Guam
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![[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif "[Spanish War
Ensign (1785-1931)]")
- to 21 Jun 1898
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-
![[US flag]](us.gif "[US flag]")
- 21 Jun 1898 - 10
Dec 1941;
- from 21 Jul 1944
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-
![[Japan]](jp.gif "[Japan]")
- 10 Dec 1941 - 10
Aug 1944
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![[Guam
flag 1917-1948 (U.S.)]](gm1934.gif "[Guam
flag 1917-1948 (U.S.)]")
- 4 Jul 1917 - 10
Dec 1941;
- 10 Aug 1944 - 9 Feb
1948
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-
![[Flag of
Guam (U.S.)]](gu.gif "[Flag of Guam
(U.S.)]")
- Adopted 9 Feb 1948
-
|
|
| Map
of Guam |
Hear National Anthem
"The Star Spangled
Banner" |
Hear Local Anthem
"Fanohge Chamoru"
(Stand Ye Guamanians)
Adopted 2 May 1952
(Written 1919; Chamorro
lyrics from 1974) |
Guam
Organic Act
(1 Aug 1950)
--------------------------
U.S.
Constitution |
Capital:
Hagatña
(Agana 1898 - 25 Mar 1998;
Akashi-shi
1941-1944;
San Ignacio de Agadña
1668-1898)
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Currency:
US Dollar (USD);
1941-44 Japanese Military
Yen (XJPM)
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National
Holiday: 4 Jul (1776)
U.S. Independence
Day
-------------------------------------
Local
Holiday: 21
Jul (1944)
Liberation Day
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Population:
153,836 (2020)
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GDP: $6.3
billion (2019)
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Exports:
$19.2 million (2017)
Imports: $1.11
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Chamorro 37.3%, Filipino 26.3%, white
7.1%,
Chuukese 7%, Korean 2.2%, other
Pacific Islander 2%,
other Asian 2%, Chinese 1.6%, Palauan
1.6%, Japanese 1.5%,
Pohnpeian 1.4%, mixed 9.4%, other 0.6%
(2010)
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Total Active
Armed Forces: 6,071 (2018)
Police Force: 325 (2016)
Defense is the
Responsibility of the U.S.
Merchant marine:
3 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 72%, Protestant 12%,
nonreligious/other 16%
(2005)
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| International
Organizations/Treaties:
AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau),
IOC, PC, PIF (observer), UNPO, UPU |
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Guam
Index
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Chronology
6 Mar
1521
Discovered by Ferdinand Magellan and
claimed for
Spain as part of Las Islas de Los
Ladrones.
22 Jan
1565
Guam reclaimed as a Spanish possession
by
Miguel López de Legazpi.
16 Jun
1668
Spanish colony of Islas de las
Marianas;
subordinated New Spain (see Mexico) to
1817.
1817 - 1899
Subordinated to the Philippines.
21 Jun
1898
U.S. territory (Guam).
21 Jun 1898 - 30 Jun
1950 Administered by U.S. Navy
(interrupted 1941-1944).
10 Dec 1941 - 10 Aug
1944 Japanese occupation
(renamed Ōmiyatō ["Island of the
Imperial Court"]; Guam-to
was also in use).
10 Aug 1944 - 30 May
1946 U.S. military occupation
(invasion begun on 21 Jul).
1 Jul 1950
Administered by U.S. Department of
Interior.
4 Nov 1969
Guam votes 58% against
reintegration with Northern
Marianas.
4 Sep
1976
Status referendum votes 58% for
status quo with
improvements, statehood 24%, status
quo 9%, and
independence 6%.
4 Aug
1979
Referendum votes 81.8% to 18.2%
against a Territory
of
Guam Constitution.
30 Jan
1982
Status referendum results in a
plurality for
commonwealth 49%, with statehood 26%,
status quo
10%,
free association 4%, and independence
4% (a
4 Sep 1982 runoff chose commonwealth
72.8% over
statehood 27.2% as the preferred
status).
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Hagatna
(Agana)
Mayors
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Governors
16 Jun 1668 - 2 Apr 1672 Padre Diego Luís
de San Vitores (b. 1627 - d. 1672)
2 Apr 1672 - 13 Jun 1672 Francisco Solano
(d. 1672)
13 Jun 1672 - 2 Feb 1674 Francisco Ezquerra
(d. 1674)
2 Feb 1674 - 16 Jun 1674 Pierre Coomans
(d. 1684)
Military commanders
16 Jun 1668 - 2 May 1672 Juan de Santa
Cruz
2 May 1672 - 16 Jun 1674 Juan de
Santiago
Governors (of the Mariana Islands)
16 Jun 1674 - 10 Jun 1676 Damián de Esplana (1st
time) (d. 1694)
10 Jun 1676 - 21 Jun 1678 Francisco de Irisarri y
Vivar
(acting)
21 Jun 1678 - 5 Jun 1680 Juan Antonio de
Salas
5 Jun 1680 - 15 Jun 1681 José de Quiroga y
Losada (1st time)(b. 1636 - d. 1720)
(acting)
15 Jun 1681 - 3 Nov 1683 Antonio de Saravia
(d. 1683)
3 Nov 1683 - Feb 1686 Damián
de Esplana (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1686 - Sep 1689 José de
Quiroga y Losada (2nd time)(s.a.)
Sep 1689 - 16 Aug 1694 Damián
de Esplana (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1694 - 26 Jul 1696 José de Quiroga y
Losada (3rd time)(s.a.)
26 Jul 1696 - 15 Sep 1700 José Madrazo (interim)
15 Sep 1700 - 1 Sep 1704 Francisco Medrano
y Asiain
(interim)
1 Sep 1704 - 1706
Antonio Villamor y Vadillo
(interim)
1706 - 1 Sep 1709
Manuel Argüelles y Valdés
(1st
time)(acting)
1 Sep 1709 - 21 Nov 1720 Juan Antonio
Pimentel
(b. 1644? - d. 17..)
21 Nov 1720 - 4 Apr 1725 Luis Antonio
Sánchez de Tagle
4 Apr 1725 - 28 Sep 1725 Juan de Ojeda
(acting)
28 Sep 1725 - 12 Feb 1730 Manuel Argüelles y
Valdés
(2nd time)
12 Feb 1730 - 1 Nov 1730 Pedro Lasso de la
Vega
1 Nov 1730 - 25 Aug 1734 Diego Félix de
Balboa (interim)
25 Aug 1734 - 2 Apr 1740 Francisco
Cárdenas
Pacheco
(d. 1740)
2 Apr 1740 - 21 Sep 1746 Miguel Fernández
de Cárdenas
21 Sep 1746 - 8 Sep 1749 Domingo Gómez de
la Sierra
8 Sep 1749 - 6 Nov 1756 Enrique de
Olavide y Michelena
(1st time)
6 Nov 1756 - 20 Nov 1759 Andrés del Barrio
y Rábago
20 Nov 1759 - 9 Jun 1768 José de Soroa y
Lorca
9 Jun 1768 - 15 Sep 1771 Enrique de
Olavide y Michelena
(2nd time)
15 Sep 1771 - 15 Jun 1774 Mariano Tobías
(d. 1794)
15 Jun 1774 - 6 Jun 1776 Antonio Apodaca
(interim)
6 Jun 1776 - 21 Aug 1786 Felipe de Ceraín
21 Aug 1786 - 2 Sep 1794 José Arleguí
y Leóz
(b. 1741/42 - d. ....)
2 Sep 1794 - 12 Jan 1802 Manuel Muro
(b. c.1750 - d. 18..)
12 Jan 1802 - 18 Oct 1806 Vicente Blanco
18 Oct 1806 - 26 Jul 1812 Alejandro Parreño
26 Jul 1812 - 15 Aug 1822 José de Medinilla y
Pineda
(1st time)
15 Aug 1822 - 15 May 1823 José Montilla
(interim)
15 May 1823 - 1 Aug 1826 José Ganga
Herrero
1 Aug 1826 - 26 Sep 1831 José de Medinilla
y Pineda
(2nd time)
26 Sep 1831 - 1 Oct 1837 Francisco Ramón
de Villalobos (b. 1796 - d.
1862)
1 Oct 1837 - 1 Oct 1843 José
Casillas
Salazar
(d. 1884)
1 Oct 1843 - 4 Apr 1848 Gregorio
Santa
Maria
(d. 1848)
7 Apr 1848 - 8 Sep 1848 Félix Calvo
y Noriega (acting)
8 Sep 1848 - 16 May 1855 Pablo Pérez
16 May 1855 - 28 Jan 1866 Felipe María de la
Corte y Ruano (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
Calderón
28 Jan 1866 - 17 Aug 1871 Francisco Moscoso y
Lara
17 Aug 1871 - 24 Mar 1873 Luis de Ibáñez y
García
24 Mar 1873 - 14 Jan 1875 Eduardo Beaumont y
Calafat (b. 1827 - d. 1885)
14 Jan 1875 - 15 Aug 1880 Manuel Bravo y Barrera
15 Aug 1880 - 18 Mar 1884 Francisco Brochero y
Parreño
18 Mar 1884 - 3 Aug 1884 Ángel
de Pazos y Vela Hidalgo (b. 1831 -
d. 1884)
3 Aug 1884 - 1 Nov 1884 Antonio
Borredá y Alares (acting)
1 Nov 1884 - 22 Jul 1885 Francisco Olive y
García
22 Jul 1885 - 21 Apr 1890 Enrique Solano
Llanderal
(b. 1848 - d. 1906)
21 Apr 1890 - 14 Aug 1891 Joaquín Vara de Rey y
Rubio (b. 1841 - d.
1898)
14 Aug 1891 - 23 Aug 1892 Luis Santos
Fontordera
(b. 1850 - d. 1911)
23 Aug 1892 - 1 Sep 1893 Vicente Gómez
Hernández
(d. 1893)
1 Sep 1893 - 31 Oct 1893 Juan Godoy del
Castillo (acting)
31 Oct 1893 - 24 Dec 1895 Emilio Galisteo y
Brunenque
24 Dec 1895 - 15 Feb 1897 Jacobo Marina Vega
(b. 1847 - d. 19..)
15 Feb 1897 - 17 Apr 1897 Ángel Nieto y de
Molina
de (b.
1859 - d. 1904)
Esquinas (acting)
17 Apr 1897 - 21 Jun 1898 Juan Marina y Vega
(b. 1846 - d. 1909)
Commissioners
21 Jun 1898 - Jun 1898 Henry
Glass (U.S. Naval commander) (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
23 Jun
1898
Francisco Portusach
Martínez (b. 1864 -
d. 1919)
(acting)
23 Jun 1898 - 31 Dec 1898 José Sixto (Sisto) y
Rodríguez (b. 1862? - d. 19..)
(1st time) (acting)
31 Dec 1898 - 1 Jan 1899 Venancio Roberto
(acting)
1 Jan 1899 - 23 Jan 1899 José Sixto (Sisto)
y Rodríguez (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
23 Jan 1899 - 1 Feb 1899 Edward David
Taussig (acting) (b. 1847
- d. 1921)
1 Feb 1899 - 20 Apr 1899 Joaquín Pérez y
Cruz (acting) (b. 1860? - d. c.1939)
Governors
20 Apr 1899 - 7 Aug 1899 William Pritchard
Coe (acting) (b. 1857 - d. 1909)
7 Aug 1899 - 30 Aug 1899 Louis A. Kaiser
(acting) (b. 1870 -
d. 1939)
30 Aug 1899 -
1900
Richard Phillips
Leary
(b. 1842 - d. 1901)
30 Aug 1899 -
1900
William Edwin
Safford
(b. 1859 - d. 1926)
(acting for Leary)
19 Jul 1900 -
1901
Seaton Schroeder (1st
time) (b. 1849
- d. 1922)
11 Aug 1901 - 1 Nov 1901 William Swift
(b. 1848 - d. 1919)
2 Nov 1901 - 6 Feb 1903 Seaton
Schroeder (2nd
time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1903 - 11 Jan 1904 William Elbridge
Sewell (b. 1851
- d. 1904)
11 Jan 1904 - 28 Jan 1904 Frank H. Schofield
(acting) (b. 1869 - d.
1942)
28 Jan 1904 - 16 May 1904 Raymond Stone (acting)
(b. 1873 - d.
1956)
16 May 1904 - 2 Nov 1905 George Leland
Dyer
(b. 1849 - d. 1914)
2 Nov 1905 - 3 Dec 1906 Luke McNamee
(1st time)(acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1951)
3 Dec 1906 - 3 Oct 1907 Templin
Morris Potts
(b. 1855 - d. 1927)
3 Oct 1907 - 28 Dec 1907 Luke McNamee (2nd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
28 Dec 1907 - 5 Nov 1910 Edward John Dorn
(b. 1854 - d. 1937)
5 Nov 1910 - 21 Jan 1911 Frank Barrows
Freyer (acting) (b. 1878 -
d. 1930)
21 Jan 1911 - 30 Jan 1912 George Robert
Salisbury (b.
1855 - d. 1950)
30 Jan 1912 - 23 Sep 1913 Robert Edward
Coontz
(b. 1864 - d. 1935)
23 Sep 1913 - 28 Mar 1914 Alfred Walton Hinds
(acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1957)
28 Mar 1914 - 29 Apr 1916 William John
Maxwell
(b. 1859 - d. 1934)
29 Apr 1916 - 8 May 1916 William Pigott
Cronan (acting) (b. 1879 - d. 1929)
8 May 1916 - 30 May 1916 Edward E. Simpson
(acting)
30 May 1916 - 15 Nov 1918 Roy Campbell Smith
(b. 1858 - d. 1940)
15 Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1919 William Wirt Gilmer
(1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1955)
22 Nov 1919 - 21 Dec 1919 William Adams Hodgman
(acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1967)
21 Dec 1919 - 7 Jul 1920 William Wirt
Gilmer (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jul 1920 - 27 Feb 1921 Ivan Cyrus
Wettengel
(b. 1876 - d. 1935)
27 Feb 1921 - 7 Feb 1922 James Sutherland
Spore (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1937)
7 Feb 1922 - 8 Dec 1922 Adelbert
Althouse (1st time) (b. 1869 - d.
1954)
8 Dec 1922 - 14 Dec 1922 John Paul Miller
(acting)
14 Dec 1922 - 4 Aug 1923 Adelbert Althouse
(2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Aug 1923 - 26 Aug 1924 Henry Bertrand
Price
(b. 1869 - d. 1941)
26 Aug 1924 - 7 Apr 1926 Alfred Winsor
Brown (acting) (b. 1885 -
d. 1938)
7 Apr 1926 - 11 Jun 1929 Lloyd Stowell
Shapley
(b. 1875 - d. 1969)
11 Jun 1929 - 15 May 1931 Willis Winter
Bradley
(b. 1884 - d. 1954)
15 May 1931 - 21 Jun 1933 Edmund Spence
Root
(b. 1881 - d. 1961)
21 Jun 1933 - 27 Mar 1936 George Andrew
Alexander
(b. 1902 - d. 1969)
27 Mar 1936 - 8 Feb 1938 Benjamin Vaughan
McCandlish (b.
1886 - d. 1975)
8 Feb 1938 - 20 Apr 1940 James Thomas
Alexander (b.
1888 - d. 1952)
20 Apr 1940 - 10 Dec 1941 George Johnson
McMillin
(b. 1889 - d. 1983)
(Japanese prisoner 10 Dec 1941 - 20 Aug 1945)
Japanese Military governors
10 Dec 1941 - 14 Jan 1942 Tomitarō Horii
(b. 1890 - d. 1942)
(55th Infantry Division)
14 Jan 1942 - Jun 1942 Hiroshi Hayashi
(54th Naval Guard Unit)
Jun 1942 - 20 Mar 1944 Yatuka
Sugimoto
(b.
c.1890 - d. 1944)
(54th Naval Guard Unit)
20 Mar 1944 - 28 Jul 1944 Takeshi Takashina
(b. 1891 - d. 1944)
(29th Division)
28 Jul 1944 - 11 Aug 1944 Hideyoshi Obata
(b. 1890 - d. 1944)
(31st Army)
Japanese Civil administrators
Jan 1942 - Jun
1942 Yamano
Yūkichi
Jun 1942 - 1 Mar 1944
Homura Teiichi
(b. 1887? - d. 19..)
U.S. Military governor
21 Jul 1944 - 30 May 1946 Henry Louis
Larsen
(b. 1890 - d. 1962) Mil
(island commander to 15 Aug 1944)
Governors
30 May 1946 - 27 Sep 1949 Charles Alan
Pownall
(b. 1887 - d. 1975) Mil
27 Sep 1949 - 20 Feb 1953 Carlton S.
Skinner
(b. 1913 - d. 2004) Dem
20 Feb 1953 - 23 Apr 1953 Randall "Pat" S.
Herman (acting)
23 Apr 1953 - 19 May 1956 Ford Quint
Elvidge
(b. 1892 - d. 1980) Rep
19 May 1956 - 2 Oct 1956 William T.
Corbett (acting) (b. 1902 -
d. 1971) Rep
2 Oct 1956 - 14 Nov 1959 Richard Barrett
Lowe
(b. 1902 - d. 1972) Rep
14 Nov 1959 - 9 Jul 1960 Marcellus Graeme
Boss (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1967)
Rep
9 Jul 1960 - 20 May 1961 Joseph F.
Flores
(b. 1900 - d. 1981) Rep
20 May 1961 - 20 Jan 1963 William "Bill" Patlov
Daniel (b. 1915 - d.
2006) Dem
20 Jan 1963 - 30 Jun 1969 Manuel Flores Leon
Guerrero (b.
1914 - d. 1985) Dem
(acting for Daniel from 20 Sep 1962)
1 Jul 1969 - 6 Jan 1975 Carlos Garcia
Camacho
(b. 1924 - d. 1979) Jan 1971;Rep
6 Jan 1975 - 1 Jan 1979 Ricardo
Jerome Bordallo (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 1990) Dem
1 Jan 1979 - 3 Jan 1983 Paul
McDonald
Calvo
(b.
1934)
Rep
3 Jan 1983 - 5 Jan 1987 Ricardo
Jerome Bordallo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Dem
5 Jan 1987 - 2 Jan 1995 Joseph
Franklin
Ada
(b.
1943)
Rep
2 Jan 1995 - 6 Jan 2003 Carl Tommy
Cruz
Gutierrez
(b.
1941)
Dem
6 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2011
Felix Perez
Camacho
(b.
1957)
Rep
3 Jan 2011 -
7 Jan 2019
Eddie Baza Calvo
(b. 1961)
Rep
7 Jan 2019 -
Lourdes "Lou" Leon Guerrero
(f) (b.
1950)
Dem
Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic
Party (liberal, center-left, est.1829); Rep =
Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854);
Mil = Military
© Ben Cahoon
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