Anguilla
-
- to Dec 1958;
- 19 Mar 1969 - 19 Dec 1980
(de facto);
- 19 Dec 1980 - 30 May 1990
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Dec 1958 - 27 Feb 1967
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27 Feb 1967 - 30 May 1967
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30 May 1967 - 12 Jul 1967;
19 Mar 1969 - 19 Dec 1980 (de
jure)
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23 Jul 1967 - 29 Sep 1967
(provisional)
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29 Sep 1967 - 19 Mar 1969;
19 Mar 1969 - 30 May 1990 Unofficial
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30 May 1990 - 25 Jan 1999
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Adopted 25 Jan 1999
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Map
of Anguilla
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Hear
National Anthem
"God Save the King"
("God Save the Queen"
1837-1901, 1952-2022)
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Hear Local
Anthem
"God Bless
Anguilla"
Adopted 1981
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Constitution Order
(1 Apr 1982/30 May 1990/
14
May 2019)
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Former Constitutions
(11
Jul 1967; 6
Feb 1969)
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Capital:
The Valley
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Currency:
East Caribbean
Dollar (XCD)
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National Holiday:
2nd Sat in Jun.
(1948)
Birthday of King Charles
III
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Local Holiday:
30 May (1967)
Anguilla Day |
Population:
17,422 (2018)
|
GDP: $310.7 million
(2014) |
Exports: $7.9 million
(2017)
Imports: $186.2
million (2017) |
Ethnic
groups: African/black 85.3%,
hispanic 4.9%,
mixed 3.8%, white 3.2%, East
Indian/Indian 1%, other 1.6%,
unspecified 0.3% (2011) |
Total
Police Force: 80 (1987)
Defense is the
Responsibility of the U.K.
Merchant marine: 2
ships (2019) |
Religions:
Protestant 73.2% (includes Anglican
22.7%,
Methodist 19.4%, Pentecostal 10.5%,
Seventh Day
Adventist 8.3%, Baptist 7.1%, Church of
God 4.9%,
Presbytarian 0.2%, Brethren 0.1%), Roman
Catholic 6.8%,
Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian
10.9%, other 3.2%,
unspecified 0.3%, none 4.5% (2011)
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International
Organizations/Treaties:
Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol
(subbureau), ECCB, OECS (associate),
UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO
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Anguilla
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Chronology
c.1500
Discovered and named Isla
de Anguila.
2 Jul 1627
Granted to James, Earl
of Carlisle by King Charles I
of England (as part of the Islands
of Carlisle
Province, also called Carliola); no
settlement.
c.1631
Dutch fort, founded
earlier, is abandoned.
1650
Anguilla settled by unauthorized
settlers from
St. Christopher.
1670 -
1816
Part of Leeward Islands colony (see Antigua).
Jun
1666
French brief invasion from St. Martin
by Sieur des
Roses.
1668
Spanish invaders from Puerto Rico
accompanied by
"Irish and other renegades."
21-22 Dec 1688
Spanish attempted invasion
with "Irish" marauders
under Pirate Capt. Bear.
1689
French raid on Anguilla.
1689 - 1689
Population briefly evacuated to
Antigua.
1724
Anguilla formally
made part of St. Christopher.
21 May
1745
French invasion attempt.
26 Nov 1796
French invasion attempt.
1816 -
1871
Part of St. Christopher, Nevis,
Anguilla, and the
British Virgin Islands colony
(see Saint
Kitts and Nevis).
19 Dec 1832
- 1 Jul 1956
Part of the Leeward Islands (see
Antigua).
1856 - 1867
U.S. claims Sombrero Island.
1882
Part of colony of Saint
Christopher-Nevis-
Anguilla (see Saint
Kitts and Nevis).
1 May
1956
Sombrero Island transferred from the
British Virgin
Islands to Saint
Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.
27 Feb
1967
Associated state of Saint
Christopher-Nevis-
Anguilla (see Saint Kitts and Nevis).
30 May
1967
St. Christopher-Nevis
police
officials evicted.
11 Jul 1967
Referendum supports
separation from St. Christopher
-Nevis, 99.7% to 0.28% (1,813
votes to 5).
12 Jul
1967
Independence proclaimed (not
recognized by U.K.)
17 Oct 1967
Elections in Anguilla, Anguilla
Council created.
6 Feb
1969
Referendum supports independence,
99.7%-0.29%
(1,739 votes to 4).
6 Feb
1969
Republic of Anguilla proclaimed (not
recognized).
19 Mar
1969
British rule restored under emergency
powers.
19 Mar 1969 - Sep
1971 British
forces garrison Anguilla
(Operation
Sheepskin).
27 Jul 1971
Anguilla formally detached from St.
Kitts-Nevis.
4 Aug
1971
Anguilla (Administrative) Order passed
by U.K.
10 Feb
1976
Anguilla (Constitution) Order comes
into operation.
19 Dec
1980
Anguilla becomes a separate dependency
under
the Anguilla Bill by U.K.
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Deputy Governors
1660 - 1666
William Watts (on St. Kitts)
(d. 1666)
1666 - 1689
Abraham Howell
(d.
af.1727)
1689 - 1735?
George Leonard
(b.
c.1655 - d. 1735?)
1727 - 1729
Francis
Phips
(b. c.1683 - d. c.1740)
(Lieutenant
governor of Anguilla and Virgin Islands)
1735 - 1741
John Richardson
(b.
1679 - d. 1742)
30 Jun 1741 - 28 Jan 1749 Arthur Hodge
(d. 1749)
21 May 1745
de la Touche (French commander)
1749 - 1750
John Welch
1750 - 1768
Benjamin Gumbs II
(d.
1768)
1768 - 1771
Benjamin Roberts
1771 - 1776
John Smith
1776? - 1782?
Benjamin Gumbs
III
(d. 1831)
1782 - 1805?
Thomas Hodge
26 Nov 1796
Laboutique + André Seris (Senis)
(French
commanders)
1805 - 1825
William
Richardson
(d. c.1829)
Chief magistrates (from 1827, also presidents of
the Vestry)
1825 - 1835
....
13 Dec 1835 - 1841 Thomas
Egar
1842 - 1846
Richard Challenger
(b. 1805 - d.
af. 1858)
1846 - 1862
Robert William
Pickwood
(b. c.1809 - d. 1862)
(from
1853, resident in St. Kitts)
1862 - 1863
Isidore Peter Lynch
Dyett
(b. 1812 - d. 1864)
26 Nov 1863 - 28 Jan 1868 George Alsbury
(b. 1813 - d. 1879)
Jan 1868 - Feb 1869 Alexander
Augustus Melfort
(b. 1827 - d. 1890)
Campbell
Mar 1869 - May 1871 Neale
Porter
(b. 1826? - d. 1905)
c.1873
D.S. Lloyd
c.1877
Richard Mahoney
Hickson
(b. 1825 - d. 1881)
c.1879 - 1882
James Louis Lake
Wardens (magistrates)
1882 - 1889?
James Louis Lake
1888 - 1890
Edwin Baynes (acting for Lake)
1890 - 1891
....
1891 - 1894
Alexander Robert
Mackay
(b. 1855 - d. 1896)
1894 - 1897
Norman Lockhart
Dec 1897 - 1904?
Joseph Numa
Rat
(b. 1848 - d. 1915)
c.1905 - 1906
G.B. Mason
1906 - 19..
Wilfrid Murray Wigley
(b. 1876 - d. 1959)
190. - 1910
W.T. Samuels
1910 - 1912
Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns
(b. 1887 - d. 1980)
c.1913
W.E. Burton (1st time)
c.1913 - c.1915
George Ignatius Mendes
(b. 1878 - d. 1944)
c.1917 - c.1918
W.E. Burton (2nd time)
9 Aug 1918 - 31 May 1923 Samuel Benjamin
Jones
(b. 1874 - d. 1949)
1923/26? - 24 Dec 1937 John Young
MacFadyen
(b. 1881? - d. 1937)
1937/38
C.E.E. Stevens
1939? - 1948?
A.P. McDonald
1948? - 1952
....
1952 - 1958
Joseph Darnley Maloney
(b. 1905 - d. ....)
1958 - 1962
G.C.H. Thomas
(b. 1911
- d. 1994)
1962 - 31 May
1967
Vincent Fitzgerald Byron
(b. 1913 - d. 1998)
(left
Anguilla 9 Mar 1967)
Chairman of the Peace-keeping
Committee
31 May 1967 - 12 Jul 1967 Walter G.
Hodge
(b. 1920 - d. 1989) Non-party
Chief Executives (and from 21 Oct 1967,
Chairman of the Anguilla Council)
12 Jul 1967 - 4 Aug 1967 Peter
Adams
(b. 1911? - d. ....) PAM
4 Aug 1967 - 8 Jan 1968 James
Ronald Webster (1st time) (b. 1926 - d.
2016) PPP
Commissioner
8 Jan 1968 - 9 Jan 1969
Anthony "Tony" Lee (1st
time) (b. 1923 - d. 2017)
Chief Executive and Chairman of the Anguilla Council
9 Jan 1969 - 21 Feb 1969
James Ronald Webster (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PPP
President
21 Feb 1969 - 19 Mar 1969 James Ronald Webster
(s.a.)
PPP
Commissioners
19 Mar 1969 - 20 Apr 1969 Anthony "Tony" Lee (2nd
time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 1969 - 28 Jul 1969 John Alfred
Cumber (acting) (b.
1920 - d. 1991)
28 Jul 1969 - 17 Mar 1971 Willoughby Harry
"Tommy" Thompson (b. 1919 - d. 2018)
30 Aug 1969 - 1 Oct 1969
Richard Neil Posnett
(b. 1919 - d. 2009)
(acting for Thompson)
17 Mar 1971 - 5 Nov 1974 Arthur
Christopher
Watson
(b. 1927 - d. 2001)
14 Nov 1974 - 6 Mar 1978 David
Francis Battye Le Breton (b.
1931 - d. 2023)
23 Mar 1978 - 1 Apr 1982 Charles
Henry
Godden
(b. 1922 - d. 2020)
Governors
1 Apr 1982 - 1983
Charles Henry
Godden
(s.a.)
30 Nov 1983 - 7 Apr 1987 Alastair Turner
Baillie
(b. 1932 - d. 2009)
17 May 1987 -
1989
Geoffrey Owen
Whittaker
(b. 1932 - d. 2015)
25 Nov 1989 -
1992
Brian George John Canty
(b. 1931 - d. 2024)
14 Aug 1992 - 31 Oct 1995 Alan William
Shave
(b. 1936)
3 Nov 1995 - Dec
1996 Alan
Hoole
(b. 1942 - d. 2000)
Dec 1996 - 27 Jan 2000
Robert
Harris
(b. 1941)
(acting to 29 May 1997)
27 Jan 2000 - 4 Feb 2000 Roger
Cousins
(acting)
(b. 1942)
4 Feb 2000 - 29 Apr 2004 Peter
Johnstone
(b. 1944)
29 Apr 2004 - 28 May 2004 Mark Andrew
Capes (1st time) (b. 1954)
(acting)
28 May 2004 - 2 Jun 2006 Alan Edden
Huckle
(b. 1948)
2 Jun 2006 - 10 Jul 2006 Mark
Andrew Capes (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Jul 2006 - 12 Mar 2009 Andrew
George
(b. 1952)
12 Mar 2009 - 21 Apr 2009
Stanley E. Reid (1st time)(acting) (b. 1968?)
21 Apr 2009 - 18 Jul 2013 Alistair
Harrison
(b. 1954)
18 Jul 2013 - 23 Jul 2013 Stanley E. Reid (2nd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
23 Jul 2013 - 17 Aug 2017 Christina Scott
(f)
(b. 1974)
17 Aug 2017 - 21 Aug 2017 Perin Bradley (1st time)
(acting) (b. 1977)
21 Aug 2017 - 30 Dec 2020 Timothy "Tim"
Foy
(b. 1961)
30 Dec 2020 - 18 Jan 2021 Perin Bradley (2nd time)
(acting) (s.a.)
18 Jan 2021 - 31 May 2023 Dileeni
Daniel-Selvaratnam (f) (b.
1976?)
1 Jun 2023 - 26 Jun 2023 Perin Bradley (3rd
time) (acting) (s.a.)
26 Jun 2023 - 11 Sep 2023 Paul Candler (acting)
11 Sep 2023
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Julia Crouch
(f)
(b. 1967?)
Chairman of the Anguilla Council
21 Oct 1967 - 10 Feb 1976 James
Ronald Webster
(s.a.)
PPP
Chief ministers
10 Feb 1976 - 2 Feb 1977 James
Ronald Webster (1st time)
(s.a.)
PPP
2 Feb 1977 - 28 May 1980 Emile
Gumbs (1st
time)
(b. 1928 - d. 2018) ANA
28 May 1980 - 12 Mar 1984 James Ronald
Webster (2nd time)
(s.a.)
AUP;1981 APP
12 Mar 1984 - 16 Mar 1994 Emile Gumbs
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
ANA
16 Mar 1994 - 6 Mar 2000 Hubert
Hughes (1st time)
(b. 1933 - d. 2021) AUP
6 Mar 2000 - 16 Feb 2010 Osbourne
Fleming
(b.
1940)
ANA;2005 AUF
16 Feb 2010 - 23 Apr 2015 Hubert Hughes (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
AUM
23 Apr 2015 - 14 May 2019 Victor Franklin
Banks
(b.
1947)
AUF
Premiers
14 May 2019 - 30 Jun 2020
Victor Franklin
Banks
(s.a.)
AUF
30 Jun 2020 -
Ellis Lorenzo Webster
(b. 1963)
APM
British Commanding Officers, Forces Anguilla
19 Mar 1969 - May 1969 Richard
William Dawnay
(b. 1930)
May 1969 - 12 Oct 1969 J.E.N.
"Norrie" Giles
12 Oct 1969 - 19.. John
Waymark
19.. - 19..
Robin Jukes-Hughes
19.. - 19..
Bruce Brown
19.. -
1971
Leslie J. Kennedy
Party abbreviations: APM = Anguilla
Progressive Movement (liberal progressive, centrist,
former AUM, est.Oct 2019); AUF =
Anguilla United Front (ANA and ADP coalition 2000-05,
unified party from 2005);
- Former parties: ADP
= Anguilla Democratic Party (conservative, split from
APP, 1989-2005); ANA = Anguilla National
Alliance (conservative, 1977-2005); APP =
Anguilla People's Party (J.R. Webster
personalist, split from AUP, est.1981);
AUM = Anguilla United Movement (former AUP, 1979-Oct
2019, renamed APM); AUP = Anguilla United
Party (J.R. Webster personalist, 1970's-1979, renamed AUM);
PAM = People's Action Movement (St.
Kitts & Nevis based, conservative,
est.1965); PPP = People's
Progressive Party (pro-independence, 1976-1980)
© Ben Cahoon
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