - 1975                Roger William Houssemayne du       (b. 1922)
                             Boulay
1975 - Oct 1978            John Stuart Champion               (b. 1921 - d. 1994)
Nov 1978 - 1980            Andrew Christopher Stuart          (b. 1928)
British High Commissioners (in London)
Dec 1973 - 1976            Edward Noel Larmour                (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
1976 - 1977                Henry Sydney Herbert Stanley       (b. 1920 - d. 1995)
1977 - 1980                ....
French Resident Commissioners (subordinated to the high commissioners in the
Pacific Ocean [from 22 Mar 1907 the governors of New Caledonia])
16 Nov 1887 - 1901         French naval commission
1901 - 1904                Gaudence Charles Faraut
1904 - 1908                Charles Bord
1908 - 1909                Charles Henri Adrien Noufflard
1909 - 1911                Jules Martin                       (b. 1855 - d. 19..)
1911 - 1913                Jules Vincent Repiquet             (b. 1874 - d. 1960)
1913 - 1916                Jacques Louis Miramende (1st time)
1916 - 1918                Edmond Lippmann                    (b. 1845 - d. 19..)
1918 - 1919                Lucien Huques Arthur Nielly
1919 - 1920                Alfred Solari
1920 - 1921                Jacques Louis Miramende (2nd time)
1921 - 1923                Henri Joseph Marie d'Arboussier
                             (1st time)
1923 - 1925                Auguste Adolphe Joseph Marie
                             Raoul de la Vaissière
1925 - 1929                Henri Joseph Marie d'Arboussier
                             (2nd time)
1929 - 1930                Gabriel Henri Joseph Thaly
1930 - 1931                Maurice Georges Tronet
1931 - 1933                Antoine Louis Carlotti
1933 - 1935                Henri Camille Sautot (1st time)    (b. 1885 - d. 1963)
1935 - 1937                Fernand Gaston Georges Émile       (b. 1896 - d. 19..)
                             Robert Casimir
1937 - 1940                Henri Camille Sautot (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1940 - 1947                Robert Charles Henri Kuter
1947 - 1949                André Ménard
1949 - 1958                Pierre Amédée Joseph Émile Jean    (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
                             Anthonioz 
1958 - 1960                Benjamin Marcel Favreau            (b. 1915 - d. 1994)
1960 - 1965                Maurice Charles Jules Delauney     (b. 1919)
1965 - 1969                Jacques Mouradian                  (b. 1910 - d. 1992)
1969 - 1974                Robert Jules Amédée Langlois       (b. 1922)
1974 - 1978                Robert Gauger
1978                       Bernard Pottier                    (b. 1942)
1978 - 1980                Jean-Jacques Robert
Presidents
30 Jul 1980 - 17 Feb 1984  Ati George Sokomanu (1st time)     (b. 1937)            VP
17 Feb 1984 -  8 Mar 1984  Frederick Karlomuana Timakata      (b. 1937 - d. 1995)  VP
                             (1st time)(acting) 
 8 Mar 1984 - 12 Jan 1989  Ati George Sokomanu (2nd time)     (s.a.)               VP
12 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan 1989  Onneyn Tahi (acting)               (d. 199.)            VP
30 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan 1994  Frederick Karlomuana Timakata      (s.a.)               VP
                             (2nd time) 
30 Jan 1994 -  2 Mar 1994  Alfred Maseng Nalo (1st time)      (b. 19.. - d. 2004)  UPM
                             (acting)
 2 Mar 1994 -  2 Mar 1999  Jean-Marie Léyé Lenalcau           (b. 1932)            UPM
                             Manatawai 
 2 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar 1999  Edward Nipake Natapei Tua          (b. 1954)            VP
                             Fanua`ariki (acting)
24 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar 2004  John Bennett Bani                  (b. 1941)            UPM
24 Mar 2004 - 12 Apr 2004  Roger Tom Abiut (1st time)(acting) (b. 1972?)           LP
12 Apr 2004 - 11 May 2004  Alfred Maseng Nalo (2nd time)      (s.a.)               UPM
11 May 2004 - 29 Jul 2004  Roger Tom Abiut (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)               LP
29 Jul 2004 - 16 Aug 2004  Josias Moli (acting)                                    UPM
16 Aug 2004 -              Kalkot Mataskelekele               (b. 1949)            NUP

Chief ministers
29 Nov 1977 - 22 Dec 1978  George Kaltoi Kalsakau             (b. 1930 - d. 2001)  NUP
22 Dec 1978 - 29 Nov 1979  Gérard Leymang                     (b. 1937 - d. 2002)  TU
29 Nov 1979 - 30 Jul 1980  Walter Hadye Lini                  (b. 1942 - d. 1999)  VP
Prime ministers
30 Jul 1980 -  6 Sep 1991  Walter Hadye Lini                  (s.a.)               VP
18 Dec 1988 - 19 Dec 1988  Barak Tame Sopé Maautamata         (b. 1951)            MPP
                             (in opposition)
 6 Sep 1991 - 16 Dec 1991  Donald Kalpokas Masikevanua        (b. 1943)            VP
                             (1st time) 
16 Dec 1991 - 21 Dec 1995  Maxime Carlot Korman (1st time)    (b. 1942)            UPM
21 Dec 1995 - 23 Feb 1996  Serge Rialuth Vohor (1st time)     (b. 1955)            UPM
23 Feb 1996 - 30 Sep 1996  Maxime Carlot Korman (2nd time)    (s.a.)               UPM
30 Sep 1996 - 30 Mar 1998  Serge Rialuth Vohor (2nd time)     (s.a.)               UPM
30 Mar 1998 - 25 Nov 1999  Donald Kalpokas Masikevanua        (s.a.)               VP
                             (2nd time)
25 Nov 1999 - 13 Apr 2001  Barak Tame Sopé Maautamata         (s.a.)               MPP
13 Apr 2001 - 29 Jul 2004  Edward Nipake Natapei Tua          (s.a.)               VP
                             Fanua`ariki 
29 Jul 2004 - 11 Dec 2004  Serge Rialuth Vohor (2nd time)     (s.a.)               UPM
11 Dec 2004 -              Ham Lini Vanuaroroa                (b. 1951)            NUP
 
 

27 Dec 1975 - 1977,         28 May 1980 - 1980       Federation Na-Griamel

1980 N'Makiaute separatists

Territorial Dispute: Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu
and France.

Party abbreviations: LP = Labour Party; MPP = Melanesian Progressive Party (Anglophone);
NUP = National United Party (social-democratic, Anglophone); TU = Tan Union; UPM = Union des Partis Moderés (Union of Moderate Parties, conservative, Francophone); VP = Vanua'aku Pati (Vanuatu Party/Party of Our Land, socialist, Anglophone, until 1974 New Hebrides National Party)

 

Map of Vemerana

Capital: Luganville (Santo Town)

Population: N/A

 1 Jun 1980                Espiritu Santo Island declares independence 
                             as State of Vemerana (not recognized).
24 Jul 1980                Condominium authorities occupy the capital Louganville.
21 Aug 1980                State suppressed.

Prime minister
 1 Jun 1980 - 21 Aug 1980  Jimmy (Tubou Patuntun) Stevens     (b. 1927 - d. 1994)  NHAM

Party abbreviation: NHAM = New Hebrides Autonomy Movement (anglophone, secessionist)

24 Mar 1974                Independence of Tanna Nation proclaimed on Tanna Island 
                             at Imafin (not recognized).
18 Jun 1974                French forces occupy the island.
29 Jun 1974                Suppressed by Condominium authorities.
 1 Jan 1980                Independence proclaimed by the Kapiel Alliance, a pagan party
                             based in the center of the island (Tafea Nation)
                            (Tanna, Anatom, Futuna, Erromango and Aniwa islands).
26 May 1980                British forces take capital Lamlu, ending the rebellion.

King
1973 - 29 Jun 1974         Antoine Fournalli
Leader
 1 Jan 1980 - 26 May 1980  ....