Myanmar
-
- c.1835 - 1 Jan
1886
|
-
- 1 Jan 1886 -
6 Feb 1939
|
- 6 Feb 1939 - 30
Mar 1941;
- 3 May 1945 - 4 Jan
1948
|
-
- 30 Mar 1941 - 1 Aug
1942 (provisional)
|
-
- 1 Aug 1942 -
1 Aug 1943 (provisional)
|
-
- 1 Aug 1943 - 3 May
1945
|
-
- 4 Jan 1948 - 2 Mar
1974
|
-
- 2 Mar 1974 - 21
Oct 2010
|
-
- Adopted 21 Oct
2010
|
Map
of Myanmar (Burma) |
Hear
National Anthem
"Kaba Ma Kyei"
(Till the End of the
World)
Adopted 4 Jan
1948
|
Former National Anthem
"Dobama Asiayone"
(We Burmans)
30 Mar 1941 - 3 May 1945
|
Constitution
(29 May
2008)
---------------------------------
1974
Constitution
(3 Jan 1974 - 18 Sep 1988)
--------------------------------------------
1948
Constitution
(4 Jan 1948 - 3 Jan
1974)
|
Capital:
Naypyidaw
(administrative capital
27 Mar 2006 - 21 Oct 2010)
(Yangoon [Rangoon]
1886-21 Oct 2010; Pagan
c.846-1297; Myinsaing
1297-1309; Pinya 1309-1315/64;
Sagaing 1315-65, 1760-64;
Awa [Ava] 1365-1752, 1764-1782, 1821-42;
Amarapura 1782-1821, 1842-23 May 1859;
Mandalay 1859-1886;
Rangoon 1753-1760)
|
Currency:
Kyat (MMK);
1952-89 Burmese Kyat (BUK);
1937-52 Burmese Rupee (BUR);
1941-44 Burmese Gumpyo
Rupee (BUG); 1886-1939
Indian Rupee (INR)
|
National
Holiday: 4 Jan (1948)
Independence Day
|
Population:
55,622,506 (2018)
|
GDP: $329.8
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$9.83 billion (2017)
Imports: $15.78
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
Burman 55.9%, Karen 9.5%, Shan 6.5%,
Rakhine 4%, Han Chinese
2.5%, Indian 2%, Mon 2.3%,
Yangbye 2.2%, Kachin
1.5%, other 13.6% (2000)
note: government recognizes 135
indigenous ethnic groups.
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 406,000 (2010)
Merchant marine:
95 ships (2018)
|
Religions:
Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim
4.3%,
Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%,
none 0.1% (2014)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB,
AIIB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BTWC, CP, CTBT,
CWC, EAS, EITI (suspended), ESCR, FAO,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU (suspended), ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITU,
ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, RCEP
(signatory), SAARC (observer),
UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
Myanmar
Index
|
Chronology
- c.846 - 1297
Kingdom of
Pagan (Bagan)(also called Pagan
Empire).
- 1297 -
1309
Myinsaing Kingdom
- 20 Oct 1309 - Sep
1364 Kingdom of
Pinya
- 16 May 1315 - Apr
1364 Kingdom of
Sagaing
- 26 Feb
1365
Kingdom of Awa (Ava)
- 1751 -
1752
Negrais Island a British
factory.
- 23 Mar
1752 - 3 Jan
1754 Mon (Hanthawaddy)
occupation.
- 3
Jan 1754
Independence of Kingdom of Awa
recovered.
-
22 Aug 1757 - 6 Oct
1759 Negrais Island ceded to
British East India Co.
- 1769
- 1 Jan
1886
Awa nominally a tributary of Chinese
Empire.
-
31 Dec
1784
Arakan annexed by Burma.
- 11
May
1824
British occupy Rangoon (from Nov
1824, Pegu
-
is occupied)(English spellings of
Burma varied
-
until
c.1885: Bermah, Birmah, Burma,
Burmah).
- 24
Feb
1826
Arakan, Tenasserim, Manipur, Assam,
and the
-
coastline annexed to British India;
Pegu
-
restored to Burma.
- 20
Dec
1852
Pegu annexed to British India.
- 31
Jan
1862
Arakan, Tenasserim, and Pegu are
united as
-
British
("Lower") Burma
(within British India).
-
1 Jan
1886
Remnant of Kingdom of Awa ("Upper
Burma")
-
annexed to British Burma (within
British India).
- 26
Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united as
Burma (within
-
British India).
-
1 Apr
1937
Burma a separate British colony.
-
1 Aug 1942 - 15 Aug
1945 Japanese occupation (in
Tenasserim from 14 Dec 1941,
-
Rangoon occupied 7 Mar 1942).
- Dec
1942 -
1945
Thailand occupies parts of the Shan
States
-
[Kyaington and Mongpan] which are
annexed by it
-
on 1 Aug 1943.
-
15 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945
British military administration.
- 1 Aug 1943 - 3 May
1945 Republic of Burma
-
4 Jan
1948
Independence (Union of Burma).
-
4 Jan
1974
Socialist Republic of the Union of
Burma.
- 23
Sep
1988
Union of Burma
- 18 Jun
1989
Union of Myanmar¹
- 21 Oct
2010
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
|
States
and Regions
(since 2011)
|
States
(1948-1988)
|
Shan
and
Karenni
states |
British Lower
Burma
(1824-1886)
|
Tenasserim
(1824-1886)
|
Pegu
(1740-1757,
1852-1886) |
Arakan
(1698-1886)
|
Taungu
(1698-1751)
|
Exile
Government
(1990-2012) |
Historical
Maps
of
Burma
|
|
Note: Burmese names are often seen
prefixed with U (i.e., U Nu, U Ne Win). This simply
means Mr. and therefore this prefix is not included in
this record.
Kings
27 Aug 1648 - 3 Jun 1661 Pintale Min
(b. 1608 - d. 1661)
3 Jun 1661 - 14 Apr 1672 Pye Min
(b. 1619 - d. 1672)
14 Apr 1672 - 27 Feb 1673 Narawara
(b. 1650 - d. 1673)
27 Feb 1673 - 4 May 1698 Minyekyawdin
(Minyekyawhtin) (b. 1651 - d. 1698)
4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714 Sanay
Min
(b. 1673 - d. 1714)
12 Sep 1714 - 12 Dec 1733 Taninganway
Min
(b. 1689 - d. 1733)
12 Dec 1733 - 23 Mar 1752 Maha Dhammaraza Dipati
(b. 1714 - d.
1754)
29 Feb 1752 - 11 May 1760
Alaungphaya
(b. 1714 - d. 1760)
(in opposition to 3 Jan 1754)
11 May 1760 - 28 Nov 1763
Naungdawkyi
(b. 1734 - d. 1763)
29 Nov 1763 - 10 Jun 1776
Hsinbyushin
(b. 1736 - d. 1776)
10 Jun 1776 - 5 Feb 1782 Singu
Min
(b. 1756 - d. 1782)
6 Feb 1782 - 11 Feb 1782
Maung
Maung
(b. 1763 - d. 1782)
11 Feb 1782 - 5 Jun 1819
Bodawphaya
(b. 1745 - d. 1819)
5 Jun 1819 - 15 Apr 1837
Bagyidaw
(b. 1784 - d. 1846)
15 Apr 1837 - 17 Nov 1846 Tharawadi
Min
(b. 1787 - d. 1846)
17 Nov 1846 - 18 Feb 1853 Pagan
Min
(b. 1811 - d. 1880)
18 Feb 1853 - 1 Oct 1878 Mindon
Min
(b. 1814 - d. 1878)
1 Oct 1878 - 29 Nov 1885
Thibaw
Min
(b. 1859 - d. 1916)
Chairman of the Hlutdaw
(National Council)
29 Nov 1885 - 1 Jan 1886 Edward
Bosc Sladen
(b. 1827 - d. 1890)
Chief Commissioners (of
British [Lower] Burma to 26 Feb 1886)
31 Jan 1862 - 16 Feb 1867 Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
16 Feb 1867 - 7 Apr 1870 Albert
Fytche (1st
time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1891)
7 Apr 1870 – 26 Jun 1870
Richard Drapes
Ardagh(acting) (b. 1823 -
d. 1899)
26 Jun 1870 - 18 Apr 1871 Albert Fytche
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
18 Apr 1871 - 14 Apr 1875 Ashley
Eden
(b. 1831 - d. 1887)
14 Apr 1875 - 30 Mar 1878 Augustus Rivers
Thompson
(b. 1829 - d. 1890)
(acting to 30 Apr 1877)
30 Mar 1878 - 2 Jul 1880 Charles
Umpherton Aitchinson
(b. 1832 - d. 1896)
2 Jul 1880 - 2 Mar
1882 Charles Edward Bernard (1st time) (b.
1837 - d. 1901)
(acting to 4 Apr 1882)
2 Mar 1882 – 25 Sep 1886
Sir Charles Haukes Todd
(b. 1835 - d. 1915)
Crosthwaite (1st time)
(acting to 28 Feb 1884)
25 Sep 1886 - 12 Mar 1887 Charles Edward
Bernard (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1887 - 8 Sep 1889 Sir Charles
Haukes
Todd
(s.a.)
Crosthwaite (2nd time)
8 Sep 1889 - 8 Dec 1889 Antony
Patrick
MacDonnell
(b. 1844 - d. 1925)
(acting)
8 Dec 1889 – 10 Dec 1890 Sir Charles
Haukes
Todd
(s.a.)
Crosthwaite (3rd time)
10 Dec 1890 - 2 May 1892 Alexander
Mackenzie (1st time) (b. 1842 -
d. 1910)
2 May 1892 - 23 May 1892 Donald
Mackenzie Smeaton (1st time)(b. 1848 - d. 1910)
(acting)
23 May 1892 – 3 May 1894 Frederick
William Richard Fryer (b. 1845 - d.
1922)
(1st time)(acting)
3 May 1894 – 3 Apr 1895
Alexander Mackenzie (2nd time)
(s.a.)
3 Apr 1895 – 25 Apr 1896 Frederick
William Richard Fryer (s.a.)
(2nd time)
25 Apr 1896 – 9 Aug 1896 Donald
Mackenzie Smeaton (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
9 Aug 1896 - 1 May 1897
Frederick William Richard Fryer (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Lieutenant governors
1 May 1897 - 4 Apr
1903 Frederick William Richard
Fryer (s.a.)
4 Apr 1903 - 9 May
1905 Sir Hugh Shakespear
Barnes
(b. 1853 - d. 1940)
9 May 1905 - 19 May 1910
Sir Herbert Thirkell
White
(b. 1855 - d. 1931)
19 May 1910 - 15 May 1913 Sir
Harvey Adamson (1st time) (b.
1854 - d. 1941)
15 May 1913 - 1 Nov 1913 Sir George
Watson Shaw (acting) (b. 1858 - d.
1931)
1 Nov 1913 - 28 Oct 1915
Sir Harvey Adamson (2nd time)
(s.a.)
28 Oct 1915 - 22 Sep 1917 Sir Spencer
Harcourt
Butler (b.
1869 - d. 1938)
(1st time)
22 Sep 1917 - 15 Feb 1918 Walter Francis
Rice (acting) (b.
1872 - d. 1941)
15 Feb 1918 - 21 Dec 1922 Sir Reginald
Henry Craddock
(b. 1864 - d. 1937)
21 Dec 1922 - 2 Jan 1923 Sir
Spencer Harcourt
Butler (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governors
2 Jan 1923 - 20 Dec 1927
Sir Spencer Harcourt
Butler (s.a.)
20 Dec 1927 - 20 Dec 1932 Sir Charles
Alexander
Innes (b. 1874
- d. 1959)
11 Aug 1930 - Feb 1931 Sir
Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi (b.
1872 - d. 1955)
(acting for Innes)
22 Dec 1930 - 2 Aug 1931 Saya San (Ya
Gyaw)
(b. 1876 - d. 1931)
(self-declared 'king'; in rebellion)
20 Dec 1932 - 8 May 1936 Sir Hugh
Landsdowne Stephenson (b. 1871 -
d. 1941)
8 May 1936 - 6 May
1941 Sir Archibald Douglas
Cochrane (b. 1885 - d. 1958)
6 May 1941 - 31 Aug 1946
Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith
(b. 1899 - d. 1977)
(in Simla, India exile
15
May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Japanese Military Commanders (of
15th Army; from 18 Mar 1943, Burma Area Army)
20 Apr 1942 - 18 Mar 1943 Shōjirō
Iida
(b. 1888 - d. 1980) Mil
18 Mar 1943 - 30 Aug 1944 Masakazu
Kawabe
(b. 1886 - d. 1965) Mil
30 Aug 1944 - 15 Aug 1945 Heitarō
Kimura
(b. 1888 - d. 1948) Mil
Head of the Burmese Administration
1 Aug 1942 - 1 Aug
1943 Ba
Maw
(b. 1893 - d. 1977) FB
Supreme Chief of State (title Naingngandaw
Adipadi)
1 Aug 1943 - 3 May
1945 Ba
Maw
(s.a.)
FB:1944 MB
Director of the British Military
Administration
1 Jan 1944 - 16 Oct 1945
Lord Louis Francis Mountbatten (b.
1900 - d. 1979) Mil
Chief Civil Affairs Officers, Civil Affairs
Service (Burma)
1 Jan 1944 - 10 May 1945
Charles Frederick Byrde
Pearce (b. 1892 - d. 1946)
Mil
10 May 1945 - 1 Feb 1946 Hubert Elvin
Rance
(b. 1898 - d. 1974)
Mil
Governor
31 Aug 1946 - 4 Jan 1948 Sir Hubert Elvin
Rance
(s.a.)
Presidents
4 Jan 1948 - 16 Mar 1952
Saw Shwe
Thaik
(b. 1896 - d. 1962) AFPFL
16 Mar 1952 - 13 Mar 1957 Ba
U
(b. 1887 - d. 1963) AFPFL
13 Mar 1957 - 2 Mar 1962 Win
Maung
(b. 1916 - d. 1989) AFPFL
2 Mar 1962 - 9 Nov
1981 Ne Win (Shu
Maung)
(b. 1911 - d. 2002) Mil;
(chairman Revolutionary Council to 2 Mar
1974) 1972
PSPB
9 Nov 1981 - 25 Jul 1988
San
Yu
(b. 1918 - d. 1996) PSPB
25 Jul 1988 - 12 Aug 1988 Sein
Lwin
(b. 1924 - d. 2004) PSBP
12 Aug 1988 - 19 Aug 1988 Aye Ko
(acting)
(b. 1921 - d. 2006) PSBP
19 Aug 1988 - 18 Sep 1988 Maung
Maung
(b. 1925 - d. 1994) PSBP
Chairmen of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (SLORC)
18 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992 Saw
Maung
(b. 1928 - d. 1997) Mil
23 Apr 1992 - 15 Nov 1997 Than
Shwe
(b.
1933)
Mil
Chairman of the State Peace and Development
Council
15 Nov 1997 - 30 Mar 2011 Than
Shwe
(s.a.)
Mil;2010 USDP
Presidents
30 Mar 2011 - 30 Mar 2016 Thein
Sein
(b. 1945) USDP
30 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2018
Htin
Kyaw
(b. 1946) NLD
21 Mar 2018 - 30 Mar 2018 Myint Swe (1st
time) (acting) (b. 1951)
USDP
30 Mar 2018 - 1 Feb 2021 Win Myint
(b. 1951)
NLD
1 Feb 2021
-
Myint Swe (2nd time)
(acting)
(s.a.)
USDP
Chairman of the State Administrative Council
2 Feb 2021 -
Min Aung
Hlaing
(b. 1956) Mil
Deputy Chairmen of the Executive Council
1 Apr 1937 - 20 Feb 1939
Ba Maw (1st
time)
(s.a.)
PMP
20 Feb 1939 - 9 Sep 1940 Maung
Pu
(b. 1881 - d. 1942) UP
9 Sep 1940 - 19 Jan 1942
Saw
(b. 1900 - d. 1948) PP
19 Jan 1942 - 8 Mar 1942 Sir Paw
Tun (1st time)
(b. 1883 - d. 1953) PP
(in Simla, India exile 15 May
1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Mar 1942 - May
1942 Tun Oke
(b. 1907
- d. 1970) FB
(chief administrator of the Central Government)
3 Jun 1942 - 3 May
1945 Ba Maw (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
FB:1944 MB
3 May 1945 - 3
Nov 1945 Vacant
3 Nov 1945 - 28 Sep 1946 Sir
Paw Tun (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
28 Sep 1946 - 19 Jul 1947 Aung
San
(b. 1915 - d. 1947) AFPFL
24 Jul 1947 - 4 Jan 1948
Nu
(b. 1907 - d. 1995) AFPFL
Prime ministers
4 Jan 1948 - 12 Jun 1956
Nu (1st
time)
(s.a.)
AFPFL
12 Jun 1956 - 1 Mar 1957 Ba
Swe
(b. 1915 - d. 1987) AFPFL
1 Mar 1957 - 29 Oct 1958
Nu (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
AFPFL
29 Oct 1958 - 4 Apr 1960 Ne Win
(1st
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
4 Apr 1960 - 2 Mar
1962 Nu (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
UnP
2 Mar 1962 - 4 Mar
1974 Ne Win (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil/PSBP
4 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1977
Sein
Win
(b. 1919 - d. 1993) Mil/PSPB
29 Mar 1977 - 26 Jul 1988 Maung Maung
Kha
(b. 1920 - d. 1995) Mil/PSPB
26 Jul 1988 - 18 Sep 1988 Tun
Tin
(b. 1930 - d. 2020) Mil/PSBP
21 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992 Saw
Maung
(s.a.)
Mil
24 Apr 1992 - 25 Aug 2003 Than
Shwe
(s.a.)
Mil
25 Aug 2003 - 19 Oct 2004 Khin
Nyunt
(b.
1939)
Mil
19 Oct 2004 - 12 Oct 2007 Soe
Win
(b. 1949 - d. 2007) Mil
18 May 2007 - 30 Mar 2011 Thein Sein
(s.a.)
Mil;2010
USDP
(acting [for Soe Win to 12 Oct
2007] to 24 Oct 2007)
1 Apr 2011 - 1 Aug 2021 Post
abolished
State Counselor
6 Apr 2016 - 1 Feb 2021 Aung San Suu
Kyi (f)
(b. 1945) NLD
Prime Ministers
16 Apr 2021
-
Mahn Win Khaing
Than
(b.
1952)
NLD
(of the National Unity Government, in opposition)
1 Aug 2021
-
Min Aung
Hlaing
(s.a.)
Mil
British India Residents
(in Ava; Oct 1838-Jul 1839 Amarapura; 12 Jun 1837-Oct
1838 and 22 Jul 1839 Rangoon)
6 Nov 1833 - Oct 1837
Henry Burney
(b. 1792 - d. 1845)
Oct 1837 - 13 Jul
1838 George Thomas Bayfield
(acting) (b. 1806 - d. 1840)
13 Jul 1838 - Mar 1839 Richard
Benson
(b. 1785 - d. 1858)
Mar 1839 - 7 Jan 1840 William
Couperus McLeod (Macleod) (b.
1805 - d. 1880)
(acting)
Jan 1840 - 1862
Vacant
British Residents (at
Mandalay)
1862 - 1864
Clement Williams
(b. 1833 - d. 1879)
1864 - 1869
Edward Bosc Sladen
(s.a.)
1869 - 1872
Alexander Ruxton McMahon
(b. 1830 - d. 1899)
1872 - 1875
George Augustus Strover
(b. 1839 - d. 1904)
1875 - 1878
Harvey Tuckett Duncan
(b. 1826
- d. 1900)
1878 - 15 Jun 1879
Robert Barkley Shaw
(b. 1839 - d. 1879)
15 Jun 1879 - 29 Aug 1879 Horace
Albert Browne (acting) (b. 1831 - d.
1914)
29 Aug 1879 - 6 Oct 1879 Henry Lewis
(Browne) St. Barbe (b. 1849? - d.
1886)
(charge d'affaires)
6 Oct 1879 - 1 Jan 1886 Vacant
British Assistant
Political Agents (in Bhamo)
1869 - 1872
George Augustus Strover
(s.a.)
1872 - 1873
Horace Ralph Spearman
(b. 1840 - d. 1908)
1873 - May 1877
Crawford Boyd Cooke
(b. 1855 - d. 1925)
(acting to Feb 1874)
1877 - 1878
Thomas Thornville Cooper
(b. 1839 - d. 1878)
1878 - 1879
Henry
Lewis (Browne) St. Barbe (s.a.)
Japanese Superintendents, Military
Administration Department
(from Mar 1943, Burmese Army Administration
Department)(all Commanders of 15th Army)
15 Mar 1942 - 24 Jul 1942 Yoshio
Nasu
(b. 1897 -
d. 1993)
25 Jul 1942 - 30 Nov 1942 Haruki Isayama
(b. 1894 - d. 1990)
1 Dec 1942 - 1 Aug
1943 Eitarō Naka
(b.
1893 - d. 1969)
Special Advisor on Economics and Finance
(Japanese Proconsul)
Dec 1943 - 1 Apr
1945 Gōtarō
Ogawa
(b. 1876 - d. 1945)
National Coalition Government of
the Union of Burma in exile (1990-2012)
18 Dec 1990
National Coalition Government of the Union
of Burma
established at Manerplaw by NLD and other opposition
parties.
27 Jan 1995
Manerplaw captured by government forces,
NCGUB moves to Sweden.
16 Jul 1995
Reorganized as the democratic government of
Burma.
Dec 1997
Proposed First Draft Constitution
published.
14 Sep
2012
Dissolved to aid the reform process in Myanmar.
Chairman of the National Coalition Government of
the Union of Burma (Prime minister)
18 Dec 1990 - 14 Sep 2012 Sein
Win
(b.
1944)
PND
(in Manerplaw to 27 Jan 1995; then in
Sweden,
and finally Maryland, U.S. exile)
¹Not strictly a name change, just a
new version to be used internationally of the same
Burmese name (Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw)
that before 1989 was translated as Union of Burma.
Territorial Disputes: Over half of Burma's
population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have
substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries;
Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 912,000 Rohingya,
Burmese Muslim minority from Rakhine State, living as
refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are
constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to
deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the
military build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010;
Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with
Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law
of the Sea; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the
largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias
tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to
periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in
China; fencing along the India-Burma international
border at Manipur's Moreh town is in progress to check
illegal drug trafficking and movement of militants; over
100,000 mostly Karen refugees and asylum seekers fleeing
civil strife, political upheaval, and economic
stagnation in Burma were living in remote camps in
Thailand near the border as of May 2017.
Party abbreviations: NLD = National
League for Democracy (democratic-socialist, center-left,
originally won 27 May 1990 election, banned
6 May 2010 - 13 Dec 2011,
est.27 Sep 1988); USDP
= Union Solidarity and Development Party
(military-backed state party 2011-2016, est.Jun
2010); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: AFPFL =
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (leftist,
nationalist, pro-independence, 1944-1962); FB =
Burma Freedom Bloc (Bama Htwet Yat Gaing, later renamed
Dobama-Sinyetha Asiayone [We
Burma-Poor Man's Association], Oct
1939-1944, renamed MB); MB = Maha Bama (Greater Burma, Burmese
nationalist, 1944-1946); PMP
= Poor Man's Party ("Hsinyeitha," 1935-Oct
1939, merged with Dobama
Asiayon and All Burma Students Union into FB);
PP = Patriot's Party ("Myochit,"
1938-47); PND = Party of National
Democracy (sister party of NLD, 1988-20 Dec 1990,
banned); PSPB = Party of the Socialist
Program of Burma ("Lanzin", socialist, 1962-88,
only legal party 23 Mar 1964 - 18 Sep 1988);
UnP = Union Party ("Pyidaungsu," split form AFPFL,
1960-62); UP = United Party
(pro-constitution, 1936-1942)
Taungu
1298
Kingdom of Pinya
1364
Incorporated into Awa (Burma).
19 Dec
1599
Kingdom of Taungu (Toungoo).
15 Apr 1752
Re-incorporated into Awa.
Kings
4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714 Sanay
(b. 1673 - d. 1714)
(Thiri Maha Thihathura Thudhammayaza)
12 Sep 1714 - 23 Nov 1733 Taninganway
(b. 1689 - d. 1733)
(Thiri Pawara Mahadhammaraja Dibati Hsengphyusheng)
23 Nov 1733 - 15 Apr 1752 Mahadammayaza Dipati
(b. 1714
- d. 1754)
(Mahadhammaraja Dibati)
British (Lower) Burma
11 May
1824
British occupy Rangoon (from Nov 1824 Pegu occupied).
1824 -
1827
Tenasserim under the supervision of Penang.
24 Feb
1826
British annex Arakan, Tenasserim, Manipur, Assam and
the
coast to British India. Pegu is restored to Burma.
20 Dec
1852
British annex Pegu.
31 Jan
1862
Arakan, Pegu and Tenasserim united as part of British
(Lower)
Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
1 Apr
1937
Burma a separate British colony.
4 Jan
1948
Part of independent Burma.
Tenasserim
Military commander
11 May 1824 -
1826 Sir
Archibald
Campbell
(b. 1769 - d. 1843)
Commissioners in the
Tenasserim Provinces
1826 -
1828
Sir Archibald
Campbell
(s.a.)
1828 - Jul
1833
Anthony de la Combe
Maingy
(b. 1795 - d. 1865)
1833 -
1843
Edmund Augustus Blundell
(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
Apr 1843 -
1844
George
Broadfoot
(b. 1807 - d. 1845)
Sep 1844 -
1846
Henry Marion
Durand
(b. 1812 - d. 1871)
1846 -
1849
John Russell
Colvin
(b. 1807 - d. 1857)
1849 - 1857
Archibald Bogle
(b. 1805 - d.
1870)
(from 9
Dec 1853, Sir Archibald Bogle)
Apr 1857 - 1862
Albert
Fytche
(b. 1820 - d. 1891)
1858 - 1860
Henry Hopkinson
(acting for Fytche)(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
Commissioners of
Tenasserim Province
1862
- Mar 1867
Albert
Fytche
(s.a.)
1867 - 1872
David Brown
(b. 1823 - d.
1911)
1872 - 1876
Edward Bosc Sladen
(b.
1827 - d. 1890)
1876 - 1878
Richard Drapes Ardagh
(b. 1823
- d. 1899)
1879 - Oct 1883
Alexander Gordon Duff
(b. 1828 - d.
1904)
Oct 1883 - 1886
William Charles Plant
(b. 1836 - d. 1898)
Pegu
to 1757
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825
(Mon) Kingdom of Talaing (Pegu) comprises part of
present-day southeastern Burma and west-central
Thailand.
1044 -
1287
Under rule of Kingdom of Pagan.
1539 -
1580
Burmese occupation.
Jan
1551
Burmese occupation; part of Kingdom of Awa.
1740
Kingdom of Pegu briefly recovers independence during
the collapse of Awa.
2 May
1757
Re-incorporation into Awa.
Nov 1824 - 24 Feb 1826 British
occupy Pegu.
20 Dec
1852
Annexed to British India.
31 Jan
1862
Along with Arakan and Tenasserim part of British
(Lower) Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
Kings
1740 -
1747
Smim Htaw Buddhaketi
1747 - 2 May
1757
Binnya
Dala
(d. 1774)
Commissioners of Pegu
1824 - 1826
Thomas Campbell Robertson
(b. 1789 - d. 1863)
20 Dec 1852 - 31 Jan 1862 Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1862 - Apr
1863
Thomas Phillips
Sparks
(b. 1819 - d. 1863)
23 Apr 1863 - 1865
Samuel Richard
Tickell
(b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1865 -
1878
Richard Drapes Ardagh
(b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1878 - 1880
Horace Albert Browne
(b. 1831 - d. 1914)
1881
George James Spence Hodgkinson (b. 1845 -
d. 1891)
(acting)
1881 - 1886
Charles Walker
Street
(b. 1835 - d. 1890)
Arakan
to 31 Dec 1784
|
3325
BC
Kingdom of Arakan founded according to legend.
c.825
AD
First recorded dynasty.
31 Dec
1784
Conquered by Awa (Burma).
24 Feb
1826 Arakan
(Arracan) annexed by Britain, part of British (Lower) Burma
(which is part of British India).
31 Jan
1862
Along with Tenasserim and Pegu part of British
(Lower) Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
Kings
1698 -
1700
Naradipati I
1700 -
1706
Sandawimala
I
(d. 1734)
1706 -
1710
Sandathuriya I
1710 -
1731
Sandawizaya
(d. 1731)
1731 -
1734
Sandathuriya II
1734 -
1735
Naradipati II
1735 -
1736
Narapawara
1737
Sandawizaya II (Sandawizala)
1737
Katya
1737 -
1742
Madarit
1742 -
1761
Nara Apaya
1761
Thirithu
1761 -
1764
Sandaparama
1764 -
1773
Apaya
1773 -
1777
Sandathumana
1777
Sandawimala II
1777 -
1782
Sandathaditha
1782 - 31 Dec
1784
Thamada
31 Dec 1784 - 24 Feb 1826 annexed by
Awa
British Agent to the Governor General in Arakan
(Arracan)
(from 25 Aug 1825, and
Commissioner of Arakan)
25 Apr 1825 -
1826
Thomas Campbell Robertson
(b. 1789 - d. 1863)
Bengal Government Senior Commissioners in Arakan
(Arracan)
9 Jun 1826 -
1829
Richard Hunter
1829
Charles Paton
(b. 1791 - d. 1830)
Bengal Government Superintendents
of Arakan (Arracan)
(subordinated to the commissioner of Chittagong)
1829 -
1830
Charles
Paton
(s.a.)
21 Dec 1830 - 1834
Thomas
Dickinson
(b. 1789 - d. 1859)
Commissioners of Arakan
1834 -
1837
Thomas Dickinson
(s.a.)
1837 -
1849
Archibald Bogle
(b. 1805 - d. 1870)
Mar 1849 -
1852
Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1852 - 1858
Henry
Hopkinson
(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
6 Dec 1858 - 9 Apr 1867
George Verner
(b. 1810 - d.
1885)
10 Apr 1867 - 23 Apr 1867 Edward Moody Ryan (1st
time) (b. 1824 - d.
1879)
(acting)
24 Apr 1867 - 24 Oct 1872 James Francis John
Stevenson (b. 1822 - d. 1873)
(1st time)
25 Oct 1872 - 23 Jan 1873 Horatio Nelson
Davies (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1888)
(acting)
23 Jan 1873 - Dec 1873 James
Francis John Stevenson (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Dec 1873 - 7 Feb 1876
Edward Moody Ryan (2nd
time) (s.a.)
8 Feb 1876 - 29 Feb 1876 Horatio Nelson Davies
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1 Mar 1876 - 13 Sep 1878 Edward
Bosc Sladen (1st time) (b. 1827 - d.
1890)
14 Sep 1878 - 10 Dec 1878 William
Charles Plant (1st time) (b.
1836 - d. 1898)
(acting)
11 Dec 1878 - 6 Jun 1880 George
James Spence Hodgkinson (b. 1845 - d.
1891)
(1st
time)
7 Jun 1880 - 22 Jun 1880 William
Charles Plant (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
23 Jun 1880 - 31 Aug 1880 William de Courcy
Ireland (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
1 Sep 1880 - 26 Oct 1880 George
James Spence Hodgkinson (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
27 Oct 1880 - 12 Aug 1883 Edward
Bosc Sladen (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Aug 1883 - 13 Nov 1883 George Augustus Strover
(acting) (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
14 Nov 1883 - 3 Nov 1885 Edward
Bosc Sladen (3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Nov 1885 - 17 Dec 1885 John
Kenneth MacRae
(acting) (b. 1831 -
d. 1910)
18 Dec 1885 - 26 Jul 1886 George Douglas Burgess
(b. 1847
- d. 1898)
© Ben Cahoon
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