U.S. Native American Nations
 

Nations: Absentee-Shawnee - Acoma Pueblo - Agua Caliente - Ak-Chin - Alabama-Coushatta of Texas - Alabama-Quassarte - Apache of Oklahoma - Augustine Band - Bad River Chippewa - Barrow - Bay Mills - Big Pine - Big Valley - Bishop Paiute - Blackfeet of Montana - Bois Forte Chippewa - Bridgeport - Burns Paiute - Cabazon - Caddo Nation - Cahuilla - Cahto of Laytonville - Campo Band - Capitan Grande Diegueno Mission (Barona and Viejas) - Catawba - Cayuga - Chehalis - Chemehuevi - Cheyenne River Sioux - Cherokee Nation - Cheyenne & Arapaho - Chickahominy - Chickasaw Nation - Chinook - Chippewa Cree of Rocky's Boy - Chitimacha - Choctaw of Mississippi - Choctaw of Oklahoma - Citizen Potawatomi - Cocopah - Coeur d'Alene - Cold Springs - Colorado River Indian Tribes - Colville - Comanche Nation - Cochiti Pueblo - Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw - Coquille - Coushatta of Louisiana - Cow Creek Umpqua - Cowlitz - Crow Creek Sioux - Crow Tribe Montana - Curyung - Delaware of Nation - Delaware Tribe -  Duck Valley Shoshone-Paiute - Duckwater Shoshone - Duwamish - Eastern Band of Cherokee - Eastern Chickahominy - Eastern Pequot - Eastern Shawnee of Oklahoma - Eastern Shoshone - Ely Shoshone - Ewiiaapaayp - Fallon Paiute-Shoshone - Flandreau Santee Sioux - Fond du Lac Chippewa - Forest County Potawatomi - Fort Belknap - Fort Bidwell - Fort Independence - Fort McDermitt Paiute & Shsoshone - Fort McDowell Yavapai - Fort Mojave - Fort Peck Tribes - Fort Sill Apache - Fort Yuma Quechan - Gila River - Goshute Confederated - Grand Portage Chippewa - Grand Ronde - Grand Traverse Ottawa and Chippewa - Grindstone - Hannahville - Havasupai - Hoh - Ho-Chunk - Hoopa Valley - Hopi - Houlton Maliseet - Hualapai - Iipay of Santa Ysabel - Inaja Diegueno - Inupiat - Iowa of Kansas & Nebraska - Iowa of Oklahoma - Isleta Pueblo - Jamestown S'Klallam - Jamul Indian Village - Jemez Pueblo - Jena Choctaw - Jicarilla Apache - Kaibab Band of Paiute - Kalispel - Karuk - Kaw - Ketchikan - Keweenaw Bay - Kialegee - Kickapoo in Kansas - Kickapoo of Oklahoma - Kickapoo of Texas - Kiowa of Oklahoma - Klamath - Kootenai of Idaho - Kotzebue - La Jolla Band - La Posta - Lac du Falambeau - Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa - Lac Vieux Desert Chippewa - Laguna Pueblo - Las Vegas Paiute - Leech Lake Chippewa - Little River Ottawa - Little Shell Chippewa - Little Traverse Bay Odawa - Lone Pine Paiute - Los Coyotes - Lovelock Paiute - Lower Brule Sioux - Lower Elwha - Lower Sioux - Lummi  Makah - Manchester Rancheria - Manzanita - Mashantucket Pequot - Mashpee Wampanoag‏ - Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Pottawatomi - Menominee - Mesa Grande - Mescalero Apache - Metlakatla - Miami Tribe of Oklahoma - Miccosukee - Mik'maq Nation - Mille Lacs Chippewa - Minnesota Chippewa‏ - Moapa Paiute - Modoc Nation - Mohegan - Monacan - Morongo Band - Muckleshoot - Muscogee (Creek) Nation - Nambe Pueblo - Nansemond - Narragansett - Navajo - Nez Perce - Nisqually - Nooksack - Nome Eskimo - Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River - Northern Cheyenne - Northwestern Shoshone - Nottawaseppi Huron Potawatomi - Oglala Sioux - Ohkay Owingeh - Omaha - Oneida of New York - Oneida Nation (WI) - Onondaga - Osage - Ottawa of Oklahoma - Orutsararmiut - Otoe-Missouria - Paiute of Utah - Pala Band - Pamunkey - Pascua Yaqui - Passamaquoddy - Pauma Band - Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma - Pechanga Band - Penobscot - Peoria of Oklahoma - Picuris Pueblo - Poarch Band - Pojoaque Pubelo - Pokagon Band - Ponca of Nebraska - Ponca of  Oklahoma - Port Gamble S'Klallam - Prairie Band Potawatomi - Prairie Island Indian Community - Puyallup - Pyramid Lake Pauite - Quapaw Nation - Quartz Valley - Quileute - Quinault - Ramona Cahuilla - Rappahannock - Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa - Red Lake Band of Chippewa - Reno-Sparks - Rincon Band - Robinson Rancheria - Rosebud Sioux - Round Valley - Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa - Sac & Fox of Missouri - Sac & Fox of Oklahoma - Saginaw Chippewa - Saint Croix Chippewa - Saint Regis Mohawk - Salish & Kootenai - Salt River Pima-Maricopa - Samish - San Carlos Apache - San Felipe Pueblo - San Ildefonso Pueblo - San Juan Southern Paiute - San Pasqual - Sandia Pueblo - Santa Ana Pueblo -  Santa Clara - Santa Rosa Cahullia - Santa Rosa Rancheria - Santa Ynez Band - Santee Sioux - Santo Domingo Pueblo - Saulk-Suiattle - Sault Ste. Marie Chippewa - Schaghticoke - Seminole of Florida - Seminole of Oklahoma - Seneca Nation - Seneca-Cayuga - Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux - Shawnee of Oklahoma - Sherwood Valley - Shoalwater Bay - Shinnecock - Shoshone-Bannock - Siletz - Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate - Sitka - Skokomish - Skull Valley Goshute - Snoqualmie - Sokaogon Chippewa - Soboba Band - Southern Ute - Spirit Lake - Spokane Tribe - Squaxin Island - Standing Rock Sioux - Stillaguamish - Stockbridge Munsee - Summit Lake Paiute - Sun'aq of Kodiak - Suquamish of Port Madison - Susanville - Swinomish - Sycuan Kumeyaay - Taos Pueblo - Tejon - Te-Moak Western Shoshone - Tesuque Pueblo - Thlopthlocco Tribal Town - Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold - Timbisha Shoshone - Tlingit and Haida - Tohono O'odham - Tonawanda Seneca - Tonkawa - Tonto Apache - Torres-Martinez Desert Cahullia - Tuolumne - Tulalip - Tule River - Tunica-Biloxi - Turtle Mountain Chippewa - Tuscarora - Twenty-Nine Palms Band - Umatilla - United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee - Upper Mattaponi - Upper Sioux - Upper Skagit - Ute of Uintah & Ouray - Ute Mountain Ute - Utu Utu Gwaitu - Walker River Paiute - Wampanoag of Gay Head - Warm Springs - Washoe - White Earth Chippewa - White Mountain Apache - Wichita & Affiliated Tribes - Winnebago of Nebraska - Winnemucca - Wyandotte Nation - Yakama - Yankton Sioux - Yavapai-Apache - Yavapai-Prescott - Yerington Paiute - Yomba Shoshone - Ysleta del Sur Pueblo - Yurok - Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation - Zia - Zuni -

Note: As of 29 Jan 2021, there were 574 Native American tribal nations (variously called tribes, nations, bands, confederations, communities, rancheria, pueblo, and villages) recognized by the United States federal government, under the Constitution, by treaties, statutes, or by court decisions as "sovereign domestic dependent nations under the U.S. protection" (231 of these are located in Alaska). They have formal government-to-government relations with the United States federal government, enjoy internal self-government and administer the territories they reserved for themselves. During 1887-1906, the majority of natives were granted U.S. citizenship, the remaining natives were declared to be the citizens in 1924. Currently this page lists a little more than half of the total recognized Native American Nations (not listed are a majority of the Alaska native villages and of California rancherias). Additionally, four nations whose recognition in the 2000's did not become final are listed. More data will be added as information becomes available. Nations are listed alphabetically according to the State in which their lands are currently located.

  Due to the vast number of tribal entities on this page any assistance adding or updating information is greatly appreciated. 

Map of  Indian Reservations in the Continental United States  and  Map of Early Native American Languages

National Congress of American Indians 

17 Nov 1944                National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), an American Indian
                             and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization, founded to
                             represent the tribes and resist U.S. federal government pressure
                             for termination of tribal rights and assimilation (the
                             organization continues to be an association of federally
                             recognized and state-recognized Indian tribes).

Presidents of the National Congress of American Indians
1944 - 1952                Napoleon B. Johnson (Cherokee)(b. 1891 - d. 1974)
1953 - 1959                Joseph R. Garry               (b. 1910 - d. 1975)
                             (Coeur d'Alene)
1960 - 1964                Walter "Blackie" Wetzel       (b. 1915 - d. 2003)
                             (Blackfeet)
1965 - 1966                Clarence Wesley               (b. 1914 - d. 1988)
                             (San Carlos Apache)
1967 - 1968                Wendell Chino                 (b. 1923 - d. 1998)
                             (Mescalero Apache)
1969 - 1970                Earl Old Person (Blackfeet)   (b. 1929 - d. 2021)
1971 - 1972                Leon F. Cook                  (b. 1939 - d. 2021)
                             (Red Lake Chippewa)
1973 - 1976                Mel Tonasket (Colville)       (b. 1939)
1977 - 1978                Veronica Homer Murdock (f)    (b. 1944 - d. 2024)
                             (Colorado River Tribes-Mohave)
1979 - 1980                Edward J. Driving Hawk        (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
                             (Rosebud Sioux)
1981 - 1984                Joseph DeLaCruz (Quinault)    (b. 1937 - d. 2000)
1985 - 1987                Reuben A. Snake, Jr.          (b. 1937 - d. 1993)
                             (Winnebago of Nebraska)
1988 - 1989                John Gonzales                 (b. 1955)
                             (San Ildefonso Pueblo)
1990 - 1991                Wayne L. Ducheneaux           (b. 1936 - d. 2012)
                             (Cheyenne River Sioux)
1992 - 1995                Gaiashkibos "Gosh"            (b. c.1951)
                             (Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa)
1996 - 1999                W. Ron Allen                  (b. 1947)
                             (Jamestown S'Klallam)
2000 - 2001                Susan Masten (f)(Yurok)       (b. 1952)
2002 - 2005                Tex G. Hall                   (b. 1956)
                             (Three Affiliated Tribes-Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara)
2006 - 2009                Joseph "Joe" A. Garcia        (b. 1953)
                             (Ohkay Owingeh)
2010 - 17 Oct 2013         Jefferson E. Keel (1st time)  (b. 1947)
                             (Chickasaw Nation)
17 Oct 2013 - 19 Oct 2017  Brian Cladoosby (Swinomish)   (b. 1959)
19 Oct 2017 - 24 Oct 2019  Jefferson E. Keel (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (Chickasaw Nation)
24 Oct 2019 - 17 Nov 2023  Fawn R. Sharp (f)             (b. 1970)
                             (Quinault Indian Nation)
17 Nov 2023 -              Mark A. Macarro (Pechanga)    (b. 1965)

1887                       Settlement (Metlakatla) by the Tsimshian emigrants from the
                             British Columbia, Canada, governed by Declaration of Residents
                             (1887), Rules and Regulations (1915) and Constitution (1944).
 3 Mar 1891                Annette Island Indian Reserve set aside.
19 Dec 1944                Metlakatla Indian Community of the Annette Island Reserve.
1997                       Self-governance agreement with the U.S.

Mayors
1887 – 1915                Village Council (elected annually)

11 Oct 1938                Formal recognition by the U.S. (Sitka Community Association).

 5 Nov 1912                Alaska Native Brotherhood established by the Tlingit and
                             Haida tribes.
11 Nov 1935                Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida first meets (regularly
                             from 1939), this is the origin of tribal government.
19 Aug 1965                Recognized by the U.S. as governing authority of the regional
                             Indian tribe, consisting of a number of Native communities, 17
                             (originally 15) of them recognized by the U.S. as native tribal
                             entities on their own: Angoon, Chilkat (Klukwan), Chilkoot                                    (Haines), Craig, Douglas, Hoonah, Hydaburg, Kake, Kasaan,
                             Ketchikan, Klawock, Petersburg, Saxman, Sitka, Skagway, Wrangell,
                             and Yakutat.
22 Jun 1972                Within the region of Sealaska Corp. (respective regional non-profit
                             organization: Central Council of Tlingit and Haida itself).
1972                       Self-governance contract with the U.S. (one of the first of three).
bf.1982                    Renamed Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes
                             (on the U.S. list of tribal names in 1995).
21 Oct 1993                Interior Department omits council from federal recognition list.
 2 Nov 1994                Congress reconfirms federal recognition.
1995                       Covered by the South East Alaska Self-governance agreement with
                             the U.S.

Presidents
11 Nov 1935 - 1940         David Morgan
1940 - 1966                Andrew Percy Hope, Sr.           (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1966 - 1967                Ted Denny
1967 - 1972                John Borbridge, Jr.              (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
1972 - 1976                Clarence Jackson, Sr.
1976 - 1980                Raymond E. Paddock, Jr.          (b. 1936 - d. 1987)
1980 - 1984                Andrew John Hope, Jr.            (b. 1923 – d. 1999)
1984 - 2007                Edward K. Thomas (1st time)
2007 - Apr 2010            William E. "Bill" Martin
2010 - 2014                Edward K. Thomas (2nd time)
2014 -                     Richard J. Peterson

Navajo

1786 - 1793                Subject to the Spanish.
1849                       Navajos under protection of the U.S. (Navajo Tribe; official
                             spelling Navaho), the original boundaries of the Navajo country
                             fixed.
1852                       Navaho Indian Agency established (1901-1935 divided into several
                             agencies).
1864 - 1868                Settled at Bosque Redondo Reservation in New Mexico.
25 Jul 1868                Navajo country formally ceded to the U.S. in exchange for a 
                             reservation by Treaty of 1 Jun 1868 (Navaho Indian Reservation).
1922                       Tribal government established, tribe governed by Regulations
                            (24 Apr 1923), Rules (26 Jul 1938) and Resolution (15 Dec 1989).
15 Jun 1935                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
26 Jul 1938                Navajo Tribe of Indians of the Navajo Reservation, Arizona and
                             New Mexico.
15 Apr 1969                Navajo Nation (also spelling "Navajo" is officially specified)
                             (on the U.S. list of tribal names from 1996).
2004                       Gaming compact with the state.

Tohono O'odham

1699                       Subject to the Spanish (from 1821, Mexico).
 8 Jun 1854                Gadsden Purchase leads to the current U.S.-Mexico border                              traversing Papago Indian lands (by 1860, the Papago in the U.S.
                             were organized in at least 12 villages, each having a chief or
                             governor).
1857 – 1939                Papago (to 1864, Tucson; from 1919, Sells) Indian Agency
                             established (1869-1902 closed).
 1 Jul 1874                San Xavier reservation established.
12 Dec 1882                Gila Bend reservation established.
14 Jan 1916                Papago Indian Reservation established.
 1 Feb 1917                Sells reservation established.
18 Jun 1937                Papago Tribe
10 Sep 1978                Florence Village is established as part of the Nation.
18 Jan 1986                Renamed Tohono O'odham Nation.
1993                       Gaming compact with the state.
2016                       Self-governance agreement.

Governors of San Xavier Papago (most important village in the later U.S. territory)
c.1751                     Cristobal
c.1830                     Juan Ignacio Zapata
c.1851                     Jose Golosa
c.1857                     Jose Victoriano Lucas
18.. – 193.                .... 
Chairmen
Jul 1936 - 1940            José Ignacio (1st time)
1940 - 1942                Peter Blaine                      (b. 1902 – d. 19..)
1942 - 1945                Henry A. Throssell (1st time)   
1945 - 1946                José Ignacio (2nd time)
1946 - 1947                Henry A. Throssell (2nd time)  
1947 - 1953                Thomas A. Segundo (1st time)      (b. 1922 - d. 1971)
1953 - Jan 1955            Enos J. Francisco, Sr. (1st time) (b. 1909? - d. 1978)
Jan 1955 - 1959            Mark Manuel
1959 - 1963                Enos J. Francisco, Sr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1963 - 1965                Eugene J. Johnson
1965 - 1968                Robert C. Mackett                 (b. 1922)
1968 -  6 May 1971         Thomas A. Segundo (2nd time)      (s.a.)
May 1971 - Mar 1974        Augustine B. Lopez, Sr.           (b. 1935 - d. 2013)
Mar 1974 – May 1975        Jacob A. Escalante                (b. 1927 - d. 2013)
May 1975 - 1979            Cecil Williams
1979 - 1983                Max H. Norris
1983 - 1987                Josiah Moore (1st time)           (b. 1934 - d. 1993)
1987 - 31 Mar 1989         Enos J. Francisco, Jr.  
1989 - 1991                Angelo Joaquin, Sr.               (b. 1929 - d. 1995)
1991 - 19 Apr 1993         Josiah Moore (2nd time)           (s.a.)
Apr 1993 - 1995            Sylvester Listo
1995 -  3 Jun 2003         Edward D. Manuel (1st time)       (b. 1947)
 3 Jun 2003 -  3 Aug 2007  Vivian Juan-Saunders (f)          (b. 1960)
 3 Aug 2007 - Jun 2015     Ned Norris, Jr. (1st time)        (b. 1955)
Jun 2015 - Jun 2019        Edward D. Manuel (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Jun 2019 - Sep 2023        Ned Norris, Jr. (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Sep 2023 -                 Verlon M. Jose

Tonto Apache

 6 Oct 1972                Recognized by the U.S. (Payson Community of Yavapai-Apache).
31 May 1974                Payson Tonto Apache Reservation established.
Feb 1979                   Payson Tonto Apache Tribe (on the U.S. list of tribal names).
22 Dec 1979                Renamed Tonto Apache Tribe.
1993                       Gaming compact.

Chairmen
1972 – Jun 1985            Melton Campbell                  (b. 1941 – d. 1993)
1985? - 1989?              Ivan Smith (1st time)
1989 -  7 Apr 1993         Louise C. Lopez (f) (1st time)
1993                       Howard Burdette, Sr. (acting)
1993 – 1996                Jeri Johnson (f) (1st time)
1996 – 2004                Vivian L. Burdette (f) (1st time)
2004 – 21 Jun 2008         Ivan Smith (2nd time)
21 Jun 2008 - 30 Sep 2008  Jeri DeCola (f) (2nd time)
                             (= Jeri Johnson)
30 Sep 2008 – 2012         Ivan Smith (3rd time)
2012 - 2014                Louise C. Lopez (f) (2nd time)
2014 - 2016                Vivian L. Burdette (f) (2nd time)
2016 - 2020                Jeri DeCola (f) (3rd time)
2020 - 2021                Wally Davis
2021 -                     Calvin Johnson

White Mountain Apache 

 9 Nov 1871                White Mountain Reservation established.
1872                       Fort Apache (to 1876, Camp Apache) Indian Agency (1876-97 closed).
 7 Jun 1897                Fort Apache Reservation.
26 Aug 1938                White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation.
1993                       Gaming compact with the state.

Chiefs of White Mountain Apache (largest band on the reservation; title Nant'an)
bf.1864 – 1872             Esh-kel-dah-silah (= Eskiltesela)(b. c.1830 – d. 1875)
1872 – 1875                Palone                           (b. c.1852 - d. 1880)
1875 – 1885                Pedro (Hacke-yanil-tli-din)      (b. c.1835 – d. 1885)
Chiefs of Cibecue Apache (other band on the reservation, in the west; title: Nant'an)
bf.1860 - 1874             Miguel (Esh-ke-iba)              (d. 1874)
1874 – 1880                Diablo (Es-ki-in-la)             (b. c.1846 – d. 1880)
1881 – 1885                Sanchez (Becbiyo'an)             (d. af.1888)
Head Chiefs
1885 -  6 Aug 1928         Alchise (William H. Alchesay)    (b. 1853? - d. 1928)
1928 - 11 Oct 1952         William Baha Alchesay            (b. 1885? - d. 1952)

Note: There are 105 native tribal entities in California. Currently recorded are: (1) all the 31 Mission tribes of Southern California (including Quechan); (2) the nine Paiute-Shoshone tribes along the Nevada boundary (including Chemehuevi); (3) the four major native nations of northern and central California (Hoopa Valley, Round Valley, Tule River, Yurok) that are the original reservations that were intended for all the natives of northern and central part of the state; (4) the ten largest of the 58 "rancherias" (tiny tracts set aside in the early 20th century for natives who avoided removal to the four principal original reservations) by native population in 2000 (the ones whose native population exceeded 120); (5) three tribes located among rancherias with latter federal recognition (Karuk, Quartz Valley, Tejon). In contrast to other parts of the U.S., there are no ratified treaties between the U.S. and native nations of California. By 1920, all or a majority of rancheria and Paiute-Shoshone Indians had became the U.S. citizens. All the California tribes from 1953 on (Agua Caliente from 1949) are under the jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
  Rancherias currently not recorded (recent name changes noted if original rancheria name was removed): Alturas, Bear River Band of Rohnerville, Berry Creek Maidu, Big Lagoon, Big Sandy Western Mono, Blue Lake, Buena Vista Me-Wuk, Cachil DeHe Wintun of Colusa, California Valley Miwok, Cedarville, Cher-Ae Heights Community of Trinidad, Chicken Ranch Me-Wuk, Cloverdale Pomo, Coyote Valley Pomo, Dry Creek Pomo, Elem Pomo of Sulphur Bank, Elk Valley, Enterprise Maidu, Federated Graton, Greenville, Guidiville, Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake, Hopland Pomo, Ione Miwok, Jackson Miwuk, Kashia Pomo of Stewarts Point, Kletsel Dehe Wintun (to 2018, Cortina), Koi of Northern California (to 2013, Lower Lake), Lytton, Mechoopda of Chico, Middletown Pomo, Mooretown Maidu, Northfork Mono, Paskenta Nomlaki, Picayune Chukchansi, Pinoleville Pomo, Pit River, Potter Valley, Redding, Redwood Valley Pomo, Pulikla Yurok (to 2024, Resighini), Scotts Valley Pomo, Shingle Springs Miwok, Table Mountain, Tolowa Dee-Ni’ (to 2016, Smith River), United Auburn, Wilton, Wiyot (to 2005, Table Bluff), and Yoche Dehe Wintun (to 2010, Rumsey).

  There were the following Indian agencies not recorded below under individual rancherias: Nome Lackee (1856-1860), Smith River (1865-1869), Greenville (1897-1923), Digger (1899-1921), and Upper Lake (1909-1911).

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla

Augustine Band of Cahuilla

Feb 1893                   Augustine Indian Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972                    Augustine Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979                    Renamed Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.   
2000                       Gaming compact.
2005                       Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2007                       Renamed Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians.

Spokeswoman
c.1954                     Margaret Andreas (f)
Chairmen
1988 - 2016                Mary Ann Martin (f)                 (b. 1964 - d. 2017)
                             (from 2006, Mary Ann Green)
2016 -                     Amanda Vance (f)                    (b. 1986) 
                             (from 2023, Amanda Augustine)

Big Pine Paiute

Bishop Paiute

1912                       Bishop Indian Colony set aside.
1916 – 1926                Bishop Indian agency.
11 Jun 1935                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
10 Apr 1939                Owens Valley Paiute-Shoshone Bands (includes also Big Pine and
                             Lone Pine).
bf.1972                    Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community, recognized as
                             separate tribe.
2000                       Gaming compact.
2010                       Renamed Bishop Paiute Tribe.
2011                       Self-governance agreement.

Chief
bf.1860 - 1863             "Captain George"
Chairman of Bishop
c.1935                     Harrison Diaz                       (b. 1881 – d. 1943)
Chairmen of Owens Valley
1939 – 19..                ....
c.1943 - c.1955            Sampson Dewey
bf.1967 - c.1973           Gerald Kane
Chairmen of Bishop
bf.1972 – 19..             ....
c.1978                     Earl Lent
bf.1980 – af.1981          Paul Chavez
c.1983                     Jack Williams                       (b. 1947 - d. 2016)
c.1984                     Earl Frank
bf.1986 - af.1987          Joann Poncho (f)
bf.1989 - af.1993          Jess R. Paco
bf.1994 - af.1996          Allen Summers (1st time)
bf.1997 - 2000             Mervin Hess
2000 – 2002                Monty J. Bengochia (1st time)
2002 – 2004                Douglas T. Vega
2004 – 2005                Michael Rogers
2005 – 2009                Gerald Howard (1st time)
2009 – 2010                Monty J. Bengochia (2nd time)
2010 – 2011                William Vega (1st time)
2011 - 2014                Dale Delgado, Jr.
2014 - 2016                Gerald Howard (2nd time)
2016 - 2017                Deston Rogers
2017 - 2018                William Vega (2nd time)
2018 - 2020                Allen Summers (2nd time)
2020 - 2022                Tilford Denver
2022 - 2024                Meryl Picard (f)
2024 -                     Steven Orihuela

Bridgeport

17 Oct 1974                Bridgeport Indian Colony set aside.
21 Jul 1976                Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony
2010                       Renamed Bridgeport Indian Colony.

Chairmen
1976 – 19..                ....
bf.1979 - af.1984          Maurice C. Crawford
bf.1990 - af.1991          Joseph Art Sam (1st time)
bf.1993 - af.1996          Herb Glazier (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2000             Vineca Hess (f)
2000 – 2002                Herb Glazier (2nd time)
2002 – 2003                Gerald Sam (1st time)
2003 – 2004                Herb Glazier (3rd time)
2004 – 2005                Gerald Sam (2nd time)
2005 – 2009                Charlotte Baker (f)
2009 – 2011                Joseph Art Sam (2nd time)
2011 - 25 Jun 2019         John L. Glazier                     (b. 1925 - d. 2019)
26 Jun 2019 - 2020         Thomas Crawford (acting)
2020 - 2023                Herb Glazier (4th time)
2023 -                     Joseph Art Sam (3rd time)

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians

Cahuilla

27 Dec 1875                Cahuilla Indian Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1960                       Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians
2000                       Gaming compact.
2005                       Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2015                       Renamed Cahuilla Band of Indians.

Captains (1855 - 1877, also Captains-general of the Cahuilla tribe)
bf.1842 - 1863             Juan Antonio                        (b. 1783 - d. 1863)
1863 - 1877                Manuel Largo                        (b. c.1820 – d. 1889)
1877 - 1887                Fernando Lugo                       (b. 1820 – d. 1905)
1887 - 1890                Pablo Cassaro                       (d. 1890)
1890 – 1907                ....
1907 – 1912                Leonicio Lugo                       (b. c.1860 – d. 1937)
Spokesmen
c.1934                     Gabriel Costo
bf.1954 – af.1955          Billy P. Salgado
c.1962                     Rupert Costo                        (b. 1906 – d. 1989)
c.1963                     Sylvester Costo
1965 - 1970                Rupert Costo
c.1978                     Leroy Salgado
bf.1980 - May 1984         Gilbert Sloan "Skip" Costo          (b. 1929 – d. 2001)
c.1984                     Eugene Madrigal
bf.1990 – 1993             Louis Candelaria
1993 – 1994                Rose Anne Hamilton (f)
1994 – 1999                Michelle Salgado (f)
1999 – 2001                Antonio Heredia, Jr.
Chairmen
2001 – 2002                Leanne Salgado (f) (1st time)
2002 – 2004                Eugenia Nogalez (f)
2004 – 2006                Jerome Salgado, Sr.
2006                       Leanne Salgado (f) (2nd time)
2006 – 2009                Anthony Madrigal, Jr.
                             (interim to 2007)
2009 - 2016                Luther Salgado, Sr.
2016 - 2024                Daniel Salgado
2024 -                     Erica Schenk (f)

Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians

Capitan Grande Diegueno Mission (Barona and Viejas)

Chemehuevi

10 Nov 1914                Rancheria set aside
 8 Jun 1935                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
Oct 1961                   Sycamore Valley Association of the Cold Springs Rancheria.
29 Nov 1979                Renamed Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians.

Presidents
1961 - c.1972              ....
c.1972                     Howard E. Hunter (1st time)
c.1974                     Hazel Hunter (f)
c.1976                     Howard E. Hunter (2nd time)
c.1978                     Morris Lee
Chairmen
c.1979 – May 1982          Charlotte Osborne (f)
bf.1983 - c.1984           Dorothy Bill (f)
198. – 1994                Frank J. Lee
1994 – af.1996             Jennifer Fred (f)
bf.1999 - 2001             Jennifer Philley (f)(1st time)
2001 – 2003                Lonnie Bill (f)
2003 – 2005                Jennifer Philley (f)(2nd time)
2005 – 2009                Travis Coleman
2009 – 2014                Robert Marquez
2014 - 2015                Jeffery Lee
2015 - 2019                Carol Bill (f) (1st time)
2019 - 2021                Helene Alarcon (f)
2021 - 2022                Blossom Hunter (f)
2022 - 2023                Carol Bill (f) (2nd time)
2023 - 2024                Shane Ratchford
2024 -                     Curtis Lee

Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone: see Timbisha Shoshone

Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians (Cuyapaipe Band)

Fort Bidwell

30 Jan 1897                Fort Bidwell Reservation set aside.
1898 – 1930                Fort Bidwell Indian agency.
1936                       Fort Bidwell Indian Community
1979 - 1997                Fort Bidwell Indian Community of Paiute Indians (on the U.S.
                             list of tribal names).

Chiefs
bf.1878 - 19..             Ocheho
c.1929                     General Council
bf.1932 - af.1936          Charlie Washo
Chairmen
1936 – 19..                ....
c.1940                     Connan Dick
c.1941                     Herman Townsend (1st time)          (b. 1915 - d. 2011)
c.1953                     Willie Sam Townsend (1st time)
bf.1954 - af.1955          Ralph DeGarmo
c.1956                     Willie Sam Townsend (2nd time)
c.1967                     Herman Townsend (2nd time)          (s.a.)
c.1972                     Beatrice Pollard (f)                (b. 1926 - d. 2001)
bf.1979 - af.1984          Lucinda Lame Bull (f)
bf.1990 - af.1996          Ralph DeGarmo
bf.1999 - 2002             Denise G. Pollard (f)
2002 – 2005                Frances Benally (f)
2005                       Jana Townsend (f)
2005 – 2007                Lawrence Harlan
2007 – 2009                Todd DeGarmo
2009 – 2010                Aaron R. Townsend
2010 - 2017                Bernold Pollard
2017 - 2022                Kevin Townsend 
2022 -                     Germain Ruvalcaba

Fort Independence Paiute

28 Oct 1915                Fort Independence Reservation set aside.
24 May 1935                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1965                       Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute

Chairmen
1965 – af.1972             Vernon J. Miller (1st time)         (b. 1927 – d. 2002)
c.1978                     Wanda McTevia (f)
bf.1980 – 1993             Vernon J. Miller (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1994 - af.1997             Richard Wilder, Sr. (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2000             Wendy Stine (f) (1st time)
2000 – 2002                Vernon J. Miller (2nd time)         (s.a.)
2002 – 2004                Richard Wilder, Sr. (2nd time)
2004 – 2010                Carl A. Dahlberg (1st time)
2010 – 2011                Israel Naylor (1st time)
2011 – 2012                Carl A. Dahlberg (2nd time)
2012 – 2013                Richard Wilder, Sr. (3rd time)
2013 - 2014                Israel Naylor (2nd time)
2014 - Jan 2016            Wendy Stine (f) (2nd time)
Jan 2016 - 2019            Norm Wilder
2019 -                     Carl A. Dahlberg (3rd time)

Fort Mojave: see under Arizona

Fort Yuma Quechan



1777 – 1781                Subject to the Spanish.
1825 – 1849                Treaty of alliance with Mexico.
22 Jul 1884                Fort Yuma (to 1910, Yuma) Indian Reservation established.
1900 – 1935                Fort Yuma Indian Agency established.
11 Dec 1936                Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, Arizona
                             and California.
1994                       Gaming compact with the state.
  
Head chiefs (title: Kwaxot)
bf.1774 - af.1796          Salvador Palma
bf.1848 – 1849             Pablo Coclum (Mexican captain)      (b. c.1800 – d. 18..)
1849 – 1852                Santiago
1852 – 1886                Pasqual                             (b. c.1800 - d. 1886)
Chiefs
1886 – 1893                Miguel de Xuksil
1893 – 1894                Joe Palma
1894 – 1897                Vacant
1897 – 19..                Pancho LaCherro
19.. – 1924                Chappo Jackson                      (d. 1924)
1924 - af.1929             General Council
Chairman
193. – 1936                Edward Roosevelt
Presidents
1936 - 193.                Edward Roosevelt
c.1939?                    Benjamin F. DeCorse
1939 - c.1947              Edmond Jackson, Sr.
1953 – 1955                George Cachora
1955 – 1957                Henry F. DeCorse
1957 – 1959                Henry Chaipos
c.1959 - Jan 1961          Lee Emerson (1st time)
Jan 1961 – 196.            Leroy Ward
196. - Jan 1963            Lee Emerson (2nd time)
Jan 1963 - Jan 1965        Edmond Jackson, Jr.                 (b. 1915 – d. 1965) 
Jan 1965 - 1967            Fritz E. Brown (1st time)           (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
1967 - 1971                Henry A. Montague                   (b. 1919 - d. 1982)
1971 - 1973                Fritz E. Brown (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1973 – 1976                Elmer M. Savilla
1976 - 1980?               Fritz E. Brown (3rd time)           (s.a.)
1980 - Jan 1986            Vincent B. Harvier                  (b. 1935 - d. 2009)
1986? - Dec 1990           Lorraine E. White (f)
Jan 1991 - Jan 1995        Fritz E. Brown (4th time)           (s.a.)
Jan 1995 - Jan 2011        Michael "Mike" Jackson, Sr.
                             (1st time)
Jan 2011 - Jun 2015        Keeny Escalanti, Sr. (1st time)
Jun 2015 - Mar 2017        Michael "Mike" Jackson, Sr.
                             (2nd time)
Mar 2017 - Jan 2019        Keeny Escalanti, Sr. (2nd time)
Jan 2019 -                 Jordan D. Joaquin

Grindstone Rancheria

 7 Jan 1909                Rancheria set aside.
1971                       Grindstone Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians.
2004                       Covered by the North Valley Indian Self-governance agreement.

Chairmen
c.1972                     James Burrows (1st time)
c.1978                     Ray Bill
bf.1980 - c.1984           James Burrows (2nd time)
bf.1990 - af.1993          Frank Burrows
bf.1994 - af.1996          Daryl E. Burrows
bf.1999 - 2000             Eliza Swearinger (f)
2000 – 2003                Dudley H. Burrows
2003 – 2006                Kenneth Swearinger
2006 -                     Ronald Kirk

Hoopa Valley

 8 Apr 1864                Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation established (no treaty).
1865 – 1948                Hoopa Valley Indian Agency established.
1891 - 1988                Klamath River reservation (see Yurok) made a part of the Hoopa
                             Valley reservation, known as the Hoopa Extension.
20 Nov 1933                Hoopa Tribe, the first constitution adopted.
15 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
 4 Sep 1952                Renamed Hoopa Valley Tribe.
1993                       Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
2000                       Gaming compact with the state.

Head chief of Hoopa (title of chief: Ningxa’t’e:n)
c.1851                     Ahrookoos
Chairmen
Jun 1933 - 1935            Edward Marshall, Sr. (1st time)
1935 - 1937                Gilbert R. Marshall
1937                       Anderson Mesket
1937? – 1938?              Julius Marshall
1938? – 1939?              David Masten (1st time)
1939 - 1943                Mahlon Marshall                     (d. 1943)
Sep 1943 - 1948?           David Masten (2nd time)
1948? - 1951?              Peter Masten, Sr.
1951? - 1954               Ernest Marshall, Jr. (1st time)
1954 - 1955                Elsie Ricklefs (f)
1956 - 1957                Edward Marshall, Sr.
1957 - 1958                Jack Norton
1958 – 1960?               Vernon Davis, Sr.
1960? – 1961?              Ernest Marshall, Jr. (2nd time)
1961 – 1963?               Edward Marshall, Jr.
1963? – 1964?              Lawrence Hostler  
1964? – 1965?              Gifford Logan
1965? – 1969?              Charles J. Moon
1969? – 1971?              Peter Jackson
1971? - 1979               Peter Masten, Jr.
1979 - 1981                Dale Risling, Sr. (1st time)
1981 - 1985                Elsie G. Ricklefs  (f)
1985 - 1989                Wilfred K. Colegrove
1989 - 1997                Dale Risling, Sr. (2nd time)
1997 -  12 Dec 1997        Duane J. Sherman, Sr. (1st time)
1997 - 1999                Merv George, Jr.
                             (acting to 1998)
1999 - 2001                Duane J. Sherman, Sr. (2nd time)
2001 - 2009                Clifford L. Marshall
2009 - 28 Jun 2013         Leonard E. Masten, Jr.
28 Jun 2013 - Jun 2015     Danielle Vigil-Masten (f)
Jun 2015 - Jul 2019        Ryan P. Jackson (1st time)
Jul 2019 - Jun 2021        Byron Nelson
Jun 2021 - 2024            Joe Davis
2024 -                     Ryan P. Jackson (2nd time)

Iipay of Santa Ysabel 

27 Dec 1875                Santa Ysabel (c.1905 – c.1925 also called Volcan) Reservation
                             set aside.
15 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972                    Santa Ysabel Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979                    Renamed Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
2003                       Gaming compact.
2006                       Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
2007                       Renamed Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel.

Captains (years given when names identified)
1852                       Lazaro
1853 - 1854                Tomas                               (d. af.1860)
                            (also captain-general of Diegueno tribe)
1860                       A. Manuel
1865                       Ambrosio
1875                       Anodeh
1880                       Gasparo
1883 - 1886                Jose Pablo (1st time)
1890                       Manuel
1903 - 1904                Jose Pablo (2nd time)
1910 – 1912                John Linton
1914                       Baptisto LaChappa
1917                       Jose Pablo Guachene
1918                       Joe Pablo
1932                       Incencio LaChappa
Spokesmen
1933 – 1936                Winslow J. Couro (1st time)
1937                       Abraham Paipa (1st time)
1938 – 1939                Winslow J. Couro (2nd time)
1940 – 1941                Abraham Paipa (2nd time)
1942                       Winslow J. Couro (3rd time)          
1943 – 1945                Julia Osuna (f) (1st time)
1946 – 1948                Nazario J. Guachena
1949                       Stephen LaChappa
1950 – 1951                Stephen Ponchetti (1st time)
1952                       Incencio LaChappa
1953 – 1960                Stephen Ponchetti (2nd time)
1961 – 1963                Erwin Osuna
1964 – 1965                Julia Osuna (f) (2nd time)
1966                       John LaChappa
1967 – 1970                Stephen Ponchetti (3rd time)
1971                       Anthony Taylor
c.1974                     James Ponchetti (1st time)
bf.1978 - af.1983          Ignacio Scerato
c.1984                     Joan King (f)
bf.1990 - af.1991          James Ponchetti (2nd time)
c.1993                     Virgil Osuna
bf.1994 - Dec 2002         Ben Scerato
Dec 2002 – 2007            Johnny Hernandez, Jr.
Chairmen
2007 – Dec 2010            Johnny Hernandez, Jr.
Dec 2010 - 2019            Virgil Perez                        (b. 1971)
2019 - 2020                Brandie Taylor (f)
2020 - 2022                Bernice Paipa (f)
2022 -                     Kevin Asuna

Inaja Diegueno

27 Dec 1875                Inaja and Cosmit Indian Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1982                       Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
2006                       Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.

Spokesmen
c.1934                     Clayton Sloan (representative)
c.1978                     Josephine Leo (f)
bf.1980 - c.1984           Rebecca Contreras (f)   
Chairmen
c.1991                     Rebecca Maxcy (f) (1st time)
bf.1993 – 1994             Josephine Leo (f)
1994 -                     Rebecca Maxcy (f) (2nd time)
                             (from 2002, Rebecca Osuna)

Jamul Indian Village

 7 Jul 1981                Recognized by the U.S. (Jamul Indian Village), a Diegueno Mission
                             people.
2015                       Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance agreement.

Chairmen
1981 - af.1984             Kenneth A. Meza (1st time)          (b. 1945)
1992 - 1997                Raymond R. Hunter (1st time)
 3 Sep 1994 -  5 Dec 1994  Jane Dumas (f)(in opposition)
1997 - 2003                Kenneth A. Meza (2nd time)          (s.a.)
2003 - 2007                Leon Acevedo
2007 - Jul 2008            William "Bill" C. Mesa              (b. 1951 - d. 2008)
2008 - 2011                Kenneth A. Meza (3rd time)          (s.a.)
2011 - 2015                Raymond R. Hunter (2nd time)
2015 -                     Erica Pinto (f)

Karuk

1971                       Orleans Karok Council formed.
15 Jan 1979                Recognized by the U.S. (Karok Tribe).
1985                       Renamed Karuk Tribe.
1998                       Self-governance agreement.

La Jolla Band of Luiseño Indians

La Posta Diegueno

10 Feb 1893                La Posta Reservation set aside.
bf.1972                    La Posta Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979                    Renamed La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
2015                       Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance agreement.

Chairmen
1973 – 1983                Marie LaChappa (f)                  (b. 1920 – d. 2005)
1983 -                     Gwendolyn Parada (f)                (b. 1959)

Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone

1912                       Lone Pine Reservation set aside.
10 Apr 1939                Part of the Owens Valley Paiute-Shoshone Bands (see Bishop).
bf.1972                    Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community, recognized as
                             separate tribe.
2010                       Renamed Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.

Chairmen
bf.1962 – 19..             ....
c.1972                     Gerald H. Goodwin
c.1980                     Terry Goodwin
1980 - af.1989             Naddeen Naylor (f)
bf.1990 - 1999             Sandra Jefferson-Yonge (f)
1999 – 2000                Dale Newell
2000 – 2005                Rachel A. Joseph (f)
2005 – 2009                Marjianne Yonge (f)
2009 – 2010                Richard Button (1st time)
2010 – 2012                Melvin R. Joseph
2012 - 2019                Mary Wuester (f) (1st time)
2019 - 2022                Richard Button (2nd time)
2022 - 2023                Janet Hansen (f)
2023 - 2024                Mary Wuester (f) (2nd time)
2024 -                     Thomas Swab

Los Coyotes Cahuilla and Cupeno

 5 May 1889                Los Coyotes Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972                    Los Coyotes Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979                    Renamed Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
2003                       Renamed Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians.
2006                       Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.

Captains
bf.1847 - af.1852          Juan Bautista (captain of Pauki)
c.1883                     Pablo Pena
Spokesmen
c.1934                     Robert Chutnicut
c.1945 – 1996              Banning Taylor, Sr.                 (b. 1906 – d. 1998)
1996 – 1998                Frank Taylor                        (b. 1938)
1998 – 2007                Catherine S. Saubel (f)             (b. 1919)
2007 – 2010                Francine Kupsch (f)
2010 - 2019                Shane Chapparosa
2019 -                     Ray Chapparosa

Manchester Rancheria

23 Jun 1909                Rancheria set aside.
27 Feb 1937                Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester Rancheria.
bf.1974 - 2012             Renamed Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point
                             Arena Rancheria.
2000                       Gaming compact.

Chairmen
1937 – af.1956             Stephen "Steve" Parrish
c.1972                     Ernest Pinola
c.1973                     Charles Ball
c.1978 - Nov 1980          Mabel Ball (f)
1980? - Nov 1983           Kenneth Norman Laiwa                (b. 1932 - d. 2014)
bf.1990 - af.1993          Harry Nelson Pinola (1st time)
c.1994                     Darnell White
c.1996                     Arthur Lopez
bf.1999 - 2003             Jose Oropeza
2003 – 2005                Rick D. Poe (1st time)
2005 - 2014                Harry Nelson Pinola (2nd time)
2014 - 2015                Eloise Oropeza (f)
2015                       Rick D. Poe (2nd time)
2015 - 2022                Jaime Cobarrubia
2022 -                     Tisha Jones (f)

Manzanita Diegueno 

10 Feb 1893                Manzanita Reservation set aside.
bf.1972                    Manzanita Band of Mission Indians
1976                       Renamed Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
1999                       Self-governance agreement.

Spokesmen
c.1934                     Jinks Elliott
c.1972                     Brucie M. Blackwood
Chairmen
1976 - 197.                ....
c.1978                     David Z. Elliott
1980 – 1998                Frances Shaw (f)                    (b. 1928 - d. 2002)
1998 - 2015                Leroy J. Elliott                    (b. 1943)
2015 -                     Angela Santos (f)

Mesa Grande Diegueno

27 Dec 1875                Mesa Grande Indian Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1971                       Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979                    Renamed Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
2006                       Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.

Captains (years given when names identified)
1852                       Jose Apan
1860                       Jose Pedro Panto                    (b. c.1804 – d. 1874)
                             (also captain of San Pasqual)
1875 – 1880                Senon Duro                          (b. 18.. - d. 1906)
1887                       Narcisso LaChappa (1st time)
1889 – 1890                Jose Cleto Duro
1890 - 1892                Jose Antonio LaChappa (1st time)
1897                       Francisco Nejo
1903 - 1904                Narcisso LaChappa (2nd time)
1904                       Rafael Charley
1908                       Adolph Beresford
1908 - 1909                Jose Antonio LaChappa (2nd time)
1911                       Arturo Charlie
1912                       Richard Nejo
1914 – 1915                Jose Antonio LaChappa (3rd time)
1923 – 1924                Roscindo Curo (1st time)
1925                       Ramone Charlie
1926                       Roscindo Curo (2nd time)
1931                       Roscindo Curo (3rd time)
1932                       Valentine LaChusa
Spokesmen
1933 - 1950                Valentine LaChusa
1950                       Gilbert Clelland
1951 – 1957                Delmar Nejo
1957 – 1967                Charles Ponchetti
1968 – 1969                Virgil Oyos
1970 – 1971                Claude Devers
Chairmen
1971 – af.1972             Jessie Beresford (f)
c.1978 - af.1983           Jack Hamilton
c.1984                     Brian Beresford
bf.1990 - af.1991          Delmar Nejo
bf.1992 - af.1996          Carlos Guassac
bf.1997 - 2002             Howard K. Maxcy
2002 – 2005                Charlene G. Siford (f)
2005 – 2006                Michael Linton (1st time)(acting)
2006 - 2016                Mark Romero
2016 - 2018                Virgil Oyos
2018 - 2022                Michael Linton (2nd time)
2022 - 2024                Theresa Hernandez (f)
2024 -                     Curtis LaChusa

Morongo Band

15 May 1876                Morongo Reservation established.
1908 – 1920                Malki Indian agency.
15 Dec 1934                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1962                       Morongo Band of Mission Indians                     
bf.1979 - 2009             Renamed Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo
                             Reservation.
2000                       Gaming compact.
2005                       Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2015                       Individual self-governance agreement.

Captains
c.1852                     Emeterio
c.1876                     Gabriel Ygindio
18.. – 1891                William G. Pablo (1st time)          (b. c.1850 – d. 1935)
1891                       John Morongo                         (b. c.1850 – d. 1898)
1892                       William G. Pablo (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1893 - af.1896             Joseph Demate
.... - 1910                Mauricio Laws
Spokesmen
c.1934                     John Morongo, Jr.
c.1965                     Emmett St. Marie (1st time)
c.1971                     James Martin
c.1977                     Emmett St. Marie (2nd time)
c.1978 - af.1980           Tom Lyons
Chairmen
c.1983                     Tom Lyons
bf.1984 - 1987             Robert Martin (1st time)            (b. 1951)
1987 - 1991                Dennis Miller (1st time)
1991 - 1992                Adelaide L. Presley (f)             (b. 1940 - d. 2013)
Dec 1992 - Jul 1993        Mary Ann Martin-Andreas (f)
                             (1st time)
1993 - 1995                Dennis Miller (2nd time)
1995 - 2001                Mary Ann Martin-Andreas (f)         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
2001 - 2006                Maurice B. Lyons                    (b. 1950 - d. 2013)
2006 - 2021                Robert Martin (2nd time)            (s.a.)
2021 -                     Charles Martin

Pauma Band of Luiseño Indians

Quartz Valley

1938                       Reservation set aside.
1939                       Quartz Valley Indian Community.
1967 – 1984                Terminated by the U.S.
1985 – 1995                Renamed Quartz Valley Rancheria of Karok, Shasta and Upper Klamath.

Chairmen
c.1940                     Clara Wicks (f)
1967 – 198.                Abolished
bf.1984 - af.1991          Betty L. Hall (f)
bf.1993 - 1996             Fred A. Case
1996 – af.1997             Edward L. Sanderson
bf.1999 - 2003             Roy Lincoln
2003 – 2005                Aaron Peters (1st time)
2005 – 2009                Ronald Lincoln
2009 – 2011                Harold Bennett (1st time)
2011 – 2013                Aaron Peters (2nd time)
2013 - 2017                Harold Bennett (2nd time)
2017 - 2019                Frieda Bennett (f)
2019 - 2021                Kyla Super (f)
2021 -                     Harold Bennett (3rd time)

Ramona Cahuilla

10 Feb 1893                Ramona Indian Reservation set aside.
1982                       Ramona Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians
2005                       Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2010                       Renamed Ramona Band of Cahuilla

Representatives
bf.1984 - 1993             Anne Hamilton (f)
1993 - 2002                Manuel W. Hamilton
Chairmen
2002 – 2007                Manuel W. Hamilton
2007 - 30 Jan 2021         Joseph D. Hamilton                  (b. 1956 - d. 2021)
2021 -                     Danae Hamilton-Vega (f)

14 Jun 1856                Round Valley Reservation set aside (no treaty).
1860 – 1950                Round Valley (to 1865, Northern District; 1923 - 1948 Sacramento;
                             from 1948, California) agency.
 8 Apr 1864                Round Valley R

Feb 1921                   Rancheria set aside.
 8 May 1963                Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria.
2000                       Gaming compact.

Chairmen
1963 – 197.                ....
197. – 2001                Clarence Atwell (1st time)          (b. 1945 – d. 2013)
2001 – 2003                Michael Sisco
2003 – 2009                Clarence Atwell (2nd time)          (s.a.)
2009 - 2019                Ruben Barrios
2019 -                     Leo Sisco

10 May 1909                Rancheria set aside.
10 Jun 1935                Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
25 Jul 1974                Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians.
2000                       Gaming compact.
2006                       Covered by the Consolidated Tribal self-governance agreement.
2018                       Individual self-governance agreement.

Chairmen
1974 – 197.                ....
197. – 1979                Thomas E. Campbell                  (d. 1979)
c.1980                     Patrick Renick                      (b. 1942 - d. 2015)
bf.1982 - af.1984          Patricia Augustine (f)

15 Aug 1923                Rancheria set aside.
1972/74 - 1997             Renamed Susanville Rancheria of Paiute, Maidu, Pit River &
                             Washoe Indians.
2000                       Gaming compact
2007                       Self-governance agreement.

Chairmen

1853 – 1856                Temporary reservation set aside (no treaty).

Timbisha Shoshone Former Flag

Western Shoshone Flag

25 Oct 1910               Rancheria set aside
15 Jan 1936               Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria.
2000                      Gaming compact.

Chairmen
1936 – af.1937            John Kibby
c.1940                    William Fuller                       (b. 1873 – d. 1958)
bf.1969 - 1970            George Wessell
1970 – 1974               Luna Wessell (f)
1974 – 19..               Vernon Bailey
c.1980                    Dorothy A. Stanley (f)               (b. 1924 - d. 1990)
c.1984                    Stanley Robert Cox
bf.1990 - af.1996         Sonny Hendricks
bf.1999 - 2020            Kevin A. Day (1st time)
2020 - 2023               Andrea Reich (f) 
2023 -                    Kevin A. Day (2nd time)

Southern Ute

30 Dec 1849                Under the U.S. protection (Confederated Bands of the Ute), divided
                             into 6 bands. 
1860                       Conejos (1869 – 1877 Los Pinos; 1877 – 1922 Southern Ute; from
                             1922, Consolidated Ute) Indian Agency established (1869 – 1881
                             there was additional White River Indian Agency for the northern
                             bands).
 2 Mar 1868                Confederated Ute Reservation established.
15 Jun 1880                Reservation diminished to the Southern Ute (from 1918, Consolidated
                             Ute) Reservation.
1881                       Northern bands of Ute removed to the Uintah Reservation in Utah.
1896                       Entitled to acquire the U.S. citizenship (by 1920, all were
                             citizens); non-citizens separated to become the latter Ute
                             Mountain Ute and retained the western sector of the reservation.
 4 May 1899                Eastern sector of the reservation (from 1938, alone formally known
                             as the Southern Ute Reservation) opened to the non-Indian
                             settlement.
 7 Nov 1936                Southern Ute Tribe
1984                       Under jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
1992                       Gaming compact with the state.