International Organizations N

International
Organizations A to L >>

International Organizations N-W

Organizations: New Development Bank (NDB) - Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - Nordic Council (Norden) - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - NATO Parliamentary Assembly - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) - Organization of American States (OAS) - Organization of Central American States (ODECA) - Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - Pacific Community - Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) - Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM) - Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) - Red Cross and Red Crescent - Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) - Southern African Development Community (SADC) - Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) - Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) - Union State - United Nations (UN) - United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) - United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) - Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) - Warsaw Treaty Organization - Western European Union (WEU) - World Bank (IBRD) - World Customs Organization (WCO) - World Food Programme (WFP) - World Health Organization (WHO) - World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Word Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - World Trade Organization (WTO) -

New Development Bank (NDB)

NDB website

Headquarters: Shanghai
(China)

3 Jul 2015 New Development Bank (NDB)(formerly referred to as the "BRICS Development Bank") established. Feb 2016 NDB becomes operational.

Presidents 21 Jul 2015 - 7 Jul 2020 Kundapur Vaman Kamath (India) (b. 1947) 7 Jul 2020 - 24 Mar 2023 Marcos Prado Troyjo (Brazil) (b. 1966) 24 Mar 2023 - Dilma Vana Rousseff (f)(Brazil) (b. 1947)NDB membership (8)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`3 Jul 2015`	`Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa`
`16 Sep 2021`	`Bangladesh`
`20 Feb 2023`	`Egypt`

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

NAM website Coordinating Bureau:
United Nations
(New York City, U.S);
NAM CSSTC: Jakarta
(Indonesia)

1 Sep 1961 Non-Aligned Movement founded. 20 Oct 1995 Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation (CSSTC) in Indonesia established.

Chairmen of the Non-Aligned Movement 1 Sep 1961 - 10 Oct 1964 Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia) (b. 1892 - d. 1980) 10 Oct 1964 - 10 Sep 1970 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 - d. 1970) 10 Sep 1970 - 9 Sep 1973 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (b. 1924 - d. 2021) 9 Sep 1973 - 19 Aug 1976 Houari Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932 - d. 1978) 19 Aug 1976 - 23 Jul 1977 Sirimavo Bandaranaike (f) (b. 1916 - d. 2000) (Sri Lanka) 23 Jul 1977 - 6 Feb 1978 Junius Richard Jayawardene (b. 1906 - d. 1996) (Sri Lanka) 6 Feb 1978 - 9 Sep 1979 Ranasinghe Premadasa (b. 1924 - d. 1993) (Sri Lanka) 9Sep 1979 - 12 Mar 1983 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time) (b. 1926 - d. 2016) 12 Mar 1983 - 31 Oct 1984 Indira Gandhi (f)(India) (b. 1917 - d. 1984) 31 Oct 1984 - 6 Sep 1986 Rajiv Gandhi (India) (b. 1944 - d. 1991) 6 Sep 1986 - 7 Sep 1989 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) (b. 1924 - d. 2019) 7 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990 Janez Drnovšek (Yugoslavia) (b. 1950 - d. 2008) 16 May 1990 - 15 May 1991 Borisav Jović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1928 - d. 2021) 16 May 1991 - 1 Jul 1991 Sejdo Bajramović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1927 - d. 1994) 1 Jul 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (b. 1934) (Yugoslavia) 5 Dec 1991 - 15 Jun 1992 Branko Kostić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1939 - d. 2020) 15 Jun 1992 - 6 Sep 1992 Dobrica Ćosić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1921 - d. 2014) 6 Sep 1992 - 20 Oct 1995 Suharto (Indonesia) (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 20 Oct 1995 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950) 7 Aug 1998 - 3 Sep 1998 Andrés Pastrana Arango (b. 1954) (Colombia) 3 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson Mandela (South Africa) (b. 1918 - d. 2013) 16 Jun 1999 - 25 Feb 2003 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) (b. 1942) 25 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925) (Malaysia) 31 Oct 2003 - 16 Sep 2006 Datuk Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (b. 1939) (Malaysia) 16 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Feb 2008 - 16 Jul 2009 Raúl Castro (Cuba) (b. 1931)16 Jul 2009 - 11 Feb 2011 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (b. 1928 - d. 2020) 11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012 Muhammad Hussein Tantawi (Egypt)(b. 1931 - d. 2021) 30 Jun 2012 - 31 Aug 2012 Muhammad Morsi (Egypt) (b. 1951 - d. 2019) 31 Aug 2012 - 3 Aug 2013 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran) (b. 1956) 3 Aug 2013 - 18 Sep 2016 Hassan Rouhani (Iran) (b. 1948) 18 Sep 2016 -25 Oct 2019 Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela) (b. 1962) 25 Oct 2019 - Ilham Aliyev (Azerbaijan) (b. 1961)

NAM membership (120)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Sep 1961`	`Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma¹, Cambodia, Ceylon², Congo (Kinshasa)³, Cuba, Cyprus⁴, Egypt⁵, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (Sana)⁶, Yugoslavia⁷`
`5 Oct 1964`	`Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey⁸, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tanganyika⁹, Togo, Uganda, Zambia`
`8 Sep 1970`	`Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guyana, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malaysia, Rwanda, Singapore, Swaziland¹⁰, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates,Yemen (Aden)⁶`
`5 Sep 1973`	`Argentina¹¹, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, The Gambia, Ivory Coast¹², Madagascar¹³, Malta¹⁴, Mauritius, Niger, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Vietnam (NLF)¹⁵, Upper Volta¹⁶`
`15 Aug 1976`	`Belize¹⁷, Cape Verde¹⁸,` `Comoros,Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mozambique, North Korea, Palestine, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Vietnam`
`3 Sep 1979`	`Bolivia, Grenada, Iran, Namibia¹⁹, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Zimbabwe`
`7 Mar 1983`	`The Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Vanuatu`
`4 Sep 1989`	`Venezuela`
`2 Sep 1991`	`Mongolia`
`1 Sep 1992`	`Brunei Darussalam,` `Guatemala, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Uzbekistan`
`4 Oct 1993`	`Eritrea, Honduras, Thailand`
`31 May 1994`	`South Africa`
`18 Oct 1995`	`Turkmenistan`
`2 Sep 1998`	`Belarus`
`8 Apr 2000`	`Dominican Republic`
`20 Feb 2003`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Timor-Leste`
`29 May 2006`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica`
`16 Sep 2006`	`Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`25 May 2011`	`Azerbaijan, Fiji`
`¹from 1989 Myanmar.²from 1972 Sri Lanka.³Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.⁴Cyprus ceased to be a member 1 May 2004.⁵1958 - 1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union.⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.⁷Yugoslavia suspended from 30 Sep 1992;from 4 Feb 2003called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006.⁸from 1975 Benin.` `⁹United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.` `¹⁰from 2018 Eswatini.¹¹Argentina withdrew 19 Sep 1991.¹²from 1985` `Côte d'Ivoire.¹³to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁴Malta ceased to be a member` `1 May 2004.` `¹⁵Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republicof SouthVietnam, represented byNational Liberation Front (NLF);from 30 Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 united with North Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.` `¹⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁷Belize special member to 25 Sep 1981.¹⁸from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁹Namibia represented by SouthWest African People's Organization (SWAPO)3 Sep 1979 - 21 Mar 1990` `(not recognized by South Africa).`

Nordic Council (Norden)


Nov 1984 - 2004


2004 - 1 Nov 2016


Adopted 1 Nov 2016

Nordic Council website

Headquarters: Copenhagen (Denmark)

12 Feb 1953 Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated. 1 Jul 1962 "Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki" (23 Mar 1962 signed) in force. Jul 1971 Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general Jul 1971 - Jun 1973 Emil Kristian Vindsetmo (Norway) (b. 1916 - d. 1983) Dec 1973 - Aug 1977 Helge Seip (Norway) (b. 1919 - d. 2004) Aug 1977 - Aug 1982 Gudmund Saxrud (Norway) (b. 1920 - d. 2003) Sep 1982 - Jan 1987 Ilkka-Christian Björklund (b. 1947) (Finland) Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989 Cay Gerhard af Schultén (Finland) (b. 1938) 1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994 Jostein Osnes (Norway) (b. 1942) (interim to 1 Jan 1990) 1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996 Anders Wenström (Sweden) (b. 1946) 1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999 Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir (f) (b. 1955) (Iceland) 1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007 Frida Nokken (f) (Norway) (b. 1948) 1 Aug 2007 - 31 Dec 2013 Jan-Erik Enestam (Finland) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Jan 2021 Britt Bohlin Olsson (f)(Sweden) (b. 1956) 1 Feb 2021 - Kristina Háfoss (f)(Faroe Islands) (b. 1975)

Presidents 12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953 Hans Hedtoft (Denmark) (b. 1903 - d. 1955) 1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (Norway) (b. 1897 - d. 1987) 1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955 Nils Herlitz (Sweden) (b. 1888 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957 Lennart Heljas (Finland) (b. 1896 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1979) 1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960 Gísli Jónsson (Iceland) (b. 1889 - d. 1970) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962 Karl August Fagerholm (Finland) (b. 1901 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965 Sigurdur Bjarnason (Iceland) (b. 1915 - d. 2012) 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966 Harald Nielsen (Denmark) (b. 1896 - d. 1976) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Eino Armas Sirén (Finland) (b. 1909 - d. 1981) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Svenn Thorkild Stray (Norway) (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Leif Cassel (Sweden) (b. 1906 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Matthías Árnason Mathiesen (b. 1931 - d. 2011) (1st time) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 Jens Otto Krag (Denmark) (b. 1914 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (b. 1906 - d. 1995) (Finland) (1st time) 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 Kåre Isaachsen Willoch (Norway) (b. 1928 - d. 2021) 1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 Johannes Antonsson (Sweden) (b. 1921 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Ragnhildur Helgadóttir (f) (b. 1930 - d. 2016) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (s.a.) (Finland) (2nd time) 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Trygve Bratteli (Norway) (b. 1910 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Olof Palme (Sweden) (b. 1927 - d. 1986) 1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Matthías Árnason Mathiesen (s.a.) (2nd time) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927) (Finland) 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Jo Benkow (Norway) (b. 1924 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f) (s.a.) (Finland)(2nd time) 1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939 - d. 2022) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1994 - 1 Oct 1994 Sten Andersson (Sweden) (b. 1923 - d. 2006) 1 Oct 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Per Olof Håkansson (Sweden) (b. 1941 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Geir Hilmar Haarde (Iceland) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Olof Salmén (Finland) (b. 1927 - d. 2011) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Berit Brørby Larsen (f) (Norway) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gun Hellsvik (f) (Sweden) (b. 1942 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Sigrídur Anna Thórdardóttir (f) (b. 1946) (Iceland) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Svend Erik Hovmand (Denmark) (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Outi Ojala (f)(Finland) (b. 1946 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Inge Lønning (Norway) (b. 1938 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Lars Gabriel Romanus (Sweden) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Rannveig Gudmundsdóttir (f) (b. 1940) (Iceland) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Ole Stavad (Denmark) (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Dagfinn Høybråten (Norway) (b. 1957) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Erkki Tuomioja (Finland) (b. 1946) (1st time) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Helgi Hjörvar (Iceland) (b. 1967) 1 Jan 2011 - 21 Oct 2011 Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark) (b. 1957) (1st time) 21 Oct 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Bertel Haarder(Denmark)(1st time) (b. 1944) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Kimmo Sasi (Finland) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Marit Nybakk (f)(Norway) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Sep 2014 Karin Åström (f) (Sweden) (b. 1953) 22 Oct 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Hans Wallmark (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1965) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Höskuldur Thórhallsson (Iceland) (b. 1973) 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Britt Lundberg (f) (Finland) (b. 1963) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Michael Tetzschner (Norway) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2019 - 26 Jun 2019 Jessica Polfjärd (f)(Sweden) (b. 1971) 26 Jun 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Hans Wallmark (Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir (f) (b. 1973) (Iceland) 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Bertel Haarder (Denmark)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Erkki Tuomioja (Finland) (s.a.)
(2nd time) 1 Jan 2023 - Jorodd Asphjell (Norway) (b. 1960)

Nordic Council Membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

12 Feb 1953 Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden

27 Jan 1956 Finland

Date of
Participation
Member Territories (3)

1 Jan 1970 Aland Islands, Faroe Islands

15 Jul 1983 Greenland

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)


Adopted 14 Oct 1953

NATO website

North Atlantic Treaty
(4 Apr 1949)

Hear Anthem
"NATO Hymn"

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

4 Apr 1949 "The North Atlantic Treaty" is signed in Washington, D.C. 24 Aug 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization established. 11 Jan 1994 Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet states and Eastern European nations created.

Secretaries-general 4 Apr 1952 - 16 May 1957 Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1965) 16 May 1957 - 4 Mar 1961 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) 4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr 1961 Alberico Casardi (Italy)(acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1979) 21 Apr 1961 - 1 Aug 1964 Dirk Uipko Stikker (Netherlands) (b. 1897 - d. 1979) 1 Aug 1964 - 1 Oct 1971 Manlio Brosio (Italy) (b. 1897 - d. 1980) 1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun 1984 Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (b. 1911 - d. 2002) (Netherlands) 25 Jun 1984 - 1 Jul 1988 Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, (b. 1919 - d. 2018) Baron Carrington of Upton (U.K.) 1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug 1994 Manfred Wörner (Germany) (b. 1934 - d. 1994) 13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct 1994 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934 - d. 2018) (acting) 17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct 1995 Willem"Willy" Werner Hubert Claes (b. 1938) (Belgium) 20 Oct 1995 - 5 Dec 1995 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 5 Dec 1995 - 6 Oct 1999 Javier Solana Madariaga (Spain) (b. 1942) 14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec 2003 George Islay Macneill Robertson, (b. 1946) Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.) 17 Dec 2003 - 5 Jan 2004 Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy) (b. 1940) (acting) 5 Jan 2004 - 1 Aug 2009 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop (b. 1948) Scheffer (Netherlands) 1 Aug 2009 - 1 Oct 2014 Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Denmark) (b. 1953) 1 Oct 2014 - Jens Stoltenberg (Norway) (b. 1959)

Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR) (all from U.S.) 2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower (b. 1890 - d. 1969) 30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B. Ridgway (b. 1895 - d. 1993) 11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M. Gruenther (b. 1899 - d. 1983) 20 Nov 1956 - 1 Jan 1963 Lauris Norstad (b. 1907 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1963 - 1 Jul 1969 Lyman L. Lemnitzer (b. 1899 - d. 1988) 1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974 Andrew J. Goodpaster (b. 1915 - d. 2005) 15 Dec 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 Alexander M. Haig (b. 1924 - d. 2010) 1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987 Bernard Rogers (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John R. Galvin (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993 John M. Shalikashvili (b. 1936 - d. 2011) 22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997 George A. Joulwan (b. 1939)11 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2000 Wesley K. Clark (b. 1944) 3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003 Joseph W. Ralston (b. 1943)17 Jan 2003 - 7 Dec 2006 James L. Jones (b. 1943) 7 Dec 2006 - 2 Jul 2009 Bantz J. Craddock (b. 1949) 2 Jul 2009 - 13 May 2013 James G. Stavridis (b. 1955) 13 May 2013 - 4 May 2016 Philip M. Breedlove (b. 1955) 4 May 2016 - 3 May 2019 Curtis M. Scaparrotti (b. 1956) 3 May 2019 - 4 Jul 2022 Tod D. Wolters (b. 1960) 4 Jul 2022 - Christopher G. Cavoli (b. 1964)

NATO Membership (31)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

24 Aug 1949 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France¹, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States

18 Feb 1952 Greece², Turkey

5 May 1955 (West) Germany

30 May 1982 Spain³

12 Mar 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland

29 Mar 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

1 Apr 2009 Albania, Croatia

5 Jun 2017 Montenegro

27 Mar 2020 North Macedonia

4 Apr 2023 Finland

¹France withdrew from integrated military structure 1 Jul 1966, rejoined 3 Apr 2009.²Greece withdrew from integrated military structure 14 Aug 1974, rejoined 20 Oct 1980.³Spain outside integrated military structure until 1 Jan 1999.

NATO Parliamentary Assembly
(institutionally independent from NATO)

1999 - 2012

Adopted 2012

NATO Parliamentary
Assembly website

Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium)
(Paris, France 1960-1968;
London, UK 1955-1960)

18 Jul 1955 NATO Parliamentarians' ConferenceNov 1966 North Atlantic Assembly (NAA) 1 Jun 1999 NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO-PA)Executive Secretary1955 - 1960 Douglas Robinson (U.K.) (b. 1929?)Secretaries-general1960 - 31 Dec 1967 Otto van Hinloopen Labberton (b. 1913 - d. 1982) (Netherlands) 1 Jan 1968 - Dec 1986 Philippe Deshormes (Belgium) (b. 1921 - d. 1993)Jan 1987 - May 1997 Peter Corterier ([West] Germany) (b. 1936 - d. 2017)31 May 1997 - 31 Dec 2007 Simon Lunn (U.K.) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2019 David Hobbs (U.K.) (b. 1956) 1 Jan 2020 - Ruxandra Popa (f)(France)

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT)

Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty
(1 Jul 1968)

Place of Adoption:
New York City
(United States)

1 Jul 1968 "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons" signed. 5 Mar 1970 Treaty enters into force.
NPT state parties (191)

Date of Ratification	Nation Parties
`5 Mar 1970`	`Afghanistan, Austria, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of China¹, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, East Germany³, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Laos, Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Soviet Union⁴, Swaziland⁵, Sweden, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, Upper Volta⁶, Yugoslavia⁷`
`11 Mar 1970`	`Greece`
`7 Apr 1970`	`Maldives`
`4 May 1970`	`Ghana`
`20 May 1970`	`Lesotho`
`26 May 1970`	`Bolivia`
`2 Jun 1970`	`Haiti`
`11 Jun 1970`	`Kenya`
`15 Jul 1970`	`Lebanon`
`4 Aug 1970`	`Zaire⁸`
`10 Aug 1970`	`San Marino`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Uruguay`
`22 Sep 1970`	`Guatemala`
`8 Oct 1970`	`Madagascar`
`25 Oct 1970`	`Central African Republic`
`27 Nov 1970`	`Morocco`
`17 Dec 1970`	`Senegal`
`25 Feb 1971`	`Holy See`
`10 Mar 1971`	`Chad`
`17 Mar 1971`	`Burundi`
`7 Jul 1971`	`Tonga`
`24 Jul 1971`	`Dominican Republic`
`10 Sep 1971`	`South Vietnam⁹`
`2 Jun 1972`	`Cambodia`
`11 Jul 1972`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jul 1972`	`Fiji`
`5 Oct 1972`	`Philippines`
`31 Oct 1972`	`Dahomey¹⁰`
`7 Dec 1972`	`Thailand`
`23 Jan 1973`	`Australia`
`6 Mar 1973`	`Ivory Coast¹¹, Nicaragua`
`16 May 1973`	`Honduras`
`31 Oct 1973`	`The Sudan`
`19 Feb 1974`	`Gabon`
`26 Feb 1975`	`Sierra Leone`
`17 Mar 1975`	`Western Samoa¹²`
`23 Apr 1975`	`South Korea`
`2 May 1975`	`Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, West Germany³`
`12 May 1975`	`The Gambia`
`20 May 1975`	`Rwanda`
`26 May 1975`	`Libya`
`2 Sep 1975`	`Grenada`
`25 Sep 1975`	`Venezuela`
`10 Mar 1976`	`Singapore`
`8 Jun 1976`	`Japan`
`30 Jun 1976`	`Suriname`
`11 Aug 1976`	`The Bahamas`
`20 Aug 1976`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`13 Jan 1977`	`Panama`
`9 Mar 1977`	`Switzerland`
`15 Dec 1977`	`Portugal`
`20 Apr 1978`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 Oct 1978`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`19 Jan 1979`	`Tuvalu`
`5 Mar 1979`	`Sri Lanka`
`1 Jun 1979`	`Yemen (Aden)¹³`
`12 Jul 1979`	`Indonesia`
`31 Aug 1979`	`Bangladesh`
`24 Oct 1979`	`Cape Verde¹⁴`
`28 Dec 1979`	`Saint Lucia`
`21 Feb 1980`	`Barbados`
`17 Apr 1980`	`Turkey`
`26 Feb 1981`	`Egypt`
`17 Jun 1981`	`Solomon Islands`
`13 Jan 1982`	`Papua New Guinea`
`7 Jun 1982`	`Nauru`
`14 Jun 1982`	`Vietnam`
`20 Oct 1982`	`Uganda`
`20 Jul 1983`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`10 Aug 1984`	`Dominica`
`1 Nov 1984`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`6 Nov 1984`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`12 Mar 1985`	`Seychelles`
`18 Apr 1985`	`Kiribati`
`29 Apr 1985`	`Guinea`
`26 Mar 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`23 May 1985`	`Bhutan`
`17 Jun 1985`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`9 Aug 1985`	`Belize`
`12 Dec 1985`	`North Korea¹⁵`
`18 Feb 1986`	`Malawi`
`8 Apr 1986`	`Colombia`
`14 May 1986`	`Yemen (Sana)¹³`
`30 Oct 1986`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`5 Nov 1987`	`Spain`
`3 Oct 1988`	`Saudi Arabia`
`3 Nov 1988`	`Bahrain`
`3 Apr 1989`	`Qatar`
`17 Nov 1989`	`Kuwait`
`4 Sep 1990`	`Mozambique`
`12 Sep 1990`	`Albania`
`15 May 1991`	`Zambia`
`31 May 1991`	`Tanzania`
`10 Jul 1991`	`South Africa`
`23 Sep 1991`	`Lithuania`
`26 Sep 1991`	`Zimbabwe`
`7 Jan 1992`	`Estonia`
`31 Jan 1992`	`Latvia`
`9 Mar 1992`	`People's Republic of China¹`
`7 Apr 1992`	`Slovenia`
`7 May 1992`	`Uzbekistan`
`29 Jun 1992`	`Croatia`
`2 Aug 1992`	`France`
`22 Sep 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`2 Oct 1992`	`Namibia`
`9 Oct 1992`	`Niger`
`2 Dec 1992`	`Myanmar`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`9 Feb 1993`	`Belarus`
`21 Jul 1993`	`Armenia`
`19 Oct 1993`	`Guyana`
`26 Oct 1993`	`Mauritania`
`17 Jan 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`14 Feb 1994`	`Kazakhstan`
`7 Mar 1994`	`Georgia`
`5 Jul 1994`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`15 Aug 1994`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`29 Sep 1994`	`Turkmenistan`
`11 Oct 1994`	`Moldova`
`5 Dec 1994`	`Ukraine`
`12 Jan 1995`	`Algeria`
`30 Jan 1995`	`Marshall Islands`
`10 Feb 1995`	`Argentina`
`13 Mar 1995`	`Monaco`
`16 Mar 1995`	`Eritrea`
`30 Mar 1995`	`Macedonia¹⁶`
`14 Apr 1995`	`Federated States of Micronesia, Palau`
`25 May 1995`	`Chile`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Vanuatu`
`26 Sep 1995`	`United Arab Emirates`
`4 Oct 1995`	`Comoros`
`7 Jun 1996`	`Andorra`
`14 Oct 1996`	`Angola`
`16 Oct 1996`	`Djibouti`
`23 Jan 1997`	`Oman`
`18 Sep 1998`	`Brazil`
`4 Nov 2002`	`Cuba`
`5 May 2003`	`Timor-Leste`
`3 Jun 2006`	`Montenegro`
`10 Feb 2015`	`Palestine`
`¹Republic of China (Taiwan) an original NPT signatory on 27 Jan 1970 and represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China (though Taiwan states it will continue to abide by the treaty);the People's Republic of Chinaacceded to the NPT 29 Dec 1991, effective 9 Mar 1992.²Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on1 Jan 1993 succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.³East Germany and West Germany united 1990.⁴Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.⁵from 2018 Eswatini.⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁷succession to the Treaty by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is 27 April 1992; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁸from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁹unification with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam; by letters of 1 Aug 1979 and 6 May 1980 Vietnam stated that it did not consider itself bound by treaties previously ratified by South Vietnam;Socialist Republic ofVietnam acceded to NPT on 14 Jun 1982.¹⁰from 1975 Benin.¹¹from 1985` `Côte d'Ivoire.¹²from 1997 Samoa.¹³Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.¹⁴from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁵North Korea withdrew 10 Jan 2003.¹⁶as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.`

Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache (OCAM): see African and Malagasy Common Organization

Organization of African Unity (OAU): see African Union

Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)

c.1976 - 17 Jun 2013

Adopted 17 Jun 2013

OACPS Website

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

28 Feb 1975 European Communitiesand ACP States sign First Lomé Convention granting financial, technical assistance and trade concessions. 6 Jun 1975 Georgetown Agreement formally creating the ACP Group signed. 23 Jun 2000 Cotonou Agreement signed (effective 1 Apr 2003). 19 Dec 2019 Revised Georgetown Agreement signed (effective 5 Apr 2020). 5 Apr 2020 Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS).

Secretaries-general 1976 - 1979 Tieoulé Konaté (Mali) (b. 1933 - d. 1995) 1979 - 1984 Tom Okelo-Odongo (Kenya) (b. 1927 - d. 1991) 1984 - 1989 Edwin Wilberforce Carrington (b. 1938) (Trinidad and Tobago) 1989 - 1994 Ghebray Berhane (Ethiopia) (b. 1938) 1994 - 1996 Carl Barrington Greenidge (Guyana) (b. 1949) (interim) 16 Jul 1996 - 29 Feb 2000 Ng'andu Peter Magande (Zambia) (b. 1947) 1 Mar 2000 - 28 Feb 2005 Jean-Robert Goulongana (Gabon) (b. 1953) 1 Mar 2005 - 28 Feb 2010 Sir John Kaputin (b. 1941) (Papua New Guinea) 1 Mar 2010 - 31 Mar 2013 Mohamed Ibn Chambas (Ghana) (b. 1950) 1 Apr 2013 -28 Feb 2015 Alhaji Muhammad Mumuni (Ghana) (b. 1949) 1 Mar 2015 - 29 Feb 2020 Patrick Ignatius Gomes (Guyana) (b. 1941) 1 Mar 2020 - Georges Rebelo Pinto Chikoti (b. 1955) (Angola)

OACPS membership (79)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`6 Jun 1975`	`The Bahamas, Barbados, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey¹, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Ivory Coast², Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, The Sudan, Swaziland³, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Upper Volta⁴, Western Samoa⁵, Zaire⁶, Zambia`
`8 Dec 1984`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Cape Verde⁷, Comoros, Djibouti, Dominica, Kiribati, Liberia, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe`
`4 Nov 1995`	`Angola, Dominican Republic, Haiti`
`23 Jun 2000`	`Cook Islands, Eritrea, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, South Africa`
`14 Dec 2000`	`Cuba`
`16 May 2003`	`Timor-Leste`
`¹from 1975 Benin.²from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³from 2018 Eswatini.` `⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁵from 1997 Samoa.⁶from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁷from 2013 Cabo Verde.`

Organization of American States (OAS)

1910 - 1948

Adopted Apr 1961

OAS website

OAS Charter
(2 May 1948)

Headquarters:
Washington, D.C.
(United States)

OAS Day: 14 Apr (1890)
Pan American Day

14 Apr 1890 Commercial Bureau of the American Republics 26 Aug 1890 Secretariat established. 29 Jan 1902 International Bureau of the American Republics 11 Aug 1910 Pan-American Union 30 Apr 1948 Organization of American States (OAS)(Organización de los Estados Americanos/Organização dos Estados Americanos/Organisation des États Américains).

Directors (all from the U.S.) 26 Aug 1890 - 18 May 1893 William Eleroy Curtis (b. 1850 - d. 1911) 18 May 1893 - 29 Mar 1897 Clinton Furbish (b. 1838 - d. 1904) 29 Mar 1897 - 5 Feb 1898 Joseph Patterson Smith (b. 1856 - d. 1898) 5 Feb 1898 - 20 May 1899 Frederic Emory (b. 1853 - d. 1908) (acting to 28 Feb 1898, then provisional) 20 May 1899 - 6 Mar 1905 William Woodville Rockhill (b. 1854 - d. 1914) 6 Mar 1905 - 1 Jan 1907 Williams Carlton Fox (b. 1855 - d. 1924) (acting to 5 Apr 1905) Directors-general 1 Jan 1907 - 1 Sep 1920 John Barrett (U.S.) (b. 1866 - d. 1938) 1 Sep 1920 - 5 Dec 1946 Leo Stanton Rowe (U.S.) (b. 1871 - d. 1946) 5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947 Pedro de Alba Pérez(Mexico) (b. 1887 - d. 1960) (acting) 27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (b. 1906 - d. 1990) Secretaries-general 30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (s.a.) 31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955 Carlos Gregorio Dávila Espinosa (b. 1887 - d. 1955) (Chile) 19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956 William Manger (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1994) 16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968 JoséAntonio Mora Otero(Uruguay) (b. 1897 - d. 1975) 18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975 Galo Plaza Lasso (Ecuador) (b. 1906 - d. 1987) 18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984 Alejandro JoséLuis Orfila (b. 1925 - d. 2021) (Argentina) 31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984 Valerie "Val" TheodoreMcComie (b. 1920 - d. 2007) (Barbados)(acting) 20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994 João Clemente Baena Soares(Brazil)(b. 1931 - d. 2023) 20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994 Christopher Ray Thomas (acting) (b. 1937) (Trinidad and Tobago) 15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004 César Gaviria Trujillo (Colombia) (b. 1947) 15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004 Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (b. 1940) (Costa Rica) 15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005 Luigi Roberto Einaudi (U.S.) (b. 1936) (acting) 26 May 2005 - 26 May 2015 José Miguel Insulza Salinas (b. 1943) (Chile) 26 May 2015 - Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes (b. 1963) (Uruguay)

OAS membership (35)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

30 Apr 1948 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba¹, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras², Mexico, Nicaragua³, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela⁴

17 Mar 1967 Trinidad and Tobago

15 Nov 1967 Barbados

20 Aug 1969 Jamaica

13 May 1975 Grenada

8 Jun 1977 Suriname

22 May 1979 Dominica, Saint Lucia

3 Dec 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

3 Mar 1982 The Bahamas

12 Mar 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

8 Jan 1990 Canada

8 Jan 1991 Belize, Guyana

¹Cuba suspended 14 Feb 1962 - 3 Jun 2009, has not resumed membership. ²Honduras suspended 4 Jul 2009 - 1 Jun 2011.³Nicragaua initiated withdrawal 19 Nov 2021, to be effective 19 Nov 2023, but it withdrew immediately 24 Apr 2022.⁴Venezuela initiated withdrawal 27 Apr 2017 (to be effective 27 Apr 2019);OAS recognizes Guaidó government from 9 Apr 2019.

Organization of Central American States (ODECA) [Organization of Central
American States (ODECA) to 1973]

Headquarters: San Salvador
(El Salvador)

Hear ODECA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 22 Jun 1971

14 Oct 1951 Organization of Central American States (OCAS) (Organización de Estados Centroamericanos)(ODECA)formed.14 Oct 1955 Secretariat inaugurated.30 Mar 1965 Second charter effective, signed on 12 Dec 1962. 1973 Functions suspended. Secretaries-general 14 Oct 1955 - 15 Feb 1960 José Guillermo Trabanino Guerrero (b. 1914 - d. 2000) (El Salvador) 15 Feb 1960 - 15 Feb 1964 Marco Tulio Zeledón Matamoros (b. 1913 - d. 1992) (Costa Rica) 15 Feb 1964 - 31 Mar 1969 Albino Román y Vega (Nicaragua) (b. 1922 - d. ....) (interim) 15 Sep 1970 - 1972 Manuel Francisco Villacorta (b. 1923 - d. 1988) Vielmann(Guatemala) (special representative to 1971)1972 - 1973 Álvaro Fernández Escalante (b. 1930 - d. 2021) (Costa Rica) (interim)
ODECA membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`14 Oct 1951`	`Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala¹, Honduras², Nicaragua`
`¹Guatemala withdrew 4 Apr 1953, rejoined 1954.²Honduras withdrew 1970.`

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

[Organization of
Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)]
Adopted 21 Jun 2006

OECS website Headquarters: Castries
(Saint Lucia) OECS Day: 18 Jun (1981)
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States Day

27 Feb 1967 West Indies Associated States Supreme Court established. 18 Jun 1981 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded. 10 Aug 2012 OECS assembly inaugurated.

Directors-general Jul 1982 - 1 Dec 1995 Vaughan A. Lewis (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940) Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001 Swinburne A.S. Lestrade (Dominica)(b. 1947) 31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003 George Goodwin, Jr. (acting) (b. 194. - d. 2009) (Antigua and Barbuda) 12 May 2003 - 31 Dec 2013 Len Ishmael (f) (Saint Lucia) 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Apr 2014 Bentley A. Browne (acting) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 May 2014 - Didacus Jules (Saint Lucia) (b. 1956)

Speaker of the OECS Assembly 10 Aug 2012 - René Mercedes Baptiste (f) (b. 1951) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Chief Justices of the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court 1967 - 1972 Allen Montgomery Lewis (b. 1909 - d. 1993) (from 9 Jul 1968, SirAllen Montgomery Lewis) (Saint Lucia) 1972 - 1975 Percival Cecil Lewis (acting) (b. 1912) (Saint Kitts and Nevis) 1975 - 1980 Sir Maurice Herbert Davis (b. 1912 - d. 1988) (Saint Kitts and Nevis)Chief Justices of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court 1981 - 1983 Neville Peterkin (Grenada) (b. 1915 - d. ....) (from 11 Dec 1981,Sir Neville Peterkin) 1983 - 1984 Neville Algernon Berridge (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2000) (Saint Kitts and Nevis) 1984 - 1991 Lascelles Lister Robotham (Jamaica)(b. 1923 - d. 1996) (from 28 Apr 1987, SirLascelles Lister Robotham) Nov 1991 - Jul 1996 Sir Vincent Frederick Floissac (b. 1928 - d. 2010) (Saint Lucia) 1996 - Apr 2004 Charles Michael Dennis Byron (b. 1943) (from 21 Jun 2000, SirCharles Michael Dennis Byron) (acting to 1999)(Saint Kitts and Nevis) Jun 2004 - Feb 2005 Adrian Dudley Saunders (acting) (b. 1954) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 Mar 2005 - 28 Apr 2008 Brian George Keith Alleyne (b. 1943) (from 16 Jul 2007, Sir Brian George Keith Alleyne) (Dominica) (acting) 29 Apr 2008 - 31 Jul 2012 Hugh Anthony Rawlins (b. 1950) from 27 Mar 2012, Sir Hugh Anthony Rawlins) (acting to 30 May 2008) (Saint Kitts and Nevis) 1 Aug 2012 - Janice Mesadis Pereira (f) (from 7 May 2013, Dame Janice Mesadis Pereira) (acting to 24 Oct 2012) (British Virgin Islands)

OECS membership (7)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

4 Jul 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of OECS (4)

22 Nov 1984 British Virgin Islands

24 May 1998 Anguilla

9 Apr 2016 Martinique

14 Mar 2019 Guadeloupe

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

OECD Flag to 15 Dec 2010

[Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
flag]

Adopted 15 Dec 2010

OECD website

Headquarters: Paris
(France)

16 Apr 1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 30 Sep 1961 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Secretaries-general 16 Apr 1948 - 1 Apr 1955 Robert Marjolin (France) (b. 1911 - d. 1986) 1 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1960 René Sergent (France) (b. 1904 - d. 1984) 1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969 Thorkil Christensen (Denmark) (b. 1899 - d. 1989) 30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984 Emile van Lennep (Netherlands) (b. 1915 - d. 1996) 30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994 Jean-Claude Paye (France) (b. 1934) (1st time) 30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994 Staffan Sohlman (Sweden) (interim) (b. 1937 - d. 2017) 30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996 Jean-Claude Paye (France) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006 Donald James Johnston (Canada) (b. 1936 - d. 2022) 1 Jun 2006 - 31 May 2021 José Ángel Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950) 1 Jun 2021 - Mathias Hubert Paul Cormann (b. 1970) (Australia)

OECD membership (38)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

16 Apr 1948 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste², Turkey, United Kingdom

20 Jul 1959 Spain

14 Dec 1960 European Economic Community³

30 Sep 1961 Canada, United States

28 Apr 1964 Japan

28 Jan 1969 Finland

7 Jun 1971 Australia

29 May 1973 New Zealand

18 May 1994 Mexico

21 Dec 1995 Czech Republic

7 May 1996 Hungary

22 Nov 1996 Poland

12 Dec 1996 South Korea

14 Dec 2000 Slovakia

7 May 2010 Chile

21 Jul 2010 Slovenia

7 Sep 2010 Israel

9 Dec 2010 Estonia

1 Jul 2016 Latvia

5 Jul 2018 Lithuania

28 Apr 2020 Colombia

25 May 2021 Cost Rica

¹Anglo-U.S. "bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of Germany.²Trieste Anglo-U.S. zone only; from 26 Oct 1954 part of Italy.³special member; 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Nov 1993 European Communities, from 1 Nov 1993 European Union.

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

[Organization of Islamic
Conference (OIC) flag 1981-2011]

1981 - 28 Jun 2011

[Organization of
Islamic Cooperation (OIC) flag]

Adopted 28 Jun 2011

OIC website

Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)

OIC Day: 25 Sep (1969)
Organization of
Islamic Cooperation Day

22 Sep 1969 First Islamic Conference opened. 4 Mar 1972 Organization of the Islamic Conference charter signed (effective 28 Feb 1973). 28 Jun 2011 RenamedOrganization of Islamic Cooperation.

Secretaries-general Dec 1970 - 31 Dec 1973 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj (b. 1903 - d. 1990) (Malaysia) 1 Jan 1974 - Dec 1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt) (b. 1924 - d. 2009) Dec 1975 - Jan 1980 Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal) (b. 1913 - d. 2000) Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984 Habib Chatty (Tunisia) (b. 1916 - d. 1991) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (b. 1923 - d. 2017) (Pakistan) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996 Hamid Algabid (Niger) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000 Azzedine Laraki (Morocco) (b. 1929 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004 Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco) (b. 1939 - d. 2021) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2013 Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkey) (b. 1943) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Oct 2016 Iyad bin Amin Madani (Saudi Arabia)(b. 1946) 1 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2016 Abdullah Alim (Saudi Arabia) (acting) 17 Nov 2016 -17 Nov 2021 Yousef bin Ahmad Abdul Rahman Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia) 17 Nov 2021 - Hissein Brahim Taha (Chad) (b. 1951)

OIC membership (57)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

22 Sep 1969 Afghanistan¹, Algeria, Chad, Egypt², Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen (Aden)³, Yemen (Sana)³

29 Feb 1972 Bahrain, Oman,Qatar, Sierra Leone, Syria⁴, United Arab Emirates

1974 Bangladesh, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Uganda

1975 Upper Volta⁵, Cameroon

1976 Comoros, Iraq, Maldives

Apr 1978 Djibouti

1982 Benin

15 Jan 1984 Brunei Darussalam

Jan 1986 Nigeria

8 Dec 1991 Azerbaijan

Jun 1992 Turkmenistan

Dec 1992 Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,Zanzibar⁶

10 Dec 1994 Mozambique

12 Dec 1995 Kazakhstan

2 Oct 1996 Uzbekistan

Dec 1996 Suriname

2 Oct 1997 Togo

1 Oct 1998 Guyana

27 Jun 2001 Côte d'Ivoire

¹Afghanistan suspended 28 Jan 1980 - 13 Mar 1989 (seat then given to rebels).²Egypt suspended 9 May 1979 - 30 Jan 1984.³Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990. ⁴Syria suspended from 16 Aug 2012.⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁶Zanzibar withdrew Aug 1993.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

[Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) flag]
Adopted 1970

OPEC website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)
(Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)

14 Sep 1960 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) founded.

Secretaries-general¹ 21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964 Fuad Rouhani (Iran) (b. 1907 - d. 2004) 1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965 Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq) (b. 1913 - d. 1973) 1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966 Ashraf T. Lutfi (Kuwait) (b. 1919 - d. 1974) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Muhammad Saleh Joukhdar (b. 1932) (Saudi Arabia) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Francisco R. Parra (Venezuela) (b. 1929 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Elrich Sanger (Indonesia) (b. 1927) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Omar el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972 Nadim Pachachi (b. 1914 - d. 1976) (United Arab Emirates) 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Abderrahman Khène (Algeria) (b. 1931 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976 Meshach Ototiki Feyide (Nigeria) (b. 1926 - d. 1997) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978 Ali M. Jaidah (Qatar) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981 René Genaro Ortiz Durán(Ecuador) (b. 1941) 1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983 Marc Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon) (b. 1934 - d. 2012) 1 Jul 1983 - 19 Jul 1983 Fadhil Jafar al-Chalabi (Iraq) (b. 1929 - d. 2019) (acting) 19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Mana Saeed Al Otaiba (acting) (b. 1946) (United Arab Emirates) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984 Kamal Hassan Maghur (Libya) (b. 1935 - d. 2002) (acting) 31 Oct 1984 - 9 Dec 1985 Subroto (Indonesia)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2022) (acting) 1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 Arturo Hernández Grisanti (b. 1927 - d. 2008) (Venezuela)(acting) 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938 - d. 2014) (acting) 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994 Subroto (Indonesia)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1940) (1st time) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002 Alí Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d. 2018) 1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003 Álvaro José Silva Calderón (b. 1929) (Venezuela) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Purnomo Yusgiantoro (Indonesia) (b. 1951) (acting) 1 Jan 2004 - 28 Feb 2004 Iin Arifin Takhyan (Indonesia) (b. 1952) (acting for Yusgiantoro) 28 Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Maizar Rahman (Indonesia) (b. 1948) (acting for Yusgiantoro) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad (b. 1963) Al Sabah (Kuwait) (acting) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Adnan Shihab-Eldin (Kuwait) (b. 1943) (acting for Al Sabah) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (Nigeria) (b. 1943) (acting) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (b. 1959 - d. 2022) (acting for Daukoru) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Jul 2016 Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Aug 2016 - 5 Jul 2022 Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (s.a.) 5 Jul 2022 - 31 Jul 2022 Ayed S. Al-Qahtani (Saudi Arabia) (acting)
1 Aug 2022 - Haitham al-Ghais (Kuwait) (b. 1969)

OPEC membership (13)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

14 Sep 1960 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela

15 Jan 1961 Qatar²

4 Jun 1962 Indonesia³, Libya

27 Nov 1967 Abu Dhabi⁴

8 Jul 1969 Algeria

12 Jul 1971 Nigeria

19 Nov 1973 Ecuador⁵

9 Jun 1975 Gabon⁶

1 Jan 2007 Angola

25 May 2017 Equatorial Guinea

22 Jun 2018 Congo (Brazzaville)

¹21 Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of Governors were also, ex-officio, the Secretaries-general of the organization. The functions of Chairman of the Board of Governors and Secretary-general were separated Apr 1965.²Qatar terminated its membership 1 Jan 2019.³Indonesia membership suspended at its own request1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2016 and from 30 Nov 2016.⁴Abu Dhabi membership transferred to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974.⁵Ecuador membership suspended at its own request 31 Dec 1992, rejoined 23 Oct 2007;withdrewmembership 1 Jan 2020. ⁶Gabon membership terminated at its own request 31 Dec 1994, rejoined 1 Jul 2016.

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

[Organisation for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) flag]

OPCW website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

OPCW Day: 29 Apr (1997)
Remembrance Day

19 Jan 1993 "Chemical Weapons Convention" (CWC) signed. 29 Apr 1997 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.

Directors-General 13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002 José Mauríciode Figueiredo Bustani(b. 1945) (Brazil) 22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002 John Gee (Australia)(acting) (b. 1944 - d. 2007) 25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2010 Rogelio Francisco Pfirter (b. 1948) Fernández (Argentina) 25 Jul 2010 - 25 Jul 2018 Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey) (b. 1951) 25 Jul 2018 - Fernando Arias González (Spain) (b. 1952)

OPCW membership (193)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

29 Apr 1997 Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland¹, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe

11 Jun 1997 Turkey

20 Jun 1997 Singapore

28 Jun 1997 Kuwait

9 Jul 1997 Guinea

11 Jul 1997 Slovenia

20 Jul 1997 Macedonia²

24 Jul 1997 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Aug 1997 Burkina Faso

8 Aug 1997 Ghana

27 Aug 1997 Brunei Darussalam

3 Oct 1997 Qatar

12 Oct 1997 Guyana

21 Nov 1997 Pakistan

28 Nov 1997 Jordan

3 Dec 1997 Iran

5 Dec 1997 Russia

18 Dec 1997 Nepal

2 Jan 1998 Venezuela

11 Mar 1998 Mauritania

15 May 1998 Lithuania

13 Jun 1998 Benin

18 Jun 1998 The Gambia

11 Jul 1998 Malawi

25 Jul 1998 Tanzania

19 Aug 1998 Senegal

13 Sep 1998 Bolivia

27 Sep 1998 Cyprus

30 Sep 1998 Botswana

4 Oct 1998 Burundi

30 Oct 1998 Vietnam

6 Nov 1998 Panama

15 Nov 1998 Ukraine

12 Dec 1998 Indonesia

11 Jun 1999 Holy See

19 Jun 1999 Nigeria

23 Jun 1999 The Sudan

25 Jun 1999 Estonia

21 Jul 1999 Micronesia

5 Dec 1999 Nicaragua

24 Dec 1999 Liechtenstein

9 Jan 2000 San Marino

15 Mar 2000 Eritrea

30 Mar 2000 Azerbaijan

22 Apr 2000 Kazakhstan

5 May 2000 Colombia

20 May 2000 Malaysia, Yugoslavia³

14 Sep 2000 Mozambique

7 Oct 2000 Kiribati

8 Oct 2000 Gabon, Jamaica

1 Nov 2000 Yemen

28 Dec 2000 United Arab Emirates

11 Mar 2001 Zambia

14 Mar 2001 Dominica

12 Dec 2001 Nauru

20 Dec 2001 Uganda

18 Oct 2002 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

27 Oct 2002 Samoa

9 Jan 2003 Thailand

5 Mar 2003 Palau

14 Mar 2003 Guatemala

29 Mar 2003 Andorra

6 Jun 2003 Timor-Leste

28 Jun 2003 Tonga

9 Oct 2003 São Tomé and Príncipe

24 Oct 2003 Afghanistan

29 Oct 2003 Kyrgyzstan

9 Nov 2003 Cape Verde⁴

31 Dec 2003 Belize

5 Feb 2005 Libya

18 Feb 2004 Tuvalu

14 Mar 2004 Chad

30 Apr 2004 Rwanda

18 Jun 2004 Marshall Islands

20 Jun 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis

23 Oct 2004 Solomon Islands

30 Oct 2004 Sierra Leone

19 Nov 2004 Madagascar

21 May 2005 Niue

3 Jul 2005 Grenada

18 Aug 2005 Cambodia

17 Sep 2005 Bhutan

28 Sep 2005 Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras

16 Oct 2005 Vanuatu

11 Nov 2005 Congo (Kinshasa)

24 Feb 2006 Djibouti

24 Mar 2006 Haiti

25 Mar 2006 Liberia

17 Sep 2006 Comoros

20 Oct 2006 Central African Republic

23 Oct 2006 Montenegro

6 Apr 2007 Barbados

3 Jan 2008 Congo (Brazzaville)

19 Jun 2008 Guinea-Bissau

20 Dec 2008 Lebanon

12 Feb 2009 Iraq

26 Apr 2009 Dominican Republic

21 May 2009 The Bahamas

28 Jun 2013 Somalia

14 Sep 2013 Syria⁵

7 Aug 2015 Myanmar

16 Oct 2015 Angola

16 Jun 2018 Palestine

¹from 2018 Eswatini.²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁴from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁵Syria membership suspended from 21 Apr 2021.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)


c.1991 - 31 Dec 1994


Adopted 1 Jan 1995

OSEC website

Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

25 Jun 1973 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 1 Aug 1975 "Helsinki Final Act" signed. 21 Nov 1990 "Charter of Paris for a New Europe" signed. 1 Jan 1995 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Secretaries-general 15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996 Wilhelm Höynck (Germany) (b. 1933) 15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999 Giancarlo Aragona (Italy) (b. 1942) 15 Jun 1999 - 21 Jun 2005 Ján Kubiš (Slovakia) (b. 1952) 21 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2011 Marc Perrin de Brichambaut (b. 1948) (France) 1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2017 Lamberto Zannier (Italy) (b. 1954) 30 Jun 2017 - 18 Jul 2017 Vacant 18 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Thomas Greminger (Switzerland) (b. 1961) 19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Tuula Yrjölä (f)(Finland)(acting) (b. 1962)
4 Dec 2020 - Helga Maria Schmid (f)(Germany) (b. 1960)

Chairmen-in-office 19 Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1992 - 2 Jul 1992 Jiří Dienstbier (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1937 - d. 2011) 2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Jozef Moravčík (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1945) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Märta Margaretha af Ugglas (f) (b. 1939) (Sweden) 1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994 Beniamino "Nino" Andreatta (Italy) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) 11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Antonio Martino (Italy) (b. 1942 - d. 2022) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 László Kovács (Hungary) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Flavio Cotti (Switzerland) (b. 1939 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Niels Helveg Petersen (Denmark) (b. 1939 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Bronisław Geremek (Poland) (b. 1932 - d. 2008) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Knut Vollebaek (Norway) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2000 - 4 Feb 2000 Wolfgang Schüssel (Austria) (b. 1945) 4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Benita Ferrero-Waldner (f) (b. 1948) (Austria) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Mircea Geoană (Romania) (b. 1958) 1 Jan 2002 - 6 Apr 2002 Jaime José de Matos da Gama (b. 1947) (Portugal) 6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 António Manuel de Mendonça Martins (b. 1946) da Cruz(Portugal) 1 Jan 2003 - 3 Dec 2003 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop (b. 1948) Scheffer (Netherlands) 3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Bernard Rudolf "Ben" Bot (b. 1937) (Netherlands) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Solomon Passy (Bulgaria) (b. 1956) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Dimitrij Rupel (Slovenia) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Karel De Gucht (Belgium) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Miguel Ángel Moratinos Cuyaubé (b. 1951) (Spain) 1 Jan 2008 - 4 Apr 2008 Ilkka Kanerva (Finland) (b. 1948 - d. 2022) 5 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Alexander Stubb (Finland) (b. 1968) 1 Jan 2009 - 5 Oct 2009 Theodóra "Ntóra" Bakogiánnis (f) (b. 1954) (Greece) 6 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Geórgios Papandréou(Greece) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Qanat Bekmyrzauly Saüdabaev (b. 1946) (Kanat Bekmurzayevich Saudabayev) (Kazakhstan) 1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Audronius Ažubalis(Lithuania) (b. 1958) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Eamon Gilmore (Ireland) (b. 1955) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Leonid Kozhara (Ukraine) (b. 1963) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Didier Burkhalter (Switzerland) (b. 1960) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Ivica Dačić (Serbia) (b. 1966) 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Germany) (b. 1956) 1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017 Sebastian Kurz (Austria) (b. 1986) 18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Karin Kneissl (f) (Austria) (b. 1965) 1 Jan 2018 - 1 Jun 2018 Angelino Alfano (Italy) (b. 1970) 1 Jun 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Enzo Moavero Milanesi (Italy) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Miroslav Lajčák (Slovakia) (b. 1963) 1 Jan 2020 -31 Dec 2020 Edi Kristaq Rama (Albania) (b. 1964) 1 Jan 2021 -31 Dec 2021 Ann Christin Linde (f) (Sweden) (b. 1961) 1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Zbigniew Rau (Poland) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2023 - Bujar M. Osmani (North Macedonia) (b. 1979)

High Commissioners on National Minorities 1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun 2001 Max van der Stoel (Netherlands) (b. 1924 - d. 2011) 1 Jul 2001 - 3 Jul 2007 Carl Rolf Ekéus (Sweden) (b. 1935) 4 Jul 2007 - 19 Aug 2013 Knut Vollebaek (Norway) (s.a.)20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016 Astrid Thors (f) (Finland) (b. 1957) 19 Aug 2016 - 19 Jul 2017 Henrik Villadsen (Denmark)(acting) (b. 1963) 19 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Lamberto Zannier (Italy) (s.a.) 19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Christophe Kamp (Netherlands) (b. 1969) (acting) 4 Dec 2020 - Kairat Kudaybergenovich (b. 1964) Abdrakhmanov (Qayrat Qudaybergenulı Äbdirakhmanov) (Kazakhstan)

Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly1992 - 1994 Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939 - d. 2022)1994 - 1996 Frank Swaelen (Belgium) (b. 1930 - d. 2007)1996 - 1998 Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio (b. 1941) (Spain)1998 - 2000 Helle Degn (f)(Denmark) (b. 1946)2000 - 2002 Adrian Severin (Romania) (b. 1954)2002 - 2004 Bruce Thomas George (U.K.) (b. 1942 - d. 2020)2004 - 2006 Alcee Lamar Hastings (U.S.) (b. 1936 - d. 2021)Jul 2006 - Jul 2008 Rolf Göran Lennmarker (Sweden) (b. 1943)Jul 2008 - 10 Jul 2010 João Barroso Soares (Portugal) (b. 1949) 10 Jul 2010 - 9 Jul 2012 Pétros Efthymíou (Greece) (b. 1950) 9 Jul 2012 - 3 Jul 2013 Riccardo Migliori (Italy) (b. 1952) 3 Jul 2013 - 2 Jul 2014 Ranko Krivokapić (Montenegro) (b. 1961) 2 Jul 2014 - 5 Jul 2016 Ilkka Kanerva (Finland) (s.a.) 5 Jul 2016 - 9 Nov 2017 Christine Muttonen (f)(Austria) (b. 1954) 9 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2020 Giorgi Tsereteli (Georgia) (b. 1964) (acting to 8 Jul 2018) 11 Dec 2020 - 6 Jul 2021 Peter Spencer Bowness, Baron (b. 1943) Bowness (U.K.) (acting) 6 Jul 2021 - Margareta Cederfelt (f)(Sweden) (b. 1959)

Presidents of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration 29 May 1995 - 19 Sep 2013 Robert Badinter (France) (b. 1928) 19 Sep 2013 - 14 Oct 2019 Christian Tomuschat (Germany) (b. 1936) 14 Oct 2019 - Emmanuel Decaux (France) (b. 1947)

OSEC membership (57)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 Jun 1973 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia¹, Denmark, Finland, France,East Germany²,West Germay²,Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino,Soviet Union³,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States,Yugoslavia⁴

19 Jun 1991 Albania

10 Sep 1991 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

30 Jan 1992 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

24 Mar 1992 Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia

30 Apr 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

12 Oct 1995 Macedonia⁴

25 Apr 1996 Andorra

10 Nov 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁵

22 Jun 2006 Montenegro

21 Nov 2012 Mongolia

¹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992;on 1 Jan 1993 membershipsucceeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.²East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.³Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; membership succeeded by Russia.⁴as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.⁵Yugoslavia suspended 8 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Pacific Community

1970 - 1971	1971 - 1975	1975 - 1978	1978 - 1980
1980 - 1983	1983 - 6 Dec 1999	6 Dec 1999 - 1 Jan 2005	Adopted 1 Jan 2005

Pacific Community website

Headquarters: Noumea
(New Caledonia)
(Sydney, Australia 1947-1949)

6 Feb 1947 South Pacific Commission (SPC) 6 Feb 1997 Pacific Community

Secretaries-general 1 Nov 1948 - 3 Jun 1951 William Forsyth (Australia) (b. 1909 - d. 1993) (1st time) 12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954 Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1958) 1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958 Ralph Clairon Bedell (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1991) 1 Mar 1958 - 2 Mar 1963 Thomas R. Smith (New Zealand) (b. 1904 - d. 1979) 24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966 William Forsyth (Australia) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969 Sir Gawain Westray Bell (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971 Afioga Afoafouvale Misimoa (b. 1900 - d. 1971) (Western Samoa) 18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971 John Edward de Young (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1917) 1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975 Gustav F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984) 9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 E. Macu Salato (Fiji) (b. 1915 - d. 1990) 1 Jul 1979 - 3 Jun 1982 Young Vivian (Niue) (b. 1935) 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986 Francis Bugotu (Solomon Islands) (b. 1937 - d. 1992) 9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988 Palauni M. Tuiasosopo (b. 1937 - d. 2020) (American Samoa) 1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989 Jon Jonassen (Cook Islands) (b. 1949) (acting) 16 Jun 1989 - 5 Jan 1993 Atanraoi Baiteke (Kiribati) (b. 1942) 6 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1996 Ati George Sokomanu (Vanuatu) (b. 1937) 8 Jan 1996 - 6 Feb 1997 Robert B. Dun (Australia) (b. 1930) Directors-general 6 Feb 1997 - 5 Jan 2000 Robert B. Dun (Australia) (s.a.) 6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006 Lourdes Pangelinan (f) (Guam) (b. 1954) 23 Jan 2006 - 23 Jan 2014 Jimmie Rodgers (Solomon Islands) 23 Jan 2014 -23 Jan 2020 Colin Tukuitonga (Niue) (b. 1956) 23 Jan 2020 - Stuart Minchin (Australia) (b. 1970?)

Pacific Community membership (27)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

6 Feb 1947 Australia, France, The Netherlands¹, New Zealand, United Kingdom², United States

17 Jul 1965 Western Samoa³

24 Jul 1969 Nauru

5 May 1971 Fiji

16 Sep 1975 Papua New Guinea

17 Nov 1978 Tuvalu

21 Nov 1978 Solomon Islands

13 Oct 1980 Niue

14 Oct 1980 Cook Islands

3 Oct 1983 American Samoa, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna

¹Netherlandswithdrew 31 Dec 1962. ²U.K. withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined 1 Jan 1998; withdrew again 1 Jan 2005, rejoined 2 Dec 2021.³from 1997 Samoa.

Pacific Islands Forum


Current Flag


Flag Variant

PIF website

Headquarters: Suva
(Fiji)

5 Aug 1971 South Pacific Forum (SPF) 27 Oct 2000 Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation Nov 1972 - Feb 1980 Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2007) Feb 1980 - 12 Mar 1982 Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea) (b. 1941 - d. 1982) Mar 1982 - Jan 1983 John Charles Sheppard (Australia) (b. 1952) (acting) Jan 1983 - Feb 1986 Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time) (s.a.) Feb 1986 - Sep 1988 Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu) (b. 1928 - d. 2004) Secretaries-general Sep 1988 - 1 Jan 1992 Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1992 - Jan 1998 Ieremia Tienang Tabai (Kiribati) (b. 1949) Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004 W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea) (b. 1942) 16 May 2004 - 2 May 2008 Greg Urwin (Australia) (b. 1946 - d. 2008) 2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008 Feleti Penitala Teo(Tuvalu) (b. 1962) (acting)13 Oct 2008 - 4 Dec 2014 Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa) (b. 1941) 4 Dec 2014 - 24 May 2021 Dame Meg Taylor (f) (b. 1951) (Papua New Guinea)24 May 2021 - Henry Tuakeu Puna (Cook Islands) (b. 1949)

Pacific Islands Forum membership (18)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

5 Aug 1971 Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji¹, Nauru², New Zealand, Tonga, Western Samoa³

20 Mar 1974 Papua New Guinea

1 Jul 1975 Niue

29 Aug 1979 Kiribati⁴

16 Sep 1980 Solomon Islands, Tuvalu

14 Jul 1980 Vanuatu

29 May 1987 Marshall Islands⁵, Federated States of Micronesia⁶

3 Sep 1995 Palau⁷

10 Sep 2016 French Polynesia⁸, New Caledonia⁸

¹Fiji suspended 2 May 2009 - 22 Oct 2014.²Nauru announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 7 Apr 2021, to be effective 7 Apr 2022), cancelledwithdrawal 11 Feb 2022. ³from 1997 Samoa. ⁴Kiribati announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 23 Jul 2021), effective 9 Jul 2022; rejoined 24 Feb 2023.⁵Marshall Islandsannounced withdrawal8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 9 Mar 2021), effective 9 Mar 2022, cancelled withdrawal 29 Sep 2022; rejoins 29 Sep 2022.⁶Federated States of Micronesia announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 17 Feb 2021, to be effective 14 Feb 2022), cancelled withdrawal 11 Feb 2022.⁷Palau announced withdrawal on 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 16 Mar 2021,to be effective 16 Mar 2022), cancelled withdrawal 11 Feb 2022.⁸French Polynesia and New Caledonia were associate members 26 Oct 2006 - 10 Sep 2016.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of PIF (2)

6 Aug 2014 Tokelau

6 Sep 2018 Wallis and Futuna

Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean

[Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean]

PAM website

Headquarters: Naples (Italy)(St. Julian's, Malta
Nov 2007-Feb 2020)

PAM Day: 21 March
Mediterranean Day

11 Sep 2006 Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean formed. 1 Jul 2007 Secretariat established. Secretary-general 1 Jul 2007 - Sergio Piazzi (Italy) (b. 1957?) (acting to Jan 2008; from 2022 pro-tempore) Presidents of the Assembly11 Sep 2006 - 15 Nov 2008 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(1st time)(b. 1935)15 Nov 2008 - 1 Jan 2011 Rudy Salles (France) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2011 - 4 Mar 2011 Mohamed Abou El Enein (Egypt) (b. 1951) 4 Mar 2011 - 29 Oct 2011 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(2nd time)(s.a.) 29 Oct 2011 - 13 Oct 2012 Fayez al-Tarawneh (Jordan) (b. 1949) 13 Oct 2012 - 2 Feb 2015 Francesco Amoruso (Italy) (b. 1956) 2 Feb 2015 - 18 Dec 2015 Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah (Morocco) (b. 1949) 18 Dec 2015 - 23 Feb 2017 Lhou Lmarbouh (Morocco) (b. 1954) 23 Feb 2017 - 23 Feb 2019 António Pedro Roque da Visitação (b. 1963) Oliveira (Portugal) (1st time) 23 Feb 2019 - 21 Feb 2020 Alia Hatoug-Bouran (f) (Jordan) 21 Feb 2020 - 7 Jun 2021 Karim Abdel Karim Darwish (Egypt) (b. 1965) 7 Jun 2021 - 13 Oct 2022 Gennaro Migliore (Italy) (b. 1968) 13 Oct 2022 - 2 Mar 2023 António Pedro Roque da Visitação (s.a.) Oliveira (Portugal) (2nd time) (ad-interim) 2 Mar 2023 - Enaam Mayara (Morocco) (b. 1968) PAM membership (31)

Date of Admission	Member Parliaments
`11 Sep 2006`	`Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya,` `Macedonia¹, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Palestine, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey`
`28 Oct 2010`	`Andorra`
`12 Oct 2012`	`Mauritania`
`23 Feb 2017`	`Romania²`
`15 Feb 2018`	`San Marino`
`9 Mar 2022`	`Qatar^³, United Arab Emirates^⁴`
`¹as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.^²Romania an associate member 25 Sep 2008 - 23 Feb 2017.^³Qatar an associate member 23 Jan 2019 - 9 Mar 2022.^⁴U.A.E. an associate member 24 Jun 2019 - 9 Mar 2022.`

Date of Admission	Associate Members
`2 Feb 2015`	`Sovereign Military Order of Malta`
`2022?`	`Holy See`

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

[Permanent Court of
Arbitration (PCA) flag]

PCA website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

29 Jul 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA)(Cour Permanente d'Arbitrage) founded by the "Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes" (Hague Convention)(effective 4 Sep 1900). 18 Oct 1907 Convention revised by (second) Hague Peace Conference (effective 26 Jan 1910). Secretaries-general (all from Netherlands, except as noted) 4 Sep 1900 - 1 Aug 1901 Baron Robert Melvil van Lynden (b. 1843 - d. 1910) 1901 - 1905 Leonard HenriRuyssenaers (b. 1850 - d. 1913) 1 Oct 1905 - 4 Feb 1929 Baron Louis Paul Marie Hubert (b. 1855 - d. 1929) Michiels van Verduynen 1929 - 17 Nov 1946 Claude Crommelin (b. 1873 - d. 1946) 1 Jan 1948 - 26 Mar 1951 Jonkheer Aarnout Marinus Snouck (b. 1882 - d. 1951) Hurgronje 1 Jun 1951 - 4 Feb 1953 Alexander Loudon (b. 1892 - d. 1953)1954 - 1968 Mark Johan François (b. 1889 - d. 1978) 1968 - 1980 Baron Eric Oswald van Boetzelaer (b. 1903 - d. 1991) 1981 - 1990 Jacob Varekamp (b. 1916 - d. 2003) 1990 - 1999 Pieter Jan Hans Jonkman (b. 1925 - d. 2012) 25 May 1999 - 1 Sep 2008 Tjaco Theo van den Hout (b. 1949) 1 Sep 2008 - 31 Dec 2011 Christiaan Mark JohanKröner (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 May 2012 Brooks W. Daly (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1968) 1 Jun 2012 - 31 May 2022 Hugo Hans Siblesz (b. 1948) 1 Jun 2022 - Marcin Piotr Czepelak (Poland) (b. 1978)
PCA membership (122)

Date of Admission	Member Nations (being signatory to Hague Conventions of 1899 or 1907)
`4 Sep 1900`	`Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Persia², Portugal, Romania, Russia³, Siam⁴, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States`
`6 Oct 1900`	`Japan`
`16 Oct 1900`	`Montenegro⁵`
`29 Dec 1900`	`Switzerland`
`4 Apr 1901`	`Greece`
`17 Apr 1901`	`Mexico`
`11 May 1901`	`Serbia⁶`
`12 Jul 1901`	`Luxembourg`
`17 Mar 1903`	`Korea⁷`
`21 Nov 1904`	`China⁸`
`12 Jun 1907`	`Turkey⁹`
`15 Jun 1907`	`Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela`
`17 Jun 1907`	`Uruguay`
`20 Jun 1907`	`El Salvador`
`3 Jul 1907`	`Ecuador`
`26 May 1922`	`Poland`
`9 Jun 1922`	`Finland`
`11 Apr 1929`	`Czechoslovakia¹⁰`
`29 Jul 1950`	`India`
`5 Aug 1950`	`Pakistan`
`9 Feb 1955`	`Ceylon¹¹`
`7 Mar 1955`	`Soviet Union³`
`18 Jul 1955`	`Laos`
`8 Dec 1955`	`Iceland`
`4 Jan 1956`	`Cambodia`
`10 Feb 1959`	`New Zealand`
`1 Apr 1960`	`Australia`
`19 Aug 1960`	`Canada`
`25 Mar 1961`	`Congo (Kinshasa)¹²`
`1 Aug 1960`	`Cameroon`
`30 Aug 1961`	`Upper Volta¹³`
`1 Dec 1961`	`Honduras`
`4 Apr 1962`	`Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁴`
`4 Jun 1962`	`Byelorussian S.S.R.¹⁵`
`17 Jun 1962`	`Israel`
`30 Apr 1966`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1966`	`The Sudan`
`14 Feb 1968`	`Lebanon`
`7 Sep 1968`	`Malta`
`4 Nov 1968`	`Egypt`
`3 Aug 1970`	`Mauritius`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Iraq`
`25 Dec 1970`	`Swaziland¹⁶`
`2 Apr 1973`	`Fiji`
`1 Aug 1977`	`Senegal`
`19 Sep 1984`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Feb 1987`	`Nigeria`
`8 Oct 1991`	`Croatia`
`27 Jan 1992`	`Jordan`
`4 Jun 1992`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`27 Dec 1992`	`Suriname`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`11 Sep 1993`	`Singapore`
`12 Nov 1993`	`Cyprus`
`23 Sep 1994`	`Liechtenstein`
`2 Sep 1996`	`Libya`
`1 Oct 1996`	`Slovenia`
`4 Oct 1997`	`Eritrea`
`25 Jan 1998`	`Guyana`
`21 Dec 1998`	`South Africa`
`20 Jul 1999`	`Costa Rica`
`31 Dec 1999`	`Zambia`
`21 Feb 2000`	`South Korea`
`17 Feb 2001`	`Macedonia¹⁷`
`4 Jun 2001`	`Morocco`
`12 Aug 2001`	`Latvia`
`4 Sep 2001`	`Yugoslavia`
`20 Jan 2002`	`Saudi Arabia`
`6 May 2002`	`Malaysia`
`6 Jul 2002`	`Ireland`
`21 Jan 2003`	`Belize`
`1 Sep 2003`	`Estonia`
`14 Sep 2003`	`Kuwait`
`28 Sep 2003`	`Ethiopia`
`17 Dec 2004`	`Togo`
`9 Jan 2005`	`Lithuania`
`16 Sep 2005`	`Benin`
`2 Dec 2005`	`Qatar`
`5 Jun 2006`	`Serbia⁶`
`11 Jun 2006`	`Kenya`
`10 Apr 2007`	`Montenegro⁵`
`29 Aug 2008`	`Bahrain`
`5 Jan 2009`	`United Arab Emirates`
`7 Oct 2009`	`Madagascar`
`17 Jul 2010`	`Philippines`
`19 Apr 2011`	`Rwanda`
`27 Dec 2011`	`Albania`
`29 Dec 2011`	`Vietnam`
`26 Feb 2012`	`Bangladesh`
`20 Oct 2014`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`22 Mar 2015`	`Georgia`
`29 Dec 2015`	`Palestine`
`5 Jan 2016`	`Kosovo`
`17 Apr 2016`	`Djibouti`
`13 Jun 2016`	`The Bahamas`
`14 May 2019`	`Mongolia`
`¹from 7 Sep 1949 Federal Republic of Germany.²from 1935 Iran.³from 30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, which acceded to Hague Conventions 7 Mar 1955; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.⁴from 1939 Thailand.⁵Montenegro acceded to the Geneva Convention 16 Oct 1900; part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec 1918; renamed Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003, which dissolved 3 Jun 2006; Montenegro re-acceded to the Conventions on 10 Apr 2007.⁶Serbia from 1 Dec 1918 part of Serb, Croat and Slovene State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; from 4 Sep 2001 as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `⁷Korea annexed by Japan29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945.⁸Chinarepresented by` `Republic of China 1 Jan 1912 - 6 Apr 1972, when the PCA recognized the People's Republic of Chinaas the representative of China.⁹as Ottoman Empire to 1920.¹⁰Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.¹¹from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹²to 1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹³from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁴from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁵from 1991 Belarus.¹⁶from 2018 Eswatini.¹⁷as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.`

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ): see International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): see COMESA

Red Cross and Red Crescent

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919

[International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRCS)]

IFRCS Flag

IFRCS website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)(Paris, France
1919-1939)

IFRCS Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

5 May 1919 League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded. 27 Jul 1929 Red Crescent adopted as an additional emblem. 11 Oct 1983 League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS). 27 Nov 1991 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS).

Chairmen 1919 - 1922 Henry P. Davison (U.S.) (b. 1867 - d. 1922) 1922 - 1935 John Barton Payne (U.S.) (b. 1855 - d. 1935) 1935 - 1938 Cary T. Grayson (U.S.) (b. 1878 - d. 1938) 1938 - 1944 Norman Davis (U.S.) (b. 1878 - d. 1944) 1944 - 1945 Jean de Muralt (Switzerland) (b. 1877 - d. 1947) (Johannes von Muralt)(acting) 1945 - 1950 Basil O'Connor (U.S.) (b. 1892 - d. 1972) 1950 - 1959 Emil Sandström (Sweden) (b. 1886 - d. 1962) 1959 - 1965 John MacAulay (Canada) (b. 1895 - d. 1978) 1965 - 1977 José Barroso Chávez(Mexico) (b. 1925 - d. 2008) Presidents 1977 - 1981 Adetunji Adefarasin (Nigeria) (b. 1921 - d. 1989) 1981 - 1987 Enrique de la Mata (Spain) (b. 1933 - d. 1987) 1987 - 1997 Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander (b. 1947) (Venezuela) Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001 Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg (f)(Norway)(b. 1936 - d. 2020) 10 Nov 2001 - 21 Nov 2009 Juan Manuel Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952) (Spain) 21 Nov 2009 - 8 Nov 2017 Tadateru Konoe (Japan) (b. 1939) 8 Nov 2017 - Francesco Rocca (Italy) (b. 1965) 2 Mar 2023 - Natia Loladze (f) (Georgia) (b. 1985) (acting for Rocca)

Secretaries-generalJul 1919 - 1920 William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d. 1958) 1921 - 1926 René Sand (Belgium) (b. 1877 - d. 1953) 1927 - 1930 Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1957) 1931 Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.) (b. 1862 - d. 1935)1931 - Jan 1932 Gordon Lookwood Berry (U.S.) (b. 1884 - d. 1932)1932 - 1936 Ernest J. Swift (U.S.) (b. 1883 - d. 1941) 1936 - 1957 Bonabès de Rougé (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1975) 1958 - 1960 Henry Weyman Dunning (U.S.) (b. 1895 - d. 1977) 1960 - 1981 Henrik Beer (Sweden) (b. 1915 - d. 1987) 1982 - 1987 Hans Hoegh (Norway) (b. 1926 - d. 2010) 1988 - 1992 Pär Stenbäck (Finland) (b. 1941) 1993 - 1999 George B. Weber (Canada) (b. 1946) 2000 - 2003 Didier J. Cherpitel (France) (b. 1944) 2003 - 2008 Markku Niskala (Finland) (b. 1945 - d. 2018) 1 Jul 2008 - 2014 Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia) (b. 1944) 1 Aug 2014 - 2020 Elhadj As Sy (Senegal) (b. 1954) 1 Feb 2020 - Jagan Chapagain (Nepal) (b. 1968?)

IFRCS membership (192)

Date of Admission	Member National Societies
`5 May 1919`	`France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States`
`27 May 1919`	`Belgium, Norway¹`
`28 May 1919`	`Portugal`
`17 Jun 1919`	`Brazil`
`19 Jun 1919`	`Australia, Peru`
`20 Jun 1919`	`Canada`
`23 Jun 1919`	`Argentina`
`24 Jun 1919`	`South Africa`
`26 Jun 1919`	`Greece,` `Sweden²`
`11 Jul 1919`	`New Zealand`
`12 Jul 1919`	`Denmark³`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Romania`
`15 Jul 1919`	`Venezuela`
`17 Jul 1919`	`Cuba`
`27 Jul 1919`	`China⁴`
`7 Aug 1919`	`India`
`15 Aug 1919`	`The Netherlands`
`22 Aug 1919`	`Serbia⁵, Spain`
`16 Sep 1919`	`Poland`
`2 Nov 1919`	`Switzerland`
`11 Jan 1920`	`Czechoslovakia⁶`
`17 Jan 1920`	`Uruguay`
`1 Feb 1920`	`Chile`
`8 Apr 1921`	`Siam⁷`
`20 Apr 1921`	`Austria`
`8 Jun 1921`	`Finland`
`14 Jun 1921`	`Hungary`
`20 Jul 1921`	`Bulgaria`
`29 Oct 1921`	`Luxembourg`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`29 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`5 Apr 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`15 Jul 1922`	`Germany⁸`
`25 May 1923`	`Bolivia, Danzig⁹, Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`5 Oct 1923`	`Mexico`
`7 Jan 1924`	`Netherlands East Indies¹⁰`
`13 Feb 1925`	`Panama`
`30 May 1925`	`Iceland`
`24 Jun 1925`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jan 1929`	`Persia¹¹`
`23 Jun 1929`	`Egypt`
`7 Apr 1930`	`Turkey`
`19 Jan 1931`	`Dominican Republic`
`23 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`17 Oct 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Oct 1934`	`Soviet Union¹²`
`3 May 1937`	`Haiti`
`24 Nov 1945`	`Ireland`
`27 Nov 1945`	`Honduras`
`5 Dec 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 May 1946`	`Burma¹³`
`18 Aug 1948`	`Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria¹⁴`
`16 Oct 1950`	`Ethiopia, Indonesia, Jordan`
`25 Jul 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁵, San Marino, West Germany¹⁶`
`26 Oct 1957`	`Afghanistan, East Germany¹⁶, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, South Vietnam¹⁷, Tunisia`
`4 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁷, The Sudan`
`26 Sep 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Mongolia,Morocco`
`2 Oct 1961`	`Cambodia, Nigeria, Togo`
`28 Aug 1963`	`Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁸, Dahomey¹⁹, Ivory Coast²⁰, Madagascar²¹, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago, Upper Volta²³`
`28 Sep 1965`	`Jamaica, Nepal, Niger, Uganda`
`5 Sep 1967`	`Kenya, Zambia`
`1 Sep 1969`	`Guyana, Kuwait, Mali, Somalia`
`12 Oct 1971`	`Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi`
`2 Nov 1973`	`Bahrain, Bangladesh, Fiji, Mauritania, Singapore`
`29 Oct 1975`	`Central African Republic, The Gambia`
`7 Oct 1977`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville), Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Oct 1979`	`Swaziland²⁴`
`2 Nov 1981`	`Qatar, Tonga`
`8 Oct 1983`	`Rwanda, Yemen (Sana)²⁵, Zimbabwe`
`20 Oct 1985`	`Barbados,` `Belize,Cape Verde²⁶, São Tomé and Príncipe, Western Samoa²⁷Yemen (Aden)²⁵`
`18 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Saint Lucia, Suriname, United Arab Emirates`
`23 Nov 1987`	`Grenada`
`21 Oct 1989`	`Chad, Dominica, Mozambique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`25 Nov 1991`	`Latvia²⁸, Lithuania²⁹, Solomon Islands`
`25 Oct 1993`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia³⁰, Malta, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`27 Nov 1995`	`Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Equatorial Guinea, Macedonia³¹, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`20 Nov 1997`	`Brunei Darussalam, Georgia, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, Tajikistan`
`23 Oct 1999`	`Gabon`
`7 Nov 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Moldova`
`28 Nov 2003`	`Cook Islands, Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`11 Nov 2005`	`Comoros, Timor-Leste`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`20 Nov 2007`	`Montenegro³²`
`23 Nov 2011`	`Maldives`
`12 Nov 2013`	`Cyprus, South Sudan`
`4 Dec 2015`	`Tuvalu`
`5 Dec 2019`	`Bhutan,` `Marshall Islands³³`
`¹Norway withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1 Jan 1930.²Sweden withdrew 7 May 1927, rejoined 1930.` `³Denmark withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1930.⁴from Oct 1950 the national Red Cross Society of People's Republic of China was a participant of the Federation's Board of Governors meetings and therefore accepted by the Federation as the Chinese Red Cross (the Chinese Red Cross was partly disbanded 1966-1978);in 1952 at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer.Formosa (Taiwan) was invited as an observer at 1957 and 1965, Taiwan has not been invited since 13 Sep 1969.` `⁵Serbia part of Yugoslaviafrom` `1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia.⁶Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.` `⁷from 1941 Thailand.` `⁸IFRCS recognition of Germany revoked 1945.⁹Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹⁰from 1949 independent as Indonesia, which joined 16 Oct 1950.¹¹from 1935 Iran.¹²Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia, succession formally recognized 5 Oct 1992.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁴Syrian Red Crescent was recognized by IFRCS as part of United Arab Republic Red Crescent on 29 Sep 1959, but was readmitted on 28 Sep 1962.¹⁵from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁶East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991.¹⁷South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁸Congo` `(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁹from 1975 Benin.²⁰from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²¹to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²³from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁴from 2018 Eswatini.²⁵Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen, the separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990.²⁶from 2013 Cabo Verde.²⁷from 1997 Samoa.²⁸Latvian Red Cross originally admitted 10 Jan 1923.²⁹Lithuanian Red Cross originally admitted 12 Jan 1924.³⁰Estonian Red Cross originally admitted 25 Feb 1922.³¹as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³²Montenegro provisional member 26 Oct 2006 - 20 Nov 2007.³³Marshall Islands provisional member 15 Mar 2018 - 5 Dec 2019.`

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Red Cross Adopted 22 Aug 1864

Red Crescent Adopted 27 Jul 1929

Red Crystal Adopted 14 Jan 2007

[International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) flag]

ICRC Flag Adopted c.1975

ICRC website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ICRC Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, as the birth of the International Red Cross Movement, by Jean Henri Dunant (b. 1828 - d. 1910). 22 Aug 1864 First "Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed (revised 1906, 1929, and 1949). 20 Dec 1875 Renamed International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). 6 Jul 1906 Second Geneva "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field" signed (revised 27 July 1929) and replaced 12 Aug 1949 as "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea." 27 Jul 1929 Third Geneva "Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" signed (revised 12 Aug 1949). 12 Aug 1949 Fourth Geneva "Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War" signed.

Presidents (all from Switzerland) 9 Feb 1863 - 31 Mar 1864 Guillaume Henri Dufour (b. 1787 - d. 1875) 31 Mar 1864 - 21 Aug 1910 Gustave Moynier (b. 1826 - d. 1910) 26 Aug 1910 - 31 Mar 1928 Gustave Ador (b. 1845 - d. 1928) 1917 - 1920 Édouard Naville (b. 1844 - d. 1926) (acting for Ador) 12 May 1928 - 31 Dec 1944 Max Huber (b. 1874 - d. 1960) 1 Jan 1945 - May 1948 Carl Burckhardt (b. 1891 - d. 1974) (absent 24 Feb 1945 - Apr 1948) 24 Feb 1945 - Feb 1947 Max Huber (s.a.) (acting for Burckhardt) Feb 1947 - May 1948 Ernest Gloor (b. 1893 - d. 1964) + Martin Bodmer (b. 1899 - d. 1971) (acting for Burckhardt) 12 May 1948 - 31 Aug 1955 Paul Ruegger (b. 1897 - d. 1988) 1 Sep 1955 - 30 Sep 1964 Léopold Boissier (b. 1893 - d. 1968) 1 Oct 1964 - Jan 1969 Samuel Gonard (b. 1896 - d. 1975) 9 Jan 1969 - 31 May 1973 Marcel Naville (b. 1919 - d. 2003) 1 Jun 1973 - 30 Jun 1976 Eric Martin (b. 1900 - d. 1980) 1 Jul 1976 - 6 May 1987 Alexandre Hay (b. 1919 - d. 1991) 7 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1999 Cornelio Sommaruga (b. 1932) 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2012 Jakob Kellenberger (b. 1944) 1 Jul 2012 - 30 Sep 2022 Peter Maurer (b. 1956) 1 Oct 2022 - Mirjana Spoljaric Egger (f) (b. 1972)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)


Adopted 1982

ICRM website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ICRC Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, birth of the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM).22 Aug 1864 First Geneva Convention signed. 26 Oct 1928 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) formally established with the adoption of "Statutes of the International Red Cross."

Chairmen of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent1928 - 1934 Pierre Nolf (Belgium) (b. 1873 - d. 1953) 1934 - 1938 Prince Iesato Tokugawa (Japan) (b. 1863 - d. 1940) 1938 - 1946 Sir Arthur Stanley (U.K.) (b. 1869 - d. 1947) 1946 - 1948 Count Folke Bernadotte (Sweden) (b. 1894 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1965 André François-Poncet (France) (b. 1887 - d. 1978) 1965 - 1973 Angela Olivia Pery, Countess of (b. 1897 - d. 1981) Limerick (f)(U.K.) 1973 - 1977 Sir Geoffrey Newman-Morris (b. 1909 - d. 1981) (Australia) 1977 - 1981 Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1994) 1981 - 1993 Ahmed Abu-Goura (Jordan) 1993 - 1995 Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein- (b. 1927 - d. 2008) Hohenstein (Germany) 1995 - 2003 Princess Margriet van Oranje- (b. 1943) Nassau(f) (The Netherlands) 5 Dec 2003 - 26 Nov 2009 Mohammed Al-Hadid (Jordan) (b. 1951) 26 Nov 2009 - 28 Nov 2011 Massimo Barra (Italy) (b. 1947) 28 Nov 2011 - 8 Dec 2015 Greg Vickery (Australia) (b. 1946) 8 Dec 2015 - 31 Aug 2017 Eva Margareta von Oelreich (f) (b. 1944) (Sweden) 1 Sep 2017 - 11 Dec 2019 George B. Weber (Canada) (b. 1946) 11 Dec 2019 - Mercedes Babé y Romero (f)(Spain) (b. 1950)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) membership (192)

Date of ICRC Recognition	National Societies
`16 Dec 1863`	`Württemberg¹`
`2 Jan 1864`	`Oldenburg¹`
`4 Feb 1864`	`Belgium`
`6 Feb 1864`	`Prussia¹`
`15 Jun 1864`	`Italy`
`24 Jun 1864`	`Mecklenburg-Schwerin¹`
`18 Oct 1864`	`Hamburg¹`
`19 Dec 1864`	`Hesse-Darmstadt¹`
`13 Apr 1865`	`Sweden`
`22 Sep 1865`	`Norway`
`7 Jun 1866`	`Saxony¹`
`29 Jun 1866`	`Baden¹`
`22 Aug 1866`	`Switzerland`
`15 May 1867`	`Russia`
`5 Jan 1868`	`Bavaria¹`
`8 Aug 1868`	`Turkey`
`21 Sep 1868`	`The Netherlands`
`4 Aug 1870`	`United Kingdom`
`1 Jan 1871`	`Germany¹`
`10 Feb 1876`	`Montenegro²`
`27 Apr 1876`	`Denmark`
`14 Jun 1876`	`Serbia`
`23 Aug 1876`	`Romania`
`6 Oct 1877`	`Greece`
`14 Mar 1880`	`Austria`
`8 May 1880`	`Peru`
`10 Jan 1882`	`Argentina`
`20 Jan 1882`	`Hungary`
`20 Sep 1882`	`United States`
`20 Oct 1885`	`Bulgaria`
`13 Jul 1887`	`Portugal`
`2 Sep 1887`	`Japan`
`14 Jun 1889`	`Congo Free State³`
`6 Jun 1893`	`Spain`
`7 Apr 1896`	`Venezuela`
`15 Jun 1900`	`Uruguay`
`25 Jun 1900`	`Transvaal⁴`
`23 Oct 1905`	`Korea⁵`
`1 Mar 1907`	`France`
`30 Apr 1909`	`Chile`
`7 Sep 1909`	`Cuba`
`3 Jan 1912`	`Mexico`
`15 Jan 1912`	`China⁶`
`16 Mar 1912`	`Brazil`
`14 Oct 1914`	`Luxembourg`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Poland`
`1 Dec 1919`	`Czechoslovakia⁷`
`24 May 1920`	`Finland`
`27 May 1920`	`Siam⁸`
`15 Oct 1921`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`16 Mar 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`22 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`10 Oct 1922`	`Danzig¹⁰`
`10 Jan 1923`	`Bolivia`
`10 Apr 1923`	`Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`1 Feb 1924`	`Egypt`
`20 Apr 1924`	`Panama`
`30 May 1924`	`Persia¹¹`
`9 Apr 1925`	`Iceland`
`25 Apr 1925`	`El Salvador`
`15 Nov 1927`	`Canada`
`16 Nov 1927`	`Dominican Republic`
`17 Nov 1927`	`Australia`
`10 May 1928`	`South Africa¹²`
`28 Feb 1929`	`India`
`16 Jun 1932`	`New Zealand`
`16 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`15 Sep 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Sep 1935`	`Haiti`
`26 Sep 1935`	`Ethiopia`
`5 Aug 1938`	`Honduras`
`20 Apr 1939`	`Burma¹³`
`2 Nov 1939`	`Ireland`
`22 Jun 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`12 Oct 1946`	`Syria¹⁴`
`30 Jan 1947`	`Lebanon`
`5 May 1947`	`Philippines`
`20 Mar 1948`	`Monaco`
`21 Jul 1948`	`Pakistan`
`9 Dec 1948`	`Jordan¹⁵`
`15 Jun 1950`	`Indonesia`
`19 Oct 1950`	`San Marino`
`6 Mar 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁶`
`26 Jun 1952`	`West Germany¹⁷`
`2 Sep 1954`	`Afghanistan`
`6 Nov 1954`	`East Germany¹⁷`
`26 May 1955`	`South Korea`
`2 Feb 1956`	`North Korea`
`23 May 1957`	`Laos, South Vietnam¹⁸`
`12 Sep 1957`	`Tunisia`
`1 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁸, The Sudan`
`7 Aug 1958`	`Morocco`
`9 Sep 1958`	`Libya`
`5 Feb 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia`
`15 Sep 1959`	`Mongolia`
`6 Oct 1960`	`Cambodia`
`4 May 1961`	`Nigeria`
`7 Sep 1961`	`Togo`
`1 Nov 1962`	`Sierra Leone, Upper Volta¹⁹`
`4 Jul 1963`	`Algeria, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)²⁰, Malaysia`
`8 Aug 1963`	`Ivory Coast²¹, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago`
`22 Aug 1963`	`Burundi, Dahomey²³`
`26 Aug 1963`	`Madagascar²⁴`
`1 Oct 1964`	`Jamaica, Nepal`
`2 Sep 1965`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1965`	`Niger`
`3 Nov 1966`	`Kenya`
`8 Dec 1966`	`Zambia`
`14 Sep 1967`	`Mali`
`6 Jun 1968`	`Kuwait`
`8 Aug 1968`	`Guyana`
`3 Jul 1969`	`Somalia`
`5 Feb 1970`	`Botswana`
`23 Jul 1970`	`Malawi`
`7 Sep 1971`	`Lesotho`
`14 Sep 1972`	`Bahrain`
`6 Jun 1973`	`Mauritania`
`20 Sep 1973`	`Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore`
`24 Oct 1973`	`Central African Republic`
`10 Oct 1974`	`The Gambia`
`16 Dec 1976`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville)`
`15 Sep 1977`	`Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Apr 1979`	`Swaziland²⁵`
`15 Oct 1981`	`Tonga`
`26 Oct 1981`	`Qatar`
`22 Apr 1982`	`Yemen (Sana)²⁶`
`6 Oct 1982`	`Rwanda`
`7 Sep 1983`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 Mar 1984`	`Belize`
`30 Aug 1984`	`Barbados, Western Samoa²⁷,` `Yemen (Aden)²⁶`
`14 Mar 1985`	`Cape Verde²⁸`
`3 Oct 1985`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`27 Aug 1986`	`Guinea-Bissau, United Arab Emirates`
`1 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Guinea, Saint Lucia, Suriname`
`15 Oct 1986`	`Djibouti`
`12 Mar 1987`	`Grenada`
`15 Apr 1988`	`Chad`
`29 Sep 1988`	`Mozambique`
`15 Mar 1989`	`Dominica`
`4 Oct 1989`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`3 Oct 1991`	`Solomon Islands`
`7 Nov 1991`	`Lithuania²⁹`
`20 Nov 1991`	`Latvia³⁰`
`3 Jun 1992`	`Seychelles`
`27 Aug 1992`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`4 Nov 1992`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`3 Jun 1993`	`Seychelles`
`31 Mar 1993`	`Estonia³⁷, Namibia`
`25 Aug 1993`	`Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia`
`29 Sep 1993`	`Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`21 Oct 1993`	`Malta`
`24 Mar 1994`	`Andorra`
`28 Sep 1994`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`1 Nov 1995`	`Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Macedonia³²`
`6 Nov 1996`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`19 Mar 1997`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`30 Sep 1997`	`Kiribati, Palau`
`6 Nov 1997`	`Georgia, Tajikistan`
`19 Aug 1999`	`Gabon`
`8 May 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`24 Oct 2001`	`Moldova`
`12 Dec 2002`	`Cook Islands`
`20 Nov 2003`	`Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`22 Sep 2005`	`Comoros`
`9 Nov 2005`	`Timor-Leste`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`21 Sep 2006`	`Montenegro³³`
`23 Nov 2011`	`Maldives`
`23 Feb 2012`	`Cyprus`
`18 Jun 2013`	`South Sudan`
`18 Nov 2015`	`Tuvalu`
`20 Dec 2017`	`Marshall Islands`
`28 Nov 2019`	`Bhutan`
`¹united as Germany 1 Jan 1871;Hamburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg, Prussia and Saxony part of North German Confederation1 Jul 1867 - 1 Jan 1871; Red Crosses unifiedon 25 Jan 1921 as Red Cross Society of Germany, which was de facto recognized by the ICRC until 1945.²Montenegro and Serbiawere part of Yugoslavia` `from1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia.³from 1908 Belgian Congo a branch of the Belgian Red Cross;recognized by ICRC 4 Jul 1963 asCongo (Kinshasa) Red Cross.⁴from 1902` `Transvaal a branch of the British Red Cross; from1921 part of South African Red Cross which was recognized by ICRC 10 May 1928.⁵Korea a branch of Japanese Red Cross 1910-1945; separate North and South Korean Red Cross Societies recognized in 1955 and 1956.⁶at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross in 1952 the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer on the principle that there may only be only one National Red Cross Society per country. On 28 Jul 1952 the invitations of the Standing Commission were confirmed by a vote of Conference delegates.Formosa (Taiwan) was an invited observer 1957 and 1965. Taiwan was not invited as an observer after 13 Sep 1969; The People's Republic of China Red Cross Society was partly disbanded1966-1978.⁷Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁸from 1941 Thailand.` `⁹Russian Red Cross est.1867, by decree of 6 Jan 1918 became the Soviet Red Cross; from 1924 Alliance of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR; dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia, succession recognized by ICRC 1 Jul 1992.¹⁰Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹¹from 1935 Iran.` `¹²South Africa suspended from ICRC conference participation25 Oct - Nov 1986.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.` `¹⁴Syria along with Egypt was part of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961; the ICRC did not recognize this new structure as such, but informed other National Red Cross Societies on 10 Sep 1959 that the Syrian Red Crescent was a component of the UAR Red Crescent; on 31 Jul 1962 ICRC noted its autonomy was restored.` `¹⁵to 1946 Transjordan.¹⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁷East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991.¹⁸South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁹from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁰Congo(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.` `²³from 1975 Benin.²⁴to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²⁵from 2018 Eswatini.²⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen the separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990.²⁷from 1997 Samoa.²⁸from 2013 Cabo Verde.²⁹Lithuanian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 28 Aug 1923.³⁰Latvian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 10 Jan 1923.³¹Estonian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 11 Apr 1922.` `³²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³³Montenegro provisional member to 20 Nov 2007.`
`Note: the procedure of recognition of new National Societies by the ICRC came into force from 1887. National Societies created before this date became members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) without formal recognition by the ICRC.`

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

[Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation flag]

SCO website Headquarters: Beijing
(China)

26 Apr 1996 "Shanghai Five" regional security treaty signed. 15 Jun 2001 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). 19 Sep 2003 SCO charter enters into force. 15 Jan 2004 Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general 15 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2006 Zhang Deguang (China) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2010 BolatQabdylkhamïtuly Nurghalïev (b. 1951) (Bolat Kabdylkhamitovich Nurgaliyev) (Kazakhstan) 21 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2012 Muratbek Sansyzbayevich Imanaliyev(b. 1956) (Kyrgyzstan) 1 Jan 2013 - 12 Jan 2016 Dmitriy Fyodorovich Mezentsev (b. 1959) (Russia) 12 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2018 Rashid Kutbudinovich Alimov (b. 1953) (Tajikistan) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2021 Vladimir Imamovich Norov (b. 1955) (Uzbekistan) 1 Jan 2022 - Zhang Ming (China) (b. 1957)

SCO membership (9)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

15 Jun 2001 China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan

7 Jun 2002 Uzbekistan

9 Jun 2017 India, Pakistan

4 Jul 2023 Iran

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

[Flag of South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)]
Adopted 8 Dec 1985

SAARC website Headquarters: Kathmandu
(Nepal) SAARC Day: 8 Dec (1985)
SAARC Charter Day

8 Dec 1985 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) established.

Secretaries-general 16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan (Bangladesh) (b. 1936 - d. 2008)17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore Bhargava (India) (b. 1934 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim Hussain Zaki (Maldives) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant Silwal (Nepal) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U. Hasan (Pakistan) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal Rodrigo (Sri Lanka) (b. c.1945) 11 Jan 2002 - 28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim (Bangladesh) (b. 1942 - d. 2021) 1 Mar 2005 - 29 Feb 2008 Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji (Bhutan) (b. 1943) 1 Mar 2008 - 28 Feb 2011 Sheel Kanta Sharma (India) (b. 1950) 1 Mar 2011 - 22 Jan 2012 Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed (f) (b. 1974) (Maldives) 22 Jan 2012 - 12 Mar 2012 Damayanthi Rajapakse (f)(Sri Lanka) (acting)12 Mar 2012 - 28 Feb 2014 Ahmed Saleem (Maldives) (b. 1949) 1 Mar 2014 - 28 Feb 2017 Arjun Bahadur Thapa (Nepal) (b. 1956) 1 Mar 2017 -29 Feb 2020 Amjad Hussain B. Sial (Pakistan) (b. 1956) 1 Mar 2020 - Esala Ruwan Weerakoon (Sri Lanka) (b. 1961?)

SAARC membership (8)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

8 Dec 1985 Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

3 Apr 2007 Afghanistan

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

[Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization (SEATO) flag 1959-1977]
19 Feb 1959 - 30 Jun 1977

Southeast Asia Collective
Defense Treaty
(8 Sep 1954) Headquarters: Bangkok
(Thailand) SEATO Day: 8 Sep (1954)
SEATO Day

8 Sep 1954 Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, also called the "Manila Pact", signed.19 Feb 1955 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) established. 1 Feb 1974 Dissolution of military structures. 30 Jun 1977 SEATO dissolved.

Secretaries-general 5 Sep 1957 - 22 Sep 1957 Pote Sarasin (1st time)(Thailand) (b. 1905 - d. 2000) 22 Sep 1957 - 10 Jan 1958 William Worth (Australia) (b. 1912 - d. 2001) (1st time)(acting) 10 Jan 1958 - 13 Dec 1963 Pote Sarasin (2nd time)(Thailand) (s.a.) 13 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964 William Worth (Australia) (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting) 19 Feb 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Konthi Suphamongkhon (Thailand) (b. 1916 - d. 2011) 1 Jul 1965 - 5 Sep 1972 Jesus Miranda Vargas (Philippines) (b. 1905 - d. 1994) 5 Sep 1972 - 30 Jun 1977 Sunthorn Hongladarom (Thailand) (b. 1912 - d. 2005)

SEATO membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

19 Feb 1955 Australia, France¹, New Zealand, Pakistan², Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States

¹France ceased financial contributions from 30 Jun 1974.²Pakistan withdrew 7 Nov 1973.

South Pacific Forum: see Pacific Islands Forum

Southern African Development Community (SADC)


1980 - 1992


Adopted 28 Aug 1995

SADC website

Anthem
"SADC Anthem"
Adopted Aug 2004

Headquarters: Gaborone
(Botswana)

SADC Day:
17 Aug (1992)
SADC Day

1 Apr 1980 Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC). 17 Aug 1992 Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Executive Secretaries 1980 - 1982 Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana) (b. 1944) (1st time) (acting) Oct 1982 - Mar 1984 FrederickArthur Blumeris (b. 1940 - d. 1984) (Zimbabwe) 1984 Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 1984 - 31 Dec 1993 Simba Makoni (Zimbabwe) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1999 Kaire Mbuende (Namibia) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Aug 2005 Prega Ramsamy (Mauritius) (b. 1950) (acting to 9 Mar 2001) 1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Tomaz Augusto Salomão (Mozambique) (b. 1954) 1 Sep 2013 - 31 Aug 2021 Stergomena Lawrence Tax (f) (b. 1960) (Tanzania) 1 Sep 2021 - Elias Mpedi Magosi (Botswana)

SADC membership (16)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

1 Apr 1980 Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland¹, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

31 Mar 1990 Namibia

30 Aug 1994 South Africa

28 Aug 1995 Mauritius

8 Sep 1997 Congo (Kinshasa), Seychelles²

18 Aug 2005 Madagascar³

17 Aug 2018 Comoros

¹from 2018 Eswatini.²Seychelleswithdrew 1 Jul 2004, rejoined 16 Aug 2008.³Madagascarsuspended 30 Mar 2009 - 30 Jan 2014.

Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)


Adopted 16 Dec 1996 (Spanish)


(Portuguese variant)

MERCOSUR website
----------------------------
PARLASUR website

Headquarters: Montevideo
(Uruguay)

MERCOSUR Day:
26 Mar (1991)
Día del MERCOSUR

26 Mar 1991 Southern Cone Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur/ Mercado Comum do Sul)(Mercosur/Mercosul) founded by the "Treaty of Asunción." 17 Dec 1994 Customs union inaugurated. 1 Jan 1997 Secretariat inaugurated. 6 Dec 2006 Parlamento del Mercosur(Parlasur/Parlasul)effective.

Directors of the Secretariat 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1998 Jorge Enrique Fernández Reyes (b. 1953) (Uruguay) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2000 Ramón Antero Díaz Pereira (b. 1947) (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Santiago José González Cravino (Argentina) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2005 Reginaldo Braga Arcuri (Brazil) (b. 1955?) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2007 José Ernesto Büttner Limprich (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2009 José Manuel Quijano Capurro (b. 1944) (Uruguay) 1 Dec 2010 - 31 Dec 2011 Agustín Miguel Colombo Sierra (b. 1952) (Argentina) 1 Jan 2012 - 30 Jun 2014 Jeferson Miola (Brazil) 1 Jul 2014 - 31 Dec 2016 Oscar Pastore (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 Linda Rabbaglietti Amor (f) (Uruguay) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2020 María Fernanda Monti (f) (Argentina) 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2022 Luiz de Gonzaga Coelho Júnior (Brazil) 1 Jan 2023 - Bernardino Hugo Saguier Caballero (b. 1945) (Paraguay)

Presidents of the Parliament of Mercosur (Parlasur/Parlasul) 7 May 2007 – 25 Jun 2007 Alfonso González Núñez(Paraguay) (b. 1964) 25 Jun 2007 – 18 Dec 2007 Carlos Roberto Conde Carreras (b. 1952) (Uruguay) 18 Dec 2007 – 27 Jun 2008 José Juan Bautista Pampuro (b. 1949) (1st time)(Argentina) 28 Jun 2008 – 10 Feb 2009 Florisvaldo Fier (Brazil) (b. 1950) 10 Feb 2009 – 17 Aug 2009 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín(Paraguay) (1st time) 17 Aug 2009 - 2 Feb 2010 Juan José Domínguez (Uruguay) 2 Feb 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 José Juan Bautista Pampuro (s.a.) (2nd time)(Argentina) 9 Aug 2010 - 6 Jun 2011 Aloizio Mercadante Oliva (Brazil) (b. 1954) 7 Jun 2011 - 12 Aug 2011 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín(Paraguay) (2nd time) 12 Aug 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Azambuja Reinaldo Silva (Brazil) (b. 1963) 1 Jul 2013 - 15 Feb 2015 Rubén Martínez Huelmo (Uruguay) (b. 1949) (acting to 2 Dec 2013) 26 Feb 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Saúl Antonio Ortega Campos (b. 1956) (Venezuela) 1 Jan 2016 - 1 Dec 2016 Jorge Enrique Taiana (Argentina) (b. 1950) 1 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2017 Arlindo Chinaglia Junior (Brazil) (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Tomás Enrique Bittar Navarro (b. 1965) (1st time)(Paraguay) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Daniel Caggiani Gómez (Uruguay) (b. 1983) 1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Oscar Laborde Alberto (Argentina) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Celso Ubirajara Russomanno (Brazil)(b. 1956) 1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Tomás Enrique Bittar Navarro (s.a.) (2nd time)(Paraguay) 1 Jan 2023 - Gustavo Penadés Etchebarne (b. 1965) (Uruguay)

MERCOSUR membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

26 Mar 1991 Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay¹, Uruguay

31 Jul 2012 Venezuela²

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of Mercosur

1 Oct 1996 Chile

1 Jan 1997 Bolivia³

25 Aug 2003 Peru

16 Dec 2004 Colombia, Ecuador

17 Jul 2015 Guyana, Suriname

¹Paraguay suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013.²Venezuela an associate member 16 Dec 2004 - 31 Jul 2012; suspended from 5 Aug 2017.³Bolivia approved for regular membership 17 Jul 2015, in the process of accession.

Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

23 May 2008 - 2011 Unofficial

[Union of
South American Nations (UNASUR) flag]

Adopted 2011

Variant

UNASUR website

Headquarters: Quito (Ecuador)
(Brasilia, Brazil interim 2008-2011)

8 Dec 2004 South American Community of Nations.23 May 2008 Union of South American Nations (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas [UNASUR]/União de Nações Sul-Americanas [UNASUL]) founded.11 Mar 2011 Constitutive Treaty enters into force.

Secretaries-general 4 May 2010 - 27 Oct 2010 Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (b. 1950 - d. 2010) (Argentina) 27 Oct 2010 - 1 Apr 2011 Vacant 1 Apr 2011 - 11 Jun 2012 María Emma Mejía Vélez (f)(Colombia) (b. 1953) (acting to 11 May 2011) 11 Jun 2012 - 11 Sep 2014 Alí RodríguezAraque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d. 2018)11 Sep 2014 - 31 Jan 2017 Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia) (b. 1950) 1 Feb 2017 - Vacant Presidents Pro Tempore 23 May 2008 - 10 Aug 2009 Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (f) (b. 1951) (Chile) 10 Aug 2009 - 26 Nov 2010 Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador) (b. 1963) 26 Nov 2010 - 29 Oct 2011 Bharrat Jagdeo (Guyana) (b. 1964) 29 Oct 2011 - 22 Jun 2012 Fernando Lugo Méndez (Paraguay) (b. 1951) 22 Jun 2012 - 29 Jun 2012 Vacant 29 Jun 2012 - 30 Aug 2013 Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Peru) (b. 1962) 30 Aug 2013 - 4 Dec 2014 Dési Bouterse (Suriname) (b. 1945) 4 Dec 2014 - 1 Mar 2015 José Mujica (Uruguay) (b. 1935) 1 Mar 2015 - 22 Apr 2016 Tabaré Vázquez (Uruguay) (b. 1940 - d. 2020) 23 Apr 2016 - 17 Apr 2017 Nicolás Maduro Moros (Venezuela) (b. 1962) 18 Apr 2017 - 17 Apr 2018 Mauricio Macri (Argentina) (b. 1959)17 Apr 2018 - 16 Apr 2019 Juan Evo Morales Ayma (Bolivia) (b. 1959)17 Apr 2019 - Vacant
UNASUR membership (5)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`11 Mar 2011`	`Argentina¹, Bolivia², Chile¹, Colombia³, Ecuador⁴, Guyana,` `Peru⁵,` `Suriname,Uruguay⁶, Venezuela`
`14 Jul 2011`	`Brazil¹`
`11 Aug 2011`	`Paraguay⁷`
`¹suspended own participation 20 Apr 2018; announcedwithdrawal27 Aug 2018(to be effective six months later); Colombia announced its intent to return 30 May 2023.²Bolivia announced withdrawal 18 Nov 2019(to be effective six months later), withdrawal rescinded 20 Nov 2020.³Colombia suspended own membership 20 Apr 2018,announcedwithdrawal` `10 Aug 2018` `(to be effective six months later).⁴Ecuador announced its withdrawal 13Mar 2019(to be effective six months later).⁵Perususpended its participation from 20 Apr 2018.⁶Uruguayannounced withdrawal 10 Mar 2020(to be effective six months later).⁷Paraguay suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013; suspended own` `membership 20 Apr 2018,announced` `withdrawal27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six months later).`

Union of State of Belarus and Russia


Proposed Flag


Proposed Flag Variant

Union website

Unofficial Anthem
"Derzhavny Soyuz
Narodov/Dzyarzhauny
Sayuz Narodau"
(Sovereign Union of Nations)

Headquarters: Moscow
(Russia)

Union Holiday:
2 Apr (1996)
Den' Yedineniya Narodov
Belarusi i Rossii
(Day of Unity of the
Peoples of Belarus
and Russia)

6 Jan 1995 Agreement on the Customs Union of Russia and Belarus 2 Apr 1996 Community of Belarus and Russia(Soobshchestva Belarusi i Rossii). 2 Apr 1997 Union of Belarus and Russia (Soyuz Belarusi i Rossii) created by the Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia.25 Dec 1998 Declaration on the Further Unity of Belarus and Russia, the Treaty on Equal Rights of Citizens, and the Agreement on the Creation of Equal Conditions for Economic Entities signed. 8 Dec 1999 Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus signed (ratified by Russia 26 Dec 1999, by Belarus 26 Jan 2000).26 Jan 2000 Union State of Russia and Belarus (Soyuznoye gosudarstvo Rossii i Belorussii). 4 Dec 2001 - 1 Jan 2010 Customs union de facto suspended.

State Secretaries of the Union State of Russia and Belarus 26 Jan 2000 - 15 Dec 2011 Pavel Pavlovich Borodin (Russia) (b. 1946) 15 Dec 2011 - 19 Mar 2021 Grigoriy Alekseyevich Rapota (Russia) (b. 1944) 19 Mar 2021 - Dmitriy Fyodorovich Mezentsev (Russia)(b. 1959)President of the Supreme State Council of the Union State of Russia and Belarus 26 Jan 2000 - Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka (b. 1954) (Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko) (Belarus) Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Union State of Russia and Belarus 26 Jan 2000 - the Prime ministers of RussiaState Union membership (2)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`26 Jan 2000`	`Belarus, Russia`

United Nations (UN)


Apr 1945 - 7 Dec 1946


Adopted 7 Dec 1946

UN website

Headquarters:
New York City
(United States);
(London, UK 1946;
Geneva, Switzerland 1946-10 Jan 1951 )

UN Day: 24 Oct (1945)
United Nations Day

United Nations Charter
(26 Jun 1945)

Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
(10 Dec 1948)

26 Jun 1945 "United Nations Charter" signed. 24 Oct 1945 United Nations Charter effective. 18 Apr 1946 League of Nations officially transfers its assets and responsibilities to the United Nations.

Secretaries-general 24 Oct 1945 - 29 Jan 1946 Sir Gladwyn Jebb (U.K.) (acting) (b. 1900 - d. 1996) 2 Feb 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Trygve Lie (Norway) (b. 1896 - d. 1968) 10 Apr 1953 - 18 Sep 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden) (b. 1905 - d. 1961) 3 Nov 1961 - 31 Dec 1971 U Thant (Burma) (b. 1909 - d. 1974) (acting to 30 Nov 1962) 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1981 Kurt Waldheim (Austria) (b. 1918 - d. 2007) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1991 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru) (b. 1920 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1996 Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2006 Kofi Annan (Ghana) (b. 1938 - d. 2018) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2016 Ban Ki Moon (South Korea) (b. 1944) 1 Jan 2017 - António Manuel de Oliveira (b. 1949) Guterres (Portugal)

Presidents of the General Assembly 10 Jan 1946 - 16 Sep 1947 Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) 16 Sep 1947 - 16 Apr 1948 Oswaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (b. 1894 - d. 1960) (Brazil) 16 Apr 1948 - 21 Sep 1948 José Arce (Argentina) (b. 1881 - d. 1968) 21 Sep 1948 - 20 Sep 1949 Herbert Vere Evatt (Australia) (b. 1894 - d. 1965) 20 Sep 1949 - 19 Sep 1950 Carlos Peña Rómulo (Philippines) (b. 1899 - d. 1985) 19 Sep 1950 - 6 Nov 1951 Nasrollah Entezam (Iran) (b. 1900 - d. 1980) 6 Nov 1951 - 14 Oct 1952 Luis Padilla Nervo (Mexico) (b. 1894 - d. 1985) 14 Oct 1952 - 15 Sep 1953 Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada) (b. 1897 - d. 1972) 15 Sep 1953 - 21 Sep 1954 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (f) (India) (b. 1900 - d. 1990) 21 Sep 1954 - 20 Sep 1955 Eelco Nicolaas van Kleffens (b. 1894 - d. 1983) (Netherlands) 20 Sep 1955 - 1 Nov 1956 José Guillermo Maza Fernández (b. 1889 - d. 1964) (Chile) 1 Nov 1956 - 12 Nov 1956 Rudecindo Ortega Masson (Chile) (b. 1899 - d. 1962) 12 Nov 1956 - 17 Sep 1957 Prince Wan Waithayakon (Thailand) (b. 1891 - d. 1976) 17 Sep 1957 - 16 Sep 1958 Sir Leslie Munro (New Zealand) (b. 1901 - d. 1974) 16 Sep 1958 - 15 Sep 1959 Charles Habib Malik (Lebanon) (b. 1906 - d. 1987) 15 Sep 1959 - 20 Sep 1960 Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Diez-Canseco(b. 1883 - d. 1966) (Peru)20 Sep 1960 - 20 Sep 1961 Frederick Henry Boland (Ireland) (b. 1904 - d. 1985) 20 Sep 1961 - 18 Sep 1962 Mongi Slim (Tunisia) (b. 1908 - d. 1969) 18 Sep 1962 - 17 Sep 1963 Sir Mohammad Zafrulla Khan (b. 1893 - d. 1985) (Pakistan) 17 Sep 1963 - 1 Dec 1964 Carlos Sosa Rodríguez (Venezuela) (b. 1912 - d. 1997) 1 Dec 1964 - 21 Sep 1965 Alex Quaison-Sackey (Ghana) (b. 1924 - d. 1992) 21 Sep 1965 - 20 Sep 1966 Amintore Fanfani (Italy) (b. 1908 - d. 1999) 20 Sep 1966 - 19 Sep 1967 Abdul Rahman Pazhwak (Afghanistan) (b. 1919 - d. 1995) 19 Sep 1967 - 24 Sep 1968 Corneliu Mănescu (Romania) (b. 1916 - d. 2000) 24 Sep 1968 - 17 Apr 1969 Emilio Arenales Catalán (b. 1922 - d. 1969) (Guatemala) 16 Sep 1969 - 15 Sep 1970 Angie E. Brooks (f) (Liberia) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) (from 27 Apr 1970, Angie E. Brooks-Randolph) 15 Sep 1970 - 21 Sep 1971 Edvard Hambro (Norway) (b. 1911 - d. 1977) 21 Sep 1971 - 19 Sep 1972 Adam Malik (Indonesia) (b. 1917 - d. 1984) 19 Sep 1972 - 18 Sep 1973 Stanisław Trepczyński (Poland) (b. 1924 - d. 2002) 18 Sep 1973 - 17 Sep 1974 Leopoldo Benítes Vinueza (Ecuador) (b. 1905 - d. 1996) 17 Sep 1974 - 16 Sep 1975 Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria) (b. 1937 - d. 2021) 16 Sep 1975 - 21 Sep 1976 Gaston Egmond Thorn (Luxembourg) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) 21 Sep 1976 - 20 Sep 1977 Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe (b. 1913 - d. 1980) (Sri Lanka) 20 Sep 1977 - 19 Sep 1978 Lazar Mojsov (Yugoslavia) (b. 1920 - d. 2011) 19 Sep 1978 - 18 Sep 1979 Indalecio Liévano Aguirre (b. 1917 - d. 1982) (Colombia) 18 Sep 1979 - 16 Sep 1980 Salim Ahmed Salim (Tanzania) (b. 1942) 16 Sep 1980 - 15 Sep 1981 Rüdiger von Wechmar (W. Germany) (b. 1923 - d. 2007) 15 Sep 1981 - 21 Sep 1982 Ismat T. Kittani (Iraq) (b. 1929 - d. 2001) 21 Sep 1982 - 20 Sep 1983 Imre Hollai (Hungary) (b. 1925 - d. 2017) 20 Sep 1983 - 18 Sep 1984 Jorge Enrique Illueca Sibauste (b. 1918 - d. 2012) (Panama) 18 Sep 1984 - 17 Sep 1985 Paul J.F. Lusaka (Zambia) (b. 1935 - d. 1996) 17 Sep 1985 - 16 Sep 1986 Jaime de Piniés (Spain) (b. 1917 - d. 2003) 16 Sep 1986 - 15 Sep 1987 Humayun Rasheed Chowdhury (b. 1928 - d. 2001) (Bangladesh) 15 Sep 1987 - 20 Sep 1988 Peter Florin (East Germany) (b. 1921 - d. 2014) 20 Sep 1988 - 19 Sep 1989 Dante María Caputo (Argentina) (b. 1943 - d. 2018) 19 Sep 1989 - 18 Sep 1990 Joseph Nanven Garba (Nigeria) (b. 1943 - d. 2002) 18 Sep 1990 - 17 Sep 1991 Guido de Marco (Malta) (b. 1931 - d. 2010) 17 Sep 1991 - 15 Sep 1992 Samir S. Shihabi (Saudi Arabia) (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 15 Sep 1992 - 21 Sep 1993 Stoyan Ganev (Bulgaria) (b. 1955 - d. 2013) 21 Sep 1993 - 20 Sep 1994 Samuel R. Insanally (Guyana) (b. 1936) 20 Sep 1994 - 19 Sep 1995 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (b. 1944) 19 Sep 1995 - 17 Sep 1996 Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (b. 1941 - d. 2019) (Portugal) 17 Sep 1996 - 16 Sep 1997 Razali Ismail (Malaysia) (b. 1939) 16 Sep 1997 - 9 Sep 1998 Hennadii Udovenko (Ukraine) (b. 1931 - d. 2013) 9 Sep 1998 - 14 Sep 1999 Didier Opertti Badán (Uruguay) (b. 1937) 14 Sep 1999 - 5 Sep 2000 Theo-Ben Gurirab (Namibia) (b. 1939 - d. 2018) 5 Sep 2000 - 12 Sep 2001 Harri Holkeri (Finland) (b. 1937 - d. 2011) 12 Sep 2001 - 10 Sep 2002 Han Seung-Soo (South Korea) (b. 1936) 10 Sep 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Jan Kavan (Czech Republic) (b. 1946) 16 Sep 2003 - 14 Sep 2004 Julian Robert Hunte (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940) 14 Sep 2004 - 13 Sep 2005 Jean Ping (Gabon) (b. 1942) 13 Sep 2005 - 12 Sep 2006 Jan Eliasson (Sweden) (b. 1940) 12 Sep 2006 - 18 Sep 2007 Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifah (f)(b. 1952) (Bahrain) 18 Sep 2007 - 16 Sep 2008 Srgjan Kerim (Macedonia FYR) (b. 1948) 16 Sep 2008 - 15 Sep 2009 Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann (b. 1933 - d. 2017) (Nicaragua) 15 Sep 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Ali Abdussalam Treki (Libya) (b. 1938 - d. 2015) 14 Sep 2010 - 13 Sep 2011 Joseph Deiss (Switzerland) (b. 1946) 13 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2012 Nasser Abdulaziz Al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1953) 18 Sep 2012 - 17 Sep 2013 Vuk Jeremić (Serbia) (b. 1975) 17 Sep 2013 - 16 Sep 2014 John W. Ashe (Antigua and Barbuda) (b. 1954 - d. 2016) 16 Sep 2014 - 15 Sep 2015 Sam Kahamba Kutesa (Uganda) (b. 1949) 15 Sep 2015 - 13 Sep 2016 Mogens Lykketoft (Denmark) (b. 1946) 13 Sep 2016 - 12 Sep 2017 Peter Thomson (Fiji) (b. 1948) 12 Sep 2017 -18 Sep 2018 Miroslav Lajčák (Slovakia) (b. 1963)18 Sep 2018 -16 Sep 2019 María Fernanda EspinosaGarcés (f) (b. 1964) (Ecuador) 16 Sep 2019 -15 Sep 2020 Tijjani Muhammad-Bande (Nigeria) (b. 1957) 15 Sep 2020 -14 Sep 2021 Volkan Bozkır (Turkey) (b. 1950) 14 Sep 2021 - 13 Sep 2022 Abdulla Shahid (Maldives) (b. 1962)13 Sep 2022 - 5Sep 2023 Csaba Kőrösi (Hungary) (b. 1958) 5 Sep 2023 - Dennis Francis (b. 1956) (Trinidad and Tobago)

[United Nations High
Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)]

United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees 1 Jan 1951 - 8 Jul 1956 Gerrit J. van Heuven Goedhart (b. 1901 - d. 1956) (Netherlands) 8 Jul 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 James M. Read (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1985) 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1960 Auguste R. Lindt (Switzerland) (b. 1905 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1965 Felix Schnyder (Switzerland) (b. 1910 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1977 Sadruddin Aga Khan (Iran) (b. 1933 - d. 2003) 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1985 Poul Hartling (Denmark) (b. 1914 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Oct 1989 Jean-Pierre Hocké (Switzerland) (b. 1938 - d. 2021) 1 Nov 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Gerald Hinteregger (Austria) (b. 1928 - d. 2013) (acting) 1 Jan 1990 - 2 Nov 1990 Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway) (b. 1931 - d. 2018) 2 Nov 1990 - 18 Feb 1991 Douglas Stafford (U.S.) (acting)18 Feb 1991 - 31 Dec 2000 Sadako Ogata (f) (Japan) (b. 1927 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 2001 - 24 Feb 2005 Rudolphus "Ruud" Lubbers (b. 1939 - d. 2018) (Netherlands) 24 Feb 2005 - 15 Jun 2005 Wendy Jean Chamberlin (U.S.) (b. 1948) (acting) 15 Jun 2005 - 31 Dec 2015 António Manuel de Oliveira (s.a.) Guterres (Portugal) 1 Jan 2016 - Filippo Grandi (Italy) (b. 1957)

United Nations High Commissioners for Human Rights 5 Apr 1994 - 15 Mar 1997 José Julio Ayala Lasso (Ecuador) (b. 1932) 15 Mar 1997 - 12 Sep 1997 Ralph Zacklin (U.K.) (interim) (b. 1937) 12 Sep 1997 - 12 Sep 2002 Mary Terese Winifred Bourke (b. 1944) Robinson (f) (Ireland) 12 Sep 2002 - 19 Aug 2003 Sérgio Vieira de Mello (Brazil) (b. 1948 - d. 2003) 2 Jun 2003 - 1 Jul 2004 Bertrand "Bertie" Gangapersaud (b. 1943) Ramcharan (Guyana) (acting [for Mello to 19 Aug 2003]) 1 Jul 2004 - 30 Jun 2008 Louise Arbour (f) (Canada) (b. 1947) 1 Jul 2008 -31 Aug 2008 Kyung-wha Kang(f)(South Korea) (b. 1955) (acting) 1 Sep 2008 - 31 Aug 2014 Navanethem "Navi" Pillay (f) (b. 1941) (South Africa) 1 Sep 2014 - 31 Aug 2018 Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad bin Zeid (b. 1946) al-Hussein (Jordan) 1 Sep 2018 - 31 Aug 2022 Verónica Michelle Bachelet (b. 1951) Jeria (f)(Chile) 1 Sep 2022 - 8 Sep 2022 Nada al-Nashif (f) (Jordan)(acting) 8 Sep 2022 - Volker Türk (Austria) (b. 1965)

¹from 19 Sep 1991 Belarus.²Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.³Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁴on 21 Feb 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single member; on 13 Oct 1961 Syria, having resumed its status as an independent state on 29 Sep 1961, resumed its separate membership. On 2 Sep 1971 the United Arab Republic was renamed Arab Republic of Egypt.⁵Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, Russia succeeded to Soviet seat.⁶from 1 Jun 2022 communication to UN that Turkish short-form name Türkiye is to be used in all languages.⁷from 1991 Ukraine.⁸Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia reconstituted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat; on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was suspended from participation in the General Assembly and told to reapply for membership, which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000); from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁹from 12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General Assembly refused to accept the credentials of the South African delegation because of the country's apartheid policies, but South Africa retained membership.¹⁰Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.¹¹from 1989 Myanmar.¹²Indonesia withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.¹³from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁴from 1963 Malaysia.¹⁵1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁶from 1975 Benin.¹⁷from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁸to 30 Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁹from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁰Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²¹from 2018 Eswatini.²²East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ²³from 2013 Cabo Verde. ²⁴from 1997 Samoa.²⁵as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.²⁶from 2003 Timor-Leste.


United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

[United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF)]

UNICEF Flag

UNICEF Variant

UNICEF website

Headquarters: New York City (United States)

UNICEF Day:
20 Nov (1959)
Universal Children's Day

11 Dec 1946 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) created, as a temporary agency of the United Nations. 6 Oct 1953 Renamed United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations. 20 Nov 1959 "Declaration of the Rights of the Child" adopted by U.N.

Executive Directors (all from U.S., except as noted) 11 Dec 1946 - 19 Jan 1965 Maurice Pate (b. 1894 - d. 1965) 19 Jan 1965 - Jun 1965 Eric John Richard "Dick" Heyward (b. 1914 - d. 2005) (Australia) (acting) Jun 1965 - 31 Dec 1979 Henry Richardson Labouisse (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 1 Jan 1980 - 28 Jan 1995 James Grant (b. 1922 - d. 1995) 1 May 1995 - 30 Apr 2005 Carol Bellamy (f) (b. 1942) 1 May 2005 - 30 Apr 2010 Ann Margaret Veneman (f) (b. 1949) 1 May 2010 - 31 Dec 2017 Anthony "Tony" Lake (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Jan 2022 Henrietta Holsman Fore (f) (b. 1948) 1 Feb 2022 - Catherine Mary Russell (f) (b. 1961)

UNICEF membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 Dec 1946 the Executive Board consists of 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats: 8 African states, 7 Asian states, 4 Eastern European states, 5 Latin American and Caribbean states and 12 Western European and other states (including Japan). The United Nations Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC)elects states to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board from state members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Adopted 30 Dec 1964

UNCTAD website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

20 Mar 1964 - 6 Jun 1964 The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development takes place. 30 Dec 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) established, as a permanent organ of the UN General Assembly.Secretaries-general1964 - Mar 1969 Raúl Prebisch (Argentina) (b. 1901 - d. 1986)Mar 1969 - Mar 1974 Manuel Pérez-Guerrero (Venezuela) (b. 1911 - d. 1985) 5 Apr 1974 - 31 Dec 1984 Gamani Corea (Sri Lanka) (b. 1925 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Alister McIntyre (Grenada) (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Mar 1994 Kenneth K.S. Dadzie (Ghana) (b. 1930 - d. 1995) 1 Apr 1994 - 14 Sep 1995 Carlos Fortín Cabezas(Chile) (b. 1940) (1st time) (acting)15 Sep 1995 - 15 Sep 2004 Rubens Ricupero (Brazil) (b. 1937) 15 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Carlos Fortín Cabezas(Chile) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Supachai Panitchpakdi (Thailand) (b. 1946) 1 Sep 2013 - 15 Feb 2021 Mukhisa Kituyi (Kenya) (b. 1956)16 Feb 2021 -13 Sep 2021 Isabella A.J. Durant (f)(Belgium) (b. 1954) (acting) 13 Sep 2021 - Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis (f) (b. 1955) (Costa Rica)
UNCTAD membership (195)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`30 Dec 1964`	`the members of the United Nations`
`30 Dec 1964`	`Holy See`
`24 May 2018`	`Palestine`

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Adopted 22 Nov 1965

[United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) alternate
flag]

UNDP Logo Variant Flag

UNDP website

Headquarters: New York
(United States)

UNDP Day: 24 Oct (1970)
World Development
Information Day

22 Nov 1965 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)established, as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Administrators 1 Jan 1966 - 15 Jan 1972 Paul Gray Hoffman (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1974)1972 - 1976 Rudolph Arvid Peterson (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 2003)1976 - 1986 Frank Bradford Morse (U.S.) (b. 1921 - d. 1994)1986 - 1993 William Henry Draper III (U.S.) (b. 1928)1993 - 30 Jun 1999 James Gustave "Gus" Speth (U.S.) (b. 1942) 1 Jul 1999 - 15 Aug 2005 George Mark Malloch Brown (U.K.) (b. 1953)15 Aug 2005 - 28 Feb 2009 Kemal Derviş (Turkey) (b. 1949 - d. 2023) 1 Mar 2009 - 20 Apr 2009 Ad Melkert (Netherlands)(acting) (b. 1956)20 Apr 2009 - 19 Apr 2017 Helen E. Clark (f) (New Zealand) (b. 1950) 20 Apr 2017 - Achim Steiner (Germany) (b. 1961)
UNDP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`22 Nov 1965`	`36 Executive Board members selected on a rotating basis from United Nations members from all regions`

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

UNESCO Flag

UNESCO Heritage Sites Flag
Adopted 1978

Heritage Sites Flag Variant

UNESCO website

World Heritage
Properties List

Hear Anthem
"UNESCO Hymne"

Headquarters:
Paris (France)

UNESCO Day: 18 Apr
World Heritage Day
(International Day for
Monuments and Sites)

4 Nov 1946 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)(Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la Science et la Culture)established, as a UN specialized agency.

Directors-general 6 Dec 1946 - 9 Dec 1948 Julian Huxley (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1975) 10 Dec 1948 - 1 Dec 1952 Jaime Torres Bodet (Mexico) (b. 1902 - d. 1974) 2 Dec 1952 - 3 Jul 1953 John W. Taylor (U.S.) (interim) (b. 1906 - d. 2001) 4 Jul 1953 - 4 Dec 1958 Luther H. Evans (U.S.) (b. 1902 - d. 1981) 5 Dec 1958 - 2 Nov 1961 Vittorino Veronese (Italy) (b. 1910 - d. 1986) 2 Nov 1961 - 14 Nov 1974 René Maheu (France) (b. 1905 - d. 1975) (interim to 14 Nov 1962) 15 Nov 1974 - 14 Nov 1987 Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (Senegal) (b. 1921) 15 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1999 Federico Mayor Zaragoza(Spain) (b. 1934) 15 Nov 1999 - 14 Nov 2009 Kōichirō Matsuura (Japan) (b. 1937) 15 Nov 2009 - 14 Nov 2017 Irina Georgieva Bokova (f) (b. 1952) (Bulgaria) 15 Nov 2017 - Audrey Azoulay (f)(France) (b. 1972)

UNESCO membership (194)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

4 Nov 1946 Australia, Brazil, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, South Africa³, Turkey, United Kingdom⁴, United States⁵

6 Nov 1946 Poland⁶

13 Nov 1946 Bolivia

16 Nov 1946 Syria⁷

18 Nov 1946 Haiti

21 Nov 1946 Peru, Philippines

25 Nov 1946 Venezuela

29 Nov 1946 Belgium

1 Jan 1947 The Netherlands

22 Jan 1947 Ecuador

6 Mar 1947 Liberia

29 Aug 1947 Cuba

27 Oct 1947 Luxembourg

31 Oct 1947 Colombia

8 Nov 1947 Uruguay

16 Dec 1947 Honduras

27 Jan 1948 Italy

28 Apr 1948 El Salvador

4 May 1948 Afghanistan

13 Aug 1948 Austria

6 Sep 1948 Iran

14 Sep 1948 Hungary⁸

15 Sep 1948 Argentina

21 Oct 1948 Iraq

1 Jan 1949 Thailand

28 Jan 1949 Switzerland

27 Jun 1949 Burma⁹

6 Jul 1949 Monaco

14 Sep 1949 Pakistan

16 Sep 1949 Israel¹⁰

14 Nov 1949 Ceylon¹¹

2 Jan 1950 Guatemala

10 Jan 1950 Panama

23 Jan 1950 Sweden

31 Mar 1950 Yugoslavia¹²

19 May 1950 Costa Rica

27 May 1950 Indonesia¹³

14 Jun 1950 Jordan, South Korea

2 Jul 1951 Japan

3 Jul 1951 Cambodia

6 Jul 1951 Vietnam¹⁴

9 Jul 1951 Laos

11 Jul 1951 West Germany¹⁵

22 Feb 1952 Nicaragua

30 Jan 1953 Spain

1 May 1953 Nepal

27 Jun 1953 Libya

7 Jul 1953 Chile

21 Apr 1954 Soviet Union¹⁶

12 May 1954 Byelorussian S.S.R.¹⁷, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁸

20 Jun 1955 Paraguay

1 Jul 1955 Ethiopia

17 May 1956 Bulgaria

27 Jul 1956 Romania

10 Oct 1956 Finland

7 Nov 1956 Morocco

8 Nov 1956 Tunisia

26 Nov 1956 The Sudan

11 Apr 1958 Ghana

16 Jun 1958 Malaya¹⁹

16 Oct 1958 Albania

2 Feb 1960 Guinea

18 Oct 1960 Dahomey²⁰

24 Oct 1960 Congo (Brazzaville)

27 Oct 1960 Ivory Coast²¹

7 Nov 1960 Mali

10 Nov 1960 Madagascar²², Niger, Senegal

11 Nov 1960 Cameroon, Central African Republic

14 Nov 1960 Nigeria, Upper Volta²³

15 Nov 1960 Somalia

16 Nov 1960 Gabon

17 Nov 1960 Togo

18 Nov 1960 Kuwait

25 Nov 1960 Congo (Léopoldville)²⁴

19 Dec 1960 Chad

6 Feb 1961 Cyprus

3 Oct 1961 Ireland

10 Oct 1962 Mauritania

6 Mar 1962 Tanganyika²⁵

28 Mar 1962 Sierra Leone

2 Apr 1962 Yemen (Sana)²⁶

15 Oct 1962 Algeria

1 Nov 1962 Mongolia

2 Nov 1962 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Nov 1962 Jamaica, Rwanda

9 Nov 1962 Ugand

16 Nov 1962 Burundi

7 Apr 1964 Kenya

8 Jun 1964 Iceland

27 Oct 1964 Malawi

9 Nov 1964 Zambia

10 Feb 1965 Malta

11 Mar 1965 Portugal²⁷

28 Oct 1965 Singapore²⁸

21 Mar 1967 Guyana

29 Sep 1967 Lesotho

15 Oct 1968 Yemen (Aden)²⁶

24 Oct 1968 Barbados

25 Oct 1968 Mauritius

18 Jan 1972 Bahrain

27 Jan 1972 Qatar

10 Feb 1972 Oman

20 Apr 1972 United Arab Emirates

27 Oct 1972 Bangladesh

21 Nov 1972 East Germany¹⁵

1 Aug 1973 The Gambia

18 Oct 1974 North Korea

1 Nov 1974 Guinea-Bissau

12 Nov 1974 San Marino

17 Feb 1975 Grenada

16 Jul 1976 Suriname

4 Oct 1976 Papua New Guinea

11 Oct 1976 Mozambique

18 Oct 1976 Seychelles

11 Mar 1977 Angola

22 Mar 1977 Comoros

25 Jan 1978 Swaziland²⁹

15 Feb 1978 Cape Verde³⁰

2 Nov 1978 Namibia³¹

9 Jan 1979 Dominica

29 Nov 1979 Equatorial Guinea

16 Jan 1980 Botswana

22 Jan 1980 São Tomé and Príncipe

6 Mar 1980 Saint Lucia

18 Jul 1980 Maldives

22 Sep 1980 Zimbabwe

29 Sep 1980 Tonga

3 Apr 1981 Western Samoa³²

23 Apr 1981 The Bahamas

13 Apr 1982 Bhutan

10 May 1982 Belize

15 Jul 1982 Antigua and Barbuda

15 Feb 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

14 Jul 1983 Fiji

26 Oct 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis

31 Aug 1989 Djibouti

24 Oct 1989 Kiribati

25 Oct 1989 Cook Islands

7 Oct 1991 Lithuania

14 Oct 1991 Estonia, Latvia

21 Oct 1991 Tuvalu

22 May 1992 Kazakhstan

27 May 1992 Moldova, Slovenia

1 Jun 1992 Croatia

2 Jun 1992 Kyrgyzstan

3 Jun 1992 Azerbaijan

9 Jun 1992 Armenia

7 Oct 1992 Georgia

9 Feb 1993 Slovakia

22 Feb 1993 Czech Republic

6 Apr 1993 Tajikistan

2 Jun 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina

28 Jun 1993 Macedonia³³

17 Aug 1993 Turkmenistan

2 Sep 1993 Eritrea

7 Sep 1993 Solomon Islands

20 Oct 1993 Andorra

26 Oct 1993 Niue, Uzbekistan

10 Feb 1994 Vanuatu

30 Jun 1995 Marshall Islands

17 Oct 1996 Nauru

20 Sep 1999 Palau

19 Oct 1999 Federated States of Micronesia

20 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹²

5 Jun 2003
Timor-Leste

17 May 2005 Brunei Darussalam

1 Mar 2007 Montenegro

27 Oct 2011 South Sudan

23 Nov 2011 Palestine

¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 29 Oct 1971, when UNESCO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.²Czechoslovakia announced it no longer considered itself a member 29 Jan 1953, resumed cooperation 9 Sep 1954; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.³South Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1956, rejoined 12 Dec 1994.⁴U.K. withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 1 Jul 1997.⁵U.S. withdrew 31 Dec 1984, rejoined 1 Oct 2003;withdrew again31 Dec 2018, rejoined 10 Jul 2023.⁶Poland announced it no longer considered itself a member 5 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 18 Jun 1954. ⁷1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left UNESCO 21 Feb 1958; on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on 13 Oct1961. ⁸Hungary announced it no longer considered itself a member 31 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 1 Jun 1954.⁹from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁰Israel effectivelyexcluded from participation 20 Nov 1974 - 9 Nov 1976; withdrew 31 Dec 2018.¹¹from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹²Yugoslavia expelled 22 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹³Indonesia announced its withdrawal 25 Feb 1965, resumed collaboration 16 Sep 1966.¹⁴Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁵East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.¹⁶Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.¹⁷from 1991 Belarus.¹⁸from 1991 Ukraine. ¹⁹from 1963 Malaysia.²⁰from 1975 Benin.²¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²³from 1984 Burkina Faso. ²⁴1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²⁵from 1964 Tanzania.²⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. ²⁷Portugal excluded from participation 28 Nov 1966 - 31 Dec 1972; withdrew 31 Dec 1972, rejoined 11 Sep 1974.²⁸Singapore withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 8 Oct 2007.²⁹from 2018 Eswatini.³⁰from 2013 Cabo Verde.³¹as United Nations Council for Namibia to 21 Mar 1990 (not recognized by South Africa).³²from 1997 Samoa.³³as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of UNESCO (12)

13 Nov 1954 British Caribbean Group¹, Gold Coast², Malaya-BritishBorneo³,Sierra Leone⁴

7 Nov 1956 Nigeria⁵

6 Nov 1958 Bahrain⁶, Kuwait⁷, SomalilandTrust Territory⁸, West Indies Federation⁹

5 Nov 1960 Tanganyika¹⁰

15 Nov 1960 Mauritius¹¹, Ruanda-Urundi¹²

12 Nov 1962 Qatar¹³

21 Oct 1964 British Eastern Caribbean Group¹⁴

17 Oct 1974 Papua New Guinea¹⁵

21 Oct 1974 Namibia¹⁶

26 Oct 1983 Netherlands Antilles¹⁷

24 Nov 1983 British Virgin Islands

20 Oct 1987 Aruba

25 Oct 1995 Macau (China)

30 Oct 1999 Cayman Islands

15 Oct 2001 Tokelau

12 Oct 2009 Faroe Islands

25 Oct 2011 Curaçao, Sint Maarten

5 Nov 2013 Anguilla

3 Nov 2015 Montserrat

30 Oct 2017 New Caledonia

9 Nov 2021 Aland Islands

¹British Caribbean Group composed of: Barbados, Dominica, Jamaica and Trinidad; from 6 Nov 1958 West Indies Federation.²full member 11 Apr 1958 as Ghana.³Malaya Federation to 16 Jun 1958, then Singapore and British Borneo to 31 Dec 1959.⁴Sierra Leone full member from28 Mar 1962.⁵Nigeria full member from 14 Nov 1960.⁶Bahrain full member from 18 Jan 1972.⁷Kuwait full member from 18 Nov 1960.⁸SomalilandTrust Territoryunder Italian administrationassociate member to 1 Jul 1960; from 1960 Somalia.⁹West Indies Federation dissolved31 May 1962.¹⁰Tanganyika full member from6 Mar 1962. ¹¹Mauritius full member from 25 Oct 1968.¹²Ruanda-Urundi dissolved on 1 Jul 1962.¹³Qatar full member from 21 Jan 1972.¹⁴Br. Eastern Caribbean Group composed of: Antigua and Barbuda (to 15 Nov 1982), Anguilla, Barbados (to 24 Oct 1968), Cayman Islands, Dominica (to 9 Jan 1979), Grenada (to 17 Feb 1975), Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis (to 26 Oct 1983), St. Lucia (to 6 Mar 1980), St. Vincent (to 15 Feb 1963); dissolved 31 Dec 1984.¹⁵Papua New Guinea full member from 4 Oct 1976. ¹⁶as United Nations Council for Namibia; full member from 2 Nov 1978 (not recognized by South Africa).¹⁷Netherlands Antilles dissolved10 Oct 2010.

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

[UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme
flag]

UNEP website

Headquarters: Nairobi
(Kenya)

UNEP Day: 5 Jun (1972)
World Environment Day

5 Jun 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.15 Dec 1972 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)established, as a specialized agency of the United Nations.Executive Directors 1 Jan 1973 - Dec 1975 Maurice F. Strong (Canada) (b. 1929 - d. 2015)Dec 1975 - 31 Dec 1992 Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt) (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Mar 1998 Elizabeth Dowdeswell (f)(Canada) (b. 1944) 1 Feb 1998 - 31 Mar 2006 Klaus Töpfer (Germany) (b. 1938) 1 Apr 2006 - 14 Jun 2006 Shafqat Kakakhel (Pakistan)(acting)(b. 1944) 15 Jun 2006 - 26 Jun 2016 Achim Steiner (Germany) (b. 1961) 27 Jun 2016 - 22 Nov 2018 Erik Solheim (Norway) (b. 1955) 22 Nov 2018 - 15 Jun 2019 Joyce Msuya (f)(Tanzania) (acting) (b. 1968) 15 Jun 2019 - Inger La Cour Andersen (f)(Denmark)(b. 1958)
UNEP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`15 Dec 1972`	`58 member United Nations states serve on the` `Governing Council` `in 4 year terms, seats are allocated according to geographical regions.`

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

[United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)]
Adopted 1 Jan 1986

UNIDO website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

17 Nov 1966 United Nations Industrial Development Program (UNIDP) created, as an autonomous body of the United Nations.21 Jun 1985 Renamed United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). 1 Jan 1986 Made a separate specialized agency of the United Nations.

Executive Directors 1 Jan 1967 - 1974 Ibrahim Helmi Abdel-Rahman (Egypt) (b. 1919 - d. 1998) 1 Jan 1975 - Aug 1985 Abderrahman Khène (Algeria) (b. 1931 - d. 2020) Directors-general Aug 1985 - Jan 1993 Domingo L. Siazon, Jr. (Philippines) (b. 1939 - d. 2016) Jan 1993 - Mar 1993 Louis Alexandrenne (Senegal)(acting) (b. 1933 - d. 2018) Mar 1993 - Dec 1997 Mauricio de Maríay Campos (Mexico) (b. 1943 - d. 2021) Dec 1997 - 8 Dec 2005 Carlos Alfredo Magariños (b. 1962) (Argentina) 8 Dec 2005 - 28 Jun 2013 Kandeh K. Yumkella (Sierra Leone) (b. 1959) 28 Jun 2013 -10 Dec 2021 Li Yong (China) (b. 1951) 10 Dec 2021 - Gerd Müller (Germany) (b. 1955)

UNIDO membership (172)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

21 Jun 1985 Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia¹, Austria, Barbados, Belgium², Byelorussian S.S.R.³, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada⁴, Cape Verde⁵, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia⁶, Denmark⁷, Dominican Republic, East Germany⁸, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France⁹, Greece¹⁰, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal¹¹, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Soviet Union¹², Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹³, United Kingdom¹⁴, United States¹⁵, Uruguay, Venezuela, West Germany⁸, Yugoslavia¹⁶, Zambia, Zimbabwe

24 Jun 1985 North Korea

25 Jun 1985 Togo

27 Jun 1985 Iraq

28 Jun 1985 Bangladesh, The Sudan

1 Jul 1985 Nicaragua

2 Jul 1985 Hungary

8 Jul 1985 Zaire¹⁷

12 Jul 1985 Congo (Brazzaville)

15 Jul 1985 Trinidad and Tobago

16 Jul 1985 Burkina Faso

17 Jul 1985 Mali

18 Jul 1985 Paraguay

19 Jul 1985 Guyana, Malawi, New Zealand¹⁸, Vietnam

29 Jul 1985 Yemen (Aden)¹⁹

30 Jul 1985 Colombia, Ghana, Kuwait, Morocco

1 Aug 1985 United Arab Emirates

5 Aug 1985 Haiti

6 Aug 1985 Gabon, Lebanon

8 Aug 1985 Benin, Libya, Nepal

9 Aug 1985 Angola, Burundi, Iran, Mauritania

14 Aug 1985 Yemen (Sana)¹⁹

15 Aug 1985 Sierra Leone

19 Aug 1985 Seychelles

23 Aug 1985 Bhutan

3 Sep 1985 Laos

28 Oct 1985 Jordan

13 Nov 1985 Mozambique

15 Nov 1985 Somalia

19 Nov 1985 Saint Lucia

27 Nov 1985 Dominica

5 Dec 1985 Uganda

9 Dec 1985 Qatar

11 Dec 1985 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Dec 1985 Suriname

9 Jan 1986 Comoros

16 Jan 1986 Grenada

20 Jan 1986 Equatorial Guinea

21 Feb 1986 Namibia²⁰

27 Feb 1986 Belize

3 Apr 1986 Swaziland²¹

4 Apr 1986 Bahrain

14 Apr 1986 São Tomé and Príncipe

12 Jun 1986 The Gambia

13 Aug 1986 Tonga

10 Sep 1986 Papua New Guinea

13 Nov 1986 The Bahamas

30 Mar 1987 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

17 Aug 1987 Vanuatu

26 Oct 1987 Costa Rica

29 Jan 1988 El Salvador

19 Apr 1988 Albania

10 May 1988 Maldives

12 Apr 1990 Myanmar

10 May 1990 Liberia

20 Aug 1991 Djibouti

22 Aug 1991 Chad

17 Oct 1991 Lithuania²²

12 May 1992 Armenia

2 Jun 1992 Croatia

11 Jun 1992 Slovenia

1 Oct 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

30 Oct 1992 Georgia

20 Jan 1993 Slovakia²³

22 Jan 1993 Czech Republic

8 Apr 1993 Kyrgyzstan

27 May 1993 Macedonia²⁴

1 Jun 1993 Moldova

9 Jun 1993 Tajikistan

23 Nov 1993 Azerbaijan

26 Apr 1994 Uzbekistan

16 Feb 1995 Turkmenistan

20 Jun 1995 Eritrea

18 Sep 1995 Cambodia

3 Jun 1997 Kazakhstan

24 Oct 2000 South Africa

6 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹⁶

23 Jan 2003 Monaco

31 Jul 2003 Timor-Leste

22 Nov 2006 Montenegro

11 Dec 2008 Samoa

27 Oct 2011 Tuvalu

16 Mar 2015 Marshall Islands

9 Feb 2016 Kiribati

17 May 2018 Palestine

8 Mar 2019 Federated States of Micronesia

1 Apr 2019 Antigua and Barbuda

17 Jan 2023 Palau

18 Aug 2023 South Sudan

¹Australia withdrew 31 Dec 1988, rejoined 1 Jan 1992; withdrew again 31 Dec 1997.²Belgiumwithdrew on 31 Dec 2015.³from 1991 Belarus.⁴Canada withdrew 31 Dec 1993.⁵from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁶Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁷Denmark withdrew 31 Dec 2016.⁸East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.⁹France withdrew 31 Dec 2014.¹⁰Greece withdrew 31 Dec 2016.¹¹Portugal withdrew 31 Dec 2014. ¹²Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.¹³from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁴U.K. withdrew31 Dec 2012. ¹⁵U.S. withdrew 31 Dec 1996.¹⁶Yugoslavia expelled 2 Jul 1993, readmitted 6 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹⁷from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).¹⁸New Zealand withdrew31 Dec 2013.¹⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.²⁰until 21 Mar 1990 the United Nations Council for Namibia(not recognized by South Africa).²¹from 2018 Eswatini.²²Lithuania withdrew 31 Dec 2012. ²³Slovakiawithdrew 31 Dec 2017.²⁴as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

[United Nations Relief and
Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
(UNRWA) flag]

[United Nations Relief and
Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
(UNRWA) flag]

UNRWA website

Headquarters: Amman (Jordan) and
Gaza City (Gaza Strip)
(Beirut, Lebanon 1950-1978; Vienna, Austria 1978-1996)

8 Dec 1949 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) established, as a UN specialized agency. 1 May 1950 Operations begin. Commissioners-General 1 May 1950 - 30 Jun 1951 Howard Kennedy (Canada) (b. 1892 - d. 1967) 1 Jul 1951 - 7 Mar 1953 John B. Blandford, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1898 - d. 1972) 7 Mar 1953 - 15 Jun 1954 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (d. 1959) (1st time) (acting) 15 Jun 1954 - 15 Jun 1958 Henry Richardson Labouisse (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 15 Jun 1958 - 15 Feb 1959 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 15 Feb 1959 - 31 Dec 1963 John H. Davis (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1964 - 14 May 1971 Laurence V. Michelmore (U.S.) (b. 1909 - d. 1997) 15 May 1971 - 31 Mar 1977 Sir John Shaw Rennie (U.K.) (b. 1917 - d. 2002) 1 Apr 1977 - 15 Apr 1979 Thomas W. McElhiney (U.S.) (b. 1919 - d. 1998) 15 Apr 1979 - 9 Jul 1979 Alan J. Brown (U.K.) (acting) 9 Jul 1979 - 31 Oct 1985 Olof Rydbeck (Sweden) (b. 1913 - d. 1995) 1 Nov 1985 - 28 Feb 1991 Giorgio Giacomelli (Italy) (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 1 Mar 1991 - 29 Feb 1996 İlter Türkmen (Turkey) (b. 1927 - d. 2022) 1 Mar 1996 - 31 Mar 2005 Peter Hansen (Denmark) (b. 1941) 1 Apr 2005 - 31 Dec 2009 Karen Koning AbuZayd (f) (U.S.) (b. 1941) (acting to 28 Jun 2005) 1 Jan 2010 - 29 Mar 2014 Filippo Grandi (Italy) (b. 1957) (acting to 20 Jan 2010)30 Mar 2014 - 6 Nov 2019 Pierre Krähenbühl (Switzerland) (b. 1966) 6 Nov 2019 -30 Mar 2020 Christian Saunders (U.K.)(interim) (b. 1961) 1 Apr 2020 - Philippe Lazzarini (Switzerland) (b. 1964)
UNRWA Advisory Commission membership (29)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`8 Dec 1949`	`France, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States`
`13 Oct 1952`	`Syria`
`19 Dec 1952`	`Jordan`
`24 Feb 1953`	`Egypt`
`12 Feb 1954`	`Belgium`
`29 Dec 1954`	`Lebanon`
`13 Dec 1972`	`Japan`
`8 Dec 2005`	`Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland`
`18 Dec 2008`	`Finland, Ireland`
`10 Dec 2010`	`Kuwait`
`12 Jan 2012`	`Luxembourg`
`9 Dec 2014`	`Brazil, United Arab Emirates`
`7 Dec 2018`	`Qatar`
`10 Dec 2020`	`India`

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)

Headquarters: Washington, D.C. (U.S.)

9 Nov 1943