Bangladesh
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![[Pakistan]](pk.gif) -
14 Aug 1947 - 16 Dec 1971
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![[Bangladesh 1971 Flag]](bd-1971.gif) -
26 Mar 1971 - 13 Jan 1972
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![[Flag of Bangladesh]](bd.gif) -
Adopted 13 Jan 1972
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Map
of Bangladesh
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Hear
National Anthem "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal)
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Text
of National Anthem Adopted 1971 (provisional to 13 Jan 1972)
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Constitution (16 Dec 1972 - 24 Mar 1982; from 10 Nov 1986)
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Capital: Dhaka (Dacca 1608-1704, 1770-1983; Mujibnagar 11 Apr 1971 -
16 Dec 1971; Murshidabad
1704- 1770; Akbarbnagar
1595 - 1608)
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Currency: Taka (BDT)
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National Holiday: 26 Mar (1971)
Independence Day
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Population: 150,448,339 (2007)
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GDP: $330.8 billion (2006)
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Exports: $11.1billion (2006) Imports: $13.7 billion (2006)
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Ethnic Groups: Bengali 97.7%, tribal groups
1.9% (Chakma 0.4%, Saontal 0.2%, Marma 0.1%), other 0.4% (1998)
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Total Armed Forces: 125,500 (2003) Merchant marine: 42 ships (2006)
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Religions: Muslim 85.8%, Hindu 12.4%, Christian
0.7%,
Buddhist 0.6%, other 0.5% (2000)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB, APM, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CP, CTBT, D-8, ENMOD,
FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISESCO, ISO,
ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
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Bangladesh
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Chronology
1198
Bengal (Bangla) sultanate
12 Jul 1576
Bengal annexed by Moghul Empire.
1703
Mughal governor with style Nawab Nazim establishes
a quasi-independent state. 21 Aug 1765
British administration begins (see India).
26 May 1770
Part of British India (see India).
15 Aug 1947
Bengal province of British India divided;
eastern part becomes Pakistan province of
East Bengal.
7 Oct 1958
Autonomy abolished.
14 Oct 1955
Renamed East Pakistan.
26 Mar 1971
Independence proclaimed (People's Republic
of Bangladesh).
16 Dec 1971
De facto independence (capitulation of Pakistan).
22 Feb 1974
Independence recognized by Pakistan. |
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Rulers (title from 1716, Nawab Nazim)
1703
- 30 Jun 1727 Murshid Quli
Jafar Khan (d. 1727) (de facto to 1716)
30 Jun 1727 - 1739 Shujauddin
Muhammad Khan (d. 1739)
1739 - 6 Apr 1740 Alauddin Haidar Jang Sarfaraz Khan (d. 1740)
1740 - 9 Apr 1756
Alivardi Khan (Mirza Muhammad Ali) (d. 1756)
1756 - 23 Jun 1757 Sirajuddaula Muhammad Khan (b. 1733 - d. 1757)
29 Jun 1757 - 20 Oct 1760 Muhammad Jafar Ali Khan (1st time) (b. 1691 - d. 1777)
20 Oct 1760 - 1763 Mir Muhammad Qasim Ali Khan (d. c.1777) 1763 - 17 Jan 1765 Muhammad Jafar Ali Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1765 - 3 May 1766 Najimuddin Ali Khan (b. 1750 - d. 1766)
17 Jan 1765 - 3 May 1766 Reza Khan -Regent (1st time) (b. 1717? - d. 1791)
3 May 1766 - 1770 Saifuddaula Najabut Ali Khan (d. c.1770)
3 May 1766 - 1770 Reza Khan -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.) Governors
Aug 1947 - 31 Mar 1950 Sir Frederick Chalmers
Bourne (b. 1891 - d. 1977)
31 Mar 1950 - 31 Mar 1953 Malik Firoz Khan Nun
(b. 1893 - d. 1970)
31 Mar 1953 - 29 May 1954 Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
(b. 1889 - d. 1973)
29 May 1954 - May 1955 Iskandar Ali Mirza
(b. 1899 - d. 1969)
May 1955 - Jun 1955 Mohammad
Shahabuddin (acting)
(d. 1955)
Jun 1955 - Mar 1956 Amiruddin
Ahmad Mar 1956 - 13 Apr 1958 Abul Kashem Fazlul
Huq
(b. 1873 - d. 1962)
13 Apr 1958 - 3 May 1958 Hamid Ali (acting)
3 May 1958 - 10 Oct 1958 Sultanuddin Ahmad
10 Oct 1958 - 11 Apr 1960 Zakir Hussain
(b. 1898)
11 Apr 1960 - 11 May 1962 Mohammad Azam Khan
(b. 1908 - d. 1996)
11 May 1962 - 25 Oct 1962 Ghulam Faruq
(b. 1899)
25 Oct 1962 - 23 Mar 1969 Abdul Munim Khan
(b. 1902 - d. 1971)
23 Mar 1969 - 25 Mar 1969 Mirza Nurul Huda
(b. 1919 - d. 1991)
25 Mar 1969 - 23 Aug 1969 Muzaffaruddin
(martial law administrator)
23 Aug 1969 - 1 Sep 1969 Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
(b. 1920)
(martial law administrator)
1 Sep 1969 - 7 Mar 1971 Saiyid Mohammad Ahsan
(b. 1920)
7 Mar 1971 - 31 Aug 1971 Tikka Khan
(b. 1915 - d. 2002)
(martial law administrator)
31 Aug 1971 - 14 Dec 1971 Abdul Motaleb Malik
(b. 1905 - d. 1977)
31 Aug 1971 - 16 Dec 1971 Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi
(b. 1915 - d. 2004)
(martial law administrator)
Presidents
11 Apr 1971 - 12 Jan 1972 Mujibur Rahman (1st time)
(b. 1920 - d. 1975) AL
(Pakistani prisoner to 8 Jan 1972)
11 Apr 1971 - 10 Jan 1972 Syed Nazrul Islam
(b. 1925 - d. 1975) AL
(acting for Mujibur Rahman)
12 Jan 1972 - 24 Dec 1973 Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
(b. 1921 - d. 1987) Non-party
26 Dec 1973 - 25 Jan 1975 Mohammad Mohammadullah
(b. 1921 - d. 1999) BAL
(acting to 24 Jan 1974)
25 Jan 1975 - 15 Aug 1975 Mujibur Rahman (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BAL
15 Aug 1975 - 6 Nov 1975 Khundaqar Mushtaq Ahmed
(b. 1918 - d. 1996) BAL
6 Nov 1975 - 21 Apr 1977 Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
(b. 1916 - d. 1997) Non-party
(also chief martial law administrator
24 Aug - 4 Nov 1975 and 7 Nov 1975 - 29 Nov 1976)
21 Apr 1977 - 30 May 1981 Ziaur Rahman
(b. 1936 - d. 1981) Mil/BJD
(also chief martial law administrator
29 Nov 1976 - 6 Apr 1979)
30 May 1981 - 24 Mar 1982 Abdus Sattar
(b. 1906 - d. 1958) BJD
(acting to 20 Nov 1981)
24 Mar 1982 - 27 Mar 1982 Hossain Mohammad Ershad (1st time)
(b. 1930)
Mil
(chief martial law administrator 24 Mar 1982 - 30 Mar 1984)
27 Mar 1982 - 11 Dec 1983 Abul Fazal Mohammad Ahsanuddin
(b. 1915 - d. 2001) Non-party
Choudhury
11 Dec 1983 - 6 Dec 1990 Hossain Mohammad Ershad (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Mil;1986 JD
6 Dec 1990 - 10 Oct 1991 Shahabuddin Ahmed (1st time)
(b. 1930)
Non-party
(acting)
10 Oct 1991 - 9 Oct 1996 Abdur Rahman Biswas
(b. 1926)
BJD
9 Oct 1996 - 14 Nov 2001 Shahabuddin Ahmed (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
14 Nov 2001 - 21 Jun 2002 A.Q.M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
(b. 1929)
BJD
21 Jun 2002 - 6 Sep 2002 Jamiruddin Sircar (acting)
(b. 1931)
Non-party
6 Sep 2002 -
Iajuddin Ahmed
(b. 1931)
Non-party
Chief ministers
Aug 1947 - Sep 1948 Khwaja
Nazimuddin
(b. 1894 - d. 1964) ML
Sep 1948 - 1952
Nurul Amin
(b. 1893 - d. 1974) ML
3 Apr 1954 - 29 May 1954 Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq
(s.a.)
UF
29 May 1954 - Aug 1955 Governor's rule
Aug 1955 - Sep 1956 Abu
Hossain Sarkar (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1969)
KSP
Sep 1956 - Mar 1958 Ataur
Rahman Khan (1st time) (b. 1905 - d.
1991) AL
Mar 1958
Abu Hossain Sarkar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KSP
Mar 1958 - 18 Jun 1958 Ataur Rahman Khan
(2nd time) (s.a.)
AL
18 Jun 1958 - 22 Jun 1958 Abu Hossain Sarkar (3rd time)
(s.a.)
KSP
22 Jun 1958 - 25 Aug 1958 Governor's rule
25 Aug 1958 - 7 Oct 1958 Ataur Rahman Khan (3rd time)
(s.a.)
AL
7 Oct 1958 - 30 Jun 1970 Post abolished
1 Jul 1970 - 16 Dec 1971 Martial law
Prime ministers
11 Apr 1971 - 13 Jan 1972 Tajuddin Ahmed
(b. 1925 - d. 1975) BAL
13 Jan 1972 - 26 Jan 1975 Mujibur Rahman
(s.a.)
BAL
26 Jan 1975 - 15 Aug 1975 Mohammad Mansoor Ali
(b. 1919 - d. 1975) BAL
29 Jun 1978 - 12 Mar 1979 Mashiur Rahman (senior minister)
(b. 1924 - d. 1979) BJD
15 Apr 1979 - 24 Mar 1982 Shah Azizur Rahman
(b. 1925 - d. 1988) BJD
30 Mar 1984 - 9 Jul 1986 Ataur Rahman Khan
(b. 1905 - d. 1991) JD
9 Jul 1986 - 27 Mar 1988 Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury
(b. 1928 - d. 2006) JD
27 Mar 1988 - 12 Aug 1989 Moudud Ahmed
(b. 1940)
JD
12 Aug 1989 - 6 Dec 1990 Kazi Zafar Ahmed
(b. 1940)
JD
20 Mar 1991 - 30 Mar 1996 Khaleda Zia (f) (1st time)
(b. 1945)
BJD
30 Mar 1996 - 23 Jun 1996 Mohammad Habibur Rahman
(b. 1930)
Non-party
(chief adviser)
23 Jun 1996 - 15 Jul 2001 Sheikh Hasina Wajed (f)
(b. 1947)
BAL
15 Jul 2001 - 10 Oct 2001 Latifur Rahman (chief adviser)
(b. 1936)
Non-party
10 Oct 2001 - 29 Oct 2006 Khaleda Zia (f) (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BJD
29 Oct 2006 - 11 Jan 2007 Iajuddin Ahmed (chief adviser)
(s.a.)
Non-party
11 Jan 2007 - 12 Jan 2007 Fazlul Haque
(b. 1938) Non-party
(acting chief adviser)
12 Jan 2007 -
Fakhruddin Ahmed (chief adviser) (b. 1940) Non-party
![[Flag of Chittagong Hill Tribes]](bd-cht.gif)
Chittagong Hill Tracts Rebel Flag
Territorial Disputes: Discussions with
India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange
162 miniscule enclaves in both countries, allocate divided villages, and
stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists
through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence
off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint Bangladesh-India
boundary inspection in 2005 revealed 92 pillars are missing; dispute with
India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal
deters maritime boundary delimitation.
Party abbreviations: BAL = Bangladesh Awami League
(Bangladesh People's League, social-democratic; known as Bangladesh Peasants,
Workers, and People's League Jan-Aug 1975,
only legal party 5 Aug 1975 to 1979, former AL); BJD = Bangladesh
Jatiyatabadi Dal (Bengal Nationalist Party, conservative); JD =
Jatiyo Dal (National Party, authoritarian);
JIB = Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islam Conference Bangladesh,
islamist); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: AL = Awami League (later
BAL); KSP = Krishan Sramik Party; ML = Muslim League;
UF
= United Front
©2000 Ben Cahoon
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