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U.S. Native American Nations
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Note: As of 29 Jan 2021, there
were 574
Native American tribal nations (variously
called tribes, nations, bands, confederations,
communities, rancheria, pueblo, and villages)
recognized by the United States federal government,
under the Constitution, by treaties, statutes, or by
court decisions as "sovereign domestic dependent nations
under the U.S. protection" (231 of these are
located in Alaska). They have formal
government-to-government relations with the United
States federal government, enjoy internal
self-government and administer the territories they
reserved for themselves. During 1887-1906, the majority
of natives were granted U.S. citizenship, the remaining
natives were declared to be the citizens in 1924. Currently
this page lists a little more than half of the total
recognized Native American Nations (not listed are a
majority of the Alaska native villages and of California
rancherias). Additionally, four nations whose
recognition in the 2000's did not become final are
listed. More data will be added as information becomes
available. Nations are listed alphabetically according
to the State in which their lands are currently located.
Due to the vast number of tribal entities on this page any assistance adding or updating information is greatly appreciated.
Map of Indian Reservations in the
Continental United States and Map
of Early Native American Languages
National Congress of American Indians
![[National
Congress of American Indians (NACI) Logo (U.S.)]](us-naci-logo.png "[National Congress
of American Indians (NACI) Logo (U.S.)]"){kind=logo}
|
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D.C. |
17 Nov
1944
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), an
American Indian
and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization, is
founded
in response to U.S. termination and assimilation
policies.
Presidents of the National Congress of American
Indians
1944 - 1952
Napoleon B. Johnson (Cherokee)(b. 1891 - d.
1974)
1953 - 1959
Joseph R.
Garry
(b. 1910 - d. 1975)
(Coeur d'Alene)
1960 - 1964
Walter "Blackie" Wetzel
(b. 1915 - d. 2003)
(Blackfeet)
1965 - 1966
Clarence Wesley
(b. 1914 - d. 1988)
(San Carlos Apache)
1967 - 1968
Wendell Chino
(b. 1923 - d.
1998)
(Mescalero Apache)
1969 - 1970
Earl Old Person
(Blackfeet) (b. 1929 - d. 2021)
1971 - 1972
Leon F.
Cook
(b. 1939 - d. 2021)
(Red Lake Chippewa)
1973 - 1976
Mel Tonasket (Colville)
(b. 1939)
1977 - 1978
Veronica Homer Murdock (f)
(b. 1944)
(Colorado River Tribes-Mohave)
1979 - 1980
Edward J. Driving Hawk
(b. 1935 - d. 2021)
(Rosebud Sioux)
1981 - 1984
Joseph DeLaCruz
(Quinault) (b. 1937 - d. 2000)
1985 - 1987
Reuben A. Snake, Jr.
(b. 1937 - d. 1993)
(Winnebago of Nebraska)
1988 - 1989
John
Gonzales
(b. 1955)
(San Ildefonso Pueblo)
1990 -
1991
Wayne L. Ducheneaux
(b. 1936 - d. 2012)
(Cheyenne River Sioux)
1992 - 1995
Gaiashkibos
"Gosh"
(b. c.1951)
(Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa)
1996 - 1999
W. Ron Allen
(b. 1947)
(Jamestown S'Klallam)
2000 - 2001
Susan Masten (f)(Yurok)
(b. 1952)
2002 - 2005
Tex G. Hall
(b.
1956)
(Three Affiliated Tribes-Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara)
2006 - 2009
Joseph "Joe" A.
Garcia (b.
1953)
(Ohkay Owingeh)
2010 - 17 Oct 2013
Jefferson E. Keel (1st
time) (b. 1947)
(Chickasaw Nation)
17 Oct 2013 - 19 Oct 2017 Brian
Cladoosby (Swinomish)
(b. 1959)
19 Oct 2017 - 24 Oct 2019 Jefferson E. Keel (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(Chickasaw Nation)
24 Oct 2019
-
Fawn R. Sharp (f)
(b. 1970)
(Quinault Indian Nation)
Alabama
Poarch Band of Creek Indians
![[Poarch Band of Creek
Indians (Alabama, U.S.)]](us-al-xpcbi20.png "[Poarch Band of Creek
Indians (Alabama, U.S.)]")
1836 Some Creeks avoid removal of the Creek Nation from the east to
Oklahoma.
11 Aug 1984 Recognized by the U.S. (Poarch Band of Creek Indians).
12 Apr 1985 Poarch Creek Reservation established.
1999 Self-governance agreement.
Chiefs of Creeks East of the Mississippi
1951 – 1970 Calvin W. McGhee (b. 1903 - d. 1970)
1970 – 1977 Houston L. McGhee (b. 1937 - d. 2012)
Chairmen
1976 – 2000 Eddie L. Tullis (1st time) (b. 1938)
2000 – 2001 Fred L. McGhee (1st time) (b. 1950 – d. 2006)
2001 – 2005 Eddie L. Tullis (2nd time) (s.a.)
2005 – 2006 Fred L. McGhee (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Jun 2006 - 19 Jun 2014 Buford L. Rolin
19 Jun 2014 - Stephanie A. Bryan (f)
Alaska
Note: Currently listed are the nine largest Native Villages by tribal enrollment in 2005 (the ones whose tribal enrollment exceeded 1370) and both regional tribes out of total of 229 Alaska tribal entities. In 1972, the state was divided into 12 regions of Alaska Native Regional Corporations holding the title to most of the native lands and conducting most of the native affairs. At the same time the existing 23 Indian Reserves were abolished, except Annette Island (Metlakatla), and for the first time complete, but informal list of Alaska tribal entities was created. The tribal entities were listed on the Federal Register from 1982 in a "preliminary list," but since 1993 they are listed along with the tribes of the contiguous 48 states. Except Metlakatla from 1970, all tribal entities from 1959 on are under the jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
Barrow
23 May 1939 Formal recognition by the U.S. (Native Village of Barrow).
26 Aug 1971 Part of the Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope, a regional
Indian tribe.
22 Jun 1972 Within the region of Arctic Slope Regional Corp. (respective
regional non-profit organization: Arctic Slope Regional
Association).
1997 Renamed Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government.
1998 Covered by the Arctic Slope Self-governance agreement with U.S.
4 Oct 2016 Referendum passes (381-375) to rename city of Barrow as Utqiagvik.
Presidents
1940 – 19.. ....
c.1946 Fred K. Ipalook
c.1953 Eben Hopson (b. 1922 – d. 1980)
c.1992 Rex A. Okakok (1st time)
bf.1993 - 1994 Arnold J. Brower, Jr. (1st time)
1994 – 1995 Rex A. Okakok (2nd time)
1995 – 1997 Kathy Itta (f)
1997 – 1998 Arnold J. Brower, Jr. (2nd time)
1998 – 2000 Elsie Itta (f) (b. 1952)
2000 – 2001 Arnold J. Brower, Jr. (3rd time)
2001 – 2003 Patsy Aamodt (f)
2003 – 2005 Percy Nusunginya (b. 1941)
2005 - 2016 Thomas P. Olemaun
2016 - 2018 Charles Brower
2018 - 2021 Muriel K. Brower (f)
2021 - Forrest D. Olemaun
Curyung
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the region of Bristol Bay Native Corp. (respective regional non-
profit organization: Bristol Bay Native Association).
1995 Covered by the Bristol Bay Area Self-governance agreement
with the U.S.
1997 Renamed Curyung Tribal Council.
Presidents
bf.1992 - af.1993 Sally H. Smith (f)
bf.1994 - 2001 Ida Roehl (f)
2001 – 2002 DuWayne Johnson
First chiefs
2002 – 2003 Rose Heyano (f)
2003 – 2004 Ida Roehl (f)
2004 - 2021 Thomas Tilden (b. 1953)
2021 - Jonathan J. Larson
Inupiat of Arctic Slope
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![[Inupiat
Community of the Arctic Slope (Alaska, U.S.)]](xa-icas.gif "[Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope
(Alaska, U.S.)]")
the regional Indian tribe, federating 8 (originally 5) Native
Villages recognized by the U.S. as native tribal entities on
their own: Anaktuvuk Pass, Atqasuk, Barrow, Kaktovik (Barter
Island), Nuiqsut, Point Hope, Point Lay, and Wainwright.
22 Jun 1972 Within the region of Arctic Slope Regional Corp. (respective
regional non-profit organization: Arctic Slope Regional
Association).
1998 Covered by the Arctic Slope Self-governance agreement with U.S.
Presidents
1971 – 197. ....
c.1979 Joseph Upicksoun (b. 1932 – d. 2005)
c.1983 Arnold Brower, Sr. (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
bf.1992 - 1998 George Edwardson, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1947?)
1998 – 2000 Arnold J. Brower, Jr. (1st time)
2000 – 2001 Don Long
2001 – 2007 Arnold J. Brower, Jr. (2nd time)
2007 – 2010 George Edwardson, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
2010 – 2011 Doreen Lampe (f)
2011 – 2012 George Edwardson, Jr. (3rd time) (s.a.)
2012 - 2016 George Olemaun
2016 - George Edwardson, Jr. (4th time) (s.a.)
Ketchikan
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![[Ketchikan
Indian Corporation (Alaksa, U.S.)]](ak-ketchikan.jpg "[Ketchikan Indian Corporation (Alaksa,
U.S.)]")
19 Aug 1965 Under authority of the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida,
a regional Indian tribe.
22 Jun 1972 Within the region of Sealaska Corp. (respective regional non-profit
organization: Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida).
1995 Covered by the South East Alaska Self-governance agreement
with the U.S.
2021 Ketchikan Indian Community (on the U.S. list of tribal names).
Presidents
1940 – 19.. ....
bf.1989 - af.1993 Ronald W. Leighton
c.1995 Christine Collison (f)
c.1996 Gerald E. Hope
1998 – 2001 Stephanie D. Rainwater (f) (b. 1948)
(1st time)
2001 – 2002 Marly F. Edenso (f)
2002 – 2003 Charles W. White
2003 – 2005 Stephanie D. Rainwater–Sande (f) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
2005 – 2006 Samuel E. Bergeron (b. 1958)
2006 – 2007 Stephanie D. Rainwater–Sande (f) (s.a.)
(3rd time)
2007 – 2008 Richard Jackson
2008 – 2012 Norman A. Arriola
2012 - 2018 Irene Dundas (f)
2018 - 2019 Gianna Willard-Flanery (f)
2019 - 2020 Norman Skan
2020 - Jan 2022 Gloria Burns (f)
Jan 2022 - Trixie Bennett (f)
Kotzebue
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![[NANA Regional
Corp. (Alaska, U.S.)]](xa-NANA.jpg "[NANA Regional
Corp. (Alaska, U.S.)]")
7 Jun 1972 Within the region of NANA (Northwest Alaska Native Association)
Regional Corp., Inc. (respective regional non-profit organization:
Northwest Alaska Native Association [in 1973, renamed Maniilaq
Association]).
1995 Covered by the Maniilaq Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
Chairmen
1939 – 19.. ....
bf.1992 - af.1996 Peter Schaeffer (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2002 Marie N. Greene (f)
2002 – 2003 Eugene Smith
2003 – 2004 Ian Erlich
2004 – 2007 Peter Schaeffer (2nd time)
2007 – 2008 Guy Adams (1st time)
2008 – 2011 Margaret Hansen (f)
2011 – 2013 Guy Adams (2nd time)
2013 - 2016 Chester Ballot
2016 - 2017 Martin Shroyer
2017 - 2018 Robert J. Schaeffer
2018 - 2019 Dominic Ivanoff
2019 - 2023 Gia Hanna (f)
2023 - Toni R. Bergan (f)
Metlakatla
![[Metlakatla
Indian Community of the Annette Island Reserve (Alaska,
U.S.)]](ak-metlakatla.jpg "[Metlakatla Indian Community of the
Annette Island Reserve (Alaska, U.S.)]")
1887 Settlement (Metlakatla) by the Tsimshian emigrants from the
British Columbia, Canada, governed by Declaration of Residents
(1887), Rules and Regulations (1915) and Constitution (1944).
3 Mar 1891 Annette Island Indian Reserve set aside.
19 Dec 1944 Metlakatla Indian Community of the Annette Island Reserve.
1997 Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
Mayors
1887 – 1915 Village Council (elected annually)
1915 – 19.. Edmund Verney (b. 1861 - d. 1928)
c.19.. Alfred Atkinson
bf.1937 - af.1938 David Leask (b. 1884 - d. 1972)
1945 – 1957 John W. Smith (b. 1906 – d. 1990)
1957 - 1969 Henry S. Littlefield (b. 1914 - d. 1988)
1969 - 1971 Solomon Guthrie (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1997)
1971 – 1973 John R. Benson (b. 1932 – d. 1983)
1973 - 1975 Solomon Guthrie (2nd time) (s.a.)
1975 – 1977 Wallace D. Leask (b. 1921 – d. 2004)
1977 – 1979 Solomon D. Atkinson, Jr.
(1st time)
1979 - 1981 Stanley Patterson
1981 – 1983 Casey Nelson, Sr.
1983 – 1985 Harris L. Atkinson, Jr. (b. 1928 – d. 1999)
(1st time)
1985 - 1987 Casey D. Nelson, Jr. (1st time)
1987 - 1989 Harris L. Atkinson, Jr. (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1989 - 1991 Theodore "Ted" A. Littlefield (b. 1944 - d. 2003)
1991 – 1993 Casey D. Nelson, Jr. (2nd time)
1993 – 1995 Jim Scudero
1995 – 1997 Jack Booth, Sr.
1997 – 1999 Timothy E. Gilmartin
1999 – 2001 Solomon D. Atkinson
2001 – 2007 Victor C. Wellington, Sr.
(1st time)
2007 – 2008 John A. Scudero, Jr.
2008 – 2009 Karl S. Cook, Jr. (1st time)
2009 – 2011 Arthur G. Fawcett, Jr.
2011 – 2013 Victor C. Wellington, Sr.
(2nd time)
2013 - 2017 Audrey Hudson (f)
2017 - 2019 Karl S. Cook, Jr. (2nd time)
2019 - 2021 Reginald Atkinson
2021 - Albert Smith
Nome Eskimo
23 Nov 1939 Formal recognition by the U.S. (Nome Eskimo Community).
23 Jun 1972 Within the region of Bering Straits Native Corp. (respective
regional non-profit organization: Bering Straits Native
Association [in 1973, renamed Kawerak, Inc.]).
1995 Covered by the Kawerak (Norton Sound) Self-governance agreement
with the U.S.
Presidents
1939 – 19.. ....
bf.1992 - af.1993 Danny Karmun
bf.1994 - af.1995 Andrew Miller, Jr. (1st time)
c.1996 Sandra T. Tahbone (f) (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2000 Andrew Miller, Jr. (2nd time)
2000 Sandra T. Tahbone (f) (2nd time)
2000 – 2003 Andrew Miller, Jr. (3rd time)
2003 – 2005 Laban Iyatunguk, Jr.
2005 – 2006 Dawn Salesky (f) (1st time)
2006 – 2007 Clifford Johnson
2007 – 2008 Alfred Sahlin (1st time)
2008 Dawn Salesky (f) (2nd time)
2008 – 2009 Karlin Itchoak (f)
2009 Alfred Sahlin (2nd time)
2009 – 2010 Lester Keller
2010 Bantu Nichols
2010 – 2013 Cynthia Ahwinona (f)
2013 - 2017 Janice Doherty (f)
2017 - 2020 Shane Smithhisler
2020 - 202. Gloria Ann Karmun (f) (b. 1961)
202. - Loretta Bullard (f)
Orutsararmiut
1972 Native Village of Bethel listed for the first time, within the
region of Calista Corp. (respective regional non-profit
organization: Association of Village Council Presidents).
1988/1992 Renamed Orutsararmiut Native Village.
1995 Covered by Yukon-Kuskokwim Self-governance agreement with U.S.
Presidents
c.1982 John Angiak
bf.1992 - c.1996 Thaddeus Tikiun, Jr.
Chairmen
c.1996 - 2004 Henry J. Hunter, Sr. (1st time)
2004 – 2012 Raymond Watson
2012 - 2015 Gloria Simeon (f)
2015 - 2019 Walter Jim (1st time)
2019 - 2021 Henry J. Hunter, Sr. (2nd time)
2021 - Walter Jim (2nd time)
Sitka
![[Sitka Tribe of Alaska
(Alaska, U.S.)]](xa-sitka.gif "[Sitka Tribe of Alaska (Alaska,
U.S.)]")
11 Oct 1938 Formal recognition by the U.S. (Sitka Community Association).
1965 Under authority of the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida,
a regional Indian tribe.
22 Jun 1972 Within the region of Sealaska Corp. (respective regional non-profit
organization: Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida).
1992 Renamed Sitka Tribe of Alaska.
1995 Covered by the South East Alaska Self-governance agreement
with the U.S.
Head chiefs of Sitka Tlingits (in Russian: Glavny Koloshensky Toen)
1842 – 1868 Kooxx'aan (Mikhail) (d. 1868)
1868 – 1874 Vacant
1874 – 1889 Annaxoots (from 1886, Aleksey) (d. 1889)
1889 – 1908 Laanteech (Ivan) (b. c.1843 – d. 1908)
Presidents
1938 – 19.. ....
c.1982 Andy Hope
1987 – 1990 William M. Brady (b. 1922 – d. 1995)
1990 – 1991 Rav Perkins
1991 – 1992 Pete Esquiro
Chairmen
1992 – 2012 Lawrence A. "Woody" Widmark, Jr.
(1st time)
2012 - 2016 Michael Baines
2016 - 2020 Kathy H. Erickson (f)
2020 - Lawrence A. "Woody" Widmark, Jr.
(2nd time)
Sun'aq of Kodiak
1972 Kodiak Native Village listed for the first time, within
the region of Koniag Inc. (respective regional non-profit
organization: Kodiak Area Native Association).
1988 Renamed Shoonaq' Tribe of Kodiak.
1995 Covered by the Kodiak Area Self-governance agreement
with the U.S.
2000 Added to the (formal) list of federally recognized tribes.
2004 Renamed Sun'aq Tribe of Kodiak.
Chairmen
197.? - 1987 No elections
1987 – 1992 Margaret Roberts (f)
1992 – 1994 Julie Knagin (f)
1994 – 1995 Hank Eaton
1995 – 1997 Gloria Bishop (f)
1997 – 1999 Mark Olsen
1999 – 2000 Leonard "Pat" Heitman
2000 – 2002 Kenneth Parker
2002 – 2003 Teri Schneider (f)
2003 – 2008 Chris Helms
2008 – 2012 Brenda Schwantes (f)
2012 – 2013 Patricia Pruitt (f)
2013 – 2014 Jeannine "J.J." Marsh (f)
2014 – 2015 Sophie Frets (f)
2015 - 2016 Thomas Johnson (1st time)
2016 - 2017 Frank Petersen
2017 - 2020 Thomas Johnson (2nd time)
2020 - Nina Gronn (f)
Tlingit and Haida Central Council
![[Tlingit and Haida
Indian Tribes Central Council flag (Alaska,U.S.)]](xa-tlingit-haida.png "[Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes Central Council
flag (Alaska,U.S.)]")
5 Nov
1912
Alaska Native Brotherhood established by the Tlingit and
Haida tribes.
11 Nov
1935
Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida first meets
(regularly
from 1939), this is the origin of tribal government.
19 Aug 1965
Recognized by the U.S. as
governing authority of the regional
Indian tribe, consisting of a number of Native
communities, 17
(originally 15) of them recognized by the U.S. as native
tribal
entities on their own: Angoon, Chilkat (Klukwan),
Chilkoot
(Haines), Craig, Douglas, Hoonah, Hydaburg, Kake,
Kasaan,
Ketchikan, Klawock,
Petersburg, Saxman, Sitka,
Skagway, Wrangell,
and Yakutat.
22 Jun 1972
Within the region of Sealaska
Corp. (respective regional non-profit
organization: Central Council
of Tlingit and Haida itself).
1972
Self-governance contract with the U.S. (one of the
first of three).
bf.1982
Renamed Central Council
of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes
(on the U.S. list of tribal names in 1995).
21 Oct
1993
Interior Department omits council from
federal recognition list.
2 Nov
1994
Congress reconfirms federal recognition.
1995
Covered by the South East Alaska Self-governance
agreement with
the U.S.
Presidents
11 Nov 1935 -
1940
David Morgan
1940 -
1966
Andrew Percy Hope,
Sr.
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1966 -
1967
Ted Denny
1967 -
1972
John Borbridge, Jr.
1972 -
1976
Clarence Jackson, Sr.
1976 -
1980
Raymond E. Paddock,
Jr.
(b. 1936 - d. 1987)
1980 -
1984
Andrew John Hope,
Jr.
(b. 1923 – d. 1999)
1984 -
2007
Edward K. Thomas (1st time)
2007 - Apr
2010
William E. "Bill" Martin
2010 - 2014
Edward K. Thomas (2nd time)
2014 -
Richard J. Peterson
Arizona
Ak Chin Indian Community
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![[Ak Chin Indian
Community of Papago Indians (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-ak-chin.jpg "[Ak Chin Indian Community of Papago
Indians (Arizona, U.S.)]")
20 Dec 1961 Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian
Reservation.
1982 - 1997 Ak Chin Indian Community of Papago Indians of the Maricopa
(Ak Chin) Reservation (on the U.S. list of tribal names).
1993 Gaming compact.
2005 Self-governance agreement.
2016 Reference to reservation dropped from tribal name.
Chairmen
c.1929 General Council
1961 - 1963 Ross Lopez
1963 - 1965 Richard Carlyle (d. 1965)
c.1970 - 19 Jan 1972 Francis Antone
1972? - af.1979 Wilbert "Buddy" J. Carlyle
1979? Jonas Paul Miguel
1980 - Jan 1984 Leona M. Carlyle-Kakar (f)(1st time)
c.1984 Leroy Narcia
198. – 1988? Leona M. Carlyle-Kakar (f)(2nd time)
1989? - 1993? Delia M. Antone (f)(1st time)
(from c.1991, Delia M. Carlyle)
1993? - 1996 Martin J. Antone
1996 – 1997 Terry O. Enos (1st time)
1997 - 1998 William W. Antone
1998 – 2000 Leona M. Kakar (f) (3rd time)
2000 – 2002 Delia M. Carlyle (f)(2nd time)
2002 – 2006 Terry O. Enos (2nd time)
2006 – 2010 Delia M. Carlyle (f)(3rd time)
2010 - 2016 Louis J. Manuel, Jr.
Feb 2016 - Robert Miguel
Cocopah
![[Cocopah Indian Tribe
(Arizona, U.S.)]](az-cocopah.jpg "[Cocopah Indian Tribe (Arizona,
U.S.)]")
27 Sep 1917 Cocopah Indian Reservation established
16 Nov 1964 Cocopah Indian Tribe of Arizona
1992 Gaming compact.
Chiefs
1917 - af.1927 Frank Tehanna
c.1950 Joe San Diego
Chairmen
c.1950 - Feb 1963 Pedro Jim
Feb 1963 - 1964 Louis S. San Diego
1964 - 1968 Clara Barley Brown (f) (b. 1909)
1968 - 1970 Lena San Diego (f)
1970 - 1978 Robert Sam Barley
1978 - 1990 Fred Miller
1990 - Jul 1994 Dale Phillips (b. 1946 - d. 2016)
15 Jul 1994 - 1995 Peter Soto (d. 1995)
1995 - Sherry Cordova (f)
(acting to 1996)
Colorado River Indian Tribes
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![[Colorado River
Indian Tribes (CRIT) (Arizona, California,
U.S.)]](xa-colori.gif "[Colorado River Indian Tribes
(CRIT) (Arizona, California, U.S.)]")
3 Mar 1865 Colorado River Reservation, Arizona/California established (no
treaty).
1909 Reservation opened to the non-Indian settlement.
13 Aug 1937 Colorado River Indian Tribes (CRIT)
2003 Gaming compact with the state.
Chiefs of Mojave
1861 – 1874 Yara-tav (= Iretaba) (b. c.1808 – d. 1874)
(in 1867, came from Fort Mojave)
1874 – c.1898 Hook-a-row (d. c.1898)
c.1898 - af.1914 Manataba
Chief of Chemehuevi
bf.1863 - 187. Pan Coyer (Espanqua)
Chairmen
c.1929 General Council
18 Sep 1937 - 193. Jay Gould (1st time)
c.1939 George G. Fisher
c.1940 Wendell Goodman
c.1942 Henry Welsh
c.1945 - af.1948 Kearney Miller
c.1949 - af.1950 Jay Gould (2nd time)
bf.1951 - 1953 George Fisher
1953 - af.1954 Jay Gould (3rd time)
195. - 1955 Herman Laffoon, Sr. (1st time)
1955 - 1965 Peter Homer (b. 1903 - d. 1988)
1965 - 1967 Herman Laffoon, Sr. (2nd time)
1967 – 1969 Dempsey Scott
1969 - 1971 Adrian Fisher
1971 – Dec 1974 Antone Gonzalez
Jan 1975 - Jan 1977 Anthony Drennan (1st time)
Jan 1977 – Jan 1981 Franklin McCabe
Jan 1981 – Jan 1989 Anthony Drennan (2nd time)
Jan 1989 - Jan 2009 Daniel Eddy, Jr.
Jan 2009 - 2013 Eldred Enas
2013 - Jan 2014 Wayne Patch
Jan 2014 - Jan 2021 Dennis Patch
Jan 2021 - Amelia Flores (f)
Fort McDowell Yavapai
![[Fort
McDowell Yavapai Nation (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-yavapai_fort-mcdowell.jpg "[Fort
McDowell Yavapai Nation (Arizona, U.S.)]")
15 Sep 1903 Fort McDowell Reservation established.
1903 – 1913 Camp McDowell Indian Agency.
1933 First constitution adopted.
24 Nov 1936 Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian Community of the Fort
McDowell Reservation
1992 Gaming compact.
12 Nov 1999 Renamed Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation (on the U.S. list
of tribal names in 2002).
Chiefs
c.1900 - 1914 Yuma Frank (Kapalwa) (d. 1914)
1914 – 19.. Thomas Surrama
bf.1929 - 1933 General Council
Presidents
1933 – 193. ....
c.1938 Sam Wilson
c.1940 John Smith
c.1947 Harry Austin
c.1948 Ben Kill (1st time)
c.1955 - c.1956 Ben Kill (2nd time)
c.1965 Phillip Dorchester (b. 1933 - d. 1997)
c.1968 - Feb 1970 Vincent Smith
c.1971 Harry Jones
c.1972 Bob Brussel
197. - 197. Esau Patrick (b. 1934 - d. 1999)
c.1972 - 1973 Robert Lloyd Doka (b. 1935 – d. 1977)
c.1973 Gilbert S. Jones (1st time)
c.1974 - 1975 Ben Kill (3rd time)
1975 - 1976 Robert Russell
1976 - Jan 1977 Clinton M. Pattea (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2013)
Feb 1977 Ethel Doka (f) (d. 1981)
1977 - 19.. Hiawatha Hood
c.1980 - 1981 Clinton M. Pattea (2nd time) (s.a.)
1981 - May 1982 Norman Austin (1st time)
198. - 1983 Joan Enos (f) (b. 1928 - d. 1999)
c.1983 - Feb 1985 Ben Kill (4th time)
1985 - 198. Norman Austin (2nd time)
198. - Feb 1990 Clinton M Pattea (3rd time) (s.a.)
c.1990 – Feb 1991 Gilbert S. Jones (2nd time)
bf.1992 - 1997 Clinton M. Pattea (4th time) (s.a.)
1997 - 1999 Gilbert S. Jones (3rd time)
1999 - 2000 Bernadine Boyd (f)(1st time)
2000 - 2004 Clinton M. Pattea (5th time) (s.a.)
2004 - 2008 Raphael R. Bear
2008 - 5 Jul 2013 Clinton M. Pattea (6th time) (s.a.)
Aug 2013 - Jan 2016 Ruben Balderas
Jan 2016 - Bernadine Burnette (f) (2nd time)
(= Bernadine Boyd)
Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada
![[Fort Mojave Indian Tribe
(Arizona, California, Nevada, U.S.)]](az-fort_mojave.jpg "[Fort Mojave
Indian Tribe (Arizona, California, Nevada, U.S.)]")
30 Mar 1870 Fort Mojave Indian Reservation established (formally from
2 Feb 1911).
1890 – 1930 Fort Mojave Indian Agency.
6 May 1957 Fort Mojave Indian Tribe
1990 Gaming compact with the state.
Chiefs of Mojave (title: Aha Macav Pina Ta'ahon)
bf.1859 - 1861 Homoseh-quahot (1st time) (d. 1875)
1861 – 1867 Yara-tav (= Iretaba) (b. c.1808 – d. 1874)
(moved to Colorado River)
1867 – 1875 Homoseh-quahot (2nd time) (s.a.)
1875 – 1877 Empote-quatachech (= Potachecha) (d. 1877)
1877 – 1947 Sukulai-homar (Peter Lambert) (b. 1869 – d. 1947)
1877 – c.1890 John Asukit (guardian)
1947 – 1951 Homer O. Davidson (b. 1892 – d. 1959)
(head of interim government)
Chairmen
1951 - 1957 Robert Jenkins (b. 1897 – d. 1964)
1957 - 1965 Frances Malika Stillmann (f) (b. 1910 – d. 1994)
1965 - c.1970 Llewellyn Barrackman (1st time) (b. 1918 - d. 2006)
c.1970 - 1973? Minerva Jenkins (f) (1st time)
c.1974 - Dec 1982 Llewellyn Barrackman (2nd time) (s.a.)
c.1983 Norvin McCord (acting)
c.1983 - c.1984 Minerva Jenkins (f) (2nd time)
1985 - Jun 1993 Nora Garcia (f)(1st time)
Jun 1993 - 1997 Patricia Madueño (f)
1997 - 13 Jul 2002 Nora Garcia Helton (f)(2nd time)
13 Jul 2002 - Aug 2002 Llewellyn Barrackman (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Aug 2002 - 2007 Nora McDowell (f)(3rd time)
(= Nora Garcia Helton)
2007 - Timothy Williams
Fort Yuma Quechan: see under California
Gila River Indian Community
![[Gila River Indian
Community (GRIC) (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-gila-river.jpg "[Gila River
Indian Community (GRIC) (Arizona, U.S.)]")
17.. Pima and Maricopa tribes confederate.
1825 - 1856 Treaty of alliance with Mexico.
1856 Pima (1864 - 1875 occasionally named Gila River) Indian Agency
established.
21 Feb 1859 Gila River Indian Reservation established (no treaty)
14 May 1936 Gila River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community,.
20 Jan 1960 Gila River Indian Community (GRIC).
1982 - 1997 Gila River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (on the U.S. list of
tribal names).
1993 Gaming compact with the state.
2003 Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
Head chiefs of Pima (largest tribe of the confederacy; title of chief: Uhgchu)
bf.1825 - 1855 Juan Antonio Llunas "Culo Azul" (d. 1855)
(also titled as governor)
1855 - 1910 Antonio Azul (b. c.1825 - d. 1910)
1910 - 1923 Antonito Azul (b. 1851 – d. 1923)
Governors
1923 – 1926 General Council
1926 – 1934/36 Advisory Committee
Oct 1936 – 1937 Xavier Cawker
1937 – 1938 Johnson McAfee
1939 - 1942 Alexander Cannon
1942 – 1944 Alfred Jackson, Sr. (1st time)
1944 - 1945 Gee Gage
1945 - 1950 David A. Johnson, Sr.
1951 - 1952 Alfred Jackson, Sr. (2nd time)
1952 - 1954 Loyde A. Allison (1st time) (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
1954 – 31 Dec 1960 Jay R. Morago, Jr. (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
1 Jan 1961 – 31 Dec 1963 Nelson José
1 Jan 1964 – 31 Dec 1969 Loyde A. Allison (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1970 – 31 Dec 1981 Alexander Lewis, Sr.
1 Jan 1982 – 31 Dec 1984 Dana R. Norris
1 Jan 1985 – 31 Dec 1987 Donald R. Antone, Sr. (1st time) (b. 1937)
1 Jan 1988 – 31 Dec 1993 Thomas P. White
1 Jan 1994 – 31 Dec 1999 Mary Vivian Thomas (f)
1 Jan 2000 – 31 Dec 2002 Donald R. Antone, Sr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2003 – 31 Dec 2005 Richard P. Narcia (b. 1953)
1 Jan 2006 – 31 Dec 2011 William P. Rhodes (b. 1933)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2014 Gregory Mendoza (b. 1965)
1 Jan 2015 - Stephen Roe Lewis
Havasupai
![[Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation
(Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-havasupai.gif "[Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
8 Jun 1880 Havasupai Reservation set aside.
1904 – 1933 Havasupai Indian Agency.
27 Mar 1939 Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona.
Chiefs
bf.1869- 1872 Wa Sgwiivma (d. 1872)
1872 – 1898 'Navahu (= Navajo) (d. 1898)
1900 – 1942 Hmaan Gjaah (= Manakaja) (b. c.1848 – d. 1942)
Chairmen
Mar 1939 - 1940 Arthur Kaska
1940 - 194. Dean Sinyella
c.1943 Jim Crook
c.1946 West Sinyella
c.1947 Lemuel Paya (1st time)
c.1951 Clark Jack, Sr.
c.1952 Lemuel Paya (2nd time)
c.1957 Juan Sinyella
c.1959 Lemuel Paya (3rd time)
c.1962 - Apr 1963 Earl Paya (1st time) (b. 1919)
May 1963 - 1965 Lee Marshall (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
c.1965 - Dec 1966 Earl Paya (2nd time) (s.a.)
c.1967 Lee Marshall (2nd time) (s.a.)
c.1968 - c.1969 Daniel Kaska (b. 1928)
c.1971 - Jan 1972 Lee Marshall (3rd time) (s.a.)
1973 - Dec 1974 Oscar Paya
1975 – 197. Leon Rogers
1976 - 197. Clark C. Jack, Jr. (1st time)
197. – 1978 Wayne Sinyella (1st time) (b. 1949 - d. 1999)
1978 - 1980 Reed Watahomigie
1980 - 1982 Wayne Sinyella (2nd time) (s.a.)
1982 - 1984 Clark C. Jack, Jr. (2nd time)
1984 - 1986 James Uqualla
1986 – af.1987 Wayne Sinyella (3rd time) (s.a.)
198. - 1988 Delmer Uqualla
1988? - 1990 Clark C. Jack, Jr. (3rd time)
1990 – Dec 1990 Wayne Sinyella (4th time) (s.a.)
bf.1991 - af.1992 Don Watahomigie
1990 - 1993 Wayne Sinyella (5th time) (s.a.)
1993 – 1994 Rex Tilousi (1st time)
1994 - Dec 1996 Wayne Sinyella (6th time) (s.a.)
1996 - c.1997 Lester Crooke
c.1997 - 1998 Lincoln Manakaja (b. 1947)
1998 – 1999 Thomas Siyuja (1st time)
1999 – 2001 Augustine Hanna
2001 – 2002 Agnes Chamberlain (f)
2002 – 2004 Donald E. Watahomigie (1st time)
2004 – 2005 Rex Tilousi (2nd time)
2005 – 2007 Thomas Siyuja (2nd time)
2007 – 2009 Donald E. Watahomigie (2nd time)
2009 - 2011 Bernadine Jones (f)
2011 - 2014 Donald E. Watahomigie (3rd time)
2014 - 2015 Rex Tilousi (3rd time)
2015 - 2017 Donald E. Watahomigie (4th time)
2017 - Jan 2020 Muriel Uqualla-Coochytewa (f)
Jan 2020 - 2022 Eva Kissoon (f)
2022 - Thomas Siyuja (3rd time)
Hopi
|
|
![[Hopi Tribe (Arizona,
U.S.)]](us-hopi.jpg "[Hopi Tribe (Arizona, U.S.)]")
settlements in the U.S.); by c.1750 there were 7 Hopi pueblos.
1629 – 1680 Subject to the Spanish (1699 – 1700 again briefly).
1869 Moqui Pueblo (from 1923, Hopi) Indian Agency established
(1883-1899 closed).
16 Dec 1882 Hopi (to 1907, Moqui) Indian Reservation created.
1906 "Oraibi Split", majority of Oraibi population leaves to establish
5 new villages, including Hotevila, which becomes leading
traditional village.
19 Dec 1936 Hopi Tribe, a "union" of 12 self-governing Villages: Bacavi,
Hotevila, Kykotsmovi, Lower Moenkopi, Mishongnovi, Oraibi,
Sichumovi, Sipaulovi, Shungopavi, Tewa, Upper Moenkopi, Walpi
(Sichumovi, Tewa and Walpi administered jointly as the First Mesa
Consolidated Villages); some of traditional villages refuse to
participate in the central government (as of 1936, Bacavi,
Hotevila, Lower Moenkopi, Oraibi; as of 2014, Hotevila, Lower
Moenkopi, Oraibi, Shungopavi, and First Mesa).
1936 – 1974 Most of the original Hopi Reservation (except the District 6)
shared between Hopi and Navajo (in 1962, the shared area
formally organized as the Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area; in 22 Dec
1974, that Area partitioned between Hopi and Navajo by the
Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement Act).
Chiefs of Oraibi Pueblo (oldest pueblo, originally with precedence over others)
(title: Kikmongwi)
c.1825 - c.1850 Talayawma (d. c.1850)
c.1850 - c.1865 Nakwaiyamtewa (d. c.1865)
c.1865 – 1880 Kuyingwu (acting)
1880 – 1904 Lololma (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
1904 – 1960 Wilson Tewaquaptewa (b. 1873 – d. 1960)
(forced to reside in California 1906-1909)
1906 – 1909 Sakwaitewa (acting) (d. 196.)
(not recognized by the U.S.)
1960 – 1978 Mina Lansa (f)(de facto acting)(b. 1904 – d. 1978)
1978 – 2005? Stanley Bahnimptewa (acting) (b. 1911 – d. 2005?)
(last Kikmongwi)
Chiefs of Hotevila (assumes traditional leadership from Oraibi; title: Kikmongwi)
1906 – 1929 Yukiwma (b. c.1835 – d. 1929)
1929 Poliwuhiwma (d. 1929)
1930 – 1943 Dan Qötshongva (1st time) (b. 1875 – d. 1972)
(acting)
1943 – 1989 James Pongyayawma (d. 1989)
(absent 1950-1967, did not resume until 1972)
1950 – 1972 Dan Qötshongva (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1972 Ralph Tawangyawma (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1972)
1989 – 1990 Martin Kyarwisiwma (acting)
(last Kikmongwi)
Chiefs of Shungopavi (assumes traditional leadership from Hotevila; title: Kikmongwi)
bf.1936 - af.1951 Clark Talahaftewa (Talahevtewa)
bf.1970 - af.1977 Claude Kewanyawma
bf.2010 - Lee Wayne Lomayestewa
Chairmen
1936 - 1937 Peter Nuvamsa (1st time)
1937 Wesley Poneoma
1937 – 1938 Otto Lomavitu
1938 – 1939 Peter Nuvamsa (2nd time)
1939 – 1940 ....
1940 – 1941 Samuel P. Shing
1941 - 1943 Byron P. Adams
1943 Roger Honahni (acting) (b. 1890 - d. 19..)
1943 – 1944 Ray Seumptewa
1944 – 1945 Emory Sekaquaptewa (b. 1895 – d. 1969)
1945 – 1950 No elections?
1950 – 1951 Karl T. Johnson (1st time)
1951 - 1953 Logan Koopee (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1980)
1953 – 1955 Hale Secakuku (b. 1907 - d. 1969)
1955 - 1958 Karl T. Johnson (2nd time)
1958 Willard Sekiestewa (1st time) (b. 1904 - d. 1992)
1958 - 1959 Dewey Healing (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1992)
1959 – 1960 Willard Sekiestewa (2nd time) (s.a.)
1960 – 1961 Harry T. Chaca (b. 1903 - d. 19..)
1961 – 1963 Abbott Sekaquaptewa (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 1992)
1963 – 1964 Dewey Healing (2nd time) (s.a.)
1964 - 1965 Lee Thomas
Dec 1965 - 30 Nov 1966 Dewey Healing (3rd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1966 - 1967 Logan Koopee (2nd time) (s.a.)
1967 – Dec 1969 Jean Fredericks (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Dec 1969 – Dec 1975 Clarence C. Hamilton
Dec 1975 – Dec 1981 Abbott Sekaquaptewa (2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1981 - Dec 1989 Ivan L. Sidney (1st time) (b. 1947)
Dec 1989 - Dec 1993 Vernon Masayesva
Dec 1993 - Dec 1997 Ferrell Secakuku (b. 1937 - d. 2007)
Dec 1997 - Dec 2005 Wayne Taylor Jr.
Dec 2005 – Sep 2006 Ivan L. Sidney (2nd time) (s.a.)
Sep 2006 – Mar 2007 Todd Honyaoma (acting)
Mar 2007 - 31 Dec 2008 Benjamin H. Nuvamsa
1 Jan 2009 – Dec 2009 Mary A. Felter (f) (acting)
Dec 2009 - Dec 2013 LeRoy N. Shingoitewa (b. 1945?)
Dec 2013 - Dec 2017 Herman G. Honanie (b. 1953?)
Dec 2017 - Timothy L. Nuvangyaoma
Superintendents, Hopi Agency (in Keams Canyon, Arizona)
1924 - 1933 Edgar K. Miller
1934 - 1935 Ernest H. Hammond (acting)
1935 - 1938 Alexander G. Hutton
(acting to 1936)
1939 - 1942 Seth Wilson
May 1942 - Sep 1947 Burton A. Ladd
1948 - 1951 James D. Crawford (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
1951 - 1953 Dow Carnal
May 1954 - Jan 1956 Clyde W. Pensoneau (1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 1989)
Feb 1956 - 1965 Herman E. O'Harra
1965 - 1967 Clyde W. Pensoneau (2nd time) (s.a.)
1697 - 1968 Joseph Nucero (acting)
1968 - 1972 Homer M. Gilliland
1972 - 1974 Francis J. Boger (acting)
1974 Guy McIntosh (b. 1926? - d. 2004)
Hualapai
![[Hualapai Indian Tribe of
the Hualapai Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-hualalapai.gif "[Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Reservation
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
4 Jan 1883 Hualapai (to 1929, also spelled Walapai) Indian Reservation
established.
1901 Truxton Canyon Indian Agency established.
17 Dec 1938 Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Reservation, Arizona.
Chiefs of Middle Mountain People (largest of 3 tribal divisions; title: Pa-kawha't)
1863 – 1910 Cherum (Tokumhet "Big Chief") (b. c.1840 – d. 1910)
1910 – 1919 Leve Leve (b. 184. - d. 1919)
First chiefs (honorary leaders of the council)
c.1921 Steve Leve-Leve (b. 1875 – d. 19..)
bf.1927 - af.1931 Bob Schrum (d. af.1944)
Chairman
1934 – Nov 1938 Charles McGee (b. 1903 – d. 1979)
Presidents
Nov 1938 - 1939 Philip Quasula (b. 1890 – d. 19..)
1939 - 1940 Charles McGee (s.a.)
1940 - 1941 Leo Bill Andrews (1st time)
1941 - 1944 Grant Tapija (1st time)
1944 - 1945 Leo Bill Andrews (2nd time)
1945 - 1946 Grant Tapija (2nd time)
1946 - 1948 Leo Bill Andrews (3rd time)
1948 - 1950 Wilson Honga (1st time)
1950 - Oct 1952 Sterling Mahone (b. 1915 - d. 1977)
4 Oct 1952 - 1953 Wilson Honga (2nd time)
1953 - Dec 1953 Leo Bill Andrews (4th time)
1954 - Oct 1955 Rupert Parker
Chairmen
Oct 1955 - 1958 Rupert Parker (1st time)
1958 - 1960 Jacob Honga
1960 - 1962 Rupert Parker (2nd time)
1962 - 1963 Willie Walker
1963 - 1964 Sterling Mahone (1st time) (s.a.)
1964 - 1966 George Rocha
1966 - Oct 1966 Sterling Mahone (2nd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1966 - Feb 1970 Rupert Parker (3rd time)
Feb 1970 - Jun 1971 Sterling Mahone (3rd time) (s.a.)
Jun 1971 - 1973 Benedict Beecher
1973 - 1975 Sterling Mahone (4th time) (s.a.)
1975 - 1976 Wilfred Whatoname (1st time)
1976 - 1979 Earl Havatone (1st time) (b. 1931 - d. 2000)
c.1980 Wilfred Whatoname (2nd time)
198. - 1983 Delbert Havatone (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2001)
1 Jul 1983 - 20 Sep 1983 Justin Powskey (b. 1943 - d. 2016)
Sep 1983 - Jun 1984 Delbert Havatone (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jun 1984 - Jun 1988 Edgar B. Walema
Jun 1988 - 1990 Carrie Bender Imus (f)
1990 - 1992 Earl Havatone (2nd time) (s.a.)
1992 - 1996 Delbert Havatone (3rd time)
1996 - 2000 Earl Havatone (3rd time) (s.a.)
2000 - 2004 Louise Benson (f) (1st time)
2004 - 2009 Charlie Vaughn
2009 - 2011 Wilfred Whatoname (2nd time)
2011 - 2012 Louise Benson (f) (2nd time)
2012 - 2016 Sherry J. Counts (f) (1st time)
2016 - Jan 2023 Damon R. Clarke
Jan 2023 - Sherry J. Parker (f) (2nd time)
Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians
![[Kaibab Band of Paiute
Indians (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-kaibab-paiute.jpg "[Kaibab Band of Paiute
Indians (Arizona, U.S.)]")
1910 – 1927 Kaibab Indian agency.
11 Jun 1913 Kaibab Reservation set aside.
1951 Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians
Chairmen
bf.1942 – 195. ....
c.1959 Theodore Drye
bf.1963 - 10 Jan 1969 Vernon E. Jake (d. 1969)
1969 – Oct 1975 Bill Tom (1st time)
1975 - 1977 Vivian C. Jake (f)
1977 - 1982 Bill Tom (2nd time)
1982 – 1983 Dolores Savala (f) (1st time)
1983 – 1984 Gloria Bulletts (f) (1st time)
1984 – 1989 Dolores Savala (f) (2nd time)
1989 – 1990 Alberta Fuller (f)
1990 – 1996 Gloria Bulletts-Benson (f)
(2nd time)
1996 – 2006 Carmen M. Bradley (f)
2006 – 2009 Ona M. Segundo (f) (1st time)
2009 – 2010 Timothy L. Rogers
2010 – 2011 Ona M. Segundo (f) (2nd time)
2011 - 2015 Manuel M. Savala
2015 - 2017 Roland Maldonado
2017 - Ona M. Segundo (f) (3rd time)
|
![[Navajo Nation
(Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, U.S.)]](xa-navajo.gif "[Navajo Nation (Arizona, New Mexico,
Utah, U.S.)]")
Adopted 21 May 19681786 -
1793
Subject to the Spanish.
1849
Navajos under protection of the U.S. (Navajo Tribe;
official
spelling Navaho), the original boundaries of the Navajo
country
fixed.
1851
Navaho
Indian Agency established (1901-1935 divided into
several
agencies).
1864 -
1868
Settled at Bosque Redondo Reservation in New Mexico.
1 Jun
1868
Navajo country formally ceded to the U.S. in exchange
for a
reservation (Navaho Indian Reservation).
1922
Tribal government established, tribe governed by
Regulations
(24 Apr 1923), Rules (26 Jul 1938) and Resolution (15
Dec 1989).
15 Jun
1935
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by
referendum.
15 Apr
1969
Navajo Nation (also spelling "Navajo" is officially
specified)
(on the U.S. list of tribal names from 1996).
2004
Gaming compact
with the state.
c.1822 - 1849 Narbona (Hastiin Naat'aa) (b. 1766 - d. 1849)
1849 - 1853 Mariano Martinez
1853 - 1855 Zarcillos Largos (1st time) (d. 1858)
1855 - 1858 Manuelito (Hastiin Ch'ilhajini)(b. 1818 - d. 1893)
(1st time)
1858 Zarcillos Largos (2nd time) (s.a.)
1858 - 1861 Herrero Delgado (A'tsidii Sani)(b. 1830 - d. 1870)
1861 - 1866 Herrero Grande
1866 - 1871 Barboncito (Hastiin Da'ghaaii) (b. 1820 - d. 1871)
1871 - 1885 Ganado Mucho (b. 1809 - d. 1890)
(To'tso'nii Hastiin)
(for Western Navajos)
1871 - 1885 Manuelito (2nd time) (s.a.)
(for Eastern Navajos)
1885 - 1923 Henry Chee Dodge (b. 1857 - d. 1947)
(Hastiin Adiits'a'ii, Kiiłchíí')
Chairmen
1922 – 1923 Business Council
- Henry Chee Dodge (s.a.)
- Dugal Chee Bekiss
(Daghaa' Lichii' Bik'is)
- Charley Mitchell (d. 1932)
(acting)
7 Jul 1923 - 1928 Henry Chee Dodge (1st time) (s.a.)
1928 – Jul 1932 Deshna Clah Chischilze (d. 1945)
(Dashne Cheschillige)
Jul 1932 – Mar 1936 Thomas Dodge (b. 1899 - d. 1987)
Mar 1936 - Mar 1937 Marcus Kanuho (interim) (b. 1889 - d. 1985)
Mar 1937 – Nov 1938 Henry Taliman, Sr. (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
Nov 1938 – Nov 1942 Jacob C. Morgan (b. 1879 – d. 1950)
Nov 1942 - Nov 1946 Henry Chee Dodge (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1946 - Apr 1955 Sam Ahkeah (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
Apr 1955 – Apr 1963 Paul Jones (b. 1895 - d. 1971)
Apr 1963 - Apr 1971 Raymond Nakai (b. 1918 - d. 2005)
Apr 1971 - Apr 1983 Peter MacDonald (1st time) (b. 1928)
Apr 1983 – Apr 1987 Peterson Zah (b. 1937 - d. 2023)
Apr 1987 – 17 Feb 1989 Peter MacDonald (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1989 – 10 Mar 1989 Marshall P. Plummer (interim) (b. 1948 – d. 2010)
10 Mar 1989 – 15 Jan 1991 Leonard Haskie (interim) (b. 1944 - d. 2015)
Presidents
15 Jan 1991 – 10 Jan 1995 Peterson Zah (s.a.)
10 Jan 1995 – 19 Feb 1998 Albert A. Hale (b. 1950 - d. 2021)
19 Feb 1998 – 24 Jul 1998 Thomas E. Atcitty (b. 1933 - d. 2020)
24 Jul 1998 – 12 Jan 1999 Milton Bluehouse, Sr. (interim)(b. 1935 - d. 2019)
12 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2003 Kelsey A. Begaye (b. 1951 - d. 2021)
20 Jan 2003 - 11 Jan 2011 Joe Shirley, Jr. (b. 1947)
11 Jan 2011 - 12 May 2015 Ben Shelly (b. 1947 - d. 2023)
12 May 2015 - 8 Jan 2019 Russell Begaye (b. 1958)
15 Jan 2019 - 10 Jan 2023 Jonathan Nez (b. 1975)
10 Jan 2023 - Buu Nygren (b. 1986)
U.S. Navajo Agents (at Fort Defiance, Arizona)
12 Mar 1851 – 1852 R.H. Weightman
22 Jul 1852 – 1853 S.M. Baird
11 Apr 1853 – 15 Nov 1856 Henry S. Dodge (d. 1856)
1856 – 1857 Vacant
25 Jun 1857 – 1858 W.R. Harley
11 Sep 1858 – 1859 R.J. Cowart
1 Jul 1859 – 1861 S.F. Kendrick
30 Apr 1861 – 1865 John Ward
24 May 1865 – 1868 Theodore H. Dodd
16 Jul 1868 – 1869 J.C. French
1 Jul 1869 – 1870 Frank T. Bennett (1st time)
22 Nov 1870 – 1872 James H. Miller
4 Jun 1872 – 1873 Thomas Varker Keam
18 Jun 1873 – 1875 William F.M. Arny
23 Sep 1875 – 1878 Alexander G. Irvine
1 Apr 1878 – 26 Apr 1879 John E. Pyle
27 Apr 1879 – 30 Jun 1880 Galen Eastman (1st time)
1 Jul 1880 – 30 Jun 1881 Frank T. Bennett (2nd time)
(acting)
1 Jul 1881 – 31 Dec 1882 Galen Eastman (2nd time)
1 Jan 1883 – 30 Jun 1884 Dennis M. Riordan
1 Jul 1884 – 31 Mar 1886 John H. Bowman
1 Apr 1886 – 16 Jan 1889 S.S. Patterson
17 Jan 1889 – 18 Dec 1890 Charles E. Vandever
19 Dec 1890 – 31 Mar 1893 David L. Shipley
1 Apr 1893 – 14 Nov 1894 Edward H. Plummer (acting)
15 Nov 1894 – 14 Oct 1898 Constant Williams
15 Oct 1898 – 30 Sep 1903 George W. Hayzlett (b. 1837 - d. 1908)
Superintendents, Indian Training School, Navajo Agency
(1923 - 31 Dec 1926, Navajo Agency; from 1 Jan 1927, Southern Navajo Agency)
(at Fort Defiance, Arizona)
1 Oct 1903 – 16 Oct 1906 Reuben Perry
17 Oct 1906 - 8 Nov 1906 Sam B. Daire (supervisor in charge)
9 Nov 1906 – 30 Sep 1908 William H. Harrison
1 Oct 1908 – 24 Jan 1919 Peter Paquette (1st time)
25 Jan 1919 - 16 Jul 1919 S.A.M. Young (acting)
17 Sep 1919 – 15 Nov 1924 Peter Paquette (2nd time)
16 Nov 1924 - 31 Dec 1924 Chester L. Walker (acting agent)
1 Jan 1925 – 31 Dec 1928 August F. Duclos
1 Jan 1929 – 30 Sep 1934 John G. Hunter
1 Oct 1934 – 30 Jun 1935 William H. Zeh
(acting administrator)
Superintendents, Western Navajo School and Agency (from 1923, Western Navajo Agency)
(in Tuba City, Arizona)
27 Aug 1901 – 30 Nov 1904 Milton J. Needham
1 Dec 1904 – 22 Nov 1907 Matthew M. Murphy
23 Nov 1907 – 1 May 1910 Stephen Janus
17 May 1910 – 8 Aug 1912 Clarence R. Jeffries
9 Aug 1912 - 16 Oct 1912 Claude C. Early (special agent)
17 Oct 1912 – 4 Jul 1914 William T. Sullivan
7 Jul 1914 – 30 Apr 1920 Walter Runke
1 May 1920 – 31 Jan 1921 Robert E. Burris
1 Feb 1921 - 22 Feb 1921 Charles E. Coe
(special supervisor)
23 Feb 1921 – 8 Apr 1921 Charles L. Ellis (special agent)
9 Apr 1921 – 18 Apr 1923 Byron A. Sharp
19 Apr 1923 - 31 May 1923 Adelbert W. Leech
(special supervisor)
1 Jun 1923 – 31 Mar 1926 Harvey K. Meyer
1 Apr 1926 – 15 Feb 1933 Chester L. Walker
16 Feb 1933 – 30 Sep 1934 John E. Balmer
1 Oct 1934 – 30 Jun 1935 Francis J. Scott
Superintendents, San Juan School Agency (from 1 Jan 1927, Northern Navajo Agency)
(in Shiprock, New Mexico)
1903 – 1906 .... [No Data]
1907 - 1916 William Taylor Shelton (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
1916 - 1917 Harold F. Coggeshall
1917 - 31 Dec 1926 Evan W. Estep (b. 1864 - d. 1950)
1 Jan 1927 – 31 Dec 1928 Albert H. Kneale (b. 1880 - d. 1943)
1 Jan 1929 – 31 Jan 1931 Billie P. Six
1 Feb 1931 - 30 Jun 1931 Ernest H. Hammond
(district superintendent)
1 Jul 1931 – 30 Jun 1935 Ernest R. McCray
Additional Farmers, Navajo Extension (in Leupp, Arizona)
1901 - 1902 .... [No Data]
1903 William R. Johnston
1904 Fred Allen
1904 - 1908 Joseph E. Maxwell
Superintendents, Leupp School and Agency (from 1923, Leupp Agency)(in Leupp, Arizona)
14 Aug 1908 – 28 Feb 1911 Joseph E. Maxwell
1 Mar 1911 – 11 Oct 1914 Charles H. Dickson
(supervisor to 31 Mar 1911)
12 Oct 1914 – 31 Mar 1915 Thomas K. Adreon (special agent)
1 Mar 1915 – 31 Mar 1924 Stephen Janus
1 Apr 1924 – 30 Apr 1926 Harmond P. Marble
1 May 1926 – 30 Jun 1927 William O. Roberts
1 Jul 1927 – 31 Dec 1928 John G. Hunter
1 Jan 1929 – 15 Feb 1933 John E. Balmer
16 Feb 1933 - 31 Oct 1933 Ernest H. Hammond
(district superintendent)
1 Nov 1933 – 31 Aug 1934 Theodore B. Hall
1 Sep 1934 - 30 Sep 1934 Francis J. Scott
1 Oct 1934 - 30 Jun 1935 Gordon J. Barber (senior clerk)
1 Oct 1934 - 30 Jun 1935 William H. Zeh
(acting administrator)
Superintendents, Pueblo Bonito School and Agency (1923 - 31 Dec 1926, Pueblo
Bonito Agency; from 1 Jan 1927, Eastern Navajo Agency)(in Crownpoint, New Mexico)
1907 - 1909 .... [No Data]
1909 – 30 Jun 1935 Samuel F. Stacher
Navajo Special Commissioner (charged with general Navajo issues)
1923 – 1935 Herbert J. Hagerman (b. 1871 – d. 1935)
General Superintendents, Navajo Agency (in Window Rock, Arizona)
1 Jul 1935 – 15 Apr 1936 Chester E. Faris (b. 1877 - d. 1957)
(superintendent)
16 Apr 1936 – 31 May 1942 E. Reeseman Fryer (b. 1901 - d. 1991)
1 Jun 1942 – 30 Jun 1949 James M. Stewart
1 Jul 1949 - 12 Nov 1949 Allan G. Harper
Area Director, Window Rock Area (in Window Rock, Arizona)
13 Nov 1949 - 31 Mar 1954 Allan G. Harper
General Superintendents, Navajo Agency (in Window Rock, Arizona)
1 Apr 1954 - 31 Aug 1958 G. Warren Spaulding
27 Sep 1959 - 1966 Glenn R. Landbloom (b. 1909)
Pascua Yaqui
![[Pascua Yaqui Tribe of
Arizona (Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-pasqua.gif "[Pascua Yaqui Tribe of
Arizona (Arizona, U.S.)]")
Aug 1964 Pascua Yaqui Village formed (special federal involvement).
18 Sep 1978 Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona federally recognized; until 1985
remains under jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement
1993 Gaming compact with the state.
Chairmen
1978 - Dec 1987 David G. Ramirez
1988 - 1992 Arcadio Gastelum (1st time)
1992 - 1994 Albert V. Garcia (d. 1994)
1994 (2 months) Octaviana V. Trujillo (f)
1994 - 1996 Arcadio Gastelum (2nd time)
1996 - 2000 Benito F. Valencia
2000 - 2004 Robert Valencia (1st time) (b. 1951)
2004 - 1 Aug 2007 Herminia Frias (f) (b. 1973)
1 Aug 2007 - 2016 Peter S. Yucupicio (1st time)
(acting to 2008)
2016 - Jun 2020 Robert Valencia (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jun 2020 - Peter S. Yucupicio (2nd time)
Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community
![[Salt River
Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-salt-river.jpeg "[Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
14 Jun 1879 Salt River Indian Reservation set aside.
1913 – 1934 Salt River (from 1927, Phoenix) Indian Agency established.
11 Jun 1940 Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, Arizona.
1993 Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
1998 Gaming compact with the state.
Head chiefs of Pima (title of chief: Uhgchu)
bf.1911 - 1933 Juan Andreas Chappo (b. c.1853 – d. 1933)
1933 - 19.. Jose King
Chairman
19.. – 1940 Vavages Buck
Presidents
1940 - 1946 Joseph Thomas
1946 - 1951 Billman Hayes, Sr. (1st time)
1951 - 1956 Hollis Chough
1956 - 1957 Billman Hayes, Sr. (2nd time)
1957 - 1958 Edmund Manuel (1st time)
1958 - 1959 Charles Chough
1959 - May 1960 Lemuel King
May 1960 - Sep 1960 Raymond Enos, Sr. (acting)
Sep 1960 - 1962 Burgess Burke
1962 - 1964 Vernon Smith
1964 - Jun 1967 Filmore Carlos (1st time)
Jun 1967 - Aug 1967 Johnson Enos (acting)
Aug 1967 - 1969 Filmore Carlos (2nd time)
1969 - 1970 Harold R. Schurz
1970 - 1971 Edmund Manuel (2nd time)
1971 - Dec 1974 Paul J. Smith
1974 - 1979 Gerald Anton (1st time)
1979 - 1982 Herschel Andrews
1982 - Feb 1990 Gerald Anton (2nd time)
Feb 1990 - Jul 1990 Alfretta M. Anton (f)(acting) (b. 1929 - d. 2012)
Jul 1990 - 2002 Ivan Makil
2002 - 2006 Joni M. Ramos (f)
2006 - Dec 2014 Diane Enos (f) (b. 1950)
Dec 2014 - 2018 Delbert W. Ray
Dec 2018 - Martin Harvier
San Carlos Apache
![[San Carlos Apache
Tribe (Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-sancarlos-apahe.png "[San Carlos Apache Tribe
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
1871 Camp Grant (from 1872, San Carlos) Indian Agency established.
14 Dec 1872 San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation established.
17 Jan 1936 San Carlos Apache Tribe
1993 Gaming compact with the state.
Chiefs of Aravaipa and Pinal Apache (largest band on the reservation; title: Nant'an)
c.186. Santos (chief of Aravaipa) (d. af.1872)
bf.1871 – 1891 Haske-bahnzin (= Eskiminzin) (b. c.1828 – d. 1895)
18.. – c.1915 General Council
c.1915 - 1923 Tribal Council
1923 – 1933 General Council
Chairmen
1933 – 193. ....
bf.1935 - af.1937 Victor Kindelay (b. 1882 - d. 19..)
c.1940 - 1942? Ernest Victor (b. 1911 - d. 1991)
c.1945 - 1948 Clarence Bullis (b. 1905 - d. ....)
1948 - 1954 Clarence Wesley (1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 1988)
1954 - 1958 Jesse J. Stevens
1958 - 1962 Clarence Wesley (2nd time) (s.a.)
1962 - 1974 Marvin Mull
1974 - 1978 Buck Kitcheyan, Sr. (1st time) (b. 1936 - d. 2010)
1978 - 1986 Ned Anderson
1986 - 1991 Buck Kitcheyan, Sr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1991 Raleigh Thompson (acting)
1991 - 1994 Harrison Talgo
1994 - 2002 Raymond Stanley
2002 - 2006 Kathleen "Kathy" Wesley-Kitcheyan (f)
2006 - 2010 Wendsler A. Nosie, Sr.
2010 - Terry Rambler
San Juan Southern Paiute
|
|
![[San Juan
Southern Paiute Tribe (Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-sjuan.gif "[San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
![[San Juan
Southern Paiute Tribe Variant flag (Arizona,
U.S.)]](xa-sjuan-y.gif "[San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe
Variant flag (Arizona, U.S.)]")
Navajo reservation).
1990 Recognition by the U.S. confirmed (San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe)
Chiefs
186. – 1877 Patnish (d. 1877)
c.1880 – c.1930 Pakai (from c.1900, David Lehi) (b. c.1845 – d. c.1930)
c.1930 – 1969 Alfred Lehi (b. 1898 – d. 1969)
1970 – 1980 Anna Whiskers (f)
Presidents
1980 – 1999 Evelyn James (f) (1st time)
(to 1984, spokesperson)
1999 – 2003 Johnny M. Lehi, Sr.
2003 – 2004 James Lehi (acting)
2004 – 2007 Evelyn James (f) (2nd time)
2007 Lee Choe (acting)
2007 – 2012 Mary L. Boone (f)
(not recognized by the U.S.)
2012 - 2015 May Preston (f)
2015 - 2016 Tiffany Williams (f)
2016 - 2021 Carlene Yellowhair (f) (b. 1974)
2021 - 2022 Michael King
2022 - Johnny Lehi, Jr.
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![[Tohono
O'odham flag to 2000 (Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-tohono1.gif "[Tohono O'odham flag to 2000 (Arizona,
U.S.)]")
![[Tohono
O'odham (Arizona, U.S.)]](us-tohono.jpg "[Tohono
O'odham (Arizona, U.S.)]")
![[Tohono O'odham
2012-2015, 12 feathers flag (Arizona, U.S.)]](xa-ton12.gif "[Tohono O'odham 2012-2015, 12 feathers
flag (Arizona, U.S.)]")
1699
Subject
to the Spanish (from 1821, Mexico).
8 Jun
1854
Gadsden Purchase leads to the current U.S.-Mexico border
traversing Papago Indian lands (by 1860, the
Papago in the U.S.
were organized in at least 12 villages, each
having a chief or
governor).
1857 – 1939
Papago (to 1864, Tucson; from 1919,
Sells) Indian Agency
established (1869-1902 closed).
1 Jul
1874
San Xavier reservation established.
12 Dec
1882
Gila Bend reservation established.
1 Feb
1917
Papago Indian Reservation established.
18 Jun
1937
Papago Tribe
10 Sep
1978
Florence Village is established as part of the Nation.
18 Jan
1986
Renamed Tohono O'odham Nation.
1993
Gaming
compact with the state.
2016
Self-governance
agreement.
Governors of San Xavier Papago (most
important village in the later U.S. territory)
c.1751
Cristobal
c.1830
Juan Ignacio
Zapata
c.1851
Jose Golosa
c.1857
Jose Victoriano Lucas
18.. – 193.
....
Chairmen
Jul 1936 - 1940
José Ignacio (1st time)
1940 -
1942
Peter Blaine
(b.
1902 – d. 19..)
1942 -
1945
Henry A. Throssell (1st time)
1945 -
1946
José Ignacio (2nd time)
1946 - 1947
Henry A.
Throssell (2nd time)
1947 -
1953
Thomas A. Segundo (1st
time) (b. 1922 - d. 1971)
1953 - Jan 1955
Enos J. Francisco, Sr. (1st time)
(b. 1909? - d. 1978)
Jan 1955 -
1959
Mark Manuel
1959 -
1963
Enos J. Francisco, Sr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1963 -
1965
Eugene J. Johnson
1965 -
1968
Robert C.
Mackett
(b. 1922)
1968 - 6 May
1971
Thomas A. Segundo (2nd
time) (s.a.)
May 1971 - Mar 1974
Augustine B. Lopez,
Sr.
(b. 1935 - d. 2013)
Mar 1974 – May 1975
Jacob A.
Escalante
(b. 1927 - d. 2013)
May 1975 - 1979
Cecil Williams
1979 - 1983
Max H. Norris
1983 -
1987
Josiah Moore (1st time)
(b. 1934 - d. 1993)
1987 - 31 Mar
1989
Enos J. Francisco, Jr.
1989 -
1991
Angelo Joaquin,
Sr.
(b. 1929 - d. 1995)
1991 - 19 Apr
1993
Josiah Moore (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Apr 1993 -
1995
Sylvester Listo
1995 - 3 Jun
2003
Edward D. Manuel (1st time)
(b. 1947)
3 Jun 2003 - 3 Aug 2007 Vivian
Juan-Saunders
(f)
(b. 1960)
3 Aug 2007 - Jun 2015 Ned
Norris, Jr. (1st time)
(b. 1955)
Jun 2015 - Jun 2019
Edward D. Manuel (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Jun 2019 -
Ned Norris, Jr. (2nd time)
(s.a.)
![[Tonto Apache Tribe
(Arizona, U.S.)]](az-tonto-apache.jpg "[Tonto Apache Tribe (Arizona,
U.S.)]")
6 Oct 1972
Recognized
by the U.S. (Payson Community of Yavapai-Apache).
Feb 1979
Payson Tonto Apache Tribe (on the U.S. list of tribal
names).
22 Dec 1979
Renamed Tonto Apache Tribe.
1993
Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1972 – Jun 1985
Melton
Campbell
(b. 1941 – d. 1993)
1985? -
1989?
Ivan Smith (1st time)
1989 - 7 Apr 1993
Louise C. Lopez (f) (1st
time)
1993
Howard
Burdette, Sr. (acting)
1993 – 1996
Jeri Johnson (f) (1st
time)
1996 – 2004
Vivian L. Burdette (f)
(1st time)
2004 – 21 Jun 2008
Ivan Smith (2nd time)
21 Jun 2008 - 30 Sep 2008 Jeri
DeCola (f) (2nd time)
(= Jeri Johnson)
30 Sep 2008 – 2012
Ivan Smith (3rd time)
2012 - 2014
Louise C. Lopez (f) (2nd
time)
2014 - 2016
Vivian L. Burdette (f) (2nd time)
2016 - 2020
Jeri DeCola (f) (3rd time)
2020 - 2021
Wally Davis
2021 -
Calvin Johnson
![[White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Indian
Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]](white_mountain_apache_flag.JPG "[White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation
(Arizona, U.S.)]")
9 Nov
1871
White Mountain Reservation established.
1872
Fort Apache (to
1876, Camp Apache) Indian Agency (1876-97 closed).
7 Jun 1897
Fort Apache Reservation.
26 Aug 1938
White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Indian Reservation.
1993
Gaming compact with the state.
Chiefs of White Mountain Apache (largest band on
the reservation; title Nant'an)
bf.1864 – 1872
Esh-kel-dah-silah (= Eskiltesela)(b. c.1830
– d. 1875)
1872 – 1875
Palone
(b. c.1852 - d. 1880)
1875 – 1885
Pedro
(Hacke-yanil-tli-din) (b.
c.1835 – d. 1885)
Chiefs of Cibecue Apache (other band on the
reservation, in the west; title: Nant'an)
bf.1860 - 1874
Miguel (Esh-ke-iba)
(d. 1874)
1874 – 1880
Diablo
(Es-ki-in-la)
(b. c.1846 – d. 1880)
1881 –
1885
Sanchez (Becbiyo'an)
(d. af.1888)
Head Chiefs
1885 - 6 Aug 1928
Alchise (William H. Alchesay) (b.
1853? - d. 1928)
1928 - 11 Oct 1952
William Baha Alchesay
(b. 1885? - d. 1952)
c.1938 Roy Clark
c.1940 - c.1942 Purcell Kane
c.194. Lawrence Johnson
c.1945 Fred Larzelere
1948 - 1950 Lester Oliver (1st time) (b. 1910 – d. 1997)
1950 - 1952 Nelson Lupe (1st time) (b. 1909 – d. 1993)
1952 - 1954 Lester Oliver (2nd time) (s.a.)
1954 - 1956 Nelson Lupe (2nd time) (s.a.)
1956 - 1958 Clinton Kessay
1958 - 1966 Lester Oliver (3rd time) (s.a.)
1966 - 1970 Ronnie Lupe (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2019)
1970 - 1974 Fred Benashley
1974 - 1986 Ronnie Lupe (2nd time) (s.a.)
1986 - 1990 Reno Johnson
1990 - 1998 Ronnie Lupe (3rd time) (s.a.)
1998 - Apr 2006 Dallas Massey, Sr.
Apr 2006 - 2018 Ronnie Lupe (4th time) (s.a.)
May 2018 - May 2022 Gwendena Lee-Gatewood (f)
10 May 2022 - Kasey Velasquez
Yavapai-Apache Nation
![[Yavapai-Apache
Nation of the Camp Verde Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-yavapai-apache.jpg "[Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde
Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]")
1900 – 1930 Camp Verde Indian agency.
1910 Camp Verde Reservation set aside.
12 Feb 1937 Yavapai-Apache Indian Community of the Camp Verde Reservation.
1992 Renamed Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Reservation
(on the U.S. list of tribal names in 1995).
1993 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1937 – 19.. ....
1939 - c.1947 Harrington Turner (1st time)
c.1948 Callaway Bornah
19.. - 1966? Harrington Turner (2nd time)
1966 - 1968? Vincent Everett Randall (1st time)
1968 - 1970 Harrington Turner (3rd time)
197. - 1971 Vincent Everett Randall (2nd time)
c.1972 - 1974? Aaron H. Russell (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2006)
1974? - 1975 Theodore "Ted" Smith, Sr. (b. 1922 – d. 2008)
(1st time)
1975 - 1976 Vera Brown Starr (f) (b. 1924 - d. 1985)
197. – 1978 Theodore "Ted" Smith, Sr. (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1978 - Jul 1983 David Kwail (1st time)
Jul 1983 – Dec 1983 .... (acting)
Dec 1983 - Dec 1985 Ned Russell (b. 1924 - d. 2009)
1985 - 1987 Theodore "Ted" Smith, Sr. (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1987? - af.1990 David Kwail (2nd time)
199. - 1995 Theodore "Ted" Smith, Sr. (s.a.)
(4th time)
1995 - Sep 1998 David Kwail (3rd time)
1998 - Oct 2001 Vincent Everett Randall (3rd time)
Oct 2001 - 2003 Aaron H. Russell (2nd time) (s.a.)
2003 - Oct 2007 Jamie L. Fullmer
4 Oct 2007 - Oct 2010 Thomas Beauty (1st time)
7 Oct 2010 - 2013 David Kwail (4th time)
2013 - Oct 2016 Thomas Beauty (2nd time)
Oct 2016 - Oct 2019 Jane Russell-Winiecki (f)
Oct 2019 - 2022 Jon Huey
2022 - Tanya Lewis (f)
Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe
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![[Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai
Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]](az-yavapai-prescott.jpg "[Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai
Reservation (Arizona, U.S.)]")
5 Dec 1962 Yavapai-Prescott Community.
1974 Renamed Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation.
2003 Gaming compact.
2012 Reference to reservation dropped from tribal name.
Chief
1935 - 21 May 1940 Sam "Red Ants" Jimulla (b. 1877 - d. 1940)
Chieftess
1940 - 7 Dec 1966 Viola Jimulla (f) (b. 1878 - d. 1966)
Aug 1967 - 5 Mar 1976 Grace Jimulla Mitchell (f) (b. 1903 - d. 1976)
Jul 1976 - 11 Sep 1984 Lucy Jimulla Miller (f) (b. 1906 - d. 1984)
Chairmen
1938 - 1946 Don S. Mitchell (b. 1906 - d. 2002)
1946 - 1948 ....
Presidents
1948 - 1972 Don S. Mitchell (s.a.)
1972 - 1988 Patricia McGee (f) (1st time) (b. 1926 - d. 1994)
1988 - 1990 Stanhope "Stan" Rice, Jr.
(1st time)
1990 - 1994 Patricia McGee (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1994 - 13 Nov 2001 Stanhope "Stan" Rice, Jr.
(2nd time)
13 Nov 2001 - 17 Sep 2018 Ernest Jones, Sr. (b. 1943 - d. 2018)
(acting to Jul 2002)
2018 - Robert Ogo (acting to 2019/20)
Arkansas
None Recognized
California
Note: There are 105 native tribal
entities in California. Currently recorded are: (1) all
the 31 Mission tribes of Southern California (including
Quechan); (2) the nine Paiute-Shoshone tribes along the
Nevada boundary (including Chemehuevi); (3) the four
major native nations of northern and central California
(Hoopa Valley, Round Valley, Tule River, Yurok) that are
the original reservations that were intended for all the
natives of northern and central part of the state; (4)
the ten largest of the 58 "rancherias" (tiny tracts set
aside in the early 20th century for natives who avoided
removal to the four principal original reservations) by
native population in 2000 (the ones whose native
population exceeded 120); (5) three tribes located among
rancherias with latter federal recognition (Karuk,
Quartz Valley, Tejon). In contrast to other parts of the
U.S., there are no ratified treaties between the U.S.
and native nations of California. By 1920, all or a
majority of rancheria and Paiute-Shoshone Indians had
became the U.S. citizens. All the California tribes from
1953 on (Agua Caliente from 1949) are under the
jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
Rancherias currently not recorded: Alturas, Bear
River Band of Rohnerville, Berry Creek Maidu, Big
Lagoon, Big Sandy Western Mono, Blue Lake, Buena Vista
Me-Wuk, Cachil DeHe Wintun of Colusa, California Valley
Miwok, Cedarville, Cher-Ae Heights Community of
Trinidad, Chicken Ranch Me-Wuk, Cloverdale Pomo, Coyote
Valley Pomo, Dry Creek Pomo, Elem Pomo of Sulphur Bank,
Elk Valley, Enterprise Maidu, Federated Graton,
Greenville, Guidiville, Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake,
Hopland Pomo, Ione Miwok, Jackson Miwuk, Kashia Pomo of
Stewarts Point, Kletsel Dehe Wintun (Cortina), Koi of
Northern California (Lower Lake), Lytton, Mechoopda of
Chico, Middletown Pomo, Mooretown Maidu, Northfork Mono,
Paskenta Nomlaki, Picayune Chukchansi, Pinoleville Pomo,
Pit River, Potter Valley, Redding, Redwood Valley Pomo,
Resighini, Scotts Valley Pomo, Shingle Springs Miwok,
Table Mountain, Tolowa Dee-Ni’ (Smith River), United
Auburn, Wilton, Wiyot (Table Bluff), and Yoche Dehe
Wintun (Rumsey).
There were the following Indian agencies not
recorded below under individual rancherias: Nome Lackee
(1856-1860), Smith River (1865-1869), Greenville
(1897-1923), Digger (1899-1921), and Upper Lake
(1909-1911).
Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla
![[Agua Caliente Band of
Cahuilla Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-aguc.gif "[Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians (California, U.S.)]")
Reservation established (confirmed 14 May 1896).
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1939 Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians, first constitution adopted.
1959 Long-term lease of part of the reservation to the city of Palm
Springs; leases lead to Indians becoming a minority on the
reservation.
1972 Renamed Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente
Indian Reservation.
1999 Self-governance agreement.
2000 Gaming compact.
Captains
c.188. Pedro Chino (d. 1939)
c.1892 Jose Rafael
c.1918 Juan Andreas
c.1923 Francisco Patencio (b. 1857 – d. 1947)
c.1925 Lee Arenas (b. 1870 – d. 1966)
c.1928 Ramon Manuel (b. 1884 – d. 1942)
Spokesmen
bf.1934 - 1935 Marcus Pete
1936 – 22 Jun 1939 Willie Marcus Belardo (b. 1882 - d. 19..)
Chairme
22 Jun 1939 - af.1941 Willie Marcus Belardo (s.a.)
1952 – 1954 Lorene McGlamary (f) (b. 1908 – d. 2002)
1954 - 6 Jan 1959 Vyola J. Ortner (f) (b. 1921 - d. 2017)
(from 15 Mar 1964, Vyola J. Olinger)
1959 - 1968 Eileen Miguel (f) (b. 1928 - d. 1996)
1968 - 1970 Joseph Patrick Patencio (b. 19.. - d. 2008)
1970 - 1972 Larry N. Olinger (b. 1938 - d. 2019)
1972 - 1981 Ray Leonard Patencio (b. 1946 - d. 2007)
1981 – 1982 Edmund Peter Siva? (b. 1937 - d. 2003)
1982 – 1984 Barbara Gonzalez-Lyons (f) (b. 1954)
1984 - 11 Mar 2012 Richard M. Milanovich (b. 1942 - d. 2012)
11 Mar 2012 - 2022 Jeff L. Grubbe
(acting to 19 Jun 2012)
2022 - Reid Milanovich
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![[Augustine Band
of Cahuilla Indians old flag
(California,U.S.)]](xa-augu.gif "[Augustine Band of
Cahuilla Indians old flag (California,U.S.)]")
![[Augustine Band
of Cahuilla Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-augu2.png "[Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
Feb 1893
Augustine Indian
Reservation set aside.
18 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972
Augustine Band of
Mission Indians
bf.1979
Renamed Augustine
Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
2000
Gaming
compact.
2005
Covered
by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance
agreement.
2007
Renamed
Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians.
Spokeswoman
c.1954
Margaret
Andreas (f)
Chairmen
1988 - 2016
Mary Ann Martin
(f)
(b. 1964)
(from 2006, Mary Ann Green)
2016 -
Amanda Vance
(f)
![[Big Pine Paiute Tribe of
the Owens Valley (California, U.S.)]](xa-bigpne.png "[Big Pine
Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley (California, U.S.)]")
11 Jun 1935 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
10 Apr 1939 Part of the Owens Valley Paiute-Shoshone Bands (see Bishop).
bf.1972 Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the
Big Pine Reservation, recognized as separate tribe.
2011 Renamed Big Pine Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley.
Chairmen
bf.1962 - 19.. Art Richars
19.. - 19.. Anona Harvier (f) (b. 1904 - d. 1995)
19.. - 19.. Harvey Stewart
19.. - 19.. Dolores Miller (f)
19.. - 19.. James Duckey (b. 1938 - d. 2014)
bf.1980 - af.1983 Cheryl Coleman (f)
bf.1984 - af.1987 Velma Jones (f) (1st time)
c.1989 Tom Lone Eagle (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
bf.1991 - af.1993 Velma Jones (f) (2nd time)
c.1994 Cheryl Andreas (f)
c.1996 Donna Duckey (f)
bf.1997 - 2000 Roseanne Moose (f)
2000 - 2002 Cheryl Levine (f)
2002 – 2008 Jessica Bacoch (f)
2008 - 2013 Virgil "Dave" Moose
2013 - 2015 Genevieve "Gina" Jones (f)(1st time)
2015 - 2017 Shannon Romero (f)
2017 - 2019 Genevieve "Gina" Jones (f)(2nd time)
2019 - 2021 James Rambeau
2021 - L'eaux Stewart (f)
Big Valley Rancheria
|
|
![[Big
Valley Rancheria former flag (California,
U.S.)]](xa-big-valley.png "[Big Valley Rancheria former
flag (California, U.S.)]")
![[Big Valley Band
of Pomo Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-bvr2.png "[Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
Current Flag15 Jan 1936 Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria.
11 Nov 1965 – 22 Dec 1983 Terminated by the U.S.
1985 - 1998 Renamed Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo & Pit River Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1936 – 19.. ....
c.1940 - c.1956 Roger A. Posh
1965 – 19.. Abolished
bf.1984 - af.1993 Manuel Gomez
bf.1994 - 1999 Valentino Jack (1st time)
1999 – 2007 Anthony Jack (1st time)
2007 Valentino Jack (2nd time)
2007 – 2009 Anthony Jack (2nd time)
2009 – 2012 Valentino Jack (3rd time)
2012 - 2020 Anthony Jack (3rd time)
2020 - Phillip Gomez
![[Bishop Paiute Tribe
(California, U.S.)]](xa-bishp.gif "[Bishop Paiute Tribe
(California, U.S.)]")
1912
Bishop Indian
Colony set aside.
1916 – 1926
Bishop Indian agency.
11 Jun 1935
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of
1934 by referendum.
10 Apr 1939
Owens Valley Paiute-Shoshone
Bands (includes also Big Pine and
Lone
Pine).
bf.1972
Paiute-Shoshone Indians
of the Bishop Community, recognized as
separate
tribe.
2000
Gaming compact.
2010
Renamed Bishop
Paiute Tribe.
2011
Self-governance
agreement.
Chief
bf.1860 -
1863
"Captain George"
Chairman of Bishop
c.1935
Harrison
Diaz
(b. 1881 – d. 1943)
Chairmen of Owens Valley
1939 –
19..
....
c.1943 - c.1955
Sampson Dewey
bf.1967 - c.1973
Gerald Kane
Chairmen of Bishop
bf.1972 – 19..
....
c.1978
Earl Lent
bf.1980 – af.1981 Paul
Chavez
c.1983
Jack Williams
(b. 1947 - d. 2016)
c.1984
Earl Frank
bf.1986 -
af.1987
Joann Poncho (f)
bf.1989 -
af.1993
Jess R. Paco
bf.1994 -
af.1996
Allen Summers (1st time)
bf.1997 -
2000
Mervin Hess
2000 –
2002
Monty J. Bengochia (1st time)
2002 –
2004
Douglas T. Vega
2004 –
2005
Michael Rogers
2005 –
2009
Gerald Howard (1st time)
2009 –
2010
Monty J. Bengochia (2nd time)
2010 –
2011
William Vega (1st time)
2011 - 2014
Dale Delgado, Jr.
2014 - 2016
Gerald Howard (2nd time)
2016 - 2017
Deston Rogers
2017 - 2018
William Vega (2nd time)
2018 - 2020
Allen Summers (2nd time)
2020 - 2022
Tilford Denver
2022 -
Meryl Picard (f)
![[Bridgeport Indian
Colony (California, U.S.)]](xa-bridgeport.png "[Bridgeport Indian
Colony (California, U.S.)]")
17 Oct 1974
Bridgeport Indian Colony set aside.
21 Jul 1976
Bridgeport Paiute Indian
Colony
2010
Renamed
Bridgeport Indian Colony.
Chairmen
1976 – 19..
....
bf.1979 - af.1984
Maurice C. Crawford
bf.1990 - af.1991
Joseph Art Sam (1st time)
bf.1993 - af.1996
Herb Glazier (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2000
Vineca Hess (f)
2000 – 2002
Herb Glazier (2nd time)
2002 – 2003
Gerald Sam (1st time)
2003 – 2004
Herb Glazier (3rd time)
2004 – 2005
Gerald Sam (2nd time)
2005 – 2009
Charlotte Baker (f)
2009 – 2011
Joseph Art Sam (2nd time)
2011 - 25 Jun 2019
John L. Glazier
(b. 1925 - d. 2019)
26 Jun 2019 - 2020
Thomas
Crawford (acting)
2020 -
Herb Glazier (4th
time)
Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians
![[Cabazon Band of Mission
Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-cabzon.gif "[Cabazon Band of
Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]")
18 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1965 Cabazon Band of Mission Indians
1979 – 2003 Renamed Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
1997 Self-governance agreement.
2000 Gaming compact.
2023 Renamed Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians.
Captains
c.1823 Chihachia
c.1855 Cabezon (b. c.1783 – d. 1883)
c.1891 Genazio Cabezon (1st time) (b. c.1810 – d. 1906)
c.1893 Indio Jim
c.1896 Genazio Cabezon (2nd time) (s.a.)
Spokesmen
19.. – 1963 Remeijo Callaway
1963 – 1965 Joseph R. "Joe" Benitez (b. 1935)
Chairmen
1965 - 1978 Joseph R. "Joe" Benitez (s.a.)
1978 - 1989 Arthur J. Welmas (b. 1929 - d. 2006)
1989 - 2009 John A. James (b. 1930)
2009 - 2013 David Roosevelt
2013 - Douglas Welmas
Cahto of Laytonville Rancheria
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![[Cahto Tribe of
the Laytonville Rancheria (California, U.S.)]](xa-cahto.gif "[Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville
Rancheria (California, U.S.)]")
10 Jun 1935 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
21 Jul 1967 Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria.
2000 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Consolidated Tribal Self-governance agreement.
Chairmen
1967 – 19.. Christine Smith (f)
bf.1978 - af.1983 Bert Sloan (1st time)
c.1984 Gertrude Brown (f)
bf.1989 - af.1993 Bert Sloan (2nd time)
bf.1994 - af.1996 Carmen Ochoa (f)
bf.1997 – 2001 Genevieve Campbell (f)
2001 – 2003 Vernon Wilson
2003 – 2005 Brandon Mitchell
2005 – 2012 Cristy Taylor (f)
(from 2011, Cristy Nelson)
2012 - 2016 Richard J. Smith
2016 - 2018 Aimie Lucas (f)
2018 - Mary Norris (f)
![[Cahuilla Band of
Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-cahui-a.gif "[Cahuilla Band of
Indians (California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875
Cahuilla Indian Reservation set
aside.
18 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1960
Cahuilla
Band of Mission Indians
2000
Gaming
compact.
2005
Covered
by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance
agreement.
2015
Renamed Cahuilla
Band of Indians.
Captains (1855 - 1877, also Captains-general
of the Cahuilla tribe)
bf.1842 - 1863
Juan Antonio
(b. 1783 - d. 1863)
1863 - 1877
Manuel
Largo
(b. c.1820 – d. 1889)
1877 -
1887
Fernando Lugo
(b. 1820 – d. 1905)
1887 - 1890
Pablo Cassaro
(d. 1890)
1890 – 1907
....
1907 – 1912
Leonicio
Lugo
(b. c.1860 – d. 1937)
Spokesmen
c.1934
Gabriel Costo
bf.1954 – af.1955
Billy P. Salgado
c.1962
Rupert Costo
(b. 1906 – d. 1989)
c.1963
Sylvester Costo
1965 -
1970
Rupert Costo
c.1978
Leroy Salgado
bf.1980 - May 1984
Gilbert Sloan
"Skip"
Costo
(b. 1929 – d. 2001)
c.1984
Eugene Madrigal
bf.1990 – 1993
Louis Candelaria
1993 –
1994
Rose Anne Hamilton (f)
1994 – 1999
Michelle Salgado (f)
1999 – 2001
Antonio Heredia, Jr.
Chairmen
2001 – 2002
Leanne Salgado (f)
(1st time)
2002 – 2004
Eugenia Nogalez (f)
2004 – 2006
Jerome Salgado, Sr.
2006
Leanne Salgado (f) (2nd time)
2006 – 2009
Anthony Madrigal, Jr.
(interim to 2007)
2009 - 2016
Luther Salgado, Sr.
2016 -
Daniel Salgado
Campo
Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
![[Campo
Band of Diegueno Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](ca-Mission-Indians-Campo-Band.jpg "[Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
1910 – 1920 Campo Indian agency.
18 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Campo Community of Mission Indians
13 Jul 1975 Renamed Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2015 Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance agreement.
Captain of Jacum
c.1852 Santiago
Spokesmen
c.1934 John Williams
c.1972 Mabel Meza (f)
c.1972 - af.1973 Christobal Pinto
Chairmen
bf.1976 - 1985 Valacia M. Thacker (f)
1985 - 2004 Ralph L. Goff (1st time)
2004 - 2009 Harry Paul Cuero (1st time)
2009 - 2012 Monique LaChappa (f)
2012 - 2020 Ralph L. Goff (2nd time)
2020 - Jan 2021 Harry Paul Cuero (2nd time)
Jan 2021 - Marcus Cuero
Capitan Grande Diegueno Mission (Barona and Viejas)
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![[Barona Band
of Mission Indians old flag (California,
U.S.)]](xa-barono.gif "[Barona Band of Mission Indians
old flag (California, U.S.)]")
![[Barona Band of
Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-baron.gif "[Barona Band of Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
![[Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
(California, U.S.)]](xa-viej.png "[Viejas Band
of Kumeyaay Indians (California, U.S.)]")
Grande Band of Mission Indians.
1932 Capitan Grande Band divided into two groups: the Barona Group
(reservation established in 1932) and the Viejas (to 1934, Los
Conejos) Group (reservation established in 1934), but remains
single tribe.
1974/79 Renamed Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
1990 Gaming compact by Viejas.
1992 Gaming compact by Barona.
2015 Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance agreement.
Captains of Capitan Grande
c.1853 Ignacio Curo
bf.1870 - af.1875 Pio Pena
c.1932 Juan Diego LaChappa
Spokesmen of Barona
1932 – af.1934 Ramon Curo Ames (1st time) (d. 1957)
1946 – 19.. Bob Quitac
c.1950 Ramon Curo Ames (2nd time) (s.a.)
1953 – 195. Catherine Banegas-Welch (f)
c.1954 Ramon Curo Ames (3rd time) (s.a.)
1970 – 197. Josephine Romero (f) (1st time)
c.1972 - af.1973 Edward Joseph Welch (1st time) (b. 1937)
c.1978 - c.1981 Josephine Romero (f) (2nd time)
c.1983 – 31 Dec 1988 Edward Joseph Welch (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1989 – 31 Dec 2004 Clifford M. La Chappa
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2008 Rhonda "Lisa" Welch-Scalco (f)
Chairmen of Barona
1 Jan 2009 – 31 Dec 2012 Edwin "Thorpe" Romero (1st time)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2016 Clifford M. La Chappa
1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2020 Edwin "Thorpe" Romero (2nd time)
Jan 2021 - Raymond Welch
Spokesmen of Viejas
1932 – af.1936 Ventura Paipa (b. 1879 – d. 19..)
c.1954 Sam Brown
1973 – 1983 Carmen "Daisy" Welch (f) (b. 1940 – d. 2004)
1983 – 1989/93 Anthony R. Pico (b. 1945)
Chairmen of Viejas
1989/93 – 2001 Anthony R. Pico (1st time) (s.a.)
2001 - 2002 Steven TeSam (b. 1960)
2002 - 2006 Anthony R. Pico (2nd time) (s.a.)
2007 - 2010 Bobby L. Barrett (b. 1964)
2011 - 2015 Anthony R. Pico (3rd time) (s.a.)
2015 - 2018 Robert J. Welch
2018 - John Christman
![[Chemehuevi Indian Tribe
(California, U.S.)]](xa-chem.gif "[Chemehuevi Indian Tribe
(California, U.S.)]")
1971 Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation.
2000 Gaming compact
Chairmen
1951 – af.1964 Dan Eddy, Sr.
19.. - 1972 Ralph Esquerra
1972 - 1978 Herbert Pencille
1978 - 1980 Ronald L. "Ron" Esquerra
1980 - 1982? Betty McDonald (f)
1982? - 1984 Martha Wetmore (f)
1984 - 1988 Richard Alvarez
1988 - Apr 1992 Christine Walker (f)
Apr 1992 - 1996 Matthew Leivas
(acting to Apr 1993)
1996 - Dec 1997 Levi Esquerra
Dec 1997 – 1999 Gjrjle Dunlap (f)
1999 – 2000 David Chavez
c.2000 - 2005 Edward D. "Tito" Smith (1st time)
2005 - 2012 Charles F. Wood (1st time)
2012 - 2015 Edward D. "Tito" Smith (2nd time)
2015 - 2020 Charles F. Wood (2nd time)
2020 - 2022 Sierra Pencille (f)
2022 - Glenn H. Lodge
Cold Springs Rancheria
![[Cold Springs
Rancheria of Mono Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-ca-coldsprngs.png "[Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
10 Nov 1914 Rancheria set aside
8 Jun 1935 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
Oct 1961 Sycamore Valley Association of the Cold Springs Rancheria.
29 Nov 1979 Renamed Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians.
Presidents
1961 -
c.1972
....
c.1972
Howard E. Hunter (1st time)
c.1974
Hazel Hunter (f)
c.1976
Howard E. Hunter (2nd time)
c.1978
Morris Lee
Chairmen
c.1979 – May 1982
Charlotte Osborne (f)
bf.1983 - c.1984
Dorothy Bill (f)
198. – 1994
Frank J. Lee
1994 – af.1996
Jennifer Fred (f)
bf.1999 - 2001
Jennifer Philley (f)(1st time)
2001 – 2003
Lonnie Bill (f)
2003 – 2005
Jennifer Philley (f)(2nd time)
2005 – 2009
Travis Coleman
2009 – 2014
Robert Marquez
2014 - 2015
Jeffery Lee
2015 - 2019
Carol Bill (f) (1st time)
2019 - 2021
Helene Alarcon (f)
2021 - 2022
Blossom Hunter (f)
2022
-
Carol Bill (f) (2nd time)
Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone: see Timbisha Shoshone
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians (Cuyapaipe Band)
![[Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay
Indians (Cuyapaipe Band) (California, U.S.)]](xa-cuya.gif "[Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians (Cuyapaipe
Band) (California, U.S.)]")
bf.1972 Cuyapaipe Band of Mission Indians
28 Sep 1973 Renamed Cuyapaipe Community of Diegueno Mission Indians of
the Cuyapaipe Reservation.
2002 Self-governance agreement
20 May 2003 Renamed Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians, California.
Chairmen
1967 - 2001 Anthony "Tony" J. Pinto (b. 1914 - d. 2003)
(spokesman to 1973)
2001 - 2007 Harlan Pinto
2007 - Robert Pinto, Sr. (b. 1973)
![[Fort Bidwell Indian
Community of Paiute Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-fbidp.gif "[Fort Bidwell Indian Community of Paiute
Indians (California, U.S.)]")
30 Jan 1897
Fort Bidwell Reservation set aside.
1898 – 1930
Fort Bidwell Indian agency.
1936
Fort Bidwell
Indian Community
1979 - 1997
Fort Bidwell Indian Community of Paiute
Indians (on the U.S.
list of tribal names).
Chiefs
bf.1878 - 19..
Ocheho
c.1929
General Council
bf.1932 - af.1936
Charlie Washo
Chairmen
1936 – 19..
....
c.1940
Connan Dick
c.1941
Herman
Townsend (1st
time)
(b. 1915 - d. 2011)
c.1953
Willie Sam Townsend (1st time)
bf.1954 - af.1955
Ralph DeGarmo
c.1956
Willie Sam Townsend (2nd time)
c.1967
Herman
Townsend (2nd time)
(s.a.)
c.1972
Beatrice Pollard (f)
(b. 1926 - d. 2001)
bf.1979 - af.1984
Lucinda Lame Bull (f)
bf.1990 - af.1996
Ralph DeGarmo
bf.1999 - 2002
Denise G. Pollard (f)
2002 –
2005
Frances Benally (f)
2005
Jana Townsend (f)
2005 – 2007
Lawrence Harlan
2007 – 2009
Todd DeGarmo
2009 – 2010
Aaron R. Townsend
2010 - 2017
Bernold Pollard
2017 - 2022
Kevin Townsend
2022
-
Germain Ruvalcaba
Fort Independence Paiute
28 Oct 1915
Fort Independence Reservation set
aside.
24 May 1935
Rejected the Indian Reorganization
Act of 1934 by referendum.
1965
Fort
Independence Indian Community of Paiute
Chairmen
1965 – af.1972
Vernon J. Miller (1st time)
(b. 1927 – d. 2002)
c.1978
Wanda McTevia
(f)
bf.1980 – 1993
Vernon J. Miller (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1994 - af.1997
Richard Wilder, Sr. (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2000
Wendy Stine (f) (1st time)
2000 – 2002
Vernon J. Miller (2nd time)
(s.a.)
2002 – 2004
Richard Wilder, Sr. (2nd time)
2004 – 2010
Carl A. Dahlberg (1st time)
2010 – 2011
Israel Naylor (1st time)
2011 – 2012
Carl A. Dahlberg (2nd time)
2012 – 2013
Richard Wilder, Sr. (3rd
time)
2013 - 2014
Israel Naylor (2nd time)
2014 - Jan 2016
Wendy Stine (f) (2nd time)
Jan 2016 - 2019
Norm Wilder
2019 -
Carl A. Dahlberg
(3rd time)
Fort Mojave: see under Arizona
Fort Yuma Quechan
![[Quechan Tribe of the
Fort Yuma Indian Reservation (Arizona and California,
U.S.)]](az-Yuma-Quechan.jpg "[Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian
Reservation (Arizona and California, U.S.)]")
1777 –
1781
Subject to the Spanish.
1825 –
1849
Treaty of alliance with Mexico.
22 Jul
1884
Fort Yuma (to 1910, Yuma) Indian Reservation
established.
1900 – 1935
Fort Yuma Indian Agency
established.
11 Dec
1936
Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation,
Arizona
and
California.
1994
Gaming compact with the state.
Head chiefs (title: Kwaxot)
bf.1774 - af.1796
Salvador Palma
bf.1848 – 1849
Pablo Coclum (Mexican captain)
(b. c.1800 – d. 18..)
1849 –
1852
Santiago
1852 –
1886
Pasqual
(b. c.1800 - d. 1886)
Chiefs
1886 – 1893
Miguel de Xuksil
1893 – 1894
Joe Palma
1894 – 1897
Vacant
1897 – 19..
Pancho LaCherro
19.. – 1924
Chappo Jackson
(d. 1924)
1924 - af.1929
General Council
Chairman
193. – 1936
Edward Roosevelt
Presidents
1936 -
193.
Edward Roosevelt
c.1939?
Benjamin F. DeCorse
1939 -
c.1947
Edmond Jackson, Sr.
1953 – 1955
George Cachora
1955 – 1957
Henry F. DeCorse
1957 – 1959
Henry Chaipos
c.1959 - Jan 1961
Lee Emerson (1st time)
Jan 1961 – 196.
Leroy Ward
196. - Jan 1963
Lee Emerson (2nd time)
Jan 1963 - Jan
1965 Edmond
Jackson, Jr.
(b. 1915 – d. 1965)
Jan 1965 - 1967
Fritz E. Brown (1st
time)
(b. 1925 - d. 1995)
1967 - 1971
Henry A.
Montague
(b. 1919 - d. 1982)
1971 - 1973
Fritz E. Brown
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1973 – 1976
Elmer M. Savilla
1976 -
1980?
Fritz E. Brown (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1980 - Jan
1986
Vincent B.
Harvier
(b. 1935 - d. 2009)
1986? - Dec 1990
Lorraine E. White (f)
Jan 1991 - Jan
1995 Fritz E.
Brown (4th
time)
(s.a.)
Jan 1995 - Jan 2011
Michael "Mike" Jackson, Sr.
(1st time)
Jan 2011 - Jun
2015 Keeny
Escalanti, Sr. (1st time)
Jun 2015 - Mar
2017 Michael
"Mike" Jackson, Sr.
(2nd time)
Mar 2017 - Jan 2019
Keeny Escalanti, Sr. (2nd time)
Jan 2019 -
Jordan D. Joaquin
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![[Grindstone
Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians flag
c.1968 Reconstruction (California, U.S.)]](xa-grind.gif "[Grindstone Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki
Indians flag c.1968 Reconstruction
(California, U.S.)]")
7 Jan 1909
Rancheria set aside.
1971
Grindstone Rancheria
of Wintun-Wailaki Indians.
2004
Covered by the North Valley Indian Self-governance
agreement.
Chairmen
c.1972
James Burrows (1st time)
c.1978
Ray Bill
bf.1980 - c.1984
James Burrows (2nd time)
bf.1990 - af.1993
Frank Burrows
bf.1994 -
af.1996
Daryl E. Burrows
bf.1999 - 2000
Eliza Swearinger (f)
2000 – 2003
Dudley H. Burrows
2003 –
2006
Kenneth Swearinger
2006 -
Ronald Kirk
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![[Hoopa Valley
Tribe first flag 1994 ( (California, U.S.)]](xa-hoopav.gif "[Hoopa Valley Tribe first flag 1994 (
(California, U.S.)]")
![[Hoopa Valley
Tribe (California, U.S.)]](xa-hoopa.gif "[Hoopa
Valley Tribe (California, U.S.)]")
8 Apr
1864
Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation established (no treaty).
1865 –
1948
Hoopa Valley Indian Agency established.
1891 -
1988
Klamath River reservation (see Yurok) made a part of the
Hoopa
Valley reservation, known as the Hoopa Extension.
20 Nov
1933
Hoopa Tribe, the first constitution adopted.
15 Dec
1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by
referendum.
4 Sep
1952
Renamed Hoopa Valley Tribe.
1993
Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
2000
Gaming compact with the state.
Head chief of Hoopa (title of chief: Ningxa’t’e:n)
c.1851
Ahrookoos
Chairmen
Jun 1933 -
1935
Edward Marshall, Sr. (1st time)
1935 -
1937
Gilbert R. Marshall
1937
Anderson Mesket
1937? – 1938?
Julius Marshall
1938? – 1939?
David Masten (1st time)
1939 -
1943
Mahlon
Marshall
(d. 1943)
Sep 1943 - 1948?
David
Masten (2nd time)
1948? - 1951?
Peter Masten, Sr.
1951? - 1954
Ernest Marshall, Jr.
(1st time)
1954 - 1955
Elsie Ricklefs (f)
1956 - 1957
Edward Marshall, Sr.
1957 - 1958
Jack Norton
1958 –
1960?
Vernon Davis, Sr.
1960? – 1961?
Ernest Marshall, Jr. (2nd time)
1961 –
1963?
Edward Marshall, Jr.
1963? – 1964?
Lawrence
Hostler
1964? – 1965?
Gifford Logan
1965? – 1969?
Charles J. Moon
1969? – 1971?
Peter Jackson
1971? -
1979
Peter Masten, Jr.
1979 -
1981
Dale Risling, Sr. (1st time)
1981 - 1985
Elsie G.
Ricklefs (f)
1985 -
1989
Wilfred K. Colegrove
1989 -
1997
Dale Risling, Sr. (2nd time)
1997 - 12 Dec
1997 Duane J.
Sherman, Sr. (1st time)
1997 - 1999
Merv George, Jr.
(acting to 1998)
1999 -
2001
Duane J. Sherman, Sr. (2nd time)
2001 - 2009
Clifford L. Marshall
2009 - 28 Jun
2013
Leonard E. Masten, Jr.
28 Jun 2013 - Jun 2015 Danielle
Vigil-Masten (f)
Jun 2015 - Jul 2019
Ryan P. Jackson
Jul 2019 - Jun
2021
Byron Nelson
Jun 2021 -
Joe Davis
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![[Iipay
Nation of Santa Ysabel former flag
(California, U.S.)]](xa-santaysabel.png "[Iipay Nation of
Santa Ysabel former flag (California, U.S.)]")
![[Iipay Nation
of Santa Ysabel (California, U.S.)]](us-ca-xinsy.jpg "[Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
(California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec
1875
Santa Ysabel (c.1905 – c.1925 also called Volcan)
Reservation
set aside.
15 Dec
1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by
referendum.
bf.1972
Santa Ysabel
Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979
Renamed Santa Ysabel
Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
2003
Gaming
compact.
2006
Covered by the
Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
2007
Renamed Iipay
Nation of Santa Ysabel.
Captains (years given when
names identified)
1852
Lazaro
1853 - 1854
Tomas
(d.
af.1860)
(also captain-general of Diegueno tribe)
1860
A. Manuel
1865
Ambrosio
1875
Anodeh
1880
Gasparo
1883 - 1886
Jose Pablo (1st time)
1890
Manuel
1903 - 1904
Jose Pablo (2nd time)
1910 – 1912
John Linton
1914
Baptisto
LaChappa
1917
Jose Pablo
Guachene
1918
Joe
Pablo
1932
Incencio
LaChappa
Spokesmen
1933 – 1936
Winslow J. Couro (1st time)
1937
Abraham
Paipa (1st time)
1938 – 1939
Winslow J. Couro (2nd time)
1940 – 1941
Abraham Paipa (2nd time)
1942
Winslow
J. Couro (3rd
time)
1943 – 1945
Julia Osuna (f) (1st time)
1946 – 1948
Nazario J. Guachena
1949
Stephen
LaChappa
1950 – 1951
Stephen Ponchetti (1st time)
1952
Incencio
LaChappa
1953 –
1960
Stephen Ponchetti (2nd time)
1961 – 1963
Erwin Osuna
1964 – 1965
Julia Osuna (f) (2nd time)
1966
John LaChappa
1967 – 1970
Stephen Ponchetti (3rd time)
1971
Anthony Taylor
c.1974
James Ponchetti (1st
time)
bf.1978 - af.1983
Ignacio Scerato
c.1984
Joan King (f)
bf.1990 - af.1991
James Ponchetti (2nd time)
c.1993
Virgil Osuna
bf.1994 - Dec 2002
Ben Scerato
Dec 2002 – 2007
Johnny Hernandez, Jr.
Chairmen
2007 – Dec 2010
Johnny Hernandez, Jr.
Dec 2010 - 2019
Virgil
Perez
(b. 1971)
2019 - 2020
Brandie Taylor (f)
2020 - 2022
Bernice Paipa (f)
2022
-
Kevin Asuna
![[Inaja Band of Diegueno
Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-inaja.gif "[Inaja Band
of Diegueno Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875
Inaja and Cosmit Indian Reservation
set aside.
18 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of
1934 by referendum.
1982
Inaja Band of
Diegueno Mission Indians
2006
Covered by the
Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
Spokesmen
c.1934
Clayton Sloan
(representative)
c.1978
Josephine Leo (f)
bf.1980 - c.1984
Rebecca Contreras (f)
Chairmen
c.1991
Rebecca
Maxcy (f) (1st time)
bf.1993 – 1994
Josephine Leo (f)
1994 -
Rebecca Maxcy (f) (2nd
time)
(from 2002, Rebecca Osuna)
![[Jamul Indian Village
(California, U.S.)]](xa-jamiv.gif "[Jamul Indian Village
(California, U.S.)]")
7 Jul
1981
Recognized by the U.S. (Jamul Indian Village), a
Diegueno Mission
people.
2015
Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance
agreement.
Chairmen
1981 - af.1984
Kenneth A. Meza (1st
time)
(b. 1945)
1992 - 1997
Raymond R.
Hunter (1st time)
3 Sep 1994 - 5 Dec 1994 Jane Dumas
(f)(in opposition)
1997 -
2003
Kenneth A. Meza (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
2003 -
2007
Leon Acevedo
2007 - Jul
2008
William "Bill" C.
Mesa
(b. 1951 - d. 2008)
2008 -
2011
Kenneth A. Meza (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
2011 - 2015
Raymond R. Hunter (2nd time)
2015 -
Erica Pinto (f)
![[Karuk Tribe (California,
U.S.)]](xa-karuk.gif "[Karuk Tribe (California, U.S.)]")
1971
Orleans
Karok Council formed.
15 Jan 1979
Recognized by the U.S.
(Karok Tribe).
1985
Renamed Karuk Tribe.
1998
Self-governance agreement.
1971 – 197. ....
c.1977 Lottie Beck (f)
Chairmen
1979 - af.1980 Gladys Guy (f)
1982 – af.1986 Paul Gary Beck (b. 1947 – d. 2006)
bf.1988 - 2003 Alvis "Bud" Johnson
2003 - 2011 Arch Super
2011 - Russell "Buster" Attebery
La Jolla Band of Luiseño Indians
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![[La Jolla Band
of Luiseno Indians old flag (California,
U.S.)]](xa-lajo.gif "[La Jolla Band of Luiseno
Indians old flag (California, U.S.)]")
![[La Jolla Band
of Luiseno Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-lajo09.gif "[La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
3 May 1877 La Jolla Indian Reservation established.
1909 – 1911 La Jolla Indian agency.
18 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1962 La Jolla Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed La Jolla Band of Luiseño Mission Indians.
2006 Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
2010 Renamed La Jolla Band of Luiseño Indians.
Captains
c.1852 Santiago
c.1882 Jose Albanez
Chairmen
1962 – 19.. ...
bf.1972 - af.1978 Lester Leonard Nelson
19.. - 19.. Henry Rodriguez (b. 1919 - d. 2002)
bf.1980 - af.1983 Fred Nelson (1st time)
bf.1984 - 1994 Doris J. Magante (f)
1994 – 199. Geneva FitzSimmons (f)
c.1996 Janet Weeks (f) (b. 1941 – d. 2010)
bf.1999 - 2002 Jack Musick (b. 1961)
2002 – 2004 Wendy Schlater (f) (1st time)
2004 - 2008 Tracy Lee Nelson
2008 – 2010 Lariann Musick (f)
2010 - 2014 LaVonne Peck (f)
2014 - 2018 Thomas Rodriguez
2018 - 2020 Fred Nelson (2nd time)
2020 - 2022 Norma Contreras (f)
2022 - Wendy Schlater (f) (2nd time)
10 Feb 1893
La Posta Reservation set
aside.
bf.1972
La Posta Band of Mission
Indians
bf.1979
Renamed La Posta Band of
Diegueno Mission Indians.
2015
Covered by the Southern Indian Self-governance
agreement.
Chairmen
1973 – 1983
Marie LaChappa
(f)
(b. 1920 – d. 2005)
1983 -
Gwendolyn Parada (f)
(b. 1959)
Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone
1912
Lone Pine
Reservation set aside.
10 Apr 1939
Part of the Owens Valley
Paiute-Shoshone Bands (see Bishop).
bf.1972
Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community,
recognized as
separate tribe.
2010
Renamed Lone
Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.
Chairmen
bf.1962 – 19..
....
c.1972
Gerald H. Goodwin
c.1980
Terry Goodwin
1980 - af.1989
Naddeen Naylor (f)
bf.1990 - 1999
Sandra Jefferson-Yonge (f)
1999 – 2000
Dale Newell
2000 – 2005
Rachel A. Joseph (f)
2005 – 2009
Marjianne Yonge (f)
2009 – 2010
Richard Button (1st time)
2010 – 2012
Melvin R. Joseph
2012 - 2019
Mary Wuester (f)
2019 - 2022
Richard Button (2nd time)
2022 -
Janet Hansen (f)
Los Coyotes Cahuilla and Cupeno
![[Los Coyotes Band of
Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-los-coyotes.png "[Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
5 May 1889
Los Coyotes Reservation set
aside.
18 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of
1934 by referendum.
bf.1972
Los Coyotes Band of
Mission Indians
bf.1979
Renamed Los Coyotes
Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
2003
Renamed Los
Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians.
2006
Covered by the
Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
Captains
bf.1847 - af.1852
Juan Bautista (captain of Pauki)
c.1883
Pablo Pena
Spokesmen
c.1934
Robert Chutnicut
c.1945 – 1996
Banning Taylor,
Sr.
(b. 1906 – d. 1998)
1996 – 1998
Frank
Taylor
(b. 1938)
1998 – 2007
Catherine S. Saubel (f)
(b. 1919)
2007 – 2010
Francine Kupsch (f)
2010 - 2019
Shane Chapparosa
2019 -
Ray Chapparosa
Manchester
Rancheria
23 Jun 1909
Rancheria set aside.
27 Feb 1937
Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of
the Manchester Rancheria.
bf.1974 - 2012
Renamed Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the
Manchester-Point
Arena
Rancheria.
2000
Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1937 – af.1956
Stephen "Steve" Parrish
c.1972
Ernest Pinola
c.1973
Charles Ball
c.1978 - Nov 1980
Mabel Ball (f)
1980? - Nov
1983
Kenneth Norman Laiwa
(b. 1932 - d. 2014)
bf.1990 - af.1993
Harry Nelson Pinola (1st time)
c.1994
Darnell White
c.1996
Arthur Lopez
bf.1999 - 2003
Jose Oropeza
2003 – 2005
Rick D. Poe (1st time)
2005 -
2014
Harry Nelson Pinola (2nd time)
2014 - 2015
Eloise Oropeza (f)
2015
Rick D. Poe (2nd time)
2015 -
Jaime Cobarrubia
![[Manzanita Band of
Diegueno Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-manzanita.gif "[Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
10 Feb 1893
Manzanita Reservation set
aside.
bf.1972
Manzanita Band of
Mission Indians
1976
Renamed
Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
1999
Self-governance
agreement.
Spokesmen
c.1934
Jinks Elliott
c.1972
Brucie M. Blackwood
Chairmen
1976 -
197.
....
c.1978
David Z. Elliott
1980 – 1998
Frances Shaw
(f)
(b. 1928 - d. 2002)
1998 - 2015
Leroy J.
Elliott
(b. 1943)
2015 -
Angela Santos (f)
![[Mesa Grande Band of
Diegueno Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-mesagrande.gif "[Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875
Mesa Grande Indian Reservation set
aside.
18 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of
1934 by referendum.
1971
Mesa Grande
Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979
Renamed Mesa Grande Band of
Diegueno Mission Indians
2006
Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
Captains (years given when names identified)
1852
Jose Apan
1860
Jose Pedro
Panto
(b. c.1804 – d. 1874)
(also captain of San Pasqual)
1875 – 1880
Senon Duro
(b. 18.. - d. 1906)
1887
Narcisso LaChappa (1st time)
1889 – 1890
Jose Cleto Duro
1890 - 1892
Jose Antonio LaChappa (1st time)
1897
Francisco Nejo
1903 - 1904
Narcisso LaChappa (2nd time)
1904
Rafael Charley
1908
Adolph Beresford
1908 - 1909
Jose Antonio LaChappa (2nd time)
1911
Arturo Charlie
1912
Richard Nejo
1914 – 1915
Jose Antonio LaChappa (3rd time)
1923 – 1924
Roscindo Curo (1st time)
1925
Ramone Charlie
1926
Roscindo Curo (2nd
time)
1931
Roscindo Curo (3rd time)
1932
Valentine LaChusa
Spokesmen
1933 - 1950
Valentine LaChusa
1950
Gilbert Clelland
1951 –
1957
Delmar Nejo
1957 – 1967
Charles Ponchetti
1968 –
1969
Virgil Oyos
1970 – 1971
Claude Devers
Chairmen
1971 – af.1972
Jessie Beresford (f)
c.1978 - af.1983
Jack Hamilton
c.1984
Brian Beresford
bf.1990 - af.1991
Delmar Nejo
bf.1992 - af.1996
Carlos Guassac
bf.1997 - 2002
Howard K. Maxcy
2002 – 2005
Charlene G. Siford (f)
2005 – 2006
Michael Linton (1st
time)(acting)
2006 - 2016
Mark Romero
2016 - 2018
Virgil Oyos
2018 - 2022
Michael Linton (2nd time)
2022
-
Theresa Hernandez (f)
![[Morongo Band of Cahuilla
Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-moro.gif "[Morongo
Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]")
15 May
1876
Morongo Reservation established.
1908 – 1920
Malki Indian agency.
15 Dec 1934
Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of
1934 by referendum.
1962
Morongo Band of
Mission
Indians
bf.1979 - 2009
Renamed Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the
Morongo
Reservation.
2000
Gaming compact.
2005
Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance
agreement.
2015
Individual self-governance agreement.
Captains
c.1852
Emeterio
c.1876
Gabriel Ygindio
18.. –
1891
William G. Pablo (1st
time)
(b. c.1850 – d. 1935)
1891
John
Morongo
(b. c.1850 – d. 1898)
1892
William G. Pablo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1893 - af.1896
Joseph Demate
.... -
1910
Mauricio Laws
Spokesmen
c.1934
John Morongo, Jr.
c.1965
Emmett St. Marie (1st time)
c.1971
James Martin
c.1977
Emmett St. Marie (2nd
time)
c.1978 -
af.1980
Tom Lyons
Chairmen
c.1983
Tom Lyons
bf.1984 -
1987
Robert Martin (1st
time)
(b. 1951)
1987 -
1991
Dennis Miller (1st time)
1991 -
1992
Adelaide L. Presley
(f)
(b. 1940 - d. 2013)
Dec 1992 - Jul
1993 Mary Ann
Martin-Andreas (f)
(1st time)
1993 -
1995
Dennis Miller (2nd time)
1995 -
2001
Mary Ann Martin-Andreas (f)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2001 -
2006
Maurice B.
Lyons
(b. 1950 - d. 2013)
2006 - 2021
Robert Martin (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
2021
-
Charles Martin
Pala Band
|
|
![[Pala Band of
Band of Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-pala.png "[Pala Band of Band of Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
![[Cupeno of the
Pala Reservation (California, U.S.)]](xa-pala.gif "[Cupeno of the Pala Reservation
(California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875 Pala Indian Reservation established.
1903 Agua Caliente band of Cupeno moved to Pala, eventually becoming
a majority of the reservation population.
1903 – 1920 Pala Indian agency.
18 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1961 Pala Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 - 2015 Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation.
1998 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
2015 Renamed Pala Band of Mission Indians.
2018 Individual self-governance agreement.
Captains of Pala Luiseno (1853 – 1878, also captains-general of the Luiseno tribe)
1835 – 18.. ....
bf.1851 - 1853 Pablo Apis, Jr. (b. 1810 – d. 1853)
1853 – 1862 Manuel Cota (1st time)
1862 – 1865 Francisco
1865 – 1871 Manuel Cota (2nd time)
1871 Manuel Olegario (b. c.1830 - d. 1877)
1871 - af.1885 Jose Antonio Sal
Captains of Agua Caliente Cupeno
bf.1847 - 1852 Antonio Garra (b. c.1815 - d. 1852)
1852 – 185. Jose Noca
185. – 1885 Jose Maria Moro (b. 1820 - d. 1885)
1885 – 188. Adolfo Moro
c.1892 Jose Cecilio Blacktooth (1st time) (b. c.1840 – d. 1918)
c.1896 Alejandro Barker (b. c.1854 – d. 1900)
c.1900 Salvador Nolasquez (b. 1861 – d. 1933)
c.1902 Jose Cecilio Blacktooth (2nd time) (s.a.)
c.1903 Juan Maria Cibimoat
Captains of Pala
c.1906 Ambrosio Ortega (b. 1869 – d. 1922)
c.1921 Domingo Moro (b. 1866 – d. 1931)
Spokesmen
c.1934 Remeijo Robles
bf.1954 - af.1956 Robert Lavato (1st time)
c.1957 Catherine Trujillo (f)
bf.1960 - 1961 Robert Lavato (2nd time)
Chairmen
1961 – 196. Robert Lavato
196. - 196. Gerard Boisclair
196. - 196. Robert Mel Lavato
c.1968 Josephine "Josie" Jackson (f)
c.1972 King Freeman (1st time)
c.1973 Donald Magee
1977 – 1978 Lawrence "Larry" Blacktooth
1978 - 1987 King Freeman (2nd time)
1987 - 1988 Robert H. Smith (1st time)
1988 - 1989 Richard D. Stephens (b. 1952)
1989 – 1990 Patricia R. Nelson (f)
1990 - Robert H. Smith (2nd time)
![[Pauma Band of Luiseño
Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation
(California, U.S.)]](xa-paum.gif "[Pauma Band of Luiseño
Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation
(California, U.S.)]")
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1966 Pauma Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Pauma Band of Luiseño Mission Indians of the Pauma
and Yuima Reservation.
2000 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
Captains
c.1852 Francisco
c.1885 Pedro Pablo
Spokesmen
c.1934 Roscencio Ardilla
c.1958 Maurice Magante
Chairmen
1966 – 19.. ....
c.1972 Edward Calac
1970's Lorena L. Dixon (f) (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
c.1975 Samuel J. Powvall (1st time)
c.1978 Florence Lofton (f) (1st time)
c.1979 - af.1980 Samuel J. Powvall (2nd time)
c.1982 Florence Lofton (f) (2nd time)
bf.1983 - c.1988 Patricia A. Dixon (f)
Dec 1988 - af.1991 Benjamin Magante (1st time)
bf.1992 – af.1993 Florence Lofton (f) (3rd time)
c.1993 Lee E. Dixon ??
c.1994 Maurice J. Magante (b. 1931? - d. 2006)
c.1994 Christobal C. Devers (1st time)
bf.1996 – 199. Samuel J. Powvall (3rd time)
bf.1998 - Jan 2001 Benjamin Magante (2nd time)
Jan 2001 - Jan 2011 Christobal C. Devers (2nd time)
Jan 2011 - Dec 2015 Randall G. Majel
Dec 2015 - Temet A. Aguilar
Pechanga Band of Indians
![[Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians,
Pechanga Reservation (California, U.S.)]](xa-pech09.png "[Pechanga Band of Luiseno
Mission Indians, Pechanga Reservation (California, U.S.)]")
27 Jun 1882 Pechanga (to c.1890 also called Temecula) Reservation established.
1909 – 1913 Pechanga Indian agency.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Pechanga Band of Mission Indians
1978 Renamed Pechanga Band of Luiseño Mission Indians,
Pechanga Reservation.
2000 Gaming compact.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2022 Renamed Pechanga Band of Indians.
Captains of Temecula (later Pechanga)
1835 – 1851 Pablo Apis (b. 1792 - d. 1851)
(alcalde)
1851 - af.1869 Lauriano
1900? - 1910? Juan Macarro (b. 1851 – d. 1920)
Spokesmen
c.1934 Louis Flores
bf.1978 - af.1980 Vincent Ibanez
c.1984 Gabriel H. Pico
bf.1990 - 1995 Jennie Miranda (f)
1995 – 2003 Marc A. Macarro (b. 1965)
Chairman
2003 - Marc A. Macarro (s.a.))
Quartz Valley
1938
Reservation set aside.
1939
Quartz Valley Indian Community.
1967 – 1984
Terminated by the U.S.
1985 – 1995
Renamed Quartz Valley
Rancheria of Karok, Shasta and Upper Klamath.
Chairmen
c.1940
Clara Wicks (f)
1967 – 198.
Abolished
bf.1984 - af.1991
Betty L. Hall (f)
bf.1993 - 1996
Fred A. Case
1996 – af.1997
Edward L. Sanderson
bf.1999 - 2003
Roy Lincoln
2003 – 2005
Aaron Peters (1st time)
2005 – 2009
Ronald Lincoln
2009 – 2011
Harold Bennett (1st
time)
2011 – 2013
Aaron Peters (2nd
time)
2013 - 2017
Harold Bennett
(2nd time)
2017 - 2019
Frieda Bennett (f)
2019 - 2021
Kyla Super (f)
2021
-
Harold Bennett (3rd time)
![[Ramona Band of Cahuilla
(California, U.S.)]](xa-ramona.jpg "[Ramona Band of Cahuilla
(California, U.S.)]")
10 Feb 1893
Ramona Indian Reservation set
aside.
1982
Ramona Band of
Cahuilla Mission Indians
2005
Covered by the
Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2010
Renamed Ramona
Band of Cahuilla
Representatives
bf.1984 - 1993
Anne Hamilton (f)
1993 - 2002
Manuel W. Hamilton
Chairmen
2002 – 2007
Manuel W. Hamilton
2007 - 30 Jan 2021 Joseph D.
Hamilton
(b. 1956 - d. 2021)
2021
-
Danae Hamilton-Vega (f)
Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians
|
|
![[Rincon Band of
Luiseño Mission Indians old flag (California,
U.S.)]](xa-rinc.gif "[Rincon Band of Luiseño Mission
Indians old flag (California, U.S.)]")
![[Rincon Band
of Luiseño Mission Indians (California,
U.S.)]](xa-rincon2.png "[Rincon Band of Luiseño Mission
Indians (California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875 Rincon Indian Reservation established.
1909 – 1911 Rincon Indian agency.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1960 Rincon Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Rincon Band of Luiseño Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
2023 Renamed Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians.
Captain of Potrero
c.1852 Jose Calac
Spokesmen
c.1934 Tomas Arviso
1940's Marcus Golsh (b. 1890 - d. 1987)
1947 – 1955 Max C. Mazzetti (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 2010)
1955 – af.1957 Therman E. McCormick (b. 1912 – d. 1958)
195. - 1960 Max C. Mazzetti (2nd time) (s.a.)
1960 - bf.1967 Leo Donald Calac (b. 1920 - d. 2013)
Chairmen
1960 – 196. ....
c.1965 DeLisle Calac
c.1966/88 Patricia A. Duro (f)
c.1970 Frank Mazzetti
c.1972 Donald Calac
c.1975 Max C. Mazzetti (s.a.)
c.1976/78 Matthew L. Calac
bf.1978 - c.1980/81 Edward T. Arviso (1st time)
c.1980/81 - bf.1983 ....
bf.1983 - 1994 Edward T. Arviso (2nd time)
1994 - 1996 Robert G. Calac
1996 – 1998 Edward T. Arviso (3rd time)
1998 - Feb 2006 John D. Currier
Feb 2006 - 10 Apr 2008 Vernon H. Wright (b. 1955 - d. 2008)
Apr 2008 - Frederick "Bo" Mazzetti
Robinson Rancheria
![[Robinson
Rancheria of Pomo Indians (California, U.S.)]](ca-robinson-rancheria.jpg "[Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians (California,
U.S.)]")
8 Sep 1909 Rancheria set aside.
3 Sep 1965 – 29 Jun 1977 Terminated by the U.S.
1978 Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2012 Renamed Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians.
Jan 2015 Renamed Robinson Rancheria.
Chairmen
1978 - c.1986 Bernadine Tripp (f)
c.1990 Curtis F. Anderson, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1946)
c.1990 – af.1993 Marcus N. Anderson (b. 1939 - d. 2000)
bf.1994 - af.1996 Douglas Duncan
1997 - 1999 Curtis F. Anderson, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1999 - 2006 Clara Wilson (f)
Oct 2006 - 4 Dec 2013 Tracey Avila (f) (b. 1961 - d. 2013)
Dec 2013 - 2014 Curtis F. Anderson, Jr. (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2014 - 2016 Nicholas Medina
2016 - 2020 Eddie Crandall
2020 - Beniakem Cromwell
Round Valley
![[Round Valley Indian
Tribes (California. U.S.)]](xa-round-valley.jpg "[Round Valley Indian
Tribes (California. U.S.)]")
14 Jun 1856 Round Valley Reservation set aside (no treaty).
1860 – 1950 Round Valley (to 1865, Northern District; 1923 - 1948 Sacramento;
from 1948, California) agency.
8 Apr 1864 Round Valley Reservation confirmed by Congress.
1894 Entitled to acquire the U.S. citizenship (by 1920, all were
citizens).
7 Nov 1936 Covelo Indian Community of the Round Valley Reservation.
14 Sep 1994 Renamed Round Valley Indian Tribes.
Presidents
1936 – af.1937 Arthur Anderson
c.1969 Warren Lincoln
1969 - af.1977 Norman Wayne Whipple (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
bf.1979 – 1980 Douglas Whipple
1980 – af.1981 Thomas Hanover
c.1983 Ronald James
c.1984 Daran Lincoln
bf.1991 - af.1993 Gaylan G. Azbill (b. 1948 - d. 2000)
bf.1994 - af.1996 Joseph A. Russ, Sr.
c.1999 Norman Wayne Whipple (2nd time) (s.a.)
bf.2000 - 2004 John Azbill, Sr.
2004 – 2005 Deborah Oliver (f)
2005 – 2006 Shannon M. Barney (f)
2006 – 2010 Eugene Jamison, Jr.
2010 – 2011 Carlino Bettega
2011 - 2015 Kenneth Wright
2015 - James Russ
Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation (San Manuel Band of Mission Indians)
![[San Manuel Band of Serrano
Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-sman.jpg "[San Manuel
Band of Serrano Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]")
1865 – 1948 Mission Indian agency.
1891 San Manuel Indian Reservation established.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1966 San Manuel Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 - 2009 Renamed San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
Jan 2022 Renamed Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation.
Captains
c.1866 Antonio Sever
c.1870 Manuel Santos (b. 1814 – d. 1919)
c.1893 Crispin
c.1903 Manuel
Spokesman
c.1934 Alfred Marcus
Chairmen
1966 – c.1980 ....
c.1972 Geraldine Campos (f)
c.1980 - c.1991 Henry Duro (1st time) (b. 1949)
c.1993 Harvey Duro
1994 - 1996 Lynn R. LeRoy (f) (1st time)
1996 - 1999 Henry Duro (2nd time) (s.a.)
1999 - 2006 Deron Marquez (b. 1970)
2006 - 2008 Henry Duro (3rd time) (s.a.)
2008 - 2012 James C. Ramos (b. 1967)
2012 - 2014 Carla Rodriguez (f) (b. 1953)
2014 - 2020 Lynn R. Valbuena (f) (2nd time)
(= Lynn R. LeRoy)
Apr 2020 - 2022 Ken Ramirez
2022 - Lynn R. Valbuena (f) (3rd time)
San Pasqual Diegueno
|
|
![[San
Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
former flag (California,U.S.)]](ca-san-pasqual1.png "[San
Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
former flag (California,U.S.)]")
![[San
Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]](xa-san-pasqual.jpg "[San Pasqual Band
of Diegueno Mission Indians (California,
U.S.)]")
1971 San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
2000 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Indian Health Self-governance agreement.
Captains
1835 – 183. Juan Cuerpo (alcalde)
bf.1837 - 1874 Jose Pedro Panto (b. c.1804 – d. 1874)
(from 1854, also captain-general of the Diegueno tribe)
Spokesmen
c.1954 Florence Trask-Wolf (f)
bf.1978 - af.1984 Ronald Peralta (b. 1931 – d. 2010)
bf.1991 - af.1993 Diane Martinez (f)
c.1994 Ray Natividad (b. 1940 – d. 2007)
bf.1996 - 1997 Dorothy Tavui (f)
1997 - 2019 Allen E. Lawson, Jr.
2019 - Stephen W. Cope
Santa Rosa Cahuilla
![[Santa Rosa
Band of Cahuilla Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-santa-rosa.jpg "[Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians (California,
U.S.)]")
2 Feb 1907 Santa Rosa Reservation set aside.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Santa Rosa Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
2007 Renamed Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians.
Captain
c.1911 Manuel Tortes
Spokesmen
c.1934 Jack Meyers
1976 – 2000 Anthony Largo
2000 – 2001 Vivian Scribner (f)
2001 – 2003 Christina Arzate (f)
2003 – 2004 Erlinda A. Jones (f)
Chairmen
2004 – 2008 John Marcus (acting to 2006) (1st time)
2008 – 2009 Mayme Estrada (f) (1st time)
2009 – 2010 John Marcus (2nd time)
2010 – 2012 Mayme Estrada (f) (2nd time)
2012 - 2016 John Marcus (3rd time)
2016 - Jan 2020 Steven Estrada
Jan 2020 - Lovina Saul Redner (f)
Santa Rosa Rancheria
![[Santa Rosa
Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria
(California, U.S.)]](ax-santa-rosa-tachi.jpg "[Santa Rosa Indian Community
of the Santa Rosa Rancheria (California, U.S.)]")
Feb 1921 Rancheria set aside.
8 May 1963 Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria.
2000 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1963 – 197. ....
197. – 2001 Clarence Atwell (1st time) (b. 1945 – d. 2013)
2001 – 2003 Michael Sisco
2003 – 2009 Clarence Atwell (2nd time) (s.a.)
2009 - 2019 Ruben Barrios
2019 - Leo Sisco
Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians
![[Santa Ynez Band
of Chumash Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](ca-Chumash-Santa-Ynez.jpg "[Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1901 Santa Ynez Indian Reservation established.
1964 Santa Ynez Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians
2000 Gaming compact.
2015 Self-governance agreement.
Chairmen
bf.1967 - c.1983 Edward Olivas
c.1984 James P. Pace
c.1985 Edward A. Valencia
198. - 199. Richard Gomez
bf.1990 - 1999 David Dominguez
1999 - 2016 Vincent Armenta
2016 - Kenneth Kahn
Sherwood Valley Rancheria
![[Sherwood Valley Rancheria of
Pomo Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-sherv.gif "[Sherwood
Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians (California, U.S.)]")
10 May 1909 Rancheria set aside.
10 Jun 1935 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
25 Jul 1974 Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2006 Covered by the Consolidated Tribal self-governance agreement.
2018 Individual self-governance agreement.
Chairmen
1974 – 197. ....
197. – 1979 Thomas E. Campbell (d. 1979)
c.1980 Patrick Renick (b. 1942 - d. 2015)
bf.1982 - af.1984 Patricia Augustine (f)
bf.1985 - af.1997 Michael Knight (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2001 Robin Phillips
2001 – 2005 Allen Wright
2005 - 2015 Michael Fitzgerral
2015 - 2019 Michael Knight (2nd time)
2019 - Melanie Rafanan (f)
Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians
![[Soboba Band of
Luiseno Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-sobo.jpg)
19 Jun 1883 Soboba (to c.1890 also called San Jacinto) Reservation established.
1910 – 1920 Soboba Indian agency
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Soboba Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Soboba Band of Luiseño Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2002 Renamed Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
Captains
bf.1852 - af.1860 Victoriano (d. 1888)
c.1882 Jose Jesus Castillo
Spokesmen
bf.1934 - af.1948 Anthony Mojado
19.. - 1953 Adam Castillo (b. 1885 - d. 1953)
c.1962 Elor Soza
c.1964 - c.1969 William P. Soza
19.. - 1972 Eleanor Gomez (f)
1972 – 197. Benny Helms (1st time)
1976 – af.1980 Robert J. Salgado (1st time) (b. 1942 - d. 2016)
c.1983 Paul Boniface
c.1984 Benny Helms (2nd time)
198. – 1986 Robert J. Salgado (2nd time) (s.a.)
1986 - 1988 Scott Cozart (1st time)
1988 – 1994 Robert J. Salgado (3rd time) (s.a.)
1994 – 1996 Ernest Salgado, Jr.
1996 – 1998 Charles Lopez
1998 – 2007 Robert J. Salgado (4th time) (s.a.)
2007 – Apr 2008 Rosemary Morillo (f) (1st time) (b. 1953)
(acting)
Apr 2008 - Nov 2009 Robert J. Salgado (5th time) (s.a.)
Nov 2009 – Apr 2010 Rosemary Morillo (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Apr 2010 – Apr 2012 Scott Cozart (2nd time)
Chairmen
Apr 2012 - Jun 2016 Rosemary Morillo (f) (s.a.)
Jun 2016 - Apr 2020 Scott Cozart
Apr 2020 - Isaiah Vivanco
Susanville Rancheria
![[Susanville Rancheria
of Paiute, Maidu, Pit River and Washoe Indians
(California, U.S.)]](ax-susanville.jpg "[Susanville Rancheria of
Paiute, Maidu, Pit River and Washoe Indians (California,
U.S.)]")
15 Aug 1923 Rancheria set aside.
1972/74 - 1997 Renamed Susanville Rancheria of Paiute, Maidu, Pit River &
Washoe Indians.
2000 Gaming compact
2007 Self-governance agreement.
Chairmen
1969 – 19.. Freda C. Owens (f)
c.1976 Harold Dixon
c.1978 Leo Gutierez
c.1980 Dwight "Ike" Lowry (1st time)
bf.1984 - af.1993 Aaron Dixon
bf.1994 - af.1996 Nicholas J. Padilla (1st time)
bf.1998 - 1999 Victor Preston
1999 – 2000 Nicholas J. Padilla (2nd time)
2000 – 2002 Dwight "Ike" Lowry (2nd time)
2002 – 2003 Valerie Edwards (f)
2003 - 2015 Stacy Dixon
2015 - 2018 Brandon Gutierez
2018 - 2021 Deana Bovee (f)
2021 - Arian Hart
Sycuan Kumeyaay
![[Sycuan Band of Kumeyaay
Nation (California, U.S.)]](xa-sycuan.jpg "[Sycuan Band of
Kumeyaay Nation (California, U.S.)]")
27 Dec 1875 Sycuan Reservation set aside.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Sycuan Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians.
1998 Gaming compact.
2005 Renamed Sycuan Band of Kumeyaay Nation.
Captains
c.1852 Surdo
c.1870 Manuel
Spokesmen
c.1934 John Helmiup
1972 – 1992 Anna Prieto-Sandoval (f) (b. 1934 – d. 2010)
1992 – 1994 Daniel J. Tucker (1st time)
1994 – 2002 Georgia Tucker (f)
2002 - 2015 Daniel J. Tucker (2nd time)
2015 - Cody Martinez
Tejon
![[Tejon Indian Tribe
(California, U.S.)]](xa-tejon.gif "[Tejon Indian Tribe
(California, U.S.)]")
1853 – 1856 Temporary reservation set aside (no treaty).
1855 – 1860 Tejon (Sebastian) Indian agency.
2012 Recognition by the U.S. confirmed (Tejon Indian Tribe),
no reservation as of 2015.
Chiefs
bf.1851 - af.1864 Vicente Kawana (d. af.1873)
bf.1915 - 1944 Juan Lozada (informal) (b. 1859 – d. 1944)
Chairmen
2000 - 2016 Kathryn Montes-Morgan (f) (b. 1957?)
2016 - Octavio Escobedo
Timbisha Shoshone
|
![[Western
Shoshone (California, Nevada, U.S.)]](ax-western_shoshone.png "[Western Shoshone (California, Nevada,
U.S.)]") Western Shoshone Flag |
![[Timbisha
Shoshone Tribe former flag (California,
U.S.)]](xa-timsh.gif "[Timbisha Shoshone Tribe former
flag (California, U.S.)]")
2010 Named Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Tribe.
2019 Renamed Timbisha Shoshone Tribe.
Chairmen
1966 - af.1986 Pauline Esteves (f) (1st time) (b. 1924)
(spokesperson to 1978)
c.1987 Dollie Jones (f) (acting)
c.1988 - af.1989 Alice Eben (f)
bf.1991 – 1993 Angela Boland (f) (1st time)
1993 – 1995 Roy Kennedy
1995 – 1996 Pauline Esteves (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1996 – 1997 Angela Boland (f) (2nd time)(acting)
1997 – 2001 Pauline Esteves (f) (3rd time) (s.a.)
2001 – 2002 Leroy Jackson
2002 Georgia E. Kennedy (f)(1st time)
(acting)
2002 – 2003 Richard Boland
2002 – 2003 Georgia E. Kennedy (f) (2nd time)
(in opposition in Bishop; from 2003, recognized by U.S.)
2003 – 2004 Shirley Summers (f)
(from 2004, in Bishop)
2004 Dan Shoshone
(in opposition to Summers; not recognized by U.S.)
2004 - 2019 Joseph Kennedy
(not recognized by U.S. from 2010)
2007 - 2019 George Gholson (b. 1963)
(in opposition to 2016, in Bishop; from 2011 recognized by U.S.)
2019 - Dec 2020 White Dove Kennedy (f) (b. 1971)
Dec 2020 - Jimmy J. Thompson
Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla
![[Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians (California,
U.S.)]](ca-torres-martinez-cahuilla.jpg "[Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
15 May 1876 Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation established.
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
bf.1972 Torres-Martinez Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 Renamed Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2004 Renamed Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
Captains of Torres
c.1862 Jose Ignacio
c.1894 Joaquin Torres
c.1902 Francisco Torres (1st time)
c.1903 Louis Torres
c.1910 Francisco Torres (2nd time)
Spokesmen
c.1934 Basquet Chihuahua
bf.1950 - af.1957 Virgil R. Lawson (b. 1918 – d. 1997)
c.1971 Theodore P. Torro
Chairmen
1974 - bf.1976. ....
bf.1976 - af.1978 Theodore P. Torro
bf.1980 - af.1987 Harvey J. Duro
198. – 1990 Helen Jose (f) (1st time)
1990 – 199. Mary E. Belardo (f) (1st time) (b. 1949)
bf.1991 - 1994 Helen Jose (f) (2nd time)
1994 - 1997 Mary E. Belardo (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1997 - 1998 Arthur R. "Art" Lopez
1998 - Nov 2002 Mary E. Belardo (f) (3rd time) (s.a.)
2002 - 2009 Raymond Torres
2009 - 2017 Mary L. Resvaloso (f)
2017 - Thomas Tortez
Tule River
![[Tule River
Indian Tribe (California, U.S.)]](xa-tule-river.png "[Tule River
Indian Tribe (California, U.S.)]")
1860 – 1923 Tule River (to 1865, Southern District) agency.
9 Jan 1873 Tule River Reservation set aside.
7 Jan 1936 Tule River Indian Tribe
2000 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
bf.1936 - 19.. ....
c.1940 Ross Ellis
c.1969 Robert Santos
c.1979 - af.1980 Alec Garfield
c.1984 Crispina Sierra (f)
bf.1990 - af.1993 Nicola Larsen (f)
c.1994 Irma Hunter (f)
c.1996 Duane M. Garfield, Sr. (1st time)
bf.1999 - 2001 Phillip D. Hunter
2001 – 2004 Duane M. Garfield, Sr. (2nd time)
2004 – 2010 Neil Peyron (1st time)
2010 – 2012 Ryan Garfield
2012 - Jan 2021 Neil Peyron (2nd time)
Jan 2021 - Jan 2022 William J. Garfield
Jan 2022 - Neil Peyron (3rd time)
Tuolumne Rancheria
![[Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk
Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria (California, U.S.)]](xa-tuomw.gif "[Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Tuolumne
Rancheria (California, U.S.)]")
25 Oct 1910 Rancheria set aside
15 Jan 1936 Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria.
2000 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1936 – af.1937 John Kibby
c.1940 William Fuller (b. 1873 – d. 1958)
bf.1969 - 1970 George Wessell
1970 – 1974 Luna Wessell (f)
1974 – 19.. Vernon Bailey
c.1980 Dorothy A. Stanley (f) (b. 1924 - d. 1990)
c.1984 Stanley Robert Cox
bf.1990 - af.1996 Sonny Hendricks
bf.1999 - 2020 Kevin A. Day
2020 - Andrea Reich (f)
Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians
![[Twenty-Nine Palms Band of
Luiseno Mission Indians (California, U.S.)]](xa-twnnp.jpg "[Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Luiseno Mission Indians
(California, U.S.)]")
11 Nov 1895 Twenty-Nine Palms Reservation established.
1972 Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians
bf.1979 - 2002 Renamed Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Luiseño Mission Indians.
2000 Gaming compact.
2005 Covered by the Riverside-San Bernardino Self-governance agreement.
Captains
187. – af.1895 William Mike (Mike Boniface) (b. 18.. - d. 1909)
bf.1908 - 1911 Jim Pine (b. c.1840 – d. 19..)
Spokesmen
1972 – 19.. ....
bf.1980 - af.1983 Dean Mike (1st time)
c.1984 Jennifer Andrade (f)
bf.1990 - 1996 June Mike (f)
1996 - 2006 Dean Mike (2nd time)
1 Jan 2007 - Darrell Mike
Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute of Benton
22 Jul 1915 Benton Reservation set aside.
20 Jan 1976 Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute Tribe of the Benton Paiute Reservation
Chairmen
bf.1970 - af.1983 Joseph C. Saulque (1st time)
c.1984 Gladys Beauregard (f)
c.1989 Joseph C. Saulgue (2nd time)
bf.1990 - 2003 Rose M. Saulque-Bahe (f)
2003 – 2007 Joseph C. Saulque (3rd time)
2007 – 2010 Mike Keller
2010 - 2016 Billie G. Saulque
2016 - 2020 Tina Braithwaite (f)
2020 - Shane Saulque
Yurok
![[Yurok Tribe (California,
U.S.)]](xa-yurok.jpg "[Yurok Tribe (California, U.S.)]")
16 Nov 1855 Klamath River Reservation set aside (no treaty).
1856 – 1860 Klamath River Indian agency.
1891 - 1988 Reservation a part of the Hoopa Valley reservation, known as the
Hoopa Extension (in 1892 the Extension is opened to non-Indian
settlement).
15 Dec 1934 Rejected the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
1940 Yurok Tribe (until 1993 listed by the U.S. with addition "of the
Hoopa Valley Reservation").
1996 Self-governance agreement.
2007 Gaming compact.
Chairmen
1988 – 1991 Transition Team (5 members)
1991 – 1997 Susie L. Long (f)
1997 – 2003 Susan M. Masten (f)
2003 – 2006 Howard McConnell
2006 – 2009 Maria Tripp (f)
2009 - 2015 Thomas P. O'Rourke, Sr. (1st time)
2015 - 2016 James Dunlap
2016 - 2018 Thomas P. O'Rourke, Sr. (2nd time)
2018 - Joseph L. James
Colorado
|
![[Southern Ute
Tribe (Colorado, U.S.)]](xa-soute.gif "[Southern Ute
Tribe (Colorado, U.S.)]")
30 Dec 1849
Under the U.S. protection
(Confederated Bands of the Ute), divided
into 6 bands.
1860
Conejos (1869 – 1877
Los Pinos; 1877 – 1922 Southern Ute; from
1922, Consolidated Ute) Indian Agency established
(1869 – 1881
there was additional White River Indian Agency for the
northern
bands).
2 Mar 1868
Confederated Ute Reservation
established.
15 Jun 1880
Reservation diminished to the
Southern Ute (from 1918, Consolidated
Ute) Reservation.
1881
Northern bands
of Ute removed to the Uintah Reservation in Utah.
1896
Entitled to acquire the U.S. citizenship (by 1920, all
were
citizens); non-citizens separated to become the latter
Ute
Mountain Ute and retained the western sector of the
reservation.
4 May 1899
Eastern sector of the
reservation (from 1938, alone formally known
as the Southern Ute Reservation) opened to the
non-Indian
settlement.
7 Nov
1936
Southern Ute Tribe
1984
Under
jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
1992
Gaming
compact with the state.
c.1849 Quixiachigiate
bf.1855 - 1868 Coneache (Kaniache) (d. 1881)
Head chief for the Tabeguache, Grand River, Yampa bands (in the north)
bf.1849 - 1868 Nevava (d. 1868)
Head chief of the Confederated Ute (title of chief: Ta'wa-vi)
1868 - 24 Aug 1880 Ouray (b. 1833 - d. 1880)
Chiefs of Southern Ute
1880 – 1896 Ignacio (head chief) (b. 1844 – d. 1913)
1896 - 8 May 1936 Charles Buck "Buckskin Charlie" (b. 1840 - d. 1936)
1936 Antonio Buck, Sr. (b. 1879 - d. 1961)
Chairmen
1935 – Dec 1936 John Burch
Dec 1936 - 1939 Antonio Buck, Sr. (s.a.)
1940 - 1944 Julius N. Cloud (1st time)
1945 - 1948 Samuel Burch (1st time)
1949 Julius N. Cloud (2nd time)
1950 Samuel Burch (2nd time)
1951 - 1952 Julius N. Cloud (3rd time)
1953 - 1956 Samuel Burch (3rd time)
1957 - 1960 John E. Baker, Sr. (1st time)
1961 Anthony C. Burch
1962 - 1963 John E. Baker, Sr. (2nd time)
1963 - 1965 John S. Williams
1966 John E. Baker, Sr. (3rd time)
1967 - Dec 1984 Leonard C. Burch (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 2003)
Dec 1984 – Dec 1987 Christopher A. Baker, Sr.
Dec 1987 – Dec 1996 Leonard C. Burch (2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1996 – Dec 1999 Clement J. Frost (1st time)
Dec 1999 – Dec 2000 John E. Baker, Jr. (b. 1947)
Dec 2000 – Feb 2001 Vida B. Peabody (f) (acting)
Feb 2001 – Dec 2002 Leonard C. Burch (3rd time) (s.a.)
Dec 2002 – Nov 2004 Howard D. Richards, Sr.
Nov 2004 – Jan 2005 Anthony C. Burch (acting)
Jan 2005 - 21 Dec 2008 Clement J. Frost (2nd time)
21 Dec 2008 – Feb 2011 Matthew J. Box (b. 1970)
Feb 2011 – 13 Apr 2011 Jimmy R. Newton, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1976 - d. 2014)
(acting)
13 Apr 2011 - 15 Dec 2011 Pearl E. Casias (f)
15 Dec 2011 - 31 Mar 2014 Jimmy R. Newton, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Apr 2014 - 29 May 2014 James M. "Mike" Olguin (acting)
29 May 2014 - Dec 2017 Clement J. Frost (3rd time)
Dec 2017 - Dec 2020 Christine Sage (f)
Dec 2020 - Melvin J. Baker
Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
![[Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
(Colorado, U.S.)]](Ute-Mountain.jpg "[Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
(Colorado, U.S.)]")
1896 Non-citizens (from 1915, known as the Ute Mountain Ute) separated
from the rest of Southern Ute and retained the western sector of
the reservation (from 1938 the Ute Mountain Reservation).
1900 – 1922 Navajo Springs (from 1915, Ute Mountain) Indian Agency established.
1938 Ute Mountain Reservation established.
6 Jun 1940 Ute Mountain Tribe
1992 Gaming compact with the state.
2015 Renamed Ute Mountain Ute Tribe.
Chiefs
1896 – 1913 Ignacio (head chief) (b. 1844 – d. 1913)
1913 – 1936 John Miller (d. 1936)
1936 - 1971 Jack House (b. 188. - d. 1971)
[last traditional leader]
Chairmen
1938 – May 1940 Jack House (s.a.)
May 1940 - 1955 George Mills
1955 - 1958? Scott Jacket (1st time)
1958? – af.1962 Albert Wing (1st time) (b. 1923)
c.1965 - c.1967 Scott Jacket (2nd time)
c.1970 - c.1973 Albert Wing (2nd time) (s.a.)
c.1975 - c.1976 Marshall Whyte
c.1977 - 1979 Scott Jacket (3rd time)
1979 - 1981 Judy Pinnecoose (f) (1st time) (b. 1943)
1981 - 1982 Terry Knight
1982 - 1985? Ernest House (1st time) (b. 1945 - d. 2011)
1985? - 1986 ....
1986 - 1989 Ernest House (2nd time) (s.a.)
1989 - 1998 Judy Knight-Frank (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
(= Judy Pinnecoose)
1998 - Oct 2001 Ernest House (3rd time) (s.a.)
Oct 2001 – Jul 2002 Judy Knight-Frank (f) (3rd time) (s.a.)
Jul 2002 – Oct 2004 Harold D. Cuthair (1st time)
Oct 2004 – Aug 2005 Selwyn Whiteskunk
Aug 2005 – Oct 2007 Manuel Heart (1st time)
Oct 2007 – Oct 2010 Ernest House (4th time) (s.a.)
Oct 2010 – Oct 2013 Gary Hayes
Oct 2013 - Oct 2016 Manuel Heart (2nd time)
Oct 2016 - Oct 2019 Harold D. Cuthair (2nd time)
Oct 2019 - Manuel Heart (3rd time)
Connecticut
Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
![[Eastern Pequot Tribal
Nation (Connecticut, U.S.)]](ct-eastern-pequot.jpg "[Eastern Pequot Tribal
Nation (Connecticut, U.S.)]")
1683 Reservation set aside for the Eastern Pequots.
1976 – Aug 2002 Tribe divided into two groups.
Jun 2002 Federal recognition is granted as "Historical" Eastern Pequot
Tribe, it did not become final.
Jan 2003 Formal merger of the two groups (Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation).
Oct 2005 Federal recognition withdrawn.
Chiefs (first two also titled as governors)
1655 – 1677 Harmon Garrett (Cashawasset) (b. c.1610 – d. 1677)
1677 – 1695 Momoho (d. 1695)
c.1678 Catapesset (in opposition) (b. c.1650 – d. af.1680)
bf.1713 Cushamequin (d. bf.1713)
bf.1713 - af.1723 "Sunk Squaw" (f)
[recorded only by titular designation]
bf.1749 - 1752 Mary Momoho (f) (b. c.1665 – d. 1752)
Chairmen of the Eastern Pequot
1976 - 1997 Roy Sebastian (Chief Hockeo) (b. 1926 - d. 2022)
(from 1997, Sachem for Life)
1997 - 2001 Mary E. Sebastian (f)
2001 - Jan 2003 Marcia Jones Flowers (f) (b. 1946 - d. 2016)
Chairmen of the Authentic (from Aug 1979, Paucatuck) Eastern Pequot
1976 – 1977 Linda Strange (f) (b. 1948 - d. 2019)
1977 – 1981 Richard E. Williams
1981 - Feb 1987 Raymond A. Geer
1987 - 2002 Agnes E. Cunha (f)
(acting to 1988)
2002 – Jan 2003 James A. "Jim" Cunha
Chairmen
Jan 2003 - Jul 2006 Marcia Jones Flowers (f) (s.a.)
2006 - 2009 Lewis Randall
25 Jul 2009 - Jul 2012 James A. "Jim" Cunha
Jul 2012 - Jun 2013 Brian Geer
2013 - 2015 Denis Jenkins
(acting to Nov 2013)
Jul 2015 - Sep 2021 Katherine Sebastian-Dring (f)
Sep 2021 - Mitchel Ray (b. 1980?)
Mashantucket Pequot
![[Mashantucket Pequot flag (Connecticut, U.S.)]](xa-mashantucket-pequot.jpg "[Mashantucket Pequot flag (Connecticut, U.S.)]")
1622 – 1631
Pequots allied with the Dutch.
1637
Subject to the
English.
1651
Reservation set aside for
the Western Pequots.
18 Oct
1983
Mashantucket Pequot Tribe gains federal recognition,
remains
under
jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
1991
Gaming compact.
15 Feb
1992
Mashantucket Pequots opened Foxwoods Casino.
Grand Chiefs of Pequot
c.1500
Tamaquashed (Pekoath)
c.15..
Muckquntdowas
c.15..
Woipequand
bf.1590 -
1631
Wopigwooit
(Tatobem)
(d. 1631)
1631 – 1637
Sassacus
(b. c.1560 – d. 1637)
1637 – 1651
Abolished
Chiefs (first three also titled as governors)
1651 – 1692
Robin Cassacinamon
I
(d. 1692)
1692 – 1694
David
Cassacinamon
(d. 1694)
1694 – 1740
Scattup (Scadoab)
(d. 1740)
bf.1712 – 1722
Robin Cassacinamon
II
(d. 1722)
(in opposition)
c.1741 – c.1760
Charles Scordaub
bf.1747 – c.1760
Joseph Wyoke (Wyock, Wyouke)
(in
opposition)
1760 – af.1785
Joseph Charles Scordaub (Scadoab)
c.1760 - af.1773
Daniel Quocheets (Quotcheath)
(in
opposition)
c.1793
Councillors
- Joseph Charles
- Manuel
Simonds
c.1804
Councillors
- Benjamin George
- Peter George
- Benjamin Charles
1800's
Councillors
- Betsy Wheeler (f)
- Hannal Fagin Miller (f)
- Anna Wait (f)
- Wzra Niles
- Rhoda Cottrell (f)
- Esther Dick (f)
- Susan Simmons
- Amasa Lawrencemen
c.1920 - c.193.
Atwood I. Williams (spokesman) (b. 1881 - d.
1955)
(= Chief Silverstar)
c.1933
John George
19.. -
1973
Elisabeth George Plouffe (f) (b.
1895 - d. 1973)
("Iron Woman")
+ Martha Langevin Ellal (f) (b.
1901 - d. 1978)
(to 197.)
1973 -
1975
Amos George
(b. 1882 – d. 1978)
Chairmen
1975 - 22 Jan
1999
Richard A. "Skip"
Hayward (b.
1947)
22 Jan 1999 - Jan 2003 Kenneth
M.
Reels
(b. 1960)
Jan 2003 - 1 Jan 2010 Michael
J.
Thomas
(b. 1968)
1 Jan 2010
-
Rodney A.
Butler
(b. 1977)
Mohegan
![[Mohegan Tribe flag
(Connecticut, U.S.)]](xa-mohega.gif "[Mohegan Tribe flag
(Connecticut, U.S.)]")
1671 Reservation established.
1872 – 1973 Dissolved and not recognized by the state.
7 Mar 1994 Federal recognition granted to the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of the
State of Connecticut, remains under jurisdiction of state courts
and law enforcement.
1994 Gaming compact.
2001 Self-governance agreement.
Chiefs
1635 – 1683 Uncas (b. c.1588 – d. 1683)
1683 – 1715 Oweneco (b. c.1620 – d. 1715)
1715 – 1723 Caesar Uncas (b. c.1640 – d. 1723)
1723 – 1725 Ben Uncas I (d. 1725)
1726 – 1746 Ben Uncas II (b. c.1695 – d. 1746)
1735 – 1736 Mahomet (b. c.1705 – d. 1736)
(did not take office; in opposition)
1736 Anne Uncas (f) (interim)
(in opposition)
1736 – 1769 John Uncas I (in opposition)
1746 – 1769 Benjamin Uncas III (d. 1769)
1769 – 1770 Isaiah Uncas (d. 1770)
(did not take office)
1769 – 1787 Zachary Johnson –Regent (d. 1787)
1769 – af.1783 John Uncas II (in opposition) (d. 1842)
Headmen (after 1823 title not specified)
bf.1789 - c.1806 Henry Quaquaquid
+ Robert Ashpo (Ashbow)
c.1807 John Cooper
+ Andrew Ashpo (Ashbow)
c.1823 Benoni Occom (chief headman) (b. 1763 – d. 1829)
c.1838 Jacob Cooper
c.1853 Martha Uncas (f) (b. 1769 – d. 1859)
c.1860 Henry Matthews (b. 1819 – d. 1903)
1872 – 1902 Abolished
Chiefs (not recognized by the state to 1973; traditional leaders from 1992)
1902 - 1903 Henry Matthews (Wegun) (s.a.)
1903 - 1928 Lemuel M. Fielding (Occum) (b. 1859 - d. 1928)
(acting to 1920)
1929 - 1935 Everett M. Fielding (b. 1887 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1937 Julian L. Harris (Peegee Uncas) (b. 1872 - d. 1941)
1937 - 1952 Burrill H. Fielding (Matahga) (b. 1862 - d. 1952)
1952 - 1970 Harold A. Tantaquidgeon (b. 1904 - d. 1989)
1970 - 1991 Courtland E. Fowler (b. 1905 - d. 1991)
("Little Hatchet")
1992 - 1 Oct 2007 Ralph W. Sturges (G'tinemong) (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
15 Aug 2010 - Marilynn "Lynn" Roberge Malerba (f)(b. 1953)
(Mutawi Mutahash)
Chairmen
1980 – 1991 Courtland E. Fowler (s.a.)
1991 – 1995 Ralph W. Sturges (s.a.)
1995 – 2000 Roland J. Harris
2000 – 2005 Mark F. Brown (b. 1957)
2005 – 2009 Bruce S. Bozsum (1st time)
("Two Dogs")
2009 – 2010 Marilynn "Lynn" Roberge Malerba (f)(s.a.)
2010 – 7 Oct 2013 Bruce S. Bozsum (2nd time)
7 Oct 2013 - Feb 2019 Kevin P. Brown
2019 - R. James Gessner
1736 Reservation set aside.
1985 Tribe divided into two groups (in Oct 1991, the group under Velky
changes name to Schaghticoke Tribal Nation, while the group
under Russell remains Schaghticoke Indian Tribe).
24 Jan 2004 Schaghticoke Tribal Nation federally recognized, the recognition
did not become final.
11 Oct 2005 Federal recognition withdrawn.
Chiefs
bf.1742 - 1760 Gideon Mauwee (b. c.1687 – d. 1760)
1760 – af.1775 Joshua Job Mauwee
bf.1786 - af.1792 Joseph Mauwee
Chairmen
1973 – 1979 Irving A. Harris (Mikigu)(1st time)(b. 1931 - d. 2005)
1979 – 1982 Maurice "Butch" Lydem
1982 – 1983 Trudie Ray Lamb-Richmond (f) (b. 1931 - d. 2021)
1983 – 1985 Alan Russell (b. 1946)
(from 1985, continues in opposition)
1985 – 1987 Irving A. Harris (Mikigu)(2nd time)(s.a.)
1987 - Richard L. Velky (b. 1950?)
Delaware
None Recognized
District
of Columbia
None Recognized
Florida
Miccosukee
|
![[Miccosukee
Tribe of Indians (Florida, U.S.)]](miccosukee.gif "[Miccosukee Tribe of Indians (Florida,
U.S.)]")
Adopted
1962(Miccosukee Tribe of Indians), under jurisdiction of state courts
and law enforcement.
1971 Self-governance contract with the U.S. (one of the first of three).
Chairmen
1953 – 1961 William Buffalo Tiger (1st time) (b. 1920 - d. 2015)
(to 1957, spokesman)
1961 Howard Osceola
1961 - 1985 William Buffalo Tiger (2nd time) (s.a.)
1985 – 1986 Sonny Billie
1986 - 2010 Billy Cypress (1st time) (b. 1952)
5 Jan 2010 - Nov 2015 Colley Billie
Nov 2015 - Mar 2016 Roy Cypress (interim)
Mar 2016 - 2021 Billy Cypress (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 2021 - Talbert Cypress
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![[Seminole Tribe
of Florida flag 1966-bf.1993 (Florida, U.S.)]](xa-sem66.png "[Seminole Tribe of Florida flag
1966-bf.1993 (Florida, U.S.)]")
![[Seminole
Tribe of Florida (Florida, U.S.)]](xa-semifl.gif "[Seminole Tribe of Florida (Florida,
U.S.)]")
1839
Some
Seminole avoid removal to Oklahoma.
Aug 1842 – May 1858
Informal reservation set aside by the U.S.
28 Jun 1911
Big Cypress Indian Reservation established.
1913
Recognized formally by the
U.S. (Seminoles of Florida), the
Seminole Indian Agency established.
30 Jun
1926
Dania (in 1966, renamed Hollywood) Indian Reservation
added.
13 Jun
1935
Brighton Indian Reservation added.
1953
U.S. House proposes termination of Seminole Tribe.
21 Aug
1957
Seminole Tribe of Florida, the
constitution adopted.
1961
Under jurisdiction of state courts and law enforcement.
2001
Self-governance agreement with the U.S.
2010
Gaming compact with the state.
1842 – May 1858 Holahtv Mekko "Billy Bowlegs" (b. 1810 - d. 1859)
(Anglicized: Holata Micco)
Chairmen
1945 – 1953 Board of Tribal Trustees
(3 trustees, composition as of 1949 below)
- Josie Billie (b. 1887 – d. 1980)
- John Cypress
- "Little" Charlie Micco
1953 - 1967 Bill "Billy" Osceola (b. 1919 - d. 1995)
1967 - 1971 Betty Mae Tiger-Jumper (f) (b. 1923 - d. 2011)
1971 - 1979 Howard E. Tommie (b. 1938)
1979 - 2003 James E. "Jim" Billie (1st time) (b. 1944)
(suspended from 2001)
2001 - 2011 Mitchell Cypress (b. 1947)
(acting for Billie to 2003)
2011 - Nov 2016 James E. "Jim" Billie (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 2016 - Marcellus W. Osceola (b. 1972)
Georgia
None Recognized
Hawaii
None Recognized
Idaho
Coeur d'Alene
![[Coeur d'Alene Tribe
(Idaho, U.S.)]](xa-coeur.gif "[Coeur d'Alene Tribe (Idaho,
U.S.)]")
14 Jun 1867
Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation set aside
(no treaty).
8 Nov 1873
Reservation enlarged.
3 Mar 1891
Reservation reduced.
1905
Coeur d'Alene (from 1937,
Northern Idaho) Indian Agency
established.
1910
Reservation
opened to the non-Indian settlement.
17 Nov 1934
Rejected the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934 by referendum.
2 Sep
1947
Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho
1993
Gaming compact
with the state.
1995
Self-governance
agreement with the U.S.
Head chiefs (title of chief: Yelmixwum)
c.1660 -
c.1760
"Circling Raven"
c.1760 – 1844
Stelam "Thunder"
(d. 1844)
1844 – 1865
Vincent Bassah
(Selepsto) (d.
af.1889)
1865 – 1902
Andrew
Seltice
(b. 182. - d. 1902)
1902 – 1907
Peter Louis Wildshoe
(d. 1907)
1907 – 1932
Peter Bartholomew
Moctelme
(d. 1934)
1932 – 1949
Joseph
Seltice
(d. 1949)
1949 -
1965
Ignace Garry
(d. 1965)
Chairmen
1934 – af.1936
Basil Peone
19.. – 1947
Pascal J. George (1st time)
1947 – 1949
Joseph
Seltice
(s.a.)
1949 – 1950
Ignace
Garry
(s.a.)
1950 – 1954
Pascal J. George (2nd time)
1954 – 1955
Felix Aripa
1955 – 1956
Lawrence Nicodemus
1956 – 1968
Joseph R.
Garry
(b. 1910 - d. 1975)
1968 –
1970
Oswald George
1970 – 1972
Bernard LaSarte (1st time)
1972 – 1974
Hillary Skanen
1974 –
1982
Bernard LaSarte (2nd time)
1982 – 1985
Dave Matheson
1985 – May 1986
Bernard LaSarte (3rd time)
May 1986 – May 2005 Ernest
"Ernie" L. Stensgar (1st time)
May 2005 - 2018
Chief James Allan (1st
time) (b.
1972)
2018 - Jun 2020
Ernest "Ernie" L. Stensgar (2nd time)
Jun 2020 -
Chief James Allan (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
![[Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
(Idaho, U.S.)]](xa-koott.gif "[Kootenai Tribe of Idaho (Idaho,
U.S.)]")
1896 Kootenai Reservation established, but gradually lost.
1947 Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
18 Oct 1974 Kootenai Reservation re-established.
1993 Gaming compact.
2001 Self-governance agreement.
Chiefs
c.1775 – 1840 "Three Moons" (b. c.1740 – d. 1840)
1840 – 1864 "Big Hunter"(from 1844 Thomas Blind)(d. 1864)
1864 – 1887 Abraham Blind (d. 1887)
1887 – 1900 Morisse Chiqui (d. 1900)
1900 – 1916 Isadore Chiqui (d. 1916)
1916 – 1935 Narcisse Isadore (d. 1935)
1935 – 1950 Pierre Andrew (d. 1950)
[not the last chief]
Chairmen
1947 – 19.. ....
c.1966 Baptiste Cutsack
c.1974 Amelia "Amy" C. Trice (f) (b. 1936 - d. 2011)