Angola
-
- to 11 Nov 1975
|
-
- 1967 (proposed colonial
flag)
|
-
- Adopted 11 Nov 1975
|
Map
of Angola
|
Hear
National Anthem
"Angola Avante"
(Forward Angola)
|
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 11 Nov 1975
|
Constitution
(5 Feb 2010; in Portuguese)
------------------------------
Interim
Constitution
(11 Nov 1975 - 5 Feb 2010)
|
Capital:
Luanda
(1912-1927 Humbo;
1927-1975 Nova Lisboa;
1576-1912 Loanda)
|
Currency:
Kwanza (AOA);
Angolan Escudo (AOS) 1911-77
|
National
Holiday: 11 Nov (1975)
Dia da Independência
(Independence Day)
|
Population:
30,355,880 (2018) |
GDP: $193.6
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$33.07 billion (2017)
Imports: $19.5
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
Ovimbundu 25.2%, Kimbundu 23.1%,
Bakongo 12.6%,
Lwenea (Luvale) 8.2%, Chokwe 5%,
Kwanyam 4.1%, Nyaneka 3.9%, Luchazi 2.3%, Ambo (Ovambo)
2%,
Mbwela 1.7%, Nyemba 1.7%, European 1%, other 9.2%
(2000)
|
Total Armed
Forces: 107,000 (2018)
Merchant marine:
55 ships (2017)
|
Religions:
Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant
38.1%,
other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA, AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, CEEAC, CCM
(signatory), CPLP, CTBT, CWC, EITI,
ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt
(signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA,
ISA, ISO
(correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LU,
MIGA, NAM, NPT, OAS (observer), OPCW,
OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Angola
Index
|
Chronology
- 1482
Discovered by Portuguese under Diogo
Cão.
- 1
Feb
1575
Portuguese colony (Angola donataría).
- Jan
1576
Luanda founded as São Paulo da
Assunção de Loanda
-
by Portuguese explorer
Paulo Dias de Novais.
- 15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec
1640 Angola along with
Portugal a Spanish possession.
- 1589
Crown colony (Portuguese West Africa
[África
-
Ocidental
Portuguesa]).
- 26 Aug 1641-21/24
Aug 1648 Dutch occupation of coastal
areas forcing
-
the Portuguese into the interior
(Dutch
-
West Africa)(in Luanda [Fort
Aardenburgh]
-
26 Aug 1641 - 21/24 Aug 1648;
Benguela Sep 1641
-
- 1648; Ensandeira Island
1645/46-1648).
- 1822
Angola and Benguela, and their
dependencies, Cabinda
-
and Molembo (Angola
e Benguela, e suas
-
dependências,
Cabinda e Molembo).
- Mar
1836
Province of Angola (Província
de Angola).
- 14 Feb
1885
Portuguese possession confirmed by
the Berlin
-
Conference.
- 1891 -
1893
State of West Africa (Estado da
África Ocidental).
- 15 Aug
1914
Portuguese West Africa colony (Colonia
da África
Ocidental Portuguesa).
- 31 Oct
1914 - 7 Jul 1915
German South West Africa
forces under Victor Franke
invade Southern Portuguese Angola.
- 1926
Colony of Angola (Colónia de
Angola).
- 11 Jun
1951
Angola overseas province of Portugal
(Província de
-
Angola).
- 4
Feb 1961 – 25 Apr 1974 Angolan
war of independence.
- 5 Apr
1962
Angolan Revolutionary Government in
Exile (GRAE)
-
(Govêrno revolucionário de Angola
no exílio), from
-
3 Dec 1972, Supreme
Council for the Liberation
-
of Angola [Conselho Supremo da
Libertação de
-
Angola]) established in
Congo (Kinshasa).
- 1
Jan 1973
State of Angola (Estado de Angola).
- 11 Nov
1975
People's Republic of Angola (República
Popular de
-
Angola),
independence from Portugal.
- 27 Aug
1992
Republic of Angola (República de
Angola).
|
Traditional
States
|
Counter
Government
(1975-1976,
1979-2002) |
Cabinda
|
Map
of
Angolan
Tribes
(1970)
|
|
|
|
Chairman of the Central
Committee of the People's
Liberation Movement of Angola
(from Dec 1977, People's Movement for the Liberation
of Angola-Party of Labor)
Dec 1962 - 10 Sep 1979
António Agostinho
Neto
(b. 1922 - d. 1979)
(in exile to 4 Feb 1975 [in Léopoldville
to Nov 1963, then] in Brazzaville])
President of the Central Committee of the People's
Liberation Movement of Angola-Party of Labor
20 Sep 1979 - 8 Sep 2018 José
Eduardo dos
Santos
(b. 1942 - d. 2022)
(acting to 21 Sep 1979)
("leading role" of the party abolished 26 Mar 1991)
Captain-governor Donatário
1 Feb 1575 – 9 May 1589 Paulo Dias de
Novais
(b. c.1510 - d. 1589)
Captain-major
1589 - 1591
Luís Serrão
Governors
1591 - Jun
1592
André Ferreira Pereira
24 Jun 1592 – 8 Apr 1593 Francisco de
Almeida
(b. c.1550 – d. af.1613)
1593 – Aug 1594
Jerônimo de Almeida
1 Aug 1594 -
1602
João Furtado de Mendonça
1602 -
1603
João Rodrigues Coutinho
(d. 1603)
1603 -
1606
Manuel Cerveira Pereira (1st time) (d. 1626)
1606 -
1607
Paio de Araujo de Azevedo
Sep 1607 - 11 Apr 1611 Manuel
Pereira Forjaz
(d. 1611)
15 Apr 1611 -
1615
Bento Banha Cardoso (captain-major)
1615 – 11 Apr
1617
Manuel Cerveira Pereira (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Apr 1617 – Nov 1617 Antonio
Gonçalves Pita
Nov 1617 -
1621
Luís Mendes de Vasconcelos
(b. c.1542 - d. 1623)
Sep 1621 -
1623
João Correia de Sousa
(d. 1626)
1623 (5 months)
Pedro de Sousa Coelho (captain-major)
1623 -
1624
Simão de Mascarenhas, bispo de
Congo e
Angola
Feb 1624 - 4 Sep 1630
Fernão de
Sousa
(b. c.1570 - d. 16..)
4 Sep 1630 - 1634
Manuel
Pereira Coutinho
1634 - 18 Oct
1639
Francisco de Vasconcelos da Cunha
18 Oct 1639 - 1645
Pedro César de Meneses
(d. 1666)
(from Aug 1641, at Bengo River then Massangano
in opposition to Dutch rule)
Dutch Directors
29 Aug 1641 - 12 Sep 1642 Pieter
Moorthamer (Mortamer)
+ Cornelis Nieulant
1642 -
1648
Cornelis Hendrikszoon Ouman
(to 1644 and from 1646)
+ Hendrik Redinkhoven (1643-1646/47)
+ Adriaen Lens (from 1646/47)
Governors
Sep 1645 - May
1646 Francisco
de Souto-Maior
(in Massangano opposition to Dutch
rule)
May 1646 - 24 Aug 1648 Triumvirate
Junta
-
Bartolomeu de Vasconcelos da Cunha
(chairman of the Junta)
- António
Teixeira de Mendonça
- João Zuzarte
de Andrade
(captains-major)
24 Aug 1648 -
1651
Salvador Correia de Sá Benavides
(b. 1602 - d. 1688)
Oct 1651 -
1653
Rodrigo de Miranda Henriques (b.
c.1600 - d. 1653)
1653 - Oct 1655
Bartolomeu de Vasconcelos
da Cunha (captain-major)
Oct 1655 - 18 Apr 1658
Luís Martins de Sousa Chichorro (d. 1658)
18 Apr 1658 -
1661
João Fernandes Vieira
(b. c.1613 - d. 1681)
10 May 1661 - 20 Aug 1666 André Vidal de
Negreiros (b.
1606 - d. 1680)
20 Aug 1666 - Jan 1667
Tristão da Cunha
30 Jan 1667 - 3 Feb 1667 Francisco
Cidralles Souto Maior
Feb 1667 -
1668
Chamber Senate
- António de Araujo de Azevedo
(president of the chamber)
- Paulo Rebello da Cunha
- Roque Vieira de Lima
- Paulo Valente
- Diogo Vaz Camello
1668 -
1669
Junta
- Thomaz Borges Madureira
- Luiz da Silva de Motta
- João de Araujo
- João Cardozo
- Gaspar Zuzarte de Andrade
- António Rodrigues de Andrade
1669 - 26 Aug
1669 Junta
- João Marques de Almeida
- António de Estrada
- João de Gouvea
- Thomaz Figueira Bultão
- Henrique de Mendonça
- João Ferreira da Maia
26 Aug 1669 -
1676
Francisco de Távora conde de Alvor (b. 1646 - d.
1710)
25 Aug 1676 – 11 Sep 1680 Ayres de Saldanha de
Sousa e
Meneses
11 Sep 1680 – 12 Sep 1684 João da Silva e Sousa
12 Sep 1684 – 8 Sep 1688 Luís Lobo da Silva
8 Sep 1688 – 1 Nov 1691 João de
Lencastre
(b. 1646 - d. 1707)
1 Nov 1691 – 3 Nov 1694 Gonçalo da
Costa de Alcáçova
Carneiro de Menezes
3 Nov 1694 – 9 Nov 1697 Henrique
Jacques de Magalhães (b.
c.1650 - d. 1700)
9 Nov 1697 – 5 Dec 1701 Luís
César de Meneses
(b. 1653 - d. 1720)
5 Dec 1701 - Dec 1702
Bernardino de Távora e
Sousa (b. c.1630 -
d. 1702)
Tavares
Dec 1702 – 20 Nov 1705 Chamber
Senate
20 Nov 1705 – 4 Oct 1709 Lourenço de Almada
(b. 1645 - d. 1729)
4 Oct 1709 – 22 Feb 1713 António de Saldanha
de Albuquerque (b. c.1670 - d. c.1723)
Castro e Ribafria
22 Feb 1713 – 15 Jun 1717 João Manuel de Noronha
(b. 1679 - d.
1761)
15 Jun 1717 – 22 Mar 1722 Henrique de Figueiredo e
Alarcão (b. 1658 - d. 1723)
22 Mar 1722 – 25 Apr 1725 António de Albuquerque
Coelho (b. 1682 - d. 1745)
25 Apr 1725 – 7 May 1726 José Carvalho da
Costa (acting)
7 May 1726 – Dec 1732
Paulo Caetano de Albuquerque (d.
1732)
Dec 1732 – 1 Jan 1733
Chamber Senate
1 Jan 1733 – 1 Apr 1738 Rodrigo César
de
Menezes
(b. 1673 - d. 1738)
1 Apr 1738 – 17 Apr 1748 Joaquim Jacques de
Magalhães (d. 1748)
17 Apr 1748 – 12 Jan 1749 Governing
Junta
- Frei Manoel de Santa Inês
(b. 1704 - d. 1771)
- Victoriano de Faria e Mello
Varejão Castello Branco
- Fernando José da Cunha Pereira
12 Jan 1749 – 31 Jul 1753 António de Almeida
Soares e (b.
1699 - d. 1761)
Portugal, conde do Lavradio
31 Jul 1753 – 14 Oct 1758 António Álvares da
Cunha
(b. 1700 - d. 1791)
14 Oct 1758 – 6 Jun 1764 António de
Vasconcelos
6 Jun 1764 – 21 Nov 1772 Francisco Inocêncio
de Sousa (b. 1726 -
d. 1780)
Coutinho
21 Nov 1772 – 5 Dec 1779 António de
Lencastre
(b. 1721 - d. 1788)
5 Dec 1779 – 19 Dec 1782 José Gonçalo da
Câmara Coutinho (d. 1782)
19 Dec 1782 – Sep 1784 Junta
- Luiz da Anunciação e Azevedo
- Joaquim Manoel Garcia de Castro (d. 1783)
Barbosa (to ... 1783)
- Francisco Xavier de Lobão
Machado
Pessanha (from ... 1783)
- João Monteiro de Moraes
(d. 1783)
(for 51 days)
- Pedro Alvares de Andrade da
Cunha Azevedo e Vasconcellos
(after Moraes)
7 Sep 1784 - Sep 1790 José de
Almeida e Vasconcelos (b.
1737 - d. 1812)
Soveral Carvalho e Albergaria,
barão de Mossâmedes
6 Oct 1790 - 1 Aug 1797 Manuel de
Almeida e Vasconcelos, (b. 1784 - d. 1832)
visconde da Lapa
1 Aug 1797 - 24 Aug 1802 Miguel António de
Melo
(b. 1766 - d. 1836)
24 Aug 1802 - 2 Apr 1806 Fernando António
Soares de Noronha (b. 1742 - d. 1814)
2 Apr 1806 – 29 Mar 1807 Governing Junta
- Joaquim Maria Mascarenhas Castelo
Branco
- Duarte Cabreira de Brito e
Arvellos
- Manoel Pinto Coelho
- Eusébio Castela de Lemos
29 Mar 1807 – 7 Jul 1810 António de
Saldanha da Gama (b. 1778 -
d. 1839)
7 Jul 1810 – 3 Jul 1816 José de
Oliveira Barbosa,
(b. 1753 - d. 1844)
visconde do Rio Comprido
3 Jul 1816 – 7 Sep 1819 Luís da Motta
Fêo e
Torres
(b. 1769 - d. 1823)
7 Sep 1819 - 22 Jul 1821 Manuel Vieira Tovar
de Albuquerque (b. 1776 - d. 1833)
22 Jul 1821 – 6 Feb 1822 Joaquim Inácio de
Lima
6 Feb 1822 – 24 May 1823 João Damasceno da
Silva Póvoas, (b. 1780 - d. 1826)
bispo de Angola e Congo
(president of the provisional government Junta)
24 May 1823 - Jan 1824 Cristóvão
Avelino Dias
Jan 1824 -
1829
Nicolau de Abreu Castelo Branco (b.
1781 - d. 1838)
1829 – 25 Jun
1834
José Maria de Sousa Macedo Almeida (b. 1787 - d. 1872)
e Vasconcelos, barão de Santa
Comba Dão
25 Jun 1834 – 20 Feb 1836 Leonardo José Vilela
(d. 1842)
(president of the Government Junta)
20 Feb 1836 – 21 Aug 1836 Domingos de Saldanha
Oliveira e (b. 1800 - d. 1836)
Daun
21 Aug 1836 – Aug 1837 Governing
Junta
- Leonardo José Vilela
(s.a.)
- António Carlos Coutinho
- Fernando da Fonseca Mesquita
e
Solla, visconde de Francos (b. 1795 - d.
1857)
Governors-general
Aug 1837 – 25 Jan 1839 Manuel
Bernardo Vidal
25 Jan 1839 – 23 Nov 1839 António Manuel de
Noronha
(b. 1772 - d. 1860)
23 Nov 1839 - Apr 1842 Manuel
Eleutério Malheiro (acting) (b. 1793 - d. 1855)
1842 – 10 Jul 1843
José Xavier Bressane Leite
(b. 1780 - d. 1843)
10 Jul 1843 – Mar 1844 Government
Council
- Carlos Augusto Franco
- Joaquim António de Carvalho e
Menezes
- Luiz Gomes Ribeiro
- António de Azevedo
Galiano
23 Mar 1844 - 6 Sep 1845 Lourenço Germack
Possolo
(b. 1779 - d. 1848)
6 Sep 1845 - 17 Aug 1848 Pedro Alexandrino
da Cunha
(b. 1801 - d. 1850)
17 Aug 1848 - 26 Aug 1851 Adrião Acácio da
Silveira Pinto (b. 1795 - d. 1868)
26 Aug 1851 - 19 Feb 1853 António Sérgio de
Sousa
(b. 1809 - d. 1878)
19 Feb 1853 - 29 Sep 1853 António Ricardo Graça
29 Sep 1853 - 2. Mar 1854 Miguel Ximenes Rodrigues
Sandoval (b. 1806 - d. 1884)
de Castro e Viegas, visconde de
Pinheiro
2. Mar 1854 - 18 Oct 1854 Provisional Junta
- Joaquim de São Bento Moreira Reis(b. 1812 - d. 1887)
- Antonio
Faustino dos Santos
Crespo
- João Jacinto
Tavares
18 Oct 1854 - 8 Aug 1860 José Rodrigues
Coelho do Amaral (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
(1st time)(interim to 17 Jan 1855)
8 Aug 1860 - 7 Feb 1861 Carlos Augusto
Franco
7 Feb 1861 - 18 Sep 1862 Sebastião Lopes de
Calheiros (b. 1816 -
d. 1899)
e Meneses
18 Sep 1862 - 30 Sep 1865 José Baptista de
Andrade
(b. 1819 - d. 1902)
(1st time)
30 Sep 1865 – 12 Mar 1866 Luís José Mendes Afonso
(president of Governing Council)
12 Mar 1866 - 6 Apr 1869 Francisco António
Gonçalves (b.
1800 - d. 1875)
Cardoso
6 Apr 1869 - 20 Jun 1870 José Rodrigues
Coelho do Amaral (s.a.)
(2nd time)
26 Jun 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Joaquim José da
Graça
(b. 1825 - d. 1889)
4 Sep 1870 - 15 Mar 1873 José Maria da Ponte
e Horta (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
15 Mar 1873 - 22 May 1876 José Baptista de
Andrade
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
22 May 1876 - 5 Jun 1876 Government
Council
- Tomás Gomes de Almeida
- Luis Carlos Garcia de Miranda
- Miguel Gomes de Almeida (1st time)
- António do Nascimento
Pereira (b. 1833 - d. 1899)
de
Sampaio
5 Jun 1876 - 1 Jul 1878 Caetano
Alexandre de Almeida
(b. 1824 - d. 1894)
e Albuquerque
1 Jul 1878 - 8 Jul 1880 Vasco Guedes
de Carvalho e Meneses (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
8 Jul 1880 - 7 Jun 1882 António
Eleutério Dantas (b.
1835 - d. 1882)
7 Jun 1882 - 30 Aug 1882 Government
Council
- José Sebastião de Almeida Neto
- Miguel Gomes de Almeida (2nd time)
- Adelino Antero de Sá (1st time) (b. 1862 - d.
1887)
- Joaquim José Coelho de Carvalho
30 Aug 1882 - 15 Nov 1885 Francisco Joaquim
Ferreira do (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
Amaral
15 Nov 1885 - 27 Jan 1886 Guilherme Gomes Coelho
(acting)
10 Jan 1886 - 30 Apr 1886 Government Council
- António Tomás da Silva Leitão
e (b. 1848 - d. 1901)
Castro (president)
- Adelino Antero de Sá (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Onofre de Paiva Andrade
- Guilherme Gomes
Coelho
30 Apr 1886 - 25 Aug 1892 Guilherme Auguste de
Brito Capêlo (b. 1839 - d. 1926)
(1st time)
25 Aug 1892 - 1 Oct 1893 Jaime Lôbo de Brito
Godins
(1st time)(acting)
1 Oct 1893 - 21 Nov 1894 Álvaro
Antonio da Costa Ferreira (b. 1853 - d. 1933)
(1st
time)
21 Nov 1894 – 15 Apr 1895 Francisco Eugenio
Pereira de
Miranda
15 Apr 1895 – 14 Jun 1896 Álvaro António
da Costa Ferreira (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
17 Jun 1896 - 17 Feb 1897 Guilherme Auguste de
Brito Capêlo (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Feb 1897 - 18 Feb 1897 Jaime Lôbo de Brito
Godins
(2nd time)(acting)
18 Feb 1897 – 13 Apr 1897 Government Council
- António Dias Ferreira
- António Maria Vieira Lisboa
- José Maria Pinto da Costa
- Lourenço Justiniano Padrel (b.
1846 - d. 1911)
13 Apr 1897 - 23 Oct 1900 António Duarte Ramada
Curto (b. 1849
- d. 1921)
(1st time)
23 Oct 1900 - 26 May 1903 Francisco Xavier Cabral
de (b.
1859 - d. 1908)
Moncada
26 May 1903 - 17 Mar 1904 Eduardo Augusto Ferreira
da Costa (b. 1865 - d. 1907)
(1st time)
17 Mar 1904 - 16 Dec 1904 Custódio Miguel de
Borja
(b. 1849 - d. 1911)
16 Dec 1904 - 24 Mar 1906 António Duarte Ramada
Curto (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
24 Mar 1906 - 30 May 1906 Ernesto Augusto Gomes de
Sousa
(1st
time)(acting)
30 May 1906 - 1 May 1907 Eduardo Augusto
Ferreira da Costa (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 May 1907 - 1 May 1907 Government
Council
- António Barbosa Leão
- Francisco A. Almeida
- Valeriano José da Silva
1 May 1907 – 17 Jun 1907 Ernesto
Augusto Gomes de Sousa
(2nd
time)(acting)
17 Jun 1907 - 16 Jun 1909 Henrique Mitchell de
Paiva
(b. 1861 - d. 1944)
Couceiro
Jun 1909 - Aug
1909 Álvaro
António da Costa Ferreira (s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting)
Aug 1909 - Dec
1909 Government
Council
- João Evangelista de Lima Vidal (b. 1874 - d.
1958)
- Manuel Pereira Pimenta de Sousa
e
Castro
- Francisco Maria Cabral de
França
16 Dec 1909 - 26 Oct 1910 José Augusto Alves
Roçadas
(b. 1865 - d. 1926)
26 Oct 1910 - 18 Jan 1911 Caetano Francisco
Cláudio Eugénio (b. 1868 - d. 1953)
Gonçalves (acting)
18 Jan 1911 - 26 Feb 1912 Manuel Maria
Coelho
(b. 1857 - d. 1943)
26 Feb 1912 - 7 Mar 1912 Manuel Moreira da
Fonseca (acting)
7 Mar 1912 - 17 Jun 1912 António
Eduardo Romeiras de Macedo
17 Jun 1912 - 8 Mar 1915 José Maria Mendes
Ribeiro Norton (b. 1867 - d. 1955)
de Matos (1st time)
14 Mar 1914 - 2 Sep 1914 António Nogueira
Mimoso Guerra (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
(acting for Norton de Matos)
8 Mar 1915 - 20 Mar 1915 Mario Teixeira
Malheiros (acting)
20 Mar 1915 - 10 Oct 1915 António Júlio da Costa
Pereira de (b. 1852 - d. 1917)
Eça
10 Oct 1915 - 14 Oct 1915 Government Council
- Manuel do Sacramento Monteiro (d.
1944)
- Alberto Barbosa de Queirós
- Mario Teixeira Malheiros
14 Oct 1915 - 5 Apr 1916 Fernando Pais Teles
de Utra (b. 1882 - d. 1949)
Machado
(acting)
5 Apr 1916 - 19 Oct 1917 Pedro Francisco
Massano do Amorim (b. 1862 - d. 1929)
19 Oct 1917 - 14 Sep 1918 Jaime Alberto de Castro
Morais (b. 1882 - d. 1973)
14 Sep 1918 - 10 May 1919 Filomeno da Câmara Melo
Cabral (b. 1873 - d. 1934)
(1st time)
10 May 1919 - 24 Jul 1919 António
Nogueira Mimoso Guerra (s.a.)
(acting)
25 Jul 1919 – 29 Apr 1920 Francisco Coelho do
Amaral Reis, (b. 1873 - d. 1938)
visconde de
Pedralva
29 Apr 1920 - 16 Oct 1920 Isidoro Pedro Leger
Pereira Leite (b. 1866 - d. 1944)
(acting)
16 Oct 1920 – 18 Mar 1921 José Inácio da Silva
(acting)
18 Mar 1921 - 16 Apr 1921 José de Abreu Barbosa
Bacelar (b. 1866 - d. 1946)
(acting)
High commissioners and Governors-general
16 Apr 1921 - 18 Sep 1923 José Maria Mendes
Ribeiro Norton (s.a.)
de Matos (2nd time)
18 Jul 1922 - 18 Oct 1922 Miguel de
Almeida Santos
(acting for Norton de Matos)
18 Sep 1923 – 15 Aug 1924 Miguel de Almeida
Santos (acting)
14 Aug 1924 - 6 Sep 1924 João Augusto
Crispiniano Soares
6 Sep 1924 - 10 Jun 1925 Antero Tavares de
Carvalho
10 Jun 1925 - 21 Jan 1926
Francisco Cunha Rêgo
Chaves (b.
1881 - d. 1941)
21 Jan 1926 - 16 Sep 1926 Artur de
Sales Henriques
(acting)
16 Sep 1926 - 2 Nov 1928 António Vicente
Ferreira (b. 1874 -
d. 1953)
5 Nov 1928 - 2 Feb 1929 António Damas
Móra (acting)
(b. 1879 - d. 1949)
2 Feb 1929 - 4 Mar 1930 Filomeno da
Câmara Melo Cabral (s.a.)
(2nd time)
4 Mar 1930 – 31 Mar 1930 Genipro da Cunha de
Eça Costa (b. 1878 - d.
1945)
Freitas e Almeida (acting)
31 Mar 1930 – 3 Jul 1930 Bento
Esteves Roma
(b. 1884 - d. 1953)
3 Jul 1930 - Sep
1931 José Dionísio Carneiro de
Sousa (b. 1868 - d. 1962)
e Faro
Sep 1931 – Nov 1934
Eduardo Ferreira
Viana
(b. 1884 - d. 1953)
Apr 1933 – Nov 1933 Ernesto
Gonçalves Amaro
(b. 1881 - d. 19..)
(acting
for Viana)
28 Nov 1934 - 10 Feb 1935 Júlio Garcês de
Lencastre (b. 1882 -
d. 1970)
10 Feb 1935 - Jan 1939 António
Lopes Mateus
(b. 1878 - d. 1955)
Aug 1936 – Jan 1937 Vasco
Lopes Alves
(acting
for Matheus)
7 Jan 1939 – 30 May 1939 José
Diogo Ferreira Martins
(acting)
30 May 1939 - 27 Nov 1941 Manuel da Cunha e Costa
Marques (b. 1894 - d. 1957)
Mano
9 Mar 1941 - 24 Aug 1941 Abel
de Abreu
Sotto-Mayor
(b. 1882 - d. 1967)
(acting for Mano)
27 Nov 1941 - Apr 1942 Abel
de Abreu Sotto-Mayor (acting) (s.a.)
Apr 1942 - Jun
1943 Álvaro de
Freitas Morna
(b. 1885 - d. 1961)
Jun 1943 - Sep
1943 José
Ferreira Rodrigues de
Figueiredo dos Santos (acting)
Sep 1943 - Oct 1943
Manuel Pereira Figueira (acting)
Oct 1943 - Sep
1947 Vasco
Lopes Alves
(b. 1898 - d. 1976)
Sep 1947 - 19 Sep 1947 Fernando
Falcão Pacheco Mena (b. 1897 -
d. 19..)
19 Sep 1947 - 15 Aug 1955 José Agapito da Silva
Carvalho (b. 1897 - d. 1957)
1 Dec 1950 – Mar 1951 José
Antonio Fernandes
(acting
for Carvalho)
Aug 1951 – Sep 1951 José
Antonio Fernandes
(acting
for Carvalho)
15 Aug 1955 – 12 Sep 1955 Manuel da Cruz Alvura
(1st time)
(acting)
11 Sep 1955 - 17 Feb 1956 Manuel de Gusmão
de Mascarenhas (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
Gaivão
Feb 1956 - Aug 1959
Horácio José
de Sá Viana Rebelo (b. 1910 - d. 1995)
Aug 1959 – Feb 1960
Francisco Avelar Maia de Loureiro (b. 1911 - d.
....)
(acting)
16 Feb 1960 - 14 Jun 1961 Álvaro Rodrigues
da Silva Tavares (b. 1915 - d. 2011)
Sep 1960 - Nov
1960 Gustavo
Neto de Miranda
(b. 1914 - d. ....)
(acting for Tavares)
Jun 1961
Manuel da Cruz
Alvura (2nd time)
(acting)
14 Jun 1961 – 23 Jun 1961 Carlos Miguel Lopes da
Silva (b. 1907 - d. 1961)
Freire
(acting)
23 Jun 1961 - 8 Sep 1962 Venâncio
Augusto
Deslandes
(b. 1909 - d. 1985)
8 Sep 1962 – 5 Nov 1962 Francisco M.
Holbeche Fino (acting)(b. 1898 - d. 1979)
5 Nov 1962 - 27 Oct 1966 Silvino
Silvério Marques (1st time)(b. 1918 - d. 2013)
27 Oct 1966 - 1 Nov 1972 Camilo
Augusto de Miranda Rebocho (b. 1920 - d. 1998)
Vaz
1 Nov 1972 - 26 Apr 1974 Fernando
Augusto Santos Castro (b. 1922 - d.
1983)
26 Apr 1974 - 15 Jun 1974 Joaquím Franco
António Pinheiro (b. 1915 - d. 2001)
(acting)
15 Jun 1974 - 24 Jul 1974 Silvino Silvério
Marques (2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Jul 1974 - 28 Jan 1975 António Alva Rosa
Coutinho
(b. 1926 - d. 2010)
(acting to 29 Nov 1974)
28 Jan 1975 - 2 Aug 1975 António
Silva
Cardoso
(b. 1928 - d. 2014)
2 Aug 1975 - 26 Aug 1975 Ernesto
António Luís Ferreira de (b. 1920)
Macedo (acting)
26 Aug 1975 - 10 Nov 1975 Leonel
Alexandre Gomes Cardoso (b. 1919 - d.
1988)
Presidents
11 Nov 1975 - 10 Sep 1979 António Agostinho
Neto
(s.a.)
MPLA-PT
10 Sep 1979 - 26 Sep 2017 José Eduardo dos
Santos
(s.a.)
MPLA-PT
(acting to 21 Sep 1979)
26 Sep 2017
-
João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço
(b. 1954)
MPLA-PT
Presidential Council of the Transitional
Government
31 Jan 1975 - 14 Aug 1975 Lopo Fortunato
Ferreira
do (b.
1942)
MPLA
Nascimento
+ José de Assunção Alberto Ndele (b. 1940 - d.
2000) UNITA
+ Johnny Eduardo
Pinnock
(b. 1942 - d. 2000) FNLA
(chairman in rotation)
Prime ministers
11 Nov 1975 - 9 Dec 1978 Lopo
Fortunato Ferreira
do
(s.a.)
MPLA-PT
Nascimento
9 Dec 1978 - 19 Jul 1991 Post
abolished
19 Jul 1991 - 2 Dec 1992 Fernando José de
França Dias (b.
1934)
MPLA-PT
van Dúnem (1st time)
2 Dec 1992 - 8 Jun 1996
Marcolino José Carlos
Moco (b.
1953)
MPLA-PT
8 Jun 1996 - 29 Jan 1999 Fernando
José de França Dias
(s.a.)
MPLA-PT
van Dúnem (2nd time)
29 Jan 1999 - 6 Dec 2002 Vacant
6 Dec 2002 - 30 Sep 2008 Fernando "Nando" da
Piedade Días (b.
1952)
MPLA-PT
dos Santos
30 Sep 2008 - 5 Feb 2010 António Paulo
Kassoma
(b. 1951)
MPLA-PT
5 Feb 2010 -
Post abolished
Revolutionary Government
of Angola in Exile
Prime minister (and from 13
Dec 1972, chairman of Supreme Council of Liberation of
Angola)
5
Apr 1962 - 11 Nov 1975 Álvaro Holden
Roberto
(b. 1923 - d. 2007) FNLA
(provisional)(in Leopoldville
[Kinshasa], Congo exile)
Territorial Dispute: Democratic
Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments.
- Party
abbreviations: FNLA = Frente Nacional
de Libertação para de Angola (National Front for the
Liberation of Angola, northern regionalist, est.28 Mar
1962); MPLA-PT = Movimento
Popular da Libertação de Angola - Partido de Trabalho
(People's Liberation Movement of Angola-Party of
Labor, social democratic, formerly Marxist-Leninist
Communist Oct 1976-Dec 1990, state party Nov 1975-26
Mar 1991, est.10 Dec 1956); UNITA
= União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola
(National Union for the Total Independence of Angola,
authoritarian/conservative, mainly ethnic Ovimbundu,
est.13 Mar 1966)
Counter governments: Democratic and
People's Republic of Angola
![[Angola - UNITA; Free Algeria de facto
flag 1975-2002] [Angola - UNITA;
Free Algeria de facto flag 1975-2002]](ao-unita.gif)
De facto flag 1979 - 2002
|
11 Nov
1975
Democratic and People's Republic of Angola (República
Democrática
e
Popular de Angola) at Huambo to 1976, Jamba
1976-Oct 1991,
Huambo 1992-9 Nov 1994, Bailundo 1994 - 21 Oct 1999) declared
by
FNLA and
UNITA in opposition to MPLA backed
People's Republic of
Angola.
11 Feb 1976 - 1979
Suppressed by Angolan government when it overruns
FNLA positions
in
the north and UNITA strongholds in the south.
31 May
1991 - 30 Nov 1992 Brief end to civil war which
resumes after disputed elections.
20 Nov
1994
Cease-fire agreement signed at Lusaka (not fully
implemented).
24 Dec
1999
Angolan government forces seize Jamba.
4 Apr
2002
Cease-fire ends Angolan civil war, UNITA
demobilizes Aug 2002.
Presidents of the National Council of the
Revolution
11 Nov 1975 - 11 Feb 1976 Álvaro Holden
Roberto
(b. 1923 - d. 2007) FNLA
+ Jonás Malheiro
Savimbi
(b. 1934 - d. 2002) UNITA
11 Feb 1976 - 1979
Suppressed
1979 - 22 Feb
2002
Jonás Malheiro
Savimbi
(s.a.)
UNITA
22 Feb 2002 - 3 Mar 2002 António
Sebastião Dembo
(b. 1944 - d. 2002) UNITA
3 Mar
2002 - 4 Apr 2002 Paulo Armindo Lukamba
"Gato" (b.
1954)
UNITA
(acting; chairman of managerial commission)
Prime ministers
23 Nov 1975 - 11 Feb 1976 José de
Assunção Alberto Ndele (b. 1940
- d. 2000) UNITA
+ Johnny Eduardo
Pinnock
(b. 1942 - d. 2000) FNLA
Party abbreviations: FNLA
= Frente Nacional para a Libertação de Angola (National
Front for the Liberation of Angola, northern
regionalist, est.28 Mar 1962); UNITA
= União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola
(National Union for the Total Independence of Angola,
authoritarian, conservative, anti-communist,
primarily ethnic Ovimbundu, est.13 Mar 1966)
Cabinda
Map
of Cabinda
|
FLEC National Anthem
"Cabinda Pátria Imortal"
(Cabinda Immortal
Homeland)
|
Text
of FLEC Anthem
Adopted 1975
|
Constitution
|
Capital: Cabinda City
(Tchiowa)
(Maquela do Zambo
1917-1946)
|
Currency: Kwanza
(AOA)
(FELC - Republic of
Cabinda Ibinda)
|
FLEC National Holiday:
1 Aug (1975)
Independence Day
|
Population: 779,383
(2017)
81,000 (1971)
|
GDP: $N/A
(included within Angola figures)
|
Ethnic groups:
Bakongo, Ibinda, Lindji, Oyo,
Kotchi, Yombe, Sundi, Lumbo,
Mayombe, others
|
FLEC Armed Forces:
600,
claims 5,000 (2002)
|
Religions: mainly
Roman Catholic, Protestant,
traditional beliefs
|
International
Organizations:
None; FLEC: UNPO (1997-2011) |
29 Sep
1883
Cabinda a Portuguese protectorate (Portuguese Congo [Congo
português]).
14 Feb
1885
Portuguese possession confirmed by the Berlin
Conference.
18 Jul
1885
Portuguese Congo district created (seat: Cabinda).
1887
Cabinda constituted as a circunscrição
administrativa within the
Congo district, having a its own special resident.
1919
Made a separate district of Cabinda (distrito de
Cabinda).
4 May
1921
Angola divided into 11 districts (subdivided into circunscriçoês),
Cabinda re-incorporated into the Congo district (by carta
orgânica da província).
Mar
1922
District of Zaire (Distrito do Zaire) created,
the Intendancy of
Cabinda
becomes part of the Zaire district.
1930
Intendancy of Zaire and Cabinda (Intendência do Zaire
e Cabinda).
1932
With the integration of districts of Zaire and Congo,
the
Intendancy of Cabinda becomes directly dependent on the
governor-general of Angola.
19 Mar
1933
The new Portuguese fundamental law maintains distinction
between Angola and Cabinda among its overseas provinces.
1 Jul
1934
Angola divided into 14 districts (by reforma
administrativa
ultramarina).
1936
Angola divied into 5 provinces: Luanda (districts:
Luanda, Cuanza
Norte, Congo, Zaire and Cabinda), Malanje, Benguela,
Bié, Hula.
1946
District of Cabinda (distrito de Cabinda)
restored.
28 May
1956
Cabinda administratively incorporated into Angola.
10 Jan
1967
FLEC establishes a Cabindan Provisional Revolutionary
Government
(Governo Provisório Revolucionário Fiote no
Exílio) at Tshela
in Congo (Kinshasa) exile.
19 Sep
1974
MPLA declares Cabinda annexed to Angola.
1 Nov
1974
MPLA occupies Cabinda city.
15 Jan
1975
Portugal meets with Angolan factions (MPLA, FNLA and
UNITA) and
under Alvor Agreement all recognize Cabinda as part of
Angola.
1 Aug
1975
Independence is declared by FLEC (Republic of Cabinda [Kilansi
kia
cabinda/República de Cabinda]) in exile
(not recognized by
Portugal or by other Angolan factions).
11 Nov
1975
Cabinda part of independent Angola (Province of Cabinda
[Província
de
Cabinda]).
4 Jan 1976
Angola (MPLA) government
forces complete occupation of Cabinda.
1 May
1977
Cabindan independence again declared by Henriques Tiago
Nzita's
FLEC faction (with no effect).
16 Oct
1977
"Independent State of Liberated Areas of Cabinda"
declared by
Luis Franque's FLEC faction (with no effect).
1 Aug
2006
Angolan government signs Namibe agreement with the
Cabinda Forum
for Dialogue involving a "special status" for Cabinda,
within
the limits of Angola's centralized constitution (not
recognized
by all of FLEC or other factions).
Residents in Cabinda
1885 -
1886
Jaime Pereira de Sampaio Forjaz (b.
1855 - d. 1921)
de Serpa Pimentel
1890 -
1892
José António de Miranda
(did not take office)
1892 -
1897
João Francisco Nunes
1897
Luís Gonzaga Ribeiro
(b. 1864 - d. 1927)
1899
Henrique Quirino da Fonseca (b.
1868 - d. 1939)
Governors of Congo district
14 Jul 1887 -
1889 José
Antonio de Brissac
das (b. 1846 -
d. 1902)
Neves Ferreira
1889 -
1890
António de Azarado de Vasconcelos
1890 -
1893
António Sérgio de Sousa
1893 -
1895
Nuno de Freitas Queriol (1st time) (b. 1855 - d. 1924)
1895 -
1896
Jaime Pereira de Sampaio Forjaz (s.a.)
de Serpa Pimenta
1895 -
1896
Eduardo Augusto Gomes de Sousa
(1st time)
1896 -
1897
Nuno de Freitas Queriol (2nd time) (s.a.)
1897
Eduardo Augusto Gomes de Sousa
(2nd time)
1897 -
1899
Luís Bernardino Leitão Xavier (b. 1954
- d. 1914)
1899 -
1900
Henrique Quirino da Fonseca
(s.a.)
1900
Augusto Pereira do Vale
1900 -
1901
Jaime da Fonseca Monteiro
(b. 1870 - d. 1938)
1901
Pedro de Azevedo Coutinho
1901
Raúl Correia Betancourt de Furtado
1901 -
1902
João dos Santos Pereira Jardim (b.
1860 - d. 19..)
Governors of Cabinda district
1946 -
1949
Raúl de Lima
1949 -
1956
Ismael Pais
1956
João Baptista Duarte Pinheira
1956 -
1957
Jaime António Tavares Machado
Banazol
1957 -
1958
Norberto Augusto Lopes
1959 -
1961
José Paulo Paixão Barradas
1961 -
1963
Júlio de Araújo Ferreira
(b. 1905 - d. 1995)
1964 -
1965
Artur João Cabral Carmona
(b. 1916 - d. 1978)
1965 -
1966
Adriano Augusto Pires
(b. 192.)
1966 -
1968
João Tiroa
Feb 1968 -
1970
Américo Agostinho Mendonça Frazão
(acting to
12 Jun 1968)
1970 -
1971
Eurico Ferreira Gonçalves
(b. 1916 - d. 2005)
1971 - 1972
João António Pinheiro
(b. 1921 - d. 2009)
1972 - 1975
Manuel Freire Themudo Barata (b. 1919
- d. 2003)
Provincial Commissioners of Cabinda Province
1975 - 1978
Evaristo Domingos "Kimba"
(b. 1944 - d. 2011) MPLA-PT
1979 - 1980
Luís Doukui
Paulo de Castro (b. 1940 - d.
2005) MPLA-PT
1980 - 1982
Manuel Francisco Tuta "Batalha de (b.
1943) MPLA-PT
Angola"
1982 - 1984
Armando Fandame N'dembo
MPLA-PT
1984 - 1989
Jorge Barros Chimpuati (Tchimpuaty)(b.
1943 - d. 2011) MPLA-PT
1989 - 1990
Maria Mambo Café
(f)
(b. 1945 - d. 2013) MPLA-PT
1990 - 1991
Augusto da Silva
Tomás (b.
1957)
MPLA-PT
Governors of Cabinda Province
1991 - 1995
Augusto da Silva
Tomás
(s.a.)
MPLA-PT
Jan 1995 - Apr
2002 José Amaro
Tati
(b. 1957)
MPLA-PT
Apr 2002 - 2009
José Aníbal Lopes Rocha
(b. 1948)
MPLA-PT
1 Dec 2009 - 2012
Mawete João Baptista
(b. 1947)
MPLA-PT
Oct 2012 - 2017
Aldina Matilde Barros da Lomba (b. 1964)
MPLA-PT
Katembo
(f)
28 Sep 2017 - 2019 Eugénio
César Laborinho
(b. 1955) MPLA-PT
26 Jul 2019
-
Marcos Alexandre
Nhunga
(b. 1960)
MPLA-PT
Cabindan Exile
Governments
FLEC flag from 1974
|
Presidents
10 Aug 1974 - Mar 1975
(José) Auguste
Tchioufou
FLEC-Rouge
(in Pointe-Noire, Congo [Brazzaville]
exile)
Mar 1975 - Aug
1975 Alfred
Raoul
(b. 1938 - d.
1999) FLEC-Rouge
(in Pointe-Noire, Congo [Brazzaville]
exile)
1 Aug 1975 - Jan 1976
Luís Ranque
Franque
(b. 1925 - d. 2007) FLEC
(in Congo [Kinshasa]
exile)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Cabindan
Committee
1975 - Jan
1976
Henriques Tiago
N'Zita
(b. 1927 - d. 2016) FLEC-FAC
(in opposition; in Pointe-Noire, Congo
[Brazzaville] exile)
Prime minister of the Provisional Revolutionary
Government
10 Jan 1967 - Jul 1975
Pedro Simba
Macosso
(b.
1927)
FLEC
(in Tshela, Congo [Kinshasa] exile)
Prime minister of the Republic of Cabinda
Jul 1975 - Jan
1976 Francisco
Xavier
Lubota
(b. 1942? - d. 2006) FLEC
(provisional to 1 Aug 1975; in Congo [Kinshasa]
exile)
Party abbreviations: FELC = Frente
de Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (Front
for the Liberation of the Enclave
of Cabinda, separatist movement for
national liberation of Cabinda,
split 1976-Sep 2004 into FLEC-FAC,
and FLEC-Renovada, est.4
Aug 1963); FLEC-FAC
= Frente de Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda-Forças
Armadas de Cabinda (Front
for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda-Armed
Forces of Cabinda, Henriques
Tiago N'Zita personalist, split from
FLEC, 1975-Sep 2004,
merged into FLEC); FLEC-Rouge = Front de Libération de
l'Enclave du Cabinda-Rouge (Front for the Liberation of the
Enclave of Cabinda-Red, split from
FLEC, supported by Société Elf-Erap [a
Franco-Congolese oil company] and Congo [Brazzaville],
30 Jun 1974-c.1981);
MPLA-PT = Movimento Popular da
Libertação de Angola - Partido de Trabalho (People's
Liberation Movement of Angola-Party of Labor, social
democratic, formerly Marxist-Leninist
Communist Oct 1976-Dec 1990, state party Nov
1975-26 Mar 1991, est.10 Dec 1956)
© Ben Cahoon
|