Indonesian States 1946-1950
Note:
The Republik Indonesia Serikat
(Republic of the United States of Indonesia), which
existed from 27 Dec 1949 to 17 Aug 1950, consisted of: (1)
seven units styled negara ("state"),
among which was, prominently, Republik
Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia), styled
for this purpose (and indeed in all the preliminary
negotiations, 1946-49) Negara Republik
Indonesia (State of the Republic of
Indonesia); (2) nine autonomous entities (daerah
otonom) listed in the constitution; these
are usually, though incorrectly, referred to simply as daerah
("area"), a style that actually was borne in their name by
only two of them (in addition to the preliminary stages of
two negara), as shown below; (3)
a Federal District, also mentioned in the constitution;
and (4) three "left-over" entities, not listed in the
constitution: the traditional polity Kota Waringin on
Kalimantan (Borneo), and the territories of Padang dan
sekitarnya and Sabang on Sumatra. Names
of people, entities and parties are given in modern
Indonesian orthography, adopted in 1972.
Party abbreviations: PK = Partai Katolik
(Catholic Party, catholic, pro-independent Indonesia,
1945-1973); PKI = Partai
Kebangsaan Indonesia (Indonesian Nationhood Party, West
Java-based, pro-independent Indonesia, 1945-1959);
PNI = Partai Nasional
Indonesia (Indonesian National Party, nationalist,
secular, ruling party 1959-1967, 1927-1931,
1945, 1946-1973, merged into PDI, re-est.1997);
PSII = Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia
(Indonesian Islamic Union Party, Islamist, 1947-1973); PRP
= Partai Rakyat Pasundan (Sundanese People's Party,
Sundanese nationalist, 1946-19..); SKI =
Serikat Kerakyatan Indonesia (Indonesian People’s Union,
South Kalimantan-based, pro-independent Indonesia,
1946-1955)
Bangka, Belitung, and Riau
Capital: Pangkal
Pinang
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Population:
N/A
|
12 Jul
1947
Bangka,
Belitung, and Riau, three autonomous entities and neo-
states established.
23 Jan 1948
Federation of Bangka, Belitung,
and Riau is decreed but is
not established.
5 Jul 1948
Federative
Collegium (joint executive) established, but the three
entities remained separate.
4 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairmen of the Bangka (Provisional to 12 Jul
1947) Council
10 Feb 1947 - May 1949 Masyarif
Datuk Bendaharo Lelo (d. 1949)
1949 - Mar 1950
Saleh Ahmad
Chairman of the Belitung Council
Dec 1947 - Mar 1950
K.A. Mohammad Yusuf
Chairmen of the Riau Council
bf.Aug 1947 - af.Jul 1948 Mohamad Apan
Oct 1948 - af.Sep 1949 Mohtar
Husein
c.1949 - 1950
Raja Mohammad Yunus
Federal commissioner
Mar 1950 - 4 Apr 1950
Mohamad Isa
(b. 1909 - d.
1979)
Banjar
Capital: Banjarmasin
|
Population:
N/A
|
14 Jan
1948
Daerah
Banjar (Area of Banjar), an autonomous entity,
established,
covering entire single neo-state.
4 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairman of the Banjar Council
14 Jan 1948 - 4 Apr 1950 Mohammad
Hanafiah
(b. 1904 - d. 1981) SKI
Batavia, Federal
District
Capital: Batavia
(Jakarta)
|
Population:
N/A
|
11 Aug
1948
Provisional Federal District (from Dec 1949, Federal
District)
of Batavia.
11 Mar 1950
Incorporated into State
of the Republic of Indonesia.
Governor of the Federal District
2 Nov 1948 - Mar
1950 Raden Adipati Ario
Hilman
(d. 1963)
Jayadiningrat
Wali Kota (mayors) of Batavia (Jakarta)
26 Aug 1948 - 20 Apr 1949 Robert Thomas
Praaning
(b. 1909 - d. 1971)
20 Apr 1949 - 30 Mar 1950 Raden
Sastromulyono
(b. 1898 - d. 1956)
Dayak Besar
Capital:
Banjarmasin
(provisional); Kuala
Kapuas (designated)
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Population:
340,000 (1946)
|
7 Dec
1946
Dayak
Besar (Great Dayak) an autonomous entity established,
covering entire single neo-state.
16 Jan
1948
Officially
recognized by the Dutch.
4 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of
Indonesia.
Chairmen of the Great Dayak Council
Dec 1946 - Feb 1948
Cyrillus Kersanegara
Feb 1948 - 1950
Mohran bin
Haji Mohammad Ali (b. 1908 -
d. 19..)
Indonesia
Timur
Capital: Makassar
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Population:
10,290,000 (1946)
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Hear Anthem
"Indonesia Raya"
(Great Indonesia)
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Constitution
(Regulations on Forming
the State) (24 Dec 1946)
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24 Dec
1946
Negara
Timur Besar (State of Great East) established eventually
consisting of 13 self-governing areas (daerah)
and municipality
of Makassar.
27 Dec
1946
Renamed
Negara Indonesia Timur (State of East Indonesia).
21 Apr 1950
Indonesian troops occupied
Makassar.
25 Apr 1950
Republic of South Moluccas
proclaimed in rebellion.
17 Aug
1950
State
terminated with dissolution of United States
of Indonesia.
President
24 Dec 1946 - 17 Aug 1950 Cokorda
Gde Raka Sukawati
(b. 1899 - d. 1973)
(Tjokorda
Gde Raka Soekawati)
Prime ministers
13 Jan 1947 - 11 Oct 1947 Nadjamuddin
Daeng
Malewa
(b. 1907 - d. ....)
11 Oct 1947 - 15 Dec 1947 Semuel Jusof
Warouw
15 Dec 1947 - 27 Dec 1949 Ide Anak Agung
Gde
Agung
(b. 1921 - d. 1999)
27 Dec 1949 - 14 Mar 1950 Jan Engelbert
Tatengkeng (b.
1907 - d. 1968)
14 Mar 1950 - 10 May 1950 D.P. Diapari
(b. 1912 - d. ....)
10 May 1950 - 17 Aug 1950 Martinus
Putuhena (Poetoehena) (b. 1901
- d. 1982) PK
Jawa Tengah
Capital: Semarang
|
Population:
N/A
|
2 Mar
1949
Jawa Tengah (Central Java), an undefined
"political entity"
(usually included among autonomous entities),
established.
9 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairman of Provisional Representative Council
23 Feb 1949 - 16 Feb 1950 Raden Valentinus
Sujito
(b. 1905 – d. 1958)
PK
Dwijoatmojo
Federal Commissioner
16 Feb 1950 - 9 Mar
1950 Kangyeng Raden Wongsonegoro
(b. 1897 – d. 1978)
Jawa Timur
Capital: Surabaya
|
Population:
N/A
|
26 Nov
1948
Negara
Jawa Timur (State of East Java) established.
9 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairman of Provisional Representative Council
30 Nov 1948 - 3 Dec 1948 Raden Tumenggung
Juwito
(b. 1896 - d. 19..)
Wali Negara (head of state)
3 Dec 1948 - 19
Jan 1950 Raden Tumenggung Panji Ahmad
Kusumonegoro
Federal commissioner
19 Jan 1950 - 9 Mar 1950 Raden
Samadikun
(b. 1902 - d. 19..)
Kalimantan
Barat
Capital: Pontianak
|
Population: 1,202,800
(1946)
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West Borneo Bylaws
(12 May 1947)
|
22 Oct
1946
Federasi
Kalimantan Barat (Federation of West Borneo), an
autonomous entity, established, consisting of
12 states
and 3 neo-states.
12 May
1947
renamed
Daerah Istimewa Kalimantan Barat (Special Area
of West Borneo).
17 Aug
1950
Entity terminated with dissolution of United States
of Indonesia.
Chairman of the West Borneo Council (with title Kepala
Daerah Istimewa)
22 Oct 1946 – 15 May 1947 the
Council [40 members, no chairman]
15 May 1947 - 24 May 1950 Syarif Abdul
Hamid II Alkadrie (b. 1913
- d. 1978)
(sultan of Pontianak; imprisoned from 5 Apr 1950)
(also chairman of Executive Collegium)
Federal Resident
24 May 1950 - 17 Aug 1950? Raden Ali Budiarjo
(b. 1913 - d. 19..)
Kalimantan
Tenggara
Capital: Kota Baru
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Population:
N/A
|
8 Jan
1947
Kalimantan
Tenggara (Southeast Borneo) an autonomous entity,
established, consisting of 3 neo-states.
4 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of
Indonesia.
Chairmen of the Kalimantan Tenggara Council
8 Jan 1947 - 1949
Abdul Gaffar Noor
(b. 1888? - d. 1979)
bf.Sep 1949 - 1950
Mohamed Yamani
(b. 1915 – d. 19..)
Kalimantan
Timur
Capital: Samarinda
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Population:
N/A
|
12 Apr
1947
Federasi Kalimantan Timur (Federation of East Borneo),
an autonomous
entity, established, consisting of 4 states and 1
neo-state.
24 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of
Indonesia.
Chairman of the Council of Rulers
12 Apr 1947 - 24 Apr 1950 Aji
Muhammad Parikesit
(b. 1895 - d.
1981)
(sultan of Kutai)
Chairman of the Executive Collegium (prime
minister)
26 Aug 1947 - 24 Apr 1950 Aji
Raden
Aflus
(b. 1905 - d. 1991)
Kota Waringin
Capital: Pangkalan
Bun
|
Population:
N/A
|
1948
Refused to
join either Dayak Besar or Kalimantan Barat.
4 Apr
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic
of Indonesia.
Chairmen of the Kota Waringin Council
14 Jan 1948 - 12 Feb 1949
....
12 Feb 1949 -
1950 Asnawi
Madura
Capital: Pamekasan
|
Population:
N/A
|
23 Jan
1948
Negara
Madura (State of Madura) established.
20 Feb
1948
Officially
recognized by the Dutch.
9 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of
Indonesia.
Wali Negara (head
of state)
20 Feb 1948 - 1 Feb 1950 Raden
Adipati Ario Cakraningrat (b.
1886 - d. 1953)
Federal Commissioner
1 Feb 1950 - 9 Mar 1950
Raden Samadikun
?
(b. 1902 - d. 19..)
Negara Republik Indonesia (State of
the Republic of Indonesia)
Capital: Yogyakarta
|
Population:
N/A
-----------------------
Anthem:
"Indonesia Raya" |
27 Dec
1949
Republic of Indonesia, styled for this
purpose Negara Republik
Indonesia (State of the Republic of Indonesia),
and covering parts
of Java and Sumatra, becomes constituent state of the
Republic of
the United States of Indonesia.
17 Aug 1950
Succeeded the dissolved
Republic of the United States of Indonesia
as
Republic of Indonesia.
President
27 Dec 1949 - 17 Aug 1950
Assaat Datuk Mudo (acting)
(b.
1904 - d. 1976) Non-party
Prime ministers
19 Dec 1949 - 16 Jan
1950 Susanto Tirtoprojo (acting)
(b. 1900 - d. 1969)
PNI
16 Jan 1950 - 6 Sep 1950 Abdul Halim
(acting)
(b. 1911 - d. 1988) Non-party
Padang
dan sekitarnya
Capital: Padang
|
Population:
N/A
|
1947
Daerah Istimewa
Sumatera Barat (Special Area of West Sumatra)
proposed, but not established.
9 Mar
1950
Padang
dan sekitarnya (Padang and Surroundings)
incorporated into State of the Republic
of Indonesia.
Wali Kota (mayors)
of Padang
Sep 1947 - 1949
Abdul Hakim
bf. Sep 1949 - 1950
Rasyidin
Federal Commissioner
1950 - Mar 1950
Mohammad Nasrun
(b. 1907 - d. 1968)
Pasundan
Capital: Bandung
|
Population:
N/A
----------------------------
Anthem: "Indonesia Raya"
|
4 May
1947
Republik
Pasundan (Sundanese Republic) proclaimed
but not recognized.
6 May
1947
Republik Pasundan dissolved by the Dutch.
26 Feb
1948
Negara
Jawa Barat (State of West Java) established.
24 Apr
1948
Renamed
Negara Pasundan (Sundanese State).
11 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into Republic of Indonesia.
President
4 May 1947 - 6 May
1947 Raden Mohammed Suria
Kartelegawa (b. 1892 - d.
19..) PRP
Wali Negara (head
of state)
4 Mar 1948 - 10 Feb 1950 Raden Aria
Adipati Muharam
Wiranatakusuma (Wiranatakoesoema) (b. 1888 - d.
1965)
Federal Commissioner
10 Feb 1950 - 11 Mar 1950
Raden Mas Sewaka
(b. 1895 – d. 1967)
Prime ministers
29 Apr 1948 - 10 Jan
1949 Adil Puradireja
(b. 1907 - d. 19..) PKI
10 Jan 1949 - 17 Jul
1949 Jumhana Wiraatmaja
(b. 1904 - d. 19..)
17 Jul 1949 - 23 Jan 1950 Utaryo Anwar
Cokroaminoto
(b. 1909 - d. 1975)
PSII
Sabang
Capital: Sabang
|
Population:
N/A
|
9 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
1947 - Dec 1949
administered
by the Local Board (Plaatselijk Bestuur)
Sumatera
Selatan
Capital: Palembang
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Population:
N/A
|
30 Aug
1948
Negara
Sumatera Selatan (State of South Sumatra) established.
24 Mar
1950
Incorporated
into State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairman of Provisional Representative Council
16 Aug 1948 - 29 Nov 1948 Abdul
Malik
(b. 1912 – d.
19..)
Wali Negara (head of
state)
29 Nov 1948 - 9 Mar
1950 Abdul Malik
(s.a.)
Federal Commissioner
9 Mar 1950 - 24 Mar 1950
Mohamad Isa
(b. 1909
- d. 1979)
Sumatera
Timur
Capital: Medan
|
Population:
N/A
|
8 Oct
1947
Daerah
Istimewa Sumatera Timur (Special Area of
East Sumatra) established.
25 Dec
1947
Becomes Negara Sumatera Timur (State of East Sumatra).
17 Aug
1950
State
terminated with dissolution of United States
of Indonesia.
Chairman of Provisional Representative Council (with
title Kepala Daerah Istimewa)
Nov 1947 - 25 Dec 1947
Tengku Mansur (Mansoer)
(b. 1897 - d. 1955)
Wali Negara (head of
state)
25 Dec 1947 - 17 Aug 1950 Tengku
Mansur
(s.a.)
(also chairman of Executive Collegium)
© Ben Cahoon
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