Organizations: New Development Bank (NDB) - Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - Nordic Council (Norden) - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - NATO Parliamentary Assembly - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) - Organization of American States (OAS) - Organization of Central American States (ODECA) - Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - Pacific Community - Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) - Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM) - Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) - Red Cross and Red Crescent - Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) - Southern African Development Community (SADC) - Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) - Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) - Union State - United Nations (UN) - United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) - United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) - Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) - Warsaw Treaty Organization - Western European Union (WEU) - World Bank (IBRD) - World Customs Organization (WCO) - World Food Programme (WFP) - World Health Organization (WHO)  - World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Word Tourism Organization (UN Tourism) - World Trade Organization (WTO) -

New Development Bank (NDB)

 3 Jul 2015                New Development Bank (NDB)(formerly referred to as the "BRICS
                             Development Bank") established.
Feb 2016                   NDB becomes operational.

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
 

NAM website

Coordinating Bureau: United Nations H.Q. (New York City, U.S); NAM CSSTC: Jakarta (Indonesia)

 1 Sep 1961                Non-Aligned Movement founded as the Summit Conference of Heads of
                             State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement.
20 Oct 1995                Center for South-South Technical Cooperation (CSSTC)
                             established in Indonesia.

Chairmen of the Non-Aligned Movement
 1 Sep 1961 - 10 Oct 1964  Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)    (b. 1892 - d. 1980) 
10 Oct 1964 - 10 Sep 1970  Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt)      (b. 1918 - d. 1970) 
10 Sep 1970 -  9 Sep 1973  Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia)         (b. 1924 - d. 2021)
 9 Sep 1973 - 19 Aug 1976  Houari Boumedienne (Algeria)    (b. 1932 - d. 1978) 
19 Aug 1976 - 23 Jul 1977  Sirimavo Bandaranaike (f)       (b. 1916 - d. 2000)
                             (Sri Lanka)
23 Jul 1977 -  6 Feb 1978  Junius Richard Jayawardene      (b. 1906 - d. 1996)
                             (Sri Lanka)
 6 Feb 1978 -  9 Sep 1979  Ranasinghe Premadasa            (b. 1924 - d. 1993)
                             (Sri Lanka) 
 9 Sep 1979 - 12 Mar 1983  Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time)   (b. 1926 - d. 2016) 
12 Mar 1983 - 31 Oct 1984  Indira Gandhi (f) (India)       (b. 1917 - d. 1984)
31 Oct 1984 -  6 Sep 1986  Rajiv Gandhi (India)            (b. 1944 - d. 1991)
 6 Sep 1986 -  7 Sep 1989  Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe)        (b. 1924 - d. 2019) 
 7 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990  Janez Drnovšek (Yugoslavia)     (b. 1950 - d. 2008) 
16 May 1990 - 15 May 1991  Borisav Jović (Yugoslavia)      (b. 1928 - d. 2021) 
16 May 1991 -  1 Jul 1991  Sejdo Bajramović (Yugoslavia)   (b. 1927 - d. 1994)
 1 Jul 1991 -  5 Dec 1991  Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić           (b. 1934)
                             (Yugoslavia) 
 5 Dec 1991 - 15 Jun 1992  Branko Kostić (Yugoslavia)      (b. 1939 - d. 2020) 
15 Jun 1992 -  6 Sep 1992  Dobrica Ćosić (Yugoslavia)      (b. 1921 - d. 2014) 
 6 Sep 1992 - 20 Oct 1995  Suharto (Indonesia)             (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
20 Oct 1995 -  7 Aug 1998  Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950) 
 7 Aug 1998 -  3 Sep 1998  Andrés Pastrana Arango          (b. 1954)
                             (Colombia)
 3 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999  Nelson Mandela (South Africa)   (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
16 Jun 1999 - 25 Feb 2003  Thabo Mbeki (South Africa)      (b. 1942)
25 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003  Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925)
                             (Malaysia)
31 Oct 2003 - 16 Sep 2006  Datuk Abdullah Ahmad Badawi     (b. 1939 - d. 2025)
                             (Malaysia)
16 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008  Fidel Castro (Cuba)(2nd time)   (s.a.)
24 Feb 2008 - 16 Jul 2009  Raúl Castro (Cuba)              (b. 1931)
16 Jul 2009 - 11 Feb 2011  Hosni Mubarak (Egypt)           (b. 1928 - d. 2020)
11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012  Muhammad Hussein Tantawi (Egypt)(b. 1931 - d. 2021)
30 Jun 2012 - 31 Aug 2012  Muhammad Morsi (Egypt)          (b. 1951 - d. 2019) 
31 Aug 2012 -  3 Aug 2013  Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran)      (b. 1956)
 3 Aug 2013 - 18 Sep 2016  Hassan Rouhani (Iran)           (b. 1948)
18 Sep 2016 - 25 Oct 2019  Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela)      (b. 1962)
25 Oct 2019 - 17 Jan 2024  Ilham Aliyev (Azerbaijan)       (b. 1961)
17 Jan 2024 -              Yoweri Museveni (Uganda)        (b. 1944) 

12 Feb 1953                Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated.
 1 Jul 1962                "Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki"
                             (23 Mar 1962 signed) in force.
Jul 1971                   Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general
Jul 1971 - Jun 1973        Emil Kristian Vindsetmo (Norway)   (b. 1916 - d. 1983)
Dec 1973 - Aug 1977        Helge Seip (Norway)                (b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Aug 1977 - Aug 1982        Gudmund Saxrud (Norway)            (b. 1920 - d. 2003)
Sep 1982 - Jan 1987        Ilkka-Christian Björklund          (b. 1947)
                             (Finland)
Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989     Cay Gerhard af Schultén (Finland)  (b. 1938)
 1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994  Jostein Osnes (Norway)             (b. 1942)
                             (interim to 1 Jan 1990)
 1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996  Anders Wenström (Sweden)           (b. 1946)
 1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999  Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir (f)         (b. 1955)
                             (Iceland)
 1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007  Frida Nokken (f) (Norway)          (b. 1948)
 1 Aug 2007 - 31 Dec 2013  Jan-Erik Enestam (Finland)         (b. 1947)
 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Jan 2021  Britt Bohlin Olsson (f)(Sweden)    (b. 1956)
 1 Feb 2021 -              Kristina Háfoss (f)(Faroe Islands) (b. 1975)

Presidents
12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953  Hans Hedtoft (Denmark)             (b. 1903 - d. 1955)
 1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954  Einar Henry Gerhardsen (Norway)    (b. 1897 - d. 1987)
 1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955  Nils Herlitz (Sweden)              (b. 1888 - d. 1978)
 1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956  Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (1st time)  (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957  Lennart Heljas (Finland)           (b. 1896 - d. 1972)
 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958  Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (1st time)  (b. 1899 - d. 1971)
 1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959  Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (1st time)   (b. 1899 - d. 1979)
 1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960  Gísli Jónsson (Iceland)            (b. 1889 - d. 1970)
 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961  Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (2nd time)  (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962  Karl August Fagerholm (Finland)    (b. 1901 - d. 1984)
 1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963  Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (2nd time)  (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964  Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965  Sigurdur Bjarnason (Iceland)       (b. 1915 - d. 2012)
 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966  Harald Nielsen (Denmark)           (b. 1896 - d. 1976)
 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967  Eino Armas Sirén (Finland)         (b. 1909 - d. 1981)
 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968  Svenn Thorkild Stray (Norway)      (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969  Leif Cassel (Sweden)               (b. 1906 - d. 1988)
 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970  Matthías Árnason Mathiesen         (b. 1931 - d. 2011)
                             (1st time) (Iceland)                 
 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971  Jens Otto Krag (Denmark)           (b. 1914 - d. 1978)
 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972  Vieno Johannes Sukselainen         (b. 1906 - d. 1995)
                             (Finland) (1st time)   
 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973  Kåre Isaachsen Willoch (Norway)    (b. 1928 - d. 2021)
 1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974  Johannes Antonsson (Sweden)        (b. 1921 - d. 1995)
 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975  Ragnhildur Helgadóttir (f)         (b. 1930 - d. 2016)
                             (Iceland)               
 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976  Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2024)
 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977  Vieno Johannes Sukselainen         (s.a.)
                             (Finland) (2nd time)   
 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978  Trygve Bratteli (Norway)           (b. 1910 - d. 1984)
 1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979  Olof Palme (Sweden)                (b. 1927 - d. 1986)
 1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980  Matthías Árnason Mathiesen         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (Iceland)
 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981  Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982  Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927 - d. 2023)
                             (Finland)
 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983  Jo Benkow (Norway)                 (b. 1924 - d. 2013)
 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984  Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015)
 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985  Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986  Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922 - d. 2016)
 1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987  Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f)          (s.a.)
                             (Finland) (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988  Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989  Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990  Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991  Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.)
 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992  Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland)     (b. 1939 - d. 2022)
 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993  Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1994 -  1 Oct 1994  Sten Andersson (Sweden)            (b. 1923 - d. 2006)
 1 Oct 1994 - 31 Dec 1994  Per Olof Håkansson (Sweden)        (b. 1941 - d. 2000)
 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995  Geir Hilmar Haarde (Iceland)       (b. 1951)
 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996  Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997  Olof Salmén (Finland)              (b. 1927 - d. 2011)
 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998  Berit Brørby Larsen (f) (Norway)   (b. 1950)
 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999  Gun Hellsvik (f) (Sweden)          (b. 1942 - d. 2016)
 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000  Sigrídur Anna Thórdardóttir (f)    (b. 1946)
                             (Iceland)                   
 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001  Svend Erik Hovmand (Denmark)       (b. 1945)
 1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002  Outi Ojala (f)(Finland)            (b. 1946 - d. 2017)
 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003  Inge Lønning (Norway)              (b. 1938 - d. 2013)
 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004  Lars Gabriel Romanus (Sweden)      (b. 1939)
 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005  Rannveig Gudmundsdóttir (f)        (b. 1940)
                             (Iceland)               
 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006  Ole Stavad (Denmark)               (b. 1949)
 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007  Dagfinn Høybråten (Norway)         (b. 1957)
 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008  Erkki Tuomioja (Finland)           (b. 1946)
                             (1st time)  
 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009  Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden)         (b. 1947)
 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010  Helgi Hjörvar (Iceland)            (b. 1967)
 1 Jan 2011 - 21 Oct 2011  Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark)    (b. 1957)
                             (1st time) 
21 Oct 2011 - 31 Dec 2011  Bertel Haarder (Denmark)(1st time) (b. 1944)
 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012  Kimmo Sasi (Finland)               (b. 1952 - d. 2025)
 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013  Marit Nybakk (f)(Norway)           (b. 1947)
 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Sep 2014  Karin Åström (f) (Sweden)          (b. 1953)
22 Oct 2014 - 31 Dec 2014  Hans Wallmark (Sweden)(1st time)   (b. 1965)
 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015  Höskuldur Thórhallsson (Iceland)   (b. 1973)
 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016  Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark)    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017  Britt Lundberg (f) (Finland)       (b. 1963)
 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018  Michael Tetzschner (Norway)        (b. 1954)
 1 Jan 2019 - 26 Jun 2019  Jessica Polfjärd (f)(Sweden)       (b. 1971)
26 Jun 2019 - 31 Dec 2019  Hans Wallmark (Sweden)(2nd time)   (s.a.)
 1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020  Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir (f)       (b. 1973)
                             (Iceland)
 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021  Bertel Haarder (Denmark)(2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022  Erkki Tuomioja (Finland)           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023  Jorodd Asphjell (Norway)           (b. 1960)
 1 Jan 2024 - 31 Dec 2024  Bryndís Haraldsdóttir (f)          (b. 1976)
                             (Iceland) 
 1 Jan 2025 -              Heléne Björklund (f) (Sweden)      (b. 1972)                 

Nordic Council Membership (5)

Date of  Admission	Member Nations
12 Feb 1953	Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
27 Jan 1956	Finland
Date of  Participation	Member Territories (3)
1 Jan 1970	Aland Islands, Faroe Islands
15 Jul 1983	Greenland

 4 Apr 1949                "The North Atlantic Treaty" is signed in Washington, D.C.
24 Aug 1949                North Atlantic Treaty Organization established.
11 Jan 1994                Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet states 
                             and Eastern European nations created.

Secretaries-general
 4 Apr 1952 - 16 May 1957  Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1965)
16 May 1957 -  4 Mar 1961  Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972)
 4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr 1961  Alberico Casardi (Italy)(acting)   (b. 1903 - d. 1979)
21 Apr 1961 -  1 Aug 1964  Dirk Uipko Stikker                 (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
                             (The Netherlands)
 1 Aug 1964 -  1 Oct 1971  Manlio Brosio (Italy)              (b. 1897 - d. 1980)
 1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun 1984  Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns   (b. 1911 - d. 2002)
                             (The Netherlands)
25 Jun 1984 -  1 Jul 1988  Peter Alexander Rupert Carington,  (b. 1919 - d. 2018)
                             Baron Carrington of Upton (U.K.) 
 1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug 1994  Manfred Wörner (Germany)           (b. 1934 - d. 1994)
13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct 1994  Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934 - d. 2018) 
                             (acting)
17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct 1995  Willem "Willy" Werner Hubert Claes (b. 1938)
                             (Belgium) 
20 Oct 1995 -  5 Dec 1995  Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting)
 5 Dec 1995 -  6 Oct 1999  Javier Solana Madariaga (Spain)    (b. 1942)
14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec 2003  George Islay Macneill Robertson,   (b. 1946)
                             Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.) 
17 Dec 2003 -  5 Jan 2004  Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy)    (b. 1940)
                             (acting)
 5 Jan 2004 -  1 Aug 2009  Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop      (b. 1948)
                             Scheffer (The Netherlands)
 1 Aug 2009 -  1 Oct 2014  Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Denmark)    (b. 1953)
 1 Oct 2014 -  1 Oct 2024  Jens Stoltenberg (Norway)          (b. 1959)
 1 Oct 2024 -              Mark Rutte (The Netherlands)       (b. 1967)

Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR)(all from U.S.)
 2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952  Dwight D. Eisenhower               (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953  Matthew B. Ridgway                 (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956  Alfred M. Gruenther                (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
20 Nov 1956 -  1 Jan 1963  Lauris Norstad                     (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
 1 Jan 1963 -  1 Jul 1969  Lyman L. Lemnitzer                 (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
 1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974  Andrew J. Goodpaster               (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
15 Dec 1974 -  1 Jul 1979  Alexander M. Haig                  (b. 1924 - d. 2010)
 1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987  Bernard Rogers                     (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992  John R. Galvin                     (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993  John M. Shalikashvili              (b. 1936 - d. 2011)
22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997  George A. Joulwan                  (b. 1939)
11 Jul 1997 -  3 May 2000  Wesley K. Clark                    (b. 1944)
 3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003  Joseph W. Ralston                  (b. 1943)
17 Jan 2003 -  7 Dec 2006  James L. Jones                     (b. 1943)
 7 Dec 2006 -  2 Jul 2009  Bantz J. Craddock                  (b. 1949)
 2 Jul 2009 - 13 May 2013  James G. Stavridis                 (b. 1955)
13 May 2013 -  4 May 2016  Philip M. Breedlove                (b. 1955)
 4 May 2016 -  3 May 2019  Curtis M. Scaparrotti              (b. 1956)
 3 May 2019 -  4 Jul 2022  Tod D. Wolters                     (b. 1960)
 4 Jul 2022 -              Christopher G. Cavoli              (b. 1964) 

NATO Membership (32)

Date of  Admission	Member Nations
24 Aug 1949	Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France1, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States
18 Feb 1952	Greece2, Turkey3
5 May 1955	(West) Germany
30 May 1982	Spain4
12 Mar 1999	Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
29 Mar 2004	Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
1 Apr 2009	Albania, Croatia
5 Jun 2017	Montenegro
27 Mar 2020	North Macedonia
4 Apr 2023	Finland
7 Mar 2024	Sweden
¹France withdrew from integrated military structure 1 Jul 1966, rejoined 3 Apr 2009. 2Greece withdrew from integrated military structure 14 Aug 1974, rejoined 20 Oct 1980. 3from 1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 4Spain outside integrated military structure until 1 Jan 1999.

NATO Parliamentary Assembly
(institutionally independent from NATO)

1999 - 2012

Adopted 2012

Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)

28 Feb 1975                European Communities and ACP States sign First Lomé Convention
                             granting financial, technical assistance and trade concessions.
 6 Jun 1975                Georgetown Agreement formally creating the ACP Group signed
                            (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States)(ACP).
23 Jun 2000                Cotonou Agreement signed (effective 1 Apr 2003).
19 Dec 2019                Revised Georgetown Agreement signed (effective 5 Apr 2020).
 5 Apr 2020                Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)
                            (Organisation des États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique).

Secretaries-general 
1976 - 1979                Tieoulé Konaté (Mali)              (b. 1933 - d. 1995)
1979 - 1984                Tom Okelo-Odongo (Kenya)           (b. 1927 - d. 1991)
1984 - 1989                Edwin Wilberforce Carrington       (b. 1938)
                             (Trinidad and Tobago)
1989 - 1994                Ghebray Berhane (Ethiopia)         (b. 1938)
1994 - 1996                Carl Barrington Greenidge (Guyana) (b. 1949)
                             (interim)
16 Jul 1996 - 29 Feb 2000  Ng'andu Peter Magande (Zambia)     (b. 1947)
 1 Mar 2000 - 28 Feb 2005  Jean-Robert Goulongana (Gabon)     (b. 1953)
 1 Mar 2005 - 28 Feb 2010  Sir John Kaputin                   (b. 1941)
                             (Papua New Guinea)
 1 Mar 2010 - 31 Mar 2013  Mohamed Ibn Chambas (Ghana)        (b. 1950)
 1 Apr 2013 - 28 Feb 2015  Alhaji Muhammad Mumuni (Ghana)     (b. 1949)
 1 Mar 2015 - 29 Feb 2020  Patrick Ignatius Gomes (Guyana)    (b. 1941)
 1 Mar 2020 - 28 Feb 2025  Georges Rebelo Pinto Chikoti       (b. 1955)
                             (Angola)
 1 Mar 2025 -              Moussa Natal Saleh Batraki (Chad)  (b. 1982)

1910 - 1948

Adopted Apr 1961

 2 Oct 1889                First Pan-American Conference meets in Washington, D.C.
14 Apr 1890                Commercial Bureau of the American Republics
26 Aug 1890                Secretariat established.
29 Jan 1902                International Bureau of the American Republics
11 Aug 1910                Pan-American Union
30 Apr 1948                Organization of American States (OAS)(Organización de los Estados
                             Americanos/Organização dos Estados Americanos/Organisation
                             des États Américains).

Directors (all from the U.S.)
26 Aug 1890 - 18 May 1893  William Eleroy Curtis              (b. 1850 - d. 1911)
18 May 1893 - 29 Mar 1897  Clinton Furbish                    (b. 1838 - d. 1904)
29 Mar 1897 -  5 Feb 1898  Joseph Patterson Smith             (b. 1856 - d. 1898)
 5 Feb 1898 - 20 May 1899  Frederic Emory                     (b. 1853 - d. 1908)
                             (acting to 28 Feb 1898, then provisional)
20 May 1899 -  6 Mar 1905  William Woodville Rockhill         (b. 1854 - d. 1914)
 6 Mar 1905 -  1 Jan 1907  Williams Carlton Fox               (b. 1855 - d. 1924)
                             (acting to 5 Apr 1905)
Directors-general
 1 Jan 1907 -  1 Sep 1920  John Barrett (U.S.)                (b. 1866 - d. 1938)
 1 Sep 1920 -  5 Dec 1946  Leo Stanton Rowe (U.S.)            (b. 1871 - d. 1946)
 5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947  Pedro de Alba Pérez (Mexico)       (b. 1887 - d. 1960)
                             (acting)
27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948  Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia)  (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Secretaries-general
30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954  Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia)  (s.a.)
31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955  Carlos Gregorio Dávila Espinosa    (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
                             (Chile) 
19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956  William Manger (U.S.) (acting)     (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968  José Antonio Mora Otero (Uruguay)  (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975  Galo Plaza Lasso (Ecuador)         (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984  Alejandro José Luis Orfila         (b. 1925 - d. 2021)
                             (Argentina)     
31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984  Valerie "Val" Theodore McComie     (b. 1920 - d. 2007)
                             (Barbados) (acting)
20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994  João Clemente Baena Soares (Brazil)(b. 1931 - d. 2023)
20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994  Christopher Ray Thomas (acting)    (b. 1937)
                             (Trinidad and Tobago)
15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004  César Gaviria Trujillo (Colombia)  (b. 1947)
15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004  Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría  (b. 1940)
                             (Costa Rica) 
15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005  Luigi Roberto Einaudi (U.S.)       (b. 1936)
                             (acting)
26 May 2005 - 26 May 2015  José Miguel Insulza Salinas        (b. 1943)
                             (Chile)
26 May 2015 -              Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes        (b. 1963)
                             (Uruguay)

OAS membership (34)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
30 Apr 1948	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba1, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras2, Mexico, Nicaragua3, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela4
17 Mar 1967	Trinidad and Tobago
15 Nov 1967	Barbados
20 Aug 1969	Jamaica
13 May 1975	Grenada
8 Jun 1977	Suriname
22 May 1979	Dominica, Saint Lucia
3 Dec 1981	Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3 Mar 1982	The Bahamas
12 Mar 1984	Saint Kitts and Nevis
8 Jan 1990	Canada
8 Jan 1991	Belize, Guyana
1Cuba suspended 14 Feb 1962 - 3 Jun 2009 has refused to resume membership. 2Honduras suspended 4 Jul 2009 - 1 Jun 2011. 3Nicaragua initiated withdrawal 19 Nov 2021, officially taking effect 19 Nov 2023 (it declared immediate withdrawal 24 Apr 2022). 4Venezuela initiated withdrawal 27 Apr 2017 (to be effective 27 Apr 2019); OAS recognizes Guaidó government from 9 Apr 2019 which annuls the denunciation.

OECS website

Headquarters: Castries (Saint Lucia)

OECS Day: 18 Jun (1981) Organization of Eastern  Caribbean States Day

27 Feb 1967                West Indies Associated States Supreme Court established.
18 Jun 1981                Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded.
10 Aug 2012                OECS assembly inaugurated.

Directors-general
Jul 1982 -  1 Dec 1995     Vaughan A. Lewis (Saint Lucia)     (b. 1940)
Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001     Swinburne A.S. Lestrade (Dominica) (b. 1947)
31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003  George Goodwin, Jr. (acting)       (b. 194. - d. 2009)
                             (Antigua and Barbuda)
12 May 2003 - 31 Dec 2013  Len Ishmael (f) (Saint Lucia)
 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Apr 2014  Bentley A. Browne (acting)
                             (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
 1 May 2014 -              Didacus Jules (Saint Lucia)        (b. 1956)

Speaker of the OECS Assembly
10 Aug 2012 -              René Mercedes Baptiste (f)         (b. 1951)
                             (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Chief Justices of the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court
1967 - 1972                Allen Montgomery Lewis             (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
                             (from 9 Jul 1968, Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis)
                             (Saint Lucia)
1972 - 1975                Percival Cecil Lewis (acting)      (b. 1912 - d. ....)
                             (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1975 - 1980                Sir Maurice Herbert Davis          (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
                             (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Chief Justices of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
1981 - Oct 1983            Neville Peterkin (Grenada)         (b. 1915 - d. ....)
                             (from 11 Dec 1981, Sir Neville Peterkin)
28 Oct 1983 - 1984         Neville Algernon Berridge (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2000)
                             (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
1984 - 1991                Lascelles Lister Robotham (Jamaica)(b. 1923 - d. 1996)
                             (from 28 Apr 1987, Sir Lascelles Lister Robotham)
Nov 1991 - Jul 1996        Sir Vincent Frederick Floissac     (b. 1928 - d. 2010)
                             (Saint Lucia)
1996 - Apr 2004            Charles Michael Dennis Byron       (b. 1943)
                             (from 21 Jun 2000, Sir Charles Michael Dennis Byron)
                             (acting to 1999)(Saint Kitts and Nevis)  
Jun 2004 - Feb 2005        Adrian Dudley Saunders (acting)    (b. 1954)
                             (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
 1 Mar 2005 - 28 Apr 2008  Brian George Keith Alleyne         (b. 1943)
                             (from 16 Jul 2007, Sir Brian George Keith Alleyne)
                             (Dominica) (acting)
29 Apr 2008 - 31 Jul 2012  Hugh Anthony Rawlins               (b. 1950)
                             from 27 Mar 2012, Sir Hugh Anthony Rawlins)
                             (acting to 30 May 2008)
                             (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
 1 Aug 2012 -  5 May 2024  Janice Mesadis Pereira (f)
                             (from 7 May 2013, Dame Janice Mesadis Pereira)
                             (acting to 24 Oct 2012)
                             (British Virgin Islands)
 5 May 2024 -              Mario F. Michel (acting)           (b. 1960)
                             (Saint Lucia) 

OECS membership (7)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
4 Jul 1981	Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Date of Admission	Associate Members of OECS (5)
22 Nov 1984	British Virgin Islands
24 May 1998	Anguilla
9 Apr 2016	Martinique
14 Mar 2019	Guadeloupe
21 Mar 2025	Saint-Martin

OECD Flag to 15 Dec 2010

Adopted 15 Dec 2010

16 Apr 1948                Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
30 Sep 1961                Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Secretaries-general
16 Apr 1948 -  1 Apr 1955  Robert Marjolin (France)           (b. 1911 - d. 1986)
 1 Apr 1955 -  1 Sep 1960  René Sergent (France)              (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
 1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969  Thorkil Christensen (Denmark)      (b. 1899 - d. 1989)
30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984  Emile van Lennep (The Netherlands) (b. 1915 - d. 1996)
30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994  Jean-Claude Paye (France)          (b. 1934)
                             (1st time)            
30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994  Staffan Sohlman (Sweden) (interim) (b. 1937 - d. 2017)
30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996  Jean-Claude Paye (France)          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)             
 1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006  Donald James Johnston (Canada)     (b. 1936 - d. 2022)
 1 Jun 2006 - 31 May 2021  José Ángel Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950)
 1 Jun 2021 -              Mathias Hubert Paul Cormann        (b. 1970)
                             (Australia)

OECD membership (38)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
16 Apr 1948	Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany1, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste2, Turkey3, United Kingdom
20 Jul 1959	Spain
14 Dec 1960	European Economic Community4
30 Sep 1961	Canada, United States
28 Apr 1964	Japan
28 Jan 1969	Finland
7 Jun 1971	Australia
29 May 1973	New Zealand
18 May 1994	Mexico
21 Dec 1995	Czech Republic
7 May 1996	Hungary
22 Nov 1996	Poland
12 Dec 1996	South Korea
14 Dec 2000	Slovakia
7 May 2010	Chile
21 Jul 2010	Slovenia
7 Sep 2010	Israel
9 Dec 2010	Estonia
1 Jul 2016	Latvia
5 Jul 2018	Lithuania
28 Apr 2020	Colombia
25 May 2021	Cost Rica
1Anglo-U.S. "bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of Germany. 2Trieste Anglo-U.S. zone only; from 26 Oct 1954 part of Italy. 3from 1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 4special member; 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Nov 1993 European Communities, from 1 Nov 1993 European Union.

1981 - 28 Jun 2011

1981 - 28 Jun 2011 Variant

Adopted 28 Jun 2011

22 Sep 1969                First Islamic Conference opened.
 4 Mar 1972                Organization of the Islamic Conference charter
                             signed (effective 28 Feb 1973).
28 Jun 2011                Renamed Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Secretaries-general
Dec 1970 - 31 Dec 1973     Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj     (b. 1903 - d. 1990)
                             (Malaysia)
 1 Jan 1974 - Dec 1975     Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt)          (b. 1924 - d. 2009)
Dec 1975 - Jan 1980        Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal)        (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984     Habib Chatty (Tunisia)             (b. 1916 - d. 1991)
 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988  Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada           (b. 1923 - d. 2017)
                             (Pakistan)
 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996  Hamid Algabid (Niger)              (b. 1941)
 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000  Azzedine Laraki (Morocco)          (b. 1929 - d. 2010)
 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004  Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco)     (b. 1939 - d. 2021)
 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2013  Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkey)      (b. 1943)
 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Oct 2016  Iyad bin Amin Madani (Saudi Arabia)(b. 1946)
 1 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2016  Abdullah Alim (Saudi Arabia)
                             (acting)
17 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2021  Yousef bin Ahmad Abdul Rahman 
                             Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia)
17 Nov 2021 -              Hissein Brahim Taha (Chad)         (b. 1951)

OIC membership (57)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
22 Sep 1969	Afghanistan1, Algeria, Chad, Egypt2, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey3, Yemen (Aden)4, Yemen (Sana)4
29 Feb 1972	Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Sierra Leone, Syria5, United Arab Emirates
1974	Bangladesh, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Uganda
1975	Upper Volta6, Cameroon
1976	Comoros, Iraq, Maldives
Apr 1978	Djibouti
1982	Benin
15 Jan 1984	Brunei Darussalam
Jan 1986	Nigeria
8 Dec 1991	Azerbaijan
Jun 1992	Turkmenistan
Dec 1992	Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Zanzibar7
10 Dec 1994	Mozambique
12 Dec 1995	Kazakhstan
2 Oct 1996	Uzbekistan
Dec 1996	Suriname
2 Oct 1997	Togo
1 Oct 1998	Guyana
27 Jun 2001	Côte d'Ivoire
1Afghanistan suspended 28 Jan 1980 - 13 Mar 1989 (seat then given to rebels). 2Egypt suspended 9 May 1979 - 30 Jan 1984. 3from 1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 4Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990. 5Syria suspended from 16 Aug 2012. 6from 1984 Burkina Faso. 7Zanzibar withdrew Aug 1993.

OPEC website

Headquarters: Vienna (Austria) (Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)

14 Sep 1960                Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) founded.

Secretaries-general¹
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964  Fuad Rouhani (Iran)                (b. 1907 - d. 2004)
 1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965  Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq)      (b. 1913 - d. 1973)
 1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966  Ashraf T. Lutfi (Kuwait)           (b. 1919 - d. 1974)
 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967  Muhammad Saleh Joukhdar            (b. 1932)
                             (Saudi Arabia) 
 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968  Francisco R. Parra (Venezuela)     (b. 1929 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969  Elrich Sanger (Indonesia)          (b. 1927 - d. 1996)
 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970  Omar el-Badri (Libya)              (b. 1937)
 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972  Nadim Pachachi                     (b. 1914 - d. 1976)
                             (United Arab Emirates)
 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974  Abderrahman Khène (Algeria)        (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976  Meshach Ototiki Feyide (Nigeria)   (b. 1926 - d. 1997)
 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978  Ali M. Jaidah (Qatar)              (b. 1941)
 1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981  René Genaro Ortiz Durán (Ecuador)  (b. 1941)
 1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983  Marc Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon)   (b. 1934 - d. 2012)
 1 Jul 1983 - 19 Jul 1983  Fadhil Jafar al-Chalabi (Iraq)     (b. 1929 - d. 2019)
                             (acting)
19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983  Mana Saeed Al Otaiba (acting)      (b. 1946)
                             (United Arab Emirates)
 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984  Kamal Hassan Maghur (Libya)        (b. 1935 - d. 2002)
                             (acting)
31 Oct 1984 -  9 Dec 1985  Subroto (Indonesia)(1st time)      (b. 1928 - d. 2022)
                             (acting)
 1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986  Arturo Hernández Grisanti          (b. 1927 - d. 2008)
                             (Venezuela)(acting)
 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988  Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938 - d. 2014)
                             (acting)
 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994  Subroto (Indonesia)(2nd time)      (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994  Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya)     (b. 1940)
                             (1st time)
 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000  Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.)
 1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002  Alí Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela)   (b. 1937 - d. 2018)
 1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003  Álvaro José Silva Calderón         (b. 1929)
                             (Venezuela)
 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004  Purnomo Yusgiantoro (Indonesia)    (b. 1951)
                             (acting)
 1 Jan 2004 - 28 Feb 2004  Iin Arifin Takhyan (Indonesia)     (b. 1952)
                             (acting for Yusgiantoro)
28 Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004  Maizar Rahman (Indonesia)          (b. 1948)
                             (acting for Yusgiantoro)
 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005  Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad        (b. 1963)
                             Al Sabah (Kuwait) (acting) 
 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005  Adnan Shihab-Eldin (Kuwait)        (b. 1943)
                             (acting for Al Sabah)
 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006  Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (Nigeria) (b. 1943)
                             (acting) 
 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006  Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (b. 1959 - d. 2022)
                             (acting for Daukoru)
 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Jul 2016  Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya)     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)  
 1 Aug 2016 -  5 Jul 2022  Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (s.a.)
 5 Jul 2022 - 31 Jul 2022  Ayed S. Al-Qahtani (Saudi Arabia)
                             (acting)
 1 Aug 2022 -              Haitham al-Ghais (Kuwait)          (b. 1969)

OPEC membership (12)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
14 Sep 1960	Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
15 Jan 1961	Qatar2
4 Jun 1962	Indonesia3, Libya
27 Nov 1967	Abu Dhabi4
8 Jul 1969	Algeria
12 Jul 1971	Nigeria
19 Nov 1973	Ecuador5
9 Jun 1975	Gabon6
1 Jan 2007	Angola7
25 May 2017	Equatorial Guinea
22 Jun 2018	Congo (Brazzaville)
¹21 Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of Governors were also, ex-officio, the Secretaries-general of the organization. The functions of Chairman of the Board of Governors and Secretary-general were separated Apr 1965. 2Qatar membership terminated 1 Jan 2019. 3Indonesia membership suspended at its own request 1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2016 and from 30 Nov 2016. 4Abu Dhabi membership transferred to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974. 5Ecuador membership suspended at its own request 31 Dec 1992, rejoined 23 Oct 2007; withdrew membership 1 Jan 2020. 6Gabon membership terminated at its own request 31 Dec 1994, rejoined 1 Jul 2016. 7Angola withdrew membership 1 Jan 2024.

19 Jan 1993                "Chemical Weapons Convention" (CWC) signed. 
29 Apr 1997                Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
                             Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.

Directors-General
13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002  José Maurício de Figueiredo Bustani(b. 1945)
                             (Brazil)
22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002  John Gee (Australia)(acting)       (b. 1944 - d. 2007)
25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2010  Rogelio Francisco Pfirter          (b. 1948)
                             Fernández (Argentina)       
25 Jul 2010 - 25 Jul 2018  Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey)              (b. 1951)
25 Jul 2018 -              Fernando Arias González (Spain)    (b. 1952)

OPCW membership (193)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
29 Apr 1997	Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, The Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland1, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe
11 Jun 1997	Turkey2
20 Jun 1997	Singapore
28 Jun 1997	Kuwait
9 Jul 1997	Guinea
11 Jul 1997	Slovenia
20 Jul 1997	Macedonia3
24 Jul 1997	Trinidad and Tobago
7 Aug 1997	Burkina Faso
8 Aug 1997	Ghana
27 Aug 1997	Brunei Darussalam
3 Oct 1997	Qatar
12 Oct 1997	Guyana
21 Nov 1997	Pakistan
28 Nov 1997	Jordan
3 Dec 1997	Iran
5 Dec 1997	Russia
18 Dec 1997	Nepal
2 Jan 1998	Venezuela
11 Mar 1998	Mauritania
15 May 1998	Lithuania
13 Jun 1998	Benin
18 Jun 1998	The Gambia
11 Jul 1998	Malawi
25 Jul 1998	Tanzania
19 Aug 1998	Senegal
13 Sep 1998	Bolivia
27 Sep 1998	Cyprus
30 Sep 1998	Botswana
4 Oct 1998	Burundi
30 Oct 1998	Vietnam
6 Nov 1998	Panama
15 Nov 1998	Ukraine
12 Dec 1998	Indonesia
11 Jun 1999	Holy See
19 Jun 1999	Nigeria
23 Jun 1999	The Sudan
25 Jun 1999	Estonia
21 Jul 1999	Micronesia
5 Dec 1999	Nicaragua
24 Dec 1999	Liechtenstein
9 Jan 2000	San Marino
15 Mar 2000	Eritrea
30 Mar 2000	Azerbaijan
22 Apr 2000	Kazakhstan
5 May 2000	Colombia
20 May 2000	Malaysia, Yugoslavia4
14 Sep 2000	Mozambique
7 Oct 2000	Kiribati
8 Oct 2000	Gabon, Jamaica
1 Nov 2000	Yemen
28 Dec 2000	United Arab Emirates
11 Mar 2001	Zambia
14 Mar 2001	Dominica
12 Dec 2001	Nauru
20 Dec 2001	Uganda
18 Oct 2002	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 Oct 2002	Samoa
9 Jan 2003	Thailand
5 Mar 2003	Palau
14 Mar 2003	Guatemala
29 Mar 2003	Andorra
6 Jun 2003	Timor-Leste
28 Jun 2003	Tonga
9 Oct 2003	São Tomé and Príncipe
24 Oct 2003	Afghanistan
29 Oct 2003	Kyrgyzstan
9 Nov 2003	Cape Verde5
31 Dec 2003	Belize
5 Feb 2005	Libya
18 Feb 2004	Tuvalu
14 Mar 2004	Chad
30 Apr 2004	Rwanda
18 Jun 2004	Marshall Islands
20 Jun 2004	Saint Kitts and Nevis
23 Oct 2004	Solomon Islands
30 Oct 2004	Sierra Leone
19 Nov 2004	Madagascar
21 May 2005	Niue
3 Jul 2005	Grenada
18 Aug 2005	Cambodia
17 Sep 2005	Bhutan
28 Sep 2005	Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras
16 Oct 2005	Vanuatu
11 Nov 2005	Congo (Kinshasa)
24 Feb 2006	Djibouti
24 Mar 2006	Haiti
25 Mar 2006	Liberia
17 Sep 2006	Comoros
20 Oct 2006	Central African Republic
23 Oct 2006	Montenegro
6 Apr 2007	Barbados
3 Jan 2008	Congo (Brazzaville)
19 Jun 2008	Guinea-Bissau
20 Dec 2008	Lebanon
12 Feb 2009	Iraq
26 Apr 2009	Dominican Republic
21 May 2009	The Bahamas
28 Jun 2013	Somalia
14 Sep 2013	Syria6
7 Aug 2015	Myanmar
16 Oct 2015	Angola
16 Jun 2018	Palestine
1from 2018 Eswatini. 2from 1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 3as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 4from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 5from 2013 Cabo Verde. 6Syria membership suspended from 21 Apr 2021.

25 Jun 1973                Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
 1 Aug 1975                "Helsinki Final Act" signed.
21 Nov 1990                "Charter of Paris for a New Europe" signed.
 1 Jan 1995                Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Secretaries-general
15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996  Wilhelm Höynck (Germany)           (b. 1933)
15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999  Giancarlo Aragona (Italy)          (b. 1942)
15 Jun 1999 - 21 Jun 2005  Ján Kubiš (Slovakia)               (b. 1952)
21 Jun 2005 -  1 Jul 2011  Marc Perrin de Brichambaut         (b. 1948)
                             (France) 
 1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2017  Lamberto Zannier (Italy)           (b. 1954)
30 Jun 2017 - 18 Jul 2017  Vacant
18 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020  Thomas Greminger (Switzerland)     (b. 1961)
19 Jul 2020 -  4 Dec 2020  Tuula Yrjölä (f)(Finland)(acting)  (b. 1962)
 4 Dec 2020 -  6 Dec 2024  Helga Maria Schmid (f)(Germany)    (b. 1960)
 6 Dec 2024 -              Feridun Hadi Sinirlioğlu (Türkiye) (b. 1956)

 
Chairmen-in-office
19 Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991  Hans-Dietrich Genscher (Germany)   (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
 1 Jan 1992 -  2 Jul 1992  Jiří Dienstbier (Czechoslovakia)   (b. 1937 - d. 2011)
 2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992  Jozef Moravčík (Czechoslovakia)    (b. 1945)
 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993  Märta Margaretha af Ugglas (f)     (b. 1939)
                             (Sweden)
 1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994  Beniamino "Nino" Andreatta (Italy) (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994  Antonio Martino (Italy)            (b. 1942 - d. 2022)
 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995  László Kovács (Hungary)            (b. 1939)
 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996  Flavio Cotti (Switzerland)         (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997  Niels Helveg Petersen (Denmark)    (b. 1939 - d. 2017)
 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998  Bronisław Geremek (Poland)         (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999  Knut Vollebaek (Norway)            (b. 1946)
 1 Jan 2000 -  4 Feb 2000  Wolfgang Schüssel (Austria)        (b. 1945)
 4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec 2000  Benita Ferrero-Waldner (f)         (b. 1948)
                             (Austria) 
 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001  Mircea Geoană (Romania)            (b. 1958)
 1 Jan 2002 -  6 Apr 2002  Jaime José de Matos da Gama        (b. 1947)
                             (Portugal)
 6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002  António Manuel de Mendonça Martins (b. 1946)
                             da Cruz (Portugal)
 1 Jan 2003 -  3 Dec 2003  Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop      (b. 1948)
                             Scheffer (The Netherlands)
 3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec 2003  Bernard Rudolf "Ben" Bot           (b. 1937)
                             (The Netherlands)  
 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004  Solomon Passy (Bulgaria)           (b. 1956)
 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005  Dimitrij Rupel (Slovenia)          (b. 1946)
 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006  Karel De Gucht (Belgium)           (b. 1954)
 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007  Miguel Ángel Moratinos Cuyaubé     (b. 1951)
                             (Spain)
 1 Jan 2008 -  4 Apr 2008  Ilkka Kanerva (Finland)            (b. 1948 - d. 2022) 
 5 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008  Alexander Stubb (Finland)          (b. 1968)
 1 Jan 2009 -  5 Oct 2009  Theodóra "Ntóra" Bakogiánnis (f)   (b. 1954)
                             (Greece)
 6 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009  Geórgios Papandréou (Greece)       (b. 1952)
 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010  Qanat Bekmyrzauly Saüdabaev        (b. 1946)
                           (Kanat Bekmurzayevich Saudabayev)
                             (Kazakhstan)
 1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011  Audronius Ažubalis (Lithuania)     (b. 1958)
 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012  Eamon Gilmore (Ireland)            (b. 1955)
 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013  Leonid Kozhara (Ukraine)           (b. 1963)
 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014  Didier Burkhalter (Switzerland)    (b. 1960)
 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015  Ivica Dačić (Serbia)               (b. 1966)
 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016  Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Germany)  (b. 1956)
 1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017  Sebastian Kurz (Austria)           (b. 1986)
18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017  Karin Kneissl (f) (Austria)        (b. 1965)
 1 Jan 2018 -  1 Jun 2018  Angelino Alfano (Italy)            (b. 1970)
 1 Jun 2018 - 31 Dec 2018  Enzo Moavero Milanesi (Italy)      (b. 1954)
 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019  Miroslav Lajčák (Slovakia)         (b. 1963)
 1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020  Edi Kristaq Rama (Albania)         (b. 1964)
 1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021  Ann Christin Linde (f) (Sweden)    (b. 1961)
 1 Jan 2022 - 31 Dec 2022  Zbigniew Rau (Poland)              (b. 1953)
 1 Jan 2023 - 31 Dec 2023  Bujar M. Osmani (North Macedonia)  (b. 1979)
 1 Jan 2024 - 31 Dec 2024  Ian Borg (Malta)                   (b. 1986) 
 1 Jan 2025 -              Elina Maria Valtonen (f)(Finland)  (b. 1981) 

High Commissioners on National Minorities 
 1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun 2001  Max van der Stoel (The Netherlands)(b. 1924 - d. 2011)
 1 Jul 2001 -  3 Jul 2007  Carl Rolf Ekéus (Sweden)           (b. 1935)
 4 Jul 2007 - 19 Aug 2013  Knut Vollebaek (Norway)            (s.a.)
20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016  Astrid Thors (f) (Finland)         (b. 1957)
19 Aug 2016 - 19 Jul 2017  Henrik Villadsen (Denmark)(acting) (b. 1963)
19 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020  Lamberto Zannier (Italy)           (s.a.)
19 Jul 2020 -  4 Dec 2020  Christophe Kamp (The Netherlands)  (b. 1969)
                             (acting)
 4 Dec 2020 -  6 Dec 2024  Kairat Kudaybergenovich            (b. 1964)
                             Abdrakhmanov
                           (Qayrat Qudaybergenulı Äbdirakhmanov)
                             (Kazakhstan)
 6 Dec 2024 -              Christophe Kamp (The Netherlands)  (b. 1969)   

Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
1992 - 1994                Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland)     (b. 1939 - d. 2022)
1994 - 1996                Frank Swaelen (Belgium)            (b. 1930 - d. 2007)
1996 - 1998                Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio     (b. 1941)
                             (Spain)
1998 - 2000                Helle Degn (f)(Denmark)            (b. 1946)
2000 - 2002                Adrian Severin (Romania)           (b. 1954)
2002 - 2004                Bruce Thomas George (U.K.)         (b. 1942 - d. 2020)
2004 - 2006                Alcee Lamar Hastings (U.S.)        (b. 1936 - d. 2021)
Jul 2006 - Jul 2008        Rolf Göran Lennmarker (Sweden)     (b. 1943)
Jul 2008 - 10 Jul 2010     João Barroso Soares (Portugal)     (b. 1949)
10 Jul 2010 -  9 Jul 2012  Pétros Efthymíou (Greece)          (b. 1950)
 9 Jul 2012 -  3 Jul 2013  Riccardo Migliori (Italy)          (b. 1952)
 3 Jul 2013 -  2 Jul 2014  Ranko Krivokapić (Montenegro)      (b. 1961)
 2 Jul 2014 -  5 Jul 2016  Ilkka Kanerva (Finland)            (s.a.)
 5 Jul 2016 -  9 Nov 2017  Christine Muttonen (f)(Austria)    (b. 1954)
 9 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2020  Giorgi Tsereteli (Georgia)         (b. 1964)
                             (acting to 8 Jul 2018)
11 Dec 2020 -  6 Jul 2021  Peter Spencer Bowness, Baron       (b. 1943)
                             Bowness (U.K.) (acting)
 6 Jul 2021 -  4 Jul 2023  Margareta Cederfelt (f)(Sweden)    (b. 1959)
 4 Jul 2023 -              Pia Liisa Kauma (f)(Finland)       (b. 1966)

Presidents of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration
29 May 1995 - 19 Sep 2013  Robert Badinter (France)           (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
19 Sep 2013 - 14 Oct 2019  Christian Tomuschat (Germany)      (b. 1936)
14 Oct 2019 -              Emmanuel Decaux (France)           (b. 1947)

OSEC membership (57)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
25 Jun 1973	Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia1, Denmark, Finland, France, East Germany2, West Germay2, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Soviet Union3, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey4, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia5
19 Jun 1991	Albania
10 Sep 1991	Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
30 Jan 1992	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
24 Mar 1992	Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia
30 Apr 1992	Bosnia and Hercegovina
1 Jan 1993	Czech Republic, Slovakia
12 Oct 1995	Macedonia6
25 Apr 1996	Andorra
10 Nov 2000	Serbia and Montenegro5
22 Jun 2006	Montenegro
21 Nov 2012	Mongolia
1Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; membership succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia. on 1 Jan 1993. 2East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 3Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; membership succeeded by Russia. 4from 1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 5Yugoslavia suspended 8 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. 6as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

 6 Feb 1947                South Pacific Commission (SPC)
 6 Feb 1997                Pacific Community

Secretaries-general
 1 Nov 1948 -  3 Jun 1951  William Forsyth (Australia)        (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
                             (1st time) 
12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954  Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (U.K.)   (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
 1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958  Ralph Clairon Bedell (U.S.)        (b. 1904 - d. 1991)
 1 Mar 1958 -  2 Mar 1963  Thomas R. Smith (New Zealand)      (b. 1904 - d. 1979)
24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966  William Forsyth (Australia)        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
 1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969  Sir Gawain Westray Bell (U.K.)     (b. 1909 - d. 1995)
 1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971  Afioga Afoafouvale Misimoa         (b. 1900 - d. 1971)
                             (Western Samoa)
18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971  John Edward de Young (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1917)
 1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975  Gustav F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
 9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979  E. Macu Salato (Fiji)              (b. 1915 - d. 1990)
 1 Jul 1979 -  3 Jun 1982  Young Vivian (Niue)                (b. 1935)
 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986  Francis Bugotu (Solomon Islands)   (b. 1937 - d. 1992)
 9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988  Palauni M. Tuiasosopo              (b. 1937 - d. 2020)
                             (American Samoa)
 1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989  Jon Jonassen (Cook Islands)        (b. 1949 - d. 2023)
                             (acting)
16 Jun 1989 -  5 Jan 1993  Atanraoi Baiteke (Kiribati)        (b. 1942)
 6 Jan 1993 -  7 Jan 1996  Ati George Sokomanu (Vanuatu)      (b. 1937)
 8 Jan 1996 -  6 Feb 1997  Robert B. Dun (Australia)          (b. 1930)
Directors-general
 6 Feb 1997 -  5 Jan 2000  Robert B. Dun (Australia)          (s.a.)
 6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006  Lourdes Pangelinan (f) (Guam)      (b. 1954)
23 Jan 2006 - 23 Jan 2014  Jimmie Rodgers (Solomon Islands)
23 Jan 2014 - 23 Jan 2020  Colin Tukuitonga (Niue)            (b. 1956)
23 Jan 2020 -              Stuart Minchin (Australia)         (b. 1970?)

Pacific Community membership (27)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
6 Feb 1947	Australia, France, The Netherlands1, New Zealand, United Kingdom2, United States
17 Jul 1965	Western Samoa3
24 Jul 1969	Nauru
5 May 1971	Fiji
16 Sep 1975	Papua New Guinea
17 Nov 1978	Tuvalu
21 Nov 1978	Solomon Islands
13 Oct 1980	Niue
14 Oct 1980	Cook Islands
3 Oct 1983	American Samoa, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
1The Netherlands withdrew 31 Dec 1962. 2U.K. withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined 1 Jan 1998; withdrew again 1 Jan 2005, rejoined 2 Dec 2021. 3from 1997 Samoa.

 5 Aug 1971                South Pacific Forum (SPF)
 1 Jan 1972                South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC).
14 Jul 1980                South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
                             Agreement (SPARTECA) signed (in force 1 Jan 1981).
1988                       South Pacific Forum Secretariat established.
27 Oct 2000                Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation
Nov 1972 - Feb 1980        Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time)  (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
Feb 1980 - 12 Mar 1982     Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea)    (b. 1941 - d. 1982)
Mar 1982 - Jan 1983        Jon Sheppard (Australia)(acting)   (b. 1945)
Jan 1983 - Feb 1986        Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time)  (s.a.) 
Feb 1986 - Sep 1988        Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)       (b. 1928 - d. 2004)
Secretaries-general
Sep 1988 -  1 Jan 1992     Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)       (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1992 - Jan 1998     Ieremia Tienang Tabai (Kiribati)   (b. 1949)
Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004     W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea)    (b. 1942) 
16 May 2004 -  2 May 2008  Greg Urwin (Australia)             (b. 1946 - d. 2008)
 2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008  Feleti Penitala Teo (Tuvalu)       (b. 1962)
                             (acting)
13 Oct 2008 -  4 Dec 2014  Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa)       (b. 1941)
 4 Dec 2014 - 24 May 2021  Dame Meg Taylor (f)                (b. 1951)
                             (Papua New Guinea)
24 May 2021 -  3 Jun 2024  Henry Tuakeu Puna (Cook Islands)   (b. 1949)
 3 Jun 2024 -              Baron Waqa (Nauru)                 (b. 1959)

Pacific Islands Forum membership (18)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
5 Aug 1971	Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji¹, Nauru2, New Zealand, Tonga, Western Samoa3
20 Mar 1974	Papua New Guinea
1 Jul 1975	Niue
29 Aug 1979	Kiribati4
16 Sep 1980	Solomon Islands, Tuvalu
14 Jul 1980	Vanuatu
29 May 1987	Marshall Islands5, Federated States of Micronesia6
3 Sep 1995	Palau7
10 Sep 2016	French Polynesia8, New Caledonia8
¹Fiji suspended 2 May 2009 - 22 Oct 2014. 2Nauru announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 7 Apr 2021, to be effective 7 Apr 2022), cancelled withdrawal 11 Feb 2022. 3from 1997 Samoa. 4Kiribati announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 23 Jul 2021), effective 9 Jul 2022; rejoined 24 Feb 2023. 5Marshall Islands announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 9 Mar 2021), effective 9 Mar 2022, cancelled withdrawal 29 Sep 2022; rejoins 29 Sep 2022. 6Federated States of Micronesia announced withdrawal 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 17 Feb 2021, to be effective 14 Feb 2022), cancelled withdrawal 11 Feb 2022. 7Palau announced withdrawal on 8 Feb 2021 (denunciation submitted 16 Mar 2021, to be effective 16 Mar 2022), cancelled withdrawal 11 Feb 2022. 8French Polynesia and New Caledonia were associate members 26 Oct 2006 - 10 Sep 2016.
Date of Admission	Associate Members of PIF (4)
6 Aug 2014	Tokelau
6 Sep 2018	Wallis and Futuna
30 Aug 2024	American Samoa, Guam

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919

IFRCS Flag Adopted 1991

 5 May 1919                League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded.
27 Jul 1929                Red Crescent adopted as an additional emblem.
11 Oct 1983                League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS).
27 Nov 1991                International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
                             Societies (IFRCS).

Chairmen
1919 - 1922                Henry P. Davison (U.S.)            (b. 1867 - d. 1922)
1922 - 1935                John Barton Payne (U.S.)           (b. 1855 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1938                Cary T. Grayson (U.S.)             (b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1938 - 1944                Norman Davis (U.S.)                (b. 1878 - d. 1944)
1944 - 1945                Jean de Muralt (Switzerland)       (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
                             (Johannes von Muralt)(acting)
1945 - 1950                Basil O'Connor (U.S.)              (b. 1892 - d. 1972)
1950 - 1959                Emil Sandström (Sweden)            (b. 1886 - d. 1962)
1959 - 1965                John MacAulay (Canada)             (b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1965 - 1977                José Barroso Chávez (Mexico)       (b. 1925 - d. 2008)
Presidents
1977 - 1981                Adetunji Adefarasin (Nigeria)      (b. 1921 - d. 1989)
1981 - 1987                Enrique de la Mata (Spain)         (b. 1933 - d. 1987)
1987 - 1997                Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander    (b. 1947)
                             (Venezuela)  
Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001     Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg (f)(Norway)(b. 1936 - d. 2020)
10 Nov 2001 - 21 Nov 2009  Juan Manuel Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952)
                             (Spain)
21 Nov 2009 -  8 Nov 2017  Tadateru Konoe (Japan)             (b. 1939)
 8 Nov 2017 - 11 Dec 2023  Francesco Rocca (Italy)            (b. 1965)
11 Dec 2023  -             Kate Forbes (f) (U.S.)             (b. 1951?)

Secretaries-general
Jul 1919 - 1920            William E. Rappard (Switzerland)   (b. 1883 - d. 1958)
1921 - 1926                René Sand (Belgium)                (b. 1877 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1930                Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.)         (b. 1891 - d. 1957)
1931                       Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.)          (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
1931 - Jan 1932            Gordon Lookwood Berry (U.S.)       (b. 1884 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1936                Ernest J. Swift (U.S.)             (b. 1883 - d. 1941)
1936 - 1957                Bonabès de Rougé (France)          (b. 1891 - d. 1975)
1958 - 1960                Henry Weyman Dunning (U.S.)        (b. 1895 - d. 1977)
1960 - 1981                Henrik Beer (Sweden)               (b. 1915 - d. 1987)
1982 - 1987                Hans Hoegh (Norway)                (b. 1926 - d. 2010)
1988 - 1992                Pär Olav Mikael Stenbäck (Finland) (b. 1941)
1993 - 1999                George B. Weber (Canada)           (b. 1946)
2000 - 2003                Didier J. Cherpitel (France)       (b. 1944)
2003 - 2008                Markku Niskala (Finland)           (b. 1945 - d. 2018)
 1 Jul 2008 - 2014         Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia)           (b. 1944)
 1 Aug 2014 - 2020         Elhadj As Sy (Senegal)             (b. 1954)
 1 Feb 2020 -              Jagan Chapagain (Nepal)            (b. 1968?)