Mauritania
-
- 12 May 1903 - 1
Apr 1959
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- 1 Apr 1959 - 28
Nov 2017
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Adopted 28 Nov 2017
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Map
of the Mauritania
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Hear
National Anthem
"Nashid Watani Muritani"
(National Anthem of Mauritania)
Adopted
28 Nov 2017
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Former
National Anthem
"Nashid
Watani Muritani"
(National Anthem of Mauritania)
1960 - 28 Nov 2017
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Constitution
(12 Jul 1991/15 Aug
2017)
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Capital:
Nouakchott
(Saint Louis, Senegal
1903-1960)
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Currency:
Ouguiya (MRU);
1958-1973 Communauté
Financière Africaine
Franc (XOF)
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National
Holiday: 28 Nov (1960)
Independence Day
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Population:
3,840,429 (2018)
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GDP: $17.28
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$1.72 billion (2017)
Imports: $2.10
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Moor 70% (about 40% black Moor
[Haratin or African
Sudanic] and about 30% white Moor
[Bidan, or Arab
Berber]), other black African (mostly
Wolof, Tukulor, Soninke
and Fulani) 30% (2003)
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Total Active
Armed Forces: 15,870 (2010)
Merchant marine:
7 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Sunni Muslim (official) 99.1%,
traditional
beliefs 0.5%,
Christian 0.3%, other 0.1% (2000)
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International
Organizations/Treaties:
ABEDA, ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, AFESD,
AIIB
(applicant), AL, AMF, AMU,
AOAD, APM, Arabsat, AU, BTWC, CCM, CAEU (candidate), CEN-SAD, CCM (signatory), CTBT, CWC,
ESCR, ECOWAS (associate), EITI, FAO,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO (pending), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol,
IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA,
ISA, ISA, ISESCO,
ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC,
MIGA, NAM, NATO (mediterranean
dialogue), NPT, NTBT, OIC,
OIF, OPCW, PAM, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
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Mauritania
Index
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Chronology
12 May
1903
French protectorate of Mauritania (Protectorat
de
Mauritanie).
18 Oct
1904
French civil territory of Mauritania
(Territoire
civil
de la Mauritanie)(part
of French West
Africa; see Senegal).
12 Jan
1920
French colony (Colonie
de la Mauritanie).
16 Jun 1940 - 23 Nov
1942 Administration loyal to
Vichy France (from 23 Nov
1942 [under Darlan to 24 Dec 1942],
Free French).
27 Oct
1946
Mauritania overseas territory of
France.
28 Nov
1958
Autonomy (Islamic Republic of
Mauritania [al-
Jumhuriyya al-Islamiyya
al-Muritaniyya/République
Islamique
de Mauritanie]).
28 Nov 1958 - 28 Nov 1960
Member of the Communauté
(French Community).
28 Nov
1960
Independence from France.
20 Dec 1975 - 11 Aug
1979 Annexes southwestern Western
Sahara (as wilaya
of Tiris al-Gharbiyya).
4 Mar 1968
Arabic and French are designated
official languages
in accordance with a constitutional
law.
Dec 1980
Arabic is designated official language
(Poular,
Soninke, and Wolof also designated
national
languages since 1991).
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Traditional
states
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Arguin
(1445-1728)
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Historical
maps
of
Mauritania
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Commandant and Delegate
12 May 1903 - Nov 1904 Xavier
Coppolani
(b. 1866 - d. 1905)
Commissioners
Nov 1904 - 12 May 1905 Xavier
Coppolani
(s.a.)
12 May 1905 - 27 May 1905 Louis Frèrejean
(acting)
(b. 1862 - d. 1917)
27 May 1905 - Nov 1907 Bernard
Laurent Montané-Capdebosq (b. 1862 - d. 1921)
Nov 1907 -
1909
Henri Joseph Eugène
Gouraud (b.
1867 - d. 1946)
1909
Henri Édouard Claudel (acting)
(b. 1871 - d. 1956)
1909 - Dec 1909
Marie Jacques Charles Aubert
(b. 1849 - d. 1915)
(acting)
1 Jan 1910 - 1 Mar 1912 Henri
Hippolyte Patey
(b. 1867 - d. 1957)
1 Mar 1912 - 25 May 1914 Charles Paul
Isidore Mouret
(b. 1871 - d. 1914)
May 1914 - 20 Nov 1916 Louis
Jules Albert
Obissier (b.
1868 - d. 1916)
20 Nov 1916 - 11 Dec 1920 Nicolas Jules Henri
Gaden
(b. 1867 - d. 1939)
Lieutenant governors
11 Dec 1920 - 9 Nov 1926 Nicolas Jules
Henri
Gaden
(s.a.)
9 Nov 1926 - 13 Jan 1928 Albéric Auguste
Fournier
(b. 1878 - d. 19..)
13 Jan 1928 - 21 Nov 1929 Alphonse Paul
Albert Choteau (b.
1883 - d. 1936)
21 Nov 1929 - 19 Jun 1931 René Héctor Émile
Chazal
19 Jun 1931 - 22 Jun 1933 Gabriel Omer Descemet
(1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1961)
(acting)
22 Jun 1933 - 7 Apr 1934 Louis Jean
François
Antonin (b.
1878 - d. 19..)
(acting)
7 Apr 1934 - 5 Jul 1934 Gabriel Omer
Descemet (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Jul 1934 - Aug 1934
Adolphe
Deitte
(b. 1879 - d. 1949)
Aug 1934 - 1 Nov 1934
Jean-Baptiste Victor Chazelas
(b. 1885 - d. 1953)
(1st time) (acting)
1 Nov 1934 - 15 Apr 1935 Richard Edmond
Maurice Édouard (b. 1883 - d.
1958)
Brunot
15 Apr 1935 - 10 Nov 1935 Jean-Baptiste Victor
Chazelas (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
10 Nov 1935 - 1 Sep 1936 Jules Marcel de
Coppet
(b. 1881 - d. 1968)
1 Sep 1936 - 24 Oct 1936 Jean Louis
Beyries (1st time) (b. 1887 - d.
1974)
(acting)
24 Oct 1936 - 7 Aug 1938 Oswald
Durand
(b. 1888 - d. 1982)
7 Aug 1938 - Nov 1938
Charles André Dumas (acting)
Nov 1938 - 4 May 1944
Jean-Louis Beyries (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting to 28 Aug 1941)
Apr 1942 - May
1944 Jean
Victor Louis Joseph Chalvet (b. 1893 - d.
1975)
(acting for Beyries)
4 May 1944 - 31 Jul 1945 Christian Robert
Roger Laigret (b. 1903 - d.
1977)
31 Jul 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Marie Joseph René
Babin (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1970)
30 Apr 1946 - 19 Jul 1947 Georges Poirier
(acting)
(b. 1894 - d. 19..)
19 Jul 1947 - 31 Dec 1947 Lucien Eugène Geay
(acting) (b.
1900 - d. 1976)
31 Dec 1947 - 7 Aug 1949 Henry Jean Marie
de Mauduit (b.
1897 - d. 1975)
7 Aug 1949 - 27 Sep 1950 Édouard Louis
Terrac (acting) (b. 1900 - d. 1956)
27 Sep 1950 - 25 Apr 1952 Jacques Camille Marie
Rogué (b. 1898
- d. 1980)
25 Apr 1952 - 6 Apr 1954 Pierre
Messmer
(b. 1916 - d. 2007)
(acting to 23 Feb 1953)
6 Apr 1954 - 23 Jun 1955 Albert Jean
Mouragues (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1978)
23 Jun 1955 - 14 May 1956 Jean Paul Parisot
(b. 1901 - d. 1958)
14 May 1956 - 5 Oct 1958 Albert Jean
Mouragues (2nd time) (s.a.)
High Commissioners
5 Oct 1958 - Feb 1959
Henri Joseph Marie
Bernard
(b. 1920 - d. 2000)
Feb 1959 - 28 Nov 1960 Amédée
Joseph Émile Jean Pierre (b. 1913 - d.
1996)
Anthonioz
President
28 Nov 1960 - 10 Jul 1978 Moktar Ould
Daddah
(b. 1924 - d. 2003) PRM;1961 PPM
(prime Minister acting to 25 Sep 1961)
President of the Military Committee of National
Restoration
10 Jul 1978 - 6 Apr 1979 Mustafa Ould
Salek
(b. 1936 - d. 2012) Mil
Presidents of the Military Committee for
National Salvation, Heads of State
6 Apr 1979 - 3 Jun 1979
Mustafa Ould
Salek
(s.a.)
Mil
3 Jun 1979 - 4 Jan 1980 Mohamed
Mahmoud Ould
Louly
(b. 1943 - d. 2019) Mil
4 Jan 1980 - 12 Dec 1984 Mohamed Khouna
Ould Haidalla (b.
1940)
Mil
12 Dec 1984 - 18 Apr 1992 Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed
Taya (b.
1941)
Mil
President
18 Apr 1992 - 3 Aug 2005 Maaouya Ould
Sid'Ahmed Taya
(s.a.)
PRDS
President of the Military Council for Justice and
Democracy
3 Aug 2005 - 19 Apr 2007 Ely Ould Mohamed
Vall
(b. 1953 - d. 2017) Mil
President
19 Apr 2007 - 6 Aug 2008 Sidi Mohamed Ould
Cheikh Abdallahi (b. 1938 - d. 2020) Non-party
President of the High Council of State, Head of State
6 Aug 2008 - 15 Apr 2009 Mohammed Ould Abdel
Aziz (b. 1956)
Mil
Presidents
15 Apr 2009 - 5 Aug 2009 Ba Mamadou dit
M'Baré (interim) (b. 1946 - d.
2013) Non-party
5 Aug 2009 - 1 Aug 2019 Mohamed Ould
Abdel
Aziz
(s.a.)
UPR
14 Oct 2012 - 24 Nov 2012 Moulaye Ould
Mohamed Laghdaf (b. 1957)
Non-party
(acting for Abdel Aziz)
1 Aug 2019
-
Mohamed Ould Cheikh Mohamed
Ahmed (b.
1956)
UPR:2022 PE
Ould Ghazouani
Vice President of the Government Council
21 May 1957 - 31 Jul 1958 Moktar Ould
Daddah
(s.a.)
UPM;1958 PRM
President of the Council of Government
31 Jul 1958 - 23 Jun 1959 Moktar Ould
Daddah
(s.a.)
PRM
Prime ministers
23 Jun 1959 - 25 Sep 1961 Moktar Ould
Daddah
(s.a.)
PRM;1960 PPM
25 Sep 1961 - 6 Apr 1979 Post
abolished
6 Apr 1979 - 27 May 1979 Ahmed Ould
Bouceif
(b. 1934 - d. 1979) Mil
28 May 1979 - 31 May 1979 Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi
(acting) (b. 1939 - d.
1981) Mil
31 May 1979 - 12 Dec 1980 Mohamed Khouna Ould
Haidalla
(s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)
12 Dec 1980 - 25 Apr 1981 Sid Ahmed Ould
Bneijara
(b. 1947 - d. 2017) Non-party
25 Apr 1981 - 8 Mar 1984 Maaouya Ould
Sid'Ahmed Taya
(s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)
8 Mar 1984 - 12 Dec 1984 Mohamed Khouna
Ould Haidalla
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
12 Dec 1984 - 18 Apr 1992 Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed
Taya
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
18 Apr 1992 - 2 Jan 1996 Sidi Mohamed Ould
Boubacar
(b.
1957)
PRDS
(1st time)
2 Jan 1996 - 18 Dec 1997 Cheikh El Avia
Ould Mohamed Khouna (b.
1956)
PRDS
(1st time)
18 Dec 1997 - 16 Nov 1998 Mohamed Lemine Ould
Guig
(b. 1958)
PRDS
16 Nov 1998 - 6 Jul 2003 Cheikh El Avia
Ould Mohamed Khouna
(s.a.)
PRDS
(2nd time)
6 Jul 2003 - 7 Aug 2005 Sghair Ould
M'Bareck
(b.
1954)
PRDS
7 Aug 2005 - 20 Apr 2006 Sidi Mohamed Ould
Boubacar
(s.a.)
PRDS
(2nd time)
20 Apr 2007 - 6 May 2008 Zeine Ould
Zeidane
(b. 1966)
Non-party
6 May 2008 - 6 Aug 2008 Yahya Ould
Ahmed El
Waghef
(b. 1960) PNDD
6 Aug 2008 - 14 Aug 2008 Vacant
14 Aug 2008 - 20 Aug 2014 Moulaye Ould Mohamed
Laghdaf (s.a.)
Non-party
20 Aug 2014 - 29 Oct 2018 Yahya Ould
Hademine
(b.
1953)
Non-party
29 Oct 2018 - 5 Aug 2019 Mohamed Salem Ould
Béchir
(b.
1962)
UPR
5 Aug 2019 - 6 Aug 2020
Ismaïl Ould Bedda Ould
Cheikh (b.
1961)
UPR
Sidiya
6 Aug 2020 - 5 Aug 2024 Mohamed Ould
Bilal
(b. 1963)
UPR;2022 PE
5 Aug 2024 -
Moktar Ould Diay
(b. 1973)
PE
Territorial Dispute: Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara remain
dormant.
Party abbreviations: PE =
Parti de l'Équité/Hizb al-Insaf (Equity Party, populist,
liberal conservative, center-right, former UPR, est.3
Jul 2022); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: PNDD
= Pacte National pour la Démocratie et le
Développement (National Pact for Democracy
and Development, ADIL, pro-presidential, 2007-27 Dec
2019, merged into UPR);
PPM = Parti du Peuple
Mauritanien (Mauritanian People's Party,
authoritarian, centralist, islamic socialist, Oct
1961-Jul 1978 only legal party, former PRM,
1960-1978); PRDS
= Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social
(Democratic and Social Republican Party,
authoritarian, social democratic, 1991-2005
government party, 1991-2005, renamed PRDR - Parti
Républicain pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau
[Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal]);
PRM = Parti de Regroupement
Mauritanien (Mauritanian Gathering Party, nationalist,
1958-1961, merged into PPM); UPM = Union
Progressiste Mauritanienne
(Mauritanian Progressive Union, traditionalist,
1948-1958, merged into PRM); UPR = Union
pour la République (Union for the Republic,
centrist, populist, 5 May 2009-3 Jul 2022, renamed PE)
Arguin
1443
Baía de Arguim sighted by Nuno Tristão of Portugal.
1445 - 5 Feb
1633
Portuguese a factory (Arguim).
5 Feb 1633 - 29 Aug 1678
Dutch rule (Fort Der-Lyncourt)(brief English occupation in
1665).
29 Aug 1678 - Sep
1678 French occupation (Fort
d'Arguin).
Sep
1678
Abandoned.
5 Oct 1685 - 7 Mar 1721
Brandenburg (from 1701, Prussian) rule.
7 Mar 1721 - 11 Jan 1722 French rule.
11 Jan 1722 - 20 Feb 1724 Dutch rule.
20 Feb 1724 - 5 May 1728 French rule.
Captains (alcaide-mor)
1445 - 14..
João Fernandes
c.1455 - 146.
Soeiro Mendes de Évora
1481/82
João Afonso
11 Jul 1492 - 10 Aug 1495 Afonso de Moura
1495/99 - 1501
Fernão Soares
1505 - 1508
Gonçalo da Fonseca
1508 - 1511
Francisco de Almada
1511 - 1514
Fernão Pinto
1514 – Nov 1514
Pero Vaz de Almeida
Nov 1514 - 1517
Estêvão da Gama
1517 - 1521
António Portocarreiro
1521 – 1522
Gonçalo da Fonseca
1522 – 1525
Rui Cotrim
1525 – 1528
Lourenço de Paiva
1528 - 1532
Brás Gomes de Carvalhosa
Jan 1532 -
15..
Brás Correia Pantoja
1541
Francisco de Hevão ?
1543
João Gomes o Souro (Osouro)
1545 - 1547
Cristovão Falcão de Sousa
(b. 1515/18 - 1553/37)
1547 - 1549
Gil Sardinha
1549/1550
Cristovão de Rosales
1551
Pedro Valdez Rosales
1569
Lionis da Gama
1575
João Leite Pereira
1576
Bráz Guedes de Carvalho ?
c.1577
Antonio de Carvalho
15.. - 15..
Antonio Pinto
c.1591
Belchior de Landim
1592 - 1628
João Gonçalves de
Ataide, (b. 1560 - d.
1628)
conde de
Atouguia
(captain-donatary)
16.. -
16..
Rodrigo Freire
.... - ....
Aires Tavares and
.... - ....
Fernando de Sande
1623 -
1624
Amador Louzado
1624 -
16..
Francisco Cordovil
162. - 1633
Abrão de Tovar
1628 - 1633
Luis de Ataide, conde de
(d. 1639)
Atouguia
(captain-donatary)
Governors
Feb 1633 - 1634
Abraham van (de) Pere
1634 - 16..
Daniel van (de) Pere
c.1634
Fouck
(or Joas Koeck)
16.. - 29 Aug 1678
....
29 Aug 1678 - Sep 1678
.... -French commander
Sep 1678 - 5 Oct 1685 abandoned
7 Oct 1685 - 1691
Cornelis
Reers
1691 - 1694
Lambrecht de Hond
1694 - 1712
Jan Reers (1st time)
1700 -
1702
Christian Düring
(acting
for Reers)
6 Jul 1712 - 1717
Jan de Both Nicolaes (1st
time)
1717 - 7 Mar 1721
Jan Wynen Bastiaens
7 Mar 1721 - 16 Oct 1721 Julien du
Bellay Duval
(d. 1721)
1721
Claude
Bonneaventure le Riche
1721 - 11 Jan
1722 Jan
de Both Nicolaes (2nd time)
(acting)
Jan 1722 - 20 Feb 1724
Jan Reers (2nd time)
Feb 1723 - 4 Jun 1723 Marion
-French governor
(in
opposition)
20 Feb 1724 - 7 Jan 1727 Louis
Barthélemy de la Motte (d. 1727)
1727 - 5 May 1728
Claude Garcin
© Ben Cahoon
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