International
Organizations N-W
New
Development Bank (NDB)
3 Jul 2015
New Development Bank (NDB)(formerly referred to as the
"BRICS
Development Bank") established.
Feb 2016
NDB becomes operational.
Presidents
21 Jul 2015 - 7 Jul 2020
Kundapur Vaman Kamath (India) (b. 1947)
7 Jul 2020 - 24 Mar 2023 Marcos Prado Troyjo
(Brazil) (b. 1966)
24 Mar 2023
-
Dilma Vana Rousseff (f)(Brazil) (b. 1947)
NDB membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
3 Jul 2015 |
Brazil, China, India, Russia,
South Africa |
16 Sep 2021
|
Bangladesh
|
4 Oct 2021
|
United Arab Emirates
|
20 Feb 2023
|
Egypt
|
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
NAM website
|
Coordinating Bureau:
United Nations H.Q.
(New York City, U.S);
NAM CSSTC: Jakarta
(Indonesia)
|
1 Sep
1961
Non-Aligned Movement founded as the Summit Conference of
Heads of
State or
Government of the Non-Aligned Movement.
20 Oct
1995
Center for South-South Technical Cooperation (CSSTC)
established
in Indonesia.
Chairmen of the Non-Aligned Movement
1 Sep 1961 - 10 Oct 1964 Josip Broz
Tito (Yugoslavia) (b. 1892 - d.
1980)
10 Oct 1964 - 10 Sep 1970 Gamal Abdel
Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 -
d. 1970)
10 Sep 1970 - 9 Sep 1973 Kenneth
Kaunda
(Zambia)
(b. 1924 - d. 2021)
9 Sep 1973 - 19 Aug 1976 Houari
Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932 - d.
1978)
19 Aug 1976 - 23 Jul 1977 Sirimavo
Bandaranaike (f) (b. 1916 - d.
2000)
(Sri Lanka)
23 Jul 1977 - 6 Feb 1978 Junius Richard
Jayawardene (b. 1906 - d.
1996)
(Sri Lanka)
6 Feb 1978 - 9 Sep 1979 Ranasinghe
Premadasa (b.
1924 - d. 1993)
(Sri Lanka)
9 Sep 1979 - 12 Mar 1983
Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time) (b. 1926 - d.
2016)
12 Mar 1983 - 31 Oct 1984
Indira Gandhi (f) (India)
(b. 1917 - d. 1984)
31 Oct 1984 - 6 Sep 1986 Rajiv Gandhi
(India)
(b. 1944 - d. 1991)
6 Sep 1986 - 7 Sep 1989
Robert Mugabe
(Zimbabwe) (b.
1924 - d. 2019)
7 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990 Janez
Drnovšek (Yugoslavia) (b. 1950 -
d. 2008)
16 May 1990 - 15 May 1991 Borisav Jović
(Yugoslavia) (b. 1928 - d.
2021)
16 May 1991 - 1 Jul 1991 Sejdo
Bajramović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1927 - d. 1994)
1 Jul 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Stjepan
"Stipe" Mesić
(b. 1934)
(Yugoslavia)
5 Dec 1991 - 15 Jun 1992 Branko
Kostić (Yugoslavia)
(b. 1939 - d. 2020)
15 Jun 1992 - 6 Sep 1992 Dobrica Ćosić
(Yugoslavia) (b. 1921 - d.
2014)
6 Sep 1992 - 20 Oct 1995 Suharto
(Indonesia)
(b. 1921 - d. 2008)
20 Oct 1995 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto
Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950)
7 Aug 1998 - 3 Sep 1998
Andrés Pastrana
Arango
(b. 1954)
(Colombia)
3 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson
Mandela (South Africa) (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
16 Jun 1999 - 25 Feb 2003 Thabo Mbeki
(South Africa) (b. 1942)
25 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 Datuk
Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925)
(Malaysia)
31 Oct 2003 - 16 Sep 2006 Datuk Abdullah
Ahmad Badawi (b. 1939 - d. 2025)
(Malaysia)
16 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008 Fidel Castro
(Cuba)(2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Feb 2008 - 16 Jul 2009 Raúl Castro
(Cuba)
(b. 1931)
16 Jul 2009 - 11 Feb 2011 Hosni
Mubarak (Egypt) (b.
1928 - d. 2020)
11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012 Muhammad Hussein Tantawi
(Egypt)(b. 1931 - d. 2021)
30 Jun 2012 - 31 Aug 2012 Muhammad Morsi (Egypt)
(b. 1951 - d.
2019)
31 Aug 2012 - 3 Aug 2013 Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad (Iran) (b. 1956)
3 Aug 2013 - 18 Sep 2016 Hassan Rouhani
(Iran)
(b. 1948)
18 Sep 2016 - 25 Oct 2019
Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela)
(b. 1962)
25 Oct 2019 - 17 Jan 2024 Ilham
Aliyev (Azerbaijan)
(b. 1961)
17 Jan 2024
-
Yoweri Museveni
(Uganda) (b.
1944)
NAM membership (121)
Date
of
Admission
|
Member
Nations
|
1 Sep 1961
|
Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma1, Cambodia,
Ceylon2,
Congo (Kinshasa)3,
Cuba, Cyprus4,
Egypt5,
Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq,
Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (Sana)6, Yugoslavia7
|
5 Oct 1964
|
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad, Congo
(Brazzaville), Dahomey8, Jordan,
Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Libya, Malawi,
Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria,
Tanganyika9,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia
|
8 Sep 1970
|
Botswana, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Guyana, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malaysia, Rwanda,
Singapore, Swaziland10, Trinidad and
Tobago, United Arab Emirates,
Yemen (Aden)6
|
5 Sep 1973
|
Argentina11, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, The Gambia, Ivory Coast12, Madagascar13, Malta14, Mauritius,
Niger, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Vietnam15, Upper
Volta16
|
15 Aug 1976
|
Belize17, Cape Verde18, Comoros,
Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mozambique, North
Korea, Palestine, Panama, São Tomé and
Príncipe, Seychelles, Vietnam
|
3 Sep 1979
|
Bolivia, Grenada, Iran,
Namibia19,
Nicaragua, Pakistan, Zimbabwe
|
7 Mar 1983
|
The Bahamas, Barbados,
Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Saint Lucia,
Suriname, Vanuatu
|
4 Sep 1989
|
Venezuela
|
2 Sep 1991
|
Mongolia |
1 Sep 1992
|
Brunei Darussalam, Guatemala,
Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Uzbekistan
|
4 Oct 1993
|
Eritrea, Honduras, Thailand
|
31 May 1994
|
South Africa
|
18 Oct 1995
|
Turkmenistan
|
2 Sep 1998
|
Belarus
|
8 Apr 2000
|
Dominican Republic
|
20 Feb 2003
|
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Timor-Leste
|
29 May 2006
|
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica
|
16 Sep 2006
|
Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
25 May 2011
|
Azerbaijan, Fiji
|
17 Jan 2024
|
South Sudan
|
1from
1989 Myanmar. 2from
1972 Sri Lanka. 3Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 4Cyprus
ceased to be a member 1 May 2004. 51958 - 1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union. 6Yemen (Aden)
and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen. 7Yugoslavia
suspended from 30 Sep 1992; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro,
dissolved 5 Jun 2006. 8from 1975
Benin. 9United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed
Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 10from 2018
Eswatini. 11Argentina
withdrew 19 Sep 1991. 12from 1985 Côte
d'Ivoire. 13to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. 14Malta ceased
to be a member 1 May 2004. 15Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of
South Vietnam was represented by
National Liberation Front (NLF), from 30
Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul
1976 united with North Vietnam as Socialist
Republic of Vietnam. 16from 1984
Burkina Faso. 17Belize
a special member to 25 Sep 1981. 18from 2013
Cabo Verde. 19Namibia
was
represented by South West African
People's Organization (SWAPO) 3 Sep 1979
- 21 Mar 1990 (this not
recognized by South Africa).
|
Nordic Council (Norden)
-
- Nov 1984 - 2004
|
-
- 2004 - 1 Nov 2016
|
-
- Adopted 1 Nov 2016
|
12 Feb 1953
Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated.
1 Jul
1962
"Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki"
(23 Mar 1962 signed) in force.
Jul
1971
Secretariat inaugurated.
Secretaries-general
Jul 1971 - Jun
1973 Emil
Kristian Vindsetmo (Norway) (b. 1916 - d. 1983)
Dec 1973 - Aug
1977 Helge
Seip
(Norway)
(b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Aug 1977 - Aug
1982 Gudmund
Saxrud (Norway)
(b. 1920 - d. 2003)
Sep 1982 - Jan
1987
Ilkka-Christian
Björklund
(b. 1947)
(Finland)
Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989
Cay Gerhard af Schultén (Finland) (b. 1938)
1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994 Jostein
Osnes (Norway)
(b. 1942)
(interim to 1 Jan 1990)
1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996 Anders Wenström
(Sweden) (b. 1946)
1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999 Berglind
Ásgeirsdóttir (f)
(b. 1955)
(Iceland)
1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007 Frida
Nokken (f)
(Norway)
(b. 1948)
1 Aug 2007 - 31 Dec 2013 Jan-Erik Enestam
(Finland) (b. 1947)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Jan 2021 Britt Bohlin Olsson
(f)(Sweden) (b. 1956)
1 Feb 2021
-
Kristina Háfoss (f)(Faroe Islands) (b. 1975)
Presidents
12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953 Hans Hedtoft
(Denmark)
(b. 1903 - d. 1955)
1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Einar Henry
Gerhardsen (Norway) (b. 1897 - d.
1987)
1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955 Nils Herlitz
(Sweden)
(b. 1888 - d. 1978)
1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 Erik Eriksen
(Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957 Lennart Heljas
(Finland)
(b. 1896 - d. 1972)
1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958 Nils Hønsvald
(Norway) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1971)
1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959 Bertil Ohlin
(Sweden) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1979)
1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960 Gísli Jónsson
(Iceland)
(b. 1889 - d. 1970)
1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961 Erik Eriksen
(Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962 Karl August
Fagerholm (Finland) (b. 1901 - d.
1984)
1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Nils Hønsvald
(Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964 Bertil Ohlin
(Sweden) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965 Sigurdur Bjarnason
(Iceland) (b. 1915 -
d. 2012)
1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966 Harald Nielsen
(Denmark)
(b. 1896 - d. 1976)
1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Eino Armas Sirén
(Finland)
(b. 1909 - d. 1981)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Svenn Thorkild
Stray (Norway) (b. 1922 -
d. 2012)
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Leif Cassel
(Sweden)
(b. 1906 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Matthías Árnason
Mathiesen (b. 1931
- d. 2011)
(1st time) (Iceland)
1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 Jens Otto Krag
(Denmark)
(b. 1914 - d. 1978)
1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 Vieno Johannes
Sukselainen
(b. 1906 - d. 1995)
(Finland) (1st time)
1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 Kåre Isaachsen
Willoch (Norway) (b. 1928 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 Johannes Antonsson
(Sweden) (b.
1921 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Ragnhildur
Helgadóttir (f)
(b. 1930 - d. 2016)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2024)
1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 Vieno Johannes
Sukselainen
(s.a.)
(Finland) (2nd time)
1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Trygve Bratteli
(Norway)
(b. 1910 - d. 1984)
1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Olof Palme
(Sweden)
(b. 1927 - d. 1986)
1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Matthías Árnason
Mathiesen (s.a.)
(2nd time) (Iceland)
1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 Elsi
Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927 - d. 2023)
(Finland)
1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Jo Benkow
(Norway)
(b. 1924 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Karin Söder (f)
(Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Páll Pétursson
(Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Anker Jørgensen
(Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Elsi
Hetemäki-Olander (f)
(s.a.)
(Finland) (2nd time)
1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Jan Peder
Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Karin Söder (f)
(Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Páll Pétursson
(Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Anker Jørgensen
(Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ilkka Olavi
Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939 - d.
2022)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Jan Peder Syse
(Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1994 - 1 Oct 1994 Sten Andersson
(Sweden)
(b. 1923 - d. 2006)
1 Oct 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Per Olof Håkansson
(Sweden) (b. 1941 - d. 2000)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Geir Hilmar Haarde
(Iceland) (b. 1951)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Olof Salmén
(Finland)
(b. 1927 - d. 2011)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Berit Brørby Larsen
(f) (Norway) (b. 1950)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gun Hellsvik (f)
(Sweden)
(b. 1942 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Sigrídur Anna
Thórdardóttir (f) (b. 1946)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Svend Erik Hovmand
(Denmark) (b. 1945)
1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Outi Ojala
(f)(Finland)
(b. 1946 - d. 2017)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Inge Lønning
(Norway)
(b. 1938 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Lars Gabriel
Romanus (Sweden) (b. 1939)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Rannveig
Gudmundsdóttir (f)
(b. 1940)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Ole Stavad
(Denmark)
(b. 1949)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Dagfinn Høybråten
(Norway)
(b. 1957)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Erkki Tuomioja
(Finland)
(b. 1946)
(1st time)
1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009
Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden)
(b. 1947)
1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Helgi
Hjörvar
(Iceland)
(b. 1967)
1 Jan 2011 - 21 Oct 2011 Henrik Dam
Kristensen (Denmark) (b. 1957)
(1st time)
21 Oct 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Bertel Haarder (Denmark)(1st
time) (b. 1944)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Kimmo Sasi
(Finland)
(b. 1952 - d. 2025)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Marit Nybakk
(f)(Norway) (b.
1947)
1 Jan 2014 - 30 Sep 2014 Karin Åström (f)
(Sweden)
(b. 1953)
22 Oct 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Hans Wallmark
(Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1965)
1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Höskuldur
Thórhallsson (Iceland) (b. 1973)
1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Henrik Dam
Kristensen (Denmark) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Britt Lundberg (f)
(Finland) (b. 1963)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Michael Tetzschner
(Norway) (b. 1954)
1 Jan 2019 - 26 Jun 2019 Jessica Polfjärd
(f)(Sweden) (b.
1971)
26 Jun 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Hans Wallmark
(Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Silja Dögg
Gunnarsdóttir (f) (b. 1973)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Bertel Haarder
(Denmark)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Erkki Tuomioja
(Finland) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Jorodd Asphjell
(Norway)
(b. 1960)
1 Jan 2024 - 31 Dec 2024 Bryndís
Haraldsdóttir (f)
(b. 1976)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2025
-
Heléne Björklund (f)
(Sweden) (b. 1972)
Nordic Council Membership (5)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
12 Feb 1953 |
Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden |
27 Jan 1956 |
Finland |
|
Date of
Participation
|
Member Territories (3)
|
1 Jan 1970 |
Aland Islands, Faroe Islands |
15 Jul 1983 |
Greenland |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
- Adopted 14 Oct 1953
|
4 Apr
1949
"The North Atlantic Treaty" is signed in Washington,
D.C.
24 Aug
1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization established.
11 Jan
1994
Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet
states
and Eastern European nations created.
Secretaries-general
4 Apr 1952 - 16 May
1957 Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 -
d. 1965)
16 May 1957 - 4 Mar
1961 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 -
d. 1972)
4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr
1961 Alberico Casardi (Italy)(acting) (b.
1903 - d. 1979)
21 Apr 1961 - 1 Aug
1964 Dirk Uipko
Stikker
(b. 1897 - d. 1979)
(The
Netherlands)
1 Aug 1964 - 1
Oct 1971 Manlio Brosio
(Italy)
(b. 1897 - d. 1980)
1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun
1984 Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns
(b. 1911 - d. 2002)
(The Netherlands)
25 Jun 1984 - 1 Jul
1988 Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, (b.
1919 - d. 2018)
Baron Carrington of Upton (U.K.)
1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug
1994 Manfred Wörner
(Germany)
(b. 1934 - d. 1994)
13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct
1994 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934 -
d. 2018)
(acting)
17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct
1995 Willem "Willy" Werner
Hubert Claes (b. 1938)
(Belgium)
20 Oct 1995 - 5 Dec
1995 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
5 Dec 1995 - 6
Oct 1999 Javier Solana Madariaga
(Spain) (b. 1942)
14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec
2003 George Islay Macneill Robertson,
(b. 1946)
Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.)
17 Dec 2003 - 5 Jan
2004 Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy)
(b. 1940)
(acting)
5 Jan 2004 - 1
Aug 2009 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de
Hoop (b. 1948)
Scheffer (The Netherlands)
1 Aug 2009 - 1 Oct 2014 Anders Fogh
Rasmussen (Denmark) (b. 1953)
1 Oct 2014 - 1 Oct 2024 Jens
Stoltenberg
(Norway)
(b. 1959)
1 Oct 2024 -
Mark Rutte (The Netherlands)
(b. 1967)
Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR)(all
from U.S.)
2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952 Dwight D.
Eisenhower
(b. 1890 - d. 1969)
30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B.
Ridgway
(b. 1895 - d. 1993)
11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M.
Gruenther
(b. 1899 - d. 1983)
20 Nov 1956 - 1 Jan 1963 Lauris
Norstad
(b. 1907 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1963 - 1 Jul 1969 Lyman
L.
Lemnitzer
(b. 1899 - d. 1988)
1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974 Andrew J.
Goodpaster
(b. 1915 - d. 2005)
15 Dec 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 Alexander
M.
Haig
(b. 1924 - d. 2010)
1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987 Bernard
Rogers
(b. 1921 - d. 2008)
26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John R.
Galvin
(b. 1929 - d. 2015)
23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993 John M.
Shalikashvili
(b. 1936 - d. 2011)
22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997 George A.
Joulwan
(b. 1939)
11 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2000 Wesley K.
Clark
(b. 1944)
3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003 Joseph W.
Ralston
(b. 1943)
17 Jan 2003 - 7 Dec 2006 James L.
Jones
(b. 1943)
7 Dec 2006 - 2 Jul 2009 Bantz J.
Craddock
(b. 1949)
2 Jul 2009 - 13 May 2013 James G.
Stavridis
(b. 1955)
13 May 2013 - 4 May 2016 Philip M.
Breedlove
(b. 1955)
4 May 2016 - 3 May 2019 Curtis M.
Scaparrotti
(b. 1956)
3 May 2019 - 4 Jul 2022 Tod D.
Wolters
(b. 1960)
4 Jul 2022
-
Christopher G.
Cavoli
(b. 1964)
NATO Membership (32)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
24 Aug 1949 |
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France1, Iceland,
Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United
Kingdom, United States |
18 Feb 1952 |
Greece2,
Turkey3 |
5 May 1955 |
(West) Germany |
30 May 1982 |
Spain4 |
12 Mar 1999 |
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland |
29 Mar
2004 |
Bulgaria,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia |
1 Apr 2009
|
Albania, Croatia
|
5 Jun 2017
|
Montenegro
|
27 Mar 2020
|
North Macedonia
|
4 Apr 2023
|
Finland
|
7 Mar 2024
|
Sweden
|
¹France
withdrew from integrated military structure
1 Jul 1966, rejoined 3 Apr 2009. 2Greece
withdrew from integrated military structure 14
Aug 1974, rejoined 20 Oct 1980.
3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4Spain
outside integrated military structure until 1
Jan 1999.
|
NATO Parliamentary Assembly
(institutionally independent from NATO)
1999 - 2012
|
Adopted 2012
|
18 Jul
1955
NATO Parliamentarians' Conference
Nov
1966
North Atlantic Assembly (NAA)
1 Jun
1999
NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO-PA)
Executive Secretary
1955 -
1960
Douglas Robinson
(U.K.)
(b. 1929?)
Secretaries-general
1960 - 31 Dec
1967 Otto
van Hinloopen
Labberton (b. 1913 -
d. 1982)
(The
Netherlands)
1 Jan 1968 - Dec 1986
Philippe Deshormes
(Belgium) (b. 1921 -
d. 1993)
Jan 1987 - May
1997 Peter
Corterier ([West] Germany) (b. 1936 - d. 2017)
31 May 1997 - 31 Dec 2007 Simon Lunn
(U.K.)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2019 David Hobbs
(U.K.)
(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2020
-
Ruxandra Popa (f)(France)
(b. 1964)
Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT)
1 Jul 1968
"Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons" signed.
5 Mar 1970
Treaty enters into force.
NPT state parties (191)
Date
of Ratification
|
Nation
Parties
|
5 Mar 1970
|
Afghanistan, Austria,
Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of
China¹,
Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia2, Denmark,
East Germany3,
Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Laos,
Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,
Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,
Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Soviet
Union4,
Swaziland5,
Sweden, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, United Kingdom,
United States, Upper Volta6, Yugoslavia7
|
11 Mar 1970
|
Greece
|
7 Apr 1970
|
Maldives
|
4 May 1970
|
Ghana
|
20 May 1970
|
Lesotho
|
26 May 1970
|
Bolivia
|
2 Jun 1970
|
Haiti
|
11 Jun 1970
|
Kenya
|
15 Jul 1970
|
Lebanon
|
4 Aug 1970
|
Zaire8
|
10 Aug 1970
|
San Marino
|
31 Aug 1970
|
Uruguay
|
22 Sep 1970
|
Guatemala
|
8 Oct 1970
|
Madagascar
|
25 Oct 1970
|
Central African Republic
|
27 Nov 1970
|
Morocco
|
17 Dec 1970
|
Senegal
|
25 Feb 1971
|
Holy See
|
10 Mar 1971
|
Chad
|
17 Mar 1971
|
Burundi
|
7 Jul 1971
|
Tonga
|
24 Jul 1971
|
Dominican Republic
|
10 Sep 1971
|
South Vietnam9
|
2 Jun 1972
|
Cambodia
|
11 Jul 1972
|
El Salvador
|
21 Jul 1972
|
Fiji
|
5 Oct 1972
|
The Philippines
|
31 Oct 1972
|
Dahomey10
|
7 Dec 1972
|
Thailand
|
23 Jan 1973
|
Australia
|
6 Mar 1973
|
Ivory Coast11, Nicaragua
|
16 May 1973
|
Honduras
|
31 Oct 1973
|
The Sudan
|
19 Feb 1974
|
Gabon
|
26 Feb 1975
|
Sierra Leone
|
17 Mar 1975
|
Western Samoa12
|
23 Apr 1975
|
South Korea
|
2 May 1975
|
Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, West Germany3
|
12 May 1975
|
The Gambia
|
20 May 1975
|
Rwanda
|
26 May 1975
|
Libya
|
2 Sep 1975
|
Grenada
|
25 Sep 1975
|
Venezuela
|
10 Mar 1976
|
Singapore
|
8 Jun 1976
|
Japan
|
30 Jun 1976
|
Suriname
|
11 Aug 1976
|
The Bahamas
|
20 Aug 1976
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
13 Jan 1977
|
Panama
|
9 Mar 1977
|
Switzerland
|
15 Dec 1977
|
Portugal
|
20 Apr 1978
|
Liechtenstein
|
23 Oct 1978
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
19 Jan 1979
|
Tuvalu
|
5 Mar 1979
|
Sri Lanka
|
1 Jun 1979
|
Yemen (Aden)13
|
12 Jul 1979
|
Indonesia
|
31 Aug 1979
|
Bangladesh
|
24 Oct 1979
|
Cape Verde14 |
28 Dec 1979
|
Saint Lucia
|
21 Feb 1980
|
Barbados
|
17 Apr 1980
|
Turkey15 |
26 Feb 1981
|
Egypt
|
17 Jun 1981
|
Solomon Islands
|
13 Jan 1982
|
Papua New Guinea
|
7 Jun 1982
|
Nauru
|
14 Jun 1982
|
Vietnam
|
20 Oct 1982
|
Uganda
|
20 Jul 1983
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
10 Aug 1984
|
Dominica
|
1 Nov 1984
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
6 Nov 1984
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines
|
12 Mar 1985
|
Seychelles
|
18 Apr 1985
|
Kiribati
|
29 Apr 1985
|
Guinea
|
26 Mar 1985
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
23 May 1985
|
Bhutan
|
17 Jun 1985
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
9 Aug 1985
|
Belize
|
12 Dec 1985
|
North Korea16
|
18 Feb 1986
|
Malawi
|
8 Apr 1986
|
Colombia
|
14 May 1986
|
Yemen (Sana)13
|
30 Oct 1986
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
5 Nov 1987
|
Spain
|
3 Oct 1988
|
Saudi Arabia
|
3 Nov 1988
|
Bahrain
|
3 Apr 1989
|
Qatar
|
17 Nov 1989
|
Kuwait
|
4 Sep 1990
|
Mozambique
|
12 Sep 1990
|
Albania
|
15 May 1991
|
Zambia
|
31 May 1991
|
Tanzania
|
10 Jul 1991
|
South Africa
|
23 Sep 1991
|
Lithuania
|
26 Sep 1991
|
Zimbabwe
|
7 Jan 1992
|
Estonia
|
31 Jan 1992
|
Latvia
|
9 Mar 1992
|
People's Republic of China¹
|
7 Apr 1992
|
Slovenia
|
7 May 1992
|
Uzbekistan
|
29 Jun 1992
|
Croatia
|
2 Aug 1992
|
France
|
22 Sep 1992
|
Azerbaijan
|
2 Oct 1992
|
Namibia
|
9 Oct 1992
|
Niger
|
2 Dec 1992
|
Myanmar
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
9 Feb 1993
|
Belarus
|
21 Jul 1993
|
Armenia
|
19 Oct 1993
|
Guyana
|
26 Oct 1993
|
Mauritania
|
17 Jan 1994
|
Tajikistan
|
14 Feb 1994
|
Kazakhstan
|
7 Mar 1994
|
Georgia
|
5 Jul 1994
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
15 Aug 1994
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
29 Sep 1994
|
Turkmenistan
|
11 Oct 1994
|
Moldova
|
5 Dec 1994
|
Ukraine
|
12 Jan 1995
|
Algeria
|
30 Jan 1995
|
Marshall Islands
|
10 Feb 1995
|
Argentina
|
13 Mar 1995
|
Monaco
|
16 Mar 1995
|
Eritrea
|
30 Mar 1995
|
Macedonia17 |
14 Apr 1995
|
Federated States of
Micronesia, Palau
|
25 May 1995
|
Chile
|
24 Aug 1995
|
Vanuatu
|
26 Sep 1995
|
United Arab Emirates
|
4 Oct 1995
|
Comoros
|
7 Jun 1996
|
Andorra
|
14 Oct 1996
|
Angola
|
16 Oct 1996
|
Djibouti
|
23 Jan 1997
|
Oman
|
18 Sep 1998
|
Brazil
|
4 Nov 2002
|
Cuba
|
5 May 2003
|
Timor-Leste
|
3 Jun 2006
|
Montenegro
|
10 Feb 2015
|
Palestine
|
¹Republic
of China (Taiwan) an original NPT signatory on 27
Jan 1970 and represented China until 15 Nov 1971,
when the UN voted to have China represented by the
People's Republic of China (though Taiwan
states it will continue to abide by the treaty); the
People's Republic of China acceded to the
NPT 29 Dec 1991, effective 9 Mar 1992. 2Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan
1993 succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
3East
Germany and West Germany united 1990. 4Soviet Union
dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. 5from 2018
Eswatini. 6from
1984 Burkina Faso. 7succession
to the Treaty by the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia is 27 April 1992; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia.
8from 1997 Congo
(Kinshasa). 9unification
with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976 as Socialist
Republic of Vietnam; by letters of 1 Aug 1979 and
6 May 1980 Vietnam stated that it did not consider
itself bound by treaties previously ratified by
South Vietnam; Socialist Republic of
Vietnam acceded to NPT on 14 Jun 1982. 10from 1975
Benin. 11from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 12from 1997
Samoa. 13Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as
Yemen. 14from 2013
Cabo Verde. 15from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
16North
Korea withdrew 10 Jan 2003. 17as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
|
Organisation Commune Africaine
et Malgache (OCAM): see African and
Malagasy Common Organization
Organization of
African Unity (OAU): see African
Union
Organization of African, Caribbean and
Pacific States (OACPS)
-
c.1976 - 17 Jun 2013
|
-
Adopted
17 Jun 2013
|
28 Feb
1975 European
Communities and ACP States sign First
Lomé Convention
granting
financial, technical assistance and trade concessions.
6 Jun 1975
Georgetown Agreement formally
creating the ACP Group signed
(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States)(ACP).
23 Jun 2000
Cotonou Agreement signed
(effective 1 Apr 2003).
19 Dec
2019
Revised Georgetown Agreement signed (effective 5 Apr
2020).
5 Apr 2020
Organization of African, Caribbean
and Pacific States (OACPS)
(Organisation des États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du
Pacifique).
Secretaries-general
1976 - 1979
Tieoulé Konaté
(Mali)
(b. 1933 - d. 1995)
1979 -
1984
Tom Okelo-Odongo
(Kenya)
(b. 1927 - d. 1991)
1984 - 1989
Edwin Wilberforce Carrington (b.
1938)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
1989 - 1994
Ghebray Berhane
(Ethiopia)
(b. 1938)
1994 -
1996
Carl Barrington Greenidge (Guyana) (b. 1949)
(interim)
16 Jul 1996 - 29
Feb 2000 Ng'andu Peter Magande
(Zambia) (b. 1947)
1 Mar 2000
- 28 Feb 2005 Jean-Robert Goulongana
(Gabon) (b. 1953)
1 Mar 2005
- 28 Feb 2010 Sir John
Kaputin
(b. 1941)
(Papua New Guinea)
1 Mar 2010 - 31 Mar 2013
Mohamed Ibn Chambas
(Ghana) (b.
1950)
1 Apr 2013 - 28 Feb
2015 Alhaji Muhammad Mumuni
(Ghana) (b. 1949)
1 Mar 2015 - 29 Feb 2020 Patrick
Ignatius Gomes (Guyana) (b. 1941)
1
Mar 2020 - 28 Feb 2025 Georges Rebelo
Pinto Chikoti (b. 1955)
(Angola)
1 Mar 2025
-
Moussa Natal Saleh Batraki (Chad) (b.
1982)
OACPS membership (79)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
6 Jun 1975 |
The Bahamas, Barbados,
Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey1,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Ivory Coast2,
Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
The Sudan, Swaziland3,
Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
Uganda, Upper Volta4,
Western Samoa5, Zaire6,
Zambia |
8 Dec 1984 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Belize,
Cape Verde7, Comoros,
Djibouti, Dominica, Kiribati, Liberia, Mozambique,
Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé
and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands,
Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe
|
4 Nov 1995 |
Angola, Dominican Republic,
Haiti |
23 Jun 2000 |
Cook Islands, Eritrea,
Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, South Africa8
|
14 Dec 2000 |
Cuba |
16 May 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
19 Dec 2022
|
Maldives
|
1from
1975 Benin. 2from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 3from
2018 Eswatini. 4from
1984 Burkina Faso. 5from
1997 Samoa. 6from
1997 Congo (Kinshasa). 7from
2013 Cabo Verde. 8South
Africa withdrew 2 Sep 2022.
|
Organization of American States (OAS)
1910 - 1948
|
Adopted Apr 1961
|
OAS website
|
OAS
Charter
(2 May 1948)
|
Headquarters:
Washington, D.C.
(United States)
|
OAS Day: 14
Apr (1890)
Pan American Day
|
2 Oct 1889
First Pan-American Conference meets
in Washington, D.C.
14 Apr
1890
Commercial Bureau of the American Republics
26 Aug
1890
Secretariat established.
29 Jan
1902
International Bureau of the American Republics
11 Aug
1910
Pan-American Union
30 Apr
1948
Organization of American States (OAS)(Organización de
los Estados
Americanos/Organização dos Estados
Americanos/Organisation
des États Américains).
Directors (all from the U.S.)
26 Aug 1890 - 18 May 1893 William Eleroy Curtis
(b. 1850
- d. 1911)
18 May 1893 - 29 Mar 1897 Clinton Furbish
(b. 1838 - d. 1904)
29 Mar 1897 - 5 Feb 1898 Joseph Patterson
Smith (b. 1856
- d. 1898)
5 Feb 1898 - 20 May 1899 Frederic
Emory
(b. 1853 - d. 1908)
(acting to 28 Feb 1898, then provisional)
20 May 1899 - 6 Mar 1905 William Woodville
Rockhill (b. 1854 - d.
1914)
6 Mar 1905 - 1 Jan
1907 Williams Carlton Fox
(b. 1855 - d. 1924)
(acting to 5 Apr 1905)
Directors-general
1 Jan 1907 - 1 Sep 1920 John
Barrett
(U.S.)
(b. 1866 - d. 1938)
1 Sep 1920 - 5 Dec 1946 Leo
Stanton Rowe
(U.S.)
(b. 1871 - d. 1946)
5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947 Pedro de
Alba Pérez (Mexico) (b.
1887 - d. 1960)
(acting)
27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Alberto Lleras Camargo
(Colombia) (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Secretaries-general
30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954 Alberto Lleras
Camargo (Colombia) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955 Carlos Gregorio
Dávila Espinosa (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
(Chile)
19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956 William Manger
(U.S.) (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968 José
Antonio Mora Otero (Uruguay) (b. 1897 -
d. 1975)
18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975 Galo Plaza
Lasso
(Ecuador)
(b. 1906 - d. 1987)
18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984 Alejandro José
Luis Orfila (b.
1925 - d. 2021)
(Argentina)
31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984 Valerie "Val"
Theodore McComie (b. 1920 - d.
2007)
(Barbados) (acting)
20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994 João Clemente
Baena Soares (Brazil)(b. 1931 - d. 2023)
20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994 Christopher Ray
Thomas (acting) (b. 1937)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004 César Gaviria
Trujillo (Colombia) (b. 1947)
15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004 Miguel Ángel
Rodríguez Echeverría (b. 1940)
(Costa Rica)
15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005 Luigi Roberto
Einaudi (U.S.) (b.
1936)
(acting)
26 May 2005 - 26 May 2015 José Miguel
Insulza
Salinas (b.
1943)
(Chile)
26 May 2015
-
Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes
(b. 1963)
(Uruguay)
OAS membership (34)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
30 Apr 1948 |
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba1,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras2, Mexico,
Nicaragua3, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay,
Venezuela4 |
17 Mar 1967 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
15 Nov 1967 |
Barbados |
20 Aug 1969 |
Jamaica |
13 May 1975 |
Grenada |
8 Jun 1977 |
Suriname |
22 May 1979 |
Dominica, Saint Lucia |
3 Dec 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines |
3 Mar 1982 |
The Bahamas |
12 Mar 1984 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
8 Jan 1990 |
Canada |
8 Jan 1991 |
Belize, Guyana |
1Cuba
suspended 14 Feb 1962 - 3 Jun 2009
has refused to resume membership. 2Honduras
suspended 4 Jul 2009 - 1 Jun 2011. 3Nicaragua
initiated withdrawal 19 Nov 2021, officially
taking effect 19 Nov 2023 (it declared immediate
withdrawal 24 Apr 2022). 4Venezuela initiated
withdrawal 27 Apr 2017 (to be effective 27
Apr 2019); OAS recognizes Guaidó
government from 9 Apr 2019 which annuls the
denunciation.
|
Organization of Central American States
(ODECA)
Headquarters: San Salvador
(El Salvador) |
Hear
ODECA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 22 Jun 1971 |
14 Oct 1951
Organization of Central American States
(OCAS)
(Organización
de Estados Centroamericanos)(ODECA)
formed.
14 Oct 1955
Secretariat inaugurated.
30 Mar 1965
Second charter effective, signed on 12 Dec
1962.
1973
Functions suspended.
Secretaries-general
14 Oct 1955 - 15 Feb 1960 José Guillermo Trabanino
Guerrero (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
(El Salvador)
15 Feb 1960 - 15 Feb 1964
Marco Tulio Zeledón Matamoros
(b. 1913 - d. 1992)
(Costa
Rica)
15 Feb 1964 - 31 Mar 1969 Albino Román y Vega
(Nicaragua) (b. 1922 - d. ....)
(interim)
15 Sep 1970 - 1972 Manuel
Francisco Villacorta (b. 1923 -
d. 1988)
Vielmann (Guatemala)
(special representative to 1971)
1972 - 1973
Álvaro Fernández Escalante
(b. 1930 - d. 2021)
(Costa
Rica) (interim)
ODECA membership
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
14 Oct 1951
|
Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala1, Honduras2, Nicaragua
|
1Guatemala
withdrew 4 Apr 1953, rejoined 1954. 2Honduras
withdrew 1970.
|
Organization of
Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
Adopted 21 Jun 2006
|
OECS website
|
Headquarters:
Castries
(Saint Lucia)
|
OECS Day: 18
Jun (1981)
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States Day
|
27 Feb
1967
West Indies Associated States Supreme Court established.
18 Jun
1981
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded.
10 Aug 2012
OECS assembly inaugurated.
Directors-general
Jul 1982 - 1 Dec
1995 Vaughan A. Lewis (Saint
Lucia) (b. 1940)
Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001
Swinburne A.S. Lestrade (Dominica) (b. 1947)
31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003 George Goodwin,
Jr. (acting) (b. 194. -
d. 2009)
(Antigua and Barbuda)
12 May 2003 - 31 Dec 2013 Len Ishmael (f)
(Saint Lucia)
1 Jan 2014 - 30 Apr
2014 Bentley A. Browne (acting)
(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
1 May 2014
-
Didacus Jules (Saint Lucia) (b.
1956)
Speaker of the OECS Assembly
10 Aug 2012 -
René Mercedes
Baptiste (f) (b. 1951)
(Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines)
Chief Justices of the West Indies Associated
States Supreme Court
1967 - 1972
Allen Montgomery
Lewis
(b. 1909 - d. 1993)
(from 9
Jul 1968, Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis)
(Saint Lucia)
1972 -
1975
Percival Cecil Lewis
(acting) (b. 1912 - d.
....)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1975 -
1980
Sir Maurice Herbert Davis
(b. 1912 - d. 1988)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Chief Justices of the
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
1981 - Oct 1983
Neville Peterkin
(Grenada) (b. 1915 - d.
....)
(from 11 Dec 1981, Sir Neville Peterkin)
28 Oct 1983 -
1984
Neville Algernon Berridge (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2000)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1984 -
1991
Lascelles Lister Robotham (Jamaica)(b. 1923 - d. 1996)
(from 28 Apr 1987, Sir Lascelles
Lister Robotham)
Nov 1991 - Jul
1996 Sir
Vincent Frederick Floissac (b. 1928 - d.
2010)
(Saint
Lucia)
1996 - Apr 2004
Charles Michael Dennis Byron (b.
1943)
(from 21 Jun 2000, Sir Charles Michael
Dennis Byron)
(acting to 1999)(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Jun 2004 - Feb
2005 Adrian
Dudley Saunders (acting) (b. 1954)
(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
1 Mar 2005 - 28 Apr 2008 Brian George Keith
Alleyne (b. 1943)
(from 16 Jul 2007, Sir Brian George Keith Alleyne)
(Dominica) (acting)
29 Apr 2008 - 31 Jul 2012 Hugh Anthony
Rawlins
(b. 1950)
from 27 Mar 2012, Sir Hugh Anthony Rawlins)
(acting to 30 May 2008)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1 Aug 2012 - 5 May 2024 Janice
Mesadis Pereira (f)
(from 7 May 2013, Dame Janice Mesadis Pereira)
(acting to 24 Oct 2012)
(British Virgin Islands)
5 May 2024
-
Mario F. Michel
(acting)
(b. 1960)
(Saint Lucia)
OECS membership (7)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
4 Jul 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Montserrat, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines |
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of OECS (5)
|
22 Nov 1984
|
British Virgin Islands
|
24 May 1998
|
Anguilla
|
9 Apr 2016
|
Martinique
|
14 Mar 2019
|
Guadeloupe
|
21 Mar 2025
|
Saint-Martin
|
Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
OECD Flag to 15 Dec 2010
|
Adopted 15 Dec 2010
|
16 Apr
1948
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
30 Sep
1961
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD)
Secretaries-general
16 Apr 1948 - 1 Apr 1955 Robert
Marjolin
(France)
(b. 1911 - d. 1986)
1 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1960 René
Sergent
(France)
(b. 1904 - d. 1984)
1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969 Thorkil
Christensen (Denmark) (b.
1899 - d. 1989)
30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984 Emile van
Lennep (The Netherlands) (b. 1915 - d. 1996)
30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994 Jean-Claude Paye
(France)
(b. 1934)
(1st
time)
30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994 Staffan Sohlman (Sweden)
(interim) (b. 1937 - d. 2017)
30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996 Jean-Claude Paye
(France)
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006 Donald
James Johnston (Canada) (b. 1936
- d. 2022)
1 Jun 2006 - 31 May 2021 José Ángel
Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950)
1 Jun 2021 -
Mathias Hubert Paul Cormann
(b. 1970)
(Australia)
OECD membership (38)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
16 Apr 1948 |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
France, Germany1,
Greece, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste2,
Turkey3, United
Kingdom |
20 Jul 1959 |
Spain |
14 Dec 1960 |
European Economic Community4 |
30 Sep 1961 |
Canada, United States |
28 Apr 1964 |
Japan |
28 Jan 1969 |
Finland |
7 Jun 1971 |
Australia |
29 May 1973 |
New Zealand |
18 May 1994 |
Mexico |
21 Dec 1995 |
Czech Republic |
7 May 1996 |
Hungary |
22 Nov 1996 |
Poland |
12 Dec 1996 |
South Korea |
14 Dec 2000 |
Slovakia |
7 May 2010
|
Chile
|
21 Jul 2010
|
Slovenia
|
7 Sep 2010
|
Israel
|
9 Dec 2010
|
Estonia
|
1 Jul 2016
|
Latvia
|
5 Jul 2018
|
Lithuania
|
28 Apr 2020
|
Colombia
|
25 May 2021
|
Cost Rica
|
1Anglo-U.S.
"bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of
Germany. 2Trieste
Anglo-U.S. zone only; from 26 Oct 1954 part of
Italy. 3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4special
member; 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Nov 1993 European
Communities, from 1 Nov 1993 European Union. |
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
1981 - 28 Jun 2011
|
1981 - 28 Jun 2011
Variant
|
|
Adopted 28 Jun 2011
|
OIC website
|
Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)
|
OIC Day: 25
Sep (1969)
Organization of
Islamic Cooperation Day
|
22 Sep
1969
First Islamic Conference opened.
4 Mar 1972
Organization of the
Islamic Conference charter
signed
(effective 28 Feb 1973).
28 Jun 2011
Renamed Organization of Islamic
Cooperation.
Secretaries-general
Dec 1970 - 31 Dec 1973
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj
(b. 1903 - d. 1990)
(Malaysia)
1 Jan 1974 - Dec
1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt)
(b. 1924 - d. 2009)
Dec 1975 - Jan
1980 Amadou
Karim Gaye
(Senegal) (b.
1913 - d. 2000)
Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984
Habib Chatty
(Tunisia)
(b. 1916 - d. 1991)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Syed
Sharifuddin
Pirzada
(b. 1923 - d. 2017)
(Pakistan)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996 Hamid
Algabid
(Niger)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000 Azzedine
Laraki
(Morocco)
(b. 1929 - d. 2010)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004
Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco)
(b. 1939 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2013 Ekmeleddin
İhsanoğlu (Turkey) (b.
1943)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Oct 2016 Iyad bin Amin
Madani (Saudi Arabia)(b. 1946)
1 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2016 Abdullah Alim
(Saudi Arabia)
(acting)
17 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2021
Yousef bin Ahmad Abdul Rahman
Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia)
17 Nov 2021 -
Hissein Brahim Taha
(Chad)
(b. 1951)
OIC membership (57)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
22 Sep 1969 |
Afghanistan1,
Algeria, Chad, Egypt2,
Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia,
Turkey3,
Yemen (Aden)4,
Yemen (Sana)4 |
29 Feb 1972 |
Bahrain, Oman,
Qatar, Sierra Leone, Syria5, United
Arab Emirates |
1974 |
Bangladesh, Gabon, The
Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Uganda |
1975 |
Upper Volta6, Cameroon |
1976 |
Comoros, Iraq,
Maldives |
Apr 1978 |
Djibouti |
1982 |
Benin |
15 Jan 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
Jan 1986 |
Nigeria |
8 Dec 1991 |
Azerbaijan |
Jun 1992
|
Turkmenistan
|
Dec 1992 |
Albania, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Zanzibar7 |
10 Dec 1994 |
Mozambique |
12 Dec 1995 |
Kazakhstan |
2 Oct 1996 |
Uzbekistan |
Dec 1996 |
Suriname |
2 Oct 1997 |
Togo |
1 Oct 1998 |
Guyana |
27 Jun 2001 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
1Afghanistan
suspended 28 Jan 1980 - 13 Mar 1989 (seat then
given to rebels). 2Egypt
suspended 9 May 1979 - 30 Jan 1984. 3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May
1990. 5Syria
suspended from 16 Aug 2012. 6from 1984
Burkina Faso. 7Zanzibar
withdrew Aug 1993. |
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
Adopted 1970
|
OPEC website
|
Headquarters:
Vienna
(Austria)
(Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)
|
14 Sep
1960
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
founded.
Secretaries-general¹
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964 Fuad Rouhani
(Iran)
(b. 1907 - d. 2004)
1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965 Abdul
Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq)
(b. 1913 - d. 1973)
1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966 Ashraf T.
Lutfi
(Kuwait)
(b. 1919 - d. 1974)
1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Muhammad
Saleh
Joukhdar
(b. 1932)
(Saudi Arabia)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Francisco
R. Parra (Venezuela) (b. 1929 -
d. 2020)
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Elrich
Sanger
(Indonesia)
(b. 1927 - d. 1996)
1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Omar
el-Badri
(Libya)
(b. 1937)
1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972 Nadim
Pachachi
(b. 1914 - d. 1976)
(United Arab Emirates)
1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Abderrahman
Khène (Algeria) (b. 1931
- d. 2020)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976 Meshach
Ototiki Feyide (Nigeria) (b. 1926 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978 Ali M.
Jaidah
(Qatar)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981 René
Genaro Ortiz Durán (Ecuador) (b. 1941)
1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983 Marc
Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon) (b. 1934 - d.
2012)
1 Jul 1983 - 19 Jul 1983 Fadhil Jafar
al-Chalabi (Iraq) (b. 1929 - d.
2019)
(acting)
19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Mana Saeed Al
Otaiba (acting) (b. 1946)
(United
Arab Emirates)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984 Kamal Hassan Maghur
(Libya) (b. 1935 - d. 2002)
(acting)
31 Oct 1984 - 9 Dec 1985 Subroto
(Indonesia)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d.
2022)
(acting)
1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 Arturo Hernández
Grisanti (b. 1927 - d.
2008)
(Venezuela)(acting)
1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988 Rilwanu
Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938 - d. 2014)
(acting)
1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994 Subroto
(Indonesia)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Abdalla
Salem el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1940)
(1st
time)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000 Rilwanu
Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002 Alí
Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d.
2018)
1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003 Álvaro
José Silva Calderón (b.
1929)
(Venezuela)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Purnomo
Yusgiantoro (Indonesia) (b. 1951)
(acting)
1 Jan 2004 - 28 Feb 2004 Iin Arifin
Takhyan (Indonesia) (b. 1952)
(acting for Yusgiantoro)
28 Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Maizar Rahman
(Indonesia)
(b. 1948)
(acting for Yusgiantoro)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad
(b. 1963)
Al Sabah (Kuwait) (acting)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Adnan Shihab-Eldin
(Kuwait) (b.
1943)
(acting for Al Sabah)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (Nigeria) (b.
1943)
(acting)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (b. 1959 -
d. 2022)
(acting for Daukoru)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Jul 2016 Abdalla
Salem el-Badri (Libya) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Aug 2016 - 5 Jul 2022
Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (s.a.)
5 Jul 2022 - 31 Jul 2022 Ayed S. Al-Qahtani
(Saudi Arabia)
(acting)
1 Aug 2022
-
Haitham al-Ghais
(Kuwait)
(b. 1969)
OPEC membership (12)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
14 Sep 1960 |
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, Venezuela |
15 Jan 1961 |
Qatar2 |
4 Jun 1962 |
Indonesia3, Libya |
27 Nov 1967 |
Abu Dhabi4 |
8 Jul 1969 |
Algeria |
12 Jul 1971 |
Nigeria |
19 Nov 1973 |
Ecuador5 |
9 Jun 1975 |
Gabon6 |
1 Jan 2007
|
Angola7 |
25 May 2017
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
22 Jun 2018
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
¹21
Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of
Governors were also, ex-officio, the
Secretaries-general of the organization. The
functions of Chairman of the Board of
Governors and Secretary-general were separated
Apr 1965. 2Qatar
membership
terminated 1 Jan 2019. 3Indonesia
membership suspended at its own request
1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2016 and from 30
Nov 2016. 4Abu
Dhabi membership transferred
to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974. 5Ecuador
membership suspended at its own
request 31 Dec 1992, rejoined 23 Oct 2007; withdrew
membership 1
Jan 2020. 6Gabon
membership terminated at its own request
31 Dec 1994, rejoined 1 Jul 2016. 7Angola
withdrew membership 1 Jan 2024.
|
Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
OPCW website
|
Headquarters:
The Hague
(The Netherlands)
|
OPCW Day: 29
Apr (1997)
Remembrance Day
|
19 Jan
1993
"Chemical
Weapons Convention" (CWC) signed.
29 Apr
1997
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.
Directors-General
13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002 José Maurício
de Figueiredo Bustani(b. 1945)
(Brazil)
22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002 John Gee
(Australia)(acting)
(b. 1944 - d. 2007)
25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2010 Rogelio
Francisco Pfirter (b.
1948)
Fernández (Argentina)
25 Jul 2010 - 25 Jul 2018 Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey)
(b.
1951)
25 Jul 2018 -
Fernando Arias González
(Spain) (b. 1952)
OPCW membership (193)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
29 Apr 1997 |
Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada,
Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia,
Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,
Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand,
Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, The Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles,
Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland1, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe |
11 Jun 1997 |
Turkey2 |
20 Jun 1997 |
Singapore |
28 Jun 1997 |
Kuwait |
9 Jul 1997 |
Guinea |
11 Jul 1997 |
Slovenia |
20 Jul 1997 |
Macedonia3 |
24 Jul 1997 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
7 Aug 1997 |
Burkina Faso |
8 Aug 1997 |
Ghana |
27 Aug 1997 |
Brunei Darussalam |
3 Oct 1997 |
Qatar |
12 Oct 1997 |
Guyana |
21 Nov 1997 |
Pakistan |
28 Nov 1997 |
Jordan |
3 Dec 1997 |
Iran |
5 Dec 1997 |
Russia |
18 Dec 1997 |
Nepal |
2 Jan 1998 |
Venezuela |
11 Mar 1998 |
Mauritania |
15 May 1998 |
Lithuania |
13 Jun 1998 |
Benin |
18 Jun 1998 |
The Gambia |
11 Jul 1998 |
Malawi |
25 Jul 1998 |
Tanzania |
19 Aug 1998 |
Senegal |
13 Sep 1998 |
Bolivia |
27 Sep 1998 |
Cyprus |
30 Sep 1998 |
Botswana |
4 Oct 1998 |
Burundi |
30 Oct 1998 |
Vietnam |
6 Nov 1998 |
Panama |
15 Nov 1998 |
Ukraine |
12 Dec 1998 |
Indonesia |
11 Jun 1999 |
Holy See |
19 Jun 1999 |
Nigeria |
23 Jun 1999 |
The Sudan |
25 Jun 1999 |
Estonia |
21 Jul 1999 |
Micronesia |
5 Dec 1999 |
Nicaragua |
24 Dec 1999 |
Liechtenstein |
9 Jan 2000 |
San Marino |
15 Mar 2000 |
Eritrea |
30 Mar 2000 |
Azerbaijan |
22 Apr 2000 |
Kazakhstan |
5 May 2000 |
Colombia |
20 May 2000 |
Malaysia, Yugoslavia4 |
14 Sep 2000 |
Mozambique |
7 Oct 2000 |
Kiribati |
8 Oct 2000 |
Gabon, Jamaica |
1 Nov 2000 |
Yemen |
28 Dec 2000 |
United Arab Emirates |
11 Mar 2001 |
Zambia |
14 Mar 2001 |
Dominica |
12 Dec 2001 |
Nauru |
20 Dec 2001 |
Uganda |
18 Oct 2002 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
27 Oct 2002 |
Samoa |
9 Jan 2003 |
Thailand |
5 Mar 2003 |
Palau |
14 Mar 2003 |
Guatemala |
29 Mar 2003 |
Andorra |
6 Jun 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
28 Jun 2003 |
Tonga |
9 Oct 2003 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
24 Oct 2003 |
Afghanistan |
29 Oct 2003 |
Kyrgyzstan |
9 Nov 2003 |
Cape Verde5 |
31 Dec 2003 |
Belize |
5 Feb 2005 |
Libya |
18 Feb 2004 |
Tuvalu |
14 Mar 2004 |
Chad |
30 Apr 2004 |
Rwanda |
18 Jun 2004 |
Marshall Islands |
20 Jun 2004 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
23 Oct 2004 |
Solomon Islands |
30 Oct 2004 |
Sierra Leone |
19 Nov 2004 |
Madagascar |
21 May 2005 |
Niue |
3 Jul 2005 |
Grenada |
18 Aug 2005 |
Cambodia |
17 Sep 2005 |
Bhutan |
28 Sep 2005 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras |
16 Oct 2005 |
Vanuatu |
11 Nov 2005 |
Congo (Kinshasa) |
24 Feb 2006 |
Djibouti |
24 Mar 2006 |
Haiti |
25 Mar 2006 |
Liberia |
17 Sep 2006 |
Comoros |
20 Oct 2006 |
Central African Republic |
23 Oct 2006 |
Montenegro |
6 Apr 2007
|
Barbados
|
3 Jan 2008
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
19 Jun 2008
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
20 Dec 2008
|
Lebanon
|
12 Feb 2009
|
Iraq
|
26 Apr 2009
|
Dominican Republic
|
21 May 2009
|
The Bahamas
|
28 Jun 2013
|
Somalia
|
14 Sep 2013
|
Syria6
|
7 Aug 2015
|
Myanmar
|
16 Oct 2015
|
Angola
|
16 Jun 2018
|
Palestine
|
1from 2018 Eswatini.
2from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
3as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 4from 4
Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun
2006 succeeded by Serbia. 5from
2013 Cabo Verde. 6Syria
membership suspended from 21 Apr 2021. |
Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
-
- c.1991 - 31 Dec 1994
|
-
- Adopted 1 Jan 1995
|
25 Jun
1973
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
1 Aug
1975
"Helsinki
Final Act" signed.
21 Nov
1990
"Charter
of Paris for a New Europe" signed.
1 Jan
1995
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
(OSCE)
Secretaries-general
15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996 Wilhelm Höynck
(Germany)
(b. 1933)
15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999 Giancarlo
Aragona
(Italy)
(b. 1942)
15 Jun 1999 - 21 Jun 2005 Ján Kubiš
(Slovakia)
(b. 1952)
21 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2011 Marc
Perrin de
Brichambaut
(b. 1948)
(France)
1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2017 Lamberto
Zannier (Italy) (b.
1954)
30 Jun 2017 - 18 Jul 2017 Vacant
18 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Thomas Greminger
(Switzerland) (b. 1961)
19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Tuula Yrjölä
(f)(Finland)(acting) (b. 1962)
4 Dec 2020 - 6 Dec 2024 Helga
Maria Schmid (f)(Germany) (b. 1960)
6 Dec 2024
-
Feridun Hadi Sinirlioğlu (Türkiye) (b.
1956)
Chairmen-in-office
19 Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Hans-Dietrich
Genscher (Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1992 - 2
Jul 1992 Jiří Dienstbier
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1937 - d. 2011)
2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec
1992 Jozef Moravčík
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec
1993 Märta Margaretha af Ugglas (f)
(b. 1939)
(Sweden)
1 Jan 1994 - 11 May
1994 Beniamino "Nino" Andreatta (Italy) (b. 1928 -
d. 2007)
11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Antonio Martino
(Italy)
(b. 1942 - d. 2022)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec
1995 László Kovács
(Hungary)
(b. 1939)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec
1996 Flavio Cotti
(Switzerland)
(b. 1939 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec
1997 Niels Helveg Petersen
(Denmark) (b. 1939 - d. 2017)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec
1998 Bronisław Geremek
(Poland)
(b. 1932 - d. 2008)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec
1999 Knut Vollebaek
(Norway)
(b. 1946)
1 Jan 2000 - 4
Feb 2000 Wolfgang Schüssel
(Austria) (b.
1945)
4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec
2000 Benita Ferrero-Waldner
(f) (b.
1948)
(Austria)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec
2001 Mircea Geoană
(Romania)
(b. 1958)
1 Jan 2002 - 6
Apr 2002 Jaime José de Matos da
Gama (b. 1947)
(Portugal)
6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002
António Manuel de Mendonça Martins (b. 1946)
da Cruz (Portugal)
1
Jan 2003 - 3 Dec 2003 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert
de Hoop (b. 1948)
Scheffer (The Netherlands)
3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec
2003 Bernard Rudolf "Ben"
Bot
(b. 1937)
(The Netherlands)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004
Solomon Passy
(Bulgaria)
(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Dimitrij Rupel
(Slovenia)
(b. 1946)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Karel De Gucht
(Belgium)
(b. 1954)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec
2007 Miguel Ángel Moratinos
Cuyaubé (b. 1951)
(Spain)
1 Jan 2008 - 4 Apr 2008
Ilkka Kanerva (Finland)
(b. 1948 - d. 2022)
5 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Alexander Stubb
(Finland)
(b. 1968)
1 Jan 2009 - 5 Oct 2009
Theodóra "Ntóra" Bakogiánnis (f) (b. 1954)
(Greece)
6 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Geórgios Papandréou
(Greece) (b. 1952)
1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Qanat
Bekmyrzauly Saüdabaev (b.
1946)
(Kanat Bekmurzayevich Saudabayev)
(Kazakhstan)
1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Audronius
Ažubalis (Lithuania) (b. 1958)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Eamon
Gilmore (Ireland)
(b. 1955)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Leonid
Kozhara
(Ukraine)
(b. 1963)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Didier Burkhalter
(Switzerland) (b. 1960)
1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Ivica Dačić
(Serbia)
(b. 1966)
1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Frank-Walter
Steinmeier (Germany) (b. 1956)
1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017 Sebastian Kurz
(Austria)
(b. 1986)
18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Karin Kneissl (f)
(Austria) (b.
1965)
1 Jan 2018 - 1 Jun 2018 Angelino
Alfano
(Italy)
(b. 1970)
1 Jun 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Enzo Moavero
Milanesi (Italy) (b. 1954)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Miroslav Lajčák
(Slovakia)
(b. 1963)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020
Edi Kristaq Rama
(Albania)
(b. 1964)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021
Ann Christin Linde (f) (Sweden) (b. 1961)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Zbigniew Rau
(Poland)
(b. 1953)
1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Bujar M. Osmani
(North Macedonia) (b. 1979)
1 Jan 2024 - 31 Dec 2024 Ian Borg
(Malta)
(b. 1986)
1 Jan 2025
-
Elina Maria Valtonen (f)(Finland) (b. 1981)
High Commissioners on National
Minorities
1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun
2001 Max van der Stoel (The Netherlands)(b. 1924 -
d. 2011)
1 Jul 2001 - 3
Jul 2007 Carl Rolf Ekéus
(Sweden)
(b. 1935)
4 Jul 2007 - 19 Aug 2013
Knut Vollebaek (Norway)
(s.a.)
20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016 Astrid Thors (f)
(Finland) (b. 1957)
19 Aug 2016 - 19 Jul 2017 Henrik Villadsen
(Denmark)(acting) (b. 1963)
19 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Lamberto Zannier
(Italy)
(s.a.)
19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Christophe Kamp
(The Netherlands) (b. 1969)
(acting)
4 Dec 2020 - 6 Dec 2024 Kairat
Kudaybergenovich
(b. 1964)
Abdrakhmanov
(Qayrat Qudaybergenulı Äbdirakhmanov)
(Kazakhstan)
6 Dec 2024 -
Christophe Kamp (The
Netherlands) (b. 1969)
Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
1992 - 1994
Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland)
(b. 1939 - d. 2022)
1994 - 1996
Frank Swaelen (Belgium)
(b. 1930 - d. 2007)
1996 - 1998
Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio
(b. 1941)
(Spain)
1998 - 2000
Helle Degn (f)(Denmark)
(b. 1946)
2000 - 2002
Adrian Severin (Romania)
(b. 1954)
2002 - 2004
Bruce Thomas George (U.K.)
(b. 1942 - d. 2020)
2004 - 2006
Alcee Lamar Hastings (U.S.)
(b. 1936 - d. 2021)
Jul 2006 - Jul 2008
Rolf Göran Lennmarker (Sweden) (b.
1943)
Jul 2008 - 10 Jul 2010 João
Barroso Soares (Portugal) (b. 1949)
10 Jul 2010 - 9 Jul 2012 Pétros Efthymíou
(Greece) (b. 1950)
9 Jul 2012 - 3 Jul 2013 Riccardo
Migliori (Italy) (b.
1952)
3 Jul 2013 - 2 Jul 2014 Ranko
Krivokapić (Montenegro) (b. 1961)
2 Jul 2014 - 5 Jul 2016 Ilkka
Kanerva (Finland)
(s.a.)
5 Jul 2016 - 9 Nov 2017 Christine
Muttonen (f)(Austria) (b. 1954)
9 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2020 Giorgi
Tsereteli
(Georgia)
(b. 1964)
(acting to 8 Jul 2018)
11 Dec 2020 - 6 Jul 2021 Peter Spencer
Bowness, Baron (b.
1943)
Bowness (U.K.) (acting)
6 Jul 2021 - 4 Jul 2023 Margareta
Cederfelt (f)(Sweden) (b. 1959)
4 Jul 2023
-
Pia Liisa Kauma (f)(Finland)
(b. 1966)
Presidents of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and
Arbitration
29 May 1995 - 19 Sep 2013 Robert Badinter
(France) (b.
1928 - d. 2024)
19 Sep 2013 - 14 Oct 2019 Christian Tomuschat
(Germany) (b. 1936)
14 Oct 2019 -
Emmanuel Decaux
(France)
(b. 1947)
OSEC membership (57)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
25 Jun 1973 |
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia1, Denmark,
Finland, France, East Germany2,
West Germay2,
Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco,
The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, San Marino, Soviet Union3,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey4, United
Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia5 |
19 Jun 1991 |
Albania |
10 Sep 1991 |
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania |
30 Jan 1992 |
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan |
24 Mar 1992 |
Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia |
30 Apr 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
12 Oct 1995 |
Macedonia6 |
25 Apr 1996 |
Andorra |
10 Nov 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro5 |
22 Jun 2006 |
Montenegro |
21 Nov 2012
|
Mongolia
|
1Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; membership
succeeded by Czech Republic and
Slovakia. on 1
Jan 1993. 2East and
West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 3Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; membership
succeeded by Russia. 4from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
5Yugoslavia
suspended 8 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia. 6as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. |
Pacific Community
-
- 1970 - 1971
|
-
- 1971 - 1975
|
1975 - 1978
|
-
- 1978 - 1980
|
-
- 1980 - 1983
|
-
- 1983 - 6 Dec 1999
|
-
- 6 Dec 1999 - 1 Jan 2005
|
-
- Adopted 1 Jan 2005
|
6 Feb
1947
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
6 Feb
1997
Pacific Community
Secretaries-general
1 Nov 1948 - 3 Jun 1951
William Forsyth
(Australia)
(b. 1909 - d. 1993)
(1st time)
12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954 Sir Leslie
Brian Freeston (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958 Ralph
Clairon Bedell
(U.S.) (b.
1904 - d. 1991)
1 Mar 1958 - 2 Mar 1963
Thomas R. Smith (New
Zealand) (b. 1904 - d.
1979)
24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966 William Forsyth
(Australia)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969 Sir Gawain
Westray Bell (U.K.) (b. 1909 -
d. 1995)
1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971 Afioga
Afoafouvale
Misimoa
(b. 1900 - d. 1971)
(Western Samoa)
18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971 John Edward de
Young (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1917)
1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975 Gustav
F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 E. Macu
Salato
(Fiji)
(b. 1915 - d. 1990)
1 Jul 1979 - 3 Jun 1982 Young
Vivian
(Niue)
(b. 1935)
1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986 Francis
Bugotu (Solomon Islands) (b. 1937 - d. 1992)
9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988 Palauni M.
Tuiasosopo
(b. 1937 - d. 2020)
(American Samoa)
1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989 Jon
Jonassen (Cook
Islands) (b.
1949 - d. 2023)
(acting)
16 Jun 1989 - 5 Jan 1993 Atanraoi
Baiteke (Kiribati) (b.
1942)
6 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1996 Ati
George Sokomanu (Vanuatu)
(b. 1937)
8 Jan 1996 - 6 Feb 1997
Robert B. Dun
(Australia)
(b. 1930)
Directors-general
6 Feb 1997 - 5 Jan 2000
Robert B. Dun
(Australia)
(s.a.)
6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006 Lourdes
Pangelinan (f) (Guam) (b.
1954)
23 Jan 2006 - 23 Jan 2014 Jimmie Rodgers
(Solomon Islands)
23 Jan 2014 - 23 Jan 2020 Colin
Tukuitonga (Niue)
(b. 1956)
23 Jan 2020
-
Stuart Minchin (Australia)
(b. 1970?)
Pacific Community membership (27)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
6 Feb 1947 |
Australia, France, The
Netherlands1,
New Zealand, United Kingdom2, United
States |
17 Jul 1965 |
Western Samoa3 |
24 Jul 1969 |
Nauru |
5 May 1971 |
Fiji |
16 Sep 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
17 Nov 1978 |
Tuvalu |
21 Nov 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
13 Oct 1980 |
Niue |
14 Oct 1980 |
Cook Islands |
3 Oct 1983 |
American Samoa, French
Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn
Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and
Futuna |
1The
Netherlands withdrew 31 Dec 1962. 2U.K.
withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined 1 Jan 1998;
withdrew again 1 Jan 2005, rejoined 2 Dec 2021.
3from
1997 Samoa. |
Pacific Islands Forum
-
- Current Flag
|
-
- Flag Variant
|
5 Aug
1971
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
1 Jan
1972
South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC).
14 Jul 1980
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreement (SPARTECA) signed (in force 1 Jan 1981).
1988
South Pacific Forum Secretariat established.
27 Oct
2000
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).
Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic
Cooperation
Nov 1972 - Feb
1980 Mahe
Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
Feb 1980 - 12 Mar 1982
Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea) (b.
1941 - d. 1982)
Mar 1982 - Jan
1983 Jon
Sheppard (Australia)(acting) (b. 1945)
Jan 1983 - Feb 1986
Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1986 - Sep 1988
Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)
(b. 1928 - d. 2004)
Secretaries-general
Sep 1988 - 1 Jan
1992 Henry Faati Naisali
(Tuvalu) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1992 - Jan
1998 Ieremia Tienang Tabai
(Kiribati) (b. 1949)
Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004
W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea) (b.
1942)
16 May 2004 - 2 May 2008 Greg Urwin
(Australia)
(b. 1946 - d. 2008)
2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008 Feleti
Penitala Teo (Tuvalu)
(b. 1962)
(acting)
13 Oct 2008 - 4 Dec 2014 Tuiloma
Neroni Slade (Samoa)
(b. 1941)
4 Dec 2014 - 24 May 2021 Dame Meg
Taylor (f)
(b. 1951)
(Papua
New Guinea)
24 May 2021 - 3 Jun
2024 Henry Tuakeu Puna (Cook Islands)
(b. 1949)
3 Jun 2024
-
Baron Waqa
(Nauru)
(b. 1959)
Pacific Islands Forum membership (18)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
5 Aug 1971 |
Australia, Cook Islands,
Fiji¹,
Nauru2,
New Zealand, Tonga, Western Samoa3 |
20 Mar 1974 |
Papua New Guinea |
1 Jul 1975 |
Niue |
29 Aug 1979 |
Kiribati4 |
16 Sep 1980 |
Solomon Islands, Tuvalu |
14 Jul 1980 |
Vanuatu |
29 May 1987 |
Marshall Islands5, Federated
States of Micronesia6 |
3 Sep 1995 |
Palau7 |
10 Sep 2016
|
French Polynesia8, New
Caledonia8
|
¹Fiji
suspended 2 May 2009 - 22 Oct 2014. 2Nauru
announced
withdrawal
8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 7 Apr 2021, to be effective 7
Apr 2022), cancelled withdrawal
11
Feb 2022. 3from 1997
Samoa. 4Kiribati
announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 23 Jul 2021),
effective 9 Jul 2022; rejoined 24 Feb 2023. 5Marshall
Islands announced
withdrawal 8
Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 9 Mar 2021), effective 9 Mar
2022, cancelled withdrawal 29 Sep 2022;
rejoins 29 Sep 2022. 6Federated
States of Micronesia announced withdrawal 8
Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted
17 Feb 2021, to be effective 14
Feb 2022), cancelled
withdrawal 11 Feb 2022. 7Palau
announced withdrawal on 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 16 Mar 2021, to be
effective 16 Mar 2022), cancelled withdrawal
11 Feb 2022. 8French
Polynesia and New Caledonia
were associate members 26 Oct 2006 - 10 Sep
2016.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of PIF (4)
|
6 Aug 2014
|
Tokelau
|
6 Sep 2018
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
30 Aug 2024
|
American Samoa, Guam
|
Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean
PAM website
|
Headquarters: Naples (Italy)(St. Julian's, Malta
Nov 2007-Feb 2020)
|
PAM Day: 21
March
Mediterranean Day
|
11 Sep 2006
Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean formed.
1 Jul 2007
Secretariat
established.
Secretary-general
1 Jul 2007 -
Sergio
Piazzi (Italy)
(b. 1957?)
(acting to Jan 2008)
Presidents of the Assembly
11 Sep 2006 - 15 Nov 2008 Abdelwahed Radi
(Morroco)(1st time)(b. 1935 - d. 2023)
15 Nov 2008 - 1 Jan 2011 Rudy Salles
(France)
(b. 1954)
1 Jan 2011 - 4 Mar 2011 Mohamed
Abou El Enein (Egypt) (b. 1951)
4 Mar 2011 - 29 Oct
2011 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(2nd time)(s.a.)
29 Oct 2011 - 13 Oct 2012 Fayez
al-Tarawneh (Jordan)
(b. 1949)
13 Oct 2012 - 2 Feb
2015 Francesco Amoruso (Italy)
(b. 1956)
2 Feb 2015 - 18 Dec 2015 Mohamed Cheikh
Biadillah (Morocco) (b. 1949)
18 Dec 2015 - 23 Feb 2017 Lhou Lmarbouh
(Morocco)
(b. 1954)
23 Feb 2017 - 23 Feb 2019 António Pedro Roque da
Visitação (b. 1963)
Oliveira (Portugal) (1st time)
23 Feb 2019 - 21 Feb 2020 Alia Hatoug-Bouran (f)
(Jordan)
21 Feb 2020 - 7 Jun 2021 Karim Abdel Karim
Darwish (Egypt) (b. 1965)
7 Jun 2021 - 13 Oct 2022 Gennaro Migliore
(Italy) (b. 1968)
13 Oct 2022 - 2 Mar 2023 António Pedro Roque
da Visitação (s.a.)
Oliveira (Portugal) (2nd time)
(ad-interim)
2 Mar 2023
-
Enaam Mayara (Morocco)
(b. 1968)
PAM membership (31)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Parliaments
|
11 Sep 2006
|
Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and
Hercegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France,
Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon,
Libya, Macedonia1, Malta,
Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Palestine, Portugal,
Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey2
|
28 Oct 2010
|
Andorra
|
12 Oct 2012
|
Mauritania
|
23 Feb 2017
|
Romania3 |
15 Feb 2018 |
San Marino
|
9 Mar 2022
|
Qatar4,
United Arab Emirates5
|
1as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
2from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 3Romania
an associate member 25 Sep 2008 - 23 Feb 2017.
4Qatar
an associate member 23 Jan 2019 - 9 Mar 2022. 5U.A.E.
an associate member 24 Jun 2019 - 9 Mar 2022.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members
|
2 Feb 2015
|
Sovereign Military Order of
Malta
|
2022?
|
Holy See
|
20 Feb 2025
|
Saudi Arabia
|
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
29 Jul 1899
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)(Cour
Permanente d'Arbitrage)
founded by the "Convention for the Pacific Settlement of
International Disputes" (Hague Convention)(effective
4 Sep 1900).
18 Oct 1907
Convention revised by (second) Hague
Peace Conference
(effective
26 Jan 1910).
Secretaries-general (all from The Netherlands,
except as noted)
4 Sep 1900 - 1 Aug 1901 Baron Robert
Melvil van Lynden (b. 1843 - d. 1910)
1901 - 1905
Leonard Henri Ruyssenaers
(b. 1850 - d. 1913)
1 Oct 1905 - 4 Feb 1929 Baron
Louis Paul Marie Hubert (b.
1855 - d. 1929)
Michiels
van Verduynen
1929 - 17 Nov 1946 Claude
Crommelin
(b. 1873 - d. 1946)
1 Jan 1948 - 26 Mar 1951 Jonkheer Aarnout
Marinus Snouck (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
Hurgronje
1 Jun 1951 - 4 Feb 1953 Alexander
Loudon
(b. 1892 - d. 1953)
1954 - 1968
Mark Johan François
(b. 1889
- d. 1978)
1968 - 1980
Baron Eric Oswald van Boetzelaer
(b. 1903 - d. 1991)
1981 - 1990
Jacob Varekamp
(b. 1916 - d.
2003)
1990 - 1999
Pieter Jan Hans Jonkman
(b. 1925 - d. 2012)
25 May 1999 - 1 Sep 2008 Tjaco Theo van den
Hout (b. 1949)
1 Sep 2008 - 31 Dec 2011 Christiaan Mark Johan
Kröner (b. 1945)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 May 2012 Brooks W. Daly (U.S.)
(acting) (b. 1968)
1 Jun 2012 - 31 May 2022 Hugo Hans
Siblesz
(b. 1948)
1 Jun 2022 -
Marcin Piotr Czepelak (Poland)
(b. 1978)
PCA membership (124)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations (a signatory to Hague
Conventions of 1899 or 1907)
|
4 Sep 1900
|
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, France, Germany1, Hungary,
Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Persia2, Portugal,
Romania, Russia3,
Siam4,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States
|
6 Oct 1900
|
Japan
|
16 Oct 1900 |
Montenegro5 |
29 Dec 1900
|
Switzerland
|
4 Apr 1901
|
Greece
|
17 Apr 1901
|
Mexico
|
11 May 1901
|
Serbia6
|
12 Jul 1901
|
Luxembourg
|
17 Mar 1903
|
Korea7 |
21 Nov 1904
|
China8
|
12 Jun 1907
|
Turkey9
|
15 Jun 1907
|
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Venezuela
|
17 Jun 1907
|
Uruguay
|
20 Jun 1907
|
El Salvador
|
3 Jul 1907
|
Ecuador
|
26 May 1922
|
Poland
|
9 Jun 1922
|
Finland
|
11 Apr 1929
|
Czechoslovakia10
|
29 Jul 1950
|
India
|
5 Aug 1950
|
Pakistan
|
9 Feb 1955
|
Ceylon11
|
7 Mar 1955
|
Soviet Union3
|
18 Jul 1955
|
Laos
|
8 Dec 1955
|
Iceland
|
4 Jan 1956
|
Cambodia
|
10 Feb 1959
|
New Zealand
|
1 Apr 1960
|
Australia
|
19 Aug 1960
|
Canada
|
25 Mar 1961
|
Congo (Kinshasa)12
|
1 Aug 1960
|
Cameroon
|
30 Aug 1961
|
Upper Volta13
|
1 Dec 1961
|
Honduras
|
4 Apr 1962
|
Ukrainian S.S.R.14
|
4 Jun 1962
|
Byelorussian S.S.R.15
|
17 Jun 1962
|
Israel
|
30 Apr 1966
|
Uganda
|
2 Dec 1966
|
The Sudan
|
14 Feb 1968
|
Lebanon
|
7 Sep 1968
|
Malta
|
4 Nov 1968
|
Egypt
|
3 Aug 1970
|
Mauritius
|
31 Aug 1970
|
Iraq
|
25 Dec 1970
|
Swaziland16 |
2 Apr 1973
|
Fiji
|
1 Aug 1977
|
Senegal
|
19 Sep 1984
|
Zimbabwe
|
16 Feb 1987
|
Nigeria
|
8 Oct 1991
|
Croatia
|
27 Jan 1992
|
Jordan
|
4 Jun 1992
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
27 Dec 1992
|
Suriname
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
11 Sep 1993
|
Singapore
|
12 Nov 1993
|
Cyprus
|
23 Sep 1994
|
Liechtenstein
|
2 Sep 1996
|
Libya
|
1 Oct 1996
|
Slovenia
|
4 Oct 1997
|
Eritrea
|
25 Jan 1998
|
Guyana
|
21 Dec 1998
|
South Africa
|
20 Jul 1999
|
Costa Rica
|
31 Dec 1999
|
Zambia
|
21 Feb 2000
|
South Korea
|
17 Feb 2001
|
Macedonia17 |
4 Jun 2001
|
Morocco
|
12 Aug 2001
|
Latvia
|
4 Sep 2001
|
Yugoslavia
|
20 Jan 2002
|
Saudi Arabia
|
6 May 2002
|
Malaysia
|
6 Jul 2002
|
Ireland
|
21 Jan 2003
|
Belize
|
1 Sep 2003
|
Estonia
|
14 Sep 2003
|
Kuwait
|
28 Sep 2003
|
Ethiopia
|
17 Dec 2004
|
Togo
|
9 Jan 2005
|
Lithuania
|
16 Sep 2005
|
Benin
|
2 Dec 2005
|
Qatar
|
5 Jun 2006
|
Serbia6
|
11 Jun 2006
|
Kenya
|
10 Apr 2007
|
Montenegro5 |
29 Aug 2008
|
Bahrain
|
5 Jan 2009
|
United Arab Emirates
|
7 Oct 2009
|
Madagascar
|
17 Jul 2010
|
The Philippines
|
19 Apr 2011
|
Rwanda
|
27 Dec 2011
|
Albania
|
29 Dec 2011
|
Vietnam
|
26 Feb 2012
|
Bangladesh
|
20 Oct 2014
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
22 Mar 2015
|
Georgia
|
29 Dec 2015
|
Palestine
|
5 Jan 2016
|
Kosovo
|
17 Apr 2016
|
Djibouti
|
13 Jun 2016
|
The Bahamas
|
14 May 2019 |
Mongolia
|
11 Aug 2024
|
Vanuatu
|
20 Sep 2024
|
Timor-Leste
|
1from 7 Sep
1949 Federal Republic of Germany. 2from 1935
Iran. 3from
30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, which acceded to Hague
Conventions 7 Mar 1955; dissolved 25 Dec 1991,
membership succeeded by Russia. 4from 1939
Thailand. 5Montenegro acceded
to the Geneva Convention 16 Oct 1900;
part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec 1918; renamed
Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003, which
dissolved 3 Jun 2006; Montenegro
re-acceded to the Conventions on 10 Apr 2007.
6Serbia
from 1 Dec 1918 part of Serb, Croat and Slovene
State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; from 4 Sep 2001
as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; from 4 Feb 2003
called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia. 7Korea annexed
by Japan 29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945.
8China
represented by Republic of
China 1 Jan 1912 - 6 Apr 1972, when the PCA
recognized the People's Republic of China
as the representative of China. 9as
Ottoman Empire to 1920; from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
10Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1
Jan 1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia. 11from 1972
Sri Lanka. 12to
1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 13from 1984
Burkina Faso. 14from
1991 Ukraine. 15from
1991 Belarus. 16from
2018 Eswatini. 17as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
|
Permanent Court of
International Justice (PCIJ): see International
Court of Justice (ICJ)
Preferential Trade Area for
Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): see COMESA
Red
Cross and Red Crescent
International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919
|
IFRCS Flag Adopted 1991
|
IFRCS website
|
Headquarters:
Geneva
(Switzerland)(Paris, France
1922-5 Sep 1939) |
IFRCS Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
5 May
1919
League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded.
27 Jul 1929
Red Crescent adopted as an
additional emblem.
11 Oct
1983
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS).
27 Nov
1991
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRCS).
Chairmen
1919 -
1922
Henry P. Davison
(U.S.)
(b. 1867 - d. 1922)
1922 -
1935
John Barton Payne
(U.S.)
(b. 1855 - d. 1935)
1935 -
1938
Cary T. Grayson
(U.S.)
(b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1938 -
1944
Norman Davis
(U.S.)
(b. 1878 - d. 1944)
1944 -
1945
Jean de Muralt (Switzerland) (b.
1877 - d. 1947)
(Johannes von Muralt)(acting)
1945 -
1950
Basil O'Connor
(U.S.)
(b. 1892 - d. 1972)
1950 -
1959
Emil Sandström
(Sweden)
(b. 1886 - d. 1962)
1959 -
1965
John MacAulay
(Canada)
(b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1965 -
1977
José Barroso Chávez (Mexico)
(b. 1925 - d. 2008)
Presidents
1977 -
1981
Adetunji Adefarasin
(Nigeria) (b. 1921 - d.
1989)
1981 -
1987
Enrique de la Mata
(Spain)
(b. 1933 - d. 1987)
1987 -
1997
Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander (b.
1947)
(Venezuela)
Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001
Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg
(f)(Norway)(b. 1936 - d. 2020)
10 Nov 2001 - 21 Nov 2009 Juan Manuel
Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952)
(Spain)
21 Nov 2009 - 8 Nov 2017 Tadateru Konoe
(Japan) (b.
1939)
8 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2023 Francesco Rocca
(Italy) (b.
1965)
11 Dec 2023
-
Kate Forbes (f)
(U.S.)
(b. 1951?)
Secretaries-general
Jul 1919 - 1920
William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d.
1958)
1921 - 1926
René Sand (Belgium)
(b. 1877 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1930
Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.)
(b. 1891 - d. 1957)
1931
Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.)
(b. 1862 - d. 1935)
1931 - Jan 1932
Gordon Lookwood Berry (U.S.)
(b. 1884 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1936
Ernest J. Swift (U.S.)
(b. 1883 - d.
1941)
1936 - 1957
Bonabès de Rougé (France)
(b. 1891 - d. 1975)
1958 - 1960
Henry Weyman Dunning (U.S.)
(b. 1895 - d. 1977)
1960 - 1981
Henrik Beer (Sweden)
(b. 1915 - d. 1987)
1982 - 1987
Hans Hoegh (Norway)
(b. 1926 - d. 2010)
1988 - 1992
Pär Olav Mikael Stenbäck (Finland) (b.
1941)
1993 - 1999
George B. Weber (Canada)
(b. 1946)
2000 - 2003
Didier J. Cherpitel (France)
(b. 1944)
2003 - 2008
Markku Niskala (Finland)
(b. 1945 - d. 2018)
1 Jul 2008 - 2014
Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia)
(b. 1944)
1 Aug 2014 - 2020
Elhadj As Sy
(Senegal)
(b. 1954)
1 Feb 2020 -
Jagan Chapagain
(Nepal)
(b. 1968?)
IFRCS membership (191)
Date of
Admission
|
Member National Societies
|
5 May 1919
|
France, Italy, Japan, United
Kingdom, United States
|
27 May 1919
|
Belgium, Norway1
|
28 May 1919
|
Portugal
|
17 Jun 1919
|
Brazil
|
19 Jun 1919
|
Australia, Peru2
|
20 Jun 1919
|
Canada
|
23 Jun 1919
|
Argentina
|
24 Jun 1919
|
South Africa
|
26 Jun 1919
|
Greece, Sweden3
|
11 Jul 1919
|
New Zealand
|
12 Jul 1919
|
Denmark4
|
14 Jul 1919
|
Romania
|
15 Jul 1919
|
Venezuela
|
17 Jul 1919
|
Cuba
|
27 Jul 1919
|
China5
|
7 Aug 1919
|
India
|
15 Aug 1919
|
The Netherlands
|
22 Aug 1919
|
Serbia6,
Spain
|
16 Sep 1919
|
Poland
|
2 Nov 1919
|
Switzerland
|
11 Jan 1920
|
Czechoslovakia7
|
17 Jan 1920
|
Uruguay
|
1 Feb 1920
|
Chile
|
8 Apr 1921
|
Siam8
|
20 Apr 1921
|
Austria
|
8 Jun 1921
|
Finland9
|
14 Jun 1921
|
Hungary
|
20 Jul 1921
|
Bulgaria
|
29 Oct 1921
|
Luxembourg
|
23 Mar 1922
|
Paraguay
|
29 Mar 1922
|
Colombia
|
5 Apr 1922
|
Costa Rica
|
15 Jul 1922
|
Germany10
|
25 May 1923
|
Bolivia, Danzig11,
Ecuador
|
2 Aug 1923
|
Albania
|
15 Aug 1923
|
Guatemala
|
5 Oct 1923
|
Mexico
|
7 Jan 1924
|
Netherlands East Indies12
|
13 Feb 1925
|
Panama
|
30 May 1925
|
Iceland
|
24 Jun 1925
|
El Salvador
|
21 Jan 1929
|
Persia13
|
23 Jun 1929
|
Egypt
|
7 Apr 1930
|
Turkey14
|
19 Jan 1931
|
Dominican Republic
|
23 Jun 1934
|
Iraq
|
17 Oct 1934
|
Nicaragua15
|
19 Oct 1934
|
Soviet Union16
|
3 May 1937
|
Haiti
|
24 Nov 1945
|
Ireland
|
27 Nov 1945
|
Honduras
|
5 Dec 1945
|
Liechtenstein
|
23 May 1946
|
Burma17
|
18 Aug 1948
|
Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan, The
Philippines, Syria18
|
16 Oct 1950
|
Ethiopia, Indonesia, Jordan
|
25 Jul 1952
|
Ceylon19,
San Marino, West Germany20
|
26 Oct 1957
|
Afghanistan, East
Germany20, Laos,
North Korea, South Korea, South Vietnam21,
Tunisia
|
4 Nov 1957
|
North Vietnam21,
The Sudan
|
26 Sep 1959
|
Ghana, Liberia, Libya,
Mongolia, Morocco
|
2 Oct 1961
|
Cambodia, Nigeria,
Togo
|
28 Aug 1963
|
Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon,
Congo (Kinshasa)22,
Dahomey23, Ivory
Coast24, Madagascar25,
Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Tanganyika26,
Trinidad and Tobago, Upper Volta27
|
28 Sep 1965
|
Jamaica, Nepal,
Niger, Uganda
|
5 Sep 1967
|
Kenya, Zambia
|
1 Sep 1969
|
Guyana, Kuwait, Mali, Somalia
|
12 Oct 1971
|
Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi
|
2 Nov 1973
|
Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Fiji, Mauritania, Singapore
|
29 Oct 1975
|
Central African Republic, The
Gambia
|
7 Oct 1977
|
The Bahamas, Congo
(Brazzaville), Mauritius, Papua New
Guinea
|
4 Oct 1979
|
Swaziland28
|
2 Nov 1981
|
Qatar, Tonga
|
8 Oct 1983
|
Rwanda, Yemen (Sana)29,
Zimbabwe
|
20 Oct 1985
|
Barbados, Belize,
Cape Verde30,
São Tomé and Príncipe, Western Samoa31
Yemen (Aden)29
|
18 Oct 1986
|
Angola, Djibouti, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Saint Lucia, Suriname, United Arab
Emirates
|
23 Nov 1987
|
Grenada
|
21 Oct 1989
|
Chad, Dominica, Mozambique,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
25 Nov 1991
|
Latvia32, Lithuania33, Solomon
Islands
|
25 Oct 1993
|
Antigua and Barbuda,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia34, Malta,
Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Vanuatu
|
27 Nov 1995
|
Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus35,
Equatorial Guinea, Macedonia36,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
|
20 Nov 1997
|
Brunei Darussalam, Georgia,
Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, Tajikistan
|
23 Oct 1999
|
Gabon
|
7 Nov 2001
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina,
Moldova
|
28 Nov 2003
|
Cook Islands, Kazakhstan,
Federated States of Micronesia
|
11 Nov 2005
|
Comoros, Timor-Leste
|
22 Jun 2006
|
Israel, Palestinian Territory
|
20 Nov 2007
|
Montenegro37
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Maldives
|
12 Nov 2013
|
Cyprus, South Sudan
|
4 Dec 2015
|
Tuvalu
|
5 Dec 2019
|
Bhutan, Marshall
Islands38
|
1Norway
withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1 Jan 1930. 2Peruvian
Red Cross IFRC membership suspended by IFRCS from
12 Aug 2022. 3Sweden
withdrew 7 May 1927, rejoined 1930. 4Denmark
withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1930. 5from
Oct 1950 the national Red Cross Society of
People's Republic of China was a participant of
the Federation's Board of Governors meetings and
therefore accepted by the Federation as the
Chinese Red Cross (the Chinese Red Cross was
partly disbanded 1966-1978); in 1952 at
28th International Conference of the Red Cross,
the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited
the People's Republic of China to attend as a
delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China
[Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer. Formosa
(Taiwan) was invited as an observer at 1957 and
1965, Taiwan has not been invited since 13 Sep
1969. 6Serbia
part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec
1918; from 4 Feb 2003 called
Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006,
succeeded by Serbia. 7Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 8from
1941 Thailand. 9Finland
withdrew 1927, rejoined 1930. 10IFRCS
recognition of Germany revoked 1945.
11Danzig Free City annexed to
Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then to Poland.
12Netherlands East
Indies independent from 1949 as Indonesia, which
joined 16 Oct 1950.
13from 1935 Iran. 14from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
15Nicaraguan Red Cross
dissolved by Nicaraguan parliament 9 May 2023. 16Soviet Union
dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia,
succession formally recognized 5 Oct 1992. 17from
1989 Myanmar. 18Syrian
Red Crescent was recognized by IFRCS as part of
United Arab Republic Red Crescent on 29 Sep 1959,
but was readmitted on 28 Sep 1962. 19from 1972
Sri Lanka. 20East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany,
the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991. 21South
Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976
as Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 22Congo (Léopoldville)
to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo
(Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 23from 1975
Benin. 24from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire.
25to 30 Dec 1975
Malagasy Republic. 26from 26 Apr
1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 27from 1984
Burkina Faso. 28from
2018 Eswatini. 29Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen, the
separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990. 30from 2013
Cabo Verde. 31from
1997 Samoa. 32Latvian
Red Cross originally admitted 10 Jan 1923. 33Lithuanian
Red Cross originally admitted 12 Jan 1924. 34Estonian Red
Cross originally admitted 25 Feb 1922. 35Belarus
Red Cross Society suspended by IFRCS from 1 Dec
2023. 36as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019;
from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 37Montenegro
provisional member 26 Oct 2006 - 20 Nov 2007. 38Marshall
Islands provisional member 15 Mar 2018 - 5 Dec
2019. |
International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC)
Red Cross Adopted 22 Aug 1864
|
Red Crescent Adopted 27 Jul 1929
|
![[Flag of the Red
Crystal] [Flag of
the Red Crystal]](int-redx.gif)
Red Crystal Adopted 14 Jan 2007
|
![[International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) flag] [International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) flag]](ICRC_flag.png)
ICRC Flag Adopted c.1975 |
ICRC website
|
Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
|
ICRC Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
9 Feb
1863
International Committee for Relief to the Wounded
founded, as
the
birth of the International Red Cross Movement, by
Jean
Henri Dunant (b. 1828 - d. 1910).
22 Aug
1864
First "Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the
Condition of
the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed (revised
1906, 1929,
and
1949).
20 Dec 1875
Renamed International Committee of
the Red Cross (ICRC).
6 Jul 1906
Second Geneva "Convention for
the Amelioration of the Condition of
the
Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field" signed (revised
27 July
1929) and replaced 12 Aug 1949 as "Convention
for the
Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and
Shipwrecked
Members
of Armed Forces at Sea."
27 Jul
1929
Third Geneva "Convention relative to the Treatment of
Prisoners of
War"
signed (revised 12 Aug 1949).
12 Aug
1949
Fourth Geneva "Convention relative to the Protection of
Civilian
Persons
in Time of War" signed.
Presidents (all from Switzerland)
9 Feb 1863 - 31 Mar 1864 Guillaume
Henri
Dufour
(b. 1787 - d. 1875)
31 Mar 1864 - 21 Aug 1910 Gustave
Moynier
(b. 1826 - d. 1910)
26 Aug 1910 - 31 Mar 1928 Gustave
Ador
(b. 1845 - d. 1928)
1917 - 1920
Édouard
Naville
(b. 1844 - d. 1926)
(acting for Ador)
12 May 1928 - 31 Dec 1944 Max
Huber
(b. 1874 - d. 1960)
1 Jan 1945 - May
1948 Carl Burckhardt
(b. 1891 - d. 1974)
(absent 24 Feb 1945 - Apr 1948)
24 Feb 1945 - Feb 1947 Max
Huber
(s.a.)
(acting for Burckhardt)
Feb 1947 - May 1948
Ernest
Gloor
(b. 1893 - d. 1964)
+ Martin
Bodmer
(b. 1899 -
d. 1971)
(acting for Burckhardt)
12 May 1948 - 31 Aug 1955 Paul
Ruegger
(b. 1897 - d. 1988)
1 Sep 1955 - 30 Sep 1964 Léopold
Boissier
(b. 1893 - d. 1968)
1 Oct 1964 - Jan
1969 Samuel
Gonard
(b. 1896 - d. 1975)
9 Jan 1969 - 31 May 1973 Marcel
Naville
(b. 1919 - d. 2003)
1 Jun 1973 - 30 Jun 1976 Eric
Martin
(b. 1900 - d. 1980)
1 Jul 1976 - 6 May 1987
Alexandre
Hay
(b. 1919 - d. 1991)
7 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1999 Cornelio
Sommaruga
(b. 1932 - d. 2024)
1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2012 Jakob
Kellenberger
(b. 1944)
1 Jul 2012 - 30 Sep 2022 Peter Maurer
(b. 1956)
1 Oct 2022 -
Mirjana Spoljaric Egger (f)
(b. 1972)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
(ICRM)
- Adopted 1982
|
ICRM website
|
Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
|
ICRC Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
9 Feb
1863
International Committee for Relief to the Wounded
founded,
birth of
the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM).
22 Aug 1864
First Geneva Convention signed.
26 Oct 1928
International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement (ICRM)
formally
established with the adoption of "Statutes of the
International Red Cross."
Chairmen of the Standing Commission of the Red
Cross and Red Crescent
1928 - 1934
Pierre Nolf (Belgium)
(b. 1873 - d. 1953)
1934 - 1938
Prince Iesato Tokugawa (Japan)
(b. 1863 - d. 1940)
1938 - 1946
Sir Arthur Stanley (U.K.)
(b. 1869 - d. 1947)
1946 - 1948
Count Folke Bernadotte (Sweden)
(b. 1894 - d. 1948)
1948 - 1965
André François-Poncet (France)
(b. 1887 - d. 1978)
1965 - 1973
Angela Olivia Pery, Countess of
(b. 1897 - d. 1981)
Limerick
(f)(U.K.)
1973 - 1977
Sir Geoffrey Newman-Morris
(b. 1909 - d. 1981)
(Australia)
1977 - 1981
Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh (U.K.)
(b. 1909 - d. 1994)
1981 - 1993
Ahmed Abu-Goura (Jordan)
1993 - 1995
Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-
(b. 1927 - d. 2008)
Hohenstein (Germany)
1995 - 2003
Princess Margriet van Oranje-
(b. 1943)
Nassau (f) (The Netherlands)
5 Dec 2003 - 26 Nov 2009 Mohammed Al-Hadid
(Jordan) (b. 1951)
26 Nov 2009 - 28 Nov 2011 Massimo Barra (Italy)
(b.
1947)
28 Nov 2011 - 8 Dec 2015 Greg Vickery
(Australia) (b. 1946)
8 Dec 2015 - 31 Aug 2017 Eva Margareta von
Oelreich (f) (b. 1944)
(Sweden)
1 Sep 2017 - 11 Dec 2019 George B.
Weber (Canada)
(b. 1946)
11 Dec 2019 -
Mercedes Babé y Romero (f)(Spain) (b.
1950)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
membership (191)
Date of ICRC
Recognition
|
National Societies |
16 Dec 1863
|
Württemberg1
|
2 Jan 1864
|
Oldenburg1
|
4 Feb 1864
|
Belgium
|
6 Feb 1864
|
Prussia1
|
15 Jun 1864
|
Italy
|
24 Jun 1864
|
Mecklenburg-Schwerin1
|
18 Oct 1864
|
Hamburg1
|
19 Dec 1864
|
Hesse-Darmstadt1
|
13 Apr 1865
|
Sweden
|
22 Sep 1865
|
Norway
|
7 Jun 1866
|
Saxony1
|
29 Jun 1866
|
Baden1
|
22 Aug 1866
|
Switzerland
|
15 May 1867
|
Russia
|
5 Jan 1868
|
Bavaria1
|
8 Aug 1868
|
Turkey2
|
21 Sep 1868
|
The Netherlands
|
4 Aug 1870
|
United Kingdom
|
1 Jan 1871 |
Germany1 |
10 Feb 1876
|
Montenegro3
|
27 Apr 1876
|
Denmark
|
14 Jun 1876
|
Serbia3
|
23 Aug 1876
|
Romania
|
6 Oct 1877
|
Greece
|
14 Mar 1880
|
Austria
|
8 May 1880
|
Peru
|
10 Jan 1882
|
Argentina
|
20 Jan 1882
|
Hungary
|
20 Sep 1882
|
United States
|
20 Oct 1885
|
Bulgaria
|
13 Jul 1887
|
Portugal
|
2 Sep 1887
|
Japan
|
14 Jun 1889
|
Congo Free State4
|
6 Jun 1893
|
Spain
|
7 Apr 1896
|
Venezuela
|
15 Jun 1900
|
Uruguay
|
25 Jun 1900
|
Transvaal5
|
23 Oct 1905
|
Korea6
|
1 Mar 1907
|
France
|
30 Apr 1909
|
Chile
|
7 Sep 1909
|
Cuba
|
3 Jan 1912
|
Mexico
|
15 Jan 1912
|
China7
|
16 Mar 1912
|
Brazil
|
14 Oct 1914
|
Luxembourg
|
14 Jul 1919
|
Poland
|
1 Dec 1919 |
Czechoslovakia8
|
24 May 1920
|
Finland
|
27 May 1920
|
Siam9
|
15 Oct 1921
|
Soviet Union10
|
16 Mar 1922
|
Costa Rica
|
22 Mar 1922
|
Paraguay
|
23 Mar 1922
|
Colombia
|
10 Oct 1922
|
Danzig11
|
10 Jan 1923
|
Bolivia
|
10 Apr 1923
|
Ecuador
|
2 Aug 1923
|
Albania
|
15 Aug 1923
|
Guatemala
|
1 Feb 1924
|
Egypt
|
20 Apr 1924
|
Panama
|
30 May 1924
|
Persia12
|
9 Apr 1925
|
Iceland
|
25 Apr 1925
|
El Salvador
|
15 Nov 1927
|
Canada
|
16 Nov 1927
|
Dominican Republic
|
17 Nov 1927
|
Australia
|
10 May 1928
|
South Africa13
|
28 Feb 1929
|
India
|
16 Jun 1932
|
New Zealand
|
16 Jun 1934
|
Iraq
|
15 Sep 1934
|
Nicaragua14 |
19 Sep 1935
|
Haiti
|
26 Sep 1935
|
Ethiopia
|
5 Aug 1938
|
Honduras
|
20 Apr 1939
|
Burma15
|
2 Nov 1939
|
Ireland
|
22 Jun 1945
|
Liechtenstein
|
12 Oct 1946
|
Syria16
|
30 Jan 1947
|
Lebanon
|
5 May 1947
|
The Philippines
|
20 Mar 1948
|
Monaco
|
21 Jul 1948
|
Pakistan
|
9 Dec 1948
|
Jordan17
|
15 Jun 1950
|
Indonesia
|
19 Oct 1950
|
San Marino
|
6 Mar 1952
|
Ceylon18
|
26 Jun 1952
|
West Germany19
|
2 Sep 1954
|
Afghanistan
|
6 Nov 1954
|
East Germany19
|
26 May 1955
|
South Korea
|
2 Feb 1956
|
North Korea
|
23 May 1957
|
Laos, South Vietnam20
|
12 Sep 1957
|
Tunisia
|
1 Nov 1957
|
North Vietnam20, The Sudan
|
7 Aug 1958
|
Morocco
|
9 Sep 1958
|
Libya
|
5 Feb 1959
|
Ghana, Liberia
|
15 Sep 1959
|
Mongolia
|
6 Oct 1960
|
Cambodia
|
4 May 1961
|
Nigeria
|
7 Sep 1961
|
Togo
|
1 Nov 1962
|
Sierra Leone, Upper Volta21
|
4 Jul 1963
|
Algeria, Cameroon, Congo
(Kinshasa)22,
Malaysia
|
8 Aug 1963
|
Ivory Coast23, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Tanganyika24, Trinidad
and Tobago
|
22 Aug 1963
|
Burundi, Dahomey25
|
26 Aug 1963
|
Madagascar26
|
1 Oct 1964
|
Jamaica, Nepal
|
2 Sep 1965
|
Uganda
|
2 Dec 1965
|
Niger
|
3 Nov 1966
|
Kenya
|
8 Dec 1966
|
Zambia
|
14 Sep 1967
|
Mali
|
6 Jun 1968
|
Kuwait
|
8 Aug 1968
|
Guyana
|
3 Jul 1969
|
Somalia
|
5 Feb 1970
|
Botswana
|
23 Jul 1970
|
Malawi
|
7 Sep 1971
|
Lesotho
|
14 Sep 1972
|
Bahrain
|
6 Jun 1973
|
Mauritania
|
20 Sep 1973
|
Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore
|
24 Oct 1973
|
Central African Republic
|
10 Oct 1974
|
The Gambia
|
16 Dec 1976
|
The Bahamas, Congo
(Brazzaville)
|
15 Sep 1977
|
Mauritius, Papua New Guinea
|
4 Apr 1979
|
Swaziland27 |
15 Oct 1981
|
Tonga
|
26 Oct 1981
|
Qatar
|
22 Apr 1982
|
Yemen (Sana)28
|
6 Oct 1982
|
Rwanda
|
7 Sep 1983
|
Zimbabwe
|
15 Mar 1984
|
Belize
|
30 Aug 1984
|
Barbados, Western Samoa29, Yemen
(Aden)28
|
14 Mar 1985
|
Cape Verde30 |
3 Oct 1985
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
27 Aug 1986
|
Guinea-Bissau, United Arab
Emirates
|
1 Oct 1986
|
Angola, Guinea, Saint Lucia,
Suriname
|
15 Oct 1986
|
Djibouti
|
12 Mar 1987
|
Grenada
|
15 Apr 1988
|
Chad
|
29 Sep 1988
|
Mozambique
|
15 Mar 1989
|
Dominica
|
4 Oct 1989
|
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
|
3 Oct 1991
|
Solomon Islands
|
7 Nov 1991
|
Lithuania31
|
20 Nov 1991
|
Latvia32
|
3 Jun 1992
|
Seychelles
|
27 Aug 1992
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
4 Nov 1992
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
3 Jun 1993
|
Seychelles
|
31 Mar 1993
|
Estonia33, Namibia
|
25 Aug 1993
|
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Slovenia
|
29 Sep 1993
|
Ukraine, Vanuatu
|
21 Oct 1993
|
Malta
|
24 Mar 1994
|
Andorra
|
28 Sep 1994
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
24 Aug 1995
|
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
|
1 Nov 1995
|
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Macedonia34
|
6 Nov 1996
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
19 Mar 1997
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
30 Sep 1997
|
Kiribati, Palau
|
6 Nov 1997
|
Georgia, Tajikistan
|
19 Aug 1999
|
Gabon
|
8 May 2001
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
24 Oct 2001
|
Moldova
|
12 Dec 2002
|
Cook Islands
|
20 Nov 2003
|
Kazakhstan, Federated States
of Micronesia
|
22 Sep 2005
|
Comoros
|
9 Nov 2005
|
Timor-Leste
|
22 Jun 2006
|
Israel, Palestinian Territory
|
21 Sep 2006
|
Montenegro35
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Maldives
|
23 Feb 2012
|
Cyprus
|
18 Jun 2013
|
South Sudan
|
18 Nov 2015
|
Tuvalu
|
20 Dec 2017
|
Marshall Islands
|
28 Nov 2019
|
Bhutan
|
1Prussia
united with Baden, Bavaria, Hamburg,
Hesse-Darmstadt,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg,
Saxony, and Württemberg as
Germany on 1 Jan 1871; Hamburg, Hesse-Darmstadt,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg,
Prussia and Saxony part of North
German Confederation 1
Jul 1867 - 1 Jan 1871;
Red Crosses unified on 25 Jan 1921 as Red
Cross Society of Germany, which was de facto
recognized by the ICRC until 1945. 2as
Ottoman Empire to 1920; from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
3Montenegro
and Serbia were part of Yugoslavia from
1 Dec 1918; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved 5 Jun
2006, succeeded by Serbia. 4from
1908 Belgian Congo a branch of the Belgian Red
Cross; recognized by ICRC 4 Jul 1963 as
Congo (Kinshasa) Red Cross.
5from 1902 Transvaal
a branch of the British Red Cross; from 1921
part of South African Red Cross which was
recognized by ICRC 10 May 1928. 6Korea
a branch of Japanese Red Cross 1910-1945; separate
North and South Korean Red Cross Societies
recognized in 1955 and 1956. 7at
28th International Conference of the Red Cross in
1952 the Standing Commission of the Red Cross
invited the People's Republic of China to attend
as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China
[Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer on the
principle that there may only be only one National
Red Cross Society per country. On 28 Jul 1952 the
invitations of the Standing Commission were
confirmed by a vote of Conference delegates. Formosa
(Taiwan) was an invited observer 1957 and 1965.
Taiwan was not invited as an observer after 13 Sep
1969; The People's Republic of China Red Cross
Society was partly disbanded 1966-1978.
8Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 9from 1941
Thailand. 10Russian
Red Cross est.1867, by decree of 6 Jan 1918 became
the Soviet Red Cross; from 1924 Alliance of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR;
dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia,
succession recognized by ICRC 1 Jul 1992. 11Danzig Free
City annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945,
then to Poland. 12from
1935 Iran. 13South
Africa suspended from ICRC conference
participation 25 Oct - Nov 1986.
14Nicaraguan Red
Cross dissolved by Nicaraguan parliament on 9
May 2023.
15from 1989 Myanmar.
16Syria
along with Egypt was part of the United Arab
Republic 1958-1961; the ICRC did not recognize
this new structure as such, but informed other
National Red Cross Societies on 10 Sep 1959 that
the Syrian Red Crescent was a component of the UAR
Red Crescent; on 31 Jul 1962 ICRC noted its
autonomy was restored. 17to 1946
Transjordan. 18from
1972 Sri Lanka. 19East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the
separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991. 20South
Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976
as Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 21from 1984
Burkina Faso. 22Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 23from 1985
Côte d'Ivoire. 24from
26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 25from 1975
Benin. 26to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. 27from 2018
Eswatini. 28Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen the
separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990. 29from 1997
Samoa. 30from
2013 Cabo Verde. 31Lithuanian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 28 Aug 1923.
32Latvian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 10 Jan 1923.
33Estonian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 11 Apr 1922.
34as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
35Montenegro
a member 10 Feb 1876 - 1 Dec 1918; a
provisional member 21 Nov 2006 - 20 Nov 2007.
|
Note:
the procedure of recognition of new National
Societies by the ICRC came into force from 1887.
National Societies created before this date became
members of the International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement (ICRM) without formal
recognition by the ICRC.
|
Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO)
26 Apr
1996
"Shanghai Five" regional security
treaty signed.
15 Jun 2001
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
19 Sep
2003
SCO charter enters into force.
15 Jan
2004
Secretariat inaugurated.
Executive Secretary
15 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2006 Zhang Deguang
(China)
(b. 1941)
Secretaries-general
1 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2010 Bolat Qabdylkhamïtuly
Nurghalïev (b. 1951)
(Bolat
Kabdylkhamitovich Nurgaliyev)
(Kazakhstan)
21 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2012 Muratbek Sansyzbayevich
Imanaliyev (b. 1956)
(Kyrgyzstan)
1 Jan 2013 - 12 Jan 2016 Dmitriy Fyodorovich
Mezentsev (b. 1959)
(Russia)
12 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2018 Rashid Kutbudinovich
Alimov (b.
1953)
(Tajikistan)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2021 Vladimir Imamovich
Norov (b. 1955)
(Uzbekistan)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2024 Zhang Ming
(China)
(b. 1957)
1 Jan 2025
-
Nurlan Baiuzakuly Yermekbayev (b.
1963)
(Nurlan Bayuzakovich Yermekbayev)
(Kazakhstan)
SCO membership (10)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
15 Jun 2001 |
China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
Tajikistan |
7 Jun 2002 |
Uzbekistan |
9 Jun 2017
|
India, Pakistan
|
4 Jul 2023
|
Iran
|
4 Jul 2024
|
Belarus
|
South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC)
Adopted 8 Dec 1985
|
SAARC
website |
Headquarters:
Kathmandu
(Nepal) |
SAARC Day: 8
Dec (1985)
SAARC Charter Day
|
8 Dec
1985
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established.
Secretaries-general
16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan
(Bangladesh)
(b. 1936 - d. 2008)
17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore
Bhargava (India) (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim
Hussain Zaki (Maldives) (b. 1947)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant
Silwal
(Nepal)
(b. 1938)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U.
Hasan
(Pakistan)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal
Rodrigo (Sri
Lanka)
(b. c.1945)
11 Jan 2002 - 28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim
(Bangladesh)
(b. 1942 - d. 2021)
1 Mar 2005 - 29 Feb 2008 Lyonpo
Chenkyab Dorji (Bhutan) (b.
1943)
1 Mar 2008 - 28 Feb 2011 Sheel Kanta Sharma
(India)
(b. 1950)
1 Mar 2011 - 22 Jan 2012 Fathimath Dhiyana
Saeed (f)
(b. 1974)
(Maldives)
22 Jan 2012 - 12 Mar 2012 Damayanthi Rajapakse
(f)(Sri Lanka)
(acting)
12 Mar 2012 - 28 Feb 2014 Ahmed Saleem (Maldives)
(b. 1949)
1 Mar 2014 - 28 Feb 2017 Arjun Bahadur Thapa
(Nepal) (b. 1956)
1 Mar 2017 - 29 Feb 2020
Amjad Hussain B. Sial (Pakistan) (b. 1956)
1 Mar 2020 - 24 Oct 2023 Esala Ruwan
Weerakoon (Sri Lanka) (b. 1961?)
25 Oct 2023
-
Mohammad Golam Sarwar (Bangladesh) (b. 1966)
SAARC membership (8)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
8 Dec 1985 |
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka |
3 Apr 2007
|
Afghanistan
|
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
(SEATO)
19 Feb 1959 - 30 Jun 1977
|
8 Sep 1954
Southeast Asia Collective Defense
Treaty, also called
the "Manila Pact", signed.
19 Feb
1955
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) established.
1 Feb 1974
Dissolution of military structures.
30 Jun
1977
SEATO dissolved.
Secretaries-general
5 Sep 1957 - 22 Sep 1957 Pote Sarasin (1st
time)(Thailand) (b. 1905 - d.
2000)
22 Sep 1957 - 10 Jan 1958 William Worth (Australia)
(b. 1912 - d.
2001)
(1st time)(acting)
10 Jan 1958 - 13 Dec 1963 Pote Sarasin (2nd time)(Thailand)
(s.a.)
13 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964 William Worth
(Australia) (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
19 Feb 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Konthi
Suphamongkhon (Thailand) (b. 1916 - d.
2011)
1 Jul 1965 - 5 Sep 1972 Jesus Miranda
Vargas
(b. 1905 - d. 1994)
(The Philippines)
5 Sep 1972 - 30 Jun 1977 Sunthorn
Hongladarom (Thailand) (b. 1912 - d.
2005)
SEATO membership
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
19 Feb 1955 |
Australia, France¹, New Zealand,
Pakistan2,
The Philippines,
Thailand, United Kingdom, United States |
¹France
ceased financial contributions from 30 Jun
1974. 2Pakistan
withdrew 7 Nov 1973. |
South Pacific
Forum: see Pacific Islands
Forum
Southern African Development Community
(SADC)
-
- 1980 - 1992
|
-
- Adopted 28 Aug 1995
|
SADC website
|
Anthem
"SADC Anthem"
Adopted Aug 2004 |
Headquarters: Gaborone
(Botswana)
|
SADC Day:
17 Aug (1992)
SADC Day
|
1 Apr
1980
Southern African Development Coordination Conference
(SADCC).
17 Aug
1992
Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Executive Secretaries
1980 -
1982
Lebang Mpotokwane
(Botswana) (b. 1944)
(1st time) (acting)
Oct 1982 - Mar
1984 Frederick Arthur
Blumeris (b. 1940 - d.
1984)
(Zimbabwe)
1984
Lebang Mpotokwane
(Botswana) (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
1984 - 31 Dec
1993
Simba Makoni
(Zimbabwe)
(b. 1950)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec
1999 Kaire Mbuende
(Namibia)
(b. 1953)
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Aug
2005 Prega Ramsamy
(Mauritius)
(b. 1950)
(acting to 9 Mar 2001)
1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013
Tomaz Augusto Salomão (Mozambique) (b. 1954)
1 Sep 2013 - 31 Aug 2021 Stergomena Lawrence
Tax (f) (b. 1960)
(Tanzania)
1 Sep 2021 -
Elias Mpedi Magosi (Botswana)
SADC membership (16)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
1 Apr 1980 |
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique,
Swaziland¹,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
31 Mar 1990 |
Namibia |
30 Aug 1994 |
South Africa |
28 Aug 1995 |
Mauritius |
8 Sep 1997 |
Congo (Kinshasa), Seychelles2 |
18 Aug 2005 |
Madagascar3 |
17 Aug 2018
|
Comoros
|
¹from
2018 Eswatini. 2Seychelles
withdrew 1 Jul 2004, rejoined 16 Aug
2008. 3Madagascar
suspended 30 Mar 2009 - 30 Jan 2014. |
Southern Cone
Common Market (MERCOSUR)
-
- Adopted 16 Dec 1996
(Spanish)
|
-
- (Portuguese variant)
|
26 Mar
1991
Southern Cone Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur/
Mercado Comum do Sul)(Mercosur/Mercosul) founded
by the "Treaty of Asunción."
17 Dec
1994
Customs union inaugurated.
1 Jan
1997
Secretariat inaugurated.
6 Dec 2006
Parlamento del
Mercosur (Parlasur/Parlasul)
effective.
Directors of the Secretariat
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1998 Jorge
Enrique Fernández Reyes
(b. 1953)
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2000 Ramón
Antero Díaz Pereira
(b. 1947)
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Santiago José
González Cravino
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2005 Reginaldo
Braga Arcuri (Brazil) (b. 1955?)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2007 José Ernesto
Büttner Limprich
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2009 José Manuel Quijano
Capurro (b.
1944)
(Uruguay)
1 Dec 2010 - 31 Dec 2011 Agustín Miguel
Colombo Sierra (b. 1952)
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2012 - 30 Jun 2014 Jeferson Miola
(Brazil)
1 Jul 2014 - 31 Dec 2016 Oscar Pastore
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 Linda Rabbaglietti
Amor (f)
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2020 María Fernanda
Monti (f)
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2022 Luiz de Gonzaga
Coelho Júnior
(Brazil)
1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2024 Bernardino Hugo
Saguier Caballero (b. 1945)
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2025
-
Jimmy Voss Donamar (Uruguay)
Presidents of the Parliament of Mercosur
(Parlasur/Parlasul)
7 May 2007 – 25 Jun 2007 Alfonso González
Núñez (Paraguay) (b. 1964)
25 Jun 2007 – 18 Dec 2007 Carlos Roberto Conde
Carreras (b. 1952)
(Uruguay)
18 Dec 2007 – 27 Jun 2008 José Juan Bautista
Pampuro (b. 1949)
(1st
time)(Argentina)
28 Jun 2008 – 10 Feb 2009 Florisvaldo Fier
(Brazil) (b. 1950)
10 Feb 2009 – 17 Aug 2009 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín (Paraguay)
(1st time)
17 Aug 2009 - 2 Feb 2010 Juan José Domínguez
(Uruguay)
2 Feb 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 José Juan
Bautista Pampuro (s.a.)
(2nd
time)(Argentina)
9 Aug 2010 - 6 Jun 2011 Aloizio
Mercadante Oliva (Brazil) (b. 1954)
7 Jun 2011 - 12 Aug 2011 Ignacio Mendoza
Unzaín (Paraguay)
(2nd
time)
12 Aug 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Azambuja Reinaldo Silva
(Brazil) (b. 1963)
1 Jul 2013 - 15 Feb 2015 Rubén
Martínez Huelmo (Uruguay)
(b. 1949)
(acting to 2 Dec 2013)
26 Feb 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Saúl Antonio Ortega
Campos (b. 1956)
(Venezuela)
1 Jan 2016 - 1 Dec 2016 Jorge Enrique
Taiana (Argentina) (b. 1950)
1 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2017 Arlindo Chinaglia
Junior (Brazil) (b. 1949)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Tomás Enrique
Bittar Navarro (b. 1965)
(1st
time)(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Daniel Caggiani
Gómez (Uruguay) (b. 1983)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Oscar
Laborde Alberto (Argentina) (b. 1953)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Celso Ubirajara
Russomanno (Brazil)(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Tomás Enrique
Bittar Navarro (s.a.)
(2nd time)(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2023 - 7 May 2023 Gustavo
Penadés Etchebarne (b.
1965)
(Uruguay)
8 May 2023 - 7 Jun 2023 Cecilia
Catherine Britto (f)
(Argentina) (interim)
8 Jun 2023 - 26 Jun 2023 Rubén Aníbal
Bacigalupe Aunés (b. 1966)
(Uruguay) (acting)
26 Jun 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Mario Enrique Colman
Giriboni
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 2024 - 29 Apr 2024 Alfredo Horacio
Olmedo (Argentina) (b. 1965)
29 Apr 2024 - 31 Dec 2024 Fabiana Gabriela Martín
(f)
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2025
-
Arlindo Chinaglia (Brazil)
(b. 1949)
MERCOSUR membership (6)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
26 Mar 1991 |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay¹, Uruguay |
31 Jul 2012
|
Venezuela2 |
7 Aug 2024
|
Bolivia3
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of Mercosur
|
1 Oct 1996
|
Chile
|
1 Jan 1997
|
Bolivia3
|
25 Aug 2003
|
Peru
|
16 Dec 2004
|
Colombia, Ecuador
|
17 Jul 2015
|
Guyana, Suriname
|
¹Paraguay suspended
29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013. 2Venezuela
an associate member 16 Dec 2004 - 31
Jul 2012; suspended from 5 Aug 2017. 3Bolivia
approved for regular membership 17 Jul
2015, admitted as regular
member 7 Dec 2023, from 7 Aug 2024
status of state party. |
Union of South American Nations
(UNASUR)
23 May 2008 - 2011 Unofficial
|
Adopted 2011
|
Variant |
UNASUR
website
|
Headquarters: Quito
(Ecuador)
(Brasilia, Brazil interim 2008-2011);
Parlamento
Suramericano:
Cochabamba (Bolivia)
|
8 Dec 2004
South American Community of Nations.
23 May 2008
Union of South American Nations (Unión
de Naciones Suramericanas
[UNASUR]/União
de Nações Sul-Americanas [UNASUL]) founded.
11 Mar 2011
Constitutive Treaty enters into
force.
13 Dec 2023
UNASUR announces the reactivation of institutions.
Secretaries-general
4 May 2010 - 27 Oct 2010 Néstor
Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (b.
1950 - d. 2010)
(Argentina)
27 Oct 2010 - 1 Apr 2011 Vacant
1 Apr 2011 - 11 Jun 2012 María Emma Mejía
Vélez (f)(Colombia) (b. 1953)
(acting to 11 May 2011)
11 Jun 2012 - 11 Sep 2014 Alí Rodríguez
Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d. 2018)
11 Sep 2014 - 31 Jan 2017 Ernesto Samper
Pizano (Colombia) (b. 1950)
1 Feb 2017
-
Vacant
Presidents Pro Tempore
23 May 2008 - 10
Aug 2009 Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (f) (b.
1951)
(Chile)
10 Aug 2009 - 26 Nov 2010 Rafael
Correa Delgado (Ecuador) (b.
1963)
26 Nov 2010 - 29 Oct 2011 Bharrat
Jagdeo (Guyana)
(b. 1964)
29 Oct 2011 - 22 Jun 2012
Fernando Lugo Méndez
(Paraguay) (b. 1951)
22 Jun 2012 - 29 Jun 2012 Vacant
29 Jun 2012 - 30 Aug 2013
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Peru) (b. 1962)
30 Aug 2013 - 4 Dec 2014 Dési
Bouterse (Suriname)
(b. 1945)
4 Dec 2014 - 1 Mar 2015 José Mujica
Cordano (Uruguay) (b. 1935 - d.
2025)
1 Mar 2015 - 22 Apr 2016 Tabaré Vázquez
Rosas (Uruguay)
(b. 1940 - d. 2020)
23 Apr 2016 - 17 Apr 2017 Nicolás
Maduro Moros (Venezuela) (b. 1962)
18 Apr 2017 - 17 Apr 2018
Mauricio Macri (Argentina)
(b. 1959)
17 Apr 2018 - 16 Apr 2019 Juan Evo
Morales Ayma (Bolivia) (b. 1959)
17 Apr 2019
-
Vacant
UNASUR membership (7)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
11 Mar 2011
|
Argentina¹, Bolivia2,
Chile3,
Colombia4,
Ecuador5,
Guyana, Peru6, Suriname,
Uruguay7,
Venezuela
|
14 Jul 2011
|
Brazil8 |
11 Aug 2011
|
Paraguay9 |
¹Argentina suspended
its participation 20 Apr 2018, announced withdrawal
27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later); rejoined 2 Apr 2023,
withdrew again 12 Dec 2023.
2Bolivia
announced withdrawal 18 Nov 2019 (to
be effective six months later),
withdrawal rescinded 20 Nov 2020.
3Chile
suspended its participation 20
Apr 2018, announced withdrawal
27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later),
rejoined 5 Dec
2023. 4Colombia
suspended its membership 20 Apr 2018; announced
withdrawal 10 Aug 2018
(to be effective six months later),
rejoined 20 Oct 2023. 5Ecuador
announced its withdrawal 13
Mar 2019, effective 17 Sep 2019. 6Peru suspended
its participation from 20 Apr 2018; withdrawal
announced 27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later); rejoined 5 Dec 2023. 7Uruguay
announced withdrawal 10 Mar
2020 (to be effective six
months later). 8Brazil
suspended its participation 20 Apr 2018;
announced withdrawal 27 Aug 2018 (to be
effective six months later), rejoined 5 May
2023. 9Paraguay
suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013; suspended
its participation 20 Apr 2018, announced
withdrawal 27 Aug 2018 (to be
effective six months later).
|
Union
of State of Belarus and Russia
-
- Proposed Flag
|
-
- Proposed Flag Variant
|
Union website
|
Unofficial
Anthem
"Derzhavny Soyuz
Narodov/Dzyarzhauny
Sayuz Narodau"
(Sovereign Union of Nations)
|
Headquarters:
Moscow
(Russia)
|
Union Holiday:
2 Apr (1996)
Den' Yedineniya Narodov
Belarusi i Rossii
(Day of Unity of the
Peoples of Belarus
and Russia)
|
6 Jan
1995
Agreement on the Customs
Union of Russia and Belarus
2 Apr 1996
Community of
Belarus and Russia (Soobshchestva
Belarusi i Rossii).
2 Apr
1997
Union of Belarus and Russia (Soyuz
Belarusi i Rossii) created
by the Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia.
25 Dec 1998
Declaration on the Further Unity of Belarus and Russia,
the
Treaty on Equal Rights of Citizens, and
the Agreement on the
Creation of Equal Conditions for Economic Entities
signed.
8 Dec 1999
Treaty on the Creation of a
Union State of Russia and Belarus
signed (ratified by Russia 26 Dec 1999, by
Belarus 26 Jan 2000).
26 Jan 2000
Union State of Russia and
Belarus (Soyuznoye gosudarstvo Rossii i
Belorussii).
4 Dec 2001 - 1 Jan 2010 Customs union
de facto suspended.
State Secretaries of the Union
State of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 - 15 Dec 2011 Pavel Pavlovich Borodin
(Russia) (b. 1946)
15 Dec 2011 - 19 Mar 2021 Grigoriy Alekseyevich
Rapota (Russia) (b. 1944)
19 Mar 2021 -
Dmitriy Fyodorovich Mezentsev (Russia)(b. 1959)
President of the Supreme State Council of the
Union State of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 -
Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka
(b. 1954)
(Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko)
(Belarus)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Union State
of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 -
the Prime ministers of Russia
State Union membership (2)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
26 Jan 2000
|
Belarus, Russia
|
United Nations (UN)
-
- Apr 1945 - 7 Dec 1946
|
-
- Adopted 7 Dec 1946
|
26 Jun
1945
"United Nations Charter" signed.
24 Oct
1945
United Nations Charter effective.
18 Apr
1946
League of Nations officially transfers its assets
and responsibilities to the United Nations.
Secretaries-general
24 Oct 1945 - 29 Jan 1946 Sir Gladwyn
Jebb (U.K.) (acting) (b. 1900 - d. 1996)
2 Feb 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Trygve Lie
(Norway)
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
10 Apr 1953 - 18 Sep 1961 Dag
Hammarskjöld
(Sweden)
(b. 1905 - d. 1961)
3 Nov 1961 - 31 Dec 1971 U Thant
(Burma)
(b. 1909 - d. 1974)
(acting to 30 Nov 1962)
1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1981 Kurt
Waldheim
(Austria)
(b. 1918 - d. 2007)
1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1991 Javier
Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru) (b. 1920
- d. 2020)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1996 Boutros
Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) (b.
1922 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2006 Kofi Annan
(Ghana)
(b. 1938 - d. 2018)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2016 Ban Ki
Moon (South
Korea)
(b. 1944)
1 Jan 2017
-
António Manuel de
Oliveira
(b. 1949)
Guterres (Portugal)
Presidents of the General Assembly
10 Jan 1946 - 16 Sep 1947
Paul-Henri Spaak
(Belgium)
(b. 1899 - d. 1972)
16 Sep 1947 - 16 Apr 1948
Oswaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (b. 1894 - d.
1960)
(Brazil)
16 Apr 1948 - 21 Sep 1948 José
Arce
(Argentina)
(b. 1881 - d. 1968)
21 Sep 1948 - 20 Sep 1949
Herbert Vere Evatt (Australia)
(b. 1894 - d. 1965)
20 Sep 1949 - 19 Sep 1950 Carlos
Peña Rómulo
(b. 1899 - d. 1985)
(The Philippines)
19 Sep 1950 - 6 Nov 1951
Nasrollah Entezam
(Iran)
(b. 1900 - d. 1980)
6 Nov 1951 - 14 Oct 1952
Luis Padilla Nervo
(Mexico) (b.
1894 - d. 1985)
14 Oct 1952 - 15 Sep 1953 Lester
Bowles Pearson (Canada) (b. 1897
- d. 1972)
15 Sep 1953 - 21 Sep 1954 Vijaya
Lakshmi Pandit (f) (India) (b. 1900 - d. 1990)
21 Sep 1954 - 20 Sep 1955 Eelco
Nicolaas van
Kleffens (b.
1894 - d. 1983)
(The Netherlands)
20 Sep 1955 - 1 Nov 1956
José Guillermo Maza Fernández
(b. 1889 - d. 1964)
(Chile)
1 Nov 1956 - 12 Nov 1956 Rudecindo
Ortega Masson (Chile) (b. 1899 - d.
1962)
12 Nov 1956 - 17 Sep 1957 Prince
Wan Waithayakon (Thailand) (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
17 Sep 1957 - 16 Sep 1958 Sir
Leslie Munro (New Zealand) (b.
1901 - d. 1974)
16 Sep 1958 - 15 Sep 1959
Charles Habib Malik
(Lebanon) (b. 1906 - d.
1987)
15 Sep 1959 - 20 Sep 1960 Víctor
Andrés Belaúnde Diez-Canseco(b. 1883 - d. 1966)
(Peru)
20 Sep 1960 - 20 Sep 1961 Frederick Henry
Boland (Ireland) (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
20 Sep 1961 - 18 Sep 1962 Mongi
Slim
(Tunisia)
(b. 1908 - d. 1969)
18 Sep 1962 - 17 Sep 1963 Sir
Mohammad Zafrulla
Khan (b.
1893 - d. 1985)
(Pakistan)
17 Sep 1963 - 1 Dec 1964
Carlos Sosa Rodríguez (Venezuela) (b. 1912 - d.
1997)
1 Dec 1964 - 21 Sep 1965
Alex Quaison-Sackey
(Ghana) (b.
1924 - d. 1992)
21 Sep 1965 - 20 Sep 1966
Amintore Fanfani
(Italy)
(b. 1908 - d. 1999)
20 Sep 1966 - 19 Sep 1967 Abdul
Rahman Pazhwak (Afghanistan) (b. 1919 - d. 1995)
19 Sep 1967 - 24 Sep 1968
Corneliu Mănescu
(Romania)
(b. 1916 - d. 2000)
24 Sep 1968 - 17 Apr 1969 Emilio
Arenales
Catalán
(b. 1922 - d. 1969)
(Guatemala)
16 Sep 1969 - 15 Sep 1970 Angie
Elizabeth Brooks (f)(Liberia)(b. 1928 - d. 2007)
(from 27 Apr 1970, Angie Elizabeth Brooks-Randolph)
15 Sep 1970 - 21 Sep 1971 Edvard
Hambro
(Norway)
(b. 1911 - d. 1977)
21 Sep 1971 - 19 Sep 1972 Adam
Malik
(Indonesia)
(b. 1917 - d. 1984)
19 Sep 1972 - 18 Sep 1973
Stanisław Trepczyński (Poland)
(b. 1924 - d. 2002)
18 Sep 1973 - 17 Sep 1974
Leopoldo Benítes Vinueza (Ecuador) (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
17 Sep 1974 - 16 Sep 1975
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria)
(b. 1937 - d. 2021)
16 Sep 1975 - 21 Sep 1976 Gaston
Egmond Thorn (Luxembourg) (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
21 Sep 1976 - 20 Sep 1977
Hamilton Shirley
Amerasinghe (b. 1913
- d. 1980)
(Sri Lanka)
20 Sep 1977 - 19 Sep 1978 Lazar
Mojsov
(Yugoslavia)
(b. 1920 - d. 2011)
19 Sep 1978 - 18 Sep 1979
Indalecio Liévano
Aguirre
(b. 1917 - d. 1982)
(Colombia)
18 Sep 1979 - 16 Sep 1980 Salim
Ahmed Salim
(Tanzania) (b. 1942)
16 Sep 1980 - 15 Sep 1981
Rüdiger von Wechmar (W. Germany) (b. 1923 -
d. 2007)
15 Sep 1981 - 21 Sep 1982 Ismat
Taha Kittani
(Iraq)
(b. 1929 - d. 2001)
21 Sep 1982 - 20 Sep 1983 Imre
Hollai
(Hungary)
(b. 1925 - d. 2017)
20 Sep 1983 - 18 Sep 1984 Jorge
Enrique Illueca Sibauste (b. 1918 - d.
2012)
(Panama)
18 Sep 1984 - 17 Sep 1985 Paul
John Firmino Lusaka (Zambia) (b. 1935 - d. 1996)
17 Sep 1985 - 16 Sep 1986 Jaime
de Piniés
(Spain)
(b. 1917 - d. 2003)
16 Sep 1986 - 15 Sep 1987
Humayun Rasheed
Chowdhury
(b. 1928 - d. 2001)
(Bangladesh)
15 Sep 1987 - 20 Sep 1988 Peter
Florin (East
Germany) (b.
1921 - d. 2014)
20 Sep 1988 - 19 Sep 1989 Dante
María Caputo (Argentina) (b.
1943 - d. 2018)
19 Sep 1989 - 18 Sep 1990 Joseph
Nanven Garba (Nigeria) (b.
1943 - d. 2002)
18 Sep 1990 - 17 Sep 1991 Guido
de Marco
(Malta)
(b. 1931 - d. 2010)
17 Sep 1991 - 15 Sep 1992 Samir
Sobhi Shihabi (Saudi Arabia) (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
15 Sep 1992 - 21 Sep 1993 Stoyan
Ganev
(Bulgaria)
(b. 1955 - d. 2013)
21 Sep 1993 - 20 Sep 1994 Samuel
Rudolph "Rudy" Insanally (b. 1936 - d.
2023)
(Guyana)
20 Sep 1994 - 19 Sep 1995 Amara
Essy (Côte
d'Ivoire)
(b. 1944 - d. 2025)
19 Sep 1995 - 17 Sep 1996 Diogo
Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (b.
1941 - d. 2019)
(Portugal)
17 Sep 1996 - 16 Sep 1997 Razali
Ismail
(Malaysia)
(b. 1939)
16 Sep 1997 - 9 Sep 1998
Hennadii Udovenko
(Ukraine) (b.
1931 - d. 2013)
9 Sep 1998 - 14 Sep 1999
Didier Opertti Badán
(Uruguay) (b. 1937)
14 Sep 1999 - 5 Sep 2000
Theo-Ben Gurirab
(Namibia)
(b. 1939 - d. 2018)
5 Sep 2000 - 12 Sep 2001
Harri Holkeri
(Finland)
(b. 1937 - d. 2011)
12 Sep 2001 - 10 Sep 2002 Han
Seung-Soo (South
Korea) (b.
1936)
10 Sep 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Jan
Kavan (Czech
Republic)
(b. 1946)
16 Sep 2003 - 14 Sep 2004 Julian
Robert Hunte (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940)
14 Sep 2004 - 13 Sep 2005 Jean
Ping
(Gabon)
(b. 1942)
13 Sep 2005 - 12 Sep 2006 Jan
Eliasson
(Sweden)
(b. 1940)
12 Sep 2006 - 18 Sep 2007
Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifah (f)(b. 1952)
(Bahrain)
18 Sep 2007 - 16 Sep 2008 Srgjan Kerim (Macedonia
FYR) (b. 1948)
16 Sep 2008 - 15 Sep 2009 Miguel d'Escoto
Brockmann (b. 1933 -
d. 2017)
(Nicaragua)
15 Sep 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Ali Abdussalam Treki
(Libya) (b. 1938 - d. 2015)
14 Sep 2010 - 13 Sep 2011 Joseph Deiss
(Switzerland) (b. 1946)
13 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2012 Nasser Abdulaziz
Al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1953)
18 Sep 2012 - 17 Sep 2013 Vuk Jeremić
(Serbia)
(b. 1975)
17 Sep 2013 - 16 Sep 2014 John William Ashe
(b. 1954 - d. 2016)
(Antigua and Barbuda)
16 Sep 2014 - 15 Sep 2015 Sam Kahamba Kutesa
(Uganda) (b.
1949)
15 Sep 2015 - 13 Sep 2016 Mogens Lykketoft
(Denmark)
(b. 1946)
13 Sep 2016 - 12 Sep 2017 Peter Thomson
(Fiji)
(b. 1948)
12 Sep 2017 - 18 Sep 2018
Miroslav Lajčák
(Slovakia)
(b. 1963)
18 Sep 2018 - 16 Sep 2019 María
Fernanda Espinosa Garcés (f) (b.
1964)
(Ecuador)
16 Sep 2019 - 15 Sep 2020
Tijjani Muhammad-Bande (Nigeria) (b. 1957)
15 Sep 2020 - 14 Sep 2021
Volkan Bozkır
(Turkey)
(b. 1950)
14 Sep 2021 - 13 Sep 2022 Abdulla Shahid
(Maldives)
(b. 1962)
13 Sep 2022 - 5
Sep 2023
Csaba Kőrösi (Hungary)
(b. 1958)
5 Sep 2023 - 10 Sep 2024 Dennis
Francis
(b.
1956)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
10 Sep 2024
-
Philemon Yang
(Cameroon)
(b. 1947)
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
1 Jan 1951 - 8 Jul 1956
Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart
(b. 1901 - d. 1956)
(The Netherlands)
8 Jul 1956 - 31 Dec
1956 James Morgan Read II (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1908
- d. 1985)
1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec
1960 Auguste Rudolf Lindt (Switzerland) (b. 1905
- d. 2000)
1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec
1965 Felix Schnyder
(Switzerland) (b.
1910 - d. 1992)
1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec
1977 Sadruddin Aga Khan
(Iran)
(b. 1933 - d. 2003)
1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec
1985 Poul Hartling
(Denmark)
(b. 1914 - d. 2000)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Oct
1989 Jean-Pierre Hocké
(Switzerland) (b. 1938 - d. 2021)
1 Nov 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Gerald
Hinteregger
(Austria) (b. 1928
- d. 2013)
(acting)
1 Jan 1990 -
2 Nov 1990 Thorvald Stoltenberg
(Norway) (b. 1931 - d.
2018)
2 Nov 1990 - 18 Feb
1991 Douglas Stafford (U.S.) (acting)
(b. 1933 - d. 2015)
18 Feb 1991 - 31 Dec 2000 Sadako Ogata
(f)
(Japan)
(b. 1927 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 2001 - 24 Feb
2005 Rudolphus "Ruud"
Lubbers
(b. 1939 - d. 2018)
(The Netherlands)
24 Feb 2005 - 15 Jun
2005 Wendy Jean Chamberlin (f)(U.S.)
(b. 1948)
(acting)
15 Jun 2005 - 31 Dec
2015 António Manuel de
Oliveira
(s.a.)
Guterres (Portugal)
1 Jan 2016
-
Filippo Grandi (Italy)
(b. 1957)
![[United Nations High Commissioners for
Human Rights] [United
Nations High Commissioners for Human Rights]](UN-human-rights.jpg)
United Nations High Commissioners for Human
Rights
5 Apr 1994 - 15 Mar 1997 José
Julio Ayala Lasso (Ecuador) (b. 1932)
15 Mar 1997 - 12 Sep 1997 Ralph Zacklin
(U.K.) (interim) (b. 1937)
12 Sep 1997 - 12 Sep 2002 Mary Terese
Winifred
Bourke (b.
1944)
Robinson (f) (Ireland)
12 Sep 2002 - 19 Aug 2003 Sérgio Vieira
de Mello (Brazil) (b. 1948 - d.
2003)
2 Jun 2003 - 1 Jul 2004
Bertrand "Bertie" Gangapersaud
(b. 1943)
Ramcharan (Guyana)
(acting [for Mello to 19 Aug 2003])
1 Jul 2004 - 30 Jun 2008 Louise
Arbour (f)
(Canada)
(b. 1947)
1 Jul 2008 - 31 Aug 2008
Kyung-wha Kang (f)(South Korea)
(b. 1955)
(acting)
1 Sep 2008 - 31 Aug 2014 Navanethem "Navi"
Pillay (f) (b.
1941)
(South
Africa)
1 Sep 2014 - 31 Aug 2018 Prince Zeid bin
Ra'ad bin Zeid (b. 1946)
al-Hussein (Jordan)
1 Sep 2018 - 31 Aug 2022 Verónica
Michelle Bachelet (b.
1951)
Jeria (f)(Chile)
1 Sep 2022 - 8 Sep 2022 Nada
al-Nashif (f)(Jordan)(acting)
8 Sep 2022
-
Volker Türk
(Austria)
(b. 1965)
-
High Representatives for the United Nations
Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC)
1 Apr 2007 - 1 Mar 2013 Jorge
Fernando Branco de Sampaio (b. 1939 - d.
2021)
(Portugal)
1 Mar 2013 - 7 Jan 2019
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1952)
7 Jan 2019 -
Miguel Ángel Moratinos
Cuyaubé (b. 1951)
(Spain)
UN membership (193)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
24 Oct 1945 |
Argentina, Byelorussian S.S.R.1, Brazil,
Chile, China2,
Cuba, Czechoslovakia3,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt4, El
Salvador, France, Haiti, Iran, Lebanon,
Luxembourg, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Paraguay,
The Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Soviet
Union5,
Syria4,
Turkey6,
Ukrainian S.S.R.7,
United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia8 |
25 Oct 1945 |
Greece |
30 Oct 1945 |
India |
31 Oct 1945 |
Peru |
1 Nov 1945 |
Australia |
2 Nov 1945 |
Costa Rica, Liberia |
5 Nov 1945 |
Colombia |
7 Nov 1945 |
Mexico, South Africa9 |
9 Nov 1945 |
Canada |
13 Nov 1945 |
Ethiopia, Panama |
14 Nov 1945 |
Bolivia |
15 Nov 1945 |
Venezuela |
21 Nov 1945 |
Guatemala |
27 Nov 1945 |
Norway |
10 Dec 1945 |
The Netherlands |
17 Dec 1945 |
Honduras |
18 Dec 1945 |
Uruguay |
21 Dec 1945 |
Ecuador, Iraq |
27 Dec 1945 |
Belgium |
19 Nov 1946 |
Afghanistan, Iceland, Sweden |
16 Dec 1946 |
Thailand |
30 Sep 1947 |
Pakistan, Yemen (Sana)10 |
19 Apr 1948 |
Burma11 |
11 May 1949 |
Israel |
28 Sep 1950 |
Indonesia12 |
14 Dec 1955 |
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia,
Ceylon13,
Finland, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal,
Romania, Spain |
12 Nov 1956 |
Morocco, The Sudan, Tunisia |
18 Dec 1956 |
Japan |
8 Mar 1957 |
Ghana |
17 Sep 1957 |
Malaya14 |
12 Dec 1958 |
Guinea |
20 Sep 1960 |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo (Brazzaville), Congo
(Léopoldville)14,
Cyprus, Dahomey16,
Gabon, Ivory Coast17,
Madagascar18,
Niger, Somalia, Togo, Upper Volta19 |
28 Sep 1960 |
Mali, Senegal |
7 Oct 1960 |
Nigeria |
27 Sep 1961 |
Sierra Leone |
7 Oct 1961 |
Mauritania |
27 Oct 1961 |
Mongolia |
14 Dec 1961 |
Tanganyika20 |
18 Sep 1962 |
Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda, Trinidad and
Tobago |
8 Oct 1962 |
Algeria |
25 Oct 1962 |
Uganda |
14 May 1963 |
Kuwait |
16 Dec 1963 |
Kenya, Zanzibar20 |
1 Dec 1964 |
Malawi, Malta, Zambia |
21 Sep 1965 |
The Gambia, Maldives, Singapore |
20 Sep 1966 |
Guyana |
17 Oct 1966 |
Botswana, Lesotho |
9 Dec 1966 |
Barbados |
14 Dec 1967 |
Yemen (Aden)10 |
24 Apr 1968 |
Mauritius |
24 Sep 1968 |
Swaziland21 |
12 Nov 1968 |
Equatorial Guinea |
13 Oct 1970 |
Fiji |
21 Sep 1971 |
Bahrain, Bhutan, Qatar |
7 Oct 1971 |
Oman |
9 Dec 1971 |
United Arab Emirates |
18 Sep 1973 |
The Bahamas, East Germany22, West
Germany22 |
17 Sep 1974 |
Bangladesh, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau |
16 Sep 1975 |
Cape Verde23,
Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe |
10 Oct 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
12 Nov 1975 |
Comoros |
4 Dec 1975 |
Suriname |
21 Sep 1976 |
Seychelles |
1 Dec 1976 |
Angola |
15 Dec 1976 |
Western Samoa24 |
20 Sep 1977 |
Djibouti, Vietnam |
19 Sep 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
18 Dec 1978 |
Dominica |
18 Sep 1979 |
Saint Lucia |
25 Aug 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
16 Sep 1980 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
15 Sep 1981 |
Vanuatu |
25 Sep 1981 |
Belize |
11 Nov 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
23 Sep 1983 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
21 Sep 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
23 Apr 1990 |
Namibia |
18 Sep 1990 |
Liechtenstein |
17 Sep 1991 |
Estonia, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia,
Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated States
of Micronesia |
2 Mar 1992 |
Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
San Marino, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan |
9 Mar 1992 |
Azerbaijan |
22 May 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Slovenia |
31 Jul 1992 |
Georgia |
19 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
8 Apr 1993 |
Macedonia25 |
28 May 1993 |
Monaco, Eritrea |
28 Jul 1993 |
Andorra |
15 Dec 1994 |
Palau |
14 Sep 1999 |
Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga |
5 Sep 2000 |
Tuvalu |
1 Nov 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro8 |
10 Sep 2002 |
Switzerland |
27 Sep 2002 |
East Timor26 |
28 Jun 2006 |
Montenegro |
14 Jul 2011
|
South Sudan
|
- 1from 19
Sep 1991 Belarus. 2Republic
of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15
Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China
represented by the People's Republic of
China. 3Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 4on 21
Feb 1958, the United Arab Republic was
established by a union of Egypt and Syria
and continued as a single member; on
13 Oct 1961 Syria, having resumed its status
as an independent state on 29 Sep 1961,
resumed its separate membership. On
2 Sep 1971 the United Arab Republic was
renamed Arab Republic of Egypt. 5Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, Russia
succeeded to Soviet seat. 6from 1
Jun 2022 communication to UN that Turkish
short-form name Türkiye is to be used in all
languages. 7from 1991
Ukraine. 8Socialist
Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up
in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia
reconstituted as Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat;
on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was
suspended from participation in the General
Assembly and told to reapply for membership,
which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000);
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and
Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by
Serbia. 9from
12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General
Assembly refused to accept the credentials
of the South African delegation because of
the country's apartheid policies, but South
Africa retained membership. 10Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.
11from
1989 Myanmar. 12Indonesia
withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.
13from
1972 Sri Lanka. 14from
1963 Malaysia. 151966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97
Zaire. 16from
1975 Benin. 17from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 18to 30
Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic. 19from
1984 Burkina Faso. 20Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,
which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 21from
2018 Eswatini. 22East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 23from
2013 Cabo Verde. 24from
1997 Samoa. 25as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 26from
2003 Timor-Leste.
|
Note:
Vatican City is the only undisputed nation
that is a non-member. |
-
- United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF)
UNICEF
Flag
|
UNICEF Variant
|
UNICEF
website
|
Headquarters: New
York City (United States)
|
UNICEF Day:
20 Nov (1959)
Universal Children's Day
|
11 Dec
1946
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF)
created,
as a temporary agency of the United Nations.
6 Oct 1953
Renamed United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF), made a permanent
specialized agency of the United Nations.
20 Nov 1959
"Declaration of the Rights of the
Child" adopted by U.N.
Executive Directors (all from U.S., except as
noted)
11 Dec 1946 - 19 Jan 1965 Maurice Pate
(b. 1894 - d. 1965)
19 Jan 1965 - Jun 1965
Eric John Richard "Dick" Heyward (b. 1914 - d.
2005)
(Australia) (acting)
Jun 1965 - 31 Dec 1979 Henry
Richardson Labouisse (b.
1904 - d. 1987)
1 Jan 1980 - 28 Jan 1995 James
Grant
(b. 1922 - d. 1995)
1 May 1995 - 30 Apr 2005 Carol
Bellamy (f)
(b. 1942)
1 May 2005 - 30 Apr 2010 Ann
Margaret Veneman (f)
(b. 1949)
1 May 2010 - 31 Dec 2017 Anthony "Tony"
Lake
(b. 1939)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Jan 2022 Henrietta
Holsman Fore
(f) (b.
1948)
1 Feb 2022 -
Catherine Mary Russell (f)
(b. 1961)
UNICEF membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
11 Dec 1946
|
the Executive Board consists
of 36 members, elected for a three-year term with
the following regional allocation of seats: 8
African states, 7 Asian states, 4 Eastern European
states, 5 Latin American and Caribbean states and
12 Western European and other states (including
Japan). The United Nations
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
elects states to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board
from state members of the United Nations or of the
specialized agencies or of the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
|
United Nations
Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD)
-
Adopted
30 Dec 1964
|
20 Mar 1964 - 6 Jun 1964 The first United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development
takes
place.
30 Dec 1964
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
established, as a permanent organ of the UN General
Assembly.
Secretaries-general
Mar 1964 - Mar 1969 Raúl
Prebisch (Argentina)
(b. 1901 - d. 1986)
(executive secretary to Dec 1964)
Mar 1969 - Mar 1974
Manuel Pérez-Guerrero
(Venezuela) (b. 1911 - d. 1985)
5 Apr 1974 - 31 Dec 1984 Gamani Corea
(Sri Lanka)
(b. 1925 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Alister
McIntyre (Grenada) (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Mar 1994 Kenneth K.S.
Dadzie (Ghana) (b. 1930
- d. 1995)
1 Apr 1994 - 14 Sep 1995 Carlos Fortín
Cabezas (Chile) (b.
1940)
(1st
time) (acting)
15 Sep 1995 - 15 Sep 2004 Rubens Ricupero
(Brazil) (b.
1937)
15 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Carlos
Fortín Cabezas (Chile)
(s.a.)
(2nd
time) (acting)
1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Supachai
Panitchpakdi (Thailand) (b. 1946)
1 Sep 2013 - 15 Feb 2021 Mukhisa Kituyi
(Kenya)
(b. 1956)
16 Feb 2021 - 13 Sep 2021
Isabelle Annie Josée Durant
(f) (b. 1954)
(Belgium) (acting)
13 Sep 2021
-
Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis (f)
(b. 1955)
(Costa Rica)
UNCTAD membership (195)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
30 Dec 1964
|
the members of the United Nations
|
30 Dec 1964 |
Holy See |
24 May 2018
|
Palestine
|
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)
Adopted 22 Nov 1965
|
UNDP Logo Variant
Flag
|
UNDP website
|
Headquarters: New
York
(United States)
|
UNDP Day: 24
Oct (1970)
World Development
Information Day
|
22 Nov 1965
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) established,
as a
specialized agency of the United Nations.
Administrators
1 Jan 1966 - 15 Jan 1972 Paul Gray
Hoffman (U.S.) (b.
1891 - d. 1974)
1972 - 1976
Rudolph Arvid Peterson (U.S.)
(b. 1904 - d. 2003)
1976 - 1986
Frank Bradford Morse (U.S.)
(b. 1921 - d. 1994)
1986 - 1993
William Henry Draper III (U.S.)
(b. 1928)
1993 - 30 Jun 1999
James Gustave "Gus" Speth (U.S.) (b. 1942)
1 Jul 1999 - 15 Aug 2005 George Mark
Malloch Brown (U.K.) (b. 1953)
15 Aug 2005 - 28 Feb 2009 Kemal Derviş
(Turkey)
(b. 1949 - d. 2023)
1 Mar 2009 - 20 Apr 2009 Ad Melkert
(The Netherlands) (b.
1956)
(acting)
20 Apr 2009 - 19 Jun 2017 Helen E. Clark (f)
(New Zealand) (b. 1950)
19 Jun 2017
-
Achim Steiner
(Germany)
(b. 1961)
UNDP membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
22 Nov 1965
|
36 Executive Board members
selected on a rotating basis
from United Nations members
from all regions
|
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO Flag
|
UNESCO Heritage Sites
Flag
Adopted 1978
|
Heritage Sites Flag Variant
|
4 Nov
1946
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
(UNESCO)(Organisation des Nations Unies pour
l'éducation, la
Science et la Culture)
established, as a UN specialized agency.
Directors-general
6 Dec 1946 - 9 Dec 1948
Julian Huxley
(U.K.)
(b. 1887 - d. 1975)
10 Dec 1948 - 1 Dec 1952 Jaime
Torres Bodet
(Mexico) (b.
1902 - d. 1974)
2 Dec 1952 - 3 Jul 1953 John
W. Taylor (U.S.) (interim) (b. 1906 -
d. 2001)
4 Jul 1953 - 4 Dec 1958
Luther H. Evans
(U.S.)
(b. 1902 - d. 1981)
5 Dec 1958 - 2 Nov 1961
Vittorino Veronese
(Italy)
(b. 1910 - d. 1986)
2 Nov 1961 - 14 Nov 1974 René Maheu
(France)
(b. 1905 - d. 1975)
(interim to 14 Nov 1962)
15 Nov 1974 - 14 Nov 1987 Amadou-Mahtar
M'Bow (Senegal) (b. 1921 -
d. 2024)
15 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1999 Federico Mayor
Zaragoza (Spain) (b. 1934 - d.
2024)
15 Nov 1999 - 14 Nov 2009 Kōichirō
Matsuura
(Japan)
(b. 1937)
15 Nov 2009 - 14 Nov 2017 Irina Georgieva Bokova
(f) (b. 1952)
(Bulgaria)
15 Nov 2017
-
Audrey Azoulay (f)(France)
(b. 1972)
UNESCO membership (194)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
4 Nov 1946 |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China1, Czechoslovakia2, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Lebanon,
Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, South
Africa3,
Turkey4,
United Kingdom5,
United States6 |
6 Nov 1946 |
Poland7 |
13 Nov 1946 |
Bolivia |
16 Nov 1946 |
Syria8 |
18 Nov 1946 |
Haiti |
21 Nov 1946 |
Peru, The Philippines |
25 Nov 1946 |
Venezuela |
29 Nov 1946 |
Belgium |
1 Jan 1947 |
The Netherlands |
22 Jan 1947 |
Ecuador |
6 Mar 1947 |
Liberia |
29 Aug 1947 |
Cuba |
27 Oct 1947 |
Luxembourg |
31 Oct 1947 |
Colombia |
8 Nov 1947 |
Uruguay |
16 Dec 1947 |
Honduras |
27 Jan 1948 |
Italy |
28 Apr 1948 |
El Salvador |
4 May 1948 |
Afghanistan |
13 Aug 1948 |
Austria |
6 Sep 1948 |
Iran |
14 Sep 1948 |
Hungary9 |
15 Sep 1948 |
Argentina |
21 Oct 1948 |
Iraq |
1 Jan 1949 |
Thailand |
28 Jan 1949 |
Switzerland |
27 Jun 1949 |
Burma10 |
6 Jul 1949 |
Monaco |
14 Sep 1949 |
Pakistan |
16 Sep 1949 |
Israel11 |
14 Nov 1949 |
Ceylon12 |
2 Jan 1950 |
Guatemala |
10 Jan 1950 |
Panama |
23 Jan 1950 |
Sweden |
31 Mar 1950 |
Yugoslavia13 |
19 May 1950 |
Costa Rica |
27 May 1950 |
Indonesia14 |
14 Jun 1950 |
Jordan, South Korea |
2 Jul 1951 |
Japan |
3 Jul 1951 |
Cambodia |
6 Jul 1951 |
Vietnam15 |
9 Jul 1951 |
Laos |
11 Jul 1951 |
West Germany16 |
22 Feb 1952 |
Nicaragua17 |
30 Jan 1953 |
Spain |
1 May 1953 |
Nepal |
27 Jun 1953 |
Libya |
7 Jul 1953 |
Chile |
21 Apr 1954 |
Soviet Union18 |
12 May 1954 |
Byelorussian S.S.R.19,
Ukrainian S.S.R.20 |
20 Jun 1955 |
Paraguay |
1 Jul 1955 |
Ethiopia |
17 May 1956 |
Bulgaria |
27 Jul 1956 |
Romania |
10 Oct 1956 |
Finland |
7 Nov 1956 |
Morocco |
8 Nov 1956 |
Tunisia |
26 Nov 1956 |
The Sudan |
11 Apr 1958 |
Ghana |
16 Jun 1958 |
Malaya21 |
16 Oct 1958 |
Albania |
2 Feb 1960 |
Guinea |
18 Oct 1960 |
Dahomey22 |
24 Oct 1960 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
27 Oct 1960 |
Ivory Coast23 |
7 Nov 1960 |
Mali |
10 Nov 1960 |
Madagascar24,
Niger, Senegal |
11 Nov 1960 |
Cameroon, Central African Republic |
14 Nov 1960 |
Nigeria, Upper Volta25 |
15 Nov 1960 |
Somalia |
16 Nov 1960 |
Gabon |
17 Nov 1960 |
Togo |
18 Nov 1960 |
Kuwait |
25 Nov 1960 |
Congo (Léopoldville)26 |
19 Dec 1960 |
Chad |
6 Feb 1961 |
Cyprus |
3 Oct 1961 |
Ireland |
10 Oct 1962 |
Mauritania |
6 Mar 1962 |
Tanganyika27 |
28 Mar 1962 |
Sierra Leone |
2 Apr 1962 |
Yemen (Sana)28 |
15 Oct 1962 |
Algeria |
1 Nov 1962 |
Mongolia |
2 Nov 1962 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
7 Nov 1962 |
Jamaica, Rwanda |
9 Nov 1962 |
Ugand |
16 Nov 1962 |
Burundi |
7 Apr 1964 |
Kenya |
8 Jun 1964 |
Iceland |
27 Oct 1964 |
Malawi |
9 Nov 1964 |
Zambia |
10 Feb 1965 |
Malta |
11 Mar 1965 |
Portugal29 |
28 Oct 1965 |
Singapore30 |
21 Mar 1967 |
Guyana |
29 Sep 1967 |
Lesotho |
15 Oct 1968 |
Yemen (Aden)28 |
24 Oct 1968 |
Barbados |
25 Oct 1968 |
Mauritius |
18 Jan 1972 |
Bahrain |
27 Jan 1972 |
Qatar |
10 Feb 1972 |
Oman |
20 Apr 1972 |
United Arab Emirates |
27 Oct 1972 |
Bangladesh |
21 Nov 1972 |
East Germany16 |
1 Aug 1973 |
The Gambia |
18 Oct 1974 |
North Korea |
1 Nov 1974 |
Guinea-Bissau |
12 Nov 1974 |
San Marino |
17 Feb 1975 |
Grenada |
16 Jul 1976 |
Suriname |
4 Oct 1976 |
Papua New Guinea |
11 Oct 1976 |
Mozambique |
18 Oct 1976 |
Seychelles |
11 Mar 1977 |
Angola |
22 Mar 1977 |
Comoros |
25 Jan 1978 |
Swaziland31 |
15 Feb 1978 |
Cape Verde32 |
2 Nov 1978 |
Namibia33 |
9 Jan 1979 |
Dominica |
29 Nov 1979 |
Equatorial Guinea |
16 Jan 1980 |
Botswana |
22 Jan 1980 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
6 Mar 1980 |
Saint Lucia |
18 Jul 1980 |
Maldives |
22 Sep 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
29 Sep 1980 |
Tonga |
3 Apr 1981 |
Western Samoa34 |
23 Apr 1981 |
The Bahamas |
13 Apr 1982 |
Bhutan |
10 May 1982 |
Belize |
15 Jul 1982 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
15 Feb 1983 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
14 Jul 1983 |
Fiji |
26 Oct 1983 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
31 Aug 1989 |
Djibouti |
24 Oct 1989 |
Kiribati |
25 Oct 1989 |
Cook Islands |
7 Oct 1991 |
Lithuania |
14 Oct 1991 |
Estonia, Latvia |
21 Oct 1991 |
Tuvalu |
22 May 1992 |
Kazakhstan |
27 May 1992 |
Moldova, Slovenia |
1 Jun 1992 |
Croatia |
2 Jun 1992 |
Kyrgyzstan |
3 Jun 1992 |
Azerbaijan |
9 Jun 1992 |
Armenia |
7 Oct 1992 |
Georgia |
9 Feb 1993 |
Slovakia |
22 Feb 1993 |
Czech Republic |
6 Apr 1993 |
Tajikistan |
2 Jun 1993 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
28 Jun 1993 |
Macedonia35 |
17 Aug 1993 |
Turkmenistan |
2 Sep 1993 |
Eritrea |
7 Sep 1993 |
Solomon Islands |
20 Oct 1993 |
Andorra |
26 Oct 1993 |
Niue, Uzbekistan |
10 Feb 1994 |
Vanuatu |
30 Jun 1995 |
Marshall Islands |
17 Oct 1996 |
Nauru |
20 Sep 1999 |
Palau |
19 Oct 1999 |
Federated States of
Micronesia |
20 Dec 2000
|
Serbia and Montenegro13
|
5 Jun 2003
|
Timor-Leste
|
17 May 2005
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
1 Mar 2007
|
Montenegro
|
27 Oct 2011
|
South Sudan
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Palestine
|
1the
Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China
until 29 Oct 1971, when UNESCO voted to have
China represented by the People's Republic of
China. 2Czechoslovakia
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 29 Jan 1953, resumed cooperation 9 Sep
1954; dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 3South
Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1956, rejoined 12 Dec
1994. 4from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 5U.K.
withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 1 Jul 1997. 6U.S.
withdrew 31 Dec 1984, rejoined 1 Oct 2003; withdrew
again 31 Dec 2018, rejoined
10 Jul 2023. 7Poland
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 5 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 18 Jun
1954. 81958-1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria. Syria left UNESCO 21 Feb 1958;
on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and
resumed its separate membership on 13 Oct
1961. 9Hungary
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 31 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 1 Jun
1954. 10from
1989 Myanmar. 11Israel
effectively excluded from
participation 20 Nov 1974 - 9 Nov 1976; withdrew
31 Dec 2018. 12from
1972 Sri Lanka. 13Yugoslavia
expelled 22 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000;
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on
5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 14Indonesia
announced its withdrawal 25 Feb 1965, resumed
collaboration 16 Sep 1966. 15Republic
of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of
South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist
Republic of Vietnam. 16East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 17Nicaragua
announced its withdrawal 4 May 2025 to be
effective 31 Dec 2026. 18Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership
succeeded by Russia. 19from 1991
Belarus. 20from
1991 Ukraine. 21from
1963 Malaysia. 22from
1975 Benin. 23from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 24to 30 Dec
1975 Malagasy Republic. 25from 1984
Burkina Faso. 261966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 27from 1964
Tanzania. 28Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. 29Portugal
excluded from participation 28 Nov 1966 - 31 Dec
1972; withdrew 31 Dec 1972, rejoined 11 Sep
1974. 30Singapore
withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 8 Oct 2007. 31from 2018
Eswatini. 32from
2013 Cabo Verde. 33South-West
Africa membership under United Nations Council
for Namibia to 21 Mar 1990 (not recognized by
South Africa). 34from
1997 Samoa. 35as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of UNESCO (12)
|
13 Nov 1954
|
British Caribbean
Group1,
Gold Coast2, Malaya-British
Borneo3,
Sierra Leone4
|
7 Nov 1956
|
Nigeria5 |
6 Nov 1958
|
Bahrain6, Kuwait7,
Somaliland Trust
Territory8, West
Indies Federation9 |
5 Nov 1960
|
Tanganyika10 |
15 Nov 1960
|
Mauritius11,
Ruanda-Urundi12 |
12 Nov 1962 |
Qatar13 |
21 Oct 1964
|
British Eastern Caribbean
Group14 |
17 Oct 1974 |
Papua New Guinea15 |
21 Oct 1974 |
Namibia16 |
26 Oct 1983
|
Netherlands Antilles17 |
24 Nov 1983
|
British Virgin Islands
|
20 Oct 1987
|
Aruba
|
25 Oct 1995
|
Macau (China)
|
30 Oct 1999
|
Cayman Islands
|
15 Oct 2001
|
Tokelau
|
12 Oct 2009
|
Faroe Islands
|
25 Oct 2011
|
Curaçao, Sint Maarten
|
5 Nov 2013
|
Anguilla
|
3 Nov 2015
|
Montserrat
|
30 Oct 2017
|
New Caledonia
|
9 Nov 2021
|
Aland Islands
|
1British
Caribbean Group composed of: Barbados, Dominica,
Jamaica and Trinidad; from 6 Nov 1958 West
Indies Federation. 2full member
11 Apr 1958 as Ghana. 3Malaya Federation
to 16 Jun 1958, then Singapore and British
Borneo to 31 Dec 1959. 4Sierra
Leone full member from 28
Mar 1962. 5Nigeria
full member from 14 Nov 1960. 6Bahrain
full member from 18 Jan 1972. 7Kuwait
full member from 18 Nov 1960. 8Somaliland
Trust Territory
under Italian
administration associate
member to
1 Jul 1960; from 1960 Somalia. 9West
Indies Federation dissolved 31
May 1962. 10Tanganyika
full member from
6 Mar 1962. 11Mauritius
full member from 25 Oct 1968. 12Ruanda-Urundi
dissolved on 1 Jul 1962. 13Qatar
full member from 21 Jan 1972. 14Br.
Eastern Caribbean Group composed of: Antigua and
Barbuda (to 15 Nov 1982), Anguilla, Barbados (to
24 Oct 1968), Cayman Islands, Dominica (to 9 Jan
1979), Grenada (to 17 Feb 1975), Montserrat, St.
Christopher-Nevis (to 26 Oct 1983), St. Lucia
(to 6 Mar 1980), St. Vincent (to 15 Feb 1963);
dissolved 31 Dec 1984. 15Papua New
Guinea full member from 4 Oct 1976. 16as
United Nations Council for Namibia; full
member from 2 Nov 1978 (not
recognized by South Africa). 17Netherlands
Antilles dissolved 10
Oct 2010. |
United Nations Environmental Programme
(UNEP)
UNEP website
|
Headquarters: Nairobi
(Kenya) |
UNEP Day: 5
Jun (1972)
World Environment Day
|
5 Jun 1972
UN Conference on the Human
Environment in Stockholm.
15 Dec 1972
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) established,
as a
specialized agency of the United Nations.
Executive Directors
1 Jan 1973 - Dec 1975 Maurice
Frederick Strong (Canada) (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
Dec 1975 - 31 Dec 1992 Mostafa
Kamal Tolba (Egypt) (b. 1922 -
d. 2016)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Mar 1998 Violet Elizabeth
Dowdeswell (f) (b. 1944)
(Canada)
1 Feb 1998 - 31 Mar 2006 Klaus Töpfer
(Germany)
(b. 1938 - d. 2024)
1 Apr 2006 - 14 Jun 2006 Shafqat Kakakhel
(Pakistan)(acting)(b. 1944)
15 Jun 2006 - 26 Jun 2016 Achim Steiner (Germany)
(b. 1961)
27 Jun 2016 - 22 Nov 2018 Erik Solheim
(Norway)
(b. 1955)
22 Nov 2018 - 15 Jun 2019 Joyce Msuya (f)(Tanzania)
(acting) (b. 1968)
15 Jun 2019
-
Inger La Cour Andersen (f)(Denmark)(b. 1958)
UNEP membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
15 Dec 1972
|
58 member United
Nations states serve on the Governing
Council in 4 year terms,
seats are allocated according to geographical
regions.
|
United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
![[United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO)] [United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)]](uno-unid.gif)
Adopted 1 Jan 1986
|
17 Nov
1966
United Nations Industrial Development Program (UNIDP)
created, as an autonomous body of
the United Nations.
21 Jun
1985
Renamed United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO).
1 Jan 1986
Made a separate specialized
agency of the United Nations.
Executive Directors
1 Jan 1967 -
1974
Ibrahim Helmi Abdel-Rahman (Egypt) (b. 1919
- d. 1998)
1 Jan 1975 - Aug
1985 Abderrahman Khène (Algeria)
(b. 1931 - d.
2020)
Directors-general
Aug 1985 - Jan
1993 Domingo
Lim Siazon, Jr.
(b. 1939 - d. 2016)
(The Philippines)
Jan 1993 - Mar
1993 Louis
Alexandrenne (Senegal) (acting) (b. 1933 - d.
2018)
Mar 1993 - Dec
1997 Mauricio
de María y Campos (Mexico) (b. 1943 - d.
2021)
Dec 1997 - 8 Dec
2005 Carlos Alfredo
Magariños
(b. 1962)
(Argentina)
8 Dec 2005 - 28
Jun 2013 Kandeh Kolleh Yumkella (Sierra
Leone) (b. 1959)
28 Jun 2013 - 10 Dec 2021 Li
Yong (China)
(b. 1951)
10 Dec 2021
-
Gerd Müller (Germany)
(b. 1955)
UNIDO membership (173)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
21 Jun 1985 |
Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia1,
Austria, Barbados, Belgium2,
Byelorussian S.S.R.3,
Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon,
Canada4, Cape
Verde5, Chile,
China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia6, Denmark7,
Dominican Republic, East Germany8,
Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France9, Greece10,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,
Mongolia, The Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, The
Philippines, Poland, Portugal11, Romania,
Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea,
Soviet Union12,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Thailand, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey13, Ukrainian
S.S.R.14,
United Kingdom15,
United States16,
Uruguay, Venezuela, West Germany8,
Yugoslavia17,
Zambia, Zimbabwe |
24 Jun 1985 |
North Korea |
25 Jun 1985 |
Togo |
27 Jun 1985 |
Iraq |
28 Jun 1985 |
Bangladesh, The Sudan |
1 Jul 1985 |
Nicaragua |
2 Jul 1985 |
Hungary |
8 Jul 1985 |
Zaire18 |
12 Jul 1985 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
15 Jul 1985 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
16 Jul 1985 |
Burkina Faso |
17 Jul 1985 |
Mali |
18 Jul 1985 |
Paraguay |
19 Jul 1985 |
Guyana, Malawi, New Zealand19, Vietnam |
29 Jul 1985 |
Yemen (Aden)20 |
30 Jul 1985 |
Colombia, Ghana, Kuwait, Morocco |
1 Aug 1985 |
United Arab Emirates |
5 Aug 1985 |
Haiti |
6 Aug 1985 |
Gabon, Lebanon |
8 Aug 1985 |
Benin, Libya, Nepal |
9 Aug 1985 |
Angola, Burundi, Iran, Mauritania |
14 Aug 1985 |
Yemen (Sana)20 |
15 Aug 1985 |
Sierra Leone |
19 Aug 1985 |
Seychelles |
23 Aug 1985 |
Bhutan |
3 Sep 1985 |
Laos |
28 Oct 1985 |
Jordan |
13 Nov 1985 |
Mozambique |
15 Nov 1985 |
Somalia |
19 Nov 1985 |
Saint Lucia |
27 Nov 1985 |
Dominica |
5 Dec 1985 |
Uganda |
9 Dec 1985 |
Qatar |
11 Dec 1985 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
24 Dec 1985 |
Suriname |
9 Jan 1986 |
Comoros |
16 Jan 1986 |
Grenada |
20 Jan 1986 |
Equatorial Guinea |
21 Feb 1986 |
Namibia21 |
27 Feb 1986 |
Belize |
3 Apr 1986 |
Swaziland22
|
4 Apr 1986 |
Bahrain |
14 Apr 1986 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
12 Jun 1986 |
The Gambia |
13 Aug 1986 |
Tonga |
10 Sep 1986 |
Papua New Guinea |
13 Nov 1986 |
The Bahamas |
30 Mar 1987 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
17 Aug 1987 |
Vanuatu |
26 Oct 1987 |
Costa Rica |
29 Jan 1988 |
El Salvador |
19 Apr 1988 |
Albania |
10 May 1988 |
Maldives |
12 Apr 1990 |
Myanmar |
10 May 1990 |
Liberia |
20 Aug 1991 |
Djibouti |
22 Aug 1991 |
Chad |
17 Oct 1991 |
Lithuania23 |
12 May 1992 |
Armenia |
2 Jun 1992 |
Croatia |
11 Jun 1992 |
Slovenia |
1 Oct 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
30 Oct 1992 |
Georgia |
20 Jan 1993 |
Slovakia24 |
22 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic |
8 Apr 1993 |
Kyrgyzstan |
27 May 1993 |
Macedonia25 |
1 Jun 1993 |
Moldova |
9 Jun 1993 |
Tajikistan |
23 Nov 1993 |
Azerbaijan |
26 Apr 1994 |
Uzbekistan |
16 Feb 1995 |
Turkmenistan |
20 Jun 1995 |
Eritrea |
18 Sep 1995 |
Cambodia |
3 Jun 1997 |
Kazakhstan |
24 Oct 2000 |
South Africa |
6 Dec 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro17 |
23 Jan 2003 |
Monaco |
31 Jul 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
22 Nov 2006 |
Montenegro |
11 Dec 2008
|
Samoa
|
27 Oct 2011
|
Tuvalu
|
16 Mar 2015
|
Marshall Islands
|
9 Feb 2016
|
Kiribati |
17 May 2018
|
Palestine
|
8 Mar 2019
|
Federated States of
Micronesia |
1 Apr 2019
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
17 Jan 2023
|
Palau
|
18 Aug 2023
|
South Sudan
|
4 Oct 2024
|
Solomon Islands
|
1Australia
withdrew 31 Dec 1988, rejoined 1 Jan 1992;
withdrew again 31 Dec 1997. 2Belgium
withdrew on 31 Dec 2015. 3from 1991
Belarus. 4Canada
withdrew 31 Dec 1993. 5from 2013
Cabo Verde. 6Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 7Denmark
withdrew 31 Dec 2016. 8East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 9France withdrew
31 Dec 2014. 10Greece
withdrew 31 Dec 2016.
11Portugal
withdrew 31 Dec 2014. 12Soviet Union dissolved
25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia. 13from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
14from
1991 Ukraine. 15U.K.
withdrew 31 Dec 2012. 16U.S.
withdrew 31 Dec 1996. 17Yugoslavia
expelled 2 Jul 1993, readmitted 6 Dec 2000; from
4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5
Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 18from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa).
19New Zealand withdrew
31 Dec 2013. 20Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990. 21until 21
Mar 1990 the United Nations Council for Namibia
(not recognized by South
Africa). 22from 2018
Eswatini. 23Lithuania
withdrew 31 Dec 2012. 24Slovakia
withdrew 31 Dec
2017. 25as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. |
United Nations Relief and Works Agency
for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
UNRWA website
|
Headquarters: Amman
(Jordan) and
Gaza City (Gaza Strip)
(Beirut, Lebanon 1950-1978; Vienna,
Austria 1978-1996)
|
8 Dec 1949
United Nations Relief
and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
in
the Near East (UNRWA) established, as a UN specialized
agency.
1 May 1950
Operations begin.
Commissioners-General
1 May 1950 - 30 Jun 1951 Howard
Kennedy (Canada)
(b. 1892 - d. 1967)
1 Jul 1951 - 7 Mar 1953
John Bennett Blandford, Jr. (U.S.) (b.
1898 - d. 1972)
7 Mar 1953 - 15 Jun 1954
Leslie J. Carver (U.K.)
(d. 1959)
(1st time) (acting)
15 Jun 1954 - 15 Jun 1958
Henry Richardson Labouisse (U.S.) (b.
1904 - d. 1987)
15 Jun 1958 - 15 Feb 1959 Leslie J.
Carver (U.K.)
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
15 Feb 1959 - 31 Dec 1963
John Herbert Davis (U.S.)
(b. 1904 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1964 - 14 May 1971
Laurence Victor Michelmore (U.S.)
(b. 1909 - d. 1997)
15 May 1971 - 31 Mar 1977 Sir John
Shaw Rennie (U.K.) (b.
1917 - d. 2002)
1 Apr 1977 - 15 Apr 1979
Thomas Watkins McElhiney (U.S.)
(b. 1919 - d. 1998)
15 Apr 1979 - 9 Jul 1979 Alan
J. Brown (U.K.) (acting)
9 Jul 1979 - 31 Oct
1985 Olof Rydbeck (Sweden)
(b. 1913 - d. 1995)
1 Nov 1985 - 28 Feb 1991
Giorgio Giacomelli (Italy)
(b. 1930 - d. 2017)
1 Mar 1991 - 29 Feb 1996
İlter Türkmen (Turkey)
(b. 1927 - d. 2022)
1 Mar 1996 - 31 Mar 2005
Peter Hansen (Denmark)
(b. 1941)
1 Apr 2005 - 31 Dec
2009 Karen Koning AbuZayd (f) (U.S.)
(b. 1941)
(acting to 28 Jun 2005)
1 Jan 2010 - 29 Mar 2014 Filippo
Grandi (Italy)
(b. 1957)
(acting to 20 Jan 2010)
30 Mar 2014 - 6 Nov 2019 Pierre
Krähenbühl
(Switzerland) (b.
1966)
6 Nov 2019 - 30 Mar 2020
Christian Saunders (U.K.)(interim) (b. 1961)
1 Apr 2020
-
Philippe Lazzarini (Switzerland) (b.
1964)
UNRWA Advisory Commission membership (30)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
8 Dec 1949
|
France, Turkey1,
United Kingdom, United States
|
13 Oct 1952
|
Syria
|
19 Dec 1952
|
Jordan
|
24 Feb 1953
|
Egypt
|
12 Feb 1954
|
Belgium
|
29 Dec 1954
|
Lebanon
|
13 Dec 1972
|
Japan
|
8 Dec 2005
|
Australia, Canada, Denmark,
Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Saudi
Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
|
18 Dec 2008
|
Finland, Ireland
|
10 Dec 2010
|
Kuwait
|
12 Jan 2012
|
Luxembourg
|
9 Dec
2014
|
Brazil, United Arab Emirates
|
7 Dec 2018
|
Qatar
|
10 Dec 2020
|
India
|
12 Nov 2024
|
Iraq
|
1from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
|
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration (UNRRA)
-
Headquarters: Washington, D.C. (U.S.)
|
9 Nov
1943
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
(UNRRA)
established,
as independent international relief agency.
24 Oct
1945
Made a specialized agency of the United Nations.
31 Mar 1949
Dissolved, functions transferred to
several UN agencies including
the International Refugee Organization (IRO).
Directors-general (all from U.S.)
1 Jan 1944 - 31 Mar 1946 Herbert H.
Lehman
(b. 1878 - d. 1963)
1 Apr 1946 - 31 Dec 1946 Fiorello
H. La Guardia
(b. 1882 - d.
1947)
1 Jan 1947 - 30 Sep 1948 Lowell Ward
Rooks
(b. 1893 - d. 1973)
1 Oct 1948 - 31 Mar 1949 Byron Price (acting)
(b. 1891 - d. 1981)
UNRRA membership (44)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
9 Nov 1943
|
Australia, Belgium, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France1, Greece,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iran,
Iraq, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, The
Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, The Philippines, Poland,
South Africa, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United
States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia |
1until
3 Jun 1944 represented by "Free"
French.
|
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
(from 1967) 1970 - 2007
|
Adopted
2007
|
UPU website
|
Headquarters: Berne
(Switzerland)
|
UPU Day: 9 Oct
(1874)
World Post Day
|
1 Jul
1875
General Postal Union (GPU) established.
1 Jun
1878
Universal Postal Union (Union Postale Universelle)(UPU).
1 Jul 1948
Made a specialized agency of the United Nations.
Directors (all from
Switzerland)
1875 - 14 Jun
1892
Eugène Borel
(b. 1835 - d. 1892)
1893 - 30 Jan
1899
Edmond Höhn
(b. 1838 - d. 1899)
1899 - 25 Oct
1919
Eugène Ruffy
(b. 1854 -
d. 1919)
1 Jan 1920 - 14 Jan 1925 Camille
Decoppet
(b. 1862 - d. 1925)
1925 -
1937
Evaristo
Garbani-Nerini
(b. 1867 - d. 1944)
1938 - 18 Nov
1944
Reinhold Furrer
(b. 1875 - d. 1944)
1945 -
1949
Alois Muri
(b. 1879 - d. 1971)
1950 -
1960
Fritz Hess
(b.
1895 - d. 1970)
1961 - 7 Jul
1964
Edouard Weber
(b. 1901 -
d. 1970)
Directors-general
7 Jul 1964 -
1966
Edouard Weber
(Switzerland)
(s.a.)
1967 - 20 Jan
1973
Michel Rahi
(Egypt)
(b. 1912 - d. 1973)
18 May 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Anthony H.
Ridge
(U.K.)
(b. 1913 - d. 2010)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1984 Muhammad
Ibrahim Sobhi (Egypt) (b. 1925)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1994 Adwaldo
Cardoso Botto de Barros (b. 1925 - d.
2015)
(Brazil)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2004 Thomas
Edward Leavey
(U.S.) (b.
1934)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2012 Édouard
Dayan
(France)
(b. 1943)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2021
Bishar Abdirahman Hussein (Kenya) (b. 1959)
1 Jan 2022
-
Masahiko Metoki (Japan)
(b. 1958)
UPU membership (192)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
1 Jul 1875 |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Romania, Russia1,
Serbia2,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey3, United
Kingdom, United States4
|
1 Jan 1876 |
France |
1 Jul 1876 |
India |
1 Jun 1877 |
Japan |
1 Jul 1877 |
Brazil |
1 Sep 1877 |
Persia5 |
1 Apr 1878 |
Argentina |
1 Jul 1878 |
Canada |
1 Jan 1879 |
Bulgaria |
1 Apr 1879 |
El Salvador, Honduras, Liberia, Mexico, Peru |
1 Jan 1880 |
Venezuela |
1 Jul 1880 |
Ecuador, Uruguay |
1 Oct 1880 |
Dominican Republic |
1 Jan 1881 |
Hawaii6 |
1 Apr 1881 |
Chile |
1 Jul 1881 |
Colombia, Haiti, Paraguay |
1 Aug 1881 |
Guatemala |
1 May 1882 |
Nicaragua |
1 Jan 1883 |
Costa Rica |
1 Jul 1885 |
Siam7 |
1 Jan 1886 |
Congo (Léopoldville)8 |
1 Apr 1886 |
Bolivia |
1 Jul 1888 |
Tunisia |
1 Jan 1893 |
South-African Republic9 |
1 Dec 1895 |
Zanzibar10 |
1 Jan 1898 |
Orange Free State11 |
1 Jan 1900 |
Korea12 |
1 Jul 1902 |
Crete13 |
4 Oct 1902 |
Cuba |
11 Jun 1904 |
Panama |
1 Oct 1907 |
Australia, New Zealand, South Africa14 |
1 Nov 1908 |
Ethiopia |
1 Mar 1914 |
China15 |
1 Jul 1915 |
San Marino |
12 Feb 1918 |
Finland |
1 May 1919 |
Poland |
15 Nov 1919 |
Iceland |
18 May 1920 |
Czechoslovakia16 |
1 Sep 1920 |
Saarland17 |
1 Oct 1920 |
Morocco, Tangier18 |
1 Oct 1921 |
Danzig19 |
24 Dec 1921 |
Yugoslavia2 |
1 Jan 1922 |
The Philippines |
1 Mar 1922 |
Albania |
6 Sep 1923 |
Ireland |
1 Jan 1927 |
Hejaz and Nejd20 |
1 Apr 1928 |
Afghanistan |
22 Apr 1929 |
Iraq |
1 Jun 1929 |
Vatican City |
1 Jan 1930 |
Yemen (Sana)21 |
12 May 1931 |
Lebanon, Syria22 |
13 May 1947 |
Byelorussian S.S.R.23,
Ukrainian S.S.R.24 |
16 May 1947 |
Jordan25 |
Sep 1947 |
Trieste26 |
10 Nov 1947 |
Pakistan |
20 Sep 1948 |
Indonesia |
13 Jul 1949 |
Ceylon27 |
4 Oct 1949 |
Burma28 |
17 Dec 1949 |
South Korea |
24 Dec 1949 |
Israel |
20 Oct 1951 |
Vietnam29 |
21 Dec 1951 |
Cambodia |
20 May 1952 |
Laos |
4 Jun 1952 |
Libya |
12 Oct 1955 |
Monaco |
27 Jul 1956 |
The Sudan |
11 Oct 1956 |
Nepal |
10 Oct 1957 |
Ghana |
17 Jan 1958 |
Malaya30 |
1 Apr 1959 |
Somalia |
6 May 1959 |
Guinea |
16 Feb 1960 |
Kuwait |
26 Jul 1960 |
Cameroon |
21 Apr 1961 |
Mali |
27 Apr 1961 |
Dahomey31 |
23 May 1961 |
Ivory Coast32 |
12 Jun 1961 |
Niger |
14 Jun 1961 |
Senegal |
23 Jun 1961 |
Chad |
28 Jun 1961 |
Central African Republic |
5 Jul 1961 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
10 Jul 1961 |
Nigeria |
17 Jul 1961 |
Gabon |
2 Nov 1961 |
Madagascar33 |
23 Nov 1961 |
Cyprus |
29 Jan 1962 |
Sierra Leone |
21 Mar 1962 |
Togo |
13 Apr 1962 |
Liechtenstein |
29 Mar 1963 |
Tanganyika10,
Upper Volta34 |
6 Apr 1963 |
Burundi, Rwanda |
14 Jun 1963 |
Dubai35 |
15 Jun 1963 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
24 Aug 1963 |
Mongolia |
29 Aug 1963 |
Jamaica |
13 Feb 1964 |
Uganda |
28 May 1964 |
Algeria |
27 Oct 1964 |
Kenya |
21 May 1965 |
Malta |
8 Jan 1966 |
Singapore |
25 Oct 1966 |
Malawi |
31 Dec 1966 |
Abu Dhabi35 |
22 Mar 1967 |
Guyana, Mauritania, Zambia |
15 Aug 1967 |
Maldives |
6 Sep 1967 |
Lesotho |
11 Nov 1967 |
Barbados |
12 Jan 1968 |
Botswana |
28 Jun 1968 |
Yemen (Aden)21 |
31 Jan 1969 |
Qatar |
7 Mar 1969 |
Bhutan |
17 Apr 1969 |
Nauru |
29 Aug 1969 |
Mauritius |
7 Nov 1969 |
Swaziland36 |
24 Jul 1970 |
Equatorial Guinea |
18 Jun 1971 |
Fiji |
17 Aug 1971 |
Oman |
26 Jan 1972 |
Tonga |
7 Feb 1973 |
Bangladesh |
30 Mar 1973 |
United Arab Emirates |
1 Jun 1973 |
East Germany37 |
21 Dec 1973 |
Bahrain |
24 Apr 1974 |
The Bahamas |
30 May 1974 |
Guinea-Bissau |
6 Jun 1974 |
North Korea |
9 Oct 1974 |
The Gambia |
20 Apr 1976 |
Suriname |
4 Jun 1976 |
Papua New Guinea |
29 Jul 1976 |
Comoros |
30 Sep 1976 |
Cape Verde38 |
3 Mar 1977 |
Angola |
22 Aug 1977 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
7 Oct 1977 |
Seychelles |
30 Jan 1978 |
Grenada |
6 Jun 1978 |
Djibouti |
11 Oct 1978 |
Mozambique |
31 Jan 1980 |
Dominica |
10 Jul 1980 |
Saint Lucia |
3 Feb 1981 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu |
31 Jul 1981 |
Zimbabwe |
16 Jul 1982 |
Vanuatu |
1 Oct 1982 |
Belize |
4 May 1984 |
Solomon Islands |
14 Aug 1984 |
Kiribati |
15 Jan 1985 |
Brunei Darussalam |
11 Jan 1988 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
9 Aug 1989 |
Western Samoa39 |
10 Jan 1992 |
Lithuania40 |
30 Apr 1992 |
Estonia41,
Namibia |
17 Jun 1992 |
Latvia42 |
20 Jul 1992 |
Croatia43 |
27 Aug 1992 |
Kazakhstan, Slovenia |
14 Sep 1992 |
Armenia |
16 Nov 1992 |
Moldova |
26 Jan 1993 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina44,
Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan |
18 Mar 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia45 |
1 Apr 1993 |
Azerbaijan, Georgia |
12 Jul 1993 |
Macedonia46 |
19 Aug 1993 |
Eritrea |
20 Jan 1994 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
24 Feb 1994 |
Uzbekistan |
9 Jun 1994 |
Tajikistan |
18 Jun 2001 |
Serbia and Montenegro2 |
28 Nov 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
26 Jul 2006 |
Montenegro47 |
4 Oct 2011
|
South Sudan
|
UN
member countries whose situation with regard
to the UPU has not yet been settled: Andorra,
Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall
Islands, and Palau.
|
UPU
extended to overseas dependencies of:
Australia on 1 Oct 1907; Denmark on 1 Jul 1875;
France on 1 Jul 1876; Germany on 1 Jun 1887;
Italy on 1 Jul 1904; Japan on 1 Jan 1922; The
Netherlands (incl. Aruba, Curaçao and Sint
Maarten) on 1 May 1877; New Zealand on 1 Oct
1907; Portugal on 1 Jul 1877; Spain on 1 May
1877; United Kingdom on 1 Apr 1877; and the
United States on 25 Feb 1900.
|
1from 30 Dec
1922 Soviet Union; dissolved 25 Dec 1991;
membership succeeded by Russia. 2Serbia as
Yugoslavia from 24 Dec 1921; Yugoslavia
not invited to UPU functions from 20 Oct
1998, officially readmitted 18 Jun 2001; from 4
Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun
2006 succeeded by Serbia. 3as
Ottoman Empire to 1920; from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4United
States letter of denunciation received
17 Oct 2018 (to be effective 17 Oct 2019),
intent to withdraw revoked 10 Oct 2019.
5from
1935 Iran. 6from
12 Aug 1898 part of United States. 7from 1941
Thailand. 8Congo
Free State to 1908; 1908-1960 Belgian Congo;
1960-1966 Congo (Léopoldville); 1966-71 and from
1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire;
independent UPU member from 1 Jul 1960. 9South
African Rep. was from 1900 British colony of
Transvaal; from 1910 part of South Africa. 10Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,
renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 11Orange
Free State from 1900 British Orange River
Colony; from 1910 part of South Africa. 12Korea
annexed to Japan 29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945. 13Crete from
30 May 1913 part of Greece. 14South
Africa was excluded 1964-1984; suspended 22 Jun
1984 - 22 Aug 1994, unconstitutionally expelled
18 Sep 1979 - 19 Jun 1981. 15the
Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China
until 13 Apr 1972, when the UPU voted to have
China represented by the People's Republic of
China; from 13 Apr 1972 Taiwan UPU status as
Taiwan province of China. 16Czechoslovakia
as Bohemia and Moravia 7 Oct 1939 - May 1945;
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 17Saarland
united with Germany 13 Jan 1935;
Saar reconstituted under French rule 31
Jul 1945-31 Dec 1956, united with
(West) Germany 1 Jan 1957. 18Tangier
under international administration
1912-1956, then part of Morocco. 19Danzig
Free City annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr
1945, then to Poland. 20Hejaz and
Nejd merged 1932 as Saudi Arabia. 21Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. 221958 -
1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic,
union of Egypt and Syria; in 29 Sep 1961 Syria
left the union and resumed its separate
membership. 23from
1991 Belarus. 24from
1991 Ukraine. 25to
1946 Transjordan. 26Trieste
Free Terrritory a member to Mar 1955; Anglo-US
zone part of Italy from 26 Oct 1954. 27from 1972
Sri Lanka. 28from
1989 Myanmar. 29from
2 Jul 1976 North Vietnam and South Vietnam
united as Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 30from 1963
Malaysia. 31from
1975 Benin. 32from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 33to 30 Dec
1975 Malagasy Republic. 34from 1984
Burkina Faso. 35Abu
Dhabi and Dubai memberships
transferred to United Arab Emirates 30
Mar 1973. 36from
2018 Eswatini. 37East
Germany from 3 Oct 1990 united with Federal
Republic of Germany. 38from 2013
Cabo Verde. 39from
1997 Samoa. 40Lithuania
former UPU member 1 Jan 1922 - 3 Aug 1940. 41Estonia
former UPU member 7 Jul 1922 - 6 Aug 1940. 42Latvia a
UPU former member 1 Oct 1921 - 5 Aug 1940. 43Croatia
former UPU member 7 Apr 1942 - May 1945. 44Bosnia and
Hercegovina former UPU member 1 Jul 1892 - 24
Dec 1921. 45Slovakia
former UPU member 17 Jun 1939 - Apr 1945. 46as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 47Montenegro former
UPU member 1 Jul 1875 - 1 Dec 1918; part of
Yugoslavia 1 Dec 1918 - 4 Feb 2003, as Serbia
and Montenegro 4 Feb 2003 - 5 Jun 2006.
|
Unrepresented Nations
and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
-
- 5 Aug 1991 - 24 Jun 2005
|
Adopted 24 Jun 2005
|
UNPO
website |
UNPO
Covenant
(11 Feb 1991) |
Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)
(The Hague, Netherlands
1991-2012?)
|
UNPO Day: 11
Feb (1991)
International Day
of Action
|
11 Feb
1991
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
formed.
Secretaries-general
11 Feb 1991 - 16 Mar 1998 Michael van
Walt van Praag (b. 1951)
(The Netherlands)
Jul 1997 - 16 Mar 1998
Tsering Jampa (Tibet)
(b. 1955)
(acting for van Praag)
16 Mar 1998 - 23 Oct 1999 Helen S.
Corbett (f)
(b. 1953)
(Australian Aboriginals)
23 Oct 1999 - 14 Nov 2003 Erkin Alptekin
(Uyghurs) (b. 1939)
(acting to 14 Feb 2001)
14 Nov 2003 - 31 Dec 2018 Marino
Busdachin (Italy)
(b.
1956 - d. 2023)
General Secretaries
1 Jan 2019 - Jan 2023 Ralph J.
Bunche III
(U.S.) (b.
1978)
Jan 2023
-
Mercè Monje Cano (f)(Catalonia)
(acting to 21 Apr 2023)
Chairmen of the General Assembly
Feb 1991 - Jan 1993
Linnart Mäll (Estonia)
(b. 1938 - d. 2010)
Jan 1993 - Jul 1997
Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs)
(s.a.)
Jul 1997 - Feb 2001
Seif Sharif Hamad (Zanzibar) (b.
1943 - d. 2021)
Feb 2001 - Jun 2005
John J. Nimrod (Assyrians)
(b. 1922 - d. 2009)
Jun 2005 - 28 Oct 2006 Göran
Hansson (Scania/Sweden) (b. 1941)
Presidents of the General Assembly
28 Oct 2006 - 28 May 2010 Ledum Mitee
(Ogoni)
(b. 1957)
28 May 2010 - 4 Jul 2015 Ngawang
Choephel Dralmargyapon (b. 1966 - d.
2019)
(Tibet)
4 Jul 2015 - 27 Mar
2022 Nasser Boladai (West Balochistan) (b.
1965)
27 Mar 2022 - 10 May 2024 Edna Adan Ismail
(f)(Somaliland) (b. 1937)
(= Adna Aadan Ismaaciil)
10 May 2024
-
Rubina Noor Shaikh Greenwood
(f) (b. 1971)
(Sindh)
Executive Directors
19 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec
2002 Karl von Habsburg (Austria)
(b. 1961)
1 Oct 2021 - 21 Apr 2023 Mercè Monje Cano
(f)(Catalonia)
UNPO membership (39)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations and Peoples (followed by nation states
within) |
11 Feb 1991 |
Aboriginals of Australia
(Australia)1,
Armenia2,
Belau (Palau [U.S.])3,
Cordillera (Philippines)4,
Crimean Tatars (Ukraine/Russia), East
Turkestan (China), Estonia5, Georgia6, Greek
Minority in Albania (Albania)7, Iraqi
Kurdistan (Iraq)8, Latvia9, Taiwan
(China), Tatarstan (Russia)10, Tibet
(China), West Papua
(Indonesia)11 |
6 Aug 1991 |
Abkhazia (Georgia)12, Acheh
(Indonesia)13,
Assyria (Iraq, Syria, Türkiye),
Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)14, Chechen
Republic of Ichkeria (Russia)15,
Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh),
Iraqi Turkmen (Iraq)16, Kosova
(Serbia)17,
Mari (Russia)18,
South Moluccas (Indonesia)19, Zanzibar
(Tanzania)20 |
17 Jan 1993 |
Batwa (Rwanda)21, Chuvash
(Russia)22,
East Timor23,
Inkeri (Russia)24,
Komi (Russia)25,
Sanjak (Serbia, Montenegro)26, Udmurt
(Russia)27 |
19 Jan 1993 |
Karenni State (Myanmar)28, Mapuche
(Argentina, Chile)29,
Nagalim (India, Myanmar), Ogoni
(Nigeria), Scania (Sweden)30 |
24 Jan 1993
|
Khalistan (India, Pakistan)31
|
3 Aug 1993 |
Kalahui Hawai'i (U.S.)32, Sakha
(Russia)33 |
16 Apr 1994 |
Albanians in Macedonia
(North Macedonia)34,
Circassia (Russia)35,
Gagauzia (Moldova)36 |
30 Jul 1994 |
Hungarian Minority in
Romania (Romania)37,
Ingushetia (Russia)38,
Lakota Nation (U.S.)39, Maohi
(French Polynesia)40 |
8 Jun 1995 |
Chameria
(Greece)41
|
3 Feb 1996 |
Bashkortostan (Russia)42, Buryatia
(Russia)43,
Mon (Myanmar)44,
Tuva (Russia)45 |
17 Apr 1997 |
Cabinda (Angola)46, Kumyk
(Russia)47,
Shan (Myanmar)48 |
23 Sep 1998 |
Nuxalk Nation (Canada)49, Rusyn
(Ukraine)50 |
15 Jul 2001 |
Chin (Myanmar)51,
Khmer Krom (Vietnam) |
19 Jan 2002 |
Sindh (Pakistan) |
14 Nov 2003 |
Ahwazi (Iran),
Degar-Montagnards (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)52, Vhavenda
(South Africa)53 |
19 Dec 2004 |
Buffalo River Dene Nation (Canada)54, Maasai
(Kenya)55,
Nahua Del Alto Balsas (Mexico)56, Oromo
(Ethiopia), Somaliland
(Somalia), Southern Cameroons
(Cameroon)57
|
26 Jun 2005 |
Talysh (Azerbaijan/Iran)58, West
Balochistan (Iran) |
2 Feb 2007
|
Hmong (Laos),
Iranian Kurdistan (Iran), Rehoboth
Basters (Namibia), Southern
Azerbaijan (Iran), Southern
Mongolia
(China)59,
Tsimshian (Canada)60
|
1 Mar 2008
|
Balochistan
(Pakistan)
|
15 May 2008
|
Afrikaners
(South Africa), Burma61
|
20 Sep 2008
|
Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan)
|
6 Feb 2010
|
Ogaden (Ethiopia)
|
26 Sep 2010
|
Moro (Philippines)62 |
18 Sep 2011
|
Haratin (Mauritania)
|
7 Jul 2012
|
Lezghin (Dagestan
[Russia])63
|
22 Nov 2013
|
Barotseland
(Zambia)
|
29 Jun 2014
|
Savoy (France)
|
28 Nov 2014
|
Amazigh (North Africa)64,
Sulu (Philippines)65, Trieste
(Italy/Slovenia/Croatia)66 |
1 Jul 2015
|
Brittany (France)
|
6 Nov 2015
|
District of Columbia
(U.S.)
|
29 Apr 2016
|
South Arabia (South Yemen)67 |
13 May 2017
|
Bellah People (Mali)68,
Kabylia (Algeria)
|
14 Oct 2017
|
Madhesh (Nepal)69
|
31 Oct 2017
|
Western Togoland
(Ghana)
|
28 Mar 2018
|
Ambazonia (Cameroon)70
|
14 Dec 2018
|
Catalonia (Spain)
|
28 Jan 2019
|
Latin American Indigenous
Peoples (Project)71 |
31 Jul 2020
|
Biafra (Nigeria), Guam
(U.S.), Yoruba (Nigeria), Zambesia
(Botswana/Namibia)
|
21 Apr 2023
|
Niger Delta (Nigeria)
|
11 May 2024
|
Annobón (Equatorial Guinea)
|
1Aboriginals
of Australia membership suspended 7 Jul 2012. 2Armenia
withdrew 2 Mar 1992. 3Belau
(Palau) withdrew 15 Dec 1994. 4Cordillera
membership suspended 6 Nov 2015. 5Estonia
withdrew 17 Sep 1991. 6Georgia
withdrew 31 Jul 1992. 7Greek
Minority in Albania membership
suspended 7 Jul 2012. 8Iraqi
Kurdistan
membership
discontinued 1
Jul 2015. 9Latvia
withdrew 17
Sep 1991. 10Tatarstan
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008. 11West
Papua membership
suspended 20
Sep 2008,
re-admitted 22
Nov 2013.
12Abkhazia
a member until
2023.
13Acheh
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008,
re-admitted 28
Jun 2014. 14Bougainville
membership discontinued 1
Mar 2008. 15Chechen
Republic of Ichkeria membership
suspended 25 Sep 2010. 16Iraqi
Turkmen membership
discontinued 27 Nov 2016. 17Kosovoa
(Kosovo) membership
discontinued 24 Mar
2018. 18Mari
membership
discontinued 1 Mar
2008. 19South
Moluccas
membership
suspended 6
Nov 2015,
re-admitted
29 Apr 2016. 20Zanzibar
membership
suspended 1
Jul 2015. 21Batwa
a member 17
Jan 1993 - Dec
2019. 22Chuvash
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008. 23East
Timor withdrew
27 Sep 2002.
24Inkeri
membership
suspended
9 Oct 2009.
25Komi
membership
suspended
9 Oct 2009. 26Sanjak
membership
suspended 18
Sep 2011. 27Udmurt
membership
suspended 6
Jul 2013. 28Karenni
State
membership
suspended 7
Jul 2012.
29Mapuche
membership
suspended 29
Apr 2016. 30Scania
membership
suspended 18
Sep 2011. 31Khalistan
(represented
by Council
of Khalistan)
membership
discontinued
4 Aug 1993,
suspension
made permanent
22 Jan 1995. 32Kalahui
Hawai'i
membership
suspended 7
Jul 2012. 33Sakha
withdrew 30
Jun 1998. 34Albanians
in Macedonia
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008.
35Circassia
membership suspended
6 Nov 2015.
36Gagauzia
membership
discontinued 1
Dec 2007. 37Hungarian
Minority in
Romania
membership
discontinued
2015.
383Ingushetia
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008. 39Lakota
Nation
membership
discontinued 1
Dec 2007. 40Maohi
membership
discontinued 1
Dec 2007.
41Chameria
previously
admitted 8 Jun
1995,
suspended 28
Oct 1996;
rejoined 26
Jun 2017,
withdrew Dec
2019. 42Bashkortostan
withdrew 30
Jun 1998. 43Buryatia
membership
suspended 13
Feb 2010. 44Mon
membership
suspended 7
Jul 2012. 45Tuva
membership suspended 13 Feb
2010. 46Cabinda
membership suspended 18 Sep 2011. 47Kumyk
membership discontinued 1 Mar
2008. 48Shan
membership
suspended 6 Feb 2010. 49Nuxalk
Nation membership
discontinued 1 Mar 2008. 50Rusyn
membership discontinued 1 Dec 2007. 51Chin
membership
suspended 26 Nov
2016. 52Degar-Montagnards
membership
suspended 29
Apr 2016. 53Vhavenda
membership
suspended 1
Jul 2015. 54Buffalo
River Dene
Nation
membership
suspended
9 Oct 2009. 55Maasai
membership
suspended 7
Jul 2012. 56Nahua
Del Alto
Balsas
(represented
by the Consejo
de Pueblos
Nahua Del Alto
Balsas) membership
suspended 20
Sep 2008. 57Southern
Cameroons
membership
suspended 28
Nov 2014; readmitted
as Ambazonia
28 Mar 2018.
58Talysh
membership
discontinued 1
Mar 2008,
re-admitted 28
Jun 2014,
discontinued
2020? 59named
Inner Mongolia
2007-2015.
60Tsimshian
membership suspended
18 Sep 2011. 61Burma
(represented by the National Council of the
Union of Burma) membership
suspended 13 Feb 2010. 62Moro
membership
suspended 28 Nov 2014.
63Lezghin
membership discontinued 30
Oct 2023. 64Amazigh
membership
suspended 26 Nov
2016. 65Sulu
membership
discontinued 30
Oct 2023. 66Trieste
no longer a
UNPO member by
2018.
67South
Arabia
suspended from
Oct? 2017.
68Bellah
People membership
discontinued 30 Oct 2023,
re-admitted 2024. 69Madhesh
membership discontinued 30 Oct 2023. 70Ambazonia
membership
withdrawn 7 Jun 2021. 71Latin
American Indigenous Peoples a UNPO project to
2020?. |
Warsaw Treaty Organization
(Warsaw Pact)
Badge (No Flag Adopted)
|
|
|
Warsaw
Security Pact
(14 May 1955)
|
Headquarters:
Moscow
(Soviet Union)
|
WTO Day: 1
May (1955)
May Day
|
14 May
1955
"Warsaw
Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual
Assistance" signed (ratified by Soviet Union 25
May 1955,
entered into force 4 Jun 1955).
4 Jun
1955
Warsaw Treaty Organization
26 Nov
1976
Joint secretariat established.
26 Apr
1985
Protocol on the extension signed.
1 Apr
1991
Dissolution of military structures.
1
Jul
1991
Dis-establishment. "Protocol on the termination of Treaty
on
Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance", calling
for a
"transition to all-European structures" signed (entered
into
force 18 Feb 1993).
Secretaries-general
of the Political Consultative Committee
4 Jun 1955 - 24 May 1958
Aleksey Innokentyevich Antonov (b.
1896 - d. 1962)
(Soviet Union)
24 May
1958 - 4 Feb 1960 Nikolay
Semyonovich Patolichev
(b. 1908 - d. 1989)
(Soviet Union)
4 Feb 1960 - 12 Feb
1983 Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin
(b. 1908 - d.
1983)
(Firiubin) (Soviet Union)
5 Jan 1983 - 6 Jan
1983 Dušan Spáčil (Czechoslovakia)
(b. 1929 - d. 2003)
(acting for Firyubin)
12 Feb 1983 - 22 Oct 1985 Vacant
22 Oct 1985 - 23 Oct 1985 Mariy
Antonov Ivanov (Bulgaria) (b. 1919
- d. 1997)
23 Oct 1985 - 11 Jun 1986
Miklós Barity (Hungary)
(b. 1929)
11 Jun 1986 - 29 May 1987 Herbert
Krolikowski (East Germany) (b. 1924 - d. 2012)
29 May 1987 - 16
Jul 1988 Henryk Jaroszek (Poland)
(b. 1926 - d. 2015)
16 Jul
1988 - 8 Jul 1989 Constantin Oancea
(Romania) (b. 1928)
8 Jul 1989
- 7 Jun 1990 Ivan Pavlovich Aboimov
(b. 1936 - d. 2022)
(Soviet Union)
7 Jun 1990
- 1 Jul 1991 Zdeněk Matějka
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1935 - d. 2024)
Commanders-in-chief of the Unified Armed Forces
(all from Soviet Union)
14
May 1955 - 23 Jul 1960 Ivan Stepanovich
Konev
(b. 1897 - d. 1973)
23
Jul 1960 - 7 Jul 1967 Andrey Antonovich
Grechko
(b. 1903 - d. 1976)
7
Jul 1967 - 30 Nov 1976 Ivan Ignatyevich
Yakubovskiy (b. 1912 -
d. 1976)
8
Jan 1977 - 2 Feb 1989 Viktor Georgiyevich
Kulikov (b. 1921
- d. 2013)
2
Feb 1989 - 26 Apr 1991 Pyotr Georgiyevich
Lushev
(b. 1923 - d. 1997)
Warsaw Pact membership 1955-1991
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
14 May 1955 |
Albania1,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany2,
Hungary3,
Poland, Romania, Soviet Union |
1Albania
non-participatory from 12 Dec 1961, withdrew 12
Sep 1968. 2East
Germany withdrew 24 Sep 1990. 3Hungary
announced withdrawal 1 Nov 1956, withdrawal is
cancelled 7 Nov 1956.
|
Western European Union (WEU)
![[Western Union
Defence Organization 1949-1951] [Western Union Defence
Organization 1949-1951]](eu-wudo1.gif)
1949 - 20 Dec 1950 WUDO |
1990 - 26 Oct 1993
WEU |
26 Oct 1993 - 30 Jun 2011 WEU
|
WEU former
website
|
Headquarters:
Brussels
(Belgium); (WEU Assembly - Paris,
France)
(WUDO: London, U.K. and
Fontainebleau, France
1948-1950)
|
28 Sep 1948 – 20 Dec 1950 Western Union Defence
Organization (WUDO), also referred to
as the Brussels Treaty Organization (BTO), established
by the
"Brussels Treaty" of 17 Mar 1948.
20 Dec
1950
WUDO is merged into NATO.
23 Oct
1954
Western European Union founded.
6 May
1955
Charter effective.
30 Jun 2011
WEU dissolved.
Secretary-general of
the Western Union Defence Organization
1948 - 1950
Sir Howard George Charles
Mallaby (b. 1902 - d. 1978)
(U.K.)
Chairman, Commander-in-chiefs Committee of the Western
Union Defence Organization
5 Oct 1948 - 20 Dec 1950 Bernard Law
Montgomery, Viscount (b. 1887 – d. 1976)
Montgomery of Alamein (U.K.)
Secretaries-general of
the Western European Union
7 May 1955 - 14 Dec
1962 Louis Alexandre Marie Goffin
(b. 1904 - d. 1975)
(Belgium)
15 Dec 1962 - 31 Dec 1970 Maurice Iweins
d'Eeckhoutte (b.
1904 - d. 1976)
(Belgium)
1 Jan 1971 - 30 Sep
1974 Georges Heisbourg
(Luxembourg) (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
20 Oct 1974 - 24 Feb
1977 Friedrich-Karl von Plehwe (acting) (b. 1912 -
d. 1989)
(West Germany)
1 Mar 1977 - 31 May
1985 Frederic Theodoor Edouard
(b. 1919 - d. 1986)
Longerstaey (Belgium)
17 Jun 1985 - 11 May 1989 Alfred Cahen
(Belgium)
(b. 1929 - d. 2000)
15 May 1989 - 15 Nov
1994 Willem "Wim" Frederik van Eekelen (b.
1931)
(The Netherlands)
16 Nov 1994 - 24 Nov
1999 José Pires Cutileiro
(Portugal) (b. 1934 - d. 2020)
25 Nov 1999 - 24 Nov 2009
Francisco Javier Solana de
(b. 1942)
Madariaga (Spain)
25 Nov 2009 - 30 Jun 2011 Arnaud Marie Pierre
André Jacomet (b. 1946 - d. 2011)
(France)
Presidents of the Western European Union Assembly
5 Jul 1955 - 6 May 1957 John
Scott Maclay (U.K.)
(b. 1905 - d. 1992)
6 May 1957 - 15 Jun 1959 Sir James
Riley Holt Hutchison, (b. 1893 - d. 1979)
Baron Hutchison, of Rossie in
the County of Perth (U.K.)
15 Jun 1959 - 29 May 1961 Vittorio Badini
Confalonieri (b. 1914 - d. 1993)
(Italy) (1st time)
29 May 1961 - 15 Jan 1963 Arthur Conte
(France)
(b. 1920 - d. 2013)
4 Jun 1963 - 13 Dec 1966 Carlo
Schmid (West Germany) (b.
1896 - d. 1979)
13 Dec 1966 - 17 Jun 1969
Vittorio Badini Confalonieri
(s.a.)
(Italy) (2nd time)
17 Jun 1969 - 5 Jun 1972 Georges
Housiaux (Belgium) (b. 1914
- d. 1989)
5 Jun 1972 - 18 Jun 1974 William
John Peel (U.K.)
(b. 1912 - d. 2004)
(from 1 Jan 1973, Sir William John Peel)
18 Jun 1974 - 20 Jun 1977 Edmond Nessler
(France) (b.
1907 - d. 2004)
20 Jun 1977 - 2 Jun 1980 Kai-Uwe von
Hassel (West Germany) (b. 1913 - d. 1997)
20 Jun 1980 - 6 Jun 1983 Frederick
"Fred" Mulley (U.K.) (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
6 Jun 1983 - 15 Mar 1984 Alfredo De
Poi (Italy)
(b. 1945 - d. 2010)
15 Mar 1984 - 18 Jun 1984 Lucien Pignion
(France)(acting) (b. 1914 - d.
1989)
18 Jun 1984 - 1 Jun
1987 Jean-Marie Caro (France)
(b. 1929 - d. 2014)
1 Jun 1987 - 5 Jun 1990
Charles Goerens (Luxembourg)
(b. 1952)
5 Jun 1990 - 20 Mar 1992 Robert
Pontillon (France) (b.
1921 - d. 1992)
20 Mar 1992 - 1 Jun 1992 Giuseppe
Sinesio (Italy)(acting) (b. 1921 - d. 2002)
1 Jun 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 Hartmut
Soell (Gemany)
(b. 1939 - d. 2023)
14 Jun 1993 - 31 Dec 1996 Sir Dudley
Gordon Smith (U.K.) (b. 1926 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1999 Lluís
María de Puig i Olivé (Spain)(b. 1945
- d. 2012)
President of the Interim European
Security and Defense Assembly
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2002 Klaus
Bühler (Germany)
(b. 1941 - d. 2021)
Presidents of the
Inter-Parliamentary European
Security and Defense Assembly
1 Jan 2003 - 2 Jul 2003
Jan Dirk Blaauw (The Netherlands) (b. 1941 -
d. 2020)
3 Jul 2003 - 2 Dec 2003 Marcel
Glesener (Luxembourg) (b. 1937)
(1st time) (acting)
2 Dec 2003 - 19 Jul
2004 Armand De Decker (Belgium)
(b. 1948 - d. 2019)
20 Jul 2004 - 1 Dec 2004
Marcel Glesener (Luxembourg)
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
1 Dec 2004 - 7
Dec 2005 Emiel Stefaan "Stef" Germaan Marie (b.
1960)
Goris (Belgium)
7 Dec 2005 - 3 Dec 2008
Jean-Pierre Masseret (France)
(b. 1944)
President of the European
Security and Defense Assembly
3 Dec 2008 - 10 May 2011 Robert "Bob" John
Walter (U.K.) (b. 1948)
WEU membership
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
23 Oct 1954 |
Belgium1,
France1,
West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg1,
The Netherlands1,
United Kingdom1 |
27 Mar 1990 |
Portugal, Spain |
6 Mar 1995 |
Greece |
1member of the
WUDO 28 Sep 1948 - 20 Dec 1950
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members
|
20 Nov 1992
|
Iceland, Norway, Turkey
|
23 Mar 1999
|
Czech Reublic, Hungary,
Poland
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Partners
|
9 May 1994
|
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia
|
25 Jun 1996
|
Slovenia
|
World Bank (International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development)
27 Dec
1945
Articles of Agreement (adopted by the Bretton Woods
Conference 22 Jul 1944) become effective.
25 Jun
1946
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD)
(World Bank) begins operations.
Presidents (all from U.S. except as noted)
18 Jun 1946 - 17 Mar 1947 Eugene Isaac
Meyer
(b. 1875 - d. 1959)
17 Mar 1947 - 1 Jul 1949 John Jay
McCloy
(b. 1895 - d. 1989)
1 Jul 1949 - 1 Jan 1963
Eugene Robert Black, Sr.
(b. 1898 - d. 1992)
1 Jan 1963 - 1 Apr 1968
George David
Woods
(b. 1901 - d. 1982)
1 Apr 1968 - 1 Jul 1981
Robert Strange
McNamara
(b. 1916 - d. 2009)
1 Jul 1981 - 1 Jul 1986 Alden
Winship "Tom"
Clausen (b.
1923 - d. 2013)
1 Jul 1986 - 1 Sep 1991
Barber Benjamin Conable, Jr.
(b. 1922 - d. 2003)
1 Sep 1991 - 4 May 1995 Lewis
Thompson
Preston
(b. 1926 - d. 1995)
1 Feb 1995 - 31 May 1995 Ernest
"Ernie" Stern
(b. 1933 - d. 2019)
(acting [for Preston to 4 May 1995])
1 Jun 1995 - 1 Jun 2005 James
David
Wolfensohn
(b. 1933 - d. 2020)
1 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2007 Paul
Dundes
Wolfowitz
(b. 1943)
1 Jul 2007 - 1 Jul 2012 Robert Bruce
Zoellick
(b. 1953)
1 Jul 2012 - 1 Feb 2019 Jim Young Kim
(b. 1959)
1 Feb 2019 - 9 Apr 2019 Kristalina Ivanova
Georgieva-
(b. 1953)
Kinova
(f)(Bulgaria) (acting)
9 Apr 2019 - 2 Jun 2023 David Robert
Malpass
(b. 1956)
2 Jun 2023
-
Ajay Singh Banga
(b. 1959)
World Bank membership (189)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
27 Dec 1945 |
Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, China1,
Czechoslovakia2,
Egypt, Ethiopia, France,
Greece, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iraq,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, The
Philippines, South Africa, United Kingdom,
United States, Yugoslavia3 |
28 Dec 1945 |
Dominican Republic4, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Paraguay |
29 Dec 1945 |
Iran |
31 Dec 1945 |
Chile, Mexico, Peru |
8 Jan 1946 |
Costa Rica |
10 Jan 1946 |
Poland5 |
14 Jan 1946 |
Brazil |
11 Mar 1946 |
Uruguay |
14 Mar 1946 |
Cuba6,
El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama |
30 Mar 1946 |
Denmark |
24 Dec 1946 |
Colombia |
30 Dec 1946 |
Venezuela |
11 Mar 1947 |
Turkey7 |
27 Mar 1947 |
Italy |
10 Apr 1947 |
Syria8 |
14 Apr 1947 |
Lebanon |
5 Aug 1947 |
Australia |
14 Jan 1948 |
Finland |
27 Aug 1948 |
Austria |
3 May 1949 |
Thailand |
11 Jul 1950 |
Pakistan |
29 Aug 1950 |
Ceylon9 |
31 Aug 1951 |
Sweden |
3 Jan 1952 |
Burma10 |
13 Aug 1952 |
Japan |
14 Aug 1952 |
(West) Germany |
29 Aug 1952 |
Jordan |
8 Sep 1953 |
Haiti |
15 Apr 1954 |
Indonesia |
12 Jul 1954 |
Israel |
14 Jul 1955 |
Afghanistan |
26 Aug 1955 |
South Korea |
20 Sep 1956 |
Argentina |
21 Sep 1956 |
Vietnam11 |
8 Aug 1957 |
Ireland |
26 Aug 1957 |
Saudi Arabia |
5 Sep 1957 |
The Sudan |
20 Sep 1957 |
Ghana |
7 Mar 1958 |
Malaya12 |
14 Apr 1958 |
Tunisia |
25 Apr 1958 |
Morocco |
15 Sep 1958 |
Spain |
17 Sep 1958 |
Libya |
29 Mar 1961 |
Portugal |
30 Mar 1961 |
Nigeria |
5 Jul 1961 |
Laos |
31 Aug 1961 |
New Zealand |
6 Sep 1961 |
Nepal |
21 Dec 1961 |
Cyprus |
28 Mar 1962 |
Liberia |
1 Aug 1962 |
Togo |
31 Aug 1962 |
Senegal, Somalia |
10 Sep 1962 |
Sierra Leone, Tanganyika13 |
13 Sep 1962 |
Kuwait |
21 Feb 1963 |
Jamaica |
11 Mar 1963 |
Ivory Coast14 |
24 Apr 1963 |
Niger |
2 May 1963 |
Upper Volta15 |
10 Jul 1963 |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey16 |
10 Sep 1963 |
Gabon, Mauritania |
16 Sep 1963 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
25 Sep 1963 |
Madagascar17 |
26 Sep 1963 |
Algeria |
27 Sep 1963 |
Mali, Uganda |
28 Sep 1963 |
Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa)18, Guinea |
30 Sep 1963 |
Rwanda |
3 Feb 1964 |
Kenya |
19 Jul 1965 |
Malawi |
23 Sep 1965 |
Zambia |
3 Aug 1966 |
Singapore |
26 Sep 1966 |
Guyana |
18 Oct 1967 |
The Gambia |
24 Jul 1968 |
Botswana |
25 Jul 1968 |
Lesotho |
23 Sep 1968 |
Mauritius |
22 Sep 1969 |
Swaziland19 |
3 Oct 1969 |
Yemen (Aden)20 |
22 May 1970
|
Yemen (Sana)20
|
1 Jul 1970 |
Equatorial Guinea |
22 Jul 1970 |
Cambodia |
28 May 1971 |
Fiji |
23 Dec 1971 |
Oman |
17 Aug 1972 |
Bangladesh |
15 Sep 1972 |
Bahrain |
22 Sep 1972 |
United Arab Emirates |
25 Sep 1972 |
Qatar |
15 Dec 1972 |
Romania |
21 Aug 1973 |
The Bahamas |
28 Jun 1974 |
Western Samoa21 |
12 Sep 1974 |
Barbados |
27 Aug 1975 |
Grenada |
9 Oct 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
28 Oct 1976 |
Comoros |
24 Mar 1977 |
Guinea-Bissau |
30 Sep 1977 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
13 Jan 1978 |
Maldives |
27 Jun 1978 |
Suriname |
22 Sep 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
20 Nov 1978 |
Cape Verde22 |
27 Jun 1980 |
Saint Lucia |
29 Sep 1980 |
Dominica, Seychelles, Zimbabwe |
1 Oct 1980 |
Djibouti |
28 Sep 1981 |
Bhutan, Vanuatu |
19 Mar 1982 |
Belize |
7 Jul 1982 |
Hungary |
31 Aug 1982 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
22 Sep 1983 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
26 Sep 1983 |
Malta |
15 Aug 1984 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
24 Aug 1984 |
Mozambique |
13 Sep 1985 |
Tonga |
29 Sep 1986 |
Kiribati |
19 Sep 1989 |
Angola |
25 Sep 1990 |
Bulgaria, Namibia |
14 Feb 1991 |
Mongolia |
15 Oct 1991 |
Albania |
21 May 1992 |
Marshall Islands |
29 May 1992 |
Switzerland |
16 Jun 1992 |
Russia |
23 Jun 1992 |
Estonia |
6 Jul 1992 |
Lithuania |
10 Jul 1992 |
Belarus |
23 Jul 1992 |
Kazakhstan |
7 Aug 1992 |
Georgia |
11 Aug 1992 |
Latvia |
12 Aug 1992 |
Moldova |
3 Sep 1992 |
Ukraine |
16 Sep 1992 |
Armenia |
18 Sep 1992 |
Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan |
21 Sep 1992 |
Uzbekistan |
22 Sep 1992 |
Turkmenistan |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
25 Feb 1993 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina,
Croatia, Macedonia23, Slovenia |
4 Jun 1993 |
Tajikistan |
24 Jun 1993 |
Federated States of
Micronesia |
6 Jul 1994 |
Eritrea |
10 Oct 1995 |
Brunei Darussalam |
16 Dec 1997 |
Palau |
21 Sep 2000 |
San Marino |
8 May 2001 |
Serbia and Montenegro3 |
23 Jul 2002 |
East Timor24 |
18 Jan 2007
|
Montenegro
|
29 Jun 2009
|
Kosovo
|
24 Jun 2010
|
Tuvalu
|
18 Apr 2012
|
South Sudan
|
12 Apr 2016
|
Nauru
|
1Republic
of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 May
1980, when the World Bank voted to have China
represented by the People's Republic of China. 2Czechoslovakia
expelled 5 Jan 1955; rejoined 20 Sep 1990;
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1
Jan 1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia. 3Yugoslavia
expelled 25 Feb 1993; readmitted 8 May 2001;
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on
5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 4Dominican
Republic withdrew 1 Dec 1960; rejoined 18
Sep 1961. 5Poland
withdrew 14 Mar 1950; rejoined 27 Jun 1986. 6Cuba withdrew
14 Nov 1960. 7from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
81958-1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria. Syria left World Bank 18 Jul
1958; on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the
U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on 2
Nov 1961.9
from 1972 Sri Lanka. 10from 1989
Myanmar. 11Republic
of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of
South Vietnam; from 23 Aug 1976 Socialist
Republic of Vietnam. 12from 1963
Malaysia. 13from
1964 Tanzania. 14from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 15from 1984
Burkina Faso. 16from
1975 Benin. 17to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. 18Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 19from 2018
Eswatini. 20Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as
Yemen. 21from
1997 Samoa. 22from 2013
Cabo Verde. 23as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 24from
2003 Timor-Leste. |
World Council of Churches
(WCC): see under Religious
Organizations
World Court: see International
Court of Justice (ICJ)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
Adopted 1993
|
WCO website
|
Headquarters:
Brussels
(Belgium)
|
WCO Day: 26
Jan (1953)
International Customs Day
|
4 Nov 1952
Customs Cooperation Council
(CCC).
22 Jun 1994
World Customs Organization (WCO) adopted as
working name.
Secretaries-general
2 Feb 1953 - 1 Aug 1953 Baron François
de Sélys Longchamps (b. 1910 - d. 1958)
(Belgium)
2 Aug 1953 - 31 Aug 1978 Chevalier Georges
Annez de Taboada (b. 1913 - d. 1997)
(Belgium)
1 Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1983 Sir Ronald Walter
Radford (U.K.) (b. 1916 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1988 Glenn Robert
Dickerson (U.S.) (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1993 Thomas Plunkett Hayes
(Australia) (b. 1937)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1998 James Wayne Shaver
(U.S.)
(b. 1935 - d. 2022)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 2008 Michel Danet (France)
(b. 1941 -
d. 2009)
1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2023 Kunio Mikuriya
(Japan) (b.
1954)
1 Jan 2024
-
Ian Saunders (U.S.)
Chairmen of the Council
26 Jan 1953 - 14 Jun 1954 Georges DeGois (France)
(b. 1894 - d.
1963)
14 Jun 1954 - 25 Nov 1957 Arthur David Kemp
Owen (U.K.) (b. 1904 - d. 1970)
25 Nov 1957 - 30 Nov 1959 Willem Hendrik
van den Berge (b. 1905 - d.
1987)
(The
Netherlands)
30 Nov 1959 - 5 Dec 1961 Knud Korst (Denmark)
(b. 1894
- d. 1962)
5 Dec 1961 - 4 Dec 1962 Josef
Stangelberger (Austria) (b. 1898 - d.
1993)
4 Dec 1962 - 1 Dec 1964 Philippe
Waldruche de Montremy (b. 1913 - d.
1994)
(France)
1 Dec 1964 - 1 Jun 1965 Sir John
Anderson
(U.K.)
(b. 1908? - d. 1965)
1 Jun 1965 - 30 Nov 1965 Ayodele Diyan
(Nigeria) (acting) (b. 1914? - d. 1968)
30 Nov 1965 - 30 Jun 1967 Charles Lenz
(Switzerland)
(b. 1912 - d. 2008)
1 Jul 1967 - 30 Jun 1969 Bartholomew "Batt"
Culligan (b.
1913? - d. 1996)
(Ireland)
1 Jul 1969 - 30 Jun 1970 Víctor
Castro Sanmartín (Spain) (b. 1917 - d. 2004)
1 Jul 1970 - 30 Jun 1972 Lennart Eriksson (Sweden)
(b. 1922 - d. 2016)
1 Jul 1972 - 30 Jun 1974 Hans Hutter (West
Germany)
(b. c.1920)
1 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1976 Shri Jasjit Singh
(India)
1 Jul 1976 - 30 Jun 1978 Jiří Brož
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1929 - d.
2010)
1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1980 Jack Alexander McLeod
Kean (b. 1921 - d. 1987)
(New Zealand)
1 Jul 1980 - 30 Jun 1982 James Peter
Connell (Canada) (b. 1926 - d. 2012)
1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1984 Jacques Campet
(France) (b. 1927
- d. 2008)
1 Jul 1984 - 30 Jun 1986 Jorma Uitto
(Finland)
(b. 1921 - d. 2009)
1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1987 Hubert
Ndzomo Ndzana (Cameroon)
1 Jul 1987 - 30 Jun 1988 Abubakar Musa
(Nigeria)
1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1989 Björn Gustaf Eriksson
(Sweden) (b. 1945)
1 Jul 1989 - 30 Jun 1991 Humberto Ríos
Rodríguez (Spain) (b. 1948)
1 Jul 1991 - 30 Jun 1992 Sir James Brian Unwin
(U.K.) (b. 1935)
1 Jul 1992 - 30 Jun 1994 Jean-Dominique
Comolli (France) (b. 1948)
1 Jul 1994 - 30 Jun 1996 Dame Valerie Strachan
(f) (U.K.) (b. 1940)
1 Jul 1996 - 30 Jun 1998 Graeme William Ludlow
(New Zealand)
1 Jul 1998 - 30 Jun 2000 Enrique Guillermo
Fanta Ivanovic
(Chile)
1 Jul 2000 - Feb 2001 Obaid Saqr bin
Busit
(b. c.1960)
(United
Arab Emirates)
Feb 2001 - 30 Jun 2001 John C. Tsang (Hong
Kong, China) (b. 1951)
(interim)
1 Jul 2001 - 30 Jun 2006 Pravin
Gordhan (South Africa) (b. 1949)
1 Jul 2006 - 30 Jun 2008 Tapani
Erling (Finland)
(b. 1945)
1 Jul 2008 - 30 Jun 2011 Martyn J. Dunne (New
Zealand) (b. 1950)
1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2014 Josephine Feehily (f)
(Ireland) (b. 1956)
1 Jul 2014 - 16 Jul 2016 Zouhair Chorfi
(Morocco)
16 Jul 2016 - 8 Jul 2017 Ruslan
Valentinovich Davydov
(b. 1960)
(Russia)
8 Jul 2017 - 30 Jun 2019 Enrique Canon
Pedragosa (Uruguay) (b. 1952)
1 Jul 2019 - 31 May 2020 Dicksons Collins
Kateshumbwa (b. 1977?)
(Uganda)
1 Jun 2020 - 30 Jun 2023 Sheikh Ahmed bin
Hamad Al Khalifa
(Bahrain)(acting to 12 Dec 2020)
1 Jul 2023
-
Edward Kieswetter (South Africa) (b. 1958)
WCO membership (186)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
4 Nov 1952
|
Denmark, France, Greece,
Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey1,
United Kingdom, (West) Germany2
|
20 Nov 1952
|
Italy
|
11 Dec 1952
|
Belgium
|
19 Dec 1952
|
Switzerland
|
21 Jan 1953
|
Austria
|
23 Jan 1953
|
Luxembourg, The Netherlands
|
26 Jan 1953
|
Portugal
|
16 Nov 1955
|
Pakistan
|
26 Oct 1956
|
Egypt
|
30 Apr 1957
|
Indonesia
|
31 Jan 1958
|
Haiti
|
23 May 1958
|
Israel
|
16 Oct 1959
|
Iran
|
3 Nov 1959
|
Syria
|
26 Apr 1960
|
Yugoslavia3
|
20 May 1960
|
Lebanon
|
8 Jun 1960
|
The Sudan
|
5 Jan 1961
|
Australia
|
27 Jan 1961
|
Finland
|
29 Mar 1963
|
Jamaica
|
16 May 1963
|
New Zealand
|
21 Aug 1963
|
Nigeria
|
2 Sep 1963
|
Ivory Coast4
|
1 Jan 1964
|
Jordan
|
18 Feb 1964
|
Madagascar5
|
3 Mar 1964
|
Rwanda
|
24 Mar 1964
|
South Africa
|
15 Jun 1964
|
Japan
|
30 Jun 1964
|
Malaysia
|
20 Oct 1964
|
Burundi
|
3 Nov 1964
|
Uganda
|
17 Nov 1964
|
Tanzania
|
18 Feb 1965
|
Gabon
|
9 Apr 1965
|
Cameroon
|
24 May 1965
|
Kenya
|
23 Sep 1965
|
Czechoslovakia6
|
6 Jun 1966
|
Malawi
|
1 Jul 1966
|
Chile
|
20 Jul 1966
|
Tunisia
|
16 Sep 1966
|
Upper Volta7
|
19 Dec 1966
|
Algeria
|
29 May 1967
|
Ceylon8
|
31 Aug 1967
|
Cyprus
|
1 Jul 1968
|
Argentina, Morocco
|
2 Jul 1968
|
South Korea
|
6 Jul 1968
|
Malta
|
1 Aug 1968
|
Ghana
|
16 Sep 1968
|
Hungary
|
15 Jan 1969
|
Romania
|
3 Oct 1969
|
Paraguay
|
27 Jan 1970
|
Peru
|
5 Nov 1970
|
United States
|
15 Feb 1971
|
Iceland, India
|
12 Oct 1971
|
Canada
|
4 Feb 1972
|
Thailand
|
26 Jul 1972
|
Zaire9
|
29 Mar 1973
|
Mauritus
|
8 May 1973
|
Saudi Arabia
|
1 Aug 1973
|
Bulgaria
|
6 Aug 1973
|
Ethiopia
|
15 Oct 1973
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
17 Jul 1974
|
Poland
|
16 Aug 1974
|
The Bahamas
|
7 Jan 1975
|
Liberia
|
9 Jul 1975
|
Singapore
|
2 Sep 1975
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
6 Nov 1975
|
Sierra Leone
|
10 Mar 1976
|
Senegal
|
29 Jul 1976
|
Guyana
|
16 Sep 1977
|
Uruguay
|
1 Jul 1978
|
Bangladesh
|
2 Aug 1978
|
Lesotho
|
25 Aug 1978
|
Botswana
|
27 Sep 1978
|
Zambia
|
7 Feb 1979
|
United Arab Emirates
|
2 Oct 1979
|
Mauritania
|
1 Oct 1980
|
The Philippines
|
19 Jan 1981
|
Brazil
|
19 Mar 1981
|
Zimbabwe
|
15 May 1981
|
Swaziland10
|
1 Jul 1981
|
Niger
|
11 Jan 1983
|
Libya
|
18 Jul 1983
|
China
|
22 Feb 1985
|
Guatemala
|
22 Jul 1985
|
Nepal
|
28 Jul 1986
|
Central Africa Republic
|
1 Jul 1987
|
Hong Kong, Mozambique
|
7 Aug 1987
|
Mali
|
14 Oct 1987
|
The Gambia
|
8 Feb 1988
|
Mexico
|
11 Jul 1988
|
Cuba
|
12 Feb 1990
|
Togo
|
27 Mar 1990
|
East Germany2
|
6 Jun 1990
|
Iraq
|
1 Jul 1990
|
Bermuda
|
26 Sep 1990
|
Angola
|
25 Mar 1991
|
Myanmar
|
8 Jul 1991
|
Soviet Union11
|
17 Sep 1991
|
Mongolia
|
30 Oct 1991
|
Guinea
|
4 May 1992
|
Qatar
|
17 Jun 1992
|
Azerbaijan
|
18 Jun 1992
|
Estonia, Lithuania
|
22 Jun 1992
|
Latvia
|
26 Jun 1992
|
Ukraine
|
30 Jun 1992
|
Armenia,
Kazakhstan
|
1 Jul 1992
|
Cape Verde12,
Namibia
|
28 Jul 1992
|
Uzbekistan
|
31 Aug 1992
|
Albania
|
7 Sep 1992
|
Slovenia
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
17 May 1993
|
Turkmenistan
|
1 Jul 1993
|
Colombia, Comoros, Croatia, Vietnam,
Yemen
|
7 Jul 1993
|
Macau
|
4 Oct 1993
|
Kuwait
|
26 Oct 1993
|
Georgia
|
16 Dec 1993
|
Belarus
|
1 Jul 1994
|
Macedonia13
|
28 Oct 1994
|
Moldova
|
8 Aug 1995
|
Eritrea
|
8 Sep 1995
|
Maldives
|
8 Mar 1996
|
Panama
|
1 Jul 1996
|
Brunei Darussalam, Venezuela
|
1 Jul 1997
|
Fiji, Tajikistan
|
14 Aug 1997
|
Bolivia
|
16 Dec 1997
|
Ecuador
|
3 Sep 1998
|
Andorra
|
24 Sep 1998
|
Nicaragua
|
9 Nov 1998
|
Benin
|
7 Jan 1999
|
Barbados
|
10 Feb 2000
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
25 Jul 2000
|
Seychelles
|
11 Sep 2000
|
Oman
|
27 Mar 2001
|
Serbia and Montenegro3
|
3 Apr 2001
|
Cambodia
|
18 Apr 2001
|
Bahrain
|
1 Jul 2001
|
Netherlands Antilles14
|
29 Aug 2001
|
Costa Rica
|
1 Oct 2001
|
Samoa
|
12 Feb 2002
|
Bhutan
|
18 Mar 2002
|
Papua New Guinea
|
19 Sep 2003
|
Timor-Leste
|
28 Jul 2004
|
Dominican Republic
|
10 Aug 2004
|
Afghanistan
|
16 Feb 2005
|
Chad
|
12 May 2005
|
Saint Lucia
|
1 Jul 2005
|
Tonga
|
7 Jul 2005
|
El Salvador
|
8 Dec 2005
|
Honduras
|
24 Oct 2006
|
Montenegro
|
16 Jan 2007
|
Laos
|
1 Jul 2007
|
European Union15
|
19 Mar 2008
|
Djibouti
|
22 Apr 2008
|
Belize
|
4 Jul 2008
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
23 Sep 2009
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
17 Nov 2009
|
Vanuatu
|
19 Aug 2010
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
10 Oct 2010
|
Curaçao, Sint Maarten
|
18 Jul 2012
|
South Sudan
|
4 Oct 2012
|
Somalia
|
24 Mar 2015
|
Palestine
|
25 Jan 2017
|
Kosovo
|
10 Apr 2017
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
26 Nov 2018
|
Suriname
|
22 Dec 2021
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
26 Jan 2023 |
Solomon Islands
|
2 Feb 2024 |
Palau
|
1from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
2East and West Germany
united 3 Oct 1990. 3from
7 Jul 1993 the CCC did not recognize the new
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as its successor
and ruled that it had to apply anew for
membership, which it did and was readmitted
27 Mar 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and
Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.
4from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.
5to 30 Dec 1975
Malagasy Republic. 6Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan
1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
7from 1984 Burkina
Faso. 8from 1972 Sri
Lanka. 91966-71 and
from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 10from
2018 Eswatini. 11Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded
by Russia. 12from
2013 Cabo Verde. 13as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
14Netherlands Antilles
dissolved 10 Oct 2010, succeeded
by Curaçao and Sint Maarten. 15status
akin to WCO membership; to 1 Nov 1993 as European
Community.
|
World Food Programme (WFP)
24 Nov
1961
World Food Programme (WFP) formed as a temporary UN
program.
20 Dec 1965
Made a permanent UN agency.
Executive Directors
1 Jun 1962 - 31 Dec
1967 Addeke Hendrik
Boerma
(b. 1912 - d. 1992)
(The Netherlands)
1 Jan 1968 - 1
Aug 1968 Sushil K. Dev (India)(acting)
(b. 1907 - d. ....)
1 Aug 1968 -
15 May 1976 Francisco Aquino Herrera
(b. 1919)
(El Salvador)
17 May 1976 - 30 Sep
1977 Thomas Clyde McCoy Robinson (U.S.) (b. 1912 -
d. 1992)
(acting to 1 Jul 1977)
1 Oct 1977 - 29 Apr
1981 Garson N. Vogel (Canada)
(b. 1918 - d. 1981)
12 May 1981 - 24 Feb
1982 Bernardo de Azevêdo Brito
(Brazil) (b. 1935)
(acting)
26 Feb 1982 - 4 Apr
1982 Juan Felipe Yriart (Uruguay)
(b. 1920 - d. 2008)
(acting)
5 Apr 1982 - 1
Apr 1992 James Charles Ingram (Australia)
(b. 1928 - d. 2023)
1 Apr 1992 - 4
Apr 2002 Catherine "Cathy" Bertini (f)(U.S.)(b.
1950)
5 Apr 2002 - 4
Apr 2007 James T. Morris
(U.S.)
(b. 1943)
10 Apr 2007 - 4 Apr
2012 Josette Sheeran (f) (U.S.)
(b. 1954)
5 Apr 2012 - 4 Apr
2017 Ertharin Cousin (f) (U.S.)
(b. 1957)
4 Apr 2017 - 4 Apr 2023 David Muldrow
Beasley (U.S.) (b.
1957)
5 Apr 2023
-
Cindy Hensley McCain (f) (U.S.) (b.
1954)
WFP membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
24 Nov 1961
|
36 member Executive
Board consists of which 18 are elected by the United Nations Economic and
Social Council (ECOSOC) and 18 by the council of
the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO),
each serve a 3 year term and are eligible for
re-election.
|
World Health
Organization (WHO)
Adopted Feb 1961
|
Variant |
|
WHO website
|
Headquarters:
Geneva
(Switzerland)
|
WHO Day: 7
Apr (1948)
World Health Day
|
22 Jul 1946
Interim Commission of the World
Health Organization.
7 Apr
1948
World Health Organization (WHO) established.
10 Jul 1948
Made a specialized agency of the United Nations.
Executive Secretary
22 Jul 1946 - 21 Jul 1948 George
Brock Chisholm (Canada) (b. 1896 - d.
1971)
Directors-general
21 Jul 1948 - 21 Jul
1953 George Brock Chisholm (Canada)
(s.a.)
21 Jul 1953 - 21 Jul
1973 Marcolino Gomes Candau
(Brazil) (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
21 Jul 1973 - 21 Jul
1988 Halfdan Theodor Mahler (Denmark)
(b. 1923 - d. 2016)
21 Jul 1988 - 21 Jul
1998 Hiroshi Nakajima
(Japan)
(b. 1928 - d. 2013)
21 Jul 1998 - 21 Jul
2003 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)(Norway) (b.
1939)
21 Jul 2003 - 22 May
2006 Lee Jong Wook (South
Korea) (b.
1945 - d. 2006)
22 May 2006 - 4 Jan
2007 Anders Nordström (Sweden) (acting) (b. 1960)
4 Jan 2007 - 1
Jul 2017 Margaret Chan (f)(Hong Kong/China) (b.
1947)
1 Jul 2017 -
Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus (b.
1965)
(Ethiopia)
WHO membership (194)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
7 Apr 1948 |
Albania1,
Australia, Austria, Byelorussian S.S.R2, Canada, China3, Czechoslovakia4, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Finland, Greece, Haiti, India, Iran, Iraq,
Ireland, Italy, Jordan5, Liberia,
Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,
Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Soviet Union6, South Africa7, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria8,
Thailand, Turkey9, Ukrainian
S.S.R.10,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia11 |
19 Apr 1948 |
Afghanistan, Denmark |
6 May 1948 |
Poland12
|
2 Jun 1948 |
Brazil |
8 Jun 1948 |
Romania13 |
9 Jun 1948 |
Bulgaria14 |
16 Jun 1948 |
France |
17 Jun 1948 |
Hungary15,
Iceland |
21 Jun 1948 |
Dominican Republic, United States16 |
22 Jun 1948 |
El Salvador |
23 Jun 1948 |
Pakistan |
25 Jun 1948 |
Belgium |
1 Jul 1948 |
Burma17 |
7 Jul 1948 |
Ceylon18,
Venezuela |
8 Jul 1948 |
Monaco |
9 Jul 1948 |
The Philippines |
15 Oct 1948 |
Chile |
22 Oct 1948 |
Argentina19 |
4 Jan 1949 |
Paraguay |
19 Jan 1949 |
Lebanon |
1 Mar 1949 |
Ecuador |
17 Mar 1949 |
Costa Rica |
8 Apr 1949 |
Honduras |
22 Apr 1949 |
Uruguay |
3 Jun 1949 |
Luxembourg |
21 Jun 1949 |
Israel |
17 Aug 1949 |
South Korea |
26 Aug 1949 |
Guatemala |
11 Nov 1949 |
Peru |
23 Dec 1949 |
Bolivia |
24 Apr 1950 |
Nicaragua |
9 May 1950 |
Cuba |
17 May 1950 |
Cambodia, Laos, South Vietnam10 |
23 May 1950 |
Indonesia |
20 Feb 1951 |
Panama |
16 May 1951 |
Japan |
28 May 1951 |
Spain |
29 May 1951 |
West Germany21 |
16 May 1952 |
Libya |
2 Sep 1953 |
Nepal |
14 May 1956 |
Morocco, The Sudan, Tunisia |
8 Apr 1957 |
Ghana |
24 Apr 1958 |
Malaya22 |
14 May 1959 |
Colombia |
19 May 1959 |
Guinea |
6 May 1960 |
Cameroon |
9 May 1960 |
Kuwait |
13 May 1960 |
Togo |
20 Sep 1960 |
Central African Republic, Dahomey23 |
4 Oct 1960 |
Upper Volta24 |
5 Oct 1960 |
Niger |
17 Oct 1960 |
Mali |
26 Oct 1960 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
28 Oct 1960 |
Ivory Coast25 |
31 Oct 1960 |
Senegal |
21 Nov 1960 |
Gabon |
25 Nov 1960 |
Nigeria |
1 Jan 1961 |
Chad |
16 Jan 1961 |
Cyprus, Madagascar26 |
26 Jan 1961 |
Somalia |
24 Feb 1961 |
Congo (Léopoldville)27 |
7 Mar 1961 |
Mauritania |
20 Oct 1961 |
Sierra Leone |
15 Mar 1962 |
Tanganyika28 |
18 Apr 1962 |
Mongolia |
16 May 1962 |
Western Samoa29 |
22 Oct 1962 |
Burundi |
7 Nov 1962 |
Rwanda |
8 Nov 1962 |
Algeria |
3 Jan 1963 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
7 Mar 1963 |
Uganda |
21 Mar 1963 |
Jamaica |
27 Jan 1964 |
Kenya |
29 Feb 1964 |
Zanzibar28 |
1 Feb 1965 |
Malta |
2 Feb 1965 |
Zambia |
8 Apr 1965 |
Malawi |
5 Nov 1965 |
Maldives |
25 Feb 1966 |
Singapore |
27 Sep 1966 |
Guyana |
25 Apr 1967 |
Barbados |
7 Jul 1967 |
Lesotho |
6 May 1968 |
Yemen (Aden)30,
Yemen (Sana)30 |
9 Dec 1968 |
Mauritius |
26 Apr 1971 |
The Gambia |
28 May 1971 |
Oman |
2 Nov 1971 |
Bahrain |
1 Jan 1972 |
Fiji |
30 Mar 1972 |
United Arab Emirates |
11 May 1972 |
Qatar |
19 May 1972 |
Bangladesh |
16 Apr 1973 |
Swaziland31 |
8 May 1973 |
East Germany21 |
19 May 1973 |
North Korea |
1 Apr 1974 |
The Bahamas |
29 Jul 1974 |
Guinea-Bissau |
4 Dec 1974 |
Grenada |
26 Feb 1975 |
Botswana |
14 Aug 1975 |
Tonga |
11 Sep 1975 |
Mozambique |
22 Oct 1975 |
North Vietnam20 |
9 Dec 1975 |
Comoros |
5 Jan 1976 |
Cape Verde32 |
23 Mar 1976 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
25 Mar 1976 |
Suriname |
29 Apr 1976 |
Papua New Guinea |
15 May 1976 |
Angola |
10 Mar 1978 |
Djibouti |
11 Sep 1979 |
Seychelles |
5 May 1980 |
Equatorial Guinea |
12 May 1980 |
San Marino |
16 May 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
11 Nov 1980 |
Saint Lucia |
13 Aug 1981 |
Dominica |
8 Mar 1982 |
Bhutan |
7 Mar 1983 |
Vanuatu |
4 Apr 1983 |
Solomon Islands |
1 Sep 1983 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
12 Mar 1984 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
9 May 1984 |
Cook Islands |
26 Jul 1984 |
Kiribati |
3 Dec 1984 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
25 Mar 1985 |
Brunei Darussalam |
23 Apr 1990 |
Namibia |
23 Aug 1990 |
Belize |
5 Jun 1991 |
Marshall Islands |
14 Aug 1991 |
Federated States of Micronesia |
25 Nov 1991 |
Lithuania |
4 Dec 1991 |
Latvia |
29 Apr 1992 |
Kyrgyzstan |
4 May 1992 |
Armenia, Moldova, Tajikistan |
7 May 1992 |
Slovenia |
22 May 1992 |
Uzbekistan |
26 May 1992 |
Georgia |
11 Jun 1992 |
Croatia |
2 Jul 1992 |
Turkmenistan |
19 Aug 1992 |
Kazakhstan |
10 Sep 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
2 Oct 1992 |
Azerbaijan |
22 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic |
4 Feb 1993 |
Slovakia |
31 Mar 1993 |
Estonia |
22 Apr 1993 |
Macedonia33 |
7 May 1993 |
Tuvalu |
24 Jul 1993 |
Eritrea |
5 May 1994 |
Niue |
9 May 1994 |
Nauru |
9 Mar 1995 |
Palau |
15 Jan 1997 |
Andorra |
28 Nov 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro11 |
27 Sep 2002 |
East Timor34 |
29 Aug 2006 |
Montenegro |
27 Sep 2011
|
South Sudan
|
1Albania
inactive withdrawal not recognized
25 Feb 1950 - Jan 1957. 2Byelorussian
S.S.R. inactive withdrawal not
recognized 16 Feb 1949 - 27 Jan 1956; from
1991 Belarus. 3China
inactive withdrawal not recognized 5 May 1950 -
22 May 1953; the Republic of China
(Taiwan) represented China until 10 May 1972,
when WHO voted to have China represented by the
People's Republic of China. 4Czechoslovakia
inactive withdrawal not recognized 14
Apr 1950 - Jan 1958; dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 5to 1946
Transjordan. 6Soviet
Union inactive withdrawal not recognized 12 Feb
1949 - 27 Jan 1956; dissolved 25 Dec 1991,
membership succeeded by Russia. 7South
Africa suspended 19 Mar 1964 - 2 May 1994. 81958-1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria. Syria left WHO 22 Feb 1958; on
29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and
resumed its separate membership on that
date. 9from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
10Ukrainian
S.S.R. inactive withdrawal not recognized 16 Feb
1949 - 27 Jan 1956; from 1991 Ukraine.
11Yugoslavia
suspended 3 May 1993, readmitted 28 Nov 2000;
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on
5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 12Poland
inactive withdrawal not recognized 15 Aug 1950 -
Jan 1957. 13Romania
inactive withdrawal not recognized 20 Feb 1950 -
23 May 1957. 14Bulgaria
inactive withdrawal not recognized Nov 1949 -
Jan 1957. 15Hungary
inactive withdrawal not recognized 19 May 1950 -
1963. 16United
States denunciation received 7 Jul 2020
(to be effective 6 Jul 2021), withdrawal
cancelled 21 Jan 2021; announced withdrawal 23
Jan 2025 (to be effective 23 Jan 2026). 17from
1989 Myanmar. 18from
1972 Sri Lanka. 19Argentina
announced its intent to withdraw 5 Feb 2023. 20North
Vietnam united with South Vietnam as Socialist
Republic of Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976;
succession recognized by WHO Assembly 10 May
1977. 21East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 22from 1963
Malaysia. 23from
1975 Benin. 24from
1984 Burkina Faso.
25from 1985 Côte
d'Ivoire. 26named
Malagasy Republic to 30 Dec 1975. 271966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 28Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 29from 1997
Samoa. 30Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990. 31from 2018
Eswatini. 32from
2013 Cabo Verde. 33as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 34from 2003
Timor-Leste.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of WHO (3)
|
17 May 1950
|
Southern Rhodesia1
|
12 May 1952
|
French Morocco2, Tunisia3 |
May 1954
|
Rhodesia and Nyasaland4
|
1955
|
The Sudan3 |
9 May 1956 |
Gold Coast5, Nigeria6, Sierra
Leone7
|
May 1960
|
Central African Republic8, Congo
(Brazzaville)9,
Cyprus10,
Gabon11,
Ivory Coast12,
Mali Federation13,
Niger14,
Upper Volta15
|
20 Feb 1961
|
Ruanda-Urundi16,
Tanganyika17
|
21 May 1962
|
Jamaica18, Uganda19 |
9 May 1963
|
Kenya20,
Mauritius21
|
5 Mar 1964
|
Malta22, Northern
Rhodesia23,
Nyasaland24,
Qatar25
|
8 May 1968
|
Bahrain26 |
26 Jul 1972
|
Papua New Guinea27 |
16 May 1974
|
Namibia28 |
8 May 1991
|
Tokelau
|
7 May 1992
|
Puerto Rico
|
26 May 2021
|
Faroe Islands
|
1Southern
Rhodesia part of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland 1 Aug 1953 - 31 Dec
1963; recognized after 12 Nov
1965; membership regarded as in
suspense from May 1971; from
1980 Zimbabwe. 2from
14 May 1956 full member as Morocco. 3Tunisia
a full member from 14 May 1956. 4Rhodesia
and Nyasaland dissolved 31 Dec 1963. 5from 8 Apr
1957 full member as Ghana. 6Nigeria a
full member from 25 Nov 1960. 7Sierra
Leone a full member from 20 Oct 1961. 8C.A.R. a
full member from 20 Sep 1960. 9Congo full
member from 26 Oct 1960. 10Cyprus
full member from 16 Jan 1961. 11Gabon a
full member from 21 Nov 1960. 12Ivory
Coast a full member from 28 Oct 1960. 13Mali a
full member 17 Oct 1960 and Senegal 31
Oct 1960. 14Niger
a full member from 5 Oct 1960. 15Upper
Volta full member from 4 Oct 1960. 16Ruanda-Urundi
dissolved 1 Jul 1962. 17Tanganyika
full member from 15 Mar 1962. 18Jamaica
a full member from 21 Mar 1963. 19Uganda a
full member from 7 Mar 1963. 20Kenya a
full member from 27 Jan 1964. 21Mauritius
a full member from 9 Dec 1968. 22Malta a
full member from 1 Feb 1965. 23Northern
Rhodesia a full member from 2
Feb 1965 as Zambia. 24full
member as Malawi from
8 Apr 1965. 25Qatar
a full member from 11 May 1972. 26Bahrain a
full member from 2 Nov 1971. 27Papua New
Guinea a full member from 29 Apr 1976.
28Namibia
a full member from 23 Apr 1990. |
World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Jul 1970 - 26 Apr
2010
|
Adopted 26 Apr 2010
|
WIPO website
|
Headquarters:
Geneva
(Switzerland) |
WIPO Day: 26
Apr (1970)
World Intellectual
Property Day
|
20 Mar
1883
"Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property"
(Paris
Union) signed.
9 Sep
1886
"Convention for the Protection of Literary and
Artistic Works"
(Berne Convention) signed.
5 Dec 1887
International Bureau of Intellectual Property (Bureau
International
de
la Propriété Intellectuelle).
13 Jul
1892
United International Bureau for the Protection of
Intellectual
Property
(UIBPIP)(Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la
Protection de la Propriété
Intellectuelle)(BIRPI).
16 Dec
1953
International Bureau for the Protection of International
Property
(IBPIP)(Bureaux Internationaux pour la Protection de
la
Propriété
Internationale)(BIRPI).
26 Apr
1970
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)(Organisation
Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle)(OMPI).
17 Dec
1974
Made a specialized agency of the United Nations.
Secretary-general
1888 -
1892
Henri Morel (Switzerland)
(b. 1838 - d. 1912)
Directors
1892 -
1912
Henri Morel (Switzerland)
(s.a.)
1912 -
1921
Robert Comtesse (Switzerland) (b.
1847 - d. 1922)
1922 -
1926
Ernest Rothlisberger (Switzerland) (b. 1858 - d. 1926)
1926 -
1938
Fritz Ostertag (Switzerland) (b.
1868 - d. 1948)
1938 -
1953
Bénigne Mentha (Switzerland)
(b. 1888 - d. 1974)
1953 -
1963
Jacques Secrétan (Switzerland) (b. 1897 -
d. 1963)
1963 -
1970
Georg H.C. Bodenhausen
(b. 1905 - d. 1997)
(The
Netherlands)
Directors-general
1970 -
1973
Georg H.C. Bodenhausen
(s.a.)
(The
Netherlands)
1973 - Nov
1997
Árpád Bogsch
(U.S.)
(b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Nov 1997 - 30 Sep 2008 Kamil
Eltayed Idris (The Sudan) (b. 1954)
1 Oct 2008 - 30 Sep 2020 Francis
Gurry (Australia) (b.
1951)
1 Oct 2020 -
Daren Tang Heng Shim
(Singapore) (b. 1972)
WIPO membership (193)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
26 Apr 1970 |
Byelorussian S.S.R.1,
Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Romania,
Senegal, Soviet Union2,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukrainian S.S.R.3, United
Kingdom |
19 May 1970 |
Bulgaria |
11 Jun 1970 |
Malawi |
26 Jun 1970 |
Canada |
25 Aug 1970 |
United States |
8 Sep 1970 |
Finland |
19 Sep 1970 |
West Germany4 |
26 Sep 1970 |
Chad |
22 Dec 1970 |
Czechoslovakia5 |
27 Jul 1971 |
Morocco |
11 Mar 1972 |
Fiji |
21 May 1972 |
Liechtenstein |
12 Jul 1972 |
Jordan |
10 Aug 1972 |
Australia |
11 Aug 1973 |
Austria |
11 Oct 1973 |
Yugoslavia6 |
18 Oct 1973 |
Uganda |
3 Nov 1973 |
Cameroon |
15 Feb 1974 |
The Sudan |
1 May 1974 |
Ivory Coast7 |
8 Jun 1974 |
Norway |
17 Aug 1974 |
North Korea |
24 Sep 1974 |
United Arab Emirates |
18 Oct 1974 |
France |
9 Jan 1975 |
The Netherlands |
28 Jan 1975 |
Zaire8 |
31 Jan 1975 |
Belgium |
3 Mar 1975 |
Monaco |
9 Mar 1975 |
Benin |
19 Mar 1975 |
Luxembourg |
20 Mar 1975 |
Brazil |
23 Mar 1975 |
Poland, South Africa9 |
27 Mar 1975 |
Cuba |
16 Apr 1975 |
Algeria |
20 Apr 1975 |
Holy See, Japan |
21 Apr 1975 |
Egypt |
27 Apr 1975 |
Portugal |
28 Apr 1975 |
Togo |
30 Apr 1975 |
South Vietnam10 |
1 May 1975 |
India |
18 May 1975 |
Niger |
6 Jun 1975 |
Gabon |
14 Jun 1975 |
Mexico |
25 Jun 1975 |
Chile |
23 Aug 1975 |
Upper Volta11 |
5 Oct 1975 |
Kenya |
25 Nov 1975 |
Suriname |
28 Nov 1975 |
Tunisia |
2 Dec 1975 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
21 Jan 1976 |
Iraq |
4 Mar 1976 |
Greece |
26 Apr 1975 |
East Germany4 |
12 May 1976 |
Turkey12 |
12 Jun 1976 |
Ghana |
2 Jul 1976 |
Vietnam10 |
3 Sep 1976 |
Qatar |
17 Sep 1976 |
Mauritania |
21 Sep 1976 |
Mauritius |
28 Sep 1976 |
Libya |
4 Jan 1977 |
The Bahamas |
6 Jan 1977 |
Pakistan |
30 Mar 1977 |
Burundi |
20 Apr 1977 |
Italy |
14 May 1977 |
Zambia |
7 Dec 1977 |
Malta |
23 Aug 1978 |
Central African Republic |
20 Sep 1978 |
Sri Lanka |
25 Dec 1978 |
Jamaica |
28 Feb 1979 |
Mongolia |
1 Mar 1979 |
South Korea |
29 Mar 1979 |
Yemen (Sana)13 |
18 Sep 1979 |
El Salvador |
5 Oct 1979 |
Barbados |
18 Dec 1979 |
Indonesia |
21 Dec 1979 |
Uruguay |
4 May 1980 |
Colombia |
3 Jun 1980 |
China |
14 Jul 1980 |
The Philippines |
4 Sep 1980 |
Peru |
8 Oct 1980 |
Argentina |
13 Nov 1980 |
Guinea |
10 Dec 1980 |
The Gambia |
10 Jun 1981 |
Costa Rica |
29 Dec 1981 |
Zimbabwe14 |
22 May 1982 |
Saudi Arabia |
14 Aug 1982 |
Mali |
18 Nov 1982 |
Somalia |
30 Apr 1983 |
Guatemala |
17 Sep 1983 |
Panama |
2 Nov 1983 |
Haiti |
15 Nov 1983 |
Honduras |
30 Dec 1983 |
Tanzania |
3 Feb 1984 |
Rwanda |
20 Jun 1984 |
New Zealand |
26 Oct 1984 |
Cyprus |
23 Nov 1984 |
Venezuela |
15 Apr 1985 |
Angola |
5 May 1985 |
Nicaragua |
11 May 1985 |
Bangladesh |
18 May 1986 |
Sierra Leone |
13 Sep 1986 |
Iceland |
18 Nov 1986 |
Lesotho |
30 Dec 1986 |
Lebanon |
20 Jun 1987 |
Paraguay |
22 May 1988 |
Ecuador |
28 Jun 1988 |
Guinea-Bissau |
16 Aug 1988 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
18 Aug 1988 |
Swaziland15 |
1 Jan 1989 |
Malaysia |
8 Mar 1989 |
Liberia |
22 Dec 1989 |
Madagascar |
25 Dec 1989 |
Thailand |
27 Dec 1989 |
Yemen (Aden)13 |
10 Dec 1990 |
Singapore |
26 Jun 1991 |
San Marino |
23 Dec 1991 |
Namibia |
30 Apr 1992 |
Lithuania |
12 Jun 1992 |
Slovenia |
30 Jun 1992 |
Albania |
28 Jul 1992 |
Croatia |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
21 Jan 1993 |
Latvia |
16 Feb 1993 |
Kazakhstan |
22 Apr 1993 |
Armenia |
5 May 1993 |
Uzbekistan |
2 Jun 1993 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
3 Jun 1993 |
Moldova |
6 Jul 1993 |
Bolivia |
23 Jul 1993 |
Macedonia16 |
21 Aug 1993 |
Saint Lucia |
18 Jan 1994 |
Georgia |
5 Feb 1994 |
Estonia |
14 Feb 1994 |
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan |
16 Mar 1994 |
Bhutan |
21 Apr 1994 |
Brunei Darussalam |
25 Oct 1994 |
Guyana |
28 Oct 1994 |
Andorra |
17 Jan 1995 |
Laos |
1 Mar 1995 |
Turkmenistan |
9 Apr 1995 |
Nigeria |
22 Jun 1995 |
Bahrain |
25 Jul 1995 |
Cambodia |
29 Aug 1995 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
25 Sep 1995 |
Azerbaijan |
16 Nov 1995 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
19 Feb 1996 |
Oman |
23 Dec 1996 |
Mozambique |
4 Feb 1997 |
Nepal |
20 Feb 1997 |
Eritrea |
26 Jun 1997 |
Equatorial Guinea |
7 Jul 1997 |
Cape Verde17 |
10 Jul 1997 |
Papua New Guinea |
11 Oct 1997 |
Samoa |
19 Feb 1998 |
Ethiopia |
15 Apr 1998 |
Botswana |
12 May 1998 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
14 Jul 1998 |
Kuwait |
22 Sep 1998 |
Grenada |
26 Sep 1998 |
Dominica |
16 Mar 2000 |
Seychelles |
17 Mar 2000 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
17 Jun 2000 |
Belize |
27 Jun 2000
|
Dominican Republic
|
15 May 2001
|
Myanmar
|
20 Dec 2000
|
Serbia and Montenegro6
|
14 Jun 2001
|
Tonga
|
14 Mar 2002
|
Iran
|
13 May 2002
|
Djibouti
|
12 May 2004
|
Maldives
|
18 Nov 2004
|
Syria
|
3 Apr 2005
|
Comoros
|
13 Dec 2005
|
Afghanistan
|
19 Sep 2006
|
Serbia
|
4 Dec 2006
|
Montenegro
|
2 Mar 2012
|
Vanuatu
|
19 Jul 2013
|
Kiribati
|
4 Jun 2014
|
Tuvalu
|
8 Jan 2015
|
Niue
|
27 Oct 2016
|
Cook Islands
|
11 Dec 2017
|
Marshall Islands
|
12 Dec 2017
|
Timor-Leste
|
4 Jul 2019
|
Solomon Islands
|
11 May 2020
|
Nauru
|
1from 1991
Belarus. 2Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership
succeeded by Russia. 3from 1991
Ukraine. 4East and
West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 5Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membership
succeeded by Czech Republic
and Slovakia. 6Yugoslavia
expelled 24 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000;
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro. 7from 1985
Côte d'Ivoire. 8from
1997 Congo (Kinshasa). 9South
Africa suspended 30 Sep 1977 - 29 Jul 1994. 10Republic
of South Vietnam; merged with North Vietnam 2
Jul 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which
filed a declaration of continued application on
7 Apr 1981. 11from
1984 Burkina Faso. 12from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
13Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May
1990. 14Southern
Rhodesia was a member of the Paris Union
(UIBPIP) 6 Apr 1965 - 17 Apr 1980, but not a WIPO
member. 15from 2018
Eswatini. 16as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 17from
2013 Cabo Verde.
|
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
1 Jan
1968 - 26 Jun 2012
|
Adopted 26 Jun
2012
|
WMO
website
|
Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland) (Lausanne,
Switzerland 1939-1955;
De Bilt,
Netherlands
1928-1939)
|
WMO Day: 23
Mar (1950)
World Meterological Day
|
23 Aug 1853 - 8 Sep 1853 First
International Conference on Meteorology, Brussels.
14 Aug
1872
Conference of Directors of Meteorological Institutes,
Leipzig
(held to organize a congress for the next year).
2-16 Sep 1873
First International Meteorological
Congress takes place in Vienna,
Sep
1873
Permanent Meteorological Committee established.
10-16 Sep
1874
Second International Meteorological Congress at Utrecht.
22 Apr 1879
International Meteorological Committee (IMC) instituted.
Sep
1907
Name International Meteorological Organization first
defined.
Aug 1914 - Jul 1919 IMC
dormant during World War I.
Sep 1919
International Meteorological Organization (IMO)(Organisation
Météorologique Internationale) name adopted.
1 Sep
1928
Secretariat established.
11 Oct
1947
"World
Meteorological Convention" signed (in force 23 Mar
1950).
17 Mar 1951
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)(Organisation
Météorologique
Mondiale)(OMM).
4 Apr 1951
IMO transferred its activities, resources and
obligations to
the WMO.
20 Dec
1951
Made a specialized agency of the
United Nations.
Secretaries
1879 -
1900
Robert Henry Scott (U.K.)
(b. 1833 - d. 1916)
1900 -
1907
Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson (b.
1838 - d. 1925)
(Sweden)
Sep 1907 - c.1914
Gustav Johann Georg Hellmann (b.
1854 - d. 1939)
(Germany)
1914 - 1919
Vacant
1919
Ernest Gold (U.K.)
(b. 1881 - d. 1976)
1919 - 1923
Ewoud van Everdingen
(b. 1873 - d. 1955)
(The Netherlands)
1923 -
1928
Hans
Theodor Hesselberg (Norway) (b.
1885 - d. 1966)
Chiefs of the Secretariat
1 Sep 1928 - 31 Jul 1938 Hendrik
Gerrit Cannegieter
(b. 1879 - d.
1964)
(The Netherlands)
1 Aug 1938 - 31 Dec 1951 Gustav
Swoboda (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1893 - d.
1956)
Secretaries-general
1 Jan 1951 - 31 Dec 1955 Gustav
Swoboda (Czechoslovakia)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1979 David
Arthur Davies (U.K.) (b.
1913 - d. 1990)
(acting to 1 Aug 1956)
1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1983 Aksel
Christopher Wiin-Nielsen (b.
1924 - d. 2010)
(Denmark)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 2003 Godwin Olu
Patrick Obasi (Nigeria) (b. 1933 - d. 2007)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2015 Michel
Jarraud
(France)
(b. 1952)
1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2023 Petteri Taalas
(Finland)
(b. 1961)
1 Jan 2024
-
Andrea Celeste Saulo (f)(Argentina)(b. 1964)
Presidents
2 Sep 1873 -
1879
Christophorus Henricus Diedericus (b. 1817 - d.
1890)
Buys Ballot (The Netherlands)
1879 -
1896
Heinrich von Wild
(b. 1833 - d. 1902)
(Genrikh
Ivanovich Vil'd)
(Russia)
1896 -
1907
Éleuthère Élie Nicolas Mascart
(b. 1837 - d. 1908)
(France)
Sep 1907 -
1923
William Napier Shaw
(U.K.)
(b. 1854 - d. 1945)
(from 12 Jul 1915, Sir William Napier)
Oct 1914 - 1915
Henry Newton Dickson (U.K.)
(b. 1866 - d. 1922)
(acting
for Napier Shaw)
1923 -
1935
Ewoud van Everdingen (Netherlands) (b. 1873 -
d. 1955)
1935 -
1946
Hans
Theodor Hesselberg (Norway) (s.a.)
Feb 1946 -
1951
Sir Nelson King Johnson (U.K.) (b.
1892 - d. 1954)
1951 -
1955
Francis Wilton Reichelderfer
(b. 1895 - d. 1983)
(United States)
1955 -
1963
André Jules Armand Viaut (France) (b. 1899 - d.
1973)
1963 -
1971
Alf Erik Gunnar Emanuel Nyberg (b. 1911 -
d. 1993)
(Sweden)
1971 -
1979
Mohammed Fathi Taha
(Egypt) (b.
1914 - d. 1987)
1979 -
1987
Roman Lucero Kintanar
(b. 1929 - d. 2007)
(The Philippines)
1987 -
1995
Zou Jingmeng
(China)
(b. 1929 - d. 1999)
1995 - 24 May
2003
John William Zillman (Australia) (b. 1939)
24 May 2003 - 6 Jun 2011 Alexander
Ivanovich Bedritskiy (b.
1947)
(Russia)
6 Jun 2011 - 14 Jun 2019 Ronald David Grimes
(Canada) (b.
1952?)
14 Jun 2019 - 2 Jun 2023 Gerhard Adrian
(Germany) (b. 1956)
2 Jun 2023
-
Abdulla Ahmed Al Mandous
(b. 1966)
(United Arab Emirates)
WMO membership (187)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
23 Mar 1950
|
Australia, Brazil,
Burma1,
Byelorussian S.S.R.2,
Czechoslovakia3,
Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, France,
Greece, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, The
Philippines, Romania, South Africa4, Soviet
Union5,
Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey6, Ukrainian
S.S.R.7,
United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia8
|
11 May 1950
|
Pakistan
|
15 Jun
1950
|
Poland
|
16 Jul 1950
|
Venezuela
|
27 Aug 1950
|
Canada
|
15 Oct 1950
|
Paraguay
|
16 Dec 1950
|
Indonesia
|
1 Feb 1951
|
Argentina
|
8 Feb 1951
|
Italy
|
10 Feb 1951
|
Uruguay
|
14 Feb 1951
|
Portugal
|
4 Mar 1951
|
Belgium
|
17 Mar 1951
|
Hungary
|
29 Mar 1951
|
Spain
|
1 Apr 1951
|
China9
|
22 Jun 1951
|
Ceylon10
|
7 Jul 1951
|
Ecuador
|
9 Aug
1951
|
Denmark
|
13 Sep 1951
|
Haiti
|
12 Oct 1951
|
The Netherlands
|
3 Apr 1952
|
Cuba
|
11 Apr 1952
|
Bulgaria
|
20 Apr 1952
|
Guatemala
|
15 Aug 1952
|
Syria11 |
28 Nov 1952
|
Luxembourg
|
10 Sep 1953
|
Japan
|
2 Jan 1954
|
Ethiopia
|
1954 |
Rhodesia and Nyasaland12 |
14 Jun 1954
|
Bolivia
|
10 Jul 1954
|
(West) Germany13
|
1 Apr 1955 |
South Vietnam14
|
24 Mar 1955
|
Austria
|
26 Jun 1955
|
El Salvador
|
1 Jul 1955
|
Laos
|
10 Aug 1955
|
Jordan
|
8 Dec 1955
|
Cambodia
|
28 Jan 1956
|
Libya
|
15 Mar 1956
|
South Korea
|
11 Oct 1956
|
Afghanistan
|
2 Jan 1957
|
The Sudan
|
2 Feb 1957
|
Morocco
|
21 Feb 1957
|
Tunisia
|
5 Jun 1957
|
Ghana
|
8 Jun 1957
|
Chile
|
28 Aug 1957
|
Albania
|
18 Jun 1958
|
Malaya15
|
28 Mar 1959
|
Saudi Arabia
|
29 Mar 1959
|
Nicaragua
|
26 Apr 1959
|
Guinea
|
30 Oct 1959
|
Iran
|
9 Nov 1960
|
Honduras
|
27 Nov 1960
|
Niger, Togo
|
30 Nov 1960
|
Ivory Coast16, Upper
Volta17
|
5 Dec 1960
|
Congo (Kinshasa)18
|
11 Dec 1960
|
Senegal, Mali
|
21 Dec 1960
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
30 Dec 1960
|
Nigeria
|
14 Jan 1961
|
Madagascar19
|
15 Jan
1961
|
Costa Rica
|
16 Jan 1961
|
Cameroon
|
4 Mar 1961
|
Chad
|
14 May 1961
|
Dahomey20
|
5 Jul 1961
|
Gabon
|
28 Jul 1961
|
Central African Republic
|
4 Feb 1962
|
Colombia
|
22 Feb 1962
|
Mauritania
|
29 Apr 1962
|
Sierra Leone
|
14 Oct 1962
|
Tanganyika21
|
29 Nov 1962
|
Burundi
|
31 Dec 1962
|
Kuwait
|
3 Mar 1963
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
6 Mar 1963
|
Rwanda
|
14 Apr 1963
|
Uganda
|
4 May 1963
|
Algeria, Mongolia
|
11 May 1963
|
Cyprus
|
28 Jun 1963
|
Jamaica
|
1 Apr 1964
|
Somalia
|
2 Jul 1964
|
Kenya
|
11 Aug 1964
|
Southern Rhodesia22 |
27 Jan 1965
|
Zambia
|
17 Mar 1965
|
Malawi
|
23 Feb 1966
|
Singapore
|
11 Sep
1966
|
Nepal
|
22 Dec 1966
|
Guyana
|
21 Apr 1967
|
Barbados
|
12 Oct 1967
|
Panama
|
15 Nov 1967
|
Botswana
|
27 Feb
1969
|
Yemen (Aden)23
|
16 Aug 1969
|
Mauritius
|
8 Jun 1971
|
Yemen (Sana)23
|
22 Jun 1973
|
East Germany13
|
23 Sep 1973
|
Bangladesh
|
29 Dec 1973
|
The Bahamas
|
9 Mar 1974
|
Liberia
|
2 Feb 1975
|
Oman
|
4 May 1975
|
Qatar
|
26 Jun 1975
|
North Korea
|
7 Aug 1975
|
North Vietnam14
|
20 Nov 1975
|
Cape Verde24 |
14 Jan
1976
|
Papua New Guinea
|
18 Apr 1976
|
Comoros
|
21 Jul 1976
|
Mozambique
|
16 Aug 1976
|
Vietnam14
|
25 Aug 1976
|
Suriname
|
23 Dec 1976
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
27 Jan 1977
|
Malta
|
17 Mar 1977
|
Seychelles
|
15 Apr 1977
|
Angola
|
14 Jan 1978
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
1 Jul 1978
|
Maldives
|
30 Jul 1978
|
Djibouti
|
1 Nov 1978
|
The Gambia
|
2 Sep 1979
|
Lesotho
|
22 Mar 1980
|
Dominica
|
17 Apr 1980
|
Fiji
|
21 May 1980
|
Bahrain
|
11 Feb 1981
|
Zimbabwe
|
1 Apr 1981
|
Saint Lucia
|
24 Jun 1982
|
Belize
|
24 Jul 1982
|
Vanuatu
|
2 Dec 1982
|
Swaziland25 |
5 Jun 1985
|
Solomon Islands
|
26 Dec 1986
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
16 Jan 1987
|
United Arab Emirates
|
16 Dec 1988
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
8 Mar 1991
|
Namibia
|
14 Jun 1992
|
Latvia
|
3 Jul 1992
|
Lithuania
|
19 Sep 1992
|
Slovenia
|
20 Sep 1992
|
Estonia
|
16 Oct 1992
|
Armenia
|
8 Nov 1992
|
Croatia
|
3 Jan 1993
|
Turkmenistan
|
22 Jan 1993
|
Uzbekistan
|
24 Mar 1993
|
Czech Republic
|
13 Mar 1993
|
Slovakia
|
4 Jun
1993
|
Kazakhstan
|
1 Jul 1993
|
Macedonia26 |
7 Aug 1993
|
Eritrea
|
9 Sep 1993
|
Tajikistan
|
1 Oct 1993
|
Georgia
|
26 Jan 1994
|
Azerbaijan
|
1 Jul 1994
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
19 Aug 1994
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
21 Dec 1994
|
Moldova
|
10 Aug 1995
|
Western Samoa27
|
20 Oct 1995
|
Federated States of
Micronesia
|
17 Nov 1995
|
Cook Islands
|
27 Mar 1996
|
Tonga
|
9 May 1996
|
Monaco
|
30 Jun 1996
|
Niue
|
23 Mar 2001
|
Serbia and Montenegro8
|
10 Apr 2003
|
Bhutan
|
24 May 2003
|
Kiribati
|
5 Jan 2007
|
Montenegro
|
4 Dec 2009
|
Timor-Leste |
22 Sep 2012
|
Tuvalu
|
14 Dec 2012
|
South Sudan
|
16 Nov 2018
|
Andorra
|
16 May 2019
|
Nauru
|
1from
1989 Burma. 2from 1991
Belarus. 3Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 4South
Africa suspended 28 Apr 1975 - 9 Jun 1994. 5Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership
succeeded by Russia. 6from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
7from
1991 Ukraine. 8Yugoslavia
dissolved 1992; Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia's instrument of accession entered
into force 23 Mar 2001; from 4 Feb 2003
called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved on 5 Jun
2006 succeeded by Serbia. 9Republic
of China (Taiwan) represented China until 25 Feb
1972; People's Republic of China deposited
its instrument of accession on 9 Feb
1973 which entered into force 11 Mar 1973. 10from 1972
Sri Lanka. 111958-1961
Syria
part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt
and Syria. Syria left WMO 22 Feb 1958; On 29 Sep
1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed
its separate membership on 8 Oct 1961,
12Rhodesia
and Nyasaland dissolved 31 Dec 1963. 13East and
West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 14South
Vietnam merged with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976
as Socialist Republic of Vietnam; on 29 Jul 1976
Socialist Republic of Vietnam notified WMO that
it would assume South Vietnam's membership, the
note was circulated 11 Aug 1976 and received by
U.S. depository on 16 Aug 1976. 15from 1963
Malaysia. 16from 1985
Côte d'Ivoire. 17from 1984
Burkina Faso. 18Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 19to 30 Dec
1975 Malagasy Republic. 20from 1975
Benin. 21Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,
which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 22Southern
Rhodesia status reverted to a member territory
11 Nov 1965; from 1980 Zimbabwe. 23from Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990. 24from
Cabo Verde. 25from
2018 Eswatini. 26as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 26from 1997
Samoa.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Separate Member Territories of WMO
(6)
|
23 Mar 1950
|
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan1,
Bermuda2,
Belgian Congo3,
British East African Territories4,
British Malaya-Borneo
Territories5,
British West African Territories6,
Ceylon7,
Falklands, French Cameroun8,
French Equatorial Africa9,
French Morocco10,
French Guiana, French Polynesia, French
Somaliland11,
French West Africa12,
Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Hong Kong, Indochina13,
Madagascar14,
Martinique, New Caledonia,
Norfolk Island, Reunion, Saarland15,
Southern Rhodesia16,
South West Africa17,
Tunisia18
|
15 Jan 1951
|
Azores, Madeira, Portuguese
East Africa19,
Portuguese Timor20,
Portuguese West Africa19
|
13 Apr 1951
|
Andorra21 |
12 Sep 1951
|
Netherlands Antilles22,
Netherlands New Guinea23,
Surinam24
|
25 Jan 1952
|
Greenland
|
24 Sep 1953 |
British Caribbean Territories25 |
1954
|
Spanish Morocco10,
Spanish Territories of Guinea26 |
20 Jun 1955
|
Australian Antarctic
Territory
|
1958
|
Mauritius27 |
28 Apr 1959
|
Ruanda-Urundi28
|
2 Jun 1964
|
Seychelles29
|
19 May 1971
|
Comoro Islands30
|
28 Sep 1977
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
|
1 Jan 1986
|
Netherlands Antilles22,
Aruba |
24 Jan 1996
|
Macau
|
10 Oct 2010
|
Curaçao and Sint
Maarten
|
1from
2 Jan 1957 member as The Sudan.
2Bermuda withdrew
31 Dec 1959. 3from
5 Dec 1960 member as Congo (Kinshasa). 4Br.
East African Terr. from 14 Apr 1963
only Kenya, Zanzibar and Seychelles;
membership dissolved 2 Jun 1964.
5from 19 May
1958 as Singapore
and British Territories
in Borneo; withdrew
31 Dec 1963. 6B.W.A.
membership dissolved 1960. 7Ceylon
a member from 22 Jun 1951; from 1972 Sri Lanka.
8from 16 Jan 1961
member as Cameroon. 9French
Equatorial Africa dissolved 15
Aug 1960. 10from
2 Feb 1957 member as Morocco.
11from 5 Jul
1967 Territory of Afars
and Issas; from 30 Jul 1978 member as
Djibouti. 12French
West Africa dissolved 22 Dec 1958. 13French
Indochina dissolved 21 Jun 1954.
14Madagascar
a member from 14 Jan 1961.
15Saarland united
with (West) Germany 1 Jan 1957. 16Southern
Rhodesia part of Rhodesia
and Nyasaland 1 Aug 1953 - 31
Dec 1963; full member 11 Aug 1964 - 11
Nov 1965, then a member territory; from
1980 Zimbabwe. 17United
Nations terminated South Africa's mandate for
South West Africa
placing it under UN authority (not
recognized by South Africa); from 8 Mar
1991 independent member as Namibia. 18Tunisia
a member from 21 Feb 1957. 19from
1975 independent as Angola
and Mozambique. 20East
Timor annexed to Indonesia 17 Jul 1976 - 19 Oct
1999. 21Andorra WMO
convention applied to the Valleys of Andorra by
France on 5 Dec 1949 and by Spain on 13 Apr
1951; a member from 16 Nov 2018. 22as
Curaçao to 1954, then
Netherlands Antilles, from 1 Jan
1986 as Netherlands Antilles and Aruba; Netherlands
Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010, succeeded
by Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.
23Dutch New Guinea annexed to
Indonesia 1 May 1963. 24member
as Suriname from
25 Aug 1976. 25named
West Indies and Other British
Territories to 1965, then British
Caribbean Territories
and British Guiana to 22 Sep
1966. 26from 12
Oct 1968 independent as
Equatorial Guinea. 27Mauritius
a member from 16 Aug 1969. 28Ruanda-Urundi
dissolved 1 Jul 1962. 29Seychelles
a member from 17 Mar 1977. 30from
18 Apr 1976 member as Comoros.
|
World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism)
24 May
1975 - 1998
|
1998 -
2018
|
Adopted 2018 |
Logo Flag from 23 Jan 2024
|
Variant Logo from 23 Jan 2024
|
|
UNWTO website
|
Headquarters: Madrid
(Spain)(Geneva, Switzerland
1951-1975; London, UK 1948-1951; Oslo 1948; The
Hague, Netherlands 1925-1942, 1945-1948)
|
UN Tourism Day:
27 Sep (1970)
World Tourism Day
(from 1980)
|
4 May 1925
First International Congress of Official Tourist Traffic
Associations (ICOTT)(Congrès
International des Associations
Officielles
de Trafic Touristique) held.
21 Sep
1927
International Congress of
Official Tourist Organizations (Congrès
International des Organismes Officiels
de Propagande
Touristique).
30 Jan 1934
International Union of
Official Tourist Propaganda
Organizations
(IUOTPO)(Union Internationale
des Organismes Officiels de
Propagande Touristique)(UIOOPT),
articles of association
registered
in The Hague, Netherlands.
Aug 1940 - Jan
1942 German
government appointed trustee to administer the Union for
liquidation.
Jan 1942 - Dec 1945 Dissolved
by German occupation authorities during World War II.
4 Oct 1947
International Union of Official Travel
Organizations (IUOTO)
(Union
Internationale des Organismes Officiels de Tourisme)
(UIOOT) named adopted (name proposed on 21 Feb 1947).
27 Sep
1970
IUOTO adopts the statute of the World Tourism
Organization.
2 Jan
1975
World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO).
23 Dec
2003
Made a specialized agency of the United Nations.
1 Dec
2005
English abbreviation changed to UNWTO.
23 Jan 2024
UN Tourism adopted as new abbreviation.
Director
1925 - 30 Jan 1934
W.P.F. van Deventer
(b. 1879 - d. 1937)
(The Netherlands)
Secretaries-general
30 Jan 1934 - 4 Jan 1937 W.P.F. van Deventer
(s.a.)
(The Netherlands)
Jan 1937 - Jan 1942
von Balluseck (f)(1st time)
(d. 1947)
(= Mrs. Evan von Balluseck)
(The Netherlands)(secretary)(acting)
Jan 1942 - Dec 1945 Vacant
Dec 1945 - Sep
1946 von
Balluseck (f)(2nd time)
(s.a.)
(The Netherlands)(secretary)(acting)
Sep 1946 - 4 Oct 1947 Jonkheer
Willem Boreel
(b. 1893 - d. 1973)
(The Netherlands)(acting to 20 Feb 1947)
4 Oct 1947 - 19 Jun 1948 Lucien Thole (The
Netherlands) (b. 1913 - d. 2003)
19 Jun 1948 - 15 Jan 1949 Vacant
15 Jan 1949 - 22 May 1957 François Étienne Michel
Morin, (b. 1910 - d. 1980)
dit Forestier (France)
22 May 1957 - 31 Dec 1985 Robert C. Lonati
(France)
(b. 1918 - d. 1985)
(acting to 8 Nov 1957,
interim 1 Nov 1974 - 22 May 1975)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1989 Willibald Pahr
(Austria)
(b. 1930)
1 Jan 1990 - 1 Sep 1996 José
Antonio Enríquez Savignac (b.
1931 - d. 2007)
(Mexico)
1 Sep 1996 - 28 Feb 2009 Francesco
Frangialli (France) (b.
1947)
(interim to 31 Dec 1997)
1 Mar 2009 - 31 Dec 2017 Taleb Rifai
(Jordan)
(b. 1949)
(acting
to 31 Dec 2009)
1 Jan 2018
-
Zurab Pololikashvili (Georgia) (b.
1977)
Presidents of the Congress
4 May 1925 - Jun 1926 Marie
Willem "Wim" Frederik Treub (b. 1858 - d. 1931)
(The
Netherlands)
27 Jun 1926 - Sep 1927 Eugen
Pštross (Czechoslovakia) (b.
1881 - d. 19..)
21 Sep 1927 - Sep 1928 Cyril
Žižek (Yugoslavia)
Sep 1928 - Sep 1929
Iván Rakovszky (Hungary)
(b. 1885 - d. 1960)
14 Sep 1929 - Sep 1930
Ryszard Minchejmer (Poland)
(b. 1875 - d. 1934)
25 Sep 1930 - 5 Oct 1930 José Antonio
de Sangróniz y Castro (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
(Spain)(acting)
Oct 1930 - 14 May 1933
Albert Junod (Switzerland)
(b. 1865 - d. 1951)
14 May 1933 - 22 May 1935 Carlo Pugliesi (Pugliezi)(Italy)
(interim)
Presidents of the Union
22 May 1935 - Jan 1942 B.E.M.
Pulinx (Belgium)(1st time)
Jan 1942 - Dec 1945 Vacant
Dec 1945 - 20 Feb 1947 B.E.M. Pulinx
(Belgium)(2nd time)
20 Feb 1947 - Sep 1948
Gunnar Berg Lampe (Norway)
(b. 1892 - d. 1978)
15 Sep 1948 - Sep 1949 Ernest
Walter Wimble (U.K.) (b. 1887
- d. 1979)
Sep 1949 - 1954?
Siegfried Bittel (Switzerland)
(b. 1894 - d. 1977)
1954 - 1955
Mogens Lichtenberg
(Denmark) (b. 1903 -
d. 1994)
1955 - 1956
Jonkheer Willem
Boreel
(s.a.)
1956 - Nov 1957
Jorge Felner da Costa
(Portugal) (b. 1916 - d. 1976)
Nov 1957 - Oct 1958
Som Nath Chib (India)
(b. 1908 - d. 1985)
Oct 1958 - Nov 1959
Paul Bernecker (Austria)
(b. 1908 - d. 2003)
Nov 1959 - 1960
John Gourlay Bridges
(U.K.) (b.
1901 - d. 1985)
1960 - 1961
Modesto Farolan (The
Philippines) (b. 1900 - d. 1979)
1961 - 1963
Timothy Joseph O'Driscoll (Ireland)(b.
1908 - d. 1998)
1963 - 1966
Basil Grose Atkinson
(Australia) (b. 1924 - d. 2013)
1966 -
1967
Arthur Haulot
(Belgium)
(b. 1913 - d. 2005)
1967 - 1969
Agustín Rodríguez Salvat
(Mexico) (b. 1908 - d. af.1982)
1969 - May 1975
Georges Habib Faddoul (Lebanon) (b.
1919)
UNWTO membership (160)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
2 Jan 1975 |
Afghanistan, Argentina, The
Bahamas1,
Benin, Brazil, Burundi2, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica3, Egypt, El Salvador4, Gabon, Ghana,
Greece, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Ivory Coast5,
Jordan, Kenya, Laos, Lebanon, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua6, Nigeria, Pakistan,
Panama7, Peru,
The Philippines8,
Romania, San Marino, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Singapore9,
South Korea, South Vietnam10, Spain,
Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand11, Trinidad and
Tobago12,
Tunisia, Turkey13,
Uganda, United Arab Emirates14,
Venezuela, Yemen (Aden)15,
Yugoslavia16,
Zambia |
12 Jan 1975
|
Cyprus
|
20 Jan 1975
|
Israel, Zaire17
|
11 Feb 1975
|
Ecuador
|
19 Feb 1975
|
Bangladesh
|
16 Apr 1975
|
Togo
|
18 Apr 1975
|
The Sudan
|
24 Apr 1975
|
Jamaica
|
29 Apr 1975
|
Dominican Republic
|
6 May 1975
|
The Gambia
|
8 May 1975
|
Malaysia18
|
16 May 1975
|
Upper Volta19
|
21 May 1975
|
Bolivia
|
22 May 1975
|
Ethiopia, Madagascar
|
6 Jun 1975
|
Rwanda
|
28 Aug 1975
|
Kuwait20
|
8 Sep 1975
|
Hungary
|
20 Sep 1975
|
Honduras21
|
11 Dec 1975
|
Cuba
|
16 Dec 1975
|
United States22
|
22 Dec 1975
|
Austria
|
29 Dec 1975
|
Soviet Union23
|
31 Dec 1975
|
France
|
12 Jan 1976 |
Switzerland |
21 Jan 1976
|
Bulgaria
|
29 Jan 1976
|
East Germany24, West Germany24
|
10 Feb 1976
|
Poland
|
9 Apr 1976
|
Czechoslovakia25
|
5 May 1976
|
Algeria
|
10 May 1976
|
The Netherlands
|
9 Jul 1976
|
Mauritania
|
3 Aug 1976
|
Belgium26
|
11 Nov 1976
|
Portugal
|
21 Apr 1977
|
Libya
|
18 May 1977
|
Uruguay
|
31 May 1977
|
Bahrain27,
Grenada28,
Qatar29,
Yemen (Sana)15
|
2 Mar 1978
|
Italy
|
6 Jul 1978
|
Japan
|
2 Aug 1978
|
Malta
|
18 Sep 1979
|
Australia30
|
20 Sep 1979 |
Congo (Brazzaville), Niger |
17 Sep 1981
|
Lesotho, Maldives, Vietnam,
Zimbabwe
|
9 Feb 1982
|
Finland31
|
5 Oct 1983 |
China |
17 Jul 1985 |
Guinea
|
26 Sep 1985 |
Chad, São Tomé and
Príncipe |
26 Jun 1986 |
Canada32 |
1 Oct 1987 |
North Korea |
27 Mar 1990 |
Mongolia |
30 Aug 1990
|
Angola
|
4 Oct 1991 |
Guinea-Bissau,
Seychelles |
25 Dec 1991 |
Russia23 |
26 Jun 1992 |
Paraguay |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic,
Slovakia
|
8 Oct 1993
|
Albania, Bosnia
and Hercegovina, Croatia, Georgia,
Guatemala, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Slovenia,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
|
12 Apr 1994
|
South Africa
|
21 Oct 1995
|
Andorra, Botswana, Central
African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Macedonia33,
Mozambique, Myanmar34
|
24 Oct 1997
|
Armenia, Djibouti, Fiji,
Namibia, Ukraine
|
1 Oct 1999 |
Swaziland35 |
1 Jan 2001 |
Monaco |
29 Sep 2001
|
Azerbaijan, Cape Verde36, Serbia
and Montenegro16
|
1 Jan 2002
|
Moldova37 |
17 Jun 2002
|
Saudi Arabia
|
19 Oct 2003 |
Bhutan, Lithuania |
1 Jul 2004 |
Oman |
1 Jan 2005
|
Latvia38
|
14 Jun 2005
|
Belarus
|
25 Nov 2005
|
United Kingdom39
|
2 Dec 2005 |
Papua New Guinea,
Timor-Leste
|
29 Nov 2007
|
Brunei Darussalam,
Montenegro, Tajikistan
|
22 Sep 2008
|
Norway40 |
8 Oct 2009
|
Vanuatu
|
14 Oct 2011
|
Liberia
|
14 Sep 2015
|
Barbados, Samoa
|
13 Sep 2017
|
Comoros, Somalia
|
1 Jan 2020
|
Palau
|
1 Jan 2022
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
1 Jan 2024
|
Belize
|
1Bahamas
withdrew 14 Dec 1978, rejoined 25 Nov 2005. 2Burundi
informed of its withdrawal effective
as of 3 Oct 2001, but continued to pay dues and
on 30 Jul 2013 confirmed it did not want to
cease membership. 3Costa
Rica withdrew 14 Jul 1988, rejoined 26 Sep 1995.
4El
Salvador withdrew 28 Jan 1981, rejoined 8 Oct
1993. 5from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 6Nicaragua
withdrew 19 Apr 1979, rejoined 4 Oct 1991. 7Panama
withdrew 9 Oct 1993, rejoined 17 Oct 1996. 8The
Philippines withdrew 8 Sep 1989, rejoined
23 Oct 1991. 9Singapore
withdrew 10 Nov 1977. 10South
Vietnam merged with North Vietnam 2 Jul 1976 as
Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which did not
indicate its succession and did not join until
17 Sep 1981. 11Thailand
withdrew 20 Jan 1990, rejoined 1 Jun
1996. 12Trinidad
withdrew 31 Dec 1977, rejoined 22 Apr
2013. 13from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 14U.A.E.
withdrew 29 Apr 1987, rejoined 26 Apr 2013. 15Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as
Yemen. 16from
8 Oct 1993 the WToO did not recognize the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as its successor
and ruled that it had to apply anew for
membership, which it did and was readmitted 29
Sep 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 Serbia and Montenegro;
on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 17from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa). 18Malaysia
withdrew 14 Aug 1987, rejoined 19 Sep 1991. 19from 1984
Burkina Faso. 20Kuwait
withdrew 27 Nov 1998, rejoined 3 Mar 2003.
21Honduras
withdrew 19 Aug 1989, rejoined 29 Sep 2001. 22U.S.
withdrew 26 Dec 1996. 23Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership
succeeded by Russia; UNTWO suspended Russia from
27 Apr 2022, on same day Russia announced its
withdrawal (effective 27 Apr 2023), but declared
unilateral withdrawal 10 Jun 2022. 24East and
West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 25Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan
1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
26Belgium
withdrew 3 Jun 1997. 27Bahrain
withdrew 1 Feb 1984, rejoined 29 Sep 2001. 28Grenada
withdrew 9 Feb 1999. 29Qatar
withdrew 1 Feb 1986, rejoined 1 Jan 2002.
30Australia
withdrew 26 Jul 1990, rejoined 23 Sep 2004;
withdrew again 19 Aug 2016. 31Finland
withdrew 6 Apr 2002. 32Canada withdrew
30 Dec 1995, rejoined 28 Jan 2000; withdrew
again 12 May 2012. 33as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 34Myanmar withdrew
4 Sep 1999, rejoined 1 Jun 2012. 35from
2018 Eswatini. 36from 2013
Cabo Verde. 37Moldova
joined 8 Oct 1993, but requested on 9 Nov 2005
for its accession to be considered effective on
1 Jan 2002. 38Latvia
withdrew 22 Dec 2012. 39U.K.
withdrew 21 Aug 2009. 40Norway
withdrew 9 Oct 2015.
|
|
Date of Admission
|
Associate Members of UNWTO
(8)
|
17 Oct 1975
|
Gibraltar1
|
5 Sep 1979
|
Netherlands Antilles2
|
17 Sep 1981
|
Macau
|
4 Apr 1986
|
Puerto Rico3
|
1 Oct 1987
|
Aruba
|
21 Oct 1995
|
Madeira
|
24 Oct 1997
|
Flemish Community of Belgium
|
1 Oct 1999
|
Hong Kong
|
10 Dec 2010
|
Curaçao, Sint Maarten |
1Gibraltar
withdrew 21 May 1986. 2Netherlands
Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010;
the Caribbean part of The
Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and
Saba) continues under its membership.
3Puerto
Rico withdrew 17 Nov 1995, rejoined 20 May 2002.
|
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Logo Adopted 6 Oct 1997
|
1 Jan
1948
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) inaugurated
(signed 30 Oct 1947).
24 Mar
1948
The Havana Charter, signed by 56 countries, proposed the
creation
of the International Trade Organization (ITO)(not
ratified,
the U.S. announced its rejection on 6 Dec 1950).
1 Jan
1995
GATT - as an international agency - is replaced by the
World Trade Organization (WTO), a permanent international
organization.
Executive Secretary
1 Jan 1948 - 23 Mar 1965 Eric Wyndham
White
(U.K.)
(b. 1913 - d. 1980)
Directors-general
23 Mar 1965 - 6 May
1968 Eric Wyndham White
(U.K.)
(s.a.)
6 May 1968 - 1
Oct 1980 Olivier Long
(Switzerland)
(b. 1915 - d. 2003)
1 Oct 1980 - 1
Jul 1993 Arthur Dunkel
(Switzerland)
(b. 1932 - d. 2005)
1 Jul 1993 - 1
May 1995 Peter Sutherland
(Ireland)
(b. 1946 - d. 2018)
1 May 1999 - 30 Apr
1999 Renato Ruggiero
(Italy)
(b. 1930 - d. 2013)
1 May 1999 - 1 Sep
1999 David Hartridge (U.K.) (acting)
(b. 1939)
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2002 Michael "Mike"
Moore (New Zealand) (b. 1949 - d. 2020)
1 Sep 2002 - 1
Sep 2005 Supachai Panitchpakdi
(Thailand) (b. 1946)
1 Sep 2005 - 1
Sep 2013 Pascal Lamy
(France)
(b. 1947)
1 Sep 2013 - 31 Aug 2020 Roberto
Carvalho de Azevêdo (Brazil)(b. 1957)
1 Sep 2020 - 1 Mar 2021 Yonov
Frederick Agah (Nigeria) (b. 1956)
+ Karl-Ernst Brauner (Germany)
+ Alan William Wolff (U.S.)
(b. 1942)
+ Yi Xiaozhun
(China)
(b. 1951)
(deputy directors-general; acting)
1 Mar 2021
-
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (f)(Nigeria) (b. 1954)
GATT membership 1948-1994 (75)
Date of
Accession
|
Member Nations
|
1 Jan
1948 |
Australia, Belgium, Canada,
China1, Cuba2,
Czechoslovakia3,
France, Luxembourg, The Netherlands,
United Kingdom, United States |
13 Jun 1948 |
South Africa |
8 Jul 1948 |
India |
10 Jul 1948 |
Norway |
11 Jul 1948 |
Southern Rhodesia4 |
29 Jul 1948 |
Burma5,
Ceylon6 |
30 Jul 1948 |
Brazil, Lebanon7, New
Zealand, Pakistan |
31 Jul 1948 |
Syria8 |
16 Mar 1949 |
Chile |
1 Jan 1950 |
Haiti |
24 Feb 1950 |
Indonesia |
1 Mar 1950 |
Greece |
20 Apr 1950 |
Liberia9
|
30 Apr 1950 |
Sweden |
19 May 1950 |
Dominican Republic |
25 May 1950 |
Finland |
28 May 1950 |
Denmark, Nicaragua |
30 May 1950 |
Italy |
1 Oct 1951 |
(West) Germany |
7 Oct 1951 |
Peru |
17 Oct 1951 |
Turkey |
19 Oct 1951 |
Austria |
6 Dec 1953 |
Uruguay |
10 Sep 1955 |
Japan |
17 Oct 1957 |
Ghana |
24 Oct 1957 |
Malaya10 |
18 Nov 1960 |
Nigeria |
19 May 1961 |
Sierra Leone |
9 Dec 1961 |
Tanganyika11 |
6 May 1962 |
Portugal |
5 Jul 1962 |
Israel |
23 Oct 1962 |
Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda |
3 May 1963 |
Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon,
Kuwait,
Upper Volta12 |
12 Jul 1963 |
Chad |
15 Jul 1963 |
Cyprus |
29 Aug 1963 |
Spain |
12 Sep 1963 |
Dahomey13 |
27 Sep 1963 |
Senegal |
30 Sep 1963 |
Madagascar, Mauritania |
31 Dec 1963 |
Ivory Coast14, Jamaica, Niger |
5 Feb 1964 |
Kenya |
20 Mar 1964 |
Togo |
28 Aug 1964 |
Malawi |
17 Nov 1964 |
Malta |
22 Feb 1965 |
The Gambia |
13 Mar 1965 |
Burundi |
1 Jan 1966 |
Rwanda |
5 Jul 1966 |
Guyana |
1 Aug 1966 |
Switzerland |
25 Aug 1966 |
Yugoslavia15 |
15 Feb 1967 |
Barbados |
14 Apr 1967 |
South Korea |
11 Oct 1967 |
Argentina |
18 Oct 1967 |
Poland16 |
22 Dec 1967 |
Ireland |
21 Apr 1968 |
Iceland |
9 May 1970 |
Egypt |
2 Sep 1970 |
Mauritius |
11 Sep 1971 |
Zaire |
14 Nov 1971 |
Romania17 |
16 Dec 1972 |
Bangladesh |
20 Aug 1973 |
Singapore |
9 Sep 1973 |
Hungary18 |
22 Mar 1978 |
Suriname |
27 Dec 1979 |
The Philippines |
3 Oct 1981 |
Colombia |
10 Feb 1982 |
Zambia |
20 Nov 1982 |
Thailand |
19 Apr 1983 |
Maldives |
7 Oct 1983 |
Belize |
23 Apr 1986 |
Hong Kong |
24 Aug 1986 |
Mexico |
30 Mar 1987 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
17 Jun 1987 |
Morocco |
28 Aug 1987 |
Botswana |
8 Jan 1988 |
Lesotho |
29 Aug 1990 |
Tunisia |
31 Aug 1990 |
Venezuela |
8 Sep 1990 |
Bolivia |
24 Nov 1990 |
Costa Rica |
11 Jan 1991 |
Macau |
22 May 1991 |
El Salvador |
10 Oct 1991 |
Guatemala |
27 Jul 1992 |
Mozambique |
15 Sep 1992 |
Namibia |
11 Jan 1993 |
Mali |
8 Feb 1993 |
Swaziland |
13 Apr 1993 |
Saint Lucia |
15 Apr 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
20 Apr 1993 |
Dominica |
18 May 1993 |
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines |
16 Nov 1993 |
Fiji |
9 Dec 1993 |
Brunei Darussalam |
13 Dec 1993 |
Bahrain |
6 Jan 1994 |
Paraguay |
9 Feb 1994 |
Grenada |
8 Mar 1994 |
United Arab Emirates |
17 Mar 1994 |
Guinea-Bissau |
24 Mar 1994 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
29 Mar 1994 |
Liechtenstein |
7 Apr 1994 |
Qatar |
8 Apr 1994 |
Angola |
10 Apr 1994 |
Honduras |
30 Oct 1994 |
Slovenia |
8 Dec 1994 |
Guinea |
16 Dec 1994 |
Djibouti, Papua New Guinea |
28 Dec 1994 |
Solomon Islands |
1China
(ROC) withdrew 5 May 1950; on 10 Jul 1986 China
(PRC) submitted an application that its
signatory status be restored, which it was not.
2Cuba:
U.S. suspended the treatment which the two
countries had granted each other under GATT
on 24 Mar 1962. 3Czechoslovakia
and U.S. had no obligations to each other under
GATT 2 Nov 1951 - 19 Dec 1992; Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 4as
Rhodesia and Nyasaland 30 Oct
1953 - 31 Dec 1963; from 1980 Zimbabwe.
5from
1989 Myanmar. 6from 1972
Sri Lanka. 7Lebanon
withdrew 25 Feb 1951. 8Syria
withdrew 6 Aug 1951. 9Liberia
withdrew 13 Jun 1953. 10from 1963
Malaysia. 11from
1964 Tanzania. 12from 1984
Burkina Faso. 13from 1975
Benin. 14from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 15Yugoslavia
suspended from 19 Jun 1992, expelled 19 Jun
1993. 16Poland:
U.S. suspended its obligations under GATT 27 Oct
1982 - 19 Feb 1987. 17Romania:
U.S.
invoked provisions of Article XXXV concerning
the application of GATT between U.S. and Romania
14 Nov 1971 - 3 Aug 1975 and 3
Jul 1988 - 2 Nov 1993. 18Hungary:
U.S. invoked provisions of Article XXXV
concerning the application of GATT between
U.S. and Hungary 9
Sep 1973 - 7 Jul 1978.
|
WTO membership (166)
Date of
Accession |
Member Nations |
1 Jan 1995 |
Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Brazil,
Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica,
Côte d'Ivoire, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Dominica, European Union, Finland,
France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana,
Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait,
Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius,
Mexico, Morocco, Myanmar, Namibia, The
Netherlands1, New
Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay,
Peru, The Philippines, Portugal, Romania, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal,
Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland2,
Sweden, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, United
Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Zambia |
1 Mar 1995 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
5 Mar 1995 |
Zimbabwe |
9 Mar 1995 |
Dominican Republic, Jamaica |
26 Mar 1995 |
Turkey3 |
29 Mar 1995 |
Tunisia |
20 Apr 1995 |
Cuba |
21 Apr 1995 |
Israel |
30 Apr 1995 |
Colombia |
7 May 1995 |
El Salvador |
31 May 1995 |
Botswana, Central African
Republic, Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho,
Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Togo |
3 Jun 1995 |
Burkina Faso |
30 Jun 1995 |
Egypt |
1 Jul 1995 |
Poland, Switzerland |
21 Jul 1995 |
Guatemala |
23 Jul 1995 |
Burundi, Sierra Leone |
30 Jul 1995 |
Cyprus, Slovenia |
26 Aug 1995 |
Mozambique |
1 Sep 1995 |
Liechtenstein |
3 Sep 1995 |
Nicaragua |
12 Sep 1995 |
Bolivia |
25 Oct 1995 |
Guinea |
17 Nov 1995 |
Madagascar |
13 Dec 1995 |
Cameroon |
13 Jan 1996 |
Fiji |
21 Jan 1996 |
Ecuador |
30 Jan 1996 |
Haiti |
21 Feb 1996 |
St. Kitts and Nevis |
22 Feb 1996 |
Benin, Grenada |
10 Apr 1996 |
United Arab Emirates |
22 May 1996 |
Rwanda |
9 Jun 1996 |
Papua New Guinea |
26 Jul 1996 |
Solomon Islands |
23 Sep 1996 |
Angola |
19 Oct 1996 |
Chad |
23 Oct 1996 |
The Gambia |
1 Dec 1996 |
Bulgaria |
1 Jan 1997 |
Congo (Kinshasa) |
27 Mar 1997 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
29 Jan 1997 |
Mongolia |
6 Sep 1997 |
Panama |
20 Dec 1998 |
Kyrgyzstan |
10 Feb 1999 |
Latvia |
13 Nov 1999 |
Estonia |
11 Apr 2000 |
Jordan |
14 Jun 2000 |
Georgia |
8 Sep 2000 |
Albania |
9 Nov 2000 |
Oman |
30 Nov 2000 |
Croatia |
31 May 2001 |
Lithuania |
26 Jul 2001 |
Moldova |
11 Dec 2001 |
China |
1 Jan 2002 |
Taiwan4 |
5 Feb 2003 |
Armenia |
4 Apr 2003 |
Macedonia5 |
23 Apr 2004 |
Nepal |
13 Oct 2004 |
Cambodia |
11 Dec 2005 |
Saudi Arabia |
11 Jan 2007
|
Vietnam
|
27 Jul 2007
|
Tonga
|
16 May 2008
|
Ukraine
|
23 Jul 2008
|
Cape Verde6 |
29 Apr 2012
|
Montenegro
|
10 May 2012
|
Samoa
|
22 Aug 2012
|
Russia
|
24 Aug 2012
|
Vanuatu
|
2 Feb 2013
|
Laos
|
2 Mar 2013
|
Tajikistan
|
26 Jun 2014
|
Yemen
|
26 Apr 2015
|
Seychelles
|
30 Nov 2015
|
Kazakhstan
|
14 Jul 2016
|
Liberia
|
29 Jul 2016
|
Afghanistan
|
21 Aug 2024
|
Comoros
|
30 Aug 2024
|
Timor-Leste
|
1The
Netherlands membership includes Aruba and Netherlands
Antilles (which dissolved 10 Oct 2010, and
was succeeded by, Curaçao and Sint
Maarten). 2from
2018 Eswatini. 3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4ROC (Taiwan)
participates as the "Separate Customs Territory
of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu." 5as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 6from
2013 Cabo Verde.
|
© Ben Cahoon |