Gabon
-
- 9 Feb 1839 - 29
Jun 1959
|
-
- 29 Jun 1959 - 9
Aug 1960
|
-
- Adopted 9 Aug 1960
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Map
of Gabon
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Hear
National Anthem
"La Concorde"
(The Concord)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 17 Aug 1960
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Constitution
(14 Mar 1991; in
French)
|
Capital:
Libreville
(Fort-d'Aumale
1843-1849)
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Currency: Communauté
Financière
Africaine
Franc
(XAF) |
National
Holiday: 17 Aug (1960)
Jour de l'indépendance
(Independence Day)
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Population: 2,119,036
(2018) |
GDP: $36.6
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$5.56 billion (2017)
Imports: $2.82
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Gabonese-born 80.1% (includes Fang
23.2%,
Shira-Punu/Vili 18.9%, Nzabi-Duma
11.3%, Mbede-Teke 6.9%,
Myene 5%, Kota-Kele 4.9%,
Okande-Tsogo 2.1%, Pygmy 0.3%,
other 7.5%), Cameroonian 4.6%, Malian
2.4%, Beninese 2.1%,
acquired Gabonese nationality
1.6%, Togolese 1.6%, Senegalese
1.1%, Congolese (Brazzaville)
1%, other 5.5% (includes
Congolese [Kinshasa], Equatorial
Guinean, Nigerian) (2012)
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Total Armed
Forces: 4,700 (2010)
French Troops: 450
(2016)
Merchant marine:
27 ships (2017)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 42.3%, Protestant 12.3%,
other Christian 27.4%, Muslim 9.8%,
animist 0.6%, other 0.5%,
none/no answer 7.1% (2012)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA,
AfDB, APM, AU, BDEAC, BEAC, BTWC,
C, CEEAC, CEMAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR,
FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICCt, ICRM,
ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA,
NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OPEC,
UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
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Gabon
Index
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Chronology
9 Feb
1839
First transfer of sovereignty to
France
(French Gulf of Guinea settlements).
11 Jun
1843
French Gabon settlements (1854-1859
including
Gorée). Fort-d'Aumale
built by the French.
1 Nov
1854
Gorée, Gabon, and other French
settlements form
the Colony of Gorée and
Dependencies, headed by
the Commandant of the Naval Division
of the
Western Coasts of Africa.
26 Feb
1859
Gorée re-incorporated into Senegal;
the other
settlements continue to be
subordinated to the
Naval Division, now with its center at
Gabon.
4 Oct
1860
Gabon territory part of Ivory
Coast-Gabon
colony.
16 Dec
1883
French Gabon colony
27 Apr
1886
Part of French Congo (Gabon
territory)
(see Congo
[Brazzaville]).
11 Dec
1888
Part of Middle Congo-Gabon territory
30 Apr
1891
French Equatorial African Protectorate
renamed
French Congo.
5 Jul
1902
Gabon territory part of Lower
Congo-Gabon colony.
29 Dec
1903
Gabon colony
15 Jan
1910
Part of French Equatorial Africa (AEF)
colony
(see Congo
[Brazzaville]).
30 Jun 1934 - 31 Dec
1937 Gabon region within unitary
AEF colony.
31 Dec
1937
Gabon overseas territory of France
(part of AEF).
16 Jun 1940 - 12 Nov
1940 Administration loyal to
"Vichy" France
(from 12 Nov 1940, under "Free"
French).
27 Oct 1940 - 12 Nov
1940 Free French and Allied
forces invade Gabon
(Lambaréné taken 5 Nov 1940,
Libreville 10 Nov
1940, and Port-Gentil on 12 Nov 1940).
27 Oct
1946
Overseas territory of France (part of
AEF).
28 Nov
1958
Autonomy (Gabonese Republic)(République
Gabonaise).
28 Nov 1958 - 16 Aug
1960 Member State of the Communauté
(French Community).
17 Aug
1960
Independence from France.
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Gabon
and
Dependencies
(1839-1886)
|
Traditional States
Orungu
(1790-1927)
-------------------
Mpongwe
-------------------
Olamba
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Historical
Maps
of
Gabon |
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Commandants-particulier of Gabon and Gulf
of Guinea Settlements
(at Fort-d'Aumale, from 1849 Libreville)
18 Jun 1843 - 1843
Guillemain
1843 - 1844
Antoine
Devoisins
(b. 1808 - d. 1878)
1844
Jean-Marie Millet
(d. 1845)
1845 -
1846
André Brisset (1st
time)
(b. 1808 - d. 1876)
1846
Eugène Louis Hugues Méquet
(b. 1812 - d. 1887)
1846
Clément Grosjean
(b. 1811 - d. 1859)
1846 -
1847
Jean Carrilès
1847 -
1848
André Brisset (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
25 Mar 1848 -
1848
Adolphe Alexandre
Sourdeaux (b.
1819 - d. 1883)
3 Aug 1848 -
1848
Eugène Jean Antione
Desperles (b. 1819 - d.
1860)
Dec 1848 -
1849
Étienne Charles Deschanel
10 Aug 1849 -
1850
Jean-Auguste
Martin
(b. 1814 - d. 1882)
15 Dec 1850 -
1853
Alexis Édouard Vignon (1st time) (b. 1806 -
d. 1884)
1853 - 1856
Peters Théophile Guillet
(b. 1815 - d. ....)
1856 -
1859
Alexis Édouard Vignon (2nd time) (s.a.)
1859 -
1860
Pierre Alexandre
Mailhetard (b.
1822 - d. 1885)
4 Aug 1860 -
1861
César Charles Joseph Pradier
(b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1861 - 1863
Paul Claude Nicolas
Brüe
(b. 1808 - d. 1866)
1863 -
1866
Charles Ferdinand Eugène Baur
1866 -
1867
Joseph Henri
Brunet-Millet
(b. 1821 - d. 1885)
1867 -
1868
Hyacinthe Laurent Théophile Aube (b. 1826 -
d. 1890)
1868 -
1869
Frédéric Amable Bourgarel
(b. 1826 - d. 1897)
1869 -
1871
Hippolyte Adrien Bourgin
(b. 1826 - d. 1879)
1871 -
1873
Gustave Aristide Léopold Garraud (b. 1820 -
d. 1888)
1873 -
1875
Charles Henri Jules Panon
du (b. 1827 - d.
1897)
Hazier
1875 -
1876
Félix Ambroise
Clément
(b. 1822 - d. 1884)
1876 -
1879
Paul Michel Frédéric
Caudière (b. 1822 - d.
1887)
1879 -
1880
Augustin Ernest
Dumont
(b. 1835 - d. 1898)
1880 -
1881
Jules Émile
Hanet-Cléry
(b. 1833 - d. 1890)
1881 - 16 Dec
1883
Émile
Masson
(b. 1832 - d. 1912)
16 Dec 1883 -
1885
Jean Joseph Alfred Cornut-Gentille (b. 1839 - d. 1918)
1885 - 27 Apr
1886
Georges Élie
Pradier
(b. 1843 - d. 1912)
Governor
27 Apr 1886 - 29 Jun 1886 Pierre
Paul François Camille
(b. 1852 - d. 1905)
Savorgnan de Brazza
(= Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà)
Lieutenant governors
29 Jun 1886 - 12 Mar 1889 Noël Eugène
Ballay
(b. 1847 - d. 1902)
12 Mar 1889 - 1 Jun 1894 Fortuné Charles
de Chavannes (b. 1853 -
d. 1940)
1 Jun 1894 - 22 Jan 1899 Louis Henry
Albert
Dolisie
(b. 1856 - d. 1899)
1 May 1899 -
1902
Émile
Gentil
(b. 1866 - d. 1914)
21 Jan 1904 - 19 Apr 1905 Louis Auguste Bertrand
Ormières (b. 1851 - d. 1914)
19 Apr 1905 - 5 Aug 1905 Paul Jean
François Cousturier (b. 1849 - d.
1921)
(acting)
5 Aug 1905 - 27 Apr 1906 Alfred Louis
Fourneau (acting) (b. 1860 - d.
1930)
27 Apr 1906 - 23 Apr 1907 Charles Henri Adrien
Noufflard (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
(acting)
23 Apr 1907 - 26 Apr 1907 Alfred Albert
Martineau
(b. 1859 - d. 1945)
26 Apr 1907 - 20 Jan 1909 Édouard Émile Léon
Telle (acting) (b. 1859 - d. 1949)
20 Jan 1909 - 10 Feb 1909 Frédéric Claude Weber
(acting) (b. 1855 - d. 1910)
10 Feb 1909 - 9 Nov 1909 Charles Amédée
Rognon (acting) (b. 1861 - d.
1911)
9 Nov 1909 - Jun 1911
Léon Félix Richaud
(acting) (b.
1871 - d. 1944)
Jun 1911 - 21 Feb 1912 Georges
Virgile Poulet
(b. 1859 - d. 193.)
21 Feb 1912 - 18 Apr 1914 Paul Pierre Marie
Georges Adam (b. 1865 - d. 1916)
(acting)
18 Apr 1914 - 1 Jun 1917 Marie Casimir
Joseph
Guyon
(b. 1870 - d. 1942)
1 Jun 1917 - 12 Jun 1918 Georges Thomann
(acting)
(b. 1872 - d. 1943)
12 Jun 1918 - 30 Jun 1919 Maurice Pierre Lapalud
(b. 1868 - d.
1935)
30 Jun 1919 - 29 May 1922 Jean-Henri Marchand
(b. 1864 - d. 19..)
(acting to 13 Apr 1920)
29 May 1922 - 15 Jun 1923 Edmond Émilien Cadier
(acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
12 Jun 1923 - 29 Jul 1924 Louis
Nicolas Jean-Marie Cercus (b.
1871 - d. 1952)
(acting)
29 Jul 1924 - 19 Jun 1931 Marie
Joseph Jules Pierre Bernard (b. 1876 - d. 1950)
19 Jun 1931 - Nov
1931 Louis Vingarassamy (acting)
(b. 1880 - d. 1951)
Nov 1931 - 26 Sep
1934 Louis Alexis Étienne
Bonvin (b.
1886 - d. 1945)
Administrator-superior
26 Sep 1934 - 24 Oct 1936 Louis
Alexis Étienne
Bonvin (s.a.)
Governors-delegate
24 Oct 1936 - 11 Sep 1937 Louis
Alexis Étienne
Bonvin (s.a.)
11 Sep 1937 - 29 Aug 1938
Georges Hubert
Parisot
(b. 1887 - d. 1969)
29 Aug 1938 - 14 Nov 1940
Georges Pierre Masson
(b. 18.. - d. 1940)
(acting to 2 Nov 1939)
14 Nov 1940 - 15 Mar 1941 André Marie Jules
Parant (acting) (b. 1897 - d. 1941)
7 Mar 1941 - 26 Mar 1941 ....
(acting [for Parant to 15 Mar 1941])
Governors
26 Mar 1941 - 4 Jul 1941 Hubert Eugène
Paul Carras (acting) (b. 1890 - d. 1947)
4 Jul 1941 - 31 May 1942 Marie Louis Victor
Valentin-Smith (b. 1883 - d. 1965)
31 May 1942 - 26 Aug 1943 Charles André Maurice
Assier de (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
Pompignan
26 Aug 1943 - 19 Nov 1944 Paul
Vuillaume
(b. 1896 - d. 1975)
19 Nov 1944 - 28 Mar 1946 Numa Henri François
Sadoul
(b. 1906 - d. 1990)
(1st time) (acting)
28 Mar 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 Roland Joanes Louis
Pré
(b. 1907 - d. 1980)
31 Dec 1947 - 6 Apr 1949 Numa Henri
François
Sadoul
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
6 Apr 1949 - 19 Oct 1951 Pierre François
Pélieu
(b. 1906 - d. 1952)
(acting to 4 Jan 1950)
19 Oct 1951 - 25 Apr 1952 Charles Émile Hanin
(acting) (b. 1895 -
d. 1964)
25 Apr 1952 - 29 Jan 1958 Yves Jean
Digo
(b. 1897 - d. 1974)
29 Jan 1958 - Nov 1958 Louis
Marius Pascal
Sanmarco (b. 1912 -
d. 2009)
High Commissioners
Nov 1958 - Jul
1959 Louis
Marius Pascal
Sanmarco (s.a.)
Jul 1959 - 17 Aug 1960 Jean
Risterucci
(b. 1911 - d. 1982)
Presidents
17 Aug 1960 - 17 Feb 1964 Gabriel Léon M'ba (1st
time) (b. 1902 - d.
1967) BDG
(head of state to 21 Feb 1961)
17 Feb 1964 - 18 Feb 1964 Revolutionary
Committee
- Daniel
Mbene
(b. .... - d. 1969) Mil
- Jean-Valère Essone
Mil
- Jacques Mombo
(b. 1943)
Mil
- Daniel Ndo
Edou
(b. .... - d. 1964) Mil
18 Feb 1964 - 19 Feb 1964 Jean-Hilaire
Aubame
(b. 1912 - d. 1989) UDSG
(chief of Provisional Government)
19 Feb 1964 - 28 Nov 1967 Gabriel Léon M'ba (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
BDG
28 Nov 1967 - 8 Jun 2009 Albert-Bernard
Bongo
(b. 1935 - d. 2009) BDG;1968 PDG
(from 29 Sep 1973, Omar Bongo;
from 15 Nov 2003, Omar Bongo Ondimba)
6 May 2009 - 8 Jun 2009 Didjob Divungi
Di Ndinge
(b. 1946)
ADERE
(acting for Bongo)
10 Jun 2009 - 16 Oct 2009 Rose Francine Rogombé
(f)
(b. 1942 - d. 2015) PDG
(interim)
16 Oct 2009
-
Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba
(b. 1959)
PDG
15 Nov 2018 - 14 Jan 2019 Pierre Claver
Maganga-Moussavou (b.
1952)
PSD
(1st time)(acting for Bongo)
16 Jan 2019 - 25 Feb 2019 Pierre
Claver Maganga-Moussavou (s.a.)
PSD
(2nd time)(acting for Bongo)
Vice President of the Council of Government
21 May 1957 - 22 Sep 1958 Gabriel Léon
M'ba
(s.a.)
BDG
President of the Government Council
22 Sep 1958 - 28 Nov 1958 Gabriel Léon
M'ba
(s.a.)
BDG
Head of the Provisional Government
28 Nov 1958 - 27 Feb 1959 Gabriel Léon
M'ba
(s.a.)
BDG
Prime ministers
27 Feb 1959 - 21 Feb 1961 Gabriel Léon
M'ba
(s.a.)
BDG
21 Feb 1961 - 16 Apr 1975 Post
Abolished
16 Apr 1975 - 3 May 1990
Léon Mébiame M'ba
(b. 1934 - d. 2015) PDG
3 May 1990 - 2 Nov
1994 Casimir Marie
Oyé-M'ba
(b. 1942 - d. 2021) PDG
2 Nov 1994 - 23 Jan 1999
Paulin
Obame-Nguema
(b.
1934)
PDG
23 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2006
Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
(b.
1939)
PDG
20 Jan 2006 - 17 Jul 2009 Jean
Eyeghe
Ndong
(b.
1946)
PDG
17 Jul 2009 - 27 Feb 2012
Paul Biyoghé M'ba
(b. 1953)
PDG
27 Feb 2012 - 24 Jan 2014 Raymond Ndong
Sima
(b. 1955)
PDG
24 Jan 2014 - 29 Sep 2016 Daniel
Ona
Ondo
(b.
1945)
PDG
29 Sep 2016 - 15 Jan 2019
Franck Emmanuel Issoze Ngondet (b.
1961 - d. 2020) PDG
15 Jan 2019 - 22 Jul 2020 Julien Nkoghe Bekale
(b.
1958)
PDG
22 Jul 2020 -
Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda (f)(b.
1964) PDG
Territorial Disputes: UN urges
Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty
dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser
islands and to establish a maritime boundary in
hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay.
Party abbreviations: ADERE = Alliance
Démocratique et Républicaine (Democratic and Republican
Alliance, est.1990); PDG =
Parti Démocratique Gabonais (Gabonese Democratic Party,
authoritarian, conservative, former BDG,
1968-90 only legal party, est.Mar 1968);
PSD = Parti Social-Démocrate (Social Democratic Party,
est.1991); Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
BDG = Bloc Démocratique Gabonais
(Gabonese Democratic Bloc, 1953-Mar
1968, then PDG); UDSG = Union
Démocratique et Sociale Gabonaise (Gabonese Democratic
and Social Union, 1946-1968)
Gabon and Dependencies
9 Feb
1839
First transfer of sovereignty to France.
1 Nov
1854
Gorée, Gabon, and other
French settlements form
the Colony of Gorée and Dependencies, headed by
the Commandant of the Naval Division of the Western
Coasts
of
Africa (Division Navale des Côtes
Occidentales d'Afrique).
26 Feb
1859
Gorée is re-incorporated into Senegal; the other
settlements continue to be subordinated to the
Naval Division, now with its center at Gabon.
27 Apr
1886
Part of French Congo.
Commandants of the Naval Division of the Western
Coasts of Africa
9 Feb 1839 - 1842
Louis Édouard
Bouët (1st time) (b. 1808 - d. 1871)
21 Sep 1842 - 1843
Auguste Laurent François Baudin
(b. 1800 - d. 1877)
(1st time)
30 Jul 1843 -
1845
Louis Édouard Bouët (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(from 1844, Louis Édouard Bouët-Willaumez)
19 Jul 1845 - 22 May 1848 Jean-Baptiste
Montagniès de la (b. 1793 - d.
1862)
Roque
22 May 1848 - 1848
Auguste
Laurent François Baudin (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Sep 1848 - 1850
Louis Édouard
Bouët-Willaumez (s.a.)
(3rd time)
13 Feb 1850 - 1851
Charles
Pénaud
(b. 1800 - d. 1864)
19 Oct 1851 -
1854
Auguste Laurent François Baudin (s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Feb 1854 - 31 Jan 1856 Jérôme Félix
Monléon
(b. 1798 - d. 1856)
31 Jan 1856 - 1859 Auguste
Léopold
Protet
(b. 1808 - d. 1862)
19 Feb 1859 -
1861
Auguste
Bosse
(b. 1809 - d. 1891)
22 Jul 1861 -
1863
Octave François Charles, baron
(b. 1812 - d. 1886)
Didelot
16 Aug 1863 -
1866
André Émile Léon Laffon de Ladébat (b. 1807 - d. 1874)
1866 -
1868
Alphonse Jean René,
vicomte (b.
1809 - d. 1881)
Fleuriot de Langle
1868 -
1869
Alexandre François
Dauriac
(b. 1812 - d. 1878)
1869 -
1870
Victor Auguste, baron
Duperré (b. 1825 - d.
1900)
1870 -
1872
Siméon
Bourgeois
(b. 1815 - d. 1887)
1872 -
1874
Antoine Louis Marie Le Couriault (b. 1815 -
d. 1877)
de Quillio
1874 -
1875
Charles Henri Jules Panon
du (b. 1827 - d.
1897)
Hazier
1875 -
1877
Amédée Louis
Ribourt
(b. 1821 - d. 1893)
1877 -
1879
François Hippolyte
Allemand (b.
1820 - d. 1895)
1879 -
1881
Adolphe Lucien
Mottez
(b. 1822 - d. 1892)
1881 - 24 Jan
1883
Louis Antoine Richild, baron
(b. 1827 - d. 1883)
Grivel
1884 -
1886
Jules Marie Armand Cavelier de
(b. 1834 - d. 1912)
Cuverville
Traditional States
Orungu
Note: There is a large number of very
minor traditional states (like Mpongwe and Olamba), with
very fragmentary records. Orungu is the only
major polity.
bf.1700
Orungu kingdom founded.
1927
Kingdom extinguished by French colonial government.
Rulers (title Agamwinboni)
c.1700 - c.1730
Reto Ndongo
(b. c.1670 - d. c.1730)
c.1730 - 17..
Ndebulia Mbura
(b. c.1700 - d. ....)
17.. - c.1750
Renjangue Ndongo
(b. c.1700 - d.
c.1750)
c.1750
Renkondje
(b. c.1730 - d. ....)
c.1750 - 1790
Ngwerangu'Iwono
(b. c.1730 - d. ....)
1790
Ndombe
1790 - 1810
Reombi "Mpolo" (or Renwombi)
(b. c.1760 - d. 18..)
1810 -
1840
Ogul'Issogwe (Rogombe) "Mpolo"
(Pasol)
1840 - 1862
Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" (Pascal)
1862 -
1865
Ndebulia-Rogombe
1865 -
1882
Ncege (Ntchengue or Ranyonyuna)
1882 -
....
Avonowanga
.... -
1927
Rogombe-Mentchandi
(d. 1927)
Mpongwe
Rulers (title Oga)
1839 - 1876
Denis I Anchuwe Koke Rapoutchombo
(b. 1790 - d. 1876)
1876 - 1884
Felix Adende Rapontchombo
(b. 1844 - d. 1911)
(1st time)
1884 - 1900
Denis II (1st time)
1900 - 1905
Felix Adende Rapontchombo
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1905 - 1927
Denis II (2nd time)
Olamba
Rulers (title Aguekaza)
1839 - 1848
Glass Noama
1848 - ....
Govern
.... - ....
Tom Case
.... - ....
Will Glass
© Ben Cahoon
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