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![[French
Flag]](fr.gif "[French Flag]")
![[Haitian rebellion flag
1790-1791]](hai_1800.gif "[Haitian
rebellion flag 1790-1791]")
![[Haiti
Flag 1803-1804]](ht-1803.gif "[Haiti Flag
1803-1804]")
![[Haiti
Flag 1804-1805]](ht-1806.gif "[Haiti Flag
1804-1805]")
![[Haiti
Flag 1805-1806]](ht-1805.gif "[Haiti Flag
1805-1806]")
![[Haiti State flag of c.1810 -
1849 and 1859 - 1964]](haiti1822.gif "[Haiti
State flag of c.1810 - 1849 and 1859
- 1964]")
![[Haiti
State Flag, 1849-1859]](ht-1849.gif "[Haiti State Flag,
1849-1859]")
![[Haiti
State flag, 1964-1986]](ht-st64.gif "[Haiti State flag,
1964-1986]")
![[Haiti
Civil Flag, 1964-1986]](ht-64.gif "[Haiti Civil Flag,
1964-1986]")
![[Haiti State flag]](ht-state.gif "[Haiti State flag]")
English Governors of Tortuga
1631 - 21 Jan
1634
Anthony Hilton
(d. 1634)
1635
Nicholas Riskinner (Reiskimmer) (d.
1635)
1639 -
1640
Robert Flood
18 Feb 1654 - 8 Aug 1655 Spanish occupation
1656 - c.Apr 1660
Elias
Watts
French Governors of Île de la Tortue
Aug 1640 - Jul 1652
François Levasseur, seigneur de
(d. 1652)
René-de-Boisdouflet et des Lettres
1652 - 18 Feb
1654
Louis d'Ache, chevalier de Fontenay
18 Feb 1654 - 8 Aug 1655 Spanish occupation
28 Nov 1656 -
1662 Jérémie
Deschamps, chevalier, (b. 1610 - d.
1670)
seigneur du Monsac et
du Rausset
1662 - Jun
1665
Frédéric Deschamps de La Place
(acting)
Jun 1665 -
1668
Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron, sieur (b. 1613 -
d. 1676)
de
la Bouère (1st time)
1668 - Jun
1669
Jacques Nepveu de Pouancé,
(d. 1685)
sieur de Pouancé (1st time)
(acting)
Jun 1669 - Feb
1673 Bertrand
Denis d'Ogeron, sieur (s.a.)
de la Bouère (2nd time)
Apr
1673
Jerôme du Sarrat, sieur de La
Pierrière (acting)
Apr 1673 - Sep 1675
Bertrand Denis d'Ogeron, sieur
(s.a.)
de
la Bouère (3rd time)
Sep 1675 - Aug
1676
Pierre-Paul Tarin, sieur de Cussy (d. 1691)
(1st time) (acting)
Aug 1676 - 1681
Jacques Neveu de Pouancé,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouancé (2nd time)
1681 - Apr 1682
François de Pardieu de
Franquesnay
(acting)
May 1682 - 30 Sep 1683
Jacques Nepveu de Pouancé,
(s.a.)
sieur de Pouancé (3rd time)
1683 - Apr 1684
Jacques de Pardieu de Franquesnay
(d. 1691)
(acting)
Apr 1684 - Jan
1691
Pierre-Paul Tarin, sieur de Cussy
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
Jan 1691 - Oct
1691
Jean-Jacques Dumas (acting)
(d. 1695)
1 Oct 1691 - Mar 1697
Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (1st time)
(b. 1646 - d. 1715)
Mar 1697 - May
1697 Jacques
Yvon, sieur des Landes
(b. 1645 - d. 1698)
(acting)
May 1697 - Jun
1697 comte de
Boisramé (acting)
(d. 1698)
Governors of
Saint-Domingue
Jun 1697 - 1699
Jean-Baptiste Ducasse (2nd time)
(s.a.)
9 May 1699 -
1700
Joseph de Bouloc, seigneur de La (b. 16.. -
d. 1708)
Mothe
Jul 1700 - 16 Dec 1703
Joseph d'Honon de
Gallifet
(b. 1655 - d. 1706)
(acting)
16 Dec 1703 - 13 Feb
1705 Charles
Auger
(b. 1640 - d. 1705)
13 Oct 1705 - 28 Dec
1707 Jean-Pierre de Charitte (1st time) (b. 1658 -
d. 1723)
(acting)
28 Dec 1707 -
1710
François Joseph, comte
de
(b. 1650 - d. 1711)
Choiseul-Beauprés
1710 - 7 Feb
1711
Jean-Pierre de Charitte (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Feb 1711 - 24 May
1711 Laurent de
Valernod
(b. 1669 - d. 1711)
24 May 1711 - 29 Aug
1712 Gabriel Jean Nicolas de Gabaret,
(b. 1641 - d. 1712)
seigneur de Saint-Sornin
29 Aug 1712 -
1713
Paul François de La
Grange, (b.
c.1670 - d. 1745)
comte d'Arquian
1713
Jean-Joseph de Paty
(b. 1664 - d. 1723)
(at Petit Goâve)
1713 - Jan
1714
Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac, (b. 16.. - d. 1722)
marquis de Contré
Governors-general
Jan 1714 - 11 Jan 1717
Louis de Courbon, comte de Blénac, (s.a.)
marquis de Contré
11 Jan 1717 - 10 Jul 1719 Joseph Charles
Joubert de la (b. c.1658 - d.
1722)
Bastide, marquis de Châteaumorand
10 Jul 1719 - 6 Dec 1723 Léon,
marquis de
Sorel
(b. 1655 - d. 1743)
6 Dec 1723 - 8 Oct
1731 Gaspard Charles de Goussé,
(b. 1670 - d. 1748)
chevalier de La Rochallart
8 Oct 1731 - 4 Feb
1732 Antoine Gabriel, marquis de Vienne (b. c.1678
- d. 1732)
de Busserolles
4 Feb 1732 - 8 Oct
1732 Étienne Cochard du Pernot
de (d. c.1749)
Chastenoy (1st time) (acting)
8 Oct 1732 - 11 Aug 1737
Pierre, marquis de
Fayet
(b. 1675 - d. 1737)
Aug 1737 - 11 Nov 1737
Étienne Cochard du Pernot de
(s.a.)
Chastenoy (2nd time) (acting)
11 Nov 1737 - 19 Nov 1746 Charles de
Brunier, marquis
(b. 1687 - d. 1746)
de Larnage
19 Nov 1746 - 12 Aug 1748 Étienne Cochard
du Pernot de (s.a.)
Chastenoy (3rd time) (acting)
12 Aug 1748 - 29 Mar 1751 Hubert de
Brienne, comte
de (b. 1690 -
d. 1777)
Conflans
29 Mar 1751 - 31 May 1753 Emmanuel
Auguste de Cahideux du (b. 1683 - d.
1764)
Bois de Lamothe
31 May 1753 - 24 Mar 1757 Joseph
Hyacinthe de
Rigaud, (b.
1706 - d. 1764)
marquis de Vaudreuil
24 Mar 1757 - 30 Jul 1762 Philippe
François
Bart
(b. 1706 - d. 1784)
30 Jul 1762 - 7 Mar 1763 Gabriel de
Bory de Saint-Vincent (b. 1720 - d. 1801)
7 Mar 1763 - 4 Aug
1763 Armand, vicomte de
Belzunce (b.
1722 - d. 1763)
4 Aug 1763 - 23 Apr 1764
Pierre André de Gohin,
comte (b. 1722 - d.
1796)
de Montreuil (acting)
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 Jean
Baptiste Charles
Henri, (b. 1729 - d.
1794)
comte d'Estaing
1 Jul 1766 - 10 Feb 1769
Louis Armand Constantin de Rohan, (b. 1730 - d.
1794)
prince de Montbazon
10 Feb 1769 - 15 Jan 1772 Pierre Gédéon,
comte de Nolivos (b. 1715 - d. 1795)
15 Jan 1772 - 30 Apr 1772 De la Ferronays
(acting)
30 Apr 1772 - 15 Apr 1775 Louis Florent,
marquis de Valière (b. 1719 - d. 1775)
12 May 1775 - 16 Aug 1775 Jean-François,
comte de Reynaud (b. 1731 - d. 1812)
de Villeverd (1st time) (acting)
16 Aug 1775 - 13 Dec 1776 Victor Thérèse
Charpentier,
(b. 1732 - d. 1776)
comte d'Ennery
28 Dec 1776 - 22 May 1777 Jean-Baptiste
de Tastes de
Lilancour (1st time) (acting)
22 May 1777 - 7 Mar 1780 Robert,
comte
d'Argout
(b. 1724 - d. 1780)
7 Mar 1780 - 25 Apr 1780
Jean-Baptiste de Tastes de
Lilancour (2nd time) (acting)
25 Apr 1780 - 28 Jul 1781 Jean-François,
comte de Reynaud (s.a.)
de Villeverd (2nd time)
28 Jul 1781 - 14 Feb 1782 Jean-Baptiste
de Tastes de
Lilancour (3rd time) (acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 3 Jul 1785 Guillaume
Léonard de Bellecombe, (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
seigneur de Teirac
3 Jul 1785 - 27 Apr 1786
Gui Pierre de Coustard (acting) (b. 1724 -
d. 1793)
27 Apr 1786 - Nov 1787
César Henri, comte de La Luzerne (b. 1737 -
d. 1799)
Nov 1787 - 22 Dec 1788
Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(b. 1735 - d. 1808)
(1st time) (acting)
22 Dec 1788 -
1789
Marie Charles, marquis du Chilleau (b. 1734 - d. 1794)
1789
Alexandre de Vincent de Mazade
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
19 Aug 1789 - Nov 1790
Louis Antoine
Thomassin,
(b. 1731 - d. 1809)
comte de Peynier
9 Nov 1790 -
1792
Philibert François Rouxel
de (b. 1735 - d.
1793)
Blanchelande
29 Nov 1791 - 1 Apr 1792 Frédéric
de Mirbeck -Commissioner (b.
1732 - d. 1818)
29 Nov 1791 - 18 Sep 1792 Philippe-Rose
Roume de Saint- (b. 1724 - d. 1804)
Laurent -Commissioner (1st
time)
1792
Adrien Nicolas, marquis de
la (b. 1735 - d. 1816)
Salle, comte d'Offémont
17 Sep 1792 - 23 Oct 1792 Jean Jacques
d'Esparbès de Lussan (b. 1720 - d. 1810)
23 Oct 1792 - 2 Jan 1793 Donatien
Marie Joseph de Vimeur, (b. 1755 - d. 1813)
comte de Rochambeau (1st time)
2 Jan 1793 - 14 Jun 1794
Léger Félicité
Sonthonax
(b. 1763 - d. 1813)
(1st time) -Commissioner
+ Étienne Polverel -Commissioner (b.
1738 - d. 1795)
19 Jun 1793 - Oct 1793 François
Galbaud du
Fort
(b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Oct 1793 - 11 May 1796
Étienne Maynaud
Bizefranc,
(b. 1751 - d. 1828)
comte de Laveaux
11 May 1796 - 24 Aug 1797 Léger Félicité
Sonthonax
(s.a.)
(2nd time) -Commissioner
1 Apr 1797 - 5 May
1802 Pierre François
Dominique
(b. 1743? - d. 1803)
Toussaint-Louverture
27 Mar 1798 - 23 Oct 1798 Gabriel Marie
Théodore-Joseph (b. 1755 -
d. 1825)
Hédouville -Commissioner
Oct 1798 - Nov
1800
Philippe-Rose Roume de Saint- (s.a.)
Laurent -Commissioner (2nd
time)
14 Jan 1801 - 1803?
François Jacques Lequoy
de (b. 1748 - d. 1804)
Mongiraud -Prefect
5 Feb 1802 - 2 Nov
1802 Charles Victor Emmanuel
Leclerc (b. 1772 - d. 1802)
2 Nov 1802 - 30 Nov 1803
Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur,
comte de Rochambeau (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806)
Intendants of Justice, Police and
Finances of the French Colony of Saint-Domingue
1682 - May 1685
Michel Bégon de la
Picardière (b. 1638 - d.
1710)
(intendant aux Îles d'Amérique)
20 Aug 1692 - 169. Boyer
(écrivain principal de la
marine,
trésorier de la Marine à Saint-Domingue)
1696 - Feb
1705
Marie
(écrivain principal de la
marine)
13 Feb 1705 - 5 Oct 1707 André
Bourreau-Deslandes
(b. 1669 - d. 1707)
(commissaire ordonnateur)
5 Oct 1707 - 15 Feb 1708
Mercier
(commissaire ordonnateur)
15 Feb 1708 -
1708 de
Verninac
(commissaire ordonnateur)
2 Oct 1708 - 6 May
1720 Jean-Jacques Mithon de Senneville (b.
1669 - d. 1737)
(commissaire
ordonnateur from to 9 Aug 1718)
6 May 1720 - 18 Mar 1722
Jean-Baptiste Dubois Duclos
(d. 1737)
(1st
time) (acting)
18 Mar 1722 - 17 Dec 1725 François de
Montholon
(d. 1725)
17 Dec 1725 - 20 May 1726 de Godemart
(d. 1726)
(commissaire ordonnateur)
May 1726 - 19 Dec
1726 Jean-Pierre Tesson de
Saint-Aubin
19 Dec 1726 - 30 Jan 1736 Jean-Baptiste
Dubois Duclos (s.a.)
(2nd time)(commissaire-général)
6 Feb 1730 - 19 Oct 1730 Jean-Pierre
Tesson de Saint-Aubin
(acting for Duclos)
30 Jan 1736 - 19 Nov 1737 Daniel Henri de
Besset, (b.
1705 - d. 1737)
seigneur de la Chapelle Milon
1737 - 24 Dec
1738
Pierre de Sartre de Vacquerolles (d. 1738)
1738 - 7 Jan
1751
Simon-Pierre Maillart
(b. 1690 - d. 1758)
7 Jan 1751 - 19 Dec 1758
Jean-Baptiste Laporte de Lalanne (b. c.1708 - d.
1758)
Dec 1758 - 7 Mar
1760 Joseph Elias (acting)
7 Mar 1760 - 1 Dec 1760 Jean
Joseph Peyrat (acting) (b.
1707 - d. 1794)
1 Dec 1760 - 28 Dec 1763 Jean
Étienne Bernard Ogier de (b. 1729 -
d. 1776)
Clugny,
baron de Nuits
23 Apr 1764 - 1 Jul 1766 René
Magon
(b. 1722 - d. 1778)
1 Jul 1766 - 17 Jun 1771 Alexandre Jacques
de Bongars, (b. 1719 - d.
1787)
chevalier
de Bongars (1st time)
17 Jun 1771 - 15 Apr 1774 Jean-François Vincent de
(b. 1730 - d. 1783)
Montarcher
15 Apr 1774 - 21 Jun 1780 Jean-Baptiste Guillemin
de Vaivre (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
21 Jun 1780 - 14 Feb 1782 Joseph Alexandre Le
Brasseur (b. 1745 - d. 1794)
(acting)
14 Feb 1782 - 9 Apr 1785 Alexandre Jacques
de Bongars, (s.a.)
chevalier
de Bongars (2nd time)
9 Apr 1785 - 28 Oct 1789 François
Barbé-Marbois, marquis (b. 1745 - d. 1837)
de
Barbé-Marbois
1790 - 1791
Vincent-René de Proisy
(Proissy)(acting)
(commissaire des colonies)
British Occupied Saint-Domingue
![[Great Britian flag of 1606]](gb-1606.gif "[Great Britian flag of 1606]")
Military Governors
19 Sep 1793 - May 1795 John
Whitelock
(b. 1757 - d. 1833)
May 1795 - Mar
1796 Adam
Williamson
(b. 1736 - d. 1798)
Mar 1796 - Mar 1796 Gordon
Forbes
(b. 1738 - d. 1828)
Mar 1797 - Jul 1797
John Graves
Simcoe
(b. 1752 - d. 1806)
Jul 1797 - Apr 1798
John
Whyte
(b. 1741? - d. 1816)
Apr 1798 - 2 Oct 1798 Thomas
Maitland
(b. 1759 - d. 1824)
Note: Haiti was split de facto between a "North" and a "South" government from 28 Dec 1806 to 26 Oct 1820. This is shown below as an overlap of two polities, the first called Haiti (North), from independence (1804) to the death of King Henri I (1820); the second, Haiti, from 1806 to the present (South to 1820). There were also several short-lived secessions of parts of the country; these are listed at the end of this record.
|
|
|
![[Kingdom of
Haiti State Flag of 1806-1820]](ht-1811.gif "[Kingdom of Haiti State Flag of
1806-1820]")
| Map
of Haiti 1806-08 and Map of Haiti 1808-20 |
Constitutions
(17 Feb 1807 - 6 Apr 1811) (6 Apr 1811 - 8 Oct 1820) |
Capital:
Cap-Henri (Cap-Haïtien) 1811-1820; Milot 1806-1811; Port-au-Prince 1804-1806 |
1 Jan 1804
Declaration of independence issued
on behalf of
Armée Indigène is proclaimed at Gonaïves.
1 Jan
1804
Haiti (Haïti).
8 Oct
1804
Empire of Haiti (Empire d'Haïti).
17 Oct
1806
Haiti (Haïti).
28 Dec
1806
Henry Christophe is elected to the office President of
Haiti
in
République d'Haïti; he did not take office and attempted
to
destroy that polity.
17 Feb
1807
State of Haiti (État d'Haïti).
28 Mar
1811
Kingdom of Haiti (Royaume d'Haïti).
8 Oct
1820
Extinction of the state.
26 Oct
1820
Incorporated into Republic of Haiti.
Governor-general¹
1 Jan 1804 - 8 Oct 1804 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines
(b. 1758 - d. 1806) Mil
Emperor¹
8 Oct 1804 - 17 Oct 1806
Jacques
I
(s.a.)
Provisional Chief of the Haitian
Government
17 Oct 1806 - 17 Feb 1807 Henry
Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820) Mil
(accepts nomination 23 Oct 1806)
President and Generalissimo
17 Feb 1807 - 28 Mar 1811 Henry
Christophe
(s.a.)
Mil
King¹
28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820
Henri
I
(s.a.)
¹The style of the rulers:
1 Jan 1804 - 8 Oct 1804:
gouverneur-général à vie de l'île d'Haïti
("Governor-general for Life of the Island of
Haiti"), used the style gouverneur-général in
legal documents.;
8 Oct 1804 - 17 Oct 1806: Empereur
d'Haïti et chef suprême de l'armée par la grâce de
Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état
("Emperor of Haiti and Supreme Chief of the Army by the
Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State");
17 Oct 1806 - 17 Feb 1807:
chef provisoire du gouvernement haïtien ("Provisional
Chief of the Haitian Government"), accepts the
nomination 23 Oct 1807, using the style chef du
gouvernement;
17 Feb 1807 - 28 Mar 1811: Président
et généralissime des forces de terre et de mer
d'Haïti ("President and Generalissimo of the
Land and Sea Forces of Haiti");
28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820: Par la grâce
de Dieu et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi
d'Haïti ("By the Grace of God and the
Constitutional Law of the State, King of Haiti").
Haiti
27 Dec
1806
Republic of Haiti (République d'Haïti).
28 Dec 1806
Henry Christophe is elected President of
Haiti, but did not take
office
(his appointment lapses on 12 Jan 1807 and he is
deprived of all civil and military functions by the
Senate
on 27
Jan 1807).
27 Jan 1843 - 1 Mar 1846 Haitian Republic (République
Haïtienne).
26 Aug
1849
Empire of Haiti (Empire d'Haïti).
22 Dec 1858
Republic of Haiti (République d'Haïti = [from 28
Apr 1987]
Repiblik d Ayiti).
Presidents
28 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807 Henri
Christophe
(b. 1767 - d. 1820) Mil
(does not accept or take office,
appointment lapsed on 12 Jan 1807)
19 Jan 1807 - 10 Mar 1807 Bruno Blanchet aîné
(acting) (b. 1760 - d.
1822)
(Secretary of State)
10 Mar 1807 - 9 Mar 1811 Anne-Alexandre
Sabès, dit Pétion (b. 1770 - d. 1818)
Mil
"Papa Bon Coeur" (1st time)
9 Mar 1811 - 10 Mar 1811 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1855) Mil
(acting)(Administrator-general of Finances)
10 Mar 1811 - 9 Mar 1815 Anne-Alexandre
Sabès, dit Pétion (s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
9 Mar 1815 - 10 Mar 1815 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mil
(acting)
10 Mar 1815 - 29 Mar 1818 Anne-Alexandre Sabès,
dit Pétion
(s.a.)
Mil
(3rd time)
29 Mar 1818 - 1 Apr 1818 Jean-Chrysostôme
Imbert (3rd time) (s.a.)
Mil
(acting)(Secretary of State)
1 Apr 1818 - 14 Mar 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer
(b. 1776 - d.
1850) Mil
14 Mar 1843 - 17 Mar 1843 André Pilié
(Provisional Secretary of State)
14 Mar 1843 - 17 Mar 1843 Provisional
Popular Committee of Port-au-Prince
(alternate municipal authority)
- Auguste Brouard
(b. 18.. - d. 1845) Mil
- J.-B. Courty
- P.-H. Jeanton
- Daret
- Merlet
- Auguste Louis-Charles Émile
Nau (b. 1812 - d. 1860)
- Louis Lilavois
(b.c.1789 - d. 18..) Mil
19 Mar 1843 - 21 Mar 1843 Jean-Joseph
Dieudonné
Mil
(President of
Popular Committee of Port-au-Prince)
10 Mar 1843 - 4 Apr 1843 Charles Hérard
aîné, dit Rivière (b. 1787 - d. 1850)
Mil
Hérard (1st time)(Chief of Execution of
the
Sovereign will of the People and of its
Resolutions, in rebellion 27 Jan - 21 Mar 1843)
4 Apr 1843 - 4 Jan 1844
Provisional Government
- Jean-Chrysostôme Imbert
(s.a.)
Mil
- Jean-Auguste Voltaire
(b. 1761 - d. 1843)
(to 22 Jul 1843)
- Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe
(b. 1757 - d. 1845) Mil
Guerrier
- Victorin Nolasque Segrétier
Mil
- Charles
Hérard aîné, dit Riviére
(s.a.)
Mil
Hérard (responsible for chairing
the deliberations from 17 Apr 1843)
- Lazarre (from
19 Aug 1843)
Mil
4 Jan 1844 - 3 May
1844 Charles Hérard aîné, dit Riviére
(s.a.)
Mil
Hérard (2nd time)
5 Apr 1844 - 24 Jun 1844 Louis Jean-Jacques
Acaau
(d.
1846)
Mil
(General Chief of Citizens Grievances;
in
rebellion)
3 May 1844 - 15 Apr 1845 Jean-Jacques
Louis Philippe
(s.a.)
Mil
Guerrier
(from 26 Apr 1844, in dissidence
as
President of the Department of North)
15 Apr 1845 - 3 May 1845 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Jacques-Sylvain Hyppolite,
(b. 1784 - d. 1857)
dit Gelin
(president of the council)
- Alexis Beaubrun
Ardouin
(b. 1796 - d. 1865)
- Jean M. Paul
(b. 1800 - d.
1872)
- Gui Ann Léon Détré
3 May 1845 - 1 Mar 1846
Jean-Louis Michel Pierrot
(b. 1765 - d. 1857) Mil
(continues
in dissidence to 24 Mar 1846)
1 Mar 1846 - 27 Feb 1847 Jean-Baptiste
Riché
(b. 1776 - d. 1847) Mil
27 Feb 1847 - 2 Mar 1847 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Charles Nicolas Céligny Ardouin (b. 1801 - d.
1849)
- Bertrand Aléxis Borgia Dupuy (b. 1814 -
d. ....)
- Gui Ann Léon Détré
- Alphonse Larochel
2 Mar 1847 - 26 Aug 1849 Faustin Éli
Soulouque
(b. 1782 - d. 1867) Mil
Emperor¹
26 Aug 1849 - 15 Jan 1859 Faustin
I
(s.a.)
Presidents
15 Jan 1859 - 13 Mar 1867 Fabre Nicolas
Guillaume Geffrard (b. 1806 - d.
1879) Mil
(President of the Revolutionary Committee
[in rebellion from 23 Dec 1858],
at Gonaïves, to 20 Jan 1859)
13 Mar 1867 - 20 Mar 1867 Council of
Secretaries of State
-
Exilien
Heurtelou
(b. 1814 - d. 1869)
- J.-J.
Saint-Victor
-
Jean-Baptiste Symphor Linstant (b. 1812
- d. 1884)
de Pradines
-
Dorfeuil (Darfeuil) Laborde
-
Septimus Rameau
(b. 1826 - d. 1876)
Mil
20 Mar 1867 - 2 May 1867 Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget
(b. 1810 - d. 1880) Mil
(1st time)
(President of Provisional Government)
2 May 1867 - 3 May 1867 Provisional
Government
- Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget (s.a.)
Mil
- Victor Jean-Marie
Eustache (b. 1815 -
d. 1869)
Chevallier, dit Victorin
Chevallier
- Sylvain
Salnave
(b. 1826 - d. 1870) Mil
3 May 1867 - 27 Dec 1869 Sylvain
Salnave
(s.a.)
Mil
(Protector of the Republic to 16 Jun 1867;
then
provsional President to 14 Jun 1867)
(abandons Port-au-Prince 19 Dec 1869)
27 Dec 1869 - 14 May 1874 Jean Nicholas
Nissage-Saget
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
(president of Provisional Government to 20 Mar 1870)
14 May 1874 - 14 Jun 1874 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Saül Liautaud
- Joseph Lamothe
(d. 1891)
Mil
- Jean Octavius Rameau
- Raoul Excellent
14 Jun 1874 - 15 Apr 1876 Michel
Domingue
(b. 1813 - d. 1877) Mil
15 Apr 1876 - 23 Apr 1876 B. Rivière
(president of
the Revolutionary Committee
of
the District of Port-au-Prince)
23 Apr 1876 - 19 Jul 1876 Provisional
Government
- Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal (b. 1832 - d.
1905) PL
- Jean-Louis
Hyppolite
- Louis
Tanis
aîné
Mil + PN
- Antoine-Louis
Audain, dit Louis (b. 1828 - d. 1896) PL
Audain père
-
Monbrun Arnoux
19 Jul 1876 - 17 Jul 1879 Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
PL
(1st time)
18 Jul 1879 - 26 Jul 1879 Pierre Charles
Barthélemy (s.a.)
Denis, dit Darius Denis
(president of Public Order Committee
of the Capital)
26 Jul 1879 - 26 Oct 1879 Provisional
Government
- Hériston
(Hérisson)
Hérissé
Mil + PN
(to 3 Oct 1879)
- Paul
Tirésias Antoine Auguste (b. 1835 -
d. 1916) PN
Simon-Sam
- Adelson
Douyon (to 3 Oct 1879)
(b.c.1793 - d. 18..)
(ci-devant baron Douyon)
- Joseph Lamothe (to 3 Oct 1879)
(s.a.)
Mil
- Diogène
Serres (to 3 Oct 1879)
- Louis
Étienne Félicité Lysius
(b. 1815 - d. 1888) PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon
jeune
(from 3 Oct 1879)
(president)
- Richelieu
Duperval
Mil + PN
(from 3
Oct 1879)
- Louis
Mondestin Florvil (b.
1827 - d. 1896) Mil
Hyppolite (1st time)
(from 3
Oct 1879)
- Séïde
Thélémaque (1st time) (b.c.1826 - d.
1888) Mil + PN
(from
3 Oct 1879)
- Numa
Jean-Auguste Laurent Rigaud (b.c.1799 - d. 1880)
(from 3
Oct 1879)
- Surpris
Laurent (from 3 Oct 1879)
26 Oct 1879 - 10 Aug 1888 Louis Étienne Félicité
Lysius (s.a.)
PN
Salomon, dit Lysius Salomon jeune
27 Mar 1883 - 27 Oct 1883 Charles Jean-Pierre
Bazelais, (b. 1836 - d.
1884) PL
dit Jean-Pierre Boyer-Bazelais
(Chief Executive of the Central Revolutionary Committee;
in
dissidence)
10 Aug 1888 - 24 Aug 1888
Pierre-Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
PL
(exercising executive authority in Port-au-Prince)
24 Aug 1888 - 1 Sep 1888 Provisional
Government
- Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
PL
- Séïde
Thélémaque (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mil +
PN
-
François Déus Légitime, dit
(b. 1841 - d. 1935) PN
François Denys Légitime
- Ultimo
Saint-Amand
(b.c.1818 - d. 1876)
- Louis
Mondestin Florvil
(s.a.)
Mil
Hyppolite (2nd time)
-
Étienne Erystale Claude
(b. c.1850 - d. 1918)
- Pierre-Charles
Amilton Archin (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
1 Sep 1888 - 16 Oct 1888 Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
(President of Provisional Government)
16 Oct 1888 - 22 Aug 1889 François Déus
Légitime, dit
(s.a.)
PN
François Denys Légitime
(Chief of Executive Power to 18 Dec 1888)
23 Aug 1889 - 24 Mar 1896 Louis
Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite (s.a.)
Mil+PL
(from 27 Nov 1888 provisional president, in
dissidence;
provisional president to 17 Oct 1889)
24 Mar 1896 - 1 Apr 1896 Council of
Secretaries of State
- Paul Tirésias Antoine Auguste (s.a.)
Mil
Simon-Sam
- Jean Antoine Tancrède Auguste (b.
1856 - d. 1913) PL
- Pourcely Faine
- Jean-Baptiste Callisthènes A. (b.
1840 - d. 1915) PL
Fouchard
- Louis-Philippe Thimocles Labidou (b. 1847 -
d. 1898)
1 Apr 1896 - 13 May 1902 Paul Tirésias
Antoine Auguste
(s.a.)
PN
Simon-Sam
13 May 1902 - 18 Dec 1902
Pierre-Théoma
Boisrond-Canal
(s.a.)
PL
(3rd time)
(President of Committee of Public Safety to 26
May 1902,
then
President of the Provisional Government)
4 Aug 1902 - 15 Oct 1902 Joseph Anténor
Firmin
(b. 1850 - d. 1911) PL
(President of Executive Council of
Artibonite and the Northwest; in rebellion)
18 Dec 1902 - 2 Dec 1908 Pierre Nord
Alexis
(b. 1820 - d. 1910) Mil+PN
(Chief of Executive Power to 23 Dec 1902)
2 Dec 1908 - 6 Dec 1908 Louis-Auguste
Boisrond-Canal, dit (b. 1874 - d. 1940) Mil
Boisrond-Canal jeune
(President of Commission
for Maintenance of Law and Order)
6 Dec 1908 - 2 Aug 1911 François C.
Antoine "A.T." Simon (b. 1844 - d.
1923) PL
(Chief of Executive Power to 20 Dec 1908)
21 Jul 1911 - 8 Aug 1912 Jean-Jacques
Dessalines Michel (b. 1854 - d.
1912) PN
Cincinnatus Leconte
(Supreme Chief of the Revolution to 5 Aug 1911;
Chief of Executive Power 5-15 Aug 1911)
1911 - 5 Nov 1911
Horatius Limage Philippe
(President of Central Revolutionary
Committee; in
dissidence)
8 Aug 1912 - 9 Aug 1912 Council
of Secretaries of State
- Horatius Limage Philippe
- Jean-Pierre Joseph Edmond
(b. 1856 - d. 1933)
Lespinasse (1st time)
- Antoine Constantin Sansaricq
(b. 1868 - d. 1941)
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1918)
- John Déjoie Laroche
(b. 1861 - d. 1921)
- Tertulien Marcelin Guilbaud (b.
1856 - d. 1937)
(1st time)
9 Aug 1912 - 2 May 1913 Jean
Antoine Tancrède Auguste
(s.a.)
Mil+PN
2 May 1913 - 4 May 1913 Council
of Secretaries of State
- François Baufossé Laroche
(b. 1865 - d. 1921)
- Seymour Pradel
(b.
1876 - d. 1943) PLN
- Jacques Nicolas Léger (2nd time) (s.a.)
- Tertulien Marcelin Guilbaud
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Jean-Pierre Joseph Edmond
(s.a.)
Lespinasse (2nd time)
- André Faustin Guatimosin Boco
4 May 1913 - 27 Jan 1914 Michel Oreste
Lafontant, dit (b.
1859 - d. 1918) Non-party
Michel-Oreste
28? Jan 1914 - 7? Feb 1914 Stéphen Archer
(b. 1854 - d. 1926)
(President of Committee of Public
Safety,
in Port-au-Prince)
2. Jan 1914 - 8 Feb 1914 Edmond Sylvestre
Polynice
(b. 1855 - d. 19..) Mil
(Commandant of Port-au-Prince
arrondissement)
(1st time)
2 Feb 1914 - 28 Oct 1914 Emmanuel
Oreste
Zamor
(b. 1861 - d. 1915) Mil
(Chief of Executive Power to 8 Feb 1914)
29 Oct 1914 - 6 Nov 1914 Edmond Sylvestre
Polynice
(s.a.)
Mil
(President of Committee of Public Welfare)
(2nd time)
19 Oct 1914 - 22 Feb 1915 Joseph Davilmar
Théodore
(b. 1847 - d. 1917) Mil
(Chief of Executive Power to 10 Nov 1914,
in dissidence
to 6 Nov 1914)
19 Jan 1915 - 27 Jul 1915 Jean Simon Sam, dit
Vilbrun (b. 1859 - d.
1915) Mil
Guillaume-Sam (Chief of Executive Power
to 4 Mar 1915; in dissidence
to 25 Feb 1915)
5 May 1915 - 6 Aug 1915 Pierre
François Joseph Benoit (b. 1874 - d.
1929) PRR
Rosalvo Bobo, dit Rosalvo Bobo)
(Chief of Executive Power; in dissidence)
28 Jul 1915 - 11 Aug 1915 Revolutionary
Committee
- Charles de Delva
(b. 1870 - d. 1944)
- Edmond Sylvestre Polynice
(s.a.)
Mil
- Diogène Dèlinois
(b.c.1859 - d. 19..)
- Charles
Zamor
(d.
1931)
Mil
- Gaston Pierre-Joseph Antoine
(b.c.1878 - d. 1950)
Dalencour
- Ermane (Ermann) Robin
12 Aug 1915 - 15 May 1922 Philippe Sudre
Dartiguenave
(b. 1863 - d. 1926) Non-party
15 May 1922 - 15 May 1930 Eustache Antoine
François Joseph (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
Non-party;
Louis Borno
1930:PPN
15 May 1930 - 18 Nov 1930 Louis Eugène
Roy
(b. 1861 - d. 1938) Non-party
18 Nov 1930 - 15 May 1941 Sténio Joseph
Vincent
(b. 1874 - d. 1959) Non-party
15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 Louis
Léocardie Élie Lescot
(b. 1883 - d. 1974) PL
11 Jan 1946 - 16 Aug 1946 Franck Lavaud (1st
time)
(b. 1903 - d. 1986) Mil
(president of Military Executive Committee)
16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 Léon Dumarsais
Estimé
(b. 1900 - d. 1953) Non-party
10 May 1950 - 6 Dec 1950 Franck Lavaud
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(president of Government Junta)
6 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956 Paul Eugène
Magloire
(b. 1907 - d. 2001)Mil/Non-party
(Chief of Executive Power from 6 Dec 1956)
12 Dec 1956 - 4 Feb 1957 Joseph Nemours
Pierre-Louis
(b. 1900 - d. 1966) Non-party
(Provisional Chief of Executive Power)
7 Feb 1957 - 2 Apr 1957 Franck
Sylvain
(provisional) (b.
1909 - d. 1987) Non-party
2 Apr 1957 - 6 Apr 1957 Léon Cantave
(1st
time)
(b. 1910 - d. 1967) Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
6 Apr 1957 - 20 May 1957 Executive
Government Council
(Presidency rotates session by session among
the
delegates: of Louis
Déjoie [Cambronne, Daguilh,
Bretous], of
François Duvalier [Pierre-Paul, Nicoleau,
Beauvoir], and
of Pierre Eustache Daniel Fignolé
[Bernard,
Bruny, Lamothe])
- Jean Charles
Léonce M. Bernard (b. 1895 - d.
1984)
- Georges
Bretous
(b. 1903 - d. ....)
- Stuart
Cambronne
(b. 1903 - d. ....)
- Antoine
Pierre-Paul
(b. 1881 - d. 19..)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Vilfort
Beauvoir
(b. 1892 - d. 1971)
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Weber
Michaud
(b. 1902 - d. ....)
- Seymour
Lamothe
(b. 1911 - d. ....)
- Raoul Fabre
Daguilh
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
- Théodore A. Nicoleau
(to 24 Apr 1957)
- Ernest Berthoumieux Danache
(b. 1917 - d. ....)
- Emmanuel
Bruny
(b. 1915 - d. ....)
- Jean-Antoine Max Bolté
(b. 1920 - d.bf.2000)
- Jean-Antoine Grégoire Eugène
(b. 1924)
20 May 1957 - 26 May 1957 Léon Cantave (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(Army Chief of General Staff)
26 May 1957 - 14 Jun 1957 Pierre Eustache Daniel
Fignolé (b. 1914 - d.
1986) MOP
(provisional)
14 Jun 1957 - 22 Oct 1957 Antonio Thrasybule
Kébreau
(b. 1909 - d. 1963) Mil
(President of Military Council)
22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 François Duvalier
"Papa Doc" (b. 1907
- d. 1971) PUN
(from 21 Jun 1964, also Supreme Chief of the Haitian
Nation)
21 Apr 1971 - 7 Feb 1986 Jean-Claude
Duvalier "Bébé Doc" (b. 1951 - d.
2014) PUN;1985 PNP
7 Feb 1986 - 7 Feb 1988 Henri Namphy
(1st
time)
(b. 1932 - d. 2018) Mil
(president of National Council)
7 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 Leslie-François
Saint-Roc Manigat (b. 1930 - d. 2014)
RDNP
20 Jun 1988 - 17 Sep 1988 Henri Namphy (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990
Matthieu Prosper
Avril
(b.
1937)
Mil
10 Mar 1990 - 13 Mar 1990 Hérard
Abraham
(interim)
(b. 1940 - d. 2022) Mil
13 Mar 1990 - 7 Jan 1991 Ertha
Pascal-Trouillot
(f) (b.
1943)
Non-party
(1st time)(provisional)
7 Jan 1991
(hours) Roger
Lafontant (provisional)
(b. 1931 - d. 1991) Non-party
7 Jan 1991 - 7 Feb
1991 Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
(f)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)(provisional)
7 Feb 1991 - 30 Sep 1991
Jean-Bertrand Aristide² (1st time) (b.
1953)
FNCD
1 Oct 1991 - 8 Oct
1991 Raoul
Cédras
(b.
1949)
Mil
(chairman of Military Junta; de facto leader to 12 Oct
1994)
8 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992
Joseph Camilien Nérette
(b. 1924 - d. 2007) Non-party
(provisional)
19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 Marc Louis Bazin
(acting)
(b. 1932 - d. 2010) MIDH
15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FNCD
(in exile, but recognized in Haiti)
12 May 1994 - 12 Oct 1994 Joseph
Émile Jonassaint
(b. 1913 - d. 1995) Non-party
(provisional)
12 Oct 1994 - 7 Feb 1996
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (3rd time)
(s.a.)
OPL
7 Feb 1996 - 7 Feb
2001 René Garcia Préval (1st
time) (b. 1943 - d.
2017) FL
7 Feb 2001 - 29 Feb 2004
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (4th time)
(s.a.)
FL
29 Feb 2004 - 14 May 2006
Boniface Alexandre (provisional) (b. 1936 -
d. 2023) Non-party
14 May 2006 - 14 May 2011 René Garcia
Préval (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FLP;2009 Inite
14 May 2011 - 7 Feb 2016 Michel
Joseph Martelly
(b. 1961)
RP
7 Feb 2016 - 14 Feb 2016 Evans Paul
(acting)
(b.
1955)
KID+AD
14 Feb 2016 - 7 Feb 2017 Jocelerme
Privert
(interim) (b.
1953) Inite
7 Feb 2017 - 7 Jul 2021
Jovenel
Moïse
(b. 1968 - d. 2021) PHTK
8 Feb 2021 - 9 Feb 2021 Joseph
Mécène Jean-Louis (interim) (b. 1949)
Non-party
(in dissidence, appointed by opposition)
7 Jul 2021 - 20 Jul 2021
Claude Joseph (acting)
(b. 1978?)
PHTK
9 Jul 2021 - 20 Jul 2021 Joseph Lambert
(provisional)
(b.
1961)
KONA
(in dissidence)
20 Jul 2021 - 25 Apr 2024
Ariel Henry (acting)
(b.
1949)
Ind
25 Apr 2024 -
Transitional Presidential Council
- Smith Augustin
EDE
- Fritz Alphonse
Jean
(b.
1956)
Inite
- Louis Gérald
Gilles
(b. 1967?)
NOULHA
-
Édgard Leblanc Fils
(b. 1955)
OPL
(president 30 Apr - 7 Oct 2024)
-
Laurent
Saint-Cyr
Non-party
-
Emmanuel Vertilaire
PPD
- Leslie Voltaire
(b. 1949)
FL
(president from 7 Oct 2024)
- Frinel Joseph (non-voting)
Non-party
-
Régine Abraham (f)(non-voting)
REN
Prime ministers
9 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988
Martial
Célestin
(b. 1913 - d. 2011) Non-party
20 Jun 1988 - 13 Feb 1991 Post
abolished
13 Feb 1991 - 11 Oct 1991 René Garcia
Préval
(s.a.)
FNCD
11 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992 Jean-Jacques
Honorat (interim) (b. 1931 - d.
2023) Non-party
19 Jun 1992 - 30 Aug 1993 Marc Louis
Bazin
(s.a.)
MIDH
30 Aug 1993 - 8 Nov 1994 Robert
Malval
(b.
1943)
Non-party
8 Nov 1994 - 7 Nov
1995 Smarck
Michel
(b. 1937 - d. 2012) Non-party
7 Nov 1995 - 27 Feb 1996
Claudette Antoine Werleigh
(f) (b.
1946)
OPL
27 Feb 1996 - 20 Oct 1997 Rosny
Smarth
(b.
1940)
OPL
21 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Vacant³
26 Mar 1999 - 2 Mar 2001
Jacques-Édouard Alexis (1st time) (b.
1947)
FL
2 Mar 2001 - 15 Mar 2002
Jean-Marie
Chérestal
(b.
1947)
FL
15 Mar 2002 - 12 Mar 2004 Yvon
Neptune
(b.
1946)
FL
12 Mar 2004 - 9 Jun 2006 Gérard
Latortue
(b. 1934 - d. 2023) Non-party
23 May 2006 - 9 Jun 2006 Henri
Bazin (acting for Latortue) (b. 1933 - d.
2015) Non-party
9 Jun 2006 - 5 Sep
2008 Jacques-Édouard Alexis (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FLP
5 Sep 2008 - 11 Nov 2009 Michele
Duvivier Pierre-Louis (f) (b. 1947)
Non-party
11 Nov 2009 - 18 Oct 2011 Jean-Max
Bellerive
(b. 1958)
FLP;2009 Inite
18 Oct 2011 - 16 May 2012 Garry Conille
(1st time) (b. 1966)
Non-party
16 May 2012 - 20 Dec 2014 Laurent Salvador
Lamothe (b.
1972) Non-party
20 Dec 2014 - 16 Jan 2015 Florence
Duperval Guillaume (f)
Non-party
(acting)
16 Jan 2015 - 25 Feb 2016 Evans
Paul
(s.a.)
KID+AD
(continues to claim office to 28 Mar 2016)
25 Feb 2016 - 28 Mar 2016 Fritz Alphonse Jean
(s.a.)
Inite
28 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2017 Enex
Jean-Charles
(b.
1960)
Non-party
21 Mar 2017 - 17 Sep 2018 Jack Guy
Lafontant
(b.
1961)
MODELH-PRDH
17 Sep 2018 - 21 Mar 2019 Jean-Henry
Céant
(b.
1956)
RA
21 Mar 2019 - 22 Jul 2019 Jean-Michel Lapin
(acting) (b. 1966)
RA
22 Jul 2019 - 4 Mar 2020 Fritz-William
Michel (acting) (b.
1980)
RA
4 Mar 2020 - 14 Apr 2021
Joseph Jouthe
(b. 1961)
RA
14 Apr 2021 - 20 Jul 2021 Claude Joseph (acting)
(s.a.)
PHTK
8 Jul 2021 - 25 Apr 2024 Ariel Henry
(acting)
(s.a.)
Ind
(in dissidence to 20 Jul 2021; left country 25 Feb 2024)
25 Feb 2024 - 3 Jun 2024 Michel Patrick
Boisvert
Non-party
(acting [for absent Henry to 25 Apr 2024])
3 Jun 2024
-
Garry Conille (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
Commanders, U. S. Expeditionary Forces Operating in
Haiti
28 Jul 1915 - 15 Aug
1915 William Banks
Caperton
(b. 1855 - d. 1941)
(commander U.S. cruiser squadron, Atlantic Fleet)
15 Aug 1915 - 21 Nov 1916 Littleton Waller
Tazewell Waller (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
22 Nov 1916 - 27 Nov
1917 Eli Kelley Cole
(b. 1867 - d.
1929)
28 Nov 1917 - 6 Dec 1918 John Henry
Russell, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
7 Dec 1918 - 14 Jul 1919
Albertus Wright Catlin
(b. 1868 - d. 1933)
15 Jul 1919 - 1 Oct
1919 Louis McCarty Little (1st time)
(b. 1878 - d. 1960)
2 Oct 1919 - 14 Jan 1922 John Henry
Russell, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Jan 1922 - 28 Mar
1922 George Mason Van Orden
(b. 1878 - d. 1957)
29 Mar 1922 - 15 Nov 1923 Theodore Porter
Kane
(b. 1869 - d. 1943)
16 Nov 1923 - 21 Jan 1924 William Nessler
McKelvy (1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1933)
21 Jan 1924 - 11 Jun 1925 Ben Hebard
Fuller (1st time) (b. 1870 -
d. 1937)
12 Jun 1925 - 25 Jun 1925 William Nessler
McKelvy (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Jun 1925 - 29 Jul 1925 Harold Courtland
Snyder (b.
1872 - d. 1933)
30 Jul 1925 - 7 Dec 1925 Ben Hebard
Fuller (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1925 - 24 Jan 1928 John Twiggs
Myers
(b. 1871 - d. 1952)
25 Jan 1928 - 22 Feb 1928 Presley Marion
Rixey, Jr. (b.
1879 - d. 1953)
23 Feb 1928 - 24 Jun 1929 Louis Mason
Gulick
(b. 1879 - d. 1933)
25 Jun 1929 - 11 May 1931 Richard Malcolm
Cutts
(b. 1878 - d. 1934)
3 Jun 1931 - 15 Aug 1934 Louis
McCarty Little (2nd time) (s.a.)
U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
15 Nov 1915 - 26 Sep 1921 Arthur
Bailly-Blanchard
(b. 1855 - d. 1925)
U.S. High Commissioner to
Haiti
11 Feb 1922 - 16 Nov
1930 John Henry Russell,
Jr.
(s.a.)
Mil
U.S. Envoys
Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
Apr 1922 - Feb 1924
James Clement Dunn (acting)
(b. 1890 - d. 1979)
Mar 1924 - Oct
1926 George
Robert Merrell, Jr. (acting)(b. 1898 - d. 1962)
Oct 1926 - Nov 1927
Christian Gross
(2nd time)(acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1933)
Apr 1928 - Dec
1928 Christian
Gross (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
Dec 1928 - Nov
1930 Stuart
Edgar Grummon (acting) (b. 1901 - d.
1960)
16 Nov 1930 - 14 Sep 1932 Dana Gardner
Munro
(b. 1892 - d. 1990)
7 Nov 1932 - 4 Mar
1933 Norman Armour (1st
time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1982)
11 Apr 1933 - 21 Mar 1935 Norman
Armour (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
6 Sep 1935 - 21 Jul 1937 George
Anderson Gordon
(b. 1885 – d. 1959)
Commanders of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)
19 Sep 1994 - 25 Oct 1994 Henry
Hugh Shelton (U.S.)
(b. 1942)
25 Oct 1994 - 14 Jan 1995 David
Custis Meade (U.S.)
(b. 1940 - d.
2019)
14 Jan 1995 - 31 Mar 1995 George
Alexander Fisher, Jr. (U.S.)(b. 1942)
Commanders of
the United Nations Mission In Haiti Force (UNMIH)
31 Mar 1995 - 5 Mar 1996
Joseph William Kinzer
(U.S.) (b. 1939)
5 Mar 1996 - 30 Jun 1997
Joseph René Pierre Daigle (Canada) (b. 1950)
1 Aug 1997 - 30 Nov 1997
Robin Gagnon (Canada)
(b. 1950)
Commanding General, Combined Joint Task Force
Haiti and
Commander of the Multinational Interim Force in Haiti
(MIF)
29 Feb 2004 - 1 Jun 2004
Ronald S. Coleman (U.S.)
(b. 1948)
Commanders, United
Nations Stabilization Mission In Haiti Force
(MINUSTAH)
1 Jun 2004 - 1 Sep 2005
Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira (b.
1947)
(Brazil)
1 Sep 2005 - 7 Jan
2006 Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar
(b. 1947 - d. 2006)
(Brazil)
7 Jan 2006 - 20 Jan 2006
Eduardo Aldunate Herman (Chile) (b. 1952)
(interim)
20 Jan 2006 - 9 Jan 2007
José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira (b.
1946)
(Brazil)
9 Jan 2007 - 9 Apr 2009 Carlos
Alberto Dos Santos Cruz (b. 1952)
(Brazil)
9 Apr 2009 - 11 Apr 2010 Floriano
Peixoto Vieira Neto (b. 1954)
(Brazil)
11 Apr 2010 - 30 Mar 2011 Luiz Guilherme
Paul Cruz (Brazil) (b. 1957)
30 Mar 2011 - 27 Mar 2012
Luiz Eduardo Ramos Pereira (Brazil)(b.
1956)
27 Mar 2012 - 27 Mar 2013 Fernando
Rodrigues Goulart (Brazil)(b. 1958)
27 Mar 2013 - 15 Mar 2014 Edson
Leal Pujol (Brazil)
(b. 1955)
15 Mar 2014 - 30 Aug 2015 José
Luiz Jaborandy Júnior (Brazil)(b. 1958 - d. 2015)
4 Sep 2015 - 13 Oct 2015 Jorge Peña
Leiva (Chile) (acting) (b. 1961)
13 Oct 2015 - 15 Oct 2017 Ajax Porto Pinheiro
(Brazil) (b. 1956)
U.S. Commanders of the Joint Task
Force for Haiti (JTF-H)
14 Jan 2010 - 18 Apr 2010 Purl Kenneth
"Ken" Keen
(b. 1952)
18 Apr 2010 - 1 Jun 2010 Simeon
George Trombitas
(b. 1955)
Special Representatives of the Secretary-General
and Heads of the
United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti
(MINUJUSTH)
16 Oct 2017 - 2 Nov 2017 Mamadou Diallo
(Guinea)(1st time) (b. 1940)
(officer-in-charge)(acting)
2 Nov 2017 - 8 May 2018 Susan Denise
Page (f) (U.S.) (b.
1964)
8 May 2018 - 3 Sep 2018 Mamadou Diallo
(Guinea)(2nd time) (s.a.)
(officer-in-charge)(acting)
3 Sep 2018 - 15 Oct 2019 Helen Meagher La
Lime (f)(U.S.) (b. 1951)
Police Commander of the Multinational
Security Support (MSS) Mission in Haiti
25 Jun 2024
-
Godfrey Otunge (Kenya)
¹The style of the rulers:
(a) 8 Oct 1804 - 20 May 1805: Empereur d'Haïti ("Emperor
of Haiti");
(b) 20 May 1805 - 17 Oct 1806: Empereur d'Haïti et
chef suprême de l'armée par la grâce de Dieu et la loi
constitutionnelle de l'état ("Emperor of Haiti and
Supreme Chief of the Army and by the Grace of God and
the Constitutional Law of the State");
(c) 28 Mar 1811 - 8 Oct 1820: par la grâce de Dieu
et la loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi
d'Haïti ("by the Grace of God and the
Constitutional Law of the State, King of Haiti");
-- unconstitutional longer form also in use: par la
grâce de Dieu et la
loi constitutionnelle de l'état, roi du Haïti,
souverains de Tortuga, Gonâve et d'autres îles
adjacentes, destroyer de tyrannie, régénérateur et
bienfaiteur de la nation de Haitian, créateur de ses
établissements moraux, politiques et de Martial, le
premier a couronné le monarque du nouveau monde, le
défenseur de la foi, fondateur de la
commande royale et militaire de Saint-Henry ("by
the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the
State, King of Haiti, Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve and
other adjacent Islands, Destroyer of Tyranny,
Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haitian Nation,
Creator of her Moral, Political and Martial
Institutions, First Crowned Monarch of the New World,
Defender of the Faith, founder of the Royal and Military
Order of Saint-Henry");
(d) 26 Aug 1849 - 20 Sep 1849: Empereur d'Haïti ("Emperor
of Haiti");
(e) 20 Sep 1849 - 15 Jan 1859: par la grâce de Dieu
et la Constitution de l'Empire, Empereur d'Haïti
("by the Grace of God and the Constitution
of the Empire, Emperor of Haiti"); also in
official use: par la grâce de Dieu et la Loi
Constitutionnelle de l'État, Empereur d'Haïti
("by the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the
State, Emperor of Haiti").
²During military rule 30 Sep 1991 - 12 Oct 1994, Jean-Bertrand Aristide (s.a.) was recognized as legal President of Haiti in exile by the international community.
³Parliament refused to accept two of President René Préval's nominees for the post Prime minister- 21 Oct 1997 - 26 Mar 1999 Ericq Pierre (b. 1944)(Ind), and Hervé Denis (b. 1940 - d. 2002)(OPL), the office therefore remained legally vacant.
Territorial Disputes: Despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; the Dominican Republic has increased security along the Haitian border to prevent unauthorized migration and smuggling, including constructing a fence and deploying military troops; some disputes over border limits, particularly along the Massacre River; Haiti claims U.S.-administered Navassa Island;in 2023, Prime Minister Henry called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of much of the capital Port-au-Prince since the assassination of President Moise in 2021; as of 2024, at least 300 criminal groups were operating in Haiti in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica have also pledged forces; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2024).
Party abbreviations: AD =
Alliance Démocratique/Alyans (Democratic
Alliance, center-left coalition of KID
and Parti Populaire pour le Renouveau d'Haïti - PPRH [Popular
Party for the Renewal of Haiti], est.2005);
EDE = Les Engagés pour le Développement (Those
Committed to Development, centrist, catch-all, est.18
Mar 2022); FL = Fanmi
Lavalas/Famille Lavalas (Lavalas [Waterfall]
Family, social-democratic, populist,
Aristide personalist, split from OPL, est.30
Oct 1996); Ind = Indépendant (Independent); Inite
= Inite Patriyotik (Patriotic Unity, social-democratic,
center-left, FLP successor, to
Apr 2015 named Inite
[Unity], 28 Nov 2009-30 Apr 2019 [dissolution
disputed], renamed Inifòs);
KID = Konvansyon
Inite Demokratick/Convention de l'Unité
démocratique (Convention
for Democratic Unity, leftist, populist,
est.1986); KONA
= Konbit Nasyonal (Konbit National); Inifos
= (right-wing, split from Inite, est.10 May 2019); MIDH
= Mouvement pour l'Instauration de la Démocratie en
Haiti (Movement for the Installation of Democracy in
Haiti, center-right, est.12 Aug 1987); MODELH-PRDH
= Mouvement Démocratique d'Haïti-Parti
Rassemblement Démocratique d'Haïti (Democratic
Movement of Haiti-Democratic Rally of Haiti Party, liberal
democratic, [formerly Mouvement
Démocratique de Libération d'Haïti-Parti
Revolutionnaire Démocratique d'Haïti/Democratic
Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary
Democratic Party of Haiti], est.9 Mar 1987); NOULHA
= Nouvelle Orientation Unifiée pour Libérer Haïti (New
Unified Orientation to Liberate Haiti); OPL
= Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lité/Organisation du Peuple en
Lutte (Struggling People's Organization,
social-democratic, center-left,
formerly Aristide personalist,
1991-1996 as Organisation Politique Lavalas [Lavalas
Political Organization], est.1991); PHTK =
Parti Haïtien Tèt Kale/Pati Ayisyen Tèt Kale (Haitian
'Bald Headed' Party, liberal, center-right, est.16 Aug
2012); PPD = Platfòm Pitit Desalin (Dessalines'
Children Platform, democratic socialist, Haitian
nationalist, Dessalinism, left-wing populist, est.Dec
2014); RA = Renmen Ayiti (Love Haiti); PUN
= Parti de l'Unité Nationale (National Unity Party,
right-wing, Duvalier family personalist, nationalist,
anti-communist, totalitarian, anti-American to 1971, 1963-86
only legal party, 1957-1986, renamed PNP,
re-est.2014); RDNP =
Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes
(Rally of Progressive National Democrats,
christian-democrat, center-right, Haitian nationalist, in
exile 1979-86, est.25 May 1987); REN =
Rassemblement pour une Entente Nationale et Souveraine
(Rally for a National and Sovereign Agreement);
RP = Repons
Peyizan/Réponse Paysanne (Peasants' [Farmers']
Response, center-right, populist, agrarian, est.Jul
2010); Mil =
Military;
- Former
parties: CD
= Convergence Démocratique/Konvèjans
Demokratik (Democratic Convergence, anti-Aristide
coalition, 2000-Feb 2004); FLP
= Fwon Lespwa/Front de l'Espoir (Hope
Front, democratic socialist, left-wing nationalist,
populist, split from OPL, 2005-28 Nov 2009,
merged into Inite); FNCD
= Front National pour le Changement et la Démocratie
(National Front for Democracy and Change, center-left,
Aristide coalition, 1990-1999);
MOP = Mouvement Ouvriers
et Paysans (Workers' and Peasants' Movement,
social democratic, noiriste, from
1956 renamed Mouvement Organisation du
Pays [Movement to Organize
the Country], 1945-1957);
PL = Parti Libéral
(Liberal Party, liberal, republican, internationalist,
mainly mulatto, Feb 1870-1946); PLN
= Parti Libéral National (National Liberal
Party); PN
= Parti National (National Party, nationalist,
republican, agrarian, anti-celerical, isolationist,
mainly black, PL opposition, 1870-1913); PNP
= Parti Nationale Progressiste (National Progressive
Party, J.C. Duvalier personalist,
1985-1986); PPN =
Parti Progressiste National (National Progressive
Party, est.Mar 1930); PRR = Parti
Républicain Réformiste (Republican
Reformist Party, est.1911)
Department of the South
![[Department of the
South 1810-1812 (Haiti)]](haiti1810-12.gif "[Department of the
South 1810-1812 (Haiti)]")
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3 Nov
1810
Secession, Department of the South (Département
du Sud).
20 Mar
1812
Re-incorporation into Republic of Haiti.
General-in-Chief
3 Nov 1810 - 9 Jan
1811 Benoît Joseph André Rigaud
(b. 1761 - d. 1811) Mil
Presidents of the Council
9 Jan 1811 - 18 Sep 1811
Benoît Joseph André Rigaud
(s.a.)
Mil
21 Sep 1811 - 20 Mar 1812 Jérôme
Maximilien
Borgella
(b. 1773 - d. 1844) Mil
Republic of the North
![[Haiti Civil flag]](ht.gif "[Haiti
Civil flag]")
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25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Republic of the North (République du Nord).
Provisional President
25 Apr 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Jean
Nicholas Nissage-Sagete
(b. 1810 - d. 1880) Mil
Southern State of Haiti
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of Haiti |
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8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Southern State of Haiti (État Méridional d'Haïti).
President
8 May 1868 - 27 Dec 1869 Michel
Domingue
(b. 1813 - d. 1877) Mil
Northern Republic
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27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Republic of Northern Haiti (République Septentrionale d'Haïti).
President of the Provisional Government
27 Nov 1888 - 9 Oct 1889 Louis
Mondestin Florvil Hyppolite (b. 1827 - d.
1896) Mil
Artibonite
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19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 FLRN leader declares
himsself "president of the liberated"
parts of Haiti in central Artibonite region,
in rebellion.
President
19 Feb 2004 - 19 Mar 2004 Buteur
Métayer
(b. 1970? - d. 2005) FLRN
Party abbreviation: FLRN
= Front pour la Libération et la
Reconstruction Nationales (National Revolutionary Front
for the Liberation and Reconstruction of Haiti, founded
as Front de la Résistance Révolutionnaire d'Artibonite [Artibonite
Revolutionary Resistance Front], Feb-Jun
2004)
© Ben Cahoon