International
Organizations N-W
New
Development Bank (NDB)
3 Jul 2015
New Development Bank (NDB)(formerly referred to as the
"BRICS
Development Bank") established.
Feb 2016
NDB becomes operational.
Presidents
21 Jul 2015 - 7 Jul 2020
Kundapur Vaman Kamath (India) (b. 1947)
7 Jul 2020 - 24 Mar 2023 Marcos Prado Troyjo
(Brazil) (b. 1966)
24 Mar 2023
-
Dilma Vana Rousseff (f)(Brazil) (b. 1947)
NDB membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
3 Jul 2015 |
Brazil, China, India, Russia,
South Africa |
16 Sep 2021
|
Bangladesh
|
4 Oct 2021
|
United Arab Emirates
|
20 Feb 2023
|
Egypt
|
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
NAM website
|
Coordinating Bureau:
United Nations
(New York City, U.S);
NAM CSSTC: Jakarta
(Indonesia)
|
1 Sep
1961
Non-Aligned Movement founded.
20 Oct
1995
Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation (CSSTC) in
Indonesia established.
Chairmen of the Non-Aligned Movement
1 Sep 1961 - 10 Oct 1964 Josip Broz
Tito (Yugoslavia) (b. 1892 - d.
1980)
10 Oct 1964 - 10 Sep 1970 Gamal Abdel
Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 -
d. 1970)
10 Sep 1970 - 9 Sep 1973 Kenneth
Kaunda
(Zambia)
(b. 1924 - d. 2021)
9 Sep 1973 - 19 Aug 1976 Houari
Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932 - d.
1978)
19 Aug 1976 - 23 Jul 1977 Sirimavo
Bandaranaike (f) (b. 1916 - d.
2000)
(Sri Lanka)
23 Jul 1977 - 6 Feb 1978 Junius Richard
Jayawardene (b. 1906 - d.
1996)
(Sri Lanka)
6 Feb 1978 - 9 Sep 1979 Ranasinghe
Premadasa (b.
1924 - d. 1993)
(Sri Lanka)
9 Sep 1979 - 12 Mar 1983
Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time) (b. 1926 - d.
2016)
12 Mar 1983 - 31 Oct 1984
Indira Gandhi (f) (India)
(b. 1917 - d. 1984)
31 Oct 1984 - 6 Sep 1986 Rajiv Gandhi
(India)
(b. 1944 - d. 1991)
6 Sep 1986 - 7 Sep 1989
Robert Mugabe
(Zimbabwe) (b.
1924 - d. 2019)
7 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990 Janez
Drnovšek (Yugoslavia) (b. 1950 -
d. 2008)
16 May 1990 - 15 May 1991 Borisav Jović
(Yugoslavia) (b. 1928 - d.
2021)
16 May 1991 - 1 Jul 1991 Sejdo
Bajramović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1927 - d. 1994)
1 Jul 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Stjepan
"Stipe" Mesić
(b. 1934)
(Yugoslavia)
5 Dec 1991 - 15 Jun 1992 Branko
Kostić (Yugoslavia)
(b. 1939 - d. 2020)
15 Jun 1992 - 6 Sep 1992 Dobrica Ćosić
(Yugoslavia) (b. 1921 - d.
2014)
6 Sep 1992 - 20 Oct 1995 Suharto
(Indonesia)
(b. 1921 - d. 2008)
20 Oct 1995 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto
Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950)
7 Aug 1998 - 3 Sep 1998
Andrés Pastrana
Arango
(b. 1954)
(Colombia)
3 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson
Mandela (South Africa) (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
16 Jun 1999 - 25 Feb 2003 Thabo Mbeki
(South Africa) (b. 1942)
25 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 Datuk
Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925)
(Malaysia)
31 Oct 2003 - 16 Sep 2006 Datuk Abdullah
Ahmad Badawi (b. 1939)
(Malaysia)
16 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008 Fidel Castro
(Cuba)(2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Feb 2008 - 16 Jul 2009 Raúl Castro
(Cuba)
(b. 1931)
16 Jul 2009 - 11 Feb 2011 Hosni
Mubarak (Egypt) (b.
1928 - d. 2020)
11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012 Muhammad Hussein Tantawi
(Egypt)(b. 1931 - d. 2021)
30 Jun 2012 - 31 Aug 2012 Muhammad Morsi (Egypt)
(b. 1951 - d.
2019)
31 Aug 2012 - 3 Aug 2013 Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad (Iran) (b. 1956)
3 Aug 2013 - 18 Sep 2016 Hassan Rouhani
(Iran)
(b. 1948)
18 Sep 2016 - 25 Oct 2019
Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela)
(b. 1962)
25 Oct 2019 - 17 Jan 2024 Ilham
Aliyev (Azerbaijan)
(b. 1961)
17 Jan 2024
-
Yoweri Museveni
(Uganda) (b.
1944?)
NAM membership (121)
Date
of
Admission
|
Member
Nations
|
1 Sep 1961
|
Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma1, Cambodia,
Ceylon2,
Congo (Kinshasa)3,
Cuba, Cyprus4,
Egypt5,
Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq,
Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (Sana)6, Yugoslavia7
|
5 Oct 1964
|
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad, Congo
(Brazzaville), Dahomey8, Jordan,
Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Libya, Malawi,
Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria,
Tanganyika9,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia
|
8 Sep 1970
|
Botswana, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Guyana, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malaysia, Rwanda,
Singapore, Swaziland10, Trinidad and
Tobago, United Arab Emirates,
Yemen (Aden)6
|
5 Sep 1973
|
Argentina11, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, The Gambia, Ivory Coast12, Madagascar13, Malta14, Mauritius,
Niger, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Vietnam15, Upper
Volta16
|
15 Aug 1976
|
Belize17, Cape Verde18, Comoros,
Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mozambique, North
Korea, Palestine, Panama, São Tomé and
Príncipe, Seychelles, Vietnam
|
3 Sep 1979
|
Bolivia, Grenada, Iran,
Namibia19,
Nicaragua, Pakistan, Zimbabwe
|
7 Mar 1983
|
The Bahamas, Barbados,
Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Saint Lucia,
Suriname, Vanuatu
|
4 Sep 1989
|
Venezuela
|
2 Sep 1991
|
Mongolia |
1 Sep 1992
|
Brunei Darussalam, Guatemala,
Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Uzbekistan
|
4 Oct 1993
|
Eritrea, Honduras, Thailand
|
31 May 1994
|
South Africa
|
18 Oct 1995
|
Turkmenistan
|
2 Sep 1998
|
Belarus
|
8 Apr 2000
|
Dominican Republic
|
20 Feb 2003
|
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Timor-Leste
|
29 May 2006
|
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica
|
16 Sep 2006
|
Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
25 May 2011
|
Azerbaijan, Fiji
|
17 Jan 2024
|
South Sudan
|
1from
1989 Myanmar. 2from
1972 Sri Lanka. 3Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 4Cyprus
ceased to be a member 1 May 2004. 51958 - 1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union. 6Yemen (Aden)
and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen. 7Yugoslavia
suspended from 30 Sep 1992; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro,
dissolved 5 Jun 2006. 8from 1975
Benin. 9United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed
Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 10from 2018
Eswatini. 11Argentina
withdrew 19 Sep 1991. 12from 1985 Côte
d'Ivoire. 13to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. 14Malta ceased
to be a member 1 May 2004. 15Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of
South Vietnam was represented by
National Liberation Front (NLF), from 30
Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul
1976 united with North Vietnam as Socialist
Republic of Vietnam. 16from 1984
Burkina Faso. 17Belize
a special member to 25 Sep 1981. 18from 2013
Cabo Verde. 19Namibia
was
represented by South West African
People's Organization (SWAPO) 3 Sep 1979
- 21 Mar 1990 (this not
recognized by South Africa).
|
Nordic Council (Norden)
-
- Nov 1984 - 2004
|
-
- 2004 - 1 Nov 2016
|
-
- Adopted 1 Nov 2016
|
12 Feb 1953
Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated.
1 Jul
1962
"Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki"
(23 Mar 1962 signed) in force.
Jul
1971
Secretariat inaugurated.
Secretaries-general
Jul 1971 - Jun
1973 Emil
Kristian Vindsetmo (Norway) (b. 1916 - d. 1983)
Dec 1973 - Aug
1977 Helge
Seip
(Norway)
(b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Aug 1977 - Aug
1982 Gudmund
Saxrud (Norway)
(b. 1920 - d. 2003)
Sep 1982 - Jan
1987
Ilkka-Christian
Björklund
(b. 1947)
(Finland)
Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989
Cay Gerhard af Schultén (Finland) (b. 1938)
1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994 Jostein
Osnes (Norway)
(b. 1942)
(interim to 1 Jan 1990)
1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996 Anders Wenström
(Sweden) (b. 1946)
1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999 Berglind
Ásgeirsdóttir (f)
(b. 1955)
(Iceland)
1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007 Frida
Nokken (f)
(Norway)
(b. 1948)
1 Aug 2007 - 31 Dec 2013 Jan-Erik Enestam
(Finland) (b. 1947)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Jan 2021 Britt Bohlin Olsson
(f)(Sweden) (b. 1956)
1 Feb 2021
-
Kristina Háfoss (f)(Faroe Islands) (b. 1975)
Presidents
12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953 Hans Hedtoft
(Denmark)
(b. 1903 - d. 1955)
1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Einar Henry
Gerhardsen (Norway) (b. 1897 - d.
1987)
1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955 Nils Herlitz
(Sweden)
(b. 1888 - d. 1978)
1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 Erik Eriksen
(Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957 Lennart Heljas
(Finland)
(b. 1896 - d. 1972)
1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958 Nils Hønsvald
(Norway) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1971)
1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959 Bertil Ohlin
(Sweden) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1979)
1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960 Gísli Jónsson
(Iceland)
(b. 1889 - d. 1970)
1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961 Erik Eriksen
(Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962 Karl August
Fagerholm (Finland) (b. 1901 - d.
1984)
1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Nils Hønsvald
(Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964 Bertil Ohlin
(Sweden) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965 Sigurdur Bjarnason
(Iceland) (b. 1915 -
d. 2012)
1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966 Harald Nielsen
(Denmark)
(b. 1896 - d. 1976)
1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Eino Armas Sirén
(Finland)
(b. 1909 - d. 1981)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Svenn Thorkild
Stray (Norway) (b. 1922 -
d. 2012)
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Leif Cassel
(Sweden)
(b. 1906 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Matthías Árnason
Mathiesen (b. 1931
- d. 2011)
(1st time) (Iceland)
1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 Jens Otto Krag
(Denmark)
(b. 1914 - d. 1978)
1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 Vieno Johannes
Sukselainen
(b. 1906 - d. 1995)
(Finland) (1st time)
1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 Kåre Isaachsen
Willoch (Norway) (b. 1928 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 Johannes Antonsson
(Sweden) (b.
1921 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Ragnhildur
Helgadóttir (f)
(b. 1930 - d. 2016)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2024)
1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 Vieno Johannes
Sukselainen
(s.a.)
(Finland) (2nd time)
1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Trygve Bratteli
(Norway)
(b. 1910 - d. 1984)
1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Olof Palme
(Sweden)
(b. 1927 - d. 1986)
1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Matthías Árnason
Mathiesen (s.a.)
(2nd time) (Iceland)
1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 Elsi
Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927 - d. 2023)
(Finland)
1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Jo Benkow
(Norway)
(b. 1924 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Karin Söder (f)
(Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Páll Pétursson
(Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Anker Jørgensen
(Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Elsi
Hetemäki-Olander (f)
(s.a.)
(Finland) (2nd time)
1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Jan Peder
Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Karin Söder (f)
(Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Páll Pétursson
(Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Anker Jørgensen
(Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ilkka Olavi
Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939 - d.
2022)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Jan Peder Syse
(Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1994 - 1 Oct 1994 Sten Andersson
(Sweden)
(b. 1923 - d. 2006)
1 Oct 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Per Olof Håkansson
(Sweden) (b. 1941 - d. 2000)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Geir Hilmar Haarde
(Iceland) (b. 1951)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Knud Enggaard
(Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Olof Salmén
(Finland)
(b. 1927 - d. 2011)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Berit Brørby Larsen
(f) (Norway) (b. 1950)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gun Hellsvik (f)
(Sweden)
(b. 1942 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Sigrídur Anna
Thórdardóttir (f) (b. 1946)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Svend Erik Hovmand
(Denmark) (b. 1945)
1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Outi Ojala
(f)(Finland)
(b. 1946 - d. 2017)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Inge Lønning
(Norway)
(b. 1938 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Lars Gabriel
Romanus (Sweden) (b. 1939)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Rannveig
Gudmundsdóttir (f)
(b. 1940)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Ole Stavad
(Denmark)
(b. 1949)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Dagfinn Høybråten
(Norway)
(b. 1957)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Erkki Tuomioja
(Finland)
(b. 1946)
(1st time)
1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009
Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden)
(b. 1947)
1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Helgi
Hjörvar
(Iceland)
(b. 1967)
1 Jan 2011 - 21 Oct 2011 Henrik Dam
Kristensen (Denmark) (b. 1957)
(1st time)
21 Oct 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Bertel Haarder (Denmark)(1st
time) (b. 1944)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Kimmo Sasi
(Finland)
(b. 1952)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Marit Nybakk
(f)(Norway) (b.
1947)
1 Jan 2014 - 30 Sep 2014 Karin Åström (f)
(Sweden)
(b. 1953)
22 Oct 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Hans Wallmark
(Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1965)
1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Höskuldur
Thórhallsson (Iceland) (b. 1973)
1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Henrik Dam
Kristensen (Denmark) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Britt Lundberg (f)
(Finland) (b. 1963)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Michael Tetzschner
(Norway) (b. 1954)
1 Jan 2019 - 26 Jun 2019 Jessica Polfjärd
(f)(Sweden) (b.
1971)
26 Jun 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Hans Wallmark
(Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Silja Dögg
Gunnarsdóttir (f) (b. 1973)
(Iceland)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Bertel Haarder
(Denmark)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Erkki Tuomioja
(Finland) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Jorodd Asphjell
(Norway)
(b. 1960)
1 Jan 2024 -
Bryndís Haraldsdóttir
(f) (b. 1976)
(Iceland)
Nordic Council Membership (5)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
12 Feb 1953 |
Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden |
27 Jan 1956 |
Finland |
|
Date of
Participation
|
Member Territories (3)
|
1 Jan 1970 |
Aland Islands, Faroe Islands |
15 Jul 1983 |
Greenland |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
-
- Adopted 14 Oct 1953
|
4 Apr
1949
"The North Atlantic Treaty" is signed in Washington,
D.C.
24 Aug
1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization established.
11 Jan
1994
Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet
states
and Eastern European nations created.
Secretaries-general
4 Apr 1952 - 16 May
1957 Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 -
d. 1965)
16 May 1957 - 4 Mar
1961 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 -
d. 1972)
4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr
1961 Alberico Casardi (Italy)(acting) (b.
1903 - d. 1979)
21 Apr 1961 - 1 Aug
1964 Dirk Uipko
Stikker
(b. 1897 - d. 1979)
(The
Netherlands)
1 Aug 1964 - 1
Oct 1971 Manlio Brosio
(Italy)
(b. 1897 - d. 1980)
1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun
1984 Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns
(b. 1911 - d. 2002)
(The Netherlands)
25 Jun 1984 - 1 Jul
1988 Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, (b.
1919 - d. 2018)
Baron Carrington of Upton (U.K.)
1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug
1994 Manfred Wörner
(Germany)
(b. 1934 - d. 1994)
13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct
1994 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934 -
d. 2018)
(acting)
17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct
1995 Willem "Willy" Werner
Hubert Claes (b. 1938)
(Belgium)
20 Oct 1995 - 5 Dec
1995 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
5 Dec 1995 - 6
Oct 1999 Javier Solana Madariaga
(Spain) (b. 1942)
14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec
2003 George Islay Macneill Robertson,
(b. 1946)
Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.)
17 Dec 2003 - 5 Jan
2004 Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy)
(b. 1940)
(acting)
5 Jan 2004 - 1
Aug 2009 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de
Hoop (b. 1948)
Scheffer (The Netherlands)
1 Aug 2009 - 1 Oct 2014 Anders Fogh
Rasmussen (Denmark) (b. 1953)
1 Oct 2014 - 1 Oct 2024 Jens
Stoltenberg
(Norway)
(b. 1959)
1 Oct 2024 -
Mark Rutte (The Netherlands)
(b. 1967)
Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR) (all
from U.S.)
2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952 Dwight D.
Eisenhower
(b. 1890 - d. 1969)
30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B.
Ridgway
(b. 1895 - d. 1993)
11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M.
Gruenther
(b. 1899 - d. 1983)
20 Nov 1956 - 1 Jan 1963 Lauris
Norstad
(b. 1907 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1963 - 1 Jul 1969 Lyman
L.
Lemnitzer
(b. 1899 - d. 1988)
1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974 Andrew J.
Goodpaster
(b. 1915 - d. 2005)
15 Dec 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 Alexander
M.
Haig
(b. 1924 - d. 2010)
1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987 Bernard
Rogers
(b. 1921 - d. 2008)
26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John R.
Galvin
(b. 1929 - d. 2015)
23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993 John M.
Shalikashvili
(b. 1936 - d. 2011)
22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997 George A.
Joulwan
(b. 1939)
11 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2000 Wesley K.
Clark
(b. 1944)
3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003 Joseph W.
Ralston
(b. 1943)
17 Jan 2003 - 7 Dec 2006 James L.
Jones
(b. 1943)
7 Dec 2006 - 2 Jul 2009 Bantz J.
Craddock
(b. 1949)
2 Jul 2009 - 13 May 2013 James G.
Stavridis
(b. 1955)
13 May 2013 - 4 May 2016 Philip M.
Breedlove
(b. 1955)
4 May 2016 - 3 May 2019 Curtis M.
Scaparrotti
(b. 1956)
3 May 2019 - 4 Jul 2022 Tod D.
Wolters
(b. 1960)
4 Jul 2022
-
Christopher G.
Cavoli
(b. 1964)
NATO Membership (32)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
24 Aug 1949 |
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France1, Iceland,
Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United
Kingdom, United States |
18 Feb 1952 |
Greece2,
Turkey3 |
5 May 1955 |
(West) Germany |
30 May 1982 |
Spain4 |
12 Mar 1999 |
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland |
29 Mar
2004 |
Bulgaria,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia |
1 Apr 2009
|
Albania, Croatia
|
5 Jun 2017
|
Montenegro
|
27 Mar 2020
|
North Macedonia
|
4 Apr 2023
|
Finland
|
7 Mar 2024
|
Sweden
|
¹France
withdrew from integrated military structure
1 Jul 1966, rejoined 3 Apr 2009. 2Greece
withdrew from integrated military structure 14
Aug 1974, rejoined 20 Oct 1980.
3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4Spain
outside integrated military structure until 1
Jan 1999.
|
NATO Parliamentary Assembly
(institutionally independent from NATO)
1999 - 2012
|
Adopted 2012
|
18 Jul
1955
NATO Parliamentarians' Conference
Nov
1966
North Atlantic Assembly (NAA)
1 Jun
1999
NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO-PA)
Executive Secretary
1955 -
1960
Douglas Robinson
(U.K.)
(b. 1929?)
Secretaries-general
1960 - 31 Dec
1967 Otto
van Hinloopen
Labberton (b. 1913 -
d. 1982)
(The
Netherlands)
1 Jan 1968 - Dec 1986
Philippe Deshormes
(Belgium) (b. 1921 -
d. 1993)
Jan 1987 - May
1997 Peter
Corterier ([West] Germany) (b. 1936 - d. 2017)
31 May 1997 - 31 Dec 2007 Simon Lunn
(U.K.)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2019 David Hobbs
(U.K.)
(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2020
-
Ruxandra Popa (f)(France)
(b. 1964)
Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT)
1 Jul 1968
"Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons" signed.
5 Mar 1970
Treaty enters into force.
NPT state parties (191)
Date
of Ratification
|
Nation
Parties
|
5 Mar 1970
|
Afghanistan, Austria,
Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of
China¹,
Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia2, Denmark,
East Germany3,
Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Laos,
Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,
Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,
Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Soviet
Union4,
Swaziland5,
Sweden, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, United Kingdom,
United States, Upper Volta6, Yugoslavia7
|
11 Mar 1970
|
Greece
|
7 Apr 1970
|
Maldives
|
4 May 1970
|
Ghana
|
20 May 1970
|
Lesotho
|
26 May 1970
|
Bolivia
|
2 Jun 1970
|
Haiti
|
11 Jun 1970
|
Kenya
|
15 Jul 1970
|
Lebanon
|
4 Aug 1970
|
Zaire8
|
10 Aug 1970
|
San Marino
|
31 Aug 1970
|
Uruguay
|
22 Sep 1970
|
Guatemala
|
8 Oct 1970
|
Madagascar
|
25 Oct 1970
|
Central African Republic
|
27 Nov 1970
|
Morocco
|
17 Dec 1970
|
Senegal
|
25 Feb 1971
|
Holy See
|
10 Mar 1971
|
Chad
|
17 Mar 1971
|
Burundi
|
7 Jul 1971
|
Tonga
|
24 Jul 1971
|
Dominican Republic
|
10 Sep 1971
|
South Vietnam9
|
2 Jun 1972
|
Cambodia
|
11 Jul 1972
|
El Salvador
|
21 Jul 1972
|
Fiji
|
5 Oct 1972
|
The Philippines
|
31 Oct 1972
|
Dahomey10
|
7 Dec 1972
|
Thailand
|
23 Jan 1973
|
Australia
|
6 Mar 1973
|
Ivory Coast11, Nicaragua
|
16 May 1973
|
Honduras
|
31 Oct 1973
|
The Sudan
|
19 Feb 1974
|
Gabon
|
26 Feb 1975
|
Sierra Leone
|
17 Mar 1975
|
Western Samoa12
|
23 Apr 1975
|
South Korea
|
2 May 1975
|
Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, West Germany3
|
12 May 1975
|
The Gambia
|
20 May 1975
|
Rwanda
|
26 May 1975
|
Libya
|
2 Sep 1975
|
Grenada
|
25 Sep 1975
|
Venezuela
|
10 Mar 1976
|
Singapore
|
8 Jun 1976
|
Japan
|
30 Jun 1976
|
Suriname
|
11 Aug 1976
|
The Bahamas
|
20 Aug 1976
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
13 Jan 1977
|
Panama
|
9 Mar 1977
|
Switzerland
|
15 Dec 1977
|
Portugal
|
20 Apr 1978
|
Liechtenstein
|
23 Oct 1978
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
19 Jan 1979
|
Tuvalu
|
5 Mar 1979
|
Sri Lanka
|
1 Jun 1979
|
Yemen (Aden)13
|
12 Jul 1979
|
Indonesia
|
31 Aug 1979
|
Bangladesh
|
24 Oct 1979
|
Cape Verde14 |
28 Dec 1979
|
Saint Lucia
|
21 Feb 1980
|
Barbados
|
17 Apr 1980
|
Turkey15 |
26 Feb 1981
|
Egypt
|
17 Jun 1981
|
Solomon Islands
|
13 Jan 1982
|
Papua New Guinea
|
7 Jun 1982
|
Nauru
|
14 Jun 1982
|
Vietnam
|
20 Oct 1982
|
Uganda
|
20 Jul 1983
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
10 Aug 1984
|
Dominica
|
1 Nov 1984
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
6 Nov 1984
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines
|
12 Mar 1985
|
Seychelles
|
18 Apr 1985
|
Kiribati
|
29 Apr 1985
|
Guinea
|
26 Mar 1985
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
23 May 1985
|
Bhutan
|
17 Jun 1985
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
9 Aug 1985
|
Belize
|
12 Dec 1985
|
North Korea16
|
18 Feb 1986
|
Malawi
|
8 Apr 1986
|
Colombia
|
14 May 1986
|
Yemen (Sana)13
|
30 Oct 1986
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
5 Nov 1987
|
Spain
|
3 Oct 1988
|
Saudi Arabia
|
3 Nov 1988
|
Bahrain
|
3 Apr 1989
|
Qatar
|
17 Nov 1989
|
Kuwait
|
4 Sep 1990
|
Mozambique
|
12 Sep 1990
|
Albania
|
15 May 1991
|
Zambia
|
31 May 1991
|
Tanzania
|
10 Jul 1991
|
South Africa
|
23 Sep 1991
|
Lithuania
|
26 Sep 1991
|
Zimbabwe
|
7 Jan 1992
|
Estonia
|
31 Jan 1992
|
Latvia
|
9 Mar 1992
|
People's Republic of China¹
|
7 Apr 1992
|
Slovenia
|
7 May 1992
|
Uzbekistan
|
29 Jun 1992
|
Croatia
|
2 Aug 1992
|
France
|
22 Sep 1992
|
Azerbaijan
|
2 Oct 1992
|
Namibia
|
9 Oct 1992
|
Niger
|
2 Dec 1992
|
Myanmar
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
9 Feb 1993
|
Belarus
|
21 Jul 1993
|
Armenia
|
19 Oct 1993
|
Guyana
|
26 Oct 1993
|
Mauritania
|
17 Jan 1994
|
Tajikistan
|
14 Feb 1994
|
Kazakhstan
|
7 Mar 1994
|
Georgia
|
5 Jul 1994
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
15 Aug 1994
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
29 Sep 1994
|
Turkmenistan
|
11 Oct 1994
|
Moldova
|
5 Dec 1994
|
Ukraine
|
12 Jan 1995
|
Algeria
|
30 Jan 1995
|
Marshall Islands
|
10 Feb 1995
|
Argentina
|
13 Mar 1995
|
Monaco
|
16 Mar 1995
|
Eritrea
|
30 Mar 1995
|
Macedonia17 |
14 Apr 1995
|
Federated States of
Micronesia, Palau
|
25 May 1995
|
Chile
|
24 Aug 1995
|
Vanuatu
|
26 Sep 1995
|
United Arab Emirates
|
4 Oct 1995
|
Comoros
|
7 Jun 1996
|
Andorra
|
14 Oct 1996
|
Angola
|
16 Oct 1996
|
Djibouti
|
23 Jan 1997
|
Oman
|
18 Sep 1998
|
Brazil
|
4 Nov 2002
|
Cuba
|
5 May 2003
|
Timor-Leste
|
3 Jun 2006
|
Montenegro
|
10 Feb 2015
|
Palestine
|
¹Republic
of China (Taiwan) an original NPT signatory on 27
Jan 1970 and represented China until 15 Nov 1971,
when the UN voted to have China represented by the
People's Republic of China (though Taiwan
states it will continue to abide by the treaty); the
People's Republic of China acceded to the
NPT 29 Dec 1991, effective 9 Mar 1992. 2Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan
1993 succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
3East
Germany and West Germany united 1990. 4Soviet Union
dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. 5from 2018
Eswatini. 6from
1984 Burkina Faso. 7succession
to the Treaty by the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia is 27 April 1992; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia.
8from 1997 Congo
(Kinshasa). 9unification
with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976 as Socialist
Republic of Vietnam; by letters of 1 Aug 1979 and
6 May 1980 Vietnam stated that it did not consider
itself bound by treaties previously ratified by
South Vietnam; Socialist Republic of
Vietnam acceded to NPT on 14 Jun 1982. 10from 1975
Benin. 11from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 12from 1997
Samoa. 13Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as
Yemen. 14from 2013
Cabo Verde. 15from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
16North
Korea withdrew 10 Jan 2003. 17as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
|
Organisation Commune Africaine
et Malgache (OCAM): see African and
Malagasy Common Organization
Organization of
African Unity (OAU): see African
Union
Organization of African, Caribbean and
Pacific States (OACPS)
- c.1976 - 17 Jun 2013
|
- Adopted
17 Jun 2013
|
28 Feb
1975 European
Communities and ACP States sign First
Lomé Convention
granting
financial, technical assistance and trade concessions.
6 Jun 1975
Georgetown Agreement formally
creating the ACP Group signed.
23 Jun 2000
Cotonou Agreement signed
(effective 1 Apr 2003).
19 Dec
2019
Revised Georgetown Agreement signed (effective 5 Apr
2020).
5 Apr 2020
Organization of African, Caribbean
and Pacific States (OACPS).
Secretaries-general
1976 - 1979
Tieoulé Konaté
(Mali)
(b. 1933 - d. 1995)
1979 -
1984
Tom Okelo-Odongo
(Kenya)
(b. 1927 - d. 1991)
1984 - 1989
Edwin Wilberforce Carrington (b.
1938)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
1989 - 1994
Ghebray Berhane
(Ethiopia)
(b. 1938)
1994 -
1996
Carl Barrington Greenidge (Guyana) (b. 1949)
(interim)
16 Jul 1996 - 29
Feb 2000 Ng'andu Peter Magande
(Zambia) (b. 1947)
1 Mar 2000
- 28 Feb 2005 Jean-Robert Goulongana
(Gabon) (b. 1953)
1 Mar 2005
- 28 Feb 2010 Sir John
Kaputin
(b. 1941)
(Papua New Guinea)
1 Mar 2010 - 31 Mar 2013
Mohamed Ibn Chambas
(Ghana) (b.
1950)
1 Apr 2013 - 28 Feb
2015 Alhaji Muhammad Mumuni
(Ghana) (b. 1949)
1 Mar 2015 - 29 Feb 2020 Patrick
Ignatius Gomes (Guyana) (b. 1941)
1
Mar 2020 -
Georges Rebelo Pinto Chikoti
(b. 1955)
(Angola)
OACPS membership (79)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
6 Jun 1975 |
The Bahamas, Barbados,
Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey1,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Ivory Coast2,
Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
The Sudan, Swaziland3,
Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
Uganda, Upper Volta4,
Western Samoa5, Zaire6,
Zambia |
8 Dec 1984 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Belize,
Cape Verde7, Comoros,
Djibouti, Dominica, Kiribati, Liberia, Mozambique,
Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé
and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands,
Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe
|
4 Nov 1995 |
Angola, Dominican Republic,
Haiti |
23 Jun 2000 |
Cook Islands, Eritrea,
Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, South Africa8
|
14 Dec 2000 |
Cuba |
16 May 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
19 Dec 2022
|
Maldives
|
1from
1975 Benin. 2from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 3from
2018 Eswatini. 4from
1984 Burkina Faso. 5from
1997 Samoa. 6from
1997 Congo (Kinshasa). 7from
2013 Cabo Verde. 8South
Africa withdraws 2 Sep 2022.
|
Organization of American States (OAS)
1910 - 1948
|
Adopted Apr 1961
|
OAS website
|
OAS
Charter
(2 May 1948)
|
Headquarters:
Washington, D.C.
(United States)
|
OAS Day: 14
Apr (1890)
Pan American Day
|
14 Apr
1890
Commercial Bureau of the American Republics
26 Aug
1890
Secretariat established.
29 Jan
1902
International Bureau of the American Republics
11 Aug
1910
Pan-American Union
30 Apr
1948
Organization of American States (OAS)(Organización de
los Estados
Americanos/Organização dos Estados
Americanos/Organisation
des États Américains).
Directors (all from the U.S.)
26 Aug 1890 - 18 May 1893 William Eleroy Curtis
(b. 1850
- d. 1911)
18 May 1893 - 29 Mar 1897 Clinton Furbish
(b. 1838 - d. 1904)
29 Mar 1897 - 5 Feb 1898 Joseph Patterson
Smith (b. 1856
- d. 1898)
5 Feb 1898 - 20 May 1899 Frederic
Emory
(b. 1853 - d. 1908)
(acting to 28 Feb 1898, then provisional)
20 May 1899 - 6 Mar 1905 William Woodville
Rockhill (b. 1854 - d.
1914)
6 Mar 1905 - 1 Jan
1907 Williams Carlton Fox
(b. 1855 - d. 1924)
(acting to 5 Apr 1905)
Directors-general
1 Jan 1907 - 1 Sep 1920 John
Barrett
(U.S.)
(b. 1866 - d. 1938)
1 Sep 1920 - 5 Dec 1946 Leo
Stanton Rowe
(U.S.)
(b. 1871 - d. 1946)
5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947 Pedro de
Alba Pérez (Mexico) (b.
1887 - d. 1960)
(acting)
27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Alberto Lleras Camargo
(Colombia) (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Secretaries-general
30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954 Alberto Lleras
Camargo (Colombia) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955 Carlos Gregorio
Dávila Espinosa (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
(Chile)
19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956 William Manger
(U.S.) (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968 José
Antonio Mora Otero (Uruguay) (b. 1897 -
d. 1975)
18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975 Galo Plaza
Lasso
(Ecuador)
(b. 1906 - d. 1987)
18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984 Alejandro José
Luis Orfila (b.
1925 - d. 2021)
(Argentina)
31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984 Valerie "Val"
Theodore McComie (b. 1920 - d.
2007)
(Barbados) (acting)
20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994 João Clemente
Baena Soares (Brazil)(b. 1931 - d. 2023)
20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994 Christopher Ray
Thomas (acting) (b. 1937)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004 César Gaviria
Trujillo (Colombia) (b. 1947)
15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004 Miguel Ángel
Rodríguez Echeverría (b. 1940)
(Costa Rica)
15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005 Luigi Roberto
Einaudi (U.S.) (b.
1936)
(acting)
26 May 2005 - 26 May 2015 José Miguel
Insulza
Salinas (b.
1943)
(Chile)
26 May 2015
-
Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes
(b. 1963)
(Uruguay)
OAS membership (34)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
30 Apr 1948 |
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba1,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras2, Mexico,
Nicaragua3, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay,
Venezuela4 |
17 Mar 1967 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
15 Nov 1967 |
Barbados |
20 Aug 1969 |
Jamaica |
13 May 1975 |
Grenada |
8 Jun 1977 |
Suriname |
22 May 1979 |
Dominica, Saint Lucia |
3 Dec 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines |
3 Mar 1982 |
The Bahamas |
12 Mar 1984 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
8 Jan 1990 |
Canada |
8 Jan 1991 |
Belize, Guyana |
1Cuba
suspended 14 Feb 1962 - 3 Jun 2009,
it refused to resume membership. 2Honduras
suspended 4 Jul 2009 - 1 Jun 2011. 3Nicaragua
initiated withdrawal 19 Nov 2021, officially
taking effect 19 Nov 2023 (it declared immediate
withdrawal 24 Apr 2022). 4Venezuela initiated
withdrawal 27 Apr 2017 (to be effective 27
Apr 2019); OAS recognizes Guaidó
government from 9 Apr 2019, it annuls the
denunciation.
|
Organization of Central American States
(ODECA)
Headquarters: San Salvador
(El Salvador) |
Hear
ODECA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 22 Jun 1971 |
14 Oct 1951
Organization of Central American States
(OCAS)
(Organización
de Estados Centroamericanos)(ODECA)
formed.
14 Oct 1955
Secretariat inaugurated.
30 Mar 1965
Second charter effective, signed on 12 Dec
1962.
1973
Functions suspended.
Secretaries-general
14 Oct 1955 - 15 Feb 1960 José Guillermo Trabanino
Guerrero (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
(El Salvador)
15 Feb 1960 - 15 Feb 1964
Marco Tulio Zeledón Matamoros
(b. 1913 - d. 1992)
(Costa
Rica)
15 Feb 1964 - 31 Mar 1969 Albino Román y Vega
(Nicaragua) (b. 1922 - d. ....)
(interim)
15 Sep 1970 - 1972 Manuel
Francisco Villacorta (b. 1923 -
d. 1988)
Vielmann (Guatemala)
(special representative to 1971)
1972 - 1973
Álvaro Fernández Escalante
(b. 1930 - d. 2021)
(Costa
Rica) (interim)
ODECA membership
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
14 Oct 1951
|
Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala1, Honduras2, Nicaragua
|
1Guatemala
withdrew 4 Apr 1953, rejoined 1954. 2Honduras
withdrew 1970.
|
Organization of
Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
Adopted 21 Jun 2006
|
OECS website
|
Headquarters:
Castries
(Saint Lucia)
|
OECS Day: 18
Jun (1981)
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States Day
|
27 Feb
1967
West Indies Associated States Supreme Court established.
18 Jun
1981
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded.
10 Aug 2012
OECS assembly inaugurated.
Directors-general
Jul 1982 - 1 Dec
1995 Vaughan A. Lewis (Saint
Lucia) (b. 1940)
Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001
Swinburne A.S. Lestrade (Dominica) (b. 1947)
31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003 George Goodwin,
Jr. (acting) (b. 194. -
d. 2009)
(Antigua and Barbuda)
12 May 2003 - 31 Dec 2013 Len Ishmael (f)
(Saint Lucia)
1 Jan 2014 - 30 Apr
2014 Bentley A. Browne (acting)
(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
1 May 2014
-
Didacus Jules (Saint Lucia) (b.
1956)
Speaker of the OECS Assembly
10 Aug 2012 -
René Mercedes
Baptiste (f) (b. 1951)
(Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines)
Chief Justices of the West Indies Associated
States Supreme Court
1967 - 1972
Allen Montgomery
Lewis
(b. 1909 - d. 1993)
(from 9
Jul 1968, Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis)
(Saint Lucia)
1972 -
1975
Percival Cecil Lewis
(acting) (b. 1912)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1975 -
1980
Sir Maurice Herbert Davis
(b. 1912 - d. 1988)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Chief Justices of the
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
1981 -
1983
Neville Peterkin (Grenada)
(b. 1915 - d. ....)
(from 11 Dec 1981, Sir Neville Peterkin)
1983 -
1984
Neville Algernon Berridge (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2000)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1984 -
1991
Lascelles Lister Robotham (Jamaica)(b. 1923 - d. 1996)
(from 28 Apr 1987, Sir Lascelles
Lister Robotham)
Nov 1991 - Jul
1996 Sir
Vincent Frederick Floissac (b. 1928 - d.
2010)
(Saint
Lucia)
1996 - Apr 2004
Charles Michael Dennis Byron (b.
1943)
(from 21 Jun 2000, Sir Charles Michael
Dennis Byron)
(acting to 1999)(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Jun 2004 - Feb
2005 Adrian
Dudley Saunders (acting) (b. 1954)
(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
1 Mar 2005 - 28 Apr 2008 Brian George Keith
Alleyne (b. 1943)
(from 16 Jul 2007, Sir Brian George Keith Alleyne)
(Dominica) (acting)
29 Apr 2008 - 31 Jul 2012 Hugh Anthony
Rawlins
(b. 1950)
from 27 Mar 2012, Sir Hugh Anthony Rawlins)
(acting to 30 May 2008)
(Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1 Aug 2012 - 5 May 2024 Janice
Mesadis Pereira (f)
(from 7 May 2013, Dame Janice Mesadis Pereira)
(acting to 24 Oct 2012)
(British Virgin Islands)
5 May 2024
-
Mario F. Michel
(acting)
(b. 1960)
(Saint Lucia)
OECS membership (7)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
4 Jul 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada,
Montserrat, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines |
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of OECS (4)
|
22 Nov 1984
|
British Virgin Islands
|
24 May 1998
|
Anguilla
|
9 Apr 2016
|
Martinique
|
14 Mar 2019
|
Guadeloupe
|
Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
OECD Flag to 15 Dec 2010
|
Adopted 15 Dec 2010
|
16 Apr
1948
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
30 Sep
1961
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD)
Secretaries-general
16 Apr 1948 - 1 Apr 1955 Robert
Marjolin
(France)
(b. 1911 - d. 1986)
1 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1960 René
Sergent
(France)
(b. 1904 - d. 1984)
1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969 Thorkil
Christensen (Denmark) (b.
1899 - d. 1989)
30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984 Emile van
Lennep (The Netherlands) (b. 1915 - d. 1996)
30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994 Jean-Claude Paye
(France)
(b. 1934)
(1st
time)
30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994 Staffan Sohlman (Sweden)
(interim) (b. 1937 - d. 2017)
30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996 Jean-Claude Paye
(France)
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006 Donald
James Johnston (Canada) (b. 1936
- d. 2022)
1 Jun 2006 - 31 May 2021 José Ángel
Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950)
1 Jun 2021 -
Mathias Hubert Paul Cormann
(b. 1970)
(Australia)
OECD membership (38)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
16 Apr 1948 |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
France, Germany1,
Greece, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste2,
Turkey3, United
Kingdom |
20 Jul 1959 |
Spain |
14 Dec 1960 |
European Economic Community4 |
30 Sep 1961 |
Canada, United States |
28 Apr 1964 |
Japan |
28 Jan 1969 |
Finland |
7 Jun 1971 |
Australia |
29 May 1973 |
New Zealand |
18 May 1994 |
Mexico |
21 Dec 1995 |
Czech Republic |
7 May 1996 |
Hungary |
22 Nov 1996 |
Poland |
12 Dec 1996 |
South Korea |
14 Dec 2000 |
Slovakia |
7 May 2010
|
Chile
|
21 Jul 2010
|
Slovenia
|
7 Sep 2010
|
Israel
|
9 Dec 2010
|
Estonia
|
1 Jul 2016
|
Latvia
|
5 Jul 2018
|
Lithuania
|
28 Apr 2020
|
Colombia
|
25 May 2021
|
Cost Rica
|
1Anglo-U.S.
"bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of
Germany. 2Trieste
Anglo-U.S. zone only; from 26 Oct 1954 part of
Italy. 3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4special
member; 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Nov 1993 European
Communities, from 1 Nov 1993 European Union. |
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
1981 - 28 Jun 2011
|
1981 - 28 Jun 2011
Variant
|
|
Adopted 28 Jun 2011
|
OIC website
|
Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)
|
OIC Day: 25
Sep (1969)
Organization of
Islamic Cooperation Day
|
22 Sep
1969
First Islamic Conference opened.
4 Mar 1972
Organization of the
Islamic Conference charter
signed
(effective 28 Feb 1973).
28 Jun 2011
Renamed Organization of Islamic
Cooperation.
Secretaries-general
Dec 1970 - 31 Dec 1973
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj
(b. 1903 - d. 1990)
(Malaysia)
1 Jan 1974 - Dec
1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt)
(b. 1924 - d. 2009)
Dec 1975 - Jan
1980 Amadou
Karim Gaye
(Senegal) (b.
1913 - d. 2000)
Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984
Habib Chatty
(Tunisia)
(b. 1916 - d. 1991)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Syed
Sharifuddin
Pirzada
(b. 1923 - d. 2017)
(Pakistan)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996 Hamid
Algabid
(Niger)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000 Azzedine
Laraki
(Morocco)
(b. 1929 - d. 2010)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004
Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco)
(b. 1939 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2013 Ekmeleddin
İhsanoğlu (Turkey) (b.
1943)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Oct 2016 Iyad bin Amin
Madani (Saudi Arabia)(b. 1946)
1 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2016 Abdullah Alim
(Saudi Arabia)
(acting)
17 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2021
Yousef bin Ahmad Abdul Rahman
Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia)
17 Nov 2021 -
Hissein Brahim Taha
(Chad)
(b. 1951)
OIC membership (57)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
22 Sep 1969 |
Afghanistan1,
Algeria, Chad, Egypt2,
Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia,
Turkey3,
Yemen (Aden)4,
Yemen (Sana)4 |
29 Feb 1972 |
Bahrain, Oman,
Qatar, Sierra Leone, Syria5, United
Arab Emirates |
1974 |
Bangladesh, Gabon, The
Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Uganda |
1975 |
Upper Volta6, Cameroon |
1976 |
Comoros, Iraq,
Maldives |
Apr 1978 |
Djibouti |
1982 |
Benin |
15 Jan 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
Jan 1986 |
Nigeria |
8 Dec 1991 |
Azerbaijan |
Jun 1992
|
Turkmenistan
|
Dec 1992 |
Albania, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Zanzibar7 |
10 Dec 1994 |
Mozambique |
12 Dec 1995 |
Kazakhstan |
2 Oct 1996 |
Uzbekistan |
Dec 1996 |
Suriname |
2 Oct 1997 |
Togo |
1 Oct 1998 |
Guyana |
27 Jun 2001 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
1Afghanistan
suspended 28 Jan 1980 - 13 Mar 1989 (seat then
given to rebels). 2Egypt
suspended 9 May 1979 - 30 Jan 1984. 3from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
4Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May
1990. 5Syria
suspended from 16 Aug 2012. 6from 1984
Burkina Faso. 7Zanzibar
withdrew Aug 1993. |
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
Adopted 1970
|
OPEC website
|
Headquarters:
Vienna
(Austria)
(Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)
|
14 Sep
1960
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
founded.
Secretaries-general¹
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964 Fuad Rouhani
(Iran)
(b. 1907 - d. 2004)
1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965 Abdul
Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq)
(b. 1913 - d. 1973)
1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966 Ashraf T.
Lutfi
(Kuwait)
(b. 1919 - d. 1974)
1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Muhammad
Saleh
Joukhdar
(b. 1932)
(Saudi Arabia)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Francisco
R. Parra (Venezuela) (b. 1929 -
d. 2020)
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Elrich
Sanger
(Indonesia)
(b. 1927)
1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Omar
el-Badri
(Libya)
(b. 1937)
1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972 Nadim
Pachachi
(b. 1914 - d. 1976)
(United Arab Emirates)
1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Abderrahman
Khène (Algeria) (b. 1931
- d. 2020)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976 Meshach
Ototiki Feyide (Nigeria) (b. 1926 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978 Ali M.
Jaidah
(Qatar)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981 René
Genaro Ortiz Durán (Ecuador) (b. 1941)
1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983 Marc
Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon) (b. 1934 - d.
2012)
1 Jul 1983 - 19 Jul 1983 Fadhil Jafar
al-Chalabi (Iraq) (b. 1929 - d.
2019)
(acting)
19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Mana Saeed Al
Otaiba (acting) (b. 1946)
(United
Arab Emirates)
1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984 Kamal Hassan Maghur
(Libya) (b. 1935 - d. 2002)
(acting)
31 Oct 1984 - 9 Dec 1985 Subroto
(Indonesia)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d.
2022)
(acting)
1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 Arturo Hernández
Grisanti (b. 1927 - d.
2008)
(Venezuela)(acting)
1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988 Rilwanu
Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938 - d. 2014)
(acting)
1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994 Subroto
(Indonesia)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Abdalla
Salem el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1940)
(1st
time)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000 Rilwanu
Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002 Alí
Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d.
2018)
1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003 Álvaro
José Silva Calderón (b.
1929)
(Venezuela)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Purnomo
Yusgiantoro (Indonesia) (b. 1951)
(acting)
1 Jan 2004 - 28 Feb 2004 Iin Arifin
Takhyan (Indonesia) (b. 1952)
(acting for Yusgiantoro)
28 Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Maizar Rahman
(Indonesia)
(b. 1948)
(acting for Yusgiantoro)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad
(b. 1963)
Al Sabah (Kuwait) (acting)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Adnan Shihab-Eldin
(Kuwait) (b.
1943)
(acting for Al Sabah)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (Nigeria) (b.
1943)
(acting)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (b. 1959 -
d. 2022)
(acting for Daukoru)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Jul 2016 Abdalla
Salem el-Badri (Libya) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Aug 2016 - 5 Jul 2022
Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (s.a.)
5 Jul 2022 - 31 Jul 2022 Ayed S. Al-Qahtani
(Saudi Arabia)
(acting)
1 Aug 2022
-
Haitham al-Ghais
(Kuwait)
(b. 1969)
OPEC membership (12)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
14 Sep 1960 |
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, Venezuela |
15 Jan 1961 |
Qatar2 |
4 Jun 1962 |
Indonesia3, Libya |
27 Nov 1967 |
Abu Dhabi4 |
8 Jul 1969 |
Algeria |
12 Jul 1971 |
Nigeria |
19 Nov 1973 |
Ecuador5 |
9 Jun 1975 |
Gabon6 |
1 Jan 2007
|
Angola7 |
25 May 2017
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
22 Jun 2018
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
¹21
Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of
Governors were also, ex-officio, the
Secretaries-general of the organization. The
functions of Chairman of the Board of
Governors and Secretary-general were separated
Apr 1965. 2Qatar
membership
terminated 1 Jan 2019. 3Indonesia
membership suspended at its own request
1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2016 and from 30
Nov 2016. 4Abu
Dhabi membership transferred
to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974. 5Ecuador
membership suspended at its own
request 31 Dec 1992, rejoined 23 Oct 2007; withdrew
membership 1
Jan 2020. 6Gabon
membership terminated at its own request
31 Dec 1994, rejoined 1 Jul 2016. 7Angola
withdrew membership 1 Jan 2024.
|
Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
OPCW website
|
Headquarters:
The Hague
(The Netherlands)
|
OPCW Day: 29
Apr (1997)
Remembrance Day
|
19 Jan
1993
"Chemical
Weapons Convention" (CWC) signed.
29 Apr
1997
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.
Directors-General
13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002 José Maurício
de Figueiredo Bustani(b. 1945)
(Brazil)
22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002 John Gee
(Australia)(acting)
(b. 1944 - d. 2007)
25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2010 Rogelio
Francisco Pfirter (b.
1948)
Fernández (Argentina)
25 Jul 2010 - 25 Jul 2018 Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey)
(b.
1951)
25 Jul 2018 -
Fernando Arias González
(Spain) (b. 1952)
OPCW membership (193)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
29 Apr 1997 |
Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada,
Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia,
Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,
Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand,
Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, The Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles,
Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland1, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe |
11 Jun 1997 |
Turkey2 |
20 Jun 1997 |
Singapore |
28 Jun 1997 |
Kuwait |
9 Jul 1997 |
Guinea |
11 Jul 1997 |
Slovenia |
20 Jul 1997 |
Macedonia3 |
24 Jul 1997 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
7 Aug 1997 |
Burkina Faso |
8 Aug 1997 |
Ghana |
27 Aug 1997 |
Brunei Darussalam |
3 Oct 1997 |
Qatar |
12 Oct 1997 |
Guyana |
21 Nov 1997 |
Pakistan |
28 Nov 1997 |
Jordan |
3 Dec 1997 |
Iran |
5 Dec 1997 |
Russia |
18 Dec 1997 |
Nepal |
2 Jan 1998 |
Venezuela |
11 Mar 1998 |
Mauritania |
15 May 1998 |
Lithuania |
13 Jun 1998 |
Benin |
18 Jun 1998 |
The Gambia |
11 Jul 1998 |
Malawi |
25 Jul 1998 |
Tanzania |
19 Aug 1998 |
Senegal |
13 Sep 1998 |
Bolivia |
27 Sep 1998 |
Cyprus |
30 Sep 1998 |
Botswana |
4 Oct 1998 |
Burundi |
30 Oct 1998 |
Vietnam |
6 Nov 1998 |
Panama |
15 Nov 1998 |
Ukraine |
12 Dec 1998 |
Indonesia |
11 Jun 1999 |
Holy See |
19 Jun 1999 |
Nigeria |
23 Jun 1999 |
The Sudan |
25 Jun 1999 |
Estonia |
21 Jul 1999 |
Micronesia |
5 Dec 1999 |
Nicaragua |
24 Dec 1999 |
Liechtenstein |
9 Jan 2000 |
San Marino |
15 Mar 2000 |
Eritrea |
30 Mar 2000 |
Azerbaijan |
22 Apr 2000 |
Kazakhstan |
5 May 2000 |
Colombia |
20 May 2000 |
Malaysia, Yugoslavia4 |
14 Sep 2000 |
Mozambique |
7 Oct 2000 |
Kiribati |
8 Oct 2000 |
Gabon, Jamaica |
1 Nov 2000 |
Yemen |
28 Dec 2000 |
United Arab Emirates |
11 Mar 2001 |
Zambia |
14 Mar 2001 |
Dominica |
12 Dec 2001 |
Nauru |
20 Dec 2001 |
Uganda |
18 Oct 2002 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
27 Oct 2002 |
Samoa |
9 Jan 2003 |
Thailand |
5 Mar 2003 |
Palau |
14 Mar 2003 |
Guatemala |
29 Mar 2003 |
Andorra |
6 Jun 2003 |
Timor-Leste |
28 Jun 2003 |
Tonga |
9 Oct 2003 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
24 Oct 2003 |
Afghanistan |
29 Oct 2003 |
Kyrgyzstan |
9 Nov 2003 |
Cape Verde5 |
31 Dec 2003 |
Belize |
5 Feb 2005 |
Libya |
18 Feb 2004 |
Tuvalu |
14 Mar 2004 |
Chad |
30 Apr 2004 |
Rwanda |
18 Jun 2004 |
Marshall Islands |
20 Jun 2004 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
23 Oct 2004 |
Solomon Islands |
30 Oct 2004 |
Sierra Leone |
19 Nov 2004 |
Madagascar |
21 May 2005 |
Niue |
3 Jul 2005 |
Grenada |
18 Aug 2005 |
Cambodia |
17 Sep 2005 |
Bhutan |
28 Sep 2005 |
Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras |
16 Oct 2005 |
Vanuatu |
11 Nov 2005 |
Congo (Kinshasa) |
24 Feb 2006 |
Djibouti |
24 Mar 2006 |
Haiti |
25 Mar 2006 |
Liberia |
17 Sep 2006 |
Comoros |
20 Oct 2006 |
Central African Republic |
23 Oct 2006 |
Montenegro |
6 Apr 2007
|
Barbados
|
3 Jan 2008
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
19 Jun 2008
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
20 Dec 2008
|
Lebanon
|
12 Feb 2009
|
Iraq
|
26 Apr 2009
|
Dominican Republic
|
21 May 2009
|
The Bahamas
|
28 Jun 2013
|
Somalia
|
14 Sep 2013
|
Syria6
|
7 Aug 2015
|
Myanmar
|
16 Oct 2015
|
Angola
|
16 Jun 2018
|
Palestine
|
1from 2018 Eswatini.
2from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
3as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 4from 4
Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun
2006 succeeded by Serbia. 5from
2013 Cabo Verde. 6Syria
membership suspended from 21 Apr 2021. |
Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
-
- c.1991 - 31 Dec 1994
|
-
- Adopted 1 Jan 1995
|
25 Jun
1973
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
1 Aug
1975
"Helsinki
Final Act" signed.
21 Nov
1990
"Charter
of Paris for a New Europe" signed.
1 Jan
1995
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
(OSCE)
Secretaries-general
15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996 Wilhelm Höynck
(Germany)
(b. 1933)
15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999 Giancarlo
Aragona
(Italy)
(b. 1942)
15 Jun 1999 - 21 Jun 2005 Ján Kubiš
(Slovakia)
(b. 1952)
21 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2011 Marc
Perrin de
Brichambaut
(b. 1948)
(France)
1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2017 Lamberto
Zannier (Italy) (b.
1954)
30 Jun 2017 - 18 Jul 2017 Vacant
18 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Thomas Greminger
(Switzerland) (b. 1961)
19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Tuula Yrjölä
(f)(Finland)(acting) (b. 1962)
4 Dec 2020
-
Helga Maria Schmid (f)(Germany) (b.
1960)
Chairmen-in-office
19 Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Hans-Dietrich
Genscher (Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1992 - 2
Jul 1992 Jiří Dienstbier
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1937 - d. 2011)
2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec
1992 Jozef Moravčík
(Czechoslovakia) (b. 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec
1993 Märta Margaretha af Ugglas (f)
(b. 1939)
(Sweden)
1 Jan 1994 - 11 May
1994 Beniamino "Nino" Andreatta (Italy) (b. 1928 -
d. 2007)
11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Antonio Martino
(Italy)
(b. 1942 - d. 2022)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec
1995 László Kovács
(Hungary)
(b. 1939)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec
1996 Flavio Cotti
(Switzerland)
(b. 1939 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec
1997 Niels Helveg Petersen
(Denmark) (b. 1939 - d. 2017)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec
1998 Bronisław Geremek
(Poland)
(b. 1932 - d. 2008)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec
1999 Knut Vollebaek
(Norway)
(b. 1946)
1 Jan 2000 - 4
Feb 2000 Wolfgang Schüssel
(Austria) (b.
1945)
4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec
2000 Benita Ferrero-Waldner
(f) (b.
1948)
(Austria)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec
2001 Mircea Geoană
(Romania)
(b. 1958)
1 Jan 2002 - 6
Apr 2002 Jaime José de Matos da
Gama (b. 1947)
(Portugal)
6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002
António Manuel de Mendonça Martins (b. 1946)
da Cruz (Portugal)
1
Jan 2003 - 3 Dec 2003 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert
de Hoop (b. 1948)
Scheffer (The Netherlands)
3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec
2003 Bernard Rudolf "Ben"
Bot
(b. 1937)
(The Netherlands)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004
Solomon Passy
(Bulgaria)
(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec
2005 Dimitrij Rupel
(Slovenia)
(b. 1946)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec
2006 Karel De Gucht
(Belgium)
(b. 1954)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec
2007 Miguel Ángel Moratinos
Cuyaubé (b. 1951)
(Spain)
1 Jan 2008 - 4 Apr 2008
Ilkka Kanerva (Finland)
(b. 1948 - d. 2022)
5 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Alexander Stubb
(Finland)
(b. 1968)
1 Jan 2009 - 5 Oct 2009
Theodóra "Ntóra" Bakogiánnis (f) (b. 1954)
(Greece)
6 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Geórgios Papandréou
(Greece) (b. 1952)
1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Qanat
Bekmyrzauly Saüdabaev (b.
1946)
(Kanat Bekmurzayevich Saudabayev)
(Kazakhstan)
1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Audronius
Ažubalis (Lithuania) (b. 1958)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Eamon
Gilmore (Ireland)
(b. 1955)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Leonid
Kozhara
(Ukraine)
(b. 1963)
1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Didier Burkhalter
(Switzerland) (b. 1960)
1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Ivica Dačić
(Serbia)
(b. 1966)
1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Frank-Walter
Steinmeier (Germany) (b. 1956)
1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017 Sebastian Kurz
(Austria)
(b. 1986)
18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Karin Kneissl (f)
(Austria) (b.
1965)
1 Jan 2018 - 1 Jun 2018 Angelino
Alfano
(Italy)
(b. 1970)
1 Jun 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Enzo Moavero
Milanesi (Italy) (b. 1954)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Miroslav Lajčák
(Slovakia)
(b. 1963)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020
Edi Kristaq Rama
(Albania)
(b. 1964)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021
Ann Christin Linde (f) (Sweden) (b. 1961)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Zbigniew Rau
(Poland)
(b. 1953)
1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Bujar M. Osmani
(North Macedonia) (b. 1979)
1 Jan 2024 -
Ian Borg (Malta)
(b. 1986)
High Commissioners on National
Minorities
1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun
2001 Max van der Stoel (The Netherlands)(b. 1924 -
d. 2011)
1 Jul 2001 - 3
Jul 2007 Carl Rolf Ekéus
(Sweden)
(b. 1935)
4 Jul 2007 - 19 Aug 2013
Knut Vollebaek (Norway)
(s.a.)
20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016 Astrid Thors (f)
(Finland) (b. 1957)
19 Aug 2016 - 19 Jul 2017 Henrik Villadsen
(Denmark)(acting) (b. 1963)
19 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020 Lamberto Zannier
(Italy)
(s.a.)
19 Jul 2020 - 4 Dec 2020 Christophe Kamp
(The Netherlands) (b. 1969)
(acting)
4 Dec 2020
-
Kairat
Kudaybergenovich
(b. 1964)
Abdrakhmanov
(Qayrat Qudaybergenulı Äbdirakhmanov)
(Kazakhstan)
Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
1992 - 1994
Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland)
(b. 1939 - d. 2022)
1994 - 1996
Frank Swaelen (Belgium)
(b. 1930 - d. 2007)
1996 - 1998
Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio
(b. 1941)
(Spain)
1998 - 2000
Helle Degn (f)(Denmark)
(b. 1946)
2000 - 2002
Adrian Severin (Romania)
(b. 1954)
2002 - 2004
Bruce Thomas George (U.K.)
(b. 1942 - d. 2020)
2004 - 2006
Alcee Lamar Hastings (U.S.)
(b. 1936 - d. 2021)
Jul 2006 - Jul 2008
Rolf Göran Lennmarker (Sweden) (b.
1943)
Jul 2008 - 10 Jul 2010 João
Barroso Soares (Portugal) (b. 1949)
10 Jul 2010 - 9 Jul 2012 Pétros Efthymíou
(Greece) (b. 1950)
9 Jul 2012 - 3 Jul 2013 Riccardo
Migliori (Italy) (b.
1952)
3 Jul 2013 - 2 Jul 2014 Ranko
Krivokapić (Montenegro) (b. 1961)
2 Jul 2014 - 5 Jul 2016 Ilkka
Kanerva (Finland)
(s.a.)
5 Jul 2016 - 9 Nov 2017 Christine
Muttonen (f)(Austria) (b. 1954)
9 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2020 Giorgi
Tsereteli
(Georgia)
(b. 1964)
(acting to 8 Jul 2018)
11 Dec 2020 - 6 Jul 2021 Peter Spencer
Bowness, Baron (b.
1943)
Bowness (U.K.) (acting)
6 Jul 2021 - 4 Jul 2023 Margareta
Cederfelt (f)(Sweden) (b. 1959)
4 Jul 2023
-
Pia Liisa Kauma (f)(Finland)
(b. 1966)
Presidents of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and
Arbitration
29 May 1995 - 19 Sep 2013 Robert Badinter
(France) (b.
1928 - d. 2024)
19 Sep 2013 - 14 Oct 2019 Christian Tomuschat
(Germany) (b. 1936)
14 Oct 2019 -
Emmanuel Decaux
(France)
(b. 1947)
OSEC membership (57)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
25 Jun 1973 |
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia1, Denmark,
Finland, France, East Germany2,
West Germay2,
Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco,
The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, San Marino, Soviet Union3,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey4, United
Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia5 |
19 Jun 1991 |
Albania |
10 Sep 1991 |
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania |
30 Jan 1992 |
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan |
24 Mar 1992 |
Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia |
30 Apr 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
12 Oct 1995 |
Macedonia6 |
25 Apr 1996 |
Andorra |
10 Nov 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro5 |
22 Jun 2006 |
Montenegro |
21 Nov 2012
|
Mongolia
|
1Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1
Jan 1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
2East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 3Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; membership
succeeded by Russia. 4from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
5Yugoslavia
suspended 8 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia.
6as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. |
Pacific Community
-
- 1970 - 1971
|
-
- 1971 - 1975
|
1975 - 1978
|
-
- 1978 - 1980
|
-
- 1980 - 1983
|
-
- 1983 - 6 Dec 1999
|
-
- 6 Dec 1999 - 1 Jan 2005
|
-
- Adopted 1 Jan 2005
|
6 Feb
1947
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
6 Feb
1997
Pacific Community
Secretaries-general
1 Nov 1948 - 3 Jun 1951
William Forsyth
(Australia)
(b. 1909 - d. 1993)
(1st time)
12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954 Sir Leslie
Brian Freeston (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958 Ralph
Clairon Bedell
(U.S.) (b.
1904 - d. 1991)
1 Mar 1958 - 2 Mar 1963
Thomas R. Smith (New
Zealand) (b. 1904 - d.
1979)
24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966 William Forsyth
(Australia)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969 Sir Gawain
Westray Bell (U.K.) (b. 1909 -
d. 1995)
1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971 Afioga
Afoafouvale
Misimoa
(b. 1900 - d. 1971)
(Western Samoa)
18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971 John Edward de
Young (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1917)
1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975 Gustav
F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 E. Macu
Salato
(Fiji)
(b. 1915 - d. 1990)
1 Jul 1979 - 3 Jun 1982 Young
Vivian
(Niue)
(b. 1935)
1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986 Francis
Bugotu (Solomon Islands) (b. 1937 - d. 1992)
9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988 Palauni M.
Tuiasosopo
(b. 1937 - d. 2020)
(American Samoa)
1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989 Jon
Jonassen (Cook
Islands) (b.
1949)
(acting)
16 Jun 1989 - 5 Jan 1993 Atanraoi
Baiteke (Kiribati) (b.
1942)
6 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1996 Ati
George Sokomanu (Vanuatu)
(b. 1937)
8 Jan 1996 - 6 Feb 1997
Robert B. Dun
(Australia)
(b. 1930)
Directors-general
6 Feb 1997 - 5 Jan 2000
Robert B. Dun
(Australia)
(s.a.)
6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006 Lourdes
Pangelinan (f) (Guam) (b.
1954)
23 Jan 2006 - 23 Jan 2014 Jimmie Rodgers
(Solomon Islands)
23 Jan 2014 - 23 Jan 2020 Colin
Tukuitonga (Niue)
(b. 1956)
23 Jan 2020
-
Stuart Minchin (Australia)
(b. 1970?)
Pacific Community membership (27)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
6 Feb 1947 |
Australia, France, The
Netherlands1,
New Zealand, United Kingdom2, United
States |
17 Jul 1965 |
Western Samoa3 |
24 Jul 1969 |
Nauru |
5 May 1971 |
Fiji |
16 Sep 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
17 Nov 1978 |
Tuvalu |
21 Nov 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
13 Oct 1980 |
Niue |
14 Oct 1980 |
Cook Islands |
3 Oct 1983 |
American Samoa, French
Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn
Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and
Futuna |
1The
Netherlands withdrew 31 Dec 1962. 2U.K.
withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined 1 Jan 1998;
withdrew again 1 Jan 2005, rejoined 2 Dec 2021.
3from
1997 Samoa. |
Pacific Islands Forum
-
- Current Flag
|
-
- Flag Variant
|
5 Aug
1971
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
1 Jan
1972
South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC).
14 Jul 1980
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreement (SPARTECA) signed (in force 1 Jan 1981).
1988
South Pacific Forum Secretariat established.
27 Oct
2000
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).
Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic
Cooperation
Nov 1972 - Feb
1980 Mahe
Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
Feb 1980 - 12 Mar 1982
Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea) (b.
1941 - d. 1982)
Mar 1982 - Jan
1983 Jon
Sheppard (Australia)(acting) (b. 1945)
Jan 1983 - Feb 1986
Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1986 - Sep 1988
Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)
(b. 1928 - d. 2004)
Secretaries-general
Sep 1988 - 1 Jan
1992 Henry Faati Naisali
(Tuvalu) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1992 - Jan
1998 Ieremia Tienang Tabai
(Kiribati) (b. 1949)
Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004
W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea) (b.
1942)
16 May 2004 - 2 May 2008 Greg Urwin
(Australia)
(b. 1946 - d. 2008)
2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008 Feleti
Penitala Teo (Tuvalu)
(b. 1962)
(acting)
13 Oct 2008 - 4 Dec 2014 Tuiloma
Neroni Slade (Samoa)
(b. 1941)
4 Dec 2014 - 24 May 2021 Dame Meg
Taylor (f)
(b. 1951)
(Papua
New Guinea)
24 May 2021 - 3 Jun
2024 Henry Tuakeu Puna (Cook Islands)
(b. 1949)
3 Jun 2024
-
Baron Waqa
(Nauru)
(b. 1959)
Pacific Islands Forum membership (18)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
5 Aug 1971 |
Australia, Cook Islands,
Fiji¹,
Nauru2,
New Zealand, Tonga, Western Samoa3 |
20 Mar 1974 |
Papua New Guinea |
1 Jul 1975 |
Niue |
29 Aug 1979 |
Kiribati4 |
16 Sep 1980 |
Solomon Islands, Tuvalu |
14 Jul 1980 |
Vanuatu |
29 May 1987 |
Marshall Islands5, Federated
States of Micronesia6 |
3 Sep 1995 |
Palau7 |
10 Sep 2016
|
French Polynesia8, New
Caledonia8
|
¹Fiji
suspended 2 May 2009 - 22 Oct 2014. 2Nauru
announced
withdrawal
8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 7 Apr 2021, to be effective 7
Apr 2022), cancelled withdrawal
11
Feb 2022. 3from 1997
Samoa. 4Kiribati
announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 23 Jul 2021),
effective 9 Jul 2022; rejoined 24 Feb 2023. 5Marshall
Islands announced
withdrawal 8
Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 9 Mar 2021), effective 9 Mar
2022, cancelled withdrawal 29 Sep 2022;
rejoins 29 Sep 2022. 6Federated
States of Micronesia announced withdrawal 8
Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted
17 Feb 2021, to be effective 14
Feb 2022), cancelled
withdrawal 11 Feb 2022. 7Palau
announced withdrawal on 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation
submitted 16 Mar 2021, to be
effective 16 Mar 2022), cancelled withdrawal
11 Feb 2022. 8French
Polynesia and New Caledonia
were associate members 26 Oct 2006 - 10 Sep
2016.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of PIF (4)
|
6 Aug 2014
|
Tokelau
|
6 Sep 2018
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
30 Aug 2024
|
American Samoa, Guam
|
Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean
PAM website
|
Headquarters: Naples (Italy)(St. Julian's, Malta
Nov 2007-Feb 2020)
|
PAM Day: 21
March
Mediterranean Day
|
11 Sep 2006
Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean formed.
1 Jul 2007
Secretariat
established.
Secretary-general
1 Jul 2007 -
Sergio Piazzi (Italy)
(b. 1957?)
(acting to Jan 2008; from 2022 pro-tem)
Presidents of the Assembly
11 Sep 2006 - 15 Nov 2008 Abdelwahed Radi
(Morroco)(1st time)(b. 1935 - d. 2023)
15 Nov 2008 - 1 Jan 2011 Rudy Salles
(France)
(b. 1954)
1 Jan 2011 - 4 Mar 2011 Mohamed
Abou El Enein (Egypt) (b. 1951)
4 Mar 2011 - 29 Oct
2011 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(2nd time)(s.a.)
29 Oct 2011 - 13 Oct 2012 Fayez
al-Tarawneh (Jordan)
(b. 1949)
13 Oct 2012 - 2 Feb
2015 Francesco Amoruso (Italy)
(b. 1956)
2 Feb 2015 - 18 Dec 2015 Mohamed Cheikh
Biadillah (Morocco) (b. 1949)
18 Dec 2015 - 23 Feb 2017 Lhou Lmarbouh
(Morocco)
(b. 1954)
23 Feb 2017 - 23 Feb 2019 António Pedro Roque da
Visitação (b. 1963)
Oliveira (Portugal) (1st time)
23 Feb 2019 - 21 Feb 2020 Alia Hatoug-Bouran (f)
(Jordan)
21 Feb 2020 - 7 Jun 2021 Karim Abdel Karim
Darwish (Egypt) (b. 1965)
7 Jun 2021 - 13 Oct 2022 Gennaro Migliore
(Italy) (b. 1968)
13 Oct 2022 - 2 Mar 2023 António Pedro Roque
da Visitação (s.a.)
Oliveira (Portugal) (2nd time)
(ad-interim)
2 Mar 2023
-
Enaam Mayara (Morocco)
(b. 1968)
PAM membership (31)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Parliaments
|
11 Sep 2006
|
Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and
Hercegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France,
Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon,
Libya, Macedonia1, Malta,
Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Palestine, Portugal,
Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey2
|
28 Oct 2010
|
Andorra
|
12 Oct 2012
|
Mauritania
|
23 Feb 2017
|
Romania3 |
15 Feb 2018 |
San Marino
|
9 Mar 2022
|
Qatar4,
United Arab Emirates5
|
1as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
2from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 3Romania
an associate member 25 Sep 2008 - 23 Feb 2017.
4Qatar
an associate member 23 Jan 2019 - 9 Mar 2022. 5U.A.E.
an associate member 24 Jun 2019 - 9 Mar 2022.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members
|
2 Feb 2015
|
Sovereign Military Order of
Malta
|
2022?
|
Holy See
|
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
29 Jul 1899
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)(Cour
Permanente d'Arbitrage)
founded by the "Convention for the Pacific Settlement of
International Disputes" (Hague Convention)(effective
4 Sep 1900).
18 Oct 1907
Convention revised by (second) Hague
Peace Conference
(effective
26 Jan 1910).
Secretaries-general (all from The Netherlands,
except as noted)
4 Sep 1900 - 1 Aug 1901 Baron Robert
Melvil van Lynden (b. 1843 - d. 1910)
1901 - 1905
Leonard Henri Ruyssenaers
(b. 1850 - d. 1913)
1 Oct 1905 - 4 Feb 1929 Baron
Louis Paul Marie Hubert (b.
1855 - d. 1929)
Michiels
van Verduynen
1929 - 17 Nov 1946 Claude
Crommelin
(b. 1873 - d. 1946)
1 Jan 1948 - 26 Mar 1951 Jonkheer Aarnout
Marinus Snouck (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
Hurgronje
1 Jun 1951 - 4 Feb 1953 Alexander
Loudon
(b. 1892 - d. 1953)
1954 - 1968
Mark Johan François
(b. 1889
- d. 1978)
1968 - 1980
Baron Eric Oswald van Boetzelaer
(b. 1903 - d. 1991)
1981 - 1990
Jacob Varekamp
(b. 1916 - d.
2003)
1990 - 1999
Pieter Jan Hans Jonkman
(b. 1925 - d. 2012)
25 May 1999 - 1 Sep 2008 Tjaco Theo van den
Hout (b. 1949)
1 Sep 2008 - 31 Dec 2011 Christiaan Mark Johan
Kröner (b. 1945)
1 Jan 2012 - 31 May 2012 Brooks W. Daly (U.S.)
(acting) (b. 1968)
1 Jun 2012 - 31 May 2022 Hugo Hans
Siblesz
(b. 1948)
1 Jun 2022 -
Marcin Piotr Czepelak (Poland)
(b. 1978)
PCA membership (124)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations (a signatory to Hague
Conventions of 1899 or 1907)
|
4 Sep 1900
|
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, France, Germany1, Hungary,
Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Persia2, Portugal,
Romania, Russia3,
Siam4,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States
|
6 Oct 1900
|
Japan
|
16 Oct 1900 |
Montenegro5 |
29 Dec 1900
|
Switzerland
|
4 Apr 1901
|
Greece
|
17 Apr 1901
|
Mexico
|
11 May 1901
|
Serbia6
|
12 Jul 1901
|
Luxembourg
|
17 Mar 1903
|
Korea7 |
21 Nov 1904
|
China8
|
12 Jun 1907
|
Turkey9
|
15 Jun 1907
|
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Venezuela
|
17 Jun 1907
|
Uruguay
|
20 Jun 1907
|
El Salvador
|
3 Jul 1907
|
Ecuador
|
26 May 1922
|
Poland
|
9 Jun 1922
|
Finland
|
11 Apr 1929
|
Czechoslovakia10
|
29 Jul 1950
|
India
|
5 Aug 1950
|
Pakistan
|
9 Feb 1955
|
Ceylon11
|
7 Mar 1955
|
Soviet Union3
|
18 Jul 1955
|
Laos
|
8 Dec 1955
|
Iceland
|
4 Jan 1956
|
Cambodia
|
10 Feb 1959
|
New Zealand
|
1 Apr 1960
|
Australia
|
19 Aug 1960
|
Canada
|
25 Mar 1961
|
Congo (Kinshasa)12
|
1 Aug 1960
|
Cameroon
|
30 Aug 1961
|
Upper Volta13
|
1 Dec 1961
|
Honduras
|
4 Apr 1962
|
Ukrainian S.S.R.14
|
4 Jun 1962
|
Byelorussian S.S.R.15
|
17 Jun 1962
|
Israel
|
30 Apr 1966
|
Uganda
|
2 Dec 1966
|
The Sudan
|
14 Feb 1968
|
Lebanon
|
7 Sep 1968
|
Malta
|
4 Nov 1968
|
Egypt
|
3 Aug 1970
|
Mauritius
|
31 Aug 1970
|
Iraq
|
25 Dec 1970
|
Swaziland16 |
2 Apr 1973
|
Fiji
|
1 Aug 1977
|
Senegal
|
19 Sep 1984
|
Zimbabwe
|
16 Feb 1987
|
Nigeria
|
8 Oct 1991
|
Croatia
|
27 Jan 1992
|
Jordan
|
4 Jun 1992
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
27 Dec 1992
|
Suriname
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
11 Sep 1993
|
Singapore
|
12 Nov 1993
|
Cyprus
|
23 Sep 1994
|
Liechtenstein
|
2 Sep 1996
|
Libya
|
1 Oct 1996
|
Slovenia
|
4 Oct 1997
|
Eritrea
|
25 Jan 1998
|
Guyana
|
21 Dec 1998
|
South Africa
|
20 Jul 1999
|
Costa Rica
|
31 Dec 1999
|
Zambia
|
21 Feb 2000
|
South Korea
|
17 Feb 2001
|
Macedonia17 |
4 Jun 2001
|
Morocco
|
12 Aug 2001
|
Latvia
|
4 Sep 2001
|
Yugoslavia
|
20 Jan 2002
|
Saudi Arabia
|
6 May 2002
|
Malaysia
|
6 Jul 2002
|
Ireland
|
21 Jan 2003
|
Belize
|
1 Sep 2003
|
Estonia
|
14 Sep 2003
|
Kuwait
|
28 Sep 2003
|
Ethiopia
|
17 Dec 2004
|
Togo
|
9 Jan 2005
|
Lithuania
|
16 Sep 2005
|
Benin
|
2 Dec 2005
|
Qatar
|
5 Jun 2006
|
Serbia6
|
11 Jun 2006
|
Kenya
|
10 Apr 2007
|
Montenegro5 |
29 Aug 2008
|
Bahrain
|
5 Jan 2009
|
United Arab Emirates
|
7 Oct 2009
|
Madagascar
|
17 Jul 2010
|
The Philippines
|
19 Apr 2011
|
Rwanda
|
27 Dec 2011
|
Albania
|
29 Dec 2011
|
Vietnam
|
26 Feb 2012
|
Bangladesh
|
20 Oct 2014
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
22 Mar 2015
|
Georgia
|
29 Dec 2015
|
Palestine
|
5 Jan 2016
|
Kosovo
|
17 Apr 2016
|
Djibouti
|
13 Jun 2016
|
The Bahamas
|
14 May 2019 |
Mongolia
|
11 Aug 2024
|
Vanuatu
|
20 Sep 2024
|
Timor-Leste
|
1from 7 Sep
1949 Federal Republic of Germany. 2from 1935
Iran. 3from
30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, which acceded to Hague
Conventions 7 Mar 1955; dissolved 25 Dec 1991,
membership succeeded by Russia. 4from 1939
Thailand. 5Montenegro acceded
to the Geneva Convention 16 Oct 1900;
part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec 1918; renamed
Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003, which
dissolved 3 Jun 2006; Montenegro
re-acceded to the Conventions on 10 Apr 2007.
6Serbia
from 1 Dec 1918 part of Serb, Croat and Slovene
State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; from 4 Sep 2001
as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; from 4 Feb 2003
called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006
succeeded by Serbia. 7Korea annexed
by Japan 29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945.
8China
represented by Republic of
China 1 Jan 1912 - 6 Apr 1972, when the PCA
recognized the People's Republic of China
as the representative of China. 9as
Ottoman Empire to 1920; from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
10Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1
Jan 1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia. 11from 1972
Sri Lanka. 12to
1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997
Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 13from 1984
Burkina Faso. 14from
1991 Ukraine. 15from
1991 Belarus. 16from
2018 Eswatini. 17as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
|
Permanent Court of
International Justice (PCIJ): see International
Court of Justice (ICJ)
Preferential Trade Area for
Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): see COMESA
Red
Cross and Red Crescent
International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919
|
IFRCS Flag
|
IFRCS website
|
Headquarters:
Geneva
(Switzerland)(Paris, France
1922-5 Sep 1939) |
IFRCS Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
5 May
1919
League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded.
27 Jul 1929
Red Crescent adopted as an
additional emblem.
11 Oct
1983
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS).
27 Nov
1991
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRCS).
Chairmen
1919 -
1922
Henry P. Davison
(U.S.)
(b. 1867 - d. 1922)
1922 -
1935
John Barton Payne
(U.S.)
(b. 1855 - d. 1935)
1935 -
1938
Cary T. Grayson
(U.S.)
(b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1938 -
1944
Norman Davis
(U.S.)
(b. 1878 - d. 1944)
1944 -
1945
Jean de Muralt (Switzerland) (b.
1877 - d. 1947)
(Johannes von Muralt)(acting)
1945 -
1950
Basil O'Connor
(U.S.)
(b. 1892 - d. 1972)
1950 -
1959
Emil Sandström
(Sweden)
(b. 1886 - d. 1962)
1959 -
1965
John MacAulay
(Canada)
(b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1965 -
1977
José Barroso Chávez (Mexico)
(b. 1925 - d. 2008)
Presidents
1977 -
1981
Adetunji Adefarasin
(Nigeria) (b. 1921 - d.
1989)
1981 -
1987
Enrique de la Mata
(Spain)
(b. 1933 - d. 1987)
1987 -
1997
Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander (b.
1947)
(Venezuela)
Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001
Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg
(f)(Norway)(b. 1936 - d. 2020)
10 Nov 2001 - 21 Nov 2009 Juan Manuel
Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952)
(Spain)
21 Nov 2009 - 8 Nov 2017 Tadateru Konoe
(Japan) (b.
1939)
8 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2023 Francesco Rocca
(Italy) (b.
1965)
11 Dec 2023
-
Kate Forbes (f)
(U.S.)
(b. 1951?)
Secretaries-general
Jul 1919 - 1920
William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d.
1958)
1921 - 1926
René Sand (Belgium)
(b. 1877 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1930
Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.)
(b. 1891 - d. 1957)
1931
Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.)
(b. 1862 - d. 1935)
1931 - Jan 1932
Gordon Lookwood Berry (U.S.)
(b. 1884 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1936
Ernest J. Swift (U.S.)
(b. 1883 - d.
1941)
1936 - 1957
Bonabès de Rougé (France)
(b. 1891 - d. 1975)
1958 - 1960
Henry Weyman Dunning (U.S.)
(b. 1895 - d. 1977)
1960 - 1981
Henrik Beer (Sweden)
(b. 1915 - d. 1987)
1982 - 1987
Hans Hoegh (Norway)
(b. 1926 - d. 2010)
1988 - 1992
Pär Olav Mikael Stenbäck (Finland) (b.
1941)
1993 - 1999
George B. Weber (Canada)
(b. 1946)
2000 - 2003
Didier J. Cherpitel (France)
(b. 1944)
2003 - 2008
Markku Niskala (Finland)
(b. 1945 - d. 2018)
1 Jul 2008 - 2014
Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia)
(b. 1944)
1 Aug 2014 - 2020
Elhadj As Sy
(Senegal)
(b. 1954)
1 Feb 2020 -
Jagan Chapagain
(Nepal)
(b. 1968?)
IFRCS membership (191)
Date of
Admission
|
Member National Societies
|
5 May 1919
|
France, Italy, Japan, United
Kingdom, United States
|
27 May 1919
|
Belgium, Norway1
|
28 May 1919
|
Portugal
|
17 Jun 1919
|
Brazil
|
19 Jun 1919
|
Australia, Peru2
|
20 Jun 1919
|
Canada
|
23 Jun 1919
|
Argentina
|
24 Jun 1919
|
South Africa
|
26 Jun 1919
|
Greece, Sweden3
|
11 Jul 1919
|
New Zealand
|
12 Jul 1919
|
Denmark4
|
14 Jul 1919
|
Romania
|
15 Jul 1919
|
Venezuela
|
17 Jul 1919
|
Cuba
|
27 Jul 1919
|
China5
|
7 Aug 1919
|
India
|
15 Aug 1919
|
The Netherlands
|
22 Aug 1919
|
Serbia6,
Spain
|
16 Sep 1919
|
Poland
|
2 Nov 1919
|
Switzerland
|
11 Jan 1920
|
Czechoslovakia7
|
17 Jan 1920
|
Uruguay
|
1 Feb 1920
|
Chile
|
8 Apr 1921
|
Siam8
|
20 Apr 1921
|
Austria
|
8 Jun 1921
|
Finland9
|
14 Jun 1921
|
Hungary
|
20 Jul 1921
|
Bulgaria
|
29 Oct 1921
|
Luxembourg
|
23 Mar 1922
|
Paraguay
|
29 Mar 1922
|
Colombia
|
5 Apr 1922
|
Costa Rica
|
15 Jul 1922
|
Germany10
|
25 May 1923
|
Bolivia, Danzig11,
Ecuador
|
2 Aug 1923
|
Albania
|
15 Aug 1923
|
Guatemala
|
5 Oct 1923
|
Mexico
|
7 Jan 1924
|
Netherlands East Indies12
|
13 Feb 1925
|
Panama
|
30 May 1925
|
Iceland
|
24 Jun 1925
|
El Salvador
|
21 Jan 1929
|
Persia13
|
23 Jun 1929
|
Egypt
|
7 Apr 1930
|
Turkey14
|
19 Jan 1931
|
Dominican Republic
|
23 Jun 1934
|
Iraq
|
17 Oct 1934
|
Nicaragua15
|
19 Oct 1934
|
Soviet Union16
|
3 May 1937
|
Haiti
|
24 Nov 1945
|
Ireland
|
27 Nov 1945
|
Honduras
|
5 Dec 1945
|
Liechtenstein
|
23 May 1946
|
Burma17
|
18 Aug 1948
|
Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan, The
Philippines, Syria18
|
16 Oct 1950
|
Ethiopia, Indonesia, Jordan
|
25 Jul 1952
|
Ceylon19,
San Marino, West Germany20
|
26 Oct 1957
|
Afghanistan, East
Germany20, Laos,
North Korea, South Korea, South Vietnam21,
Tunisia
|
4 Nov 1957
|
North Vietnam21,
The Sudan
|
26 Sep 1959
|
Ghana, Liberia, Libya,
Mongolia, Morocco
|
2 Oct 1961
|
Cambodia, Nigeria,
Togo
|
28 Aug 1963
|
Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon,
Congo (Kinshasa)22,
Dahomey23, Ivory
Coast24, Madagascar25,
Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Tanganyika26,
Trinidad and Tobago, Upper Volta27
|
28 Sep 1965
|
Jamaica, Nepal,
Niger, Uganda
|
5 Sep 1967
|
Kenya, Zambia
|
1 Sep 1969
|
Guyana, Kuwait, Mali, Somalia
|
12 Oct 1971
|
Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi
|
2 Nov 1973
|
Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Fiji, Mauritania, Singapore
|
29 Oct 1975
|
Central African Republic, The
Gambia
|
7 Oct 1977
|
The Bahamas, Congo
(Brazzaville), Mauritius, Papua New
Guinea
|
4 Oct 1979
|
Swaziland28
|
2 Nov 1981
|
Qatar, Tonga
|
8 Oct 1983
|
Rwanda, Yemen (Sana)29,
Zimbabwe
|
20 Oct 1985
|
Barbados, Belize,
Cape Verde30,
São Tomé and Príncipe, Western Samoa31
Yemen (Aden)29
|
18 Oct 1986
|
Angola, Djibouti, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Saint Lucia, Suriname, United Arab
Emirates
|
23 Nov 1987
|
Grenada
|
21 Oct 1989
|
Chad, Dominica, Mozambique,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
25 Nov 1991
|
Latvia32, Lithuania33, Solomon
Islands
|
25 Oct 1993
|
Antigua and Barbuda,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia34, Malta,
Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Vanuatu
|
27 Nov 1995
|
Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus35,
Equatorial Guinea, Macedonia36,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
|
20 Nov 1997
|
Brunei Darussalam, Georgia,
Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, Tajikistan
|
23 Oct 1999
|
Gabon
|
7 Nov 2001
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina,
Moldova
|
28 Nov 2003
|
Cook Islands, Kazakhstan,
Federated States of Micronesia
|
11 Nov 2005
|
Comoros, Timor-Leste
|
22 Jun 2006
|
Israel, Palestinian Territory
|
20 Nov 2007
|
Montenegro37
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Maldives
|
12 Nov 2013
|
Cyprus, South Sudan
|
4 Dec 2015
|
Tuvalu
|
5 Dec 2019
|
Bhutan, Marshall
Islands38
|
1Norway
withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1 Jan 1930. 2Peruvian
Red Cross IFRC membership suspended by IFRCS from
12 Aug 2022. 3Sweden
withdrew 7 May 1927, rejoined 1930. 4Denmark
withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1930. 5from
Oct 1950 the national Red Cross Society of
People's Republic of China was a participant of
the Federation's Board of Governors meetings and
therefore accepted by the Federation as the
Chinese Red Cross (the Chinese Red Cross was
partly disbanded 1966-1978); in 1952 at
28th International Conference of the Red Cross,
the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited
the People's Republic of China to attend as a
delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China
[Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer. Formosa
(Taiwan) was invited as an observer at 1957 and
1965, Taiwan has not been invited since 13 Sep
1969. 6Serbia
part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec
1918; from 4 Feb 2003 called
Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006,
succeeded by Serbia. 7Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 8from
1941 Thailand. 9Finland
withdrew 1927, rejoined 1930. 10IFRCS
recognition of Germany revoked 1945.
11Danzig Free City annexed to
Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then to Poland.
12Netherlands East
Indies independent from 1949 as Indonesia, which
joined 16 Oct 1950.
13from 1935 Iran. 14from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
15Nicaraguan Red Cross
dissolved by Nicaraguan parliament on 9 May 2023.
16Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia,
succession formally recognized 5 Oct 1992. 17from
1989 Myanmar. 18Syrian
Red Crescent was recognized by IFRCS as part of
United Arab Republic Red Crescent on 29 Sep 1959,
but was readmitted on 28 Sep 1962. 19from 1972
Sri Lanka. 20East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany,
the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991. 21South
Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976
as Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 22Congo (Léopoldville)
to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo
(Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 23from 1975
Benin. 24from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire.
25to 30 Dec 1975
Malagasy Republic. 26from 26 Apr
1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar;
renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 27from 1984
Burkina Faso. 28from
2018 Eswatini. 29Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen, the
separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990. 30from 2013
Cabo Verde. 31from
1997 Samoa. 32Latvian
Red Cross originally admitted 10 Jan 1923. 33Lithuanian
Red Cross originally admitted 12 Jan 1924. 34Estonian Red
Cross originally admitted 25 Feb 1922. 35Belarus
Red Cross Society suspended by IFRCS from 1 Dec
2023. 36as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019;
from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 37Montenegro
provisional member 26 Oct 2006 - 20 Nov 2007. 38Marshall
Islands provisional member 15 Mar 2018 - 5 Dec
2019. |
International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC)
Red Cross Adopted 22 Aug 1864
|
Red Crescent Adopted 27 Jul 1929
|
Red Crystal Adopted 14 Jan 2007
|
ICRC Flag Adopted c.1975 |
ICRC website
|
Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
|
ICRC Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
9 Feb
1863
International Committee for Relief to the Wounded
founded, as
the
birth of the International Red Cross Movement, by
Jean
Henri Dunant (b. 1828 - d. 1910).
22 Aug
1864
First "Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the
Condition of
the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed (revised
1906, 1929,
and
1949).
20 Dec 1875
Renamed International Committee of
the Red Cross (ICRC).
6 Jul 1906
Second Geneva "Convention for
the Amelioration of the Condition of
the
Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field" signed (revised
27 July
1929) and replaced 12 Aug 1949 as "Convention
for the
Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and
Shipwrecked
Members
of Armed Forces at Sea."
27 Jul
1929
Third Geneva "Convention relative to the Treatment of
Prisoners of
War"
signed (revised 12 Aug 1949).
12 Aug
1949
Fourth Geneva "Convention relative to the Protection of
Civilian
Persons
in Time of War" signed.
Presidents (all from Switzerland)
9 Feb 1863 - 31 Mar 1864 Guillaume
Henri
Dufour
(b. 1787 - d. 1875)
31 Mar 1864 - 21 Aug 1910 Gustave
Moynier
(b. 1826 - d. 1910)
26 Aug 1910 - 31 Mar 1928 Gustave
Ador
(b. 1845 - d. 1928)
1917 - 1920
Édouard
Naville
(b. 1844 - d. 1926)
(acting for Ador)
12 May 1928 - 31 Dec 1944 Max
Huber
(b. 1874 - d. 1960)
1 Jan 1945 - May
1948 Carl Burckhardt
(b. 1891 - d. 1974)
(absent 24 Feb 1945 - Apr 1948)
24 Feb 1945 - Feb 1947 Max
Huber
(s.a.)
(acting for Burckhardt)
Feb 1947 - May 1948
Ernest
Gloor
(b. 1893 - d. 1964)
+ Martin
Bodmer
(b. 1899 -
d. 1971)
(acting for Burckhardt)
12 May 1948 - 31 Aug 1955 Paul
Ruegger
(b. 1897 - d. 1988)
1 Sep 1955 - 30 Sep 1964 Léopold
Boissier
(b. 1893 - d. 1968)
1 Oct 1964 - Jan
1969 Samuel
Gonard
(b. 1896 - d. 1975)
9 Jan 1969 - 31 May 1973 Marcel
Naville
(b. 1919 - d. 2003)
1 Jun 1973 - 30 Jun 1976 Eric
Martin
(b. 1900 - d. 1980)
1 Jul 1976 - 6 May 1987
Alexandre
Hay
(b. 1919 - d. 1991)
7 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1999 Cornelio
Sommaruga
(b. 1932 - d. 2024)
1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2012 Jakob
Kellenberger
(b. 1944)
1 Jul 2012 - 30 Sep 2022 Peter Maurer
(b. 1956)
1 Oct 2022 -
Mirjana Spoljaric Egger (f)
(b. 1972)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
(ICRM)
-
- Adopted 1982
|
ICRM website
|
Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
|
ICRC Day: 8
May (1828)
World Red Cross and
Red Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)
|
9 Feb
1863
International Committee for Relief to the Wounded
founded,
birth of
the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM).
22 Aug 1864
First Geneva Convention signed.
26 Oct 1928
International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement (ICRM)
formally
established with the adoption of "Statutes of the
International Red Cross."
Chairmen of the Standing Commission of the Red
Cross and Red Crescent
1928 - 1934
Pierre Nolf (Belgium)
(b. 1873 - d. 1953)
1934 - 1938
Prince Iesato Tokugawa (Japan)
(b. 1863 - d. 1940)
1938 - 1946
Sir Arthur Stanley (U.K.)
(b. 1869 - d. 1947)
1946 - 1948
Count Folke Bernadotte (Sweden)
(b. 1894 - d. 1948)
1948 - 1965
André François-Poncet (France)
(b. 1887 - d. 1978)
1965 - 1973
Angela Olivia Pery, Countess of
(b. 1897 - d. 1981)
Limerick
(f)(U.K.)
1973 - 1977
Sir Geoffrey Newman-Morris
(b. 1909 - d. 1981)
(Australia)
1977 - 1981
Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh (U.K.)
(b. 1909 - d. 1994)
1981 - 1993
Ahmed Abu-Goura (Jordan)
1993 - 1995
Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-
(b. 1927 - d. 2008)
Hohenstein (Germany)
1995 - 2003
Princess Margriet van Oranje-
(b. 1943)
Nassau (f) (The Netherlands)
5 Dec 2003 - 26 Nov 2009 Mohammed Al-Hadid
(Jordan) (b. 1951)
26 Nov 2009 - 28 Nov 2011 Massimo Barra (Italy)
(b.
1947)
28 Nov 2011 - 8 Dec 2015 Greg Vickery
(Australia) (b. 1946)
8 Dec 2015 - 31 Aug 2017 Eva Margareta von
Oelreich (f) (b. 1944)
(Sweden)
1 Sep 2017 - 11 Dec 2019 George B.
Weber (Canada)
(b. 1946)
11 Dec 2019 -
Mercedes Babé y Romero (f)(Spain) (b.
1950)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
membership (191)
Date of ICRC
Recognition
|
National Societies |
16 Dec 1863
|
Württemberg1
|
2 Jan 1864
|
Oldenburg1
|
4 Feb 1864
|
Belgium
|
6 Feb 1864
|
Prussia1
|
15 Jun 1864
|
Italy
|
24 Jun 1864
|
Mecklenburg-Schwerin1
|
18 Oct 1864
|
Hamburg1
|
19 Dec 1864
|
Hesse-Darmstadt1
|
13 Apr 1865
|
Sweden
|
22 Sep 1865
|
Norway
|
7 Jun 1866
|
Saxony1
|
29 Jun 1866
|
Baden1
|
22 Aug 1866
|
Switzerland
|
15 May 1867
|
Russia
|
5 Jan 1868
|
Bavaria1
|
8 Aug 1868
|
Turkey2
|
21 Sep 1868
|
The Netherlands
|
4 Aug 1870
|
United Kingdom
|
1 Jan 1871 |
Germany1 |
10 Feb 1876
|
Montenegro3
|
27 Apr 1876
|
Denmark
|
14 Jun 1876
|
Serbia3
|
23 Aug 1876
|
Romania
|
6 Oct 1877
|
Greece
|
14 Mar 1880
|
Austria
|
8 May 1880
|
Peru
|
10 Jan 1882
|
Argentina
|
20 Jan 1882
|
Hungary
|
20 Sep 1882
|
United States
|
20 Oct 1885
|
Bulgaria
|
13 Jul 1887
|
Portugal
|
2 Sep 1887
|
Japan
|
14 Jun 1889
|
Congo Free State4
|
6 Jun 1893
|
Spain
|
7 Apr 1896
|
Venezuela
|
15 Jun 1900
|
Uruguay
|
25 Jun 1900
|
Transvaal5
|
23 Oct 1905
|
Korea6
|
1 Mar 1907
|
France
|
30 Apr 1909
|
Chile
|
7 Sep 1909
|
Cuba
|
3 Jan 1912
|
Mexico
|
15 Jan 1912
|
China7
|
16 Mar 1912
|
Brazil
|
14 Oct 1914
|
Luxembourg
|
14 Jul 1919
|
Poland
|
1 Dec 1919 |
Czechoslovakia8
|
24 May 1920
|
Finland
|
27 May 1920
|
Siam9
|
15 Oct 1921
|
Soviet Union10
|
16 Mar 1922
|
Costa Rica
|
22 Mar 1922
|
Paraguay
|
23 Mar 1922
|
Colombia
|
10 Oct 1922
|
Danzig11
|
10 Jan 1923
|
Bolivia
|
10 Apr 1923
|
Ecuador
|
2 Aug 1923
|
Albania
|
15 Aug 1923
|
Guatemala
|
1 Feb 1924
|
Egypt
|
20 Apr 1924
|
Panama
|
30 May 1924
|
Persia12
|
9 Apr 1925
|
Iceland
|
25 Apr 1925
|
El Salvador
|
15 Nov 1927
|
Canada
|
16 Nov 1927
|
Dominican Republic
|
17 Nov 1927
|
Australia
|
10 May 1928
|
South Africa13
|
28 Feb 1929
|
India
|
16 Jun 1932
|
New Zealand
|
16 Jun 1934
|
Iraq
|
15 Sep 1934
|
Nicaragua14 |
19 Sep 1935
|
Haiti
|
26 Sep 1935
|
Ethiopia
|
5 Aug 1938
|
Honduras
|
20 Apr 1939
|
Burma15
|
2 Nov 1939
|
Ireland
|
22 Jun 1945
|
Liechtenstein
|
12 Oct 1946
|
Syria16
|
30 Jan 1947
|
Lebanon
|
5 May 1947
|
The Philippines
|
20 Mar 1948
|
Monaco
|
21 Jul 1948
|
Pakistan
|
9 Dec 1948
|
Jordan17
|
15 Jun 1950
|
Indonesia
|
19 Oct 1950
|
San Marino
|
6 Mar 1952
|
Ceylon18
|
26 Jun 1952
|
West Germany19
|
2 Sep 1954
|
Afghanistan
|
6 Nov 1954
|
East Germany19
|
26 May 1955
|
South Korea
|
2 Feb 1956
|
North Korea
|
23 May 1957
|
Laos, South Vietnam20
|
12 Sep 1957
|
Tunisia
|
1 Nov 1957
|
North Vietnam20, The Sudan
|
7 Aug 1958
|
Morocco
|
9 Sep 1958
|
Libya
|
5 Feb 1959
|
Ghana, Liberia
|
15 Sep 1959
|
Mongolia
|
6 Oct 1960
|
Cambodia
|
4 May 1961
|
Nigeria
|
7 Sep 1961
|
Togo
|
1 Nov 1962
|
Sierra Leone, Upper Volta21
|
4 Jul 1963
|
Algeria, Cameroon, Congo
(Kinshasa)22,
Malaysia
|
8 Aug 1963
|
Ivory Coast23, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Tanganyika24, Trinidad
and Tobago
|
22 Aug 1963
|
Burundi, Dahomey25
|
26 Aug 1963
|
Madagascar26
|
1 Oct 1964
|
Jamaica, Nepal
|
2 Sep 1965
|
Uganda
|
2 Dec 1965
|
Niger
|
3 Nov 1966
|
Kenya
|
8 Dec 1966
|
Zambia
|
14 Sep 1967
|
Mali
|
6 Jun 1968
|
Kuwait
|
8 Aug 1968
|
Guyana
|
3 Jul 1969
|
Somalia
|
5 Feb 1970
|
Botswana
|
23 Jul 1970
|
Malawi
|
7 Sep 1971
|
Lesotho
|
14 Sep 1972
|
Bahrain
|
6 Jun 1973
|
Mauritania
|
20 Sep 1973
|
Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore
|
24 Oct 1973
|
Central African Republic
|
10 Oct 1974
|
The Gambia
|
16 Dec 1976
|
The Bahamas, Congo
(Brazzaville)
|
15 Sep 1977
|
Mauritius, Papua New Guinea
|
4 Apr 1979
|
Swaziland27 |
15 Oct 1981
|
Tonga
|
26 Oct 1981
|
Qatar
|
22 Apr 1982
|
Yemen (Sana)28
|
6 Oct 1982
|
Rwanda
|
7 Sep 1983
|
Zimbabwe
|
15 Mar 1984
|
Belize
|
30 Aug 1984
|
Barbados, Western Samoa29, Yemen
(Aden)28
|
14 Mar 1985
|
Cape Verde30 |
3 Oct 1985
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
27 Aug 1986
|
Guinea-Bissau, United Arab
Emirates
|
1 Oct 1986
|
Angola, Guinea, Saint Lucia,
Suriname
|
15 Oct 1986
|
Djibouti
|
12 Mar 1987
|
Grenada
|
15 Apr 1988
|
Chad
|
29 Sep 1988
|
Mozambique
|
15 Mar 1989
|
Dominica
|
4 Oct 1989
|
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
|
3 Oct 1991
|
Solomon Islands
|
7 Nov 1991
|
Lithuania31
|
20 Nov 1991
|
Latvia32
|
3 Jun 1992
|
Seychelles
|
27 Aug 1992
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
4 Nov 1992
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
3 Jun 1993
|
Seychelles
|
31 Mar 1993
|
Estonia33, Namibia
|
25 Aug 1993
|
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Slovenia
|
29 Sep 1993
|
Ukraine, Vanuatu
|
21 Oct 1993
|
Malta
|
24 Mar 1994
|
Andorra
|
28 Sep 1994
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
24 Aug 1995
|
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
|
1 Nov 1995
|
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Macedonia34
|
6 Nov 1996
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
19 Mar 1997
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
30 Sep 1997
|
Kiribati, Palau
|
6 Nov 1997
|
Georgia, Tajikistan
|
19 Aug 1999
|
Gabon
|
8 May 2001
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
24 Oct 2001
|
Moldova
|
12 Dec 2002
|
Cook Islands
|
20 Nov 2003
|
Kazakhstan, Federated States
of Micronesia
|
22 Sep 2005
|
Comoros
|
9 Nov 2005
|
Timor-Leste
|
22 Jun 2006
|
Israel, Palestinian Territory
|
21 Sep 2006
|
Montenegro35
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Maldives
|
23 Feb 2012
|
Cyprus
|
18 Jun 2013
|
South Sudan
|
18 Nov 2015
|
Tuvalu
|
20 Dec 2017
|
Marshall Islands
|
28 Nov 2019
|
Bhutan
|
1Prussia
united with Baden, Bavaria, Hamburg,
Hesse-Darmstadt,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg,
Saxony, and Württemberg as
Germany on 1 Jan 1871; Hamburg, Hesse-Darmstadt,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg,
Prussia and Saxony part of North
German Confederation 1
Jul 1867 - 1 Jan 1871;
Red Crosses unified on 25 Jan 1921 as Red
Cross Society of Germany, which was de facto
recognized by the ICRC until 1945. 2as
Ottoman Empire to 1920; from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
3Montenegro
and Serbia were part of Yugoslavia from
1 Dec 1918; from 4 Feb
2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved 5 Jun
2006, succeeded by Serbia. 4from
1908 Belgian Congo a branch of the Belgian Red
Cross; recognized by ICRC 4 Jul 1963 as
Congo (Kinshasa) Red Cross.
5from 1902 Transvaal
a branch of the British Red Cross; from 1921
part of South African Red Cross which was
recognized by ICRC 10 May 1928. 6Korea
a branch of Japanese Red Cross 1910-1945; separate
North and South Korean Red Cross Societies
recognized in 1955 and 1956. 7at
28th International Conference of the Red Cross in
1952 the Standing Commission of the Red Cross
invited the People's Republic of China to attend
as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China
[Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer on the
principle that there may only be only one National
Red Cross Society per country. On 28 Jul 1952 the
invitations of the Standing Commission were
confirmed by a vote of Conference delegates. Formosa
(Taiwan) was an invited observer 1957 and 1965.
Taiwan was not invited as an observer after 13 Sep
1969; The People's Republic of China Red Cross
Society was partly disbanded 1966-1978.
8Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 9from 1941
Thailand. 10Russian
Red Cross est.1867, by decree of 6 Jan 1918 became
the Soviet Red Cross; from 1924 Alliance of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR;
dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia,
succession recognized by ICRC 1 Jul 1992. 11Danzig Free
City annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945,
then to Poland. 12from
1935 Iran. 13South
Africa suspended from ICRC conference
participation 25 Oct - Nov 1986.
14Nicaraguan Red
Cross dissolved by Nicaraguan parliament on 9
May 2023.
15from 1989 Myanmar.
16Syria
along with Egypt was part of the United Arab
Republic 1958-1961; the ICRC did not recognize
this new structure as such, but informed other
National Red Cross Societies on 10 Sep 1959 that
the Syrian Red Crescent was a component of the UAR
Red Crescent; on 31 Jul 1962 ICRC noted its
autonomy was restored. 17to 1946
Transjordan. 18from
1972 Sri Lanka. 19East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the
separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991. 20South
Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976
as Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 21from 1984
Burkina Faso. 22Congo
(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 23from 1985
Côte d'Ivoire. 24from
26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 25from 1975
Benin. 26to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. 27from 2018
Eswatini. 28Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen the
separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990. 29from 1997
Samoa. 30from
2013 Cabo Verde. 31Lithuanian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 28 Aug 1923.
32Latvian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 10 Jan 1923.
33Estonian
Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 11 Apr 1922.
34as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.
35Montenegro
a member 10 Feb 1876 - 1 Dec 1918; a
provisional member 21 Nov 2006 - 20 Nov 2007.
|
Note:
the procedure of recognition of new National
Societies by the ICRC came into force from 1887.
National Societies created before this date became
members of the International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement (ICRM) without formal
recognition by the ICRC.
|
Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO)
26 Apr
1996
"Shanghai Five" regional security
treaty signed.
15 Jun 2001
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
19 Sep
2003
SCO charter enters into force.
15 Jan
2004
Secretariat inaugurated.
Executive Secretary
15 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2006 Zhang Deguang
(China)
(b. 1941)
Secretaries-general
1 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2010 Bolat Qabdylkhamïtuly
Nurghalïev (b. 1951)
(Bolat
Kabdylkhamitovich Nurgaliyev)
(Kazakhstan)
21 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2012 Muratbek Sansyzbayevich
Imanaliyev (b. 1956)
(Kyrgyzstan)
1 Jan 2013 - 12 Jan 2016 Dmitriy Fyodorovich
Mezentsev (b. 1959)
(Russia)
12 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2018 Rashid Kutbudinovich
Alimov (b.
1953)
(Tajikistan)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2021 Vladimir Imamovich
Norov (b. 1955)
(Uzbekistan)
1 Jan 2022
-
Zhang Ming
(China)
(b. 1957)
SCO membership (10)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
15 Jun 2001 |
China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
Tajikistan |
7 Jun 2002 |
Uzbekistan |
9 Jun 2017
|
India, Pakistan
|
4 Jul 2023
|
Iran
|
4 Jul 2024
|
Belarus
|
South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC)
Adopted 8 Dec 1985
|
SAARC
website |
Headquarters:
Kathmandu
(Nepal) |
SAARC Day: 8
Dec (1985)
SAARC Charter Day
|
8 Dec
1985
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established.
Secretaries-general
16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan
(Bangladesh)
(b. 1936 - d. 2008)
17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore
Bhargava (India) (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim
Hussain Zaki (Maldives) (b. 1947)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant
Silwal
(Nepal)
(b. 1938)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U.
Hasan
(Pakistan)
(b. 1941)
1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal
Rodrigo (Sri
Lanka)
(b. c.1945)
11 Jan 2002 - 28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim
(Bangladesh)
(b. 1942 - d. 2021)
1 Mar 2005 - 29 Feb 2008 Lyonpo
Chenkyab Dorji (Bhutan) (b.
1943)
1 Mar 2008 - 28 Feb 2011 Sheel Kanta Sharma
(India)
(b. 1950)
1 Mar 2011 - 22 Jan 2012 Fathimath Dhiyana
Saeed (f)
(b. 1974)
(Maldives)
22 Jan 2012 - 12 Mar 2012 Damayanthi Rajapakse
(f)(Sri Lanka)
(acting)
12 Mar 2012 - 28 Feb 2014 Ahmed Saleem (Maldives)
(b. 1949)
1 Mar 2014 - 28 Feb 2017 Arjun Bahadur Thapa
(Nepal) (b. 1956)
1 Mar 2017 - 29 Feb 2020
Amjad Hussain B. Sial (Pakistan) (b. 1956)
1 Mar 2020 - 24 Oct 2023 Esala Ruwan
Weerakoon (Sri Lanka) (b. 1961?)
25 Oct 2023
-
Mohammad Golam Sarwar (Bangladesh) (b. 1966)
SAARC membership (8)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
8 Dec 1985 |
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka |
3 Apr 2007
|
Afghanistan
|
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
(SEATO)
19 Feb 1959 - 30 Jun 1977
|
8 Sep 1954
Southeast Asia Collective Defense
Treaty, also called
the "Manila Pact", signed.
19 Feb
1955
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) established.
1 Feb 1974
Dissolution of military structures.
30 Jun
1977
SEATO dissolved.
Secretaries-general
5 Sep 1957 - 22 Sep 1957 Pote Sarasin (1st
time)(Thailand) (b. 1905 - d.
2000)
22 Sep 1957 - 10 Jan 1958 William Worth (Australia)
(b. 1912 - d.
2001)
(1st time)(acting)
10 Jan 1958 - 13 Dec 1963 Pote Sarasin (2nd time)(Thailand)
(s.a.)
13 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964 William Worth
(Australia) (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
19 Feb 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Konthi
Suphamongkhon (Thailand) (b. 1916 - d.
2011)
1 Jul 1965 - 5 Sep 1972 Jesus Miranda
Vargas
(b. 1905 - d. 1994)
(The Philippines)
5 Sep 1972 - 30 Jun 1977 Sunthorn
Hongladarom (Thailand) (b. 1912 - d.
2005)
SEATO membership
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
19 Feb 1955 |
Australia, France¹, New Zealand,
Pakistan2,
The Philippines,
Thailand, United Kingdom, United States |
¹France
ceased financial contributions from 30 Jun
1974. 2Pakistan
withdrew 7 Nov 1973. |
South Pacific
Forum: see Pacific Islands
Forum
Southern African Development Community
(SADC)
-
- 1980 - 1992
|
-
- Adopted 28 Aug 1995
|
SADC website
|
Anthem
"SADC Anthem"
Adopted Aug 2004 |
Headquarters: Gaborone
(Botswana)
|
SADC Day:
17 Aug (1992)
SADC Day
|
1 Apr
1980
Southern African Development Coordination Conference
(SADCC).
17 Aug
1992
Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Executive Secretaries
1980 -
1982
Lebang Mpotokwane
(Botswana) (b. 1944)
(1st time) (acting)
Oct 1982 - Mar
1984 Frederick Arthur
Blumeris (b. 1940 - d.
1984)
(Zimbabwe)
1984
Lebang Mpotokwane
(Botswana) (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
1984 - 31 Dec
1993
Simba Makoni
(Zimbabwe)
(b. 1950)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec
1999 Kaire Mbuende
(Namibia)
(b. 1953)
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Aug
2005 Prega Ramsamy
(Mauritius)
(b. 1950)
(acting to 9 Mar 2001)
1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013
Tomaz Augusto Salomão (Mozambique) (b. 1954)
1 Sep 2013 - 31 Aug 2021 Stergomena Lawrence
Tax (f) (b. 1960)
(Tanzania)
1 Sep 2021 -
Elias Mpedi Magosi (Botswana)
SADC membership (16)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
1 Apr 1980 |
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique,
Swaziland¹,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
31 Mar 1990 |
Namibia |
30 Aug 1994 |
South Africa |
28 Aug 1995 |
Mauritius |
8 Sep 1997 |
Congo (Kinshasa), Seychelles2 |
18 Aug 2005 |
Madagascar3 |
17 Aug 2018
|
Comoros
|
¹from
2018 Eswatini. 2Seychelles
withdrew 1 Jul 2004, rejoined 16 Aug
2008. 3Madagascar
suspended 30 Mar 2009 - 30 Jan 2014. |
Southern Cone
Common Market (MERCOSUR)
-
- Adopted 16 Dec 1996
(Spanish)
|
-
- (Portuguese variant)
|
26 Mar
1991
Southern Cone Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur/
Mercado Comum do Sul)(Mercosur/Mercosul) founded
by the "Treaty of Asunción."
17 Dec
1994
Customs union inaugurated.
1 Jan
1997
Secretariat inaugurated.
6 Dec 2006
Parlamento del
Mercosur (Parlasur/Parlasul)
effective.
Directors of the Secretariat
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1998 Jorge
Enrique Fernández Reyes
(b. 1953)
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2000 Ramón
Antero Díaz Pereira
(b. 1947)
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Santiago José
González Cravino
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2005 Reginaldo
Braga Arcuri (Brazil) (b. 1955?)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2007 José Ernesto
Büttner Limprich
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2009 José Manuel Quijano
Capurro (b.
1944)
(Uruguay)
1 Dec 2010 - 31 Dec 2011 Agustín Miguel
Colombo Sierra (b. 1952)
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2012 - 30 Jun 2014 Jeferson Miola
(Brazil)
1 Jul 2014 - 31 Dec 2016 Oscar Pastore
(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 Linda Rabbaglietti
Amor (f)
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2020 María Fernanda
Monti (f)
(Argentina)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2022 Luiz de Gonzaga
Coelho Júnior
(Brazil)
1 Jan 2023 -
Bernardino Hugo Saguier Caballero (b.
1945)
(Paraguay)
Presidents of the Parliament of Mercosur
(Parlasur/Parlasul)
7 May 2007 – 25 Jun 2007 Alfonso González
Núñez (Paraguay) (b. 1964)
25 Jun 2007 – 18 Dec 2007 Carlos Roberto Conde
Carreras (b. 1952)
(Uruguay)
18 Dec 2007 – 27 Jun 2008 José Juan Bautista
Pampuro (b. 1949)
(1st
time)(Argentina)
28 Jun 2008 – 10 Feb 2009 Florisvaldo Fier
(Brazil) (b. 1950)
10 Feb 2009 – 17 Aug 2009 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín (Paraguay)
(1st time)
17 Aug 2009 - 2 Feb 2010 Juan José Domínguez
(Uruguay)
2 Feb 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 José Juan
Bautista Pampuro (s.a.)
(2nd
time)(Argentina)
9 Aug 2010 - 6 Jun 2011 Aloizio
Mercadante Oliva (Brazil) (b. 1954)
7 Jun 2011 - 12 Aug 2011 Ignacio Mendoza
Unzaín (Paraguay)
(2nd
time)
12 Aug 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Azambuja Reinaldo Silva
(Brazil) (b. 1963)
1 Jul 2013 - 15 Feb 2015 Rubén
Martínez Huelmo (Uruguay)
(b. 1949)
(acting to 2 Dec 2013)
26 Feb 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Saúl Antonio Ortega
Campos (b. 1956)
(Venezuela)
1 Jan 2016 - 1 Dec 2016 Jorge Enrique
Taiana (Argentina) (b. 1950)
1 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2017 Arlindo Chinaglia
Junior (Brazil) (b. 1949)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Tomás Enrique
Bittar Navarro (b. 1965)
(1st
time)(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Daniel Caggiani
Gómez (Uruguay) (b. 1983)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020 Oscar
Laborde Alberto (Argentina) (b. 1953)
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021 Celso Ubirajara
Russomanno (Brazil)(b. 1956)
1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022 Tomás Enrique
Bittar Navarro (s.a.)
(2nd time)(Paraguay)
1 Jan 2023 - 7 May 2023 Gustavo
Penadés Etchebarne (b.
1965)
(Uruguay)
8 May 2023 - 7 Jun 2023 Cecilia
Catherine Britto (f)
(Argentina) (interim)
8 Jun 2023 - 26 Jun 2023 Rubén Aníbal
Bacigalupe Aunés (b. 1966)
(Uruguay) (acting)
26 Jun 2023 - 31 Dec 2023 Mario Enrique Colman
Giriboni
(Uruguay)
1 Jan 2024 -
Alfredo Horacio Olmedo (Argentina)
(b. 1965)
MERCOSUR membership (6)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
26 Mar 1991 |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay¹, Uruguay |
31 Jul 2012
|
Venezuela2 |
7 Dec 2023
|
Bolivia3
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of Mercosur
|
1 Oct 1996
|
Chile
|
1 Jan 1997
|
Bolivia3
|
25 Aug 2003
|
Peru
|
16 Dec 2004
|
Colombia, Ecuador
|
17 Jul 2015
|
Guyana, Suriname
|
¹Paraguay suspended
29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013. 2Venezuela
an associate member 16 Dec 2004 - 31
Jul 2012; suspended from 5 Aug 2017. 3Bolivia
approved for regular membership 17 Jul
2015, admitted as regular
member 7 Dec 2023. |
Union of South American Nations
(UNASUR)
23 May 2008 - 2011 Unofficial
|
Adopted 2011
|
Variant |
UNASUR
website
|
Headquarters: Quito
(Ecuador)
(Brasilia, Brazil interim 2008-2011);
Parlamento
Suramericano:
Cochabamba (Bolivia)
|
8 Dec 2004
South American Community of Nations.
23 May 2008
Union of South American Nations (Unión
de Naciones Suramericanas
[UNASUR]/União
de Nações Sul-Americanas [UNASUL]) founded.
11 Mar 2011
Constitutive Treaty enters into
force.
13 Dec 2023
UNASUR announces the reactivation of institutions.
Secretaries-general
4 May 2010 - 27 Oct 2010 Néstor
Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (b.
1950 - d. 2010)
(Argentina)
27 Oct 2010 - 1 Apr 2011 Vacant
1 Apr 2011 - 11 Jun 2012 María Emma Mejía
Vélez (f)(Colombia) (b. 1953)
(acting to 11 May 2011)
11 Jun 2012 - 11 Sep 2014 Alí Rodríguez
Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937 - d. 2018)
11 Sep 2014 - 31 Jan 2017 Ernesto Samper
Pizano (Colombia) (b. 1950)
1 Feb 2017
-
Vacant
Presidents Pro Tempore
23 May 2008 - 10
Aug 2009 Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (f) (b.
1951)
(Chile)
10 Aug 2009 - 26 Nov 2010 Rafael
Correa Delgado (Ecuador) (b.
1963)
26 Nov 2010 - 29 Oct 2011 Bharrat
Jagdeo (Guyana)
(b. 1964)
29 Oct 2011 - 22 Jun 2012
Fernando Lugo Méndez
(Paraguay) (b. 1951)
22 Jun 2012 - 29 Jun 2012 Vacant
29 Jun 2012 - 30 Aug 2013
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Peru) (b. 1962)
30 Aug 2013 - 4 Dec 2014 Dési
Bouterse (Suriname)
(b. 1945)
4 Dec 2014 - 1 Mar 2015 José Mujica
(Uruguay)
(b. 1935)
1 Mar 2015 - 22 Apr 2016 Tabaré Vázquez
(Uruguay) (b.
1940 - d. 2020)
23 Apr 2016 - 17 Apr 2017 Nicolás
Maduro Moros (Venezuela) (b. 1962)
18 Apr 2017 - 17 Apr 2018
Mauricio Macri (Argentina)
(b. 1959)
17 Apr 2018 - 16 Apr 2019 Juan Evo
Morales Ayma (Bolivia) (b. 1959)
17 Apr 2019
-
Vacant
UNASUR membership (9)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
11 Mar 2011
|
Argentina¹, Bolivia2,
Chile3,
Colombia4,
Ecuador5,
Guyana, Peru6, Suriname,
Uruguay7,
Venezuela
|
14 Jul 2011
|
Brazil8 |
11 Aug 2011
|
Paraguay9 |
¹Argentina suspended
its participation 20 Apr 2018, announced withdrawal
27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later); rejoined 4 May 2023,
withdrew again 12 Dec 2023.
2Bolivia
announced withdrawal 18 Nov 2019 (to
be effective six months later),
withdrawal rescinded 20 Nov 2020.
3Chile
suspended its participation 20
Apr 2018, announced withdrawal
27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later),
rejoined 5 Dec
2023. 4Colombia
suspended its membership 20 Apr 2018; announced
withdrawal 10 Aug 2018
(to be effective six months later),
rejoined 5 Dec 2023. 5Ecuador
announced its withdrawal 13
Mar 2019, effective 17 Sep 2019. 6Peru suspended
its participation from 20 Apr 2018; withdrawal
announced 27 Aug 2018 (to be effective six
months later); rejoined 5 Dec 2023. 7Uruguay
announced withdrawal 10 Mar
2020 (to be effective six
months later). 8Brazil
suspended its participation 20 Apr 2018;
announced withdrawal 27 Aug 2018 (to be
effective six months later), rejoined 5 May
2023. 9Paraguay
suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013; suspended
its participation 20 Apr 2018, announced
withdrawal 27 Aug 2018 (to be
effective six months later).
|
Union
of State of Belarus and Russia
-
- Proposed Flag
|
-
- Proposed Flag Variant
|
Union website
|
Unofficial
Anthem
"Derzhavny Soyuz
Narodov/Dzyarzhauny
Sayuz Narodau"
(Sovereign Union of Nations)
|
Headquarters:
Moscow
(Russia)
|
Union Holiday:
2 Apr (1996)
Den' Yedineniya Narodov
Belarusi i Rossii
(Day of Unity of the
Peoples of Belarus
and Russia)
|
6 Jan
1995
Agreement on the Customs
Union of Russia and Belarus
2 Apr 1996
Community of
Belarus and Russia (Soobshchestva
Belarusi i Rossii).
2 Apr
1997
Union of Belarus and Russia (Soyuz
Belarusi i Rossii) created
by the Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia.
25 Dec 1998
Declaration on the Further Unity of Belarus and Russia,
the
Treaty on Equal Rights of Citizens, and
the Agreement on the
Creation of Equal Conditions for Economic Entities
signed.
8 Dec 1999
Treaty on the Creation of a
Union State of Russia and Belarus
signed (ratified by Russia 26 Dec 1999, by
Belarus 26 Jan 2000).
26 Jan 2000
Union State of Russia and
Belarus (Soyuznoye gosudarstvo Rossii i
Belorussii).
4 Dec 2001 - 1 Jan 2010 Customs union
de facto suspended.
State Secretaries of the Union
State of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 - 15 Dec 2011 Pavel Pavlovich Borodin
(Russia) (b. 1946)
15 Dec 2011 - 19 Mar 2021 Grigoriy Alekseyevich
Rapota (Russia) (b. 1944)
19 Mar 2021 -
Dmitriy Fyodorovich Mezentsev (Russia)(b. 1959)
President of the Supreme State Council of the
Union State of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 -
Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka
(b. 1954)
(Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko)
(Belarus)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Union State
of Russia and Belarus
26 Jan 2000 -
the Prime ministers of Russia
State Union membership (2)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
26 Jan 2000
|
Belarus, Russia
|
United Nations (UN)
-
- Apr 1945 - 7 Dec 1946
|
-
- Adopted 7 Dec 1946
|
26 Jun
1945
"United Nations Charter" signed.
24 Oct
1945
United Nations Charter effective.
18 Apr
1946
League of Nations officially transfers its assets
and responsibilities to the United Nations.
Secretaries-general
24 Oct 1945 - 29 Jan 1946 Sir Gladwyn
Jebb (U.K.) (acting) (b. 1900 - d. 1996)
2 Feb 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Trygve Lie
(Norway)
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
10 Apr 1953 - 18 Sep 1961 Dag
Hammarskjöld
(Sweden)
(b. 1905 - d. 1961)
3 Nov 1961 - 31 Dec 1971 U Thant
(Burma)
(b. 1909 - d. 1974)
(acting to 30 Nov 1962)
1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1981 Kurt
Waldheim
(Austria)
(b. 1918 - d. 2007)
1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1991 Javier
Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru) (b. 1920
- d. 2020)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1996 Boutros
Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) (b.
1922 - d. 2016)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2006 Kofi Annan
(Ghana)
(b. 1938 - d. 2018)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2016 Ban Ki
Moon (South
Korea)
(b. 1944)
1 Jan 2017
-
António Manuel de
Oliveira
(b. 1949)
Guterres (Portugal)
Presidents of the General Assembly
10 Jan 1946 - 16 Sep 1947
Paul-Henri Spaak
(Belgium)
(b. 1899 - d. 1972)
16 Sep 1947 - 16 Apr 1948
Oswaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (b. 1894 - d.
1960)
(Brazil)
16 Apr 1948 - 21 Sep 1948 José
Arce
(Argentina)
(b. 1881 - d. 1968)
21 Sep 1948 - 20 Sep 1949
Herbert Vere Evatt (Australia)
(b. 1894 - d. 1965)
20 Sep 1949 - 19 Sep 1950 Carlos
Peña Rómulo
(b. 1899 - d. 1985)
(The Philippines)
19 Sep 1950 - 6 Nov 1951
Nasrollah Entezam
(Iran)
(b. 1900 - d. 1980)
6 Nov 1951 - 14 Oct 1952
Luis Padilla Nervo
(Mexico) (b.
1894 - d. 1985)
14 Oct 1952 - 15 Sep 1953 Lester
Bowles Pearson (Canada) (b. 1897
- d. 1972)
15 Sep 1953 - 21 Sep 1954 Vijaya
Lakshmi Pandit (f) (India) (b. 1900 - d. 1990)
21 Sep 1954 - 20 Sep 1955 Eelco
Nicolaas van
Kleffens (b.
1894 - d. 1983)
(The Netherlands)
20 Sep 1955 - 1 Nov 1956
José Guillermo Maza Fernández
(b. 1889 - d. 1964)
(Chile)
1 Nov 1956 - 12 Nov 1956 Rudecindo
Ortega Masson (Chile) (b. 1899 - d.
1962)
12 Nov 1956 - 17 Sep 1957 Prince
Wan Waithayakon (Thailand) (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
17 Sep 1957 - 16 Sep 1958 Sir
Leslie Munro (New Zealand) (b.
1901 - d. 1974)
16 Sep 1958 - 15 Sep 1959
Charles Habib Malik
(Lebanon) (b. 1906 - d.
1987)
15 Sep 1959 - 20 Sep 1960 Víctor
Andrés Belaúnde Diez-Canseco(b. 1883 - d. 1966)
(Peru)
20 Sep 1960 - 20 Sep 1961 Frederick Henry
Boland (Ireland) (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
20 Sep 1961 - 18 Sep 1962 Mongi
Slim
(Tunisia)
(b. 1908 - d. 1969)
18 Sep 1962 - 17 Sep 1963 Sir
Mohammad Zafrulla
Khan (b.
1893 - d. 1985)
(Pakistan)
17 Sep 1963 - 1 Dec 1964
Carlos Sosa Rodríguez (Venezuela) (b. 1912 - d.
1997)
1 Dec 1964 - 21 Sep 1965
Alex Quaison-Sackey
(Ghana) (b.
1924 - d. 1992)
21 Sep 1965 - 20 Sep 1966
Amintore Fanfani
(Italy)
(b. 1908 - d. 1999)
20 Sep 1966 - 19 Sep 1967 Abdul
Rahman Pazhwak (Afghanistan) (b. 1919 - d. 1995)
19 Sep 1967 - 24 Sep 1968
Corneliu Mănescu
(Romania)
(b. 1916 - d. 2000)
24 Sep 1968 - 17 Apr 1969 Emilio
Arenales
Catalán
(b. 1922 - d. 1969)
(Guatemala)
16 Sep 1969 - 15 Sep 1970 Angie
Elizabeth Brooks (f)(Liberia)(b. 1928 - d. 2007)
(from 27 Apr 1970, Angie Elizabeth Brooks-Randolph)
15 Sep 1970 - 21 Sep 1971 Edvard
Hambro
(Norway)
(b. 1911 - d. 1977)
21 Sep 1971 - 19 Sep 1972 Adam
Malik
(Indonesia)
(b. 1917 - d. 1984)
19 Sep 1972 - 18 Sep 1973
Stanisław Trepczyński (Poland)
(b. 1924 - d. 2002)
18 Sep 1973 - 17 Sep 1974
Leopoldo Benítes Vinueza (Ecuador) (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
17 Sep 1974 - 16 Sep 1975
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria)
(b. 1937 - d. 2021)
16 Sep 1975 - 21 Sep 1976 Gaston
Egmond Thorn (Luxembourg) (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
21 Sep 1976 - 20 Sep 1977
Hamilton Shirley
Amerasinghe (b. 1913
- d. 1980)
(Sri Lanka)
20 Sep 1977 - 19 Sep 1978 Lazar
Mojsov
(Yugoslavia)
(b. 1920 - d. 2011)
19 Sep 1978 - 18 Sep 1979
Indalecio Liévano
Aguirre
(b. 1917 - d. 1982)
(Colombia)
18 Sep 1979 - 16 Sep 1980 Salim
Ahmed Salim
(Tanzania) (b. 1942)
16 Sep 1980 - 15 Sep 1981
Rüdiger von Wechmar (W. Germany) (b. 1923 -
d. 2007)
15 Sep 1981 - 21 Sep 1982 Ismat
Taha Kittani
(Iraq)
(b. 1929 - d. 2001)
21 Sep 1982 - 20 Sep 1983 Imre
Hollai
(Hungary)
(b. 1925 - d. 2017)
20 Sep 1983 - 18 Sep 1984 Jorge
Enrique Illueca Sibauste (b. 1918 - d.
2012)
(Panama)
18 Sep 1984 - 17 Sep 1985 Paul
John Firmino Lusaka (Zambia) (b. 1935 - d. 1996)
17 Sep 1985 - 16 Sep 1986 Jaime
de Piniés
(Spain)
(b. 1917 - d. 2003)
16 Sep 1986 - 15 Sep 1987
Humayun Rasheed
Chowdhury
(b. 1928 - d. 2001)
(Bangladesh)
15 Sep 1987 - 20 Sep 1988 Peter
Florin (East
Germany) (b.
1921 - d. 2014)
20 Sep 1988 - 19 Sep 1989 Dante
María Caputo (Argentina) (b.
1943 - d. 2018)
19 Sep 1989 - 18 Sep 1990 Joseph
Nanven Garba (Nigeria) (b.
1943 - d. 2002)
18 Sep 1990 - 17 Sep 1991 Guido
de Marco
(Malta)
(b. 1931 - d. 2010)
17 Sep 1991 - 15 Sep 1992 Samir
Sobhi Shihabi (Saudi Arabia) (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
15 Sep 1992 - 21 Sep 1993 Stoyan
Ganev
(Bulgaria)
(b. 1955 - d. 2013)
21 Sep 1993 - 20 Sep 1994 Samuel
Rudolph "Rudy" Insanally (b. 1936 - d.
2023)
(Guyana)
20 Sep 1994 - 19 Sep 1995 Amara
Essy (Côte
d'Ivoire)
(b. 1944)
19 Sep 1995 - 17 Sep 1996 Diogo
Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (b.
1941 - d. 2019)
(Portugal)
17 Sep 1996 - 16 Sep 1997 Razali
Ismail
(Malaysia)
(b. 1939)
16 Sep 1997 - 9 Sep 1998
Hennadii Udovenko
(Ukraine) (b.
1931 - d. 2013)
9 Sep 1998 - 14 Sep 1999
Didier Opertti Badán
(Uruguay) (b. 1937)
14 Sep 1999 - 5 Sep 2000
Theo-Ben Gurirab
(Namibia)
(b. 1939 - d. 2018)
5 Sep 2000 - 12 Sep 2001
Harri Holkeri
(Finland)
(b. 1937 - d. 2011)
12 Sep 2001 - 10 Sep 2002 Han
Seung-Soo (South
Korea) (b.
1936)
10 Sep 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Jan
Kavan (Czech
Republic)
(b. 1946)
16 Sep 2003 - 14 Sep 2004 Julian
Robert Hunte (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940)
14 Sep 2004 - 13 Sep 2005 Jean
Ping
(Gabon)
(b. 1942)
13 Sep 2005 - 12 Sep 2006 Jan
Eliasson
(Sweden)
(b. 1940)
12 Sep 2006 - 18 Sep 2007
Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifah (f)(b. 1952)
(Bahrain)
18 Sep 2007 - 16 Sep 2008 Srgjan Kerim (Macedonia
FYR) (b. 1948)
16 Sep 2008 - 15 Sep 2009 Miguel d'Escoto
Brockmann (b. 1933 -
d. 2017)
(Nicaragua)
15 Sep 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Ali Abdussalam Treki
(Libya) (b. 1938 - d. 2015)
14 Sep 2010 - 13 Sep 2011 Joseph Deiss
(Switzerland) (b. 1946)
13 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2012 Nasser Abdulaziz
Al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1953)
18 Sep 2012 - 17 Sep 2013 Vuk Jeremić
(Serbia)
(b. 1975)
17 Sep 2013 - 16 Sep 2014 John William Ashe
(b. 1954 - d. 2016)
(Antigua and Barbuda)
16 Sep 2014 - 15 Sep 2015 Sam Kahamba Kutesa
(Uganda) (b.
1949)
15 Sep 2015 - 13 Sep 2016 Mogens Lykketoft
(Denmark)
(b. 1946)
13 Sep 2016 - 12 Sep 2017 Peter Thomson
(Fiji)
(b. 1948)
12 Sep 2017 - 18 Sep 2018
Miroslav Lajčák
(Slovakia)
(b. 1963)
18 Sep 2018 - 16 Sep 2019 María
Fernanda Espinosa Garcés (f) (b.
1964)
(Ecuador)
16 Sep 2019 - 15 Sep 2020
Tijjani Muhammad-Bande (Nigeria) (b. 1957)
15 Sep 2020 - 14 Sep 2021
Volkan Bozkır
(Turkey)
(b. 1950)
14 Sep 2021 - 13 Sep 2022 Abdulla Shahid
(Maldives)
(b. 1962)
13 Sep 2022 - 5
Sep 2023
Csaba Kőrösi (Hungary)
(b. 1958)
5 Sep 2023 - 10 Sep 2024 Dennis
Francis
(b.
1956)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
10 Sep 2024
-
Philemon Yang
(Cameroon)
(b. 1947)
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
1 Jan 1951 - 8 Jul 1956
Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart
(b. 1901 - d. 1956)
(The Netherlands)
8 Jul 1956 - 31 Dec
1956 James Morgan Read II (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1908
- d. 1985)
1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec
1960 Auguste Rudolf Lindt (Switzerland) (b. 1905
- d. 2000)
1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec
1965 Felix Schnyder
(Switzerland) (b.
1910 - d. 1992)
1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec
1977 Sadruddin Aga Khan
(Iran)
(b. 1933 - d. 2003)
1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec
1985 Poul Hartling
(Denmark)
(b. 1914 - d. 2000)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Oct
1989 Jean-Pierre Hocké
(Switzerland) (b. 1938 - d. 2021)
1 Nov 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Gerald
Hinteregger
(Austria) (b. 1928
- d. 2013)
(acting)
1 Jan 1990 -
2 Nov 1990 Thorvald Stoltenberg
(Norway) (b. 1931 - d.
2018)
2 Nov 1990 - 18 Feb
1991 Douglas Stafford (U.S.) (acting)
(b. 1933 - d. 2015)
18 Feb 1991 - 31 Dec 2000 Sadako Ogata
(f)
(Japan)
(b. 1927 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 2001 - 24 Feb
2005 Rudolphus "Ruud"
Lubbers
(b. 1939 - d. 2018)
(The Netherlands)
24 Feb 2005 - 15 Jun
2005 Wendy Jean Chamberlin (f)(U.S.)
(b. 1948)
(acting)
15 Jun 2005 - 31 Dec
2015 António Manuel de
Oliveira
(s.a.)
Guterres (Portugal)
1 Jan 2016
-
Filippo Grandi (Italy)
(b. 1957)
United Nations High Commissioners for Human
Rights
5 Apr 1994 - 15 Mar 1997 José
Julio Ayala Lasso (Ecuador) (b. 1932)
15 Mar 1997 - 12 Sep 1997 Ralph Zacklin
(U.K.) (interim) (b. 1937)
12 Sep 1997 - 12 Sep 2002 Mary Terese
Winifred
Bourke (b.
1944)
Robinson (f) (Ireland)
12 Sep 2002 - 19 Aug 2003 Sérgio Vieira
de Mello (Brazil) (b. 1948 - d.
2003)
2 Jun 2003 - 1 Jul 2004
Bertrand "Bertie" Gangapersaud
(b. 1943)
Ramcharan (Guyana)
(acting [for Mello to 19 Aug 2003])
1 Jul 2004 - 30 Jun 2008 Louise
Arbour (f)
(Canada)
(b. 1947)
1 Jul 2008 - 31 Aug 2008
Kyung-wha Kang (f)(South Korea)
(b. 1955)
(acting)
1 Sep 2008 - 31 Aug 2014 Navanethem "Navi"
Pillay (f) (b.
1941)
(South
Africa)
1 Sep 2014 - 31 Aug 2018 Prince Zeid bin
Ra'ad bin Zeid (b. 1946)
al-Hussein (Jordan)
1 Sep 2018 - 31 Aug 2022 Verónica
Michelle Bachelet (b.
1951)
Jeria (f)(Chile)
1 Sep 2022 - 8 Sep 2022 Nada
al-Nashif (f)(Jordan)(acting)
8 Sep 2022
-
Volker Türk
(Austria)
(b. 1965)
-
High Representatives for the United Nations
Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC)
1 Apr 2007 - 1 Mar 2013 Jorge
Fernando Branco de Sampaio (b. 1939 - d.
2021)
(Portugal)
1 Mar 2013 - 7 Jan 2019
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1952)
7 Jan 2019 -
Miguel Ángel Moratinos
Cuyaubé (b. 1951)
(Spain)
UN membership (193)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
24 Oct 1945 |
Argentina, Byelorussian S.S.R.1, Brazil,
Chile, China2,
Cuba, Czechoslovakia3,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt4, El
Salvador, France, Haiti, Iran, Lebanon,
Luxembourg, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Paraguay,
The Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Soviet
Union5,
Syria4,
Turkey6,
Ukrainian S.S.R.7,
United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia8 |
25 Oct 1945 |
Greece |
30 Oct 1945 |
India |
31 Oct 1945 |
Peru |
1 Nov 1945 |
Australia |
2 Nov 1945 |
Costa Rica, Liberia |
5 Nov 1945 |
Colombia |
7 Nov 1945 |
Mexico, South Africa9 |
9 Nov 1945 |
Canada |
13 Nov 1945 |
Ethiopia, Panama |
14 Nov 1945 |
Bolivia |
15 Nov 1945 |
Venezuela |
21 Nov 1945 |
Guatemala |
27 Nov 1945 |
Norway |
10 Dec 1945 |
The Netherlands |
17 Dec 1945 |
Honduras |
18 Dec 1945 |
Uruguay |
21 Dec 1945 |
Ecuador, Iraq |
27 Dec 1945 |
Belgium |
19 Nov 1946 |
Afghanistan, Iceland, Sweden |
16 Dec 1946 |
Thailand |
30 Sep 1947 |
Pakistan, Yemen (Sana)10 |
19 Apr 1948 |
Burma11 |
11 May 1949 |
Israel |
28 Sep 1950 |
Indonesia12 |
14 Dec 1955 |
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia,
Ceylon13,
Finland, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal,
Romania, Spain |
12 Nov 1956 |
Morocco, The Sudan, Tunisia |
18 Dec 1956 |
Japan |
8 Mar 1957 |
Ghana |
17 Sep 1957 |
Malaya14 |
12 Dec 1958 |
Guinea |
20 Sep 1960 |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo (Brazzaville), Congo
(Léopoldville)14,
Cyprus, Dahomey16,
Gabon, Ivory Coast17,
Madagascar18,
Niger, Somalia, Togo, Upper Volta19 |
28 Sep 1960 |
Mali, Senegal |
7 Oct 1960 |
Nigeria |
27 Sep 1961 |
Sierra Leone |
7 Oct 1961 |
Mauritania |
27 Oct 1961 |
Mongolia |
14 Dec 1961 |
Tanganyika20 |
18 Sep 1962 |
Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda, Trinidad and
Tobago |
8 Oct 1962 |
Algeria |
25 Oct 1962 |
Uganda |
14 May 1963 |
Kuwait |
16 Dec 1963 |
Kenya, Zanzibar20 |
1 Dec 1964 |
Malawi, Malta, Zambia |
21 Sep 1965 |
The Gambia, Maldives, Singapore |
20 Sep 1966 |
Guyana |
17 Oct 1966 |
Botswana, Lesotho |
9 Dec 1966 |
Barbados |
14 Dec 1967 |
Yemen (Aden)10 |
24 Apr 1968 |
Mauritius |
24 Sep 1968 |
Swaziland21 |
12 Nov 1968 |
Equatorial Guinea |
13 Oct 1970 |
Fiji |
21 Sep 1971 |
Bahrain, Bhutan, Qatar |
7 Oct 1971 |
Oman |
9 Dec 1971 |
United Arab Emirates |
18 Sep 1973 |
The Bahamas, East Germany22, West
Germany22 |
17 Sep 1974 |
Bangladesh, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau |
16 Sep 1975 |
Cape Verde23,
Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe |
10 Oct 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
12 Nov 1975 |
Comoros |
4 Dec 1975 |
Suriname |
21 Sep 1976 |
Seychelles |
1 Dec 1976 |
Angola |
15 Dec 1976 |
Western Samoa24 |
20 Sep 1977 |
Djibouti, Vietnam |
19 Sep 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
18 Dec 1978 |
Dominica |
18 Sep 1979 |
Saint Lucia |
25 Aug 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
16 Sep 1980 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
15 Sep 1981 |
Vanuatu |
25 Sep 1981 |
Belize |
11 Nov 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
23 Sep 1983 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
21 Sep 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
23 Apr 1990 |
Namibia |
18 Sep 1990 |
Liechtenstein |
17 Sep 1991 |
Estonia, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia,
Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated States
of Micronesia |
2 Mar 1992 |
Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
San Marino, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan |
9 Mar 1992 |
Azerbaijan |
22 May 1992 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Slovenia |
31 Jul 1992 |
Georgia |
19 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
8 Apr 1993 |
Macedonia25 |
28 May 1993 |
Monaco, Eritrea |
28 Jul 1993 |
Andorra |
15 Dec 1994 |
Palau |
14 Sep 1999 |
Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga |
5 Sep 2000 |
Tuvalu |
1 Nov 2000 |
Serbia and Montenegro8 |
10 Sep 2002 |
Switzerland |
27 Sep 2002 |
East Timor26 |
28 Jun 2006 |
Montenegro |
14 Jul 2011
|
South Sudan
|
- 1from 19
Sep 1991 Belarus. 2Republic
of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15
Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China
represented by the People's Republic of
China. 3Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 4on 21
Feb 1958, the United Arab Republic was
established by a union of Egypt and Syria
and continued as a single member; on
13 Oct 1961 Syria, having resumed its status
as an independent state on 29 Sep 1961,
resumed its separate membership. On
2 Sep 1971 the United Arab Republic was
renamed Arab Republic of Egypt. 5Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, Russia
succeeded to Soviet seat. 6from 1
Jun 2022 communication to UN that Turkish
short-form name Türkiye is to be used in all
languages. 7from 1991
Ukraine. 8Socialist
Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up
in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia
reconstituted as Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat;
on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was
suspended from participation in the General
Assembly and told to reapply for membership,
which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000);
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and
Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by
Serbia. 9from
12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General
Assembly refused to accept the credentials
of the South African delegation because of
the country's apartheid policies, but South
Africa retained membership. 10Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.
11from
1989 Myanmar. 12Indonesia
withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.
13from
1972 Sri Lanka. 14from
1963 Malaysia. 151966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97
Zaire. 16from
1975 Benin. 17from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 18to 30
Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic. 19from
1984 Burkina Faso. 20Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,
which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 21from
2018 Eswatini. 22East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 23from
2013 Cabo Verde. 24from
1997 Samoa. 25as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia. 26from
2003 Timor-Leste.
|
Note:
Vatican City is the only undisputed nation
that is a non-member. |
-
- United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF)
UNICEF
Flag
|
UNICEF Variant
|
UNICEF
website
|
Headquarters: New
York City (United States)
|
UNICEF Day:
20 Nov (1959)
Universal Children's Day
|
11 Dec
1946
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF)
created,
as a temporary agency of the United Nations.
6 Oct 1953
Renamed United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF), made a permanent
specialized agency of the United Nations.
20 Nov 1959
"Declaration of the Rights of the
Child" adopted by U.N.
Executive Directors (all from U.S., except as
noted)
11 Dec 1946 - 19 Jan 1965 Maurice Pate
(b. 1894 - d. 1965)
19 Jan 1965 - Jun 1965
Eric John Richard "Dick" Heyward (b. 1914 - d.
2005)
(Australia) (acting)
Jun 1965 - 31 Dec 1979 Henry
Richardson Labouisse (b.
1904 - d. 1987)
1 Jan 1980 - 28 Jan 1995 James
Grant
(b. 1922 - d. 1995)
1 May 1995 - 30 Apr 2005 Carol
Bellamy (f)
(b. 1942)
1 May 2005 - 30 Apr 2010 Ann
Margaret Veneman (f)
(b. 1949)
1 May 2010 - 31 Dec 2017 Anthony "Tony"
Lake
(b. 1939)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Jan 2022 Henrietta
Holsman Fore
(f) (b.
1948)
1 Feb 2022 -
Catherine Mary Russell (f)
(b. 1961)
UNICEF membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
11 Dec 1946
|
the Executive Board consists
of 36 members, elected for a three-year term with
the following regional allocation of seats: 8
African states, 7 Asian states, 4 Eastern European
states, 5 Latin American and Caribbean states and
12 Western European and other states (including
Japan). The United Nations
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
elects states to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board
from state members of the United Nations or of the
specialized agencies or of the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
|
United Nations
Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD)
- Adopted
30 Dec 1964
|
20 Mar 1964 - 6 Jun 1964 The first United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development
takes
place.
30 Dec 1964
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
established, as a permanent organ of the UN General
Assembly.
Secretaries-general
Mar 1964 - Mar 1969 Raúl
Prebisch (Argentina)
(b. 1901 - d. 1986)
(executive secretary to Dec 1964)
Mar 1969 - Mar 1974
Manuel Pérez-Guerrero
(Venezuela) (b. 1911 - d. 1985)
5 Apr 1974 - 31 Dec 1984 Gamani Corea
(Sri Lanka)
(b. 1925 - d. 2013)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Alister
McIntyre (Grenada) (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
1 Jan 1986 - 31 Mar 1994 Kenneth K.S.
Dadzie (Ghana) (b. 1930
- d. 1995)
1 Apr 1994 - 14 Sep 1995 Carlos Fortín
Cabezas (Chile) (b.
1940)
(1st
time) (acting)
15 Sep 1995 - 15 Sep 2004 Rubens Ricupero
(Brazil) (b.
1937)
15 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Carlos
Fortín Cabezas (Chile)
(s.a.)
(2nd
time) (acting)
1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Supachai
Panitchpakdi (Thailand) (b. 1946)
1 Sep 2013 - 15 Feb 2021 Mukhisa Kituyi
(Kenya)
(b. 1956)
16 Feb 2021 - 13 Sep 2021
Isabelle Annie Josée Durant
(f) (b. 1954)
(Belgium) (acting)
13 Sep 2021
-
Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis (f)
(b. 1955)
(Costa Rica)
UNCTAD membership (195)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
30 Dec 1964
|
the members of the United Nations
|
30 Dec 1964 |
Holy See |
24 May 2018
|
Palestine
|
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)
Adopted 22 Nov 1965
|
UNDP Logo Variant
Flag
|
UNDP website
|
Headquarters: New
York
(United States)
|
UNDP Day: 24
Oct (1970)
World Development
Information Day
|
22 Nov 1965
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) established,
as a
specialized agency of the United Nations.
Administrators
1 Jan 1966 - 15 Jan 1972 Paul Gray
Hoffman (U.S.) (b.
1891 - d. 1974)
1972 - 1976
Rudolph Arvid Peterson (U.S.)
(b. 1904 - d. 2003)
1976 - 1986
Frank Bradford Morse (U.S.)
(b. 1921 - d. 1994)
1986 - 1993
William Henry Draper III (U.S.)
(b. 1928)
1993 - 30 Jun 1999
James Gustave "Gus" Speth (U.S.) (b. 1942)
1 Jul 1999 - 15 Aug 2005 George Mark
Malloch Brown (U.K.) (b. 1953)
15 Aug 2005 - 28 Feb 2009 Kemal Derviş
(Turkey)
(b. 1949 - d. 2023)
1 Mar 2009 - 20 Apr 2009 Ad Melkert
(The Netherlands) (b.
1956)
(acting)
20 Apr 2009 - 19 Apr 2017 Helen E. Clark (f)
(New Zealand) (b. 1950)
20 Apr 2017
-
Achim Steiner
(Germany)
(b. 1961)
UNDP membership
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
22 Nov 1965
|
36 Executive Board members
selected on a rotating basis
from United Nations members
from all regions
|
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO Flag
|
UNESCO Heritage Sites
Flag
Adopted 1978
|
Heritage Sites Flag Variant
|
4 Nov
1946
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
(UNESCO)(Organisation des Nations Unies pour
l'éducation, la
Science et la Culture)
established, as a UN specialized agency.
Directors-general
6 Dec 1946 - 9 Dec 1948
Julian Huxley
(U.K.)
(b. 1887 - d. 1975)
10 Dec 1948 - 1 Dec 1952 Jaime
Torres Bodet
(Mexico) (b.
1902 - d. 1974)
2 Dec 1952 - 3 Jul 1953 John
W. Taylor (U.S.) (interim) (b. 1906 -
d. 2001)
4 Jul 1953 - 4 Dec 1958
Luther H. Evans
(U.S.)
(b. 1902 - d. 1981)
5 Dec 1958 - 2 Nov 1961
Vittorino Veronese
(Italy)
(b. 1910 - d. 1986)
2 Nov 1961 - 14 Nov 1974 René Maheu
(France)
(b. 1905 - d. 1975)
(interim to 14 Nov 1962)
15 Nov 1974 - 14 Nov 1987 Amadou-Mahtar
M'Bow (Senegal) (b. 1921 -
d. 2024)
15 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1999 Federico Mayor
Zaragoza (Spain) (b. 1934)
15 Nov 1999 - 14 Nov 2009 Kōichirō
Matsuura
(Japan)
(b. 1937)
15 Nov 2009 - 14 Nov 2017 Irina Georgieva Bokova
(f) (b. 1952)
(Bulgaria)
15 Nov 2017
-
Audrey Azoulay (f)(France)
(b. 1972)
UNESCO membership (194)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
4 Nov 1946 |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China1, Czechoslovakia2, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Lebanon,
Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, South
Africa3,
Turkey4,
United Kingdom5,
United States6 |
6 Nov 1946 |
Poland7 |
13 Nov 1946 |
Bolivia |
16 Nov 1946 |
Syria8 |
18 Nov 1946 |
Haiti |
21 Nov 1946 |
Peru, The Philippines |
25 Nov 1946 |
Venezuela |
29 Nov 1946 |
Belgium |
1 Jan 1947 |
The Netherlands |
22 Jan 1947 |
Ecuador |
6 Mar 1947 |
Liberia |
29 Aug 1947 |
Cuba |
27 Oct 1947 |
Luxembourg |
31 Oct 1947 |
Colombia |
8 Nov 1947 |
Uruguay |
16 Dec 1947 |
Honduras |
27 Jan 1948 |
Italy |
28 Apr 1948 |
El Salvador |
4 May 1948 |
Afghanistan |
13 Aug 1948 |
Austria |
6 Sep 1948 |
Iran |
14 Sep 1948 |
Hungary9 |
15 Sep 1948 |
Argentina |
21 Oct 1948 |
Iraq |
1 Jan 1949 |
Thailand |
28 Jan 1949 |
Switzerland |
27 Jun 1949 |
Burma10 |
6 Jul 1949 |
Monaco |
14 Sep 1949 |
Pakistan |
16 Sep 1949 |
Israel11 |
14 Nov 1949 |
Ceylon12 |
2 Jan 1950 |
Guatemala |
10 Jan 1950 |
Panama |
23 Jan 1950 |
Sweden |
31 Mar 1950 |
Yugoslavia13 |
19 May 1950 |
Costa Rica |
27 May 1950 |
Indonesia14 |
14 Jun 1950 |
Jordan, South Korea |
2 Jul 1951 |
Japan |
3 Jul 1951 |
Cambodia |
6 Jul 1951 |
Vietnam15 |
9 Jul 1951 |
Laos |
11 Jul 1951 |
West Germany16 |
22 Feb 1952 |
Nicaragua |
30 Jan 1953 |
Spain |
1 May 1953 |
Nepal |
27 Jun 1953 |
Libya |
7 Jul 1953 |
Chile |
21 Apr 1954 |
Soviet Union17 |
12 May 1954 |
Byelorussian S.S.R.18,
Ukrainian S.S.R.19 |
20 Jun 1955 |
Paraguay |
1 Jul 1955 |
Ethiopia |
17 May 1956 |
Bulgaria |
27 Jul 1956 |
Romania |
10 Oct 1956 |
Finland |
7 Nov 1956 |
Morocco |
8 Nov 1956 |
Tunisia |
26 Nov 1956 |
The Sudan |
11 Apr 1958 |
Ghana |
16 Jun 1958 |
Malaya20 |
16 Oct 1958 |
Albania |
2 Feb 1960 |
Guinea |
18 Oct 1960 |
Dahomey21 |
24 Oct 1960 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
27 Oct 1960 |
Ivory Coast22 |
7 Nov 1960 |
Mali |
10 Nov 1960 |
Madagascar23,
Niger, Senegal |
11 Nov 1960 |
Cameroon, Central African Republic |
14 Nov 1960 |
Nigeria, Upper Volta24 |
15 Nov 1960 |
Somalia |
16 Nov 1960 |
Gabon |
17 Nov 1960 |
Togo |
18 Nov 1960 |
Kuwait |
25 Nov 1960 |
Congo (Léopoldville)25 |
19 Dec 1960 |
Chad |
6 Feb 1961 |
Cyprus |
3 Oct 1961 |
Ireland |
10 Oct 1962 |
Mauritania |
6 Mar 1962 |
Tanganyika26 |
28 Mar 1962 |
Sierra Leone |
2 Apr 1962 |
Yemen (Sana)27 |
15 Oct 1962 |
Algeria |
1 Nov 1962 |
Mongolia |
2 Nov 1962 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
7 Nov 1962 |
Jamaica, Rwanda |
9 Nov 1962 |
Ugand |
16 Nov 1962 |
Burundi |
7 Apr 1964 |
Kenya |
8 Jun 1964 |
Iceland |
27 Oct 1964 |
Malawi |
9 Nov 1964 |
Zambia |
10 Feb 1965 |
Malta |
11 Mar 1965 |
Portugal28 |
28 Oct 1965 |
Singapore29 |
21 Mar 1967 |
Guyana |
29 Sep 1967 |
Lesotho |
15 Oct 1968 |
Yemen (Aden)27 |
24 Oct 1968 |
Barbados |
25 Oct 1968 |
Mauritius |
18 Jan 1972 |
Bahrain |
27 Jan 1972 |
Qatar |
10 Feb 1972 |
Oman |
20 Apr 1972 |
United Arab Emirates |
27 Oct 1972 |
Bangladesh |
21 Nov 1972 |
East Germany16 |
1 Aug 1973 |
The Gambia |
18 Oct 1974 |
North Korea |
1 Nov 1974 |
Guinea-Bissau |
12 Nov 1974 |
San Marino |
17 Feb 1975 |
Grenada |
16 Jul 1976 |
Suriname |
4 Oct 1976 |
Papua New Guinea |
11 Oct 1976 |
Mozambique |
18 Oct 1976 |
Seychelles |
11 Mar 1977 |
Angola |
22 Mar 1977 |
Comoros |
25 Jan 1978 |
Swaziland30 |
15 Feb 1978 |
Cape Verde31 |
2 Nov 1978 |
Namibia32 |
9 Jan 1979 |
Dominica |
29 Nov 1979 |
Equatorial Guinea |
16 Jan 1980 |
Botswana |
22 Jan 1980 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
6 Mar 1980 |
Saint Lucia |
18 Jul 1980 |
Maldives |
22 Sep 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
29 Sep 1980 |
Tonga |
3 Apr 1981 |
Western Samoa33 |
23 Apr 1981 |
The Bahamas |
13 Apr 1982 |
Bhutan |
10 May 1982 |
Belize |
15 Jul 1982 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
15 Feb 1983 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
14 Jul 1983 |
Fiji |
26 Oct 1983 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
31 Aug 1989 |
Djibouti |
24 Oct 1989 |
Kiribati |
25 Oct 1989 |
Cook Islands |
7 Oct 1991 |
Lithuania |
14 Oct 1991 |
Estonia, Latvia |
21 Oct 1991 |
Tuvalu |
22 May 1992 |
Kazakhstan |
27 May 1992 |
Moldova, Slovenia |
1 Jun 1992 |
Croatia |
2 Jun 1992 |
Kyrgyzstan |
3 Jun 1992 |
Azerbaijan |
9 Jun 1992 |
Armenia |
7 Oct 1992 |
Georgia |
9 Feb 1993 |
Slovakia |
22 Feb 1993 |
Czech Republic |
6 Apr 1993 |
Tajikistan |
2 Jun 1993 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
28 Jun 1993 |
Macedonia34 |
17 Aug 1993 |
Turkmenistan |
2 Sep 1993 |
Eritrea |
7 Sep 1993 |
Solomon Islands |
20 Oct 1993 |
Andorra |
26 Oct 1993 |
Niue, Uzbekistan |
10 Feb 1994 |
Vanuatu |
30 Jun 1995 |
Marshall Islands |
17 Oct 1996 |
Nauru |
20 Sep 1999 |
Palau |
19 Oct 1999 |
Federated States of
Micronesia |
20 Dec 2000
|
Serbia and Montenegro13
|
5 Jun 2003
|
Timor-Leste
|
17 May 2005
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
1 Mar 2007
|
Montenegro
|
27 Oct 2011
|
South Sudan
|
23 Nov 2011
|
Palestine
|
1the
Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China
until 29 Oct 1971, when UNESCO voted to have
China represented by the People's Republic of
China. 2Czechoslovakia
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 29 Jan 1953, resumed cooperation 9 Sep
1954; dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 3South
Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1956, rejoined 12 Dec
1994. 4from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 5U.K.
withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 1 Jul 1997. 6U.S.
withdrew 31 Dec 1984, rejoined 1 Oct 2003; withdrew
again 31 Dec 2018, rejoined
10 Jul 2023. 7Poland
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 5 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 18 Jun
1954. 81958-1961
Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of
Egypt and Syria. Syria left UNESCO 21 Feb 1958;
on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and
resumed its separate membership on 13 Oct
1961. 9Hungary
announced it no longer considered itself a
member 31 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 1 Jun
1954. 10from
1989 Myanmar. 11Israel
effectively excluded from
participation 20 Nov 1974 - 9 Nov 1976; withdrew
31 Dec 2018. 12from
1972 Sri Lanka. 13Yugoslavia
expelled 22 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000;
from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on
5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 14Indonesia
announced its withdrawal 25 Feb 1965, resumed
collaboration 16 Sep 1966. 15Republic
of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of
South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist
Republic of Vietnam. 16East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 17Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership
succeeded by Russia. 18from 1991
Belarus. 19from
1991 Ukraine. 20from
1963 Malaysia. 21from
1975 Benin. 22from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 23to 30 Dec
1975 Malagasy Republic. 24from 1984
Burkina Faso. 251966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. 26from 1964
Tanzania. 27Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. 28Portugal
excluded from participation 28 Nov 1966 - 31 Dec
1972; withdrew 31 Dec 1972, rejoined 11 Sep
1974. 29Singapore
withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 8 Oct 2007. 30from 2018
Eswatini. 31from
2013 Cabo Verde. 32as United
Nations Council for Namibia to 21 Mar 1990 (not
recognized by South Africa). 33from 1997
Samoa. 34as
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North
Macedonia.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of UNESCO (12)
|
13 Nov 1954
|
British Caribbean
Group1,
Gold Coast2, Malaya-British
Borneo3,
Sierra Leone4
|
7 Nov 1956
|
Nigeria5 |
6 Nov 1958
|
Bahrain6, Kuwait7,
Somaliland Trust
Territory8, West
Indies Federation9 |
5 Nov 1960
|
Tanganyika10 |
15 Nov 1960
|
Mauritius11,
Ruanda-Urundi12 |
12 Nov 1962 |
Qatar13 |
21 Oct 1964
|
British Eastern Caribbean
Group14 |
17 Oct 1974 |
Papua New Guinea15 |
21 Oct 1974 |
Namibia16 |
26 Oct 1983
|
Netherlands Antilles17 |
|