São Tomé and Príncipe
-
- to 5 Nov 1975
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- 1967 Proposed
Colonial Flag
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-
- Adopted 5 Nov 1975
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Map
of São Tomé
and
Príncipe
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Hear
National Anthem
"Independência total"
(Total Independence)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 1975
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Constitution
(10 Sep 1990; in
Portuguese)
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Capital:
São Tomé
(Santo António
1753 - 5 Oct 1852)
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Currency:
Dobra (STD);
1911-1977 São Tomé e Príncipe
Escudo (STE)
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National
Holiday: 12 Jul (1975)
Dia da Independência
(Independence Day)
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Population:
211,122 (2019)
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GDP: $686
million (2017)
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Exports:
$15.6 million (2017)
Imports: $127.7
million (2017)
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Ethnic
groups: Mestiços/Forros (black- white mixture)
79.5%,
Angolares
(descendants of runaway slaves) 7.6%,
European (primarily Portuguese) 1.9%, Asian and others (2000) |
Total Active
Armed Forces: 600 (2007)
Merchant marine:
15 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%,
Assembly
of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana
2.3%, Universal Kingdom
of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness
1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%,
unspecified 1% (2012)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA,
AfDB, AOSIS, APM, AU, BTWC, CCM,
CD, CEEAC, CEMAC, CEN-SAD,
CPLP, CTBT, CWC, EITI
(suspended), ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-77,
IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA,
ISA, ISO
(subscriber), ITU, ITUC, LU, MIGA, NAM,
NPT, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNCLOS, UNESCO, UNFCC,
UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO (observer)
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São
Tomé and
Príncipe Index
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Chronology
21 Dec
1470
São Tomé discovered by João de
Santarem
and Pêro Escobar and claimed for
Portugal.
17 Jan
1471
Príncipe discovered, named Ilha de
Santo Antão
(António); from 1502 renamed Príncipe.
1472
Formosa
island, later named Fernão
do Po,
discovered
and claimed for Portugal.
1 Jan 1474
Ano Bom
(Annobón) island discovered and
claimed
for Portugal from
1494.
1485
São Thomé a Portuguese colony (donataria).
1500
Príncipe a Portuguese colony (donataria)(named
Santo
António to 1502).
19 Dec 1522
São Thomé made a Portuguese crown
colony.
15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec
1640 Islands along with Portugal
a Spanish possession.
9 Jul 1595 - 4
Jan 1596 São Thomé
occupied by slaves during a revolt.
9
Aug 1598 - 26 Nov 1598
Dutch occupation of Príncipe.
19 Oct 1599 - 5 Nov
1599 Dutch occupation
of São Thomé.
16 Oct 1641 - 6 Jan
1649 Dutch
occupy São Thomé and Ano Bom
(Annobón)(13
Nov
1642 - 16 Dec 1644 only
in Fort St. Sebastiaan
[São Sebastião],
at Dutch factory to 6 Jan 1649).
19 Apr 1709 - 15 May 1709
French occupation of São
Thomé.
29 Oct
1753
Captaincy-general of Islands
in the Gulf of Guinea
(Ilhas
do Golfo da Guiné) a united
Portuguese
crown colony.
1777
Captaincy-general
of São Tomé e Príncipe.
11 Mar
1778
Ano Bom and Fernão
do Po ceded to Spain by
Portugal
(see Equatorial
Guinea).
7 Dec 1836
Province of São
Thomé e Príncipe (Província
de São
Thomé e Príncipe).
29 Apr 1878
Slavery abolished in São
Thomé (by 29 Apr 1858
Portuguese royal decree).
22 Nov
1926
Colony of São Tomé e Príncipe (Colónia
de São Tomé
e Príncipe).
11 Jun
1951
São Tomé e Príncipe a
Portuguese overseas province
(Província
de São Tomé e Príncipe).
21 Dec
1974
Autonomy, transitional government
formed.
12 Jul
1975
Democratic Republic of São Tomé
and Príncipe
(República
Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe),
independent.
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São
Tomé and
Príncipe
(from 1753)
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São Tomé
(1485-1753)
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Príncipe
(1502-1753,
from 1995)
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São Tomé
21 Dec
1470
São Tomé discovered by João de Santarem
and Pêro Escobar and claimed for Portugal.
1485
São Thomé a Portuguese colony (donataria).
19 Dec 1522
São Thomé a Portuguese crown colony.
9 Jul 1595 - 4 Jan 1596 São
Thomé occupied by slaves during a revolt.
18 Oct 1599 - Nov 1599 Dutch
occupation.
16 Oct 1641 - 6 Jan 1649 Dutch
occupation.
19 Apr 1709 - 15 May 1709 French
occupation.
29 Oct
1753
United with Principe to form colony of
São Thomé and Príncipe (s.a.).
Donataries of São Tomé
24 Sep 1485 - 3 Feb 1490 João de Paiva
3 Feb 1490 - 29 Jul 1493 João Pereira
29 Jul 1493 - 28 Apr 1499 Álvaro de Caminha
Souto-Maior (d. 1499)
1499 – 4 Jan
1500 Vacant
4 Jan 1500 - c.1510
Fernão de Melo
1512? -
c.1516
João de Melo da Câmara
c.1516 - c.1517
Diogo de Alcáçova
c.1517 – 19 Dec 1522
João de Melo
Captains-donatary
1485 -
1490
João de Paiva
1490 -
1493
João Pereira
1493 - 1499
Álvaro de Caminha Souto-Maior
(s.a.)
11 Dec 1499 - c.1512
Fernão de Melo
1512? - c.1516
João de Melo da Câmara
c.1516 -
c.1517
Diogo de Alcáçova
1517 - 19 Dec 1522
João de Mello
Captains-major
1523 -
15..
Vasco Esteves
15.. -
1531
Fernão Lopes de Segura
1531 -
c.1535
Henrique Pereira
c.1535 -
1541
Pedro Botelho (1st time)
1541 -
1545
Diogo Botelho Pereira
(d. 1550)
1545 –
1546
Lourenço Fernandes da Silva
1546 -
c.1554
Francisco de Barros de Paiva
(d. 1560)
c.1558 -
1559
Pedro Botelho (2nd time)
1559 -
1560
Cristóvão de Barros
1560 -
1564
Cristóvão Dória de Sousa
1564 -
1569
Francisco de Gouveia
(d. 1577)
1569 - 1570
Francisco de Paula Teles
1570 -
1575
Diogo Salema
1575 -
c.1582
António Monteiro Maciel
c.1582 -
c.1584
Ana Álvares de Chaves (f) (acting) (b. c.1520 - d.
c.1600)
c.1584 -
1586
Francisco Fernandes de Figueiredo (d. 1587)
Governors
1586 -
1587
Francisco Fernandes de Figueiredo (s.a.)
1587
Martinho de Ulhoa (acting)
(b. 1496 - d. 1606)
1587 -
1591
Miguel Teles de
Moura
(d. 1591)
1591
Gonçalo Alves
(acting)
1591 -
1592
Duarte Peixoto da Silva
(d. 1592)
1592 -
1593
Frei
Francisco de Vila Nova de (d. 1600)
Portimão
(acting)
1593 -
1597
Fernando de Meneses
9 Jul 1595 - 4 Jan 1596 Amador
Vieria -Leader
(d. 1595)
(in rebellion, rules São Tomé
except Ft. São Sebastião)
1597 - 1598
Vasco de Carvalho
1598 - 19 Oct 1599
João Barbosa da Cunha (1st time)
(acting)
Dutch Commandants
19 Oct 1599 - 24 Oct 1599 Pieter van
der
Does
(b. 1562 - d. 1599)
24 Oct 1599 - 1599
Cloper
(d. 1599)
1599 - 5 Nov 1599
Leijnsen
Governors
5 Nov 1599 -
1601 João
Barbosa da Cunha (2nd time)
(acting)
1601 -
1604
António Marcel Monteiro (acting)
1604 - 1605
Rui de Sousa de Alarcão
1605 -
1608
Pedro Botelho de Andrade
1608 -
1609
João Barbosa da Cunha (3rd time)
(acting)
25 Jan 1609 – Feb 1609 Fernando
de Noronha
(d. 1609)
Feb 1609 – c.Jun 1609 João
Barbosa da Cunha (4th time)
(acting)
c.Jun 1609 - 1609
Fernão Barbosa da Cunha
1609 -
1611
Constantino Lobo
Tavares
(d. 1611)
1611
João Barbosa da Cunha (4th time)
(acting)
1611
Francisco Teles de
Meneses
(d. 1611)
1611 -
1613
Luís Dias de Abreu (1st time)
(d. 1620)
1613 -
1614
Feliciano Coelho de Carvalho (d.
1614)
1614 – 6 Jul
1614
Jerónimo de Quintanilha, bispo
(d. 1614)
de São Tomé e Príncipe
1614 -
1616
Luís Dias de Abreu (2nd time) (s.a.)
1616 -
1620
Miguel Correia
Baharem
(d. 1620)
1620 – 26 Oct
1621
Frei Pedro da Cunha Lobo
(d. 1621)
26 Oct 1621 – May 1623 Félix
Pereira
May 1623 -
1627
Jerónimo de Melo Fernando
1627 -
1628
André Gonçalves Maracote
(d. 1628)
1628 – 30 Oct
1630
Lourenço Pires de Távora (1st time)
(acting)
30 Oct 1630 -
1632
Francisco Barreto de Meneses (d.
1632)
1632 – Apr
1636
Lourenço Pires de Távora (2nd time)
(acting)
Apr 1636 – Jul
1636 António
de Sousa Carvalho (d.
1636)
Jul 1636
Filipe Tavares Metello
Jul 1636 -
1640
Lourenço Pires de Távora (3rd time)
(acting)
1640
Manuel Quaresma Carneiro
(d. 1640)
1640 -
1641
Miguel Pereira de Mello e
Albuquerque (acting)
16 Oct 1641 - 6 Jan 1649 Dutch occupation
1641 – 8 Nov
1642
Paulo da Ponte (acting)
8 Nov 1642 -
1645
Lourenço Pires de Távora (4th time)
1645 – 28 Sep
1656
Jerônimo Correia de
Carvalho
28 Sep 1656 -
1661
Cristóvão de Barros e Rêgo
1661 -
1669
Pedro da Silva
1669 -
1671
Paulo Ferreira de Noronha
1671 -
1673
Chamber Senate
1673 – 13 Jul
1677
Julião de Campos Barreto
13 Jul 1677 -
1680
Bernardino Freire de Andrade
1680 – 13 Jan
1683
Jacinto de Figueiredo e Abreu (d.
1683)
13 Jan 1683 –
1683 Chamber
Senate
1683 – 12 Nov
1687
João Álvares da Cunha (acting) (d. 1696)
12 Nov 1687 –
1687
António Pereira de Brito e Lemos (d. 1687)
1687 – Jun
1689
Bento de Sousa Lima
(d. 169?)
1689 -
1693
António Pereira de Lacerda
1693 -
1694
António Pereira de Berredo
(d. 1694)
1694 – 22 Jul
1695 Chamber
Senate
22 Jul 1695 – 8 Jan 1696 José Pereira Sodré
(d. 1696)
8 Jan 1696 – Oct 1697 João
da Costa Matos
+ Chamber Senate
Oct 1697 – Feb
1702 Manuel
António Pinheiro da Câmara
1702 – 17 Oct
1709
José Correia de Castro
17 Oct 1709 - Jun 1710 Vicente
Dinis Pinheiro
(d. 1710)
19 Apr 1709 - 15 May 1709 ... Parent -French
commander
Jun 1709 – 24 Jun 1715 Government
Junta
24 Jun 1715 -
1716
Bartolomeu da Costa Ponte (acting)
1716 – Oct
1717
Chamber Senate
Oct 1717 -
1720
António Furtado de Mendonça
1718 - 1718
Chamber Senate
+ José de Castro
(acting
for Mendonça)
1720 – 13 Apr
1722 Chamber
Senate
13 Apr 1722 – 22 Oct 1727 José Pinheiro da Câmara
22 Oct 1727 – 4 Jan 1731 Serafim Teixeira
Sarmento de Sá
4 Jan 1731 – 5 Dec 1736 Lopo de Sousa
Coutinho
(d. 1755)
5 Dec 1736 – May 1741 José
Caetano de Soto Maior (d.
1756)
May 1741 – 26 Jun 1741 António
Ferrão de Castello Branco (d. 1741)
26 Jun 1741 -
1744 Chamber
Senate
1744
Tomás Luís da Conceição, bispo
(d. 1744)
de São Tomé e Príncipe
1744 -
1745
Francisco de Álvaro Brandão (acting)
1745 –
1747
Chamber Senate
1747 -
1748
Francisco Luís das
Chagas
(d. 1748)
1748 – 21 May
1751 Chamber
Senate
21 May 1751 – 2 Jun 1751 António Rodrigues
Neves (b. 1678
- d. 1751)
2 Jun 1751 -
1754 Chamber
Senate
Captains-major
1758 - 1768
João Francisco de Almeida
1768 – 1780
Luis de Almeida Preto de Carvalho
1780 – 1787
Gregório Alves Pereira
1787 – 1788
João Antonio Teixeira de Bragança
1788 – 1799
João Batista e Silva de Lagos
1799 - 18..
António Jacinto de Araújo
18.. – 1802
Tomás José da Costa
+ André
Teixeira de Sousa e Aragão
c.1802 – 23 Sep 1810 Gabriel
Antonio Franco de Castro
23 Sep 1810 – 27 Jun 1815 João Ferreira Guimarães
(d. 1818)
27 Jun 1815 – 8 Nov 1815 Raimundo José da
Cunha Mattos (b. 1776 - d. 1839)
8 Nov 1815 - 18..
Francisco de Sousa Carvalho
18.. - 18..
Bernardino José Simões
18.. - 18..
Duarte José da Silva
Dutch Occupation (1641-1649)
16 Oct 1641 - 6 Jan 1649 Dutch occupy São
Tomé and Ano Bom (Annobón)(13 Nov
1642 - 16 Dec 1644 only in Fort St. Sebastiaan
[São Sebastião], at Dutch factory to 6 Jan 1649).
Dutch West India Company Commanders
(13 Nov 1642 - 16 Dec 1644 only
in Fort St. Sebastiaan, at
Dutch factory to 6 Jan 1649)
16 Oct 1641 - 31 Oct 1641
Cornelis Cornelissen
Jol
(b. 1597 - d. 1641)
31 Oct 1641 - 1642?
Matheus Jansen
c.27 Oct
1642
Jan Coenders
c.29 Oct1642-c.16 Nov1642
Heijndrick Dominicus van der Nes
c.14 Dec
1642
Gerrit Jansen Hasenbouth
c.26 Jun
1643
Adam Tessmer
c.1645 - Sep 1648
Johan
Mulder
(d. 1648)
c.4 Oct 1648 - 6 Jan 1649
Laurens Jacobsen (commander)
+ Reijner Doltkens (Doeckens)(factor)
São Tomé and
Príncipe
Secretary General of the Movement for the Liberation
of São Tomé e Príncipe
1972 - Oct
1990
Manuel do Espírito Santo Pinto da (b. 1937)
Costa
("leading role" of the party abolished 10 Sep 1990)
Captains-general of the Islands in the Gulf of
Guinea
1754
Lopo de Sousa
Coutinho
(d. 1754)
1754 – Feb
1758
Chamber Senate
Feb 1758 -
1761
Luís Henrique da Mota e Melo
1761 -
1767
Chamber Senate
1767 - 1768
Lourenço Lôbo de Almeida Garcéz
(d. 1768)
Palha
1768 – Nov
1770
Chamber Senate
Nov 1770 – Jul
1779 Vicente
Gomes Ferreira
Jul 1779 -
1782
João Manuel da
Azambuja
(d. 1782)
1782 -
1786
Cristóvão Xavier de Sá
1786 –
1788
João António Teixeira de Bragança
(acting)
1788 – 7 Jan
1797
João Rosendo Tavares Leotte
7 Jan 1797 – 7 Feb 1797 Inácio
Francisco da Nóbrega
(d. 1797)
Sousa Coutinho
7 Feb 1797 –
1797
Manuel Monteiro de Carvalho
(acting)
1797 – 13 Oct
1797
António Pereira Bastos Lima Varela
Barca
+ Manuel Francisco Joaquim da Mota
(acting)
13 Oct 1797 –
1798
Francisco de Paula Leite
+ José Joaquim Borges da Silva
1798 – 4 Aug
1799
Francisco Rafael de Castello de
(d. 1800)
Vide
+ João da Costa Cravide
+ João Ferreira Guimarães
(d. 1818)
+ Manuel Monteiro de Carvalho
+ Joaquim Pedro
Lagrange
4 Aug 1799 – 4 Oct 1802 João Baptista
e Silva de Lagos
4 Oct 1802 – 31 Aug 1805 Gabriel António
Franco de Castro
31 Aug 1805 -
1815
Luís Joaquim
Lisboa
(b. 17.. - d. 1815)
1815 –
1816
Governing Junta
1816 –
1817
Luís de Abreu Vieira
(d. 1817)
1817
Governing Junta
1817 -
1824
Felipe de Freitas
Apr 1820 - Aug 1821
João Baptista e Silva de Lagos
(from 13 Jul 1821, chairman provisional government)
(1st time)
Aug 1821 - 25 Sep 1821 Duarte José da
Silva
(chairman provisional government)
25 Sep 1821 -
1824 João
Baptista e Silva de Lagos
(chairman provisional government)
(2nd time)
1824 -
1830
João Maria Xavier de Brito
29 Jun 1830 - 26 Sep 1833 Joaquim Bento da Fonseca
(b. c.1776 - d.
18..)
1834 - 1835
Provisional government
Governors of São Tomé e Príncipe
1835 -
1836
Provisional government
1836 -
1837
Fernando José Correia Henriques de (b. 1800 - d.
....)
Noronha (acting)
Aug 1837 - 2 Sep 1837
Francisco de Álva Brandão
(chairman of the Chamber)
2 Sep 1837 - 24 Mar 1838 Leandro José da
Costa (1st time)
24 mar 1838 - 12 Jun 1838 Provisional
government
- Filipe de Freitas Paiva Henriques
- Jacinto Pereira Carneiro
- Francisco Ferreira Coelho Cintra
1838 -
1839
José Joaquim de Urbanski
1839
José Fernando da Costa (acting)
(military governor)
1839 -
1843
Bernardo José de Sousa
Soares (b. 1795 -
d. 1844)
de Andrea
5 Feb 1843 - 2 Mar 1843 Leandro José
da Costa (2nd time)
2 Mar 1843 - 1 May 1846 José Maria
Marques (1st time)
1 May 1846 – 26 Jan 1847 Chamber Senate
26 Jan 1847 – 30 Sep 1847 Leandro José da Costa
(3rd time)
30 Sep 1847 - 22 Nov 1847 Carlos Augusto de Morais
e Almeida (b. 1807 - d. 1847)
22 Nov 1847 - 20 Jul 1848 Chamber Senate
20 Jul 1848 - 30 Jun 1849 José Caetano René Vimont
Pessôa (d. 1849)
12 Dec 1849 - 9 Mar 1851 Leandro José da
Costa (4th time)
9 Mar 1851 - 20 Mar 1853 José Maria Marques
(2nd time)
20 Mar 1853 - 28 Jul 1855 Francisco José de Pina
Rolo
28 Jul 1855 - 21 Mar 1857 Adriano Maria
Passaláqua
(d. 1857)
21 Mar 1857 - 15 Jan 1858 Government Council (incomplete)
- Bernardo Francisco de Albuquerque
15 Jan 1858 - 29 May 1858 Francisco António
Correia
(d. 1858)
29 May 1858 - 7 Feb 1859 Government
Council (incomplete)
- Candido Augusto Xavier?
- Bernardo Soares Vieira da
Mota
7 Feb 1859 – 8 Jul 1860 Luis José
Pereira e Horta (d.
1861)
8 Jul 1860 – 21 Nov 1860 Government
Council (incomplete)
- Manuel de Melo
- Vicente Frederico Scarnichia
21 Nov 1860 - 8 Jul 1862 José Pedro de Melo
(b. 1824 - d. 1877)
8 Jul 1862 - 17 Nov 1862 Chamber Senate
17 Nov 1862 - 30 Mar 1863 José Eduardo da Costa
Moura
30 Mar 1863 - 8 Jan 1864 João Baptista
Brunachy (1st time) (d. 1884)
8 Jan 1864 - 2 Aug 1865 Estanislau
Xavier de Assunção e (b. 18.. -
d. ...)
Almeida (1st time)
2 Aug 1865 - 30 Jul 1867 João Baptista
Brunachy (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Jul 1867 - 30 Sep 1867 António Joaquim Gomes da
Fonseca (b. 1839 - d. 1870)
30 Sep 1867 - 30 May 1869 Estanislau Xavier de
Assunção e (s.a.)
Almeida (2nd time)
30 May 1869 - 7 Oct 1872 Pedro Carlos
de Aguiar Craveiro
(b. 1834 - d. ....)
Lopes
7 Oct 1872 - Jul 1873 João
Clímaco de
Carvalho
(b. 1856 - d. 1873)
Jul 1873 – 28 Oct 1873 Government
Council
28 Oct 1873 - 6 Sep 1876 Gregório José
Ribeiro
(b. 1829 - d. 1884)
6 Sep 1876 – 1 Nov 1876 Government
Council
1 Nov 1876 - 26 Sep 1879 Estanislau Xavier
de Assumpção e (s.a.)
Almeida (3rd time)
26 Sep 1879 - 28 Nov 1879 Francisco Joaquim
Ferreira do (b. 1844
- d. 1923)
Amaral
28 Nov 1879 - 3 Jan 1880 Custódio Miguel de
Borja (1st time) (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
(acting)
3 Jan 1880 - 30 Dec 1881 Vicente Pinheiro
Lôbo Machado de (b. 1852 - d. 1922)
Mello e Almada, visconde de
Pindela
30 Dec 1881 - 26 Jan 1882 Augusto Maria Leão
(acting)
26 Jan 1882 - 23 May 1884 Francisco Teixeira da
Silva (b.
1826 - d. 1894)
23 May 1884 – 24 May 1884 António
Augusto Crispiniano da
Fonseca
(acting)
24 May 1884 - 25 Aug 1886 Custódio Miguel de Borja
(2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Aug 1885 – 19 Sep 1885 Augusto Cesar de
Moura Cabral (b. 1848 - d.
....)
(acting
for Borja)
25 Sep 1885 – 25 Feb 1886 Augusto Cesar de Moura
Cabral (s.a.)
(acting
for Borja)
25 Aug 1886 - 9 Mar 1890 Augusto César
Rodrigues Sarmento (b. 1835 - d. ....)
9 Mar 1890 - 26 Jun 1891 Firmino José
da Costa
26 Jun 1891 - 8 Dec 1894 Francisco Eugénio
Pereira de (b. 1848 - d.
1895)
Miranda
8 Dec 1894 - 8 Apr 1895 Jaime Lobo de
Brito Godins (acting)
8 Apr 1895 - 16 Mar 1897 Cipriano Leite
Pereira Jardim (b. 1841 - d.
1913)
16 Mar 1897 – 5 Apr 1897 Artur de Almeida
Ribeiro
(b. 1865 - d. 1943)
(president of
Government Council)
5 Apr 1897 - 5 Apr 1899 Joaquim da
Graça Correia e Lança (b. 1856 - d. 1900)
5 Apr 1899 - 3 Jan 1901 Amâncio de
Alpoim Cerqueira (b.
c.1860 - d. 1912)
Borges Cabral
3 Jan 1901 - 8 May 1901 Francisco
Maria Peixoto Vieira
(acting)
8 May 1901 - 1 Oct 1902 Joaquim Xavier
de Brito
1 Oct 1902 – 8 Oct 1902 Bernardo
Correia de
Castro
(b. 1866 - d. 1912)
Sepúlveda
(1st time)(acting)
8 Oct 1902 - 17 May 1903 João Abel Antunes
de Mesquita (b. 1848 - d.
19..)
Guimarães
17 May 1903 – 7 Jun 1903 Bernardo Correia de
Castro
(s.a.)
Sepúlveda (2nd time)(acting)
7 Jun 1903 - 12 Dec 1903 João Gregório
Duarte Ferreira (b. 1863
- d. 1922)
(1st time)(acting)
12 Dec 1903 – 14 Dec 1903 Bernardo Correia de
Castro
(s.a.)
Sepúlveda
(3rd time)(acting)
14 Dec 1903 - 13 Apr 1907 Francisco de Paula Cid
13 Apr 1907 - 24 Jun 1907 Vitor Augusto Chaves
Lemos e (b. 1856 - d.
1919)
Melo (1st time) (acting)
24 Jun 1907 – Sep 1908 Pedro
Berquó
Sep 1908 – 24 Oct 1908 José
Gomes de Carvalho (acting)
24 Oct 1908 - 13 Mar 1909 Vitor Augusto Chaves
Lemos e (s.a.)
Melo (2nd time) (acting)
13 Mar 1909 - Mar 1910 José
Augusto Vieira da Fonseca (d. 1940)
Mar 1910 – 30 May 1910 António
Maria da Silva (acting)
30 May 1910 – 13 Jun 1910 Bernardo Correia de
Castro
(s.a.)
Sepúlveda
(4th time)(acting)
13 Jun 1910 - 21 Jul 1910 Jaime Daniel Leote do
Rego (b. 1867 - d.
1923)
(1st time)
21 Jul 1910 – 7 Aug 1910 Government
Council
7 Aug 1910 – Oct 1910 Fernando
Augusto de Carvalho
Oct 1910 – 19 Oct 1910 Nicolau
Reis (acting)
19 Oct 1910 – 11 Nov 1910 Henrique Alberto de
Oliveira
(acting)
12 Nov 1910 – 2 Dec 1910 Carlos de Mendonça
Pimentel e
Melo (acting)
2 Dec 1910 - 5 Jun 1911 António Pinto
Miranda Guedes (b.
1875 - d. 1937)
5 Jun 1911 – 14 Jun 1911 Avelino Augusto de
Oliveira Leite (d. 1950)
(1st
time)(acting)
14 Jun 1911 – 5 Nov 1911 Jaime Daniel Leote
do Rego
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
5 Nov 1911 – 24 Dec 1911 Augusto Ferreira
dos Santos (b. 1870 -
d. 1944)
(acting)
24 Dec 1911 – 18 Apr 1913 Mariano
Martins
(b. 1880 - d. 1943)
Apr 1912 – 14 Jun 1912 Augusto
Ferreira dos Santos
(s.a.)
(acting
for Martins)
18 Apr 1913 – 13 May 1913 Government Council
13 May 1913 – Feb 1915 Pedro do
Amaral Boto Machado (b. 1868
- d. 1921)
(1st
time)
Feb 1915 – 31 May 1915 Rafael
dos Santos Oliveira (acting)
31 May 1915 - 6 Jun 1915 José Dionisio
Carneiro de Sousa (b. 1868 - d. 1962)
e Faro
6 Jun 1915 – 28 Jul 1915 Rafael dos Santos
Oliveira
(2nd time) (interim)
Aug 1915 – Sep
1915 Joaquim
José Duarte Guimarães
(acting)
Sep 1915 – Apr
1916 Bernardo
Lopes da Silva (1st time)
(acting)
Apr 1916 – Jun
1917 Pedro do
Amaral Boto Machado (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
Jun 1917 – Sep
1917 Bernardo
Lopes da Silva (2nd time)
(acting)
Sep 1917 – 28 Jul 1918 Rafael
dos Santos Oliveira
(3rd
time)
28 Jul 1918 - 11 Jun 1919 João Gregório Duarte
Ferreira (s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Jun 1919 - 25 Sep 1920 Avelino Augusto de
Oliveira Leite (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Sep 1919 – Feb
1920 Júlio
César de Andrade Freire (b.
1884 - d. 19..)
(acting
for Leite)
Feb 1920
António Julio de Almeida Barbosa
(acting
for Leite)
Feb 1920 – Mar
1920 Bernardo
Francisco Bruto da Costa
(acting
for Leite)
Sep 1920 – 25 Sep 1920 Júlio
César de Andrade Freire (s.a.)
(acting)
25 Sep 1920 - 22 Oct 1920 José Augusto da
Conceição Alves
Vélez (acting)
22 Oct 1920 - 2 Jul 1921 Eduardo Nogueira de
Lemos (1st time)
(acting)
2 Jul 1921 - Dec 1923 António José
Pereira
1923
João Pinto Crisóstomo
(acting
for Pereira)
Dec 1923 – 23 Jan 1924 Eduardo
Nogueira de Lemos (2nd time)
(acting)
23 Jan 1924 - May 1926 Eugénio de
Barros Soares Branco (b. c.1889 - d.
19..)
May 1926 – 8 Jul 1926
Sebastião José Barbosa (1st time)
(acting)
8 Jul 1926 - 30 Aug 1928 José Duarte
Junqueira
Rato
(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
30 Aug 1928 - 30 Jan 1929 Sebastião José Barbosa
(2nd time)
(acting)
30 Jan 1929 - 31 Aug 1929 Francisco Penteado
31 Aug 1929 - 17 Dec 1933 Luís Augusto Vieira
Fernandes
17 Dec 1933 - 8 May 1941 Ricardo Vaz
Monteiro
(b. 1891 - d. 1975)
8 May 1941 - 5 Apr 1945 Amadeu Gomes
de Figueiredo
(b. 1888 - d. 1946)
5 Apr 1945 - Jun 1953
Carlos de Sousa
Gorgulho
(d. 1972)
Jul 1948 - 8 Oct 1950
Afonso Manuel Machado de Sousa
(1st time)(acting for Gorgulho)
8 Oct 1950 - 28 Jun 1952 Mário José Cabral
Oliveira Castro
(acting for Gorgulho)
28 Jun 1952 - 18 Apr 1953 Guilherme António Amaral
Abranches (b. 1907 - d. 1982)
Pinto (acting for Gorgulho)
18 Apr 1953 - 19 May 1953 Fernando Augusto
Rodrigues
(acting for Gorgulho)
19 May 1953 - Sep 1953 Afonso
Manuel Machado de Sousa
(acting [for Gorgulho to Jun 1953])
(2nd time)
Sep 1953 – 15 Aug 1954 Francisco
António Pires Barata (b.
1907 - d. 1987)
15 Aug 1954 - 15 Jun 1955 Luís da Câmara Leme
Faria (acting) (b. 1900 - d. ....)
15 Jun 1955 - 5 Dec 1956 Adelino José
Machado (acting) (b. 1898 - d.
1975)
5 Dec 1956 - 13 Oct 1957 Octávio Ferreira
Gonçalves (acting)
13 Oct 1957 – 26 Jul 1963 Manuel Marques de
Abrantes Amaral (b. 1914 - d. ....)
Jul 1961 – 4 Oct 1961
Aniano Mendes Serra
(acting
for Amaral)
26 Jul 1963 - 30 Oct 1963 Alberto Monteiro de
Sousa Campos
(acting)
30 Oct 1963 -
1972
António Jorge da Silva Sebastião (b. 1919 -
d. 2005)
17 Jan 1972 - 30 Apr 1974 João Cecílio
Gonçalves
30 Apr 1974 - May 1974 Licínio
Manuel Frota Pinto do Souto
(acting)
May 1974 – 29 Jul 1974 Junta of
National Salvation
-
António Cavaleiro de Ferreira
- António Velez Caldas
- José Maria Moreira de Azevedo
29 Jul 1974 - 18 Dec 1974 António Elísio
Capelo Pires Veloso (b. 1926 - d. 2014) MFA
High Commissioner
18 Dec 1974 - 12 Jul 1975 António Elísio
Capelo Pires Veloso (s.a.)
MFA
Presidents
12 Jul 1975 - 4 Mar 1991 Manuel do
Espírito Santo Pinto da (b. 1937)
MLSTP
Costa (1st time)
4 Mar 1991 - 3 Apr 1991 Leonel
Mário d'Alva (interim)
(b. 1935)
MLSTP
3 Apr 1991 - 15 Aug 1995 Miguel dos
Anjos da Cunha Lisboa (b.
1936)
Non-party/ADI
Trovoada (1st time)
15 Aug 1995 - 21 Aug 1995 Manuel Quintas de
Almeida (b. 1957? -
d. 2006) Mil
(president of Junta of National Salvation)
21 Aug 1995 - 3 Sep 2001 Miguel dos
Anjos da Cunha Lisboa
(s.a.)
ADI
Trovoada (2nd time)
3 Sep 2001 - 16 Jul 2003 Fradique
Bandeira Melo de Menezes (b.
1942) ADI;
2001:
(1st time)
MDFM-PL
16 Jul 2003 - 23 Jul 2003 Fernando
Pereira
(b. 1963)
Mil
(president of Military Junta of National Salvation)
23 Jul 2003 - 3 Sep 2011 Fradique
Bandeira Melo de Menezes
(s.a.)
MDFM-PL
(2nd time)
3 Sep 2011 - 3 Sep 2016 Manuel
do Espírito Santo Pinto da (s.a.)
Non-party
Costa (2nd time)
3 Sep 2016 - 2 Oct 2021 Evaristo
do Espírito
Santo
(b. 1941 - d. 2022) ADI
Carvalho
2 Oct 2021
-
Carlos Manuel Vila
Nova
(b. 1959) ADI
Prime ministers
21 Dec 1974 - 12 Jul 1975 Leonel Mário
d'Alva
(s.a.)
MLSTP
12 Jul 1975 - 9 Apr 1979 Miguel dos
Anjos da Cunha Lisboa
(s.a.)
MLSTP
Trovoada
9 Apr 1979 - 8 Jan 1988 Post
abolished
8 Jan 1988 - 7 Feb 1991
Celestino Rocha da
Costa
(b. 1938 - d. 2010) MLSTP
7 Feb 1991 - 16 May 1992 Daniel Lima
dos Santos
Daio (b.
1947)
PCD-GR
16 May 1992 - 2 Jul 1994 Norberto
José d'Alva Costa Alegre (b. 1951)
PCD-GR
7 Jul 1994 - 25 Oct 1994 Evaristo do
Espírito
Santo
(s.a.)
PCD-GR/
Carvalho (1st
time)
Non-party
25 Oct 1994 - 15 Aug 1995 Carlos Alberto
Monteiro Dias (b.
1931 - d. 2013) MLSTP-PSD
da Graça (1st
time)
15 Aug 1995 - 21 Aug 1995 Vacant
21 Aug 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Carlos
Alberto Monteiro Dias
(s.a.)
MLSTP-PSD
da Graça (2nd time)
31 Dec 1995 - 19 Nov 1996 Armindo Vaz
d'Almeida
(b. 1953 - d. 2016) MLSTP-PSD
19 Nov 1996 - 5 Jan 1999 Raul
Wagner Bragança
Neto
(b. 1946 - d. 2014) MLSTP-PSD
5 Jan 1999 - 18 Sep 2001 Guilherme
Posser de
Costa
(b.
1953)
MLSTP-PSD
26 Sep 2001 - 28 Mar 2002 Evaristo do
Espírito
Santo
(s.a.)
ADI
Carvalho (2nd time)
28 Mar 2002 - 7 Oct 2002 Gabriel
Arcanjo Ferreira da Costa (b.
1954)
Non-party
(1st time)
7 Oct 2002 - 16 Jul 2003 Maria das Neves
Ceita Baptista (b.
1958)
MLSTP-PSD
de Sousa (f) (1st time)
16 Jul 2003 - 23 Jul 2003 Vacant
23 Jul 2003 - 18 Sep 2004 Maria das Neves
Ceita Baptista
(s.a.)
MLSTP-PSD
de Sousa (f) (2nd time)
18 Sep 2004 - 8 Jun 2005 Damião Vaz
d'Almeida
(b.
1951)
MLSTP-PSD
8 Jun 2005 - 21 Apr 2006 Maria do
Carmo Trovoada Pires de (b.
1961)
MLSTP-PSD
Carvalho Silveira (f)
21 Apr 2006 - 14 Feb 2008 Tomé Soares da Vera
Cruz
(b. 1956)
MDFM-PL
14 Feb 2008 - 22 Jun 2008 Patrice Emery
Trovoada (1st time) (b. 1962)
ADI
22 Jun 2008 - 14 Aug 2010 Joaquim Rafael
Branco
(b. 1953)
MLSTP-PSD
14 Aug 2010 - 12 Dec 2012
Patrice Emery Trovoada (2nd time)
(s.a.)
ADI
12 Dec 2012 - 29 Nov 2014 Gabriel
Arcanjo Ferreira da Costa
(s.a.)
MLSTP-PSD
(2nd time)
29 Nov 2014 - 3 Dec 2018
Patrice Emery Trovoada (3rd time)
(s.a.)
ADI
3 Dec 2018 - 11 Nov 2022 Jorge Lopes Bom
Jesus
(b. 1962)
MLSTP-PSD
11 Nov 2022
-
Patrice Emery Trovoada (4th time)
(s.a.)
ADI
Party abbreviations: ADI = Acção
Democrática Independente (Independent Democratic Action,
liberal, christian democratic, center-right, est.1994);
MLSTP-PSD = Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e
Príncipe-Partido Social Democrata (Movement for
the Liberation of São Tomé e Príncipe - Social
Democratic Party, democratic socialist, former MLSTP,
est.Oct 1990); PCD = Partido de Convergência
Democrática (Democratic Convergence Party, split from MLSTP-PSD,
former PCD-GR, est.2001); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: MDFM-PCD
= Movimento Democrático Força da Mudança-Partido
de Convergência Democrática (Force for Change Democratic
Movement-Democratic Convergence Party, electoral
coalition, 2002-May 2008); MDFM-PL
= Movimento Democrático das Forças da
Mudança-Partido Liberal (Force for Change
Democratic Movement-Liberal Party, 2001-Aug 2018);
MFA = Movimento das Forças Armadas (Movement
of Armed Forces, organization of lower-ranked
left-leaning Portuguese military officers,
1973-1976); MLSTP = Movimento
de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe (Movement
for the Liberation of São Tomé e Príncipe,
Marxist–Leninist commuinist, 1960-72 named
Comité de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe [Committee
for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe], 12 Dec
1975 - Aug 1990, state party, 1972-Oct
1990, renamed MLSTP-PSD);
PCD-GR = Partido de Convergência
Democrática-Grupa de Reflexão (Democratic Convergence
Party-Reflection Group, split from MLSTP-PSD,
4 Nov 1990-2001, renamed PCD)
Príncipe
Adopted Apr 2011 |
Map
of Príncipe
|
Capital: Santo
António
|
Regional Holiday:
29 Apr (1995)
Dia da Autonomia
(Autonomy Day)
|
Population: 8,420
(2018)
|
17 Jan
1471
Discovered and claimed for Portugal, named Ilha de
Santo Antão
(António).
1500 - 1753
Separate Portuguese colony (donataria)
under the Carneiro family.
1502
Renamed Príncipe.
9 Aug 1598 - 26 Nov 1598
Dutch occupation of Príncipe.
19 Jun 1719
English pirates under Bartholomew
Roberts "Black Bart" (b. 1682
- d. 1722) destroy Santo António.
25 Oct
1753
Príncipe authorized to be bought by the Portuguese
Crown;
donatary is made a count in exchange for the
island.
29 Oct
1753
United with São Thomé to form colony of São
Thomé and
Príncipe (s.a.).
15 Nov
1753
Office of capitão mór da ilha do Principe
abolished.
29 Apr
1995
Autonomous Region of Príncipe (Região Autónoma do
Príncipe)
established.
Donataries
1500 - 3 Apr 1545
António Carneiro, senhor
de Vimioso (b. 1459 - d. 1545)
1545 - 15..
Francisco de Alcaçova
Carneiro (b.
c.1500 - d. 15..)
15.. - 16..
Luís
Carneiro
(b. c.1530 - d.
....)
16.. - 1640
Francisco Carneiro
(b. c.1570 - d. 1640)
1640 - 1690
Luís
Carneiro de Sousa,
(b. 1610 - d. 1690)
(from 4 Feb 1640) conde da Ilha
do Príncipe
1690 - 7 Jan 1708
Francisco Luís Carneiro
de Sousa, (b. 1640 - d. 1708)
conde da Ilha do Príncipe
7 Jan 1708 - 6 Nov 1724 António
Carneiro de Sousa, (b.
1680 - d. 1724)
conde da Ilha do Príncipe
6 Nov 1724 - 18 Nov 1731 Francisco
Carneiro de Sousa, (b. 1709 -
d. 1731)
conde da Ilha do Príncipe
18 Nov 1731 - 29 Oct 1753 Carlos Carneiro
de Sousa e Faro, (b.
1710 - d. 1770)
conde da Ilha do Príncipe
Captains of the Donataries
1500 - 1515
Vasco Carneiro
1515 - 1517
Diogo Alcaçova
1517 - 15..
João Fialho
9 Aug 1598 - 26 Nov 1598 Cornelis
de
Moucheron -Dutch commander
c.1725
Antonio Franco Português
c.1731
João Fernandes Lemos
15.. - 15 Nov
1753
....
Governors
1820
José Xavier Gonzaga de Sá
(chairman provisional government)
1836
Interim Provisional Government
Junta
- Jacinto Pereira Carneiro
- José Ferreira Gomes
- Padre José Gomes de Andrade e Silva
1838 - 24 Mar 1838
Provisional Government Junta
- Fray José Gomes de Andrade Silva
- Francisco Martins Xavier
- Francisco de Alva Brandão
c.1851
Francisco Ferreira Coelho Cintra
c.1852
Manuel Francisco Landolph
c.1852 - 185.
Manuel Mariano Ghira
c.1854 - 1857
Joaquim José de Sousa Osório Menezes
c.1857 – 1860
João Manuel de Melo
c.1862
João Filipe de
Gouveia
1881 - 1882
Augusto Frutuoso Figueiredo
de (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
Barros
Presidents of the Regional Government
29 Apr 1995 - 12 Apr 2002 Damião Vaz
d'Almeida
(b.
1951)
MLSTP-PSD
12 Apr 2002 - 20 Jun 2006 Zeferino dos
Prazeres
(b. 1960)
MLSTP-PSD
20 Jun 2006 - 5 Oct 2006 João Paulo
Cassandra (provisional) (b. 1961)
Non-party
5 Oct 2006 - 18 Aug 2020
José Cardoso dos Ramos Cassandra
(b. 1964) UMPP
18 Aug 2020
-
Filipe
Nascimento
(b. 1989)
UMPP
Party abbreviations: MLSTP-PSD
= Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e
Príncipe-Partido Social Democrata (Movement for
the Liberation of São Tomé e Príncipe-Social Democratic
Party, democratic socialist, former MLSTP, est.Oct
1990); UMPP = União para Mudança e
Progresso do Príncipe (Union for Change and Progress in
Principe, Principe Island regionalist, electoral
coalition supported supported PCD, ADI, Frente
Democrática Cristã, and to 2018 MDFM-PL, est.2006)
© Ben Cahoon
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