Suriname
 

27 Feb 1667 - 15 Dec 1959 15 Dec 1959 - 25 Nov 1975 Adopted 25 Nov 1975 Map of Suriname Hear National Anthem "God zij met ons Suriname!"  (God Be With Our Suriname) Text of National Anthem Adopted 7 Dec 1954 Constitution (30 Sep 1987) Capital: Paramaribo (Fort Zeelandia 1739-1815; Fort Kykoveral 1667-1739; Fort Willoughby 1650-1667) Currency: Surinamese Guilder (SRG); 1815-1940 Dutch Guilder (NLG) National Holiday: 25 Nov (1975) Onafhankelijkheidsdag (Independence Day) Population: 646,758 (2024) GDP: $12.3 billion (2024) Exports: $2.79 billion (2024) Imports: $2.57 billion (2024) Ethnic groups: Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of 19th century) 27.4%, "Maroon" (their African ancestors were brought to country in 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior) 21.7%, Creole (mixed white and black) 15.7%, Javanese 13.7%, mixed 13.4%, other 7.6%, unspecified 0.6% (2012) Total Active Armed Forces: 1,840 (2025) Merchant marine: 13 ships (2023) Religions: Protestant 23.6% (includes Evangelical 11.2%, Moravian 11.2%, Reformed 0.7%, Lutheran 0.5%), Hindu 22.3%, Roman Catholic 21.6%, Muslim 13.8%, other Christian 3.2%, Winti 1.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 1.7%, none 7.5%, unspecified 3.2% (2012) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, ACS, ACTO, ALBA (special guest), AOSIS, APM, BTWC, C (applicant), Caricom, CDB, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, DLU (associate), EITI (suspended), ESCR, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISESCO, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAP, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PROSUR, UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Suriname Chronology 1593 - 1629                Spanish colony (Provincia de Guayana)(as part of                              Venezuela/Nueva Granada). 1650 -  6 Mar 1667         English settlement at Willoughby-Land (modern-day                               Paramaribo) under William Willoughby, Baron                              Willoughby of Parham (b. c.1616 - d. 1673). 27 Feb 1667                Dutch begin conquest of Suriname under Commodore                              Abraham Crijnssen.  6 Mar 1667                Suriname colony (Kolonie Suriname)(after 1816                              commonly called Dutch Guiana [Nederlands-Guiana]). 1667 -  1 Jan 1792         Under Dutch West India Company (Verenigde                              Westindische Compagnie) rule.     31 Jul 1667                Formally ceded to Netherlands by England by the                              Treaty of Breda (ratified 24 Aug 1667). 18 Oct 1667 - 28 Apr 1668  English re-occupation. 28 Apr 1668                Dutch rule restored by Commodore Crijnssen. 20 Aug 1799 -  4 Dec 1802  British occupation.  9 May 1804 - 27 Feb 1816  British occupation.  1 Aug 1828 - 16 Jul 1845  Dutch Guiana, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint                              Eustatius, and Sint Maarten united as the                              Dutch West Indies; with the governor of Dutch                              Guiana as the governor-general.  1 Jul 1863                Slavery abolished by law in Dutch Guiana and the                              Caribbean islands.  1 Apr 1937                First Constitution of Suriname (of 1936) enacted. 25 Nov 1941 - Jun 1943     U.S. forces garrison Suriname (Dutch rule continues) 20 Sep 1948                Suriname a coequal part of The Netherlands realm. 15 Dec 1954                Autonomous part of The Netherlands, end of                              colonial status. 25 Nov 1975                Independence (Republic of Suriname [also spelled                              Surinam until 23 Jan 1978]).

Chairman of the National Military Council (de facto leader)
25 Feb 1980 - 25 Jan 1988  Désiré "Dési" Delano Bouterse      (b. 1945 - d. 2024)  Mil

Governor Spanish Guayana Province
c.1593 - 1629              Domingo de Vera e Llargoyen        (b. c.1550 - d. 1629)
Governors of Willoughby-Land
1650 - 1654                Anthony Rowse (Rous)
1652 - 1654                Richard Holdip
                             (appointed by Parliament)
1654 - 1657                Vacant
1657 -  6 Mar 1667         William Byam                       (b. 1623 - d. 1670)
Commander of Dutch Suriname (of the Dutch West India Company)
 5 Mar 1667 - 18 Oct 1667  Maurits de Rama
English governors
18 Oct 1667 -  3 Nov 1667  John Harman (Hermans)              (d. 1673)
 3 Nov 1667 -  1 Feb 1668  Samuel Barry                       (d. c.1698)
1668                       James Bannister                    (b. 1624 - d. 1674)
Commanders of Dutch Suriname (of the Dutch West India Company)
28 Apr 1668 - 16 Feb 1669  Abraham Crijnssen (acting)         (b. c.1600 - d. 1669)
16 Feb 1669 - Jan 1671     Philip Julius Lichtenbergh         (b. 1637 - d. 1678)
Jan 1671 - 22 Mar 1677     Pieter Versterre (acting)          (d. 1677)
22 Mar 1677 - 22 Dec 1677  Abel Thisso (1st time)(acting)
22 Dec 1677 - 15 Mar 1678  Tobias Adriaensen 
15 Mar 1678 - Dec 1678     Abel Thisso (2nd time)(acting)
Dec 1678 - Apr 1680        Johannes Heinsius                  (b. c.1625 - d. 1680)
Apr 1680 - Sep 1680        Everhard van Hemert (acting)
Sep 1680 - 26 Nov 1683     Laurens Verboom (acting)           (b. 1654 - d. 1688)
Governors (of the Dutch West India Company)
28 Nov 1683 - 19 Jul 1688  Cornelis van Aerssen, heer van     (b. 1637 - d. 1688)
                             Sommelsdijck, Bommel, de Plaat,
                             Spijck
28 Jul 1688 - 12 Mar 1689  Abraham van Vredenburg (acting)
12 Mar 1689 - 14 May 1696  Johan van Scharphuizen             (d. 1699)
                             (Scharphuysen)
14 May 1696 -  2 Mar 1707  Paulus van der Veen                (b. c.1660 - d. 1733)
 2 Mar 1707 - 27 Sep 1707  Wilhelm de Gruijter (Gruyter)      (b. 16.. - d. 1707)
27 Sep 1707 - 19 Jan 1710  François Anthony de Raineval       (b. 16.. - d. 1726)    
                             (Rayneval)(1st time) (acting)
19 Jan 1710 - 28 Jul 1715  Johan de Goijer                    (b. 16.. - d. 1715)
28 Jul 1715 - 22 Jan 1716  François Anthony de Raineval       (s.a.)      
                             (2nd time) (acting)
22 Jan 1716 -  4 Oct 1717  Johan de Mahony                    (b. 16.. - d. 1717)
 4 Oct 1717 -  2 Mar 1718  François Anthony de Raineval       (s.a.)      
                             (3rd time) (acting)
 2 Mar 1718 -  4 Sep 1721  Johan Coutier                      (b. 16.. - d. 1721)
 4 Sep 1721 -  1 Mar 1722  François Anthony de Raineval       (s.a.)      
                             (4th time) (acting)
Governors-general (of the Dutch West India Company to 1 Jan 1792)
(also the Governors-general of the Dutch West Indies 20 May 1848 - 16 Jul 1845)
 1 Mar 1722 - 17 Sep 1727  Hendrik Temminck                   (b. c.1680 - d. 1727)
17 Sep 1727 -  9 Nov 1728  Johannes Bley (acting)
 9 Nov 1728 - 26 Jan 1734  Karel Emilius Henry de Cheusses    (b. 1702 - d. 1734)
26 Jan 1734 - 11 Dec 1734  Johan François Cornelis de Vries   (b. 1680 - d. 1738)
                             (1st time) (acting)
11 Dec 1734 - 26 Jan 1735  Jacob Alexander Henry de Cheusses  (b. 1704 - d. 1735)
26 Jan 1735 -  4 Mar 1735  Johan François Cornelis de Vries   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 4 Mar 1735 - 22 Dec 1735  Councils of the Court of Police
                           and Criminal Justice (acting)
22 Dec 1735 - 11 Aug 1737  Johan Raije van Brenelerwaard      (b. 1699 - d. 1737)
11 Aug 1737 - 15 Oct 1742  Gerard van de Schepper             (d. 1763)
                             (acting to 1738)
15 Oct 1742 - 23 Apr 1751  Johan Jacob Mauricius              (b. 1692 - d. 1768)
23 Apr 1751 -  7 Sep 1752  Hendrik Ernst baron van Spörcke    (d. 1752)
                             (acting)
 7 Sep 1752 - 22 Oct 1754  Wigbold Crommelin (1st time)       (b. 1712 - d. 1789)
                             (acting)
22 Oct 1754 - 24 Aug 1756  Pieter Albert van der Meer         (d. 1756)
24 Aug 1756 - 21 Jan 1757  Jan Nepveu (1st time) (acting)     (b. 1719 - d. 1779)
21 Jan 1757 - 22 Nov 1768  Wigbold Crommelin (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting to 20 Sep 1757)
22 Nov 1768 - 27 Feb 1779  Jan Nepveu (2nd time)              (s.a.)
                             (acting to 8 Mar 1770)
27 Feb 1779 - 23 Sep 1783  Bernard Texier                     (b. 1725 - d. 1783)
23 Sep 1783 - 24 Dec 1784  Wolphert Jacob Beeldsnijder        (b. 1742 - d. 1793)
                             Matroos (acting)
24 Dec 1784 - 15 Jun 1790  Jan Gerhard Wichers                (b. 1745 - d. 1808)
15 Jun 1790 -  4 Dec 1802  Juriaan François de Frederici      (b. 1751 - d. 1812)
                             (acting to 24 Aug 1792)
 4 Dec 1802 -  9 Dec 1803  Willem Otto Blois van Treslong     (b. 1765 - d. 1837)
                             (acting)
 9 Dec 1803 -  9 May 1804  Pierre Bérranger
                             (commissioner-general)
 9 May 1804 - 15 Apr 1805  Sir Charles Green                  (b. 1749 - d. 1831)
15 Apr 1805 - 27 Sep 1808  William Carlyon Hughes             (b. 1752 - d. 1808)
                             (lieutenant governor)
27 Sep 1808 -  4 May 1809  Sir John Wardlau Bar (acting)      (b. 1756 - d. 1823)       
 4 May 1809 -  8 Nov 1811  Charles Ferdinand Bentinck         (b. 1764 - d. 1811)
                             (chief commissioner)
 8 Nov 1811 - 27 Feb 1816  Pinson Bonham (acting)             (b. 1762 - d. 1855)
27 Feb 1816 - 18 Jul 1816  Willem Benjamin van Panhuijs       (b. 1764 - d. 1816)
18 Jul 1816 -  1 Apr 1822  Cornelis Reinhard Vaillant (acting)(b. 1781 - d. 1849)
 1 Apr 1822 - 12 Oct 1827  Abraham de Veer                    (b. 1767 - d. 1838)
12 Oct 1827 - 20 May 1828  Johannes Graaf van den Bosch       (b. 1780 - d. 1844)
                             (commissioner-general for the West Indian possessions)
20 May 1828 - 19 Dec 1831  Paulus Roeloff Cantz'laar          (b. 1771 - d. 1831)
19 Dec 1831 -  5 Jun 1838  Evert Ludolph baron van Heeckeren  (b. 1784 - d. 1838) 
                             (acting to 6 May 1832)
 5 Jun 1838 - 16 Jul 1839  Philippus de Kanter (1st time)     (b. 1804 - d. 1852)
                             (acting)
16 Jul 1839 - 31 Mar 1842  Julius Constantijn Rijk            (b. 1787 - d. 1854)
31 Mar 1842 - 15 Nov 1842  Philippus de Kanter (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
15 Nov 1842 - 16 Jul 1845  Burchard Jean Elias                (b. 1799 - d. 1871)
16 Jul 1845 - 13 Oct 1845  Philippus de Kanter (3rd time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
13 Oct 1845 -  1 Mar 1852  Reinier Frederik baron van Raders  (b. 1794 - d. 1868)
 1 Mar 1852 - 14 Jun 1852  Philippus de Kanter (4th time)     (s.a.)
                             (acting)
14 Jun 1852 - 22 Jun 1852  Coenraad Barends (acting)
22 Jun 1852 - 25 Aug 1855  Johann George Otto Stuart von      (b. 1806 - d. 1857) 
                             Schmidt auf Altenstadt
25 Aug 1855 - 11 Aug 1859  Charles Pierre Schimpf             (b. 1813 - d. 1886)
11 Aug 1859 - 29 Jun 1867  Reinhart Frans van Lansberge       (b. 1804 - d. 1873)
29 Jun 1867 -  1 Aug 1873  Willem Hendrik Johan van Idsinga   (b. 1822 - d. 1896)
 1 Aug 1873 -  1 Nov 1882  Cornelis Ascanius van Sypesteyn    (b. 1823 - d. 1892)
 1 Nov 1882 - 30 Jul 1885  Johannes Herbert August Willem     (b. 1829 - d. 1893)
                             baron van Heerdt tot Eversberg
30 Jul 1885 - 18 Jul 1888  Hendrik Jan Smidt                  (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
18 Jul 1888 - 30 Jan 1889  Warmolt Tonckens (1st time)(acting)(b. 1848 - d. 1922)
30 Jan 1889 - 27 Jun 1891  Maurits Adriaan de Savornin Lohman (b. 1832 - d. 1899)
27 Jun 1891 - 12 May 1896  Titus Anthony Jacob van Asch       (b. 1849 - d. 1902)
                             van Wijck
12 May 1896 -  4 Oct 1902  Warmolt Tonckens (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 4 Oct 1902 - 12 Sep 1905  Cornelis Lely                      (b. 1854 - d. 1929)
12 Sep 1905 - 18 Nov 1905  David Hendrick Havelaar (acting)   (b. 1852 - d. 1918)
18 Nov 1905 - 28 Feb 1908  Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (b. 1861 - d. 1935)
28 Feb 1908 - 10 Aug 1908  Pieter Hofstede Crull (1st time)   (b. 1862 - d. 1925) 
                             (acting)
10 Aug 1908 - 30 Jun 1911  Dirk Fock                          (b. 1858 - d. 1941)
30 Jun 1911 - 14 Jul 1911  Louis Marie Rollin Couquerque      (b. 1869 - d. 1960)
14 Jul 1911 - 17 Oct 1911  Pieter Hofstede Crull (2nd time)   (s.a.) 
                             (acting)
17 Oct 1911 - 25 Nov 1916  Willem Dirk Hendrik baron van      (b. 1858 - d. 1935)
                             Asbeck
25 Nov 1916 - 25 Nov 1919  Gerard Johan Staal (1st time)      (b. 1870 - d. 1936)
25 Nov 1919 - 15 Jul 1920  Lambertus Johannes Rietberg        (b. 1870 - d. 1924)
                             (1st time)
15 Jul 1920 - 16 Dec 1920  Gerard Johan Staal (2nd time)      (s.a.)
16 Dec 1920 - 23 May 1921  Lambertus Johannes Rietberg        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
23 May 1921 - 21 May 1924  Aarnoud Jan Anne Aleid baron van   (b. 1871 - d. 1957)
                             Reemstra (1st time)
21 May 1924 - 18 Sep 1924  Lambertus Johannes Rietberg        (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
18 Sep 1924 - 21 Feb 1925  Jan Luchies Nysingh                (b. 1877 - d. 1945)
21 Feb 1925 -  1 Apr 1928  Aarnoud Jan Anne Aleid baron van   (s.a.) 
                             Reemstra (2nd time)
 1 Apr 1928 - 16 Aug 1933  Abraham "Bram" Arnold Lodewijk     (b. 1884 - d. 1966)
                             Rutgers 
16 Aug 1933 -  3 Jan 1944  Johannes Coenraad Kielstra         (b. 1878 - d. 1951)
16 Aug 1935 - 12 Apr 1936  Johannes Cornelis Brons            (b. 1884 - d. 1964)
                             (1st time)(acting for Kielstra)
Sep 1938 - Jan 1939        Johannes Cornelis Brons            (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)(acting for Kielstra) 
 3 Jan 1944 -  2 Aug 1948  Johannes Cornelis Brons (3rd time) (s.a.)
 2 Aug 1948 -  2 Dec 1949  Willem Huender                     (b. 1900 - d. 1963)
 2 Dec 1949 - 11 Feb 1956  Jan Klaasesz                       (b. 1907 - d. 1997)
11 Feb 1956 - 18 Mar 1963  Jan van Tilburg                    (b. 1900 - d. 1977)
19 Mar 1963 - 22 Aug 1964  Archibald Currie                   (b. 1888 - d. 1986)
                             (acting to 1 May 1963)
22 Aug 1964 - 26 Feb 1965  François Haverschmidt (acting)     (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
26 Feb 1965 - 12 Aug 1968  Henri Lucien de Vries              (b. 1909 - d. 1987)
12 Aug 1968 - 25 Nov 1975  Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier          (b. 1910 - d. 2010)
Presidents
25 Nov 1975 - 13 Aug 1980  Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier          (s.a.)               Non-party
13 Aug 1980                Désiré "Dési" Delano Bouterse      (s.a.)               Mil 
                             (commander of the National Army)
                             (1st time)
13 Aug 1980 -  4 Feb 1982  Hendrick Rudolf Chin A Sen         (b. 1934 - d. 1999)  PNR
 4 Feb 1982 -  7 Feb 1982  Désiré "Dési" Delano Bouterse      (s.a.)               Mil
                             (commander of the National Army)
                             (2nd time)
 7 Feb 1982 - 25 Jan 1988  Lachmipersad Frederik "Fred"       (b. 1926 - d. 2004)  Non-party
                             Ramdat Misier (acting)
25 Jan 1988 - 29 Dec 1990  Ramsewak Shankar                   (b. 1937)            VHP
29 Dec 1990 - 15 Sep 1991  Johannes Samuel Petrus Kraag       (b. 1913 - d. 1996)  NPS + FDO
15 Sep 1991 - 14 Sep 1996  Runaldo Ronald Venetiaan (1st time)(b. 1936 - d. 2025)  NPS + NF
14 Sep 1996 - 12 Aug 2000  Jules Albert Wijdenbosch           (b. 1941 - d. 2025)  NDP 
12 Aug 2000 - 12 Aug 2010  Runaldo Ronald Venetiaan (2nd time)(s.a.)               NPS + NF
12 Aug 2010 - 16 Jul 2020  Désiré "Dési" Delano Bouterse      (s.a.)               NDP + MC
                             (3rd time)
16 Jul 2020 - 16 Jul 2025  Chandrikapersad "Chan" Santokhi    (b. 1959 - d. 2026)  VHP
16 Jul 2025 -              Jennifer Geerlings-Simons (f)      (b. 1953)            NDP

Chairman of the College of Assistance
 5 Apr 1948 - 25 Jun 1948  Arthur Johan May                   (b. 1903 - d. 1979)  Non-party
Chairmen of the College of General Management (from 20 Jan 1950, Government Council)
25 Jun 1948 - 21 Jun 1949  Arthur Johan May                   (s.a.)               Non-party
21 Jun 1949 -  2 Apr 1951  Julius Caesar de Miranda           (b. 1906 - d. 1956)  NPS
 5 Apr 1951 -  4 Jun 1951  Jacques Adam Drielsma              (b. 1886 - d. 1975)  Non-party
 4 Jun 1951 -  6 Sep 1952  Johannes "Jan" Ate Eildert Buiskool(b. 1899 - d. 1960)  Non-party
 6 Sep 1952 -  4 Dec 1952  Adriaan Cornelis Jasper Marius     (b. 1887 - d. 1952)  Non-party
                             Alberga
 4 Dec 1952 - 15 Dec 1954  Archibald Currie                   (s.a.)               NPS
                             (acting to 20 Aug 1954)
Prime ministers
15 Dec 1954 - 16 Apr 1955  Archibald Currie                   (s.a.)               NPS
16 Apr 1955 - 16 Jul 1958  Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier          (s.a.)               NPS
16 Jul 1958 - Jun 1963     Severinus Desiré "Freek" Emanuels  (b. 1910 - d. 1981)  NPS
Jun 1963 -  5 Mar 1969     Johan "Jopie" Adolf Pengel         (b. 1916 - d. 1970)  NPS
 5 Mar 1969 - 20 Nov 1969  Arthur Johan May (acting)          (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Nov 1969 - 24 Dec 1973  Jules Sedney                       (b. 1922 - d. 2020)  PNP
24 Dec 1973 - 25 Feb 1980  Henck Alphonsus Eugène Arron       (b. 1936 - d. 2000)  NPS + NPK
25 Feb 1980 - 15 Mar 1980  Vacant
15 Mar 1980 -  4 Feb 1982  Hendrick Rudolf Chin A Sen         (s.a.)               Non-party
 4 Feb 1982 - 31 Mar 1982  Vacant
31 Mar 1982 -  9 Dec 1982  Henry Roëll Neijhorst              (b. 1940)            Non-party 
 9 Dec 1982 - 26 Feb 1983  Vacant
26 Feb 1983 -  8 Jan 1984  Liakat Ali Errol Alibux            (b. 1948)            PALU
 8 Jan 1984 -  3 Feb 1984  Vacant
 3 Feb 1984 - 17 Jul 1986  Willem "Wim" Alfred Udenhout       (b. 1937 - d. 2023)  Non-party
17 Jul 1986 -  7 Apr 1987  Pretaapnarain Shawh Radhe Cheran   (b. 1935 - d. 2001)  VHP
                             "Pretaap" Radhakishun 
 7 Apr 1987 - 26 Jan 1988  Jules Albert Wijdenbosch           (s.a.)               NDP
Vice Presidents (chairing the Council of Ministers ex officio)
26 Jan 1988 - 29 Dec 1990  Henck Alphonsus Eugène Arron       (s.a.)               NPS + FDO
29 Dec 1990 -  7 Jan 1991  Vacant
 7 Jan 1991 - 16 Sep 1991  Jules Albert Wijdenbosch           (s.a.)               NDP
16 Sep 1991 - 15 Sep 1996  Jules Rattankoemar Ajodhia         (b. 1945 - d. 2024)  VHP + NF
                             (1st time)
15 Sep 1996 - 12 Aug 2000  Pretaapnarain Shawh Radhe Cheran   (s.a.)               BVD
                             "Pretaap" Radhakishun
12 Aug 2000 - 12 Aug 2005  Jules Rattankoemar Ajodhia         (s.a.)               VHP + NF
                             (2nd time)
12 Aug 2005 - 12 Aug 2010  Ramdien "Ram" Sardjoe              (b. 1935)            VHP + NF
12 Aug 2010 - 12 Aug 2015  Robert Leo Antonius Ameerali       (b. 1961)            ABOP + MC
12 Aug 2015 - 16 Jul 2020  Michael Ashwin Satyandre Adhin     (b. 1980)            NDP
16 Jul 2020 - 16 Aug 2025  Ronnie Brunswijk                   (b. 1961)            ABOP 
16 Aug 2025 -              Gregory Allan Rusland              (b. 1959)            NPS

Commander of U.S. Surinam Base Force (1st Battalion Force "A")
25 Nov 1941 - 1942         Parley Doney Parkinson             (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
Commanding officer of U.S. Army Forces in Surinam
1942 - Jun 1943            Paul L. Singer 

Territorial Disputes: In Mar 2021, Suriname and France signed an agreement to establish their border along the Maroni/Marowijne River and its tributary the Lawa River and to cooperate in combating illegal gold mining; however, the area further south between the Litani/Itany and Maroni/Marowijne Rivers is still disputed, with Suriname claiming the border is along the Maroni/Marowijne to the east and France arguing it is along the Litani/Itany River to the west; Suriname and Guyana dispute the territory between two rivers, known as the New River/Nieuwe Rivier Triangle, with Suriname contending that the New River (also called the Upper Corentyne) to the west marks their common border, while Guyana asserts that the Kutari/Koetari River to the east forms the border; each side claims that their river is the source of the Corentyne/ Corantijn River that forms a border further north between the two countries; the Permanent Court of Arbitration settled the maritime boundary between Suriname and Guyana in 2007 in an area with potentially substantial oil reserves.

Party abbreviations (political parties banned 1985-1987): ABOP = Algemene Bevrijdings- en Ontwikkelingspartij (General Liberation and Development Party, est.1986); BEP = Broederschap en Eenheid in de Politiek (Brotherhood and Unity in Politics, mostly Maroon, est.1973); BVD = Basispartij voor Vernieuwing en Democratie (Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy, mainly East Indian, split from VHP, est.1996); MC = Megacombinatie (Mega Combination, NDP coalition incl. PALU, BVD to 2009, KTPI and Nieuw Suriname, est.2008); NDP = Nationale Democratische Partij (National Democratic Party, left-wing, formerly authoritarian, est.1987); NF = Nieuwe Front (New Front, anti-NDP coalition of NPS, VHP, Suriname Labor Party, former FDO, est.1990); NPS = Nationale Partij Suriname (National Party of Suriname, center-left, social democratic, mainly Creole, est.29 Sep 1946); PALU = Progressieve Arbeiders- en Landbouwers Unie (Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union, socialist, est.1977); VHP = Vooruitstrevende Hervormingspartij (Progressive Reform Party, multi-ethnic, originally East Indian to 2011, 1949-1966 named Verenigde Hindoestaanse Partij [United Hindustani Party], est.1949); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: FDO = Front voor Democratie en Ontwikkeling (Front for Democracy and Development, democratic coalition of NPS, VHP and KTPI, 1987-1990, renamed NF); NC = National Coalition (PNP and NPS, 1973-1977); NPK = Nationale Partij Kombinatie (National Party Combination, pro-independence coalition of NPS, PNR, PSV and Kaum Tani Persatuan Indonesia [KTPI], 1973-1980); PNP = Progressieve Nationale Partij (Progressive National Party); PNR = Partij Nationalistische Republiek (Nationalist Republic Party, Creole, 1959-1961 named Nationalistische Beweging Suriname [Nationalist Movement Suriname], 1961-1987); PSV = Progressieve Surinaamse Volkspartij (Surinamese Progressive People's Party, christian democratic, mainly Creole, Aug 1946-Aug 2015)