Governments of Hawaii 1795-1900
 

1793 - 1815                                1815 - 1843                  25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843                          1843 - 20 May 1845      20 May 1845 - 17 Jan 1893; Re-adopted 4 Jul 1894                  17 Jan 1893 - 4 Jul 1894   Map of Hawaii Hear National Anthem "Hawai`i Pono`i " (Hawaii's Own) Text of National Anthem (1879-1893) Constitutions (1840, 1852, 1864, 1887) Capital: Honolulu (Lahaina 1802-1845; Kamakahonu 1795-1802) Currency 1847-1899: Hawaiian Dollar (HWD) National Holiday: N/A Population: 150,000 (1900 est.) 89,990 (1890) GDP: $N/A Exports: $ N/A Imports: $ N/A Total Armed Forces: 76 (1892); 476 (1896) International Organizations/Treaties: UPU Hawaii Chronology 1795                       Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands (also                               officially styled Hawaiian Kingdom). 25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843  Provisionally ceded to Britain                               (Sandwich Islands)(not recognized by U.K.). 17 Jan 1893                Hawaiian Islands (provisional)  1 Feb 1893 -  8 Dec 1893  U.S. protectorate declared (then revoked).  4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900  Republic of Hawaii 12 Aug 1898                Annexed by the U.S. 14 Jun 1900                Territory of Hawaii 21 Aug 1959                U.S. State

Kings¹
1795 -  8 May 1819         Kamehameha I "the Great"           (b. 1758? - d. 1819)
20 May 1819 - 14 Jul 1824  Kamehameha II                      (b. 1797 - d. 1824)
14 Jul 1824 -  6 May 1825  Queen Elisabeta Kaahumanu -Regent  (b. 1772? - d. 1832)
                            (regent [for Kamehameha II from 1823;
                             for Kamehameha III to 5 Jun 1832])
 6 May 1825 - 15 Dec 1854  Kamehameha III                     (b. 1814 - d. 1854)
Jun 1832 - Mar 1833        Kinau (Kaahumanu II) (f) -Regent   (b. 1805 - d. 1839)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul 1843  Lord George Paulet -U.K. Commander (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
25 Feb 1843 - 31 Jul l843  Kekauluohi (f) - Regent            (b. 1794 - d. 1845)
15 Dec 1854 - 30 Nov 1863  Kamehameha IV                      (b. 1834 - d. 1863)
30 Nov 1863                Princess Victoria Kamamalu -Regent (b. 1838 - d. 1866)
30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872  Kamehameha V                       (b. 1830 - d. 1872)
11 Dec 1872 -  9 Jan 1873  Executive Ministry
                           - Ferdinand William Hutchison      (b. 1819 - d. 1893)
                           - Robert Stirling (1st time)
                           - Stephen Henry Phillips           (b. 1823 - d. 1897)
 9 Jan 1873 -  3 Feb 1874  William Charles Lunalilo           (b. 1835 - d. 1874)
 3 Feb 1874 - 13 Feb 1874  Executive Ministry
                           - Edwin Oscar Hall                 (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
                           - Charles Reed Bishop              (b. 1822 - d. 1915)
                           - Robert Stirling (2nd time)
                           - Albert Francis Judd              (b. 1838 - d. 1900)
13 Feb 1874 - 20 Jan 1891  David Kalakaua                     (b. 1836 - d. 1891)
Queen¹
20 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893  Liliuokalani                       (b. 1838 - d. 1917) 
                            (regent to 29 Jan 1891; abdicates 24 Jan 1895
Chairman of the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety
14 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Henry Ernest Cooper (in rebellion) (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Provisional Government
17 Jan 1893 - 15 Feb 1893  Sanford Ballard Dole               (b. 1844 - d. 1926)
President of the Provisional Government
15 Feb 1893 -  4 Jul 1894  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)
President
 4 Jul 1894 - 14 Jun 1900  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)

Kuhina Nui (Premiers)²
1819 -  5 Jun 1832         Elisabeta Kaahumanu (f)            (s.a.)
 5 Jun 1832 -  4 Apr 1839  Kinau (Kaahumanu II) (f)           (s.a.)
 5 Apr 1839 -  7 Jun 1845  Kekauluohi (Kaahumanu III) (f)     (s.a.)
10 Jun 1845 - 16 Jan 1855  John Kaleipahala Young II          (b. c.1810 - d. 1857)
                             (Keoni Ana Opio)
16 Jan 1855 - 21 Dec 1863  Victoria Kamamalu (f)(Kaahumanu IV)(s.a.)
1863 - 24 Aug 1864         Mataio Kekuanaoa                   (b. 1791 - d. 1868)

Ministers of Finance (de facto Chief ministers from 1864)
10 May 1842 -  6 Sep 1849  Gerrit Parmele Judd (1st time)     (b. 1803 - d. 1873)
                             (to 15 May 1842, president of Treasury Board)
 6 Sep 1849 - 26 Sep 1850  Edwin Oscar Hall (acting)          (s.a.)
26 Sep 1850 -  6 Sep 1853  Gerrit Parmele Judd (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 6 Sep 1853 - 11 Jun 1857  Elisha Hunt Allen                  (b. 1804 - d. 1883) 
11 Jun 1857 - 26 May 1858  Robert Crichton Wyllie (1st time)  (b. 1798 - d. 1865)
26 May 1858 - 18 Aug 1862  David Lawrence Greg                (b. 1814? - d. 1868)
18 Aug 1862 -  5 Nov 1863  Robert Crichton Wyllie (2nd time)  (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1863 - 24 Dec 1863  C.G. Hopkins
24 Dec 1863 - 21 Dec 1865  Charles de Varigny                 (b. 1829 - d. 1899)
21 Dec 1865 - 21 Dec 1869  Charles Coffin Harris              (b. 1822 - d. 1881)
21 Dec 1869 - 25 Aug 1872  James Mott Smith (1st time)        (b. 1824 - d. 1895)
10 Sep 1872 - 17 Feb 1874  Robert Stirling
17 Feb 1874 - 31 Oct 1874  Paul Nahaolelua                    (b. 1806 - d. 1875) 
31 Oct 1874 –  5 Dec 1876  J.S. Walker (1st time)
 5 Dec 1876 -  3 Jul 1878  John Makini Kapena (1st time)      (b. 1842 - d. 1884)
 3 Jul 1878 - 14 Aug 1880  Simon K. Kaai (1st time)           (b. c.1818 - d. c.1868)
14 Aug 1880 - 27 Sep 1880  M. Kuaea
27 Sep 1880 - 20 May 1882  J.S. Walker (2nd time)
20 May 1882 -  8 Aug 1882  J.E. Bush
 8 Aug 1882 - 13 Feb 1883  Simon K. Kaai (2nd time)           (s.a.)
13 Feb 1883 -  1 Sep 1885  John Makini Kapena (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1885 - 30 Jun 1886  Charles Thomas Gulick (interim)    (b. 1841 - d. ....)
30 Jun 1886 -  1 Jul 1887  Paul P. Kanoa 
 1 Jul 1887 - 22 Jul 1889  Godfrey Brown (1st time)
22 Jul 1889 - 17 Jun 1890  Samuel Mills Damon (1st time)      (b. 1845 - d. 1924)
17 Jul 1890 - 25 Feb 1891  Godfrey Brown (2nd time)
25 Feb 1891 - 10 Mar 1891  Hermann A. Wideman (1st time)
10 Mar 1891 - 28 Jun 1891  Samuel Parker (acting)(1st time)
28 Jul 1892 - 17 Oct 1891  James Mott Smith (2nd time)        (s.a.)
17 Oct 1891 - 28 Jan 1892  Samuel Parker (acting)(2nd time) 
28 Jul 1892 - 12 Sep 1892  Hermann A. Wideman (2nd time)
12 Sep 1892 -  1 Nov 1892  E.C. Macfarlane
 1 Nov 1892 -  8 Nov 1892  William M. Cornwell (1st time)
 8 Nov 1892 - 13 Jan 1893  Peter Cushman Jones (1st time)     (b. 1837 - d. 1922) 
13 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  William M. Cornwell (2nd time)
17 Jan 1893 - 15 Mar 1893  Peter Cushman Jones (2nd time)     (s.a.)
15 Mar 1893 - 29 May 1893  T.C. Porter
29 May 1893 -  3 Jun 1896  Samuel Mills Damon (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 3 Jun 1896 -  1 Jul 1896  James A. King (interim)
 1 Jul 1896 -  5 May 1897  Samuel Mills Damon (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 5 May 1897 - 12 Sep 1897  Henry Ernest Cooper (interim)      (s.a.) 
12 Sep 1897 - 11 Aug 1897  Theodore F. Lansing
11 Aug 1897 - 14 Jun 1900  Samuel Mills Damon (4th time)      (s.a.)

Ministers of Foreign Affairs
 2 Nov 1843 - 26 Mar 1845  Gerrit Parmele Judd                (s.a.)
26 Mar 1845 - 19 Dec 1865  Robert Crichton Wyllie             (b. 1798 - d. 1865)
21 Dec 1865 - Nov 1869     Charles de Varigny                 (s.a.)
                             (returned to France Jul 1868)
21 Dec 1869 - 10 Sep 1872  Charles Coffin Harris              (s.a.)
10 Sep 1872 - 10 Jan 1873  Ferdinand William Hutchison        (s.a.)
10 Jan 1873 - 17 Feb 1874  Charles Reed Bishop                (s.a.)
17 Feb 1874 -  5 Dec 1876  William Lowthian Green (1st time)  (b. 1819 - d. 1890)
 5 Dec 1876 -  1 Mar 1878  Henry A.P. Carter                  (d. 1880)
 1 Mar 1878 -  3 Jul 1878  Henry Augustus Peirce              (b. 1808 - d. 1885) 
 3 Jul 1878 - 14 Aug 1880  John Makini Kapena                 (s.a.)
14 Aug 1880 - 19 Aug 1880  Celso Caesar Moreno
19 Aug 1880 - 22 Sep 1880  John E. Bush (interim)
22 Sep 1880 - 20 May 1882  William Lowthian Green (2nd time)  (s.a.)
20 May 1882 - 30 Jun 1886  Walter Murray Gibson (1st time)    (b. 1822 - d. 1891)
30 Jun 1886 - 13 Oct 1886  R.J. Creighton
13 Oct 1886 -  1 Jul 1887  Walter Murray Gibson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1887 - 28 Dec 1887  William Lowthian Green (3rd time)  (s.a.) 
28 Dec 1887 - 17 Jun 1890  Jonathan "Jona" Austin 
17 Jun 1890 - 25 Feb 1891  John Adam Cummins
25 Feb 1891 -  1 Nov 1892  Samuel Parker (1st time)
 1 Nov 1892 -  8 Nov 1892  Joseph Nawahi                      (b. 1842 - d. 1896)
 8 Nov 1892 - 13 Jan 1893  Mark P. Robinson
13 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Samuel Parker (2nd time)
17 Jan 1893 -  4 Jul 1894  Sanford Ballard Dole               (s.a.)
 4 Jul 1894 -  6 Nov 1895  Francis March Hatch
 6 Nov 1895 - 28 Oct 1896  Henry Ernest Cooper (1st time)     (s.a.)
28 Oct 1896 - 26 Dec 1896  William Owen Smith (interim)
26 Dec 1896 - 17 Apr 1897  Henry Ernest Cooper (2nd time)     (s.a.)
17 Apr 1897 - 28 Apr 1897  Samuel Mills Damon                 (b. 1845 - d. 1924) 
28 Apr 1897 - 1899         Henry Ernest Cooper (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1899 - 14 Jun 1900         Ernest A. Mott-Smith 

Attorneys General
 9 Mar 1844 - 17 May 1847  John Ricord                        (b. 1812 - d. 1861)
17 May 1847 - 24 Dec 1863  None
24 Dec 1863 - 12 Sep 1866  Charles Coffin Harris              (s.a.)
12 Sep 1866 - 10 Jan 1873  Stephen Henry Phillips             (s.a.)
10 Jan 1873 - 28 May 1874  Alfred Stedman Hartwell (1st time) (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
28 May 1874 -  5 Nov 1875  Richard Henry Stanley              (b. c.1825 - d. 1875)
 5 Nov 1875 - 15 Feb 1876  J.S. Walker (interim)(1st time)
15 Feb 1876 -  5 Dec 1876  W.R. Castle
 5 Dec 1876 -  3 Jul 1878  Alfred Stedman Hartwell (2nd time) (s.a.)
 3 Jul 1878 - 14 Aug 1880  Edward Preston (1st time)
14 Aug 1880 - 27 Sep 1880  W. Claude Jones
27 Sep 1880 - 29 Nov 1880  J.S. Walker (interim)(2nd time)
29 Nov 1880 - 17 Jan 1881  William Nevins Armstrong (1st time)
17 Jan 1881 -  5 Nov 1881  Henry A.P. Carter                  (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1881 - 20 May 1882  William Nevins Armstrong (2nd time)
                             (from 4 Dec 1881, interim)
20 May 1882 -  9 May 1883  Edward Preston (2nd time)
14 May 1883 - 14 Dec 1883  Walter Murray Gibson (acting)      (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
14 Dec 1883 - 18 Sep 1884  Paul Neumann
18 Sep 1884 - 30 Jun 1886  Walter Murray Gibson (acting)      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
30 Jun 1886 - 13 Oct 1886  John T. Dare
13 Oct 1886 - 22 Oct 1886  John Lot Kaulukou
22 Oct 1886 - 15 Nov 1886  Luther Aholo (interim)             (b. 1833 - d. 1888)
15 Nov 1886 -  1 Jul 1887  A. Rosa
 1 Jul 1887 - 17 Jun 1890  C.W. Ashford
17 Jun 1890 - 25 Feb 1891  Arthur P. Peterson (1st time)
25 Feb 1891 - 27 Jul 1892  W.A. Whiting
27 Jul 1892 - 29 Aug 1892  Hermann A. Widemann (interim)      (b. 1833 - d. ....)
29 Aug 1892 -  1 Nov 1892  Paul Neumann
 1 Nov 1892 -  8 Nov 1892  Charles Creighton
 8 Nov 1892 - 13 Jan 1893  Cecil Brown
13 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  Arthur P. Peterson (2nd time)
17 Jan 1893 - 25 Oct 1895  William Owen Smith (1st time)
25 Oct 1895 -  6 Nov 1895  Francis March Hatch (interim)
 6 Nov 1895 - 13 Dec 1895  Henry Ernest Cooper (1st time)     (s.a.)
                             (interim)
13 Dec 1895 - 10 Feb 1897  William Owen Smith (2nd time)
10 Feb 1897 - 11 Apr 1897  Henry Ernest Cooper (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (interim)
11 Apr 1897 - 1899         William Owen Smith (3rd time)
1899 - 14 Jun 1900         Henry Ernest Cooper (3rd time)     (s.a.)

Ministers of the Interior
30 Mar 1845 -  4 Mar 1846  Gerrit Parmele Judd                (s.a.)
 4 Mar 1846 -  6 Jun 1857  John Young II                      (s.a.)
 6 Jun 1857 - 24 Dec 1863  Lot Kamehameha (Kamehameha V)      (s.a.)
24 Dec 1863 - 18 Feb 1864  G.M. Robertson
18 Feb 1864 - 26 Apr 1865  C.G. Hopkins
26 Apr 1865 - 10 Jan 1873  Ferdinand William Hutchison        (s.a.)
10 Jan 1873 - 17 Feb 1874  Edwin Oscar Hall                   (s.a.)
17 Feb 1874 - 28 May 1874  Hermann A. Widemann                (s.a.)
28 May 1874 - 31 Oct 1874  William Lowthian Green (interim)   (s.a.)
31 Oct 1874 -  5 Dec 1876  William Luther Moehonua            (b. 1824 - d. 1878)
 5 Dec 1876 -  3 Jul 1878  John Mott Smith                    (s.a.)
 3 Jul 1878 - 14 Aug 1880  Samuel Gardner Wilder              (b. 1831 - d. 1888)
14 Aug 1880 - 27 Sep 1880  John E. Bush (1st time)
27 Sep 1880 - 20 May 1882  Henry A.P. Carter                  (s.a.)
20 May 1882 -  8 Aug 1882  Simon K. Kaai                      (s.a.)
 8 Aug 1882 - 14 May 1883  John E. Bush (2nd time)
14 May 1883 -  6 Aug 1883  Walter Murray Gibson (1st time)    (s.a.)
                             (from 26 Jul 1883, interim)
 6 Aug 1883 - 30 Jun 1886  Charles Thomas Gulick (1st time)   (s.a.)
30 Jun 1886 - 13 Oct 1886  Walter Murray Gibson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
13 Oct 1886 -  1 Jul 1887  Luther Aholo                       (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1887 - 27 Sep 1888  Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1st time) (b. 1858 - d. 1931)
27 Sep 1888 - 27 Oct 1888  Jonathan "Jona" Austin (interim) 
27 Oct 1888 - 17 Jun 1890  Lorrin Andrews Thurston (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jun 1890 - 12 Sep 1892  Charles N. Spencer
12 Sep 1892 -  8 Nov 1892  Charles Thomas Gulick (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 8 Nov 1892 - 13 Jan 1893  George Norton Wilcox               (b. 1839 - d. 1933)
13 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893  John F. Colburn
17 Jan 1893 -  4 Mar 1898  James A. King (1st time)
 4 Mar 1898 -  2 May 1898  Henry Ernest Cooper (1st time)     (s.a.)
                             (interim)
 2 May 1898 -  5 May 1898  James A. King (2nd time)
 5 May 1898 -  1 Jul 1898  Henry Ernest Cooper (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (interim)
 1 Jul 1898 - 1900         James A. King (3rd time)
1900 - 14 Jun 1900         Henry Ernest Cooper (3rd time)     (s.a.)
                             (interim)

Ministers of Public Instruction
 6 Dec 1847 -  1 Jul 1855  Richard Armstrong                  (b. 1805 - d. 1860)
 1 Jul 1855 - 1896         Post abolished
Jul 1896 - Mar 1899        Henry Ernest Cooper                (s.a.)
1899 - 14 Jun 1900         Ernest A. Mott-Smith 

Surveyor-general
1870 - 14 Jun 1900         William DeWitt Alexander           (b. 1833 - d. 1913)

Postmaster Generals
1856 - 14 Aug 1859         Joseph Jackson                     (d. 1859)
                             (Honolulu Postmaster to 1859)
27 Aug 1859 - 30 Jun 1863  Alvah K. Clark
1863 - 18 Mar 1865         David Kalakaua                     (s.a.)
18 Mar 1865 - 1881         Arthur P. Brickwood
1881 - 13 Feb 1883         John Makini Kapena                 (s.a.)
16 Feb 1883 - 15 Apr 1886  Henry Whitney
15 Apr 1886 - 31 Jul 1886  John Lot Kaulukou
31 Jul 1886 - 15 Oct 1886  Luther Aholo                       (s.a.)
15 Oct 1886 -  2 May 1891  Fred Wundenberg
1891 -  1 Apr 1893         Walter Hill
 1 Apr 1893 - 14 Jun 1900  Joseph M. Oat

Chief Judge of the Supreme Court
1842 - 1848                Kamehameha III                     (s.a.)
Chief Justice of the Superior Court
15 Jan 1848 - 14 Jun 1852  William Little Lee                 (b. 1828 - d. 1857)
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court
14 Jun 1852 - 28 May 1857  William Little Lee                 (s.a.)
11 Jun 1857 -  1 Feb 1877  Elisha Hunt Allen                  (s.a.) 
 1 Feb 1877 -  2 Jul 1881  Charles Coffin Harris              (s.a.)
 5 Nov 1881 - 20 May 1900  Albert Francis Judd                (b. 1838 - d. 1900)
20 May 1900 - 14 Jun 1900  Walter Francis Frear (acting)      (b. 1863 - d. 1948)

 ¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) 1810 -  14 Jun 1852: Ali‘i Nui ("King"). The traditional style of the rulers of the major Hawaiian polities is Ali‘i Nui, literally "Great Chief." This style is adopted in the Hawaiian-language text of the Constitution of 6 Oct 1840. The English-language text uses the style "King";
(b) 14 Jun 1852 -  6 Jul 1887: Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(c) 30 Nov 1863 - 11 Dec 1872 in some documents: Ma ka Lokomaika‘i o ke Akua, Ke Ali‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("by the grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(d)  6 Jul 1887 - 29 Jan 1891: Mo‘i o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("King of the Hawaiian Islands");
(e) 29 Jan 1891 - 17 Jan 1893: Mo‘i Wahine o ko Hawai‘i Pae ‘Aina ("Queen of the Hawaiian Islands").

  ²The Hawaiian office most commonly translated as that of 'Prime minister' is Kuhina nui. The office was created in 1819 upon the death of Kamehameha I. Kamehameha's favorite wife, Ka‘ahumanu, reported that it was the King's wish that she become in effect the co-sovereign along with the King's young son. In her position as Kuhina nui she ruled the Kingdom until Kamehameha II came to majority and then for the remainder of her life. The Kuhina nui's power was greater than that of a prime minister in the western sense. The Constitution of 1864 abolished the office of Kuhina nui returning the power held by the Kuhina nui back to the 
monarch.