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Cape Verde
 
[Portugal]
                  to 5 Jul 1975 
 
[Cape Verde 1967 colonial flag proposal]
          1967 (proposed colonial flag) 
 
[Cape Verde 1972-1992 flag]
              5 Jul 1975 - 22 Sep 1992
 
[Flag of Cape Verde]
                 Adopted 22 Sep 1992
 
Map of Cape Verde
Hear National Anthem
"Cântico da Liberdade"
(Song of Freedom)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 1996
(1975-96 same as Guinea-Bissau)
Constitution
(25 Sep 1992)
Capital: Praia
(1769-1974 Villa de Praia;
Cidade de Ribeira 1462-1769)
Currency: Cape Verdean
 Escudo (CVE) 
National Holiday: 5 Jul (1975)
Independence Day
 Population: 423,613 (2007)
GDP: $3.12 billion (2006)
Exports: $96.7 million (2006)
Imports: $495 million (2006)
Ethnic groups: Cape Verdian mestico 69.6%, Fulani 12.2%, Balanta
10%, Mandyako 4.6%, Portuguese white 2%, other 1.6% (2000)
Total Armed Forces: 1,200 (2003)
Merchant marine: 7 ships (2006)
Religions: Roman Catholic 91.4%, Muslim 2.8%,
Protestant  (mostly Church of the Nazarene) and
other 5.8% (2000)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, CPLP, CTBT, ECOWAS, ENMOD, FAO, G-77, IAEA (applicant), IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory),  ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Cape Verde
Chronology
1456                       Discovered by Portuguese Capt. Luigi da Cadamosto
                             and claimed for Portugal.
22 Jan 1462                First Portuguese settlements (Ribeira Grande, São
                             Antão, São Vincente, São Tiago, São Nicolau,
                             Maio, Bôa Vista, Sal, Fogo, and Brava).
1495                       Separate crown colonies (donátarias) known
                             as Dominion of Cape Verde.
1587                       Cape Verde Islands a united colony.
1879                       Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau) made a separate
                             colony.
11 Jun 1951                Portuguese overseas province.
19 Dec 1974                Autonomous (Republic of Cape Verde).
 5 Jul 1975                Independence from Portugal.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Secretaries-general of the African Independence Party of 
Guinea (-Bissau) and Cape Verde (PAIGC) 
1963 - 20 Jan 1973         Amílcar Lopes Cabral               (b. 1924 - d. 1973)
22 Jul 1973 - 1980         Aristides Maria Pereira            (b. 1923) 
Secretary of the African Party of Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV)
1980 - 22 Mar 1991         Aristides Maria Pereira            (s.a.) 
                           (renounces socialist one-party rule 17 Feb 1990)

Captains of Santiago (later Northern Santiago)
29 Jan 1462 - 1473         Diogo Afonso 
1473 - 1505                Rodrigo Afonso 
Captains of Riberia Grande (later Southern Santiago)
19 Sep 1462 - 1496         Antonio de Noli 
 8 Apr 1497 - ....         Branca de Aguiar (f)
1508 - 15..                Sebastião Alvares de Landim 
1515 - 151.                Fernão Mendes 
1517 - 15..                joão Alemão 
16 Aug 1536 - 15..         João Correia de Souza 
1544 - 15..                Antonio Correia de Souza 
1559 - 15..                Manuel de Andrade 
22 Dec 1562 - ....         Constantino de Bragança            (d. 1602)
Captains of Boa Vista
29 Oct 1497 -  3 Jan 1505  Rodrigo Afonso 
 3 Jan 1505 - 15..         Pero Correia 
15.. - 1542                Antonio Correia 
1542 - 15..                Maria Correia (f)
Captains of Alcatrazes
1484 - ....                João de Santarem 
1504 - 150.                Afonso Ribeiro 
1508 - 15..                Rodrigi Varela 
Captains of Praia
1526 - 1527                André Rodrigues dos Mosquitos 
1527 - 15..                Gomes Balieiro 
21 Jan 1570 - ....         Manuel Correia
Captains of Fogo
1528                       João de Meneses Vasconcellos, 
                             conde de Penela 
20 Apr 1528 - 15..         Afonso de Meneses, conde de Penela 
Captains of Sal, Santa Luzia and Brava Islands
22 Oct 1542 - 15..         Luis Pereira 
12 Jan 1553 - 15..         Martinho Pereira 
Captain of Santo Antão 
13 Jan 1548 - 15..         Gonçalo de Sousa 
Corregedor/Magistrates of the Islands of Cape Verde
1481 - ....                Pero Lourenço 
.... - 1517                Pero de Guimaraes 
1517 - 1521                João Alemão
1521 - 1527                Leonis Correia 
28 Aug 1527 - 1534         Gaspar Correia
1534 - 1536                Estevão de Lagos 
1536 - 1541                André Feio 
1539 - 1541                Simão Afonso 
1541 - 1544                Pero Moniz 
1544 - 1547                Antonio Ferreira 
1547 - 1550                Pero de Araujo 
1550 - 1556                Jorge Pimentel 
1556 - 1559                Manuel de Andrade
1559 - 1560                Luís Martins de Evangelho
1560 - 1562                Gregorio Martins Caminha 
1562 - 1571                Bernardo de Alpoim 
1571 - 1577                António Velho Tinoco
1577 - 1579                Cristovão Soares de Mello
1579 - 1584                Diogo Dias Magro
1584 - 1588                Gaspar de Andrade 
1588                       Amador Gomes Raposo 
Governors of Cape Verde
1588 - 1591                Duarte Lôbo da Gama
1591 - 1595                Brás Soares de Melo
1597 - 1603                Fancisco Lôbo da Gama
1603 - 1606                Fernão de Mesquita de Brito
1606 - 1611                Francisco Correia da Silva
1611 - 1614                Francisco Martins de Sequeira
1614 - 1618                Nicolau de Castilho
1618 - 1622                Francisco de Moura
1622                       Francisco de Moura Roulim          (b. 1580 - d. 1657)
1622 - 1624                Manuel Afonso de Guerra (acting)
1624 - 1628                Francisco Vasconcelos da Cunha
1628 - 1632                João Pereira Corte-Real
1632 - 1636                Cristóvão de Cabral
1636 - 1639                Jorge de Castilho
1639 - 1640                Jerónimo Cavalcanti de
                             Albuquerque
1640 - 1645                João Serrão da Cunha
1645 - 1646                Lourenço Garro
1646 - 1648                Jorge de Araújo
1648                       Roque de Barros Rêgo               (d. 1649)
1648 - 1649                Council of Government
12 Jun 1649 -  9 Oct 1650  Gonçalo de Gambôa Ayala
1650 - 1651                Pedro Semedo Cardoso
1651 - 1653                Jorge de Castilho
1653 - 1658                Pedro Feraz Barreto
1658 - 1663                Francisco de Figueroa
1663 - 1667                António Galvão
1667 - 1671                Manuel da Costa Pessôa             (b. c.1622 - d. 1686)
                             (1st time)
1671 - 1676                Manuel Pacheco de Melo
30 Apr 1676 - 1676         João Cardoso Pássaro
1676 - 1678                Council of Government
15 Mar 1678 - 1683         Manuel da Costa Pessôa             (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1681 - 1687                Inácio de França Barbosa
1687 - 1688                Veríssimo Carvalho da Costa
1688 - 1690                Vitoriano da Costa
1690 - 1691                Digo Ramires Esquivel
1691 - 1692                Council of Government
1692 - 1696                Manuel António Pinheiro da 
                             Câmara
1696 -  7 Jun 1696         António Gomes Mena
1696 - 1698                Council of Government
 4 Nov 1698 - 1702         António Salgado
10 Feb 1702 - 1702         Jorge Cotrim de Mello
12 Apr 1702 - 1707         Gonçalo de Lemos Mascarenhas
11 May 1707 - 1710         Rodrigo de Oliveira da Fonseca
12 Feb 1710 - 1715         José Pinheiro da Câmara
27 Mar 1715 - 20 Jun 1715  Manuel Pereira Calheiros e Araújo  (d. 1715)
16 Dec 1715 - 1719         Serafim Teixeira Sarmento de Sá    (b. 1672 - c. 17..)
 9 Apr 1719 - 1720         Baltazar de Sousa Coutinho
11 Mar 1720 -  4 Jan 1725  António Vieira                     (d. 1725)
24 Jan 1726 - 1728         Francisco Miguel da Nóbrega
                             Vasconcelos
10 Jul 1728 - 1733         Francisco de Oliveira Grans
1733 - 1737                Bento Gomes Coelho
 1 May 1736 -  7 Aug 1738  José da Fonseca Barbosa            (d. 1738)
1738 - 1741                Chamber Senate
10 Jun 1741 - 1751         João Zuzarte de Santa Maria
 6 Mar 1751 - 1751         António José d'Eça e Faria         (d. 1751)
1752 - 1756                Luís António da Cunha d'Eça
1756 - 1761                Manuel António de Sousa e Meneses
 5 Mar 1761 - 1761         Marcelino Pereira de Ávila
1761 - 1764                António de Barros Bezerra
1764 - 1766                Bartolomeu de Sousa de Brito Tigre
1766 - 1767                João Jácome Sanches Barena
                             Henriques                        (d. 1767)
25 Nov 1768 - 1777         Joaquim Salema Saldanha Lôbo       (d. 1777)
1777 - 1781                António do Vale de Sousa e Meneses
19 Feb 1781 - 1782         Duarte de Melo da Silva Castro de
                             Almeida
1782 - 1783                Francisco de São Simão (acting)
1783 - 1784                Council of Government
23 Aug 1784 - 1789         António Machado de Faria e Maia
 2 Apr 1789 - 1793         Francisco José Teixeira Carneiro
27 Sep 1793 - 10 Sep 1795  José da Silva Maldonado d'Eça      (d. 1795)
 3 Aug 1796 - 29 Nov 1802  Marcelino António Bastos           (d. 1802)
29 Nov 1802 - 1803         Council of Government
12 May 1803 - 1818         António Coutinho de Lencastre      (b. 1768 - d. 18..) 
 6 Feb 1818 - 1822         António Pussich                    (b. 1760 - d. 18..)
 9 May 1822 - 1826         João da Matta Chapuzet
 7 Sep 1826 - 1830         Caetano Procopio Godinho de        (b. 1774 - d. 18..) 
                             Vasconcellos e Sá 
1830 - 1831                Duarte da Costa e Sousa de Macedo  (b. 1793 - d. 18..)
1831 - 1833                José Coutinho de Lancastre 
1833 - 1835                Manuel António Martins             (d. 1835)
1835 - 1836                Joaquim Pereira Marinho (1st time)
1836 - 1837                Domingos Corrêia Arouca            (b. 1796 - d. 1861)
1837 - 1839                Joaquim Pereira Marinho (2nd time)
1839 - 1842                João Fontes Pereira de Melo        (b. 1780 - d. 1856)
                             (1st time)
 5 Apr 1842 - 1845         Francisco de Paula Bastos
26 Jun 1845 - 1847         José Miguel de Noronha
28 Jul 1847 - 1851         João Fontes Pereira de Melo        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
25 Jun 1851 - 1854         Fortunato José Barreiros           (b. 1797 - d. 1885)
 6 Apr 1854 - 1857         António Maria Barreiros Arrobas    (b. 1824 - d. 1888)
25 Nov 1857 - 1860         Sebastião Lopes de Calheiros e     (b. 1816 - d. 1899)
                             Meneses
1860                       Januário Correia de Almeida        (b. 1829 - d. 1901)
 6 Sep 1860 - 1864         Carlos Joaquim Franco
1864 - 1869                José Guedes de Carvalho da Costa   (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
                             Meneses
11 Feb 1869 - 1876         Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e     (b. 1824 - d. 1916) 
                             Albuquerque
1877                       G.C. Lopes de Macedo
1878                       Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
1879 - 1881                António de Nascimento Pereira de 
                             Sampaio
1882 - 1886                João Paes de Vasconcellos          (b. 1839 - d. 1895)
1887 - 1889                João Cesário de Lacerda (1st time)
1890                       Augusto Cesário Carlos de Carvalho
1891 - 1896                José Guedes Brandão de Melo        (b. 1854 - d. 1919)
1896 - 1897                Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de      (b. 1846 - d. 1900)
                             Serpa Pinto
1898 - 1900                João Cesário de Lacerda (2nd time)
1901 - 1902                Arnaldo de Novalis Guedes de Rebelo(b. 1847 - d. 19..)
1902 - 1903                Francisco de Paula Cid
1903 - 1904                António Alfredo Barjona de Freitas (b. 1860 - d. 1923)
1905 - 1907                Amâncio Alpoim Cerqueira Borges    (b. c.1860 - d. 1912)
                             Cabral
1907 - 1909                Bernardo António da Costa de Sousa (b. 1863 - d. 1947)
                             de Macedo 
1909 - 1910                Martinho Pinto de Queirós          (b. 1847 - d. 1919)
                             Montenegro
1910 - 1911                António de Abreu de Macedo         (b. 1876 - d. 1963)
                             Ramalho Ortigão
1911                       Artur Marinha de Campos
1911 - 1915                Joaquím Pedro Vieira Judice Biker  (b. 1867 - d. 1926)
1915 - 1918                Abel Fontoura da Costa             (b. 1896 - d. 1940)
1918 - 1919                Teófilo Duarte                     (b. 1898 - d. 1958)
1919 - 1921                Manuel Firmino de Almeida Maia     (b. 1881 - d. 1932)
                             Magalhães
1921 - 1922                Filipe Carlos Días de Carvalho     (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
1922 - 1924                ....
1924 - 1926                Julio Henríques d'Abreu
1927                       João de Almeida                    (b. 1873 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1931                António Álvares Guedes Vaz         (b. 1875 - d. 19..)
1931 - 1941                Amadeu Gomes de Figueiredo
1941 - 1943                José Diogo Ferreira Martins
1943 - 1949                João de Figueiredo
1950 - 1953                Carlos Alberto García Alves
                             Roçadas
1953 - 1957                Manuel Marques de Abrantes Amaral
1957 - 1958                António Augusto Peixoto Correia    (b. 1913)
                             (acting)
1958 - 1962                Silvino Silvério Marques           (b. 1918)
1963 - 1969                Leão Maria Tavares Rosado do       (b. 1920 - d. 2006) 
                             Sacramento Monteiro
13 Mar 1969 - 1974         António Adriano Faria Lopes dos    (b. 1917?)
                             Santos                      
 6 Aug 1974 - 21 Sep 1974  Henrique Afonso da Silva Horta     (b. 1920)
21 Sep 1974 - 30 Dec 1974  Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho
                             de Almeida d'Eça                 (b. 1918)
High Commissioner
30 Dec 1974 -  5 Jul 1975  Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho
                             de Almeida d'Eça                 (s.a.)
Presidents
 8 Jul 1975 - 22 Mar 1991  Aristides Maria Pereira            (s.a.)         PAIGC;1980 PAICV
22 Mar 1991 - 22 Mar 2001  António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes   (b. 1944)            MPD
                             Monteiro
22 Mar 2001 -              Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires       (b. 1934)            PAICV



Ruling Council
30 Dec 1974 -  5 Jul 1975  Carlos Reis
                           + Amaro Alexandre da Luz
                           + Manuel Faustino                                       PAIGC
Prime ministers
 8 Jul 1975 -  4 Apr 1991  Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires       (s.a.)         PAIGC;1980 PAICV
 4 Apr 1991 -  5 Oct 2000  Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho  (b. 1949)            MPD
                             Veiga 
29 Jul 2000 -  1 Feb 2001  António Gualberto do Rosário       (b. 1950)            MPD
                             (acting for Veiga to 5 Oct 2000) 
 1 Feb 2001 -              José Maria Pereira Neves           (b. 1960)            PAICV

Party abbreviations: MPD = Movimento para Democracia (Movement for Democracy, centrist);
PAICV = Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde (African Party of Independence of Cape Verde, socialist, only legal party 1980-1990);
- Former parties: PAIGC = Partido Africano da Independência de Guiné e Cabo Verde (African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde, marxist, to 1980 pro-union with Cape Verde; from 1980 Cape Verde branch known as PAICV, only legal party 1975-80) 



©2000  Ben Cahoon