Myanmar
 

c.1835 - 1 Jan 1886   1 Jan 1886 - 6 Feb 1939 6 Feb 1939 - 30 Mar 1941; 3 May 1945 - 4 Jan 1948 30 Mar 1941 - 1 Aug 1942 (provisional) 1 Aug  1942 - 1 Aug 1943 (provisional) 1 Aug 1943 - 3 May 1945 4 Jan 1948 - 2 Mar 1974 2 Mar 1974 - 21 Oct 2010 Adopted 21 Oct 2010 Map of Myanmar (Burma) Hear National Anthem "Kaba Ma Kyei" (Till the End of the World)  Adopted 22 Sep 1947 Former National Anthem  "Dobama Asiayone" (We Burmans) 30 Mar 1941 - 3 May 1945 Constitution (29 May 2008) --------------------------------- 1974 Constitution (3 Jan 1974 - 18 Sep 1988) -------------------------------------------- 1948 Constitution (4 Jan 1948 - 3 Jan 1974) Capital: Naypyidaw (administrative capital 27 Mar 2006 - 21 Oct 2010) (Yangoon [Rangoon] 1886-21 Oct 2010; Pagan  c.846-1297; Myinsaing  1297-1309; Pinya 1309-1315/64; Sagaing 1315-65, 1760-64; Awa [Ava] 1365-1752, 1764-1782, 1821-42; Amarapura 1782-1821, 1842-23 May 1859; Mandalay 1859-1886; Rangoon 1753-1760) Currency: Kyat (MMK); 1952-89 Burmese Kyat (BUK); 1937-52 Burmese Rupee (BUR); 1941-44 Burmese Gumpyo Rupee (BUG); 1886-1939 Indian Rupee (INR)  National Holiday: 4 Jan (1948) Independence Day Population: 55,622,506 (2018) GDP: $329.8 billion (2017) Exports: $9.83 billion (2017) Imports: $15.78 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Burman 55.9%, Karen 9.5%, Shan 6.5%, Rakhine 4%, Han Chinese 2.5%, Indian 2%, Mon 2.3%, Yangbye 2.2%, Kachin 1.5%, other 13.6% (2000) note: government recognizes 135 indigenous ethnic groups. Total Active Armed Forces: 406,000 (2010) Merchant marine: 95 ships (2018) Religions: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014) International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, AIIB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BTWC, CP, CTBT, CWC, EAS, EITI (suspended), ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU (suspended), ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, RCEP (signatory), SAARC (observer), SCO (dialogue partner), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Myanmar Index Chronology c.846 - 1297               Kingdom of Pagan (Bagan)(also called Pagan Empire). 1297 - 1309                Myinsaing Kingdom 20 Oct 1309 - Sep 1364     Kingdom of Pinya 16 May 1315 - Apr 1364     Kingdom of Sagaing 26 Feb 1365                Kingdom of Awa (Ava) 1751 - 1752                Negrais Island a British factory. 23 Mar 1752 -  3 Jan 1754  Mon (Hanthawaddy) occupation.  3 Jan 1754                Independence of Kingdom of Awa recovered. 22 Aug 1757 -  6 Oct 1759  Negrais Island ceded to British East India Co. 1769 -  1 Jan 1886         Awa nominally a tributary of Chinese Empire. 31 Dec 1784                Arakan annexed by Burma. 11 May 1824                British occupy Rangoon (from Nov 1824, Pegu                               is occupied)(English spellings of Burma varied                              until c.1885: Bermah, Birmah, Burma, Burmah). 24 Feb 1826                Arakan, Tenasserim, and the coastline annexed to                              British India as parts (divisions) of Bengal;                              Pegu is restored to Burma. 20 Dec 1852                Pegu annexed to British India. 31 Jan 1862                Arakan, Tenasserim, and Pegu are united as                              a separate British ("Lower") Burma province                              (within British India).             1 Jan 1886                Remnant of Kingdom of Awa ("Upper Burma")                               annexed to British Burma province (within British                              India). 26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province                              (within British India).  1 Apr 1937                Burma a separate British colony. 26 May 1942 - 22 Sep 1945  Thailand occupies parts of Shan States [Kyaington                              and Mongpan], which it annexes on 18 Aug 1943.  1 Aug 1942 - 15 Aug 1945  Japanese occupation (in Tenasserim from 14 Dec 1941,                              Rangoon occupied 8 Mar 1942).  1 Aug 1943 -  3 May 1945  Republic of Burma 15 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945  British military administration.  4 Jan 1948                Independence (Union of Burma [Pranyhtaungcu. Mranma                              Nuingngamtau]).  4 Jan 1974                Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma                              (Pyidaunzu Soshallhaitsammat Myăma Nainngandaw). 19 Oct 1988                Union of Burma (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw)                              (retroactive effective from 18 Sep 1988). 18 Jun 1989                Union of Myanmar¹ (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw) 31 Jan 2011                Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Pyidaunzu                              Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw) States and Regions (since 2011) States (1948-1988) Shan and Karenni states British Lower Burma (1824-1886) Tenasserim (1824-1886) Pegu (1740-1757, 1852-1886) Arakan (1698-1886) Taungu (1698-1751) Exile Government (1990-2012) Exile Unity Government (from 2021) Historical Maps of Burma

Note: Burmese names are often seen prefixed with U (i.e., U Nu, U Ne Win). This simply means Mr. and therefore this prefix is not included in this record.

Kings
27 Aug 1648 -  3 Jun 1661  Pintale Min                        (b. 1608 - d. 1661)
 3 Jun 1661 - 14 Apr 1672  Pye Min                            (b. 1619 - d. 1672)
14 Apr 1672 - 27 Feb 1673  Narawara                           (b. 1650 - d. 1673)
27 Feb 1673 -  4 May 1698  Minyekyawdin (Minyekyawhtin)       (b. 1651 - d. 1698)
 4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714  Sanay Min                          (b. 1673 - d. 1714)
12 Sep 1714 - 12 Dec 1733  Taninganway Min                    (b. 1689 - d. 1733)
12 Dec 1733 - 23 Mar 1752  Maha Dhammaraza Dipati             (b. 1714 - d. 1754)
29 Feb 1752 - 11 May 1760  Alaungphaya                        (b. 1714 - d. 1760)
                             (in opposition to 3 Jan 1754)
11 May 1760 - 28 Nov 1763  Naungdawkyi                        (b. 1734 - d. 1763)
29 Nov 1763 - 10 Jun 1776  Hsinbyushin                        (b. 1736 - d. 1776)
10 Jun 1776 -  5 Feb 1782  Singu Min                          (b. 1756 - d. 1782)
 6 Feb 1782 - 11 Feb 1782  Maung Maung                        (b. 1763 - d. 1782)
11 Feb 1782 -  5 Jun 1819  Bodawphaya                         (b. 1745 - d. 1819)
 5 Jun 1819 - 15 Apr 1837  Bagyidaw                           (b. 1784 - d. 1846)
15 Apr 1837 - 17 Nov 1846  Tharawadi Min                      (b. 1787 - d. 1846)
17 Nov 1846 - 18 Feb 1853  Pagan Min                          (b. 1811 - d. 1880)
18 Feb 1853 -  1 Oct 1878  Mindon Min                         (b. 1814 - d. 1878)
 1 Oct 1878 - 29 Nov 1885  Thibaw Min                         (b. 1859 - d. 1916)
Chairman of the Hlutdaw (National Council)
29 Nov 1885 -  1 Jan 1886  Edward Bosc Sladen                 (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
Chief Commissioners (of British [Lower] Burma to 26 Feb 1886)
31 Jan 1862 - 16 Feb 1867  Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
16 Feb 1867 -  7 Apr 1870  Albert Fytche (1st time)           (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
 7 Apr 1870 – 26 Jun 1870  Richard Drapes Ardagh(acting)      (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
26 Jun 1870 - 18 Apr 1871  Albert Fytche (2nd time)           (s.a.)
18 Apr 1871 - 14 Apr 1875  Ashley Eden                        (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
14 Apr 1875 - 30 Mar 1878  Augustus Rivers Thompson           (b. 1829 - d. 1890)
                             (acting to 30 Apr 1877)
30 Mar 1878 -  2 Jul 1880  Charles Umpherton Aitchinson       (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
 2 Jul 1880 - 12 Mar 1887  Charles Edward Bernard             (b. 1837 - d. 1901)
                             (from 29 May 1886, Sir Charles Edward Bernard)
                             (acting to 4 Apr 1882)
 2 Mar 1883 - 28 Feb 1884  Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite    (b. 1835 - d. 1915)
                             (1st time)(acting for Bernard)
12 Mar 1887 - 10 Dec 1890  Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite    (s.a.)
                             Crosthwaite (2nd time)
                            (from 30 May 1888, Sir Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite)
 8 Sep 1889 -  8 Dec 1889  Antony Patrick MacDonnell          (b. 1844 - d. 1925)
                             (acting for Crosthwaite)
10 Dec 1890 -  2 May 1892  Alexander Mackenzie (1st time)     (b. 1842 - d. 1910)
                             (from 1 Jan 1891, Sir Alexander Mackenzie)   
 2 May 1892 - 23 May 1892  Donald Mackenzie Smeaton (1st time)(b. 1848 - d. 1910)
                             (acting)
23 May 1892 –  3 May 1894  Frederick William Richards Fryer   (b. 1845 - d. 1922)
                             (1st time)(acting)
 3 May 1894 –  3 Apr 1895  Sir Alexander Mackenzie (2nd time) (s.a.) 
 3 Apr 1895 – 25 Apr 1896  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer (2nd time)
25 Apr 1896 –  9 Aug 1896  Donald Mackenzie Smeaton (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting) 
 9 Aug 1896 -  1 May 1897  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer (3rd time)
Lieutenant governors
 1 May 1897 -  4 Apr 1903  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer
 4 Apr 1903 -  9 May 1905  Sir Hugh Shakespear Barnes         (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
 9 May 1905 - 19 May 1910  Sir Herbert Thirkell White         (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
19 May 1910 - 15 May 1913  Sir Harvey Adamson (1st time)      (b. 1854 - d. 1941) 
15 May 1913 -  1 Nov 1913  Sir George Watson Shaw (acting)    (b. 1858 - d. 1931)  
 1 Nov 1913 - 28 Oct 1915  Sir Harvey Adamson (2nd time)      (s.a.)
28 Oct 1915 - 22 Sep 1917  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
                             (1st time)
22 Sep 1917 - 15 Feb 1918  Walter Francis Rice (acting)       (b. 1872 - d. 1941)
15 Feb 1918 - 21 Dec 1922  Sir Reginald Henry Craddock        (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
21 Dec 1922 -  2 Jan 1923  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Governors
 2 Jan 1923 - 20 Dec 1927  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (s.a.)
20 Dec 1927 - 20 Dec 1932  Sir Charles Alexander Innes        (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
11 Aug 1930 - Feb 1931     Sir Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi      (b. 1872 - d. 1955)
                             (acting for Innes)
22 Dec 1930 -  2 Aug 1931  Saya San (Ya Gyaw)                 (b. 1876 - d. 1931)
                             (self-declared 'king'; in rebellion)
20 Dec 1932 -  8 May 1936  Sir Hugh Landsdowne Stephenson     (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
 8 May 1936 -  6 May 1941  Sir Archibald Douglas Cochrane     (b. 1885 - d. 1958)
 6 May 1941 - 31 Aug 1946  Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith     (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
                             (in Simla, India exile 15 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Japanese Military Commanders (of 15th Army; from 18 Mar 1943, Burma Area Army)
20 Apr 1942 - 18 Mar 1943  Shōjirō Iida                       (b. 1888 - d. 1980)  Mil
18 Mar 1943 - 30 Aug 1944  Masakazu Kawabe                    (b. 1886 - d. 1965)  Mil
30 Aug 1944 - 15 Aug 1945  Heitarō Kimura                     (b. 1888 - d. 1948)  Mil
Head of the Burmese Administration
 1 Aug 1942 -  1 Aug 1943  Ba Maw                             (b. 1893 - d. 1977)  FB
Supreme Chief of State (title Naingngandaw Adipadi)
 1 Aug 1943 -  3 May 1945  Ba Maw                             (s.a.)               FB:1944 MB
Director of the British Military Administration
 1 Jan 1944 - 16 Oct 1945  Lord Louis Francis Mountbatten     (b. 1900 - d. 1979)  Mil
Chief Civil Affairs Officers, Civil Affairs Service (Burma)
 1 Jan 1944 - 10 May 1945  Charles Frederick Byrde Pearce     (b. 1892 - d. 1946)  Mil
10 May 1945 -  1 Feb 1946  Hubert Elvin Rance                 (b. 1898 - d. 1974)  Mil
Governor
31 Aug 1946 -  4 Jan 1948  Sir Hubert Elvin Rance             (s.a.)
State Presidents (and from 2 Mar 1974, Presidents of the Council of State)
 4 Jan 1948 - 12 Mar 1952  Saw Shwe Thaik (provisional)       (b. 1896 - d. 1962)  AFPFL
13 Mar 1952 - 12 Mar 1957  Ba U                               (b. 1887 - d. 1963)  AFPFL
13 Mar 1957 -  2 Mar 1962  Win Maung                          (b. 1916 - d. 1989)  AFPFL
 2 Mar 1962 -  9 Nov 1981  Ne Win (Shu Maung)                 (b. 1911 - d. 2002)  Mil;
                             (chairman of Revolutionary Council to 2 Mar 1974)     1972 PSPB
 9 Nov 1981 - 27 Jul 1988  San Yu                             (b. 1918 - d. 1996)  PSPB
27 Jul 1988 - 12 Aug 1988  Sein Lwin                          (b. 1924 - d. 2004)  PSBP
12 Aug 1988 - 19 Aug 1988  Aye Ko (acting)                    (b. 1921 - d. 2006)  PSBP
19 Aug 1988 - 18 Sep 1988  Maung Maung                        (b. 1925 - d. 1994)  PSBP
Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)
18 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992  Saw Maung                          (b. 1928 - d. 1997)  Mil
23 Apr 1992 - 15 Nov 1997  Than Shwe                          (b. 1933)            Mil
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council
15 Nov 1997 - 30 Mar 2011  Than Shwe                          (s.a.)             Mil;2010 USDP
State Presidents
30 Mar 2011 - 30 Mar 2016  Thein Sein                         (b. 1945)            USDP
30 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2018  Htin Kyaw                          (b. 1946)            NLD
21 Mar 2018 - 30 Mar 2018  Myint Swe (1st time)(provisional)  (b. 1951)            USDP
30 Mar 2018 -  1 Feb 2021  Win Myint                          (b. 1951)            NLD
 1 Feb 2021 -              Myint Swe (2nd time)(provisional)  (s.a.)               USDP
22 Jul 2024 -              Min Aung Hlaing                    (b. 1956)            Mil
                             (acting for Myint Swe)
Chairman of the State Administrative Council
 2 Feb 2021 -              Min Aung Hlaing                    (s.a.)               Mil

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio)
Jan 1923 - 1924            Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi          (s.a.)               PrP
1924 - 1929                Ba Yin
1929 - 1932                Ba Tin
Dec 1932 - 1934            Kyaw Din
Apr 1934 - 1937            Ba Pe                              (b. 1883 - d. 19..)  PP
Deputy Chairmen of the Executive Council
 1 Apr 1937 - 20 Feb 1939  Ba Maw (1st time)                  (s.a.)               PMP
20 Feb 1939 -  9 Sep 1940  Maung Pu                           (b. 1881 - d. 1942)  UP 
 9 Sep 1940 - 19 Jan 1942  Saw                                (b. 1900 - d. 1948)  PP
19 Jan 1942 -  8 Mar 1942  Sir Paw Tun (1st time)             (b. 1883 - d. 1953)  PP
                            (in Simla, India exile 15 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Mar 1942 - May 1942        Tun Oke                            (b. 1907 - d. 1970)  FB
                            (chief administrator of the Central Government)
 3 Jun 1942 -  3 May 1945  Ba Maw (2nd time)                  (s.a.)               FB:1944 MB
 3 May 1945 -  3 Nov 1945  Vacant
 3 Nov 1945 - 28 Sep 1946  Sir Paw Tun (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Non-party
28 Sep 1946 - 19 Jul 1947  Aung San                           (b. 1915 - d. 1947)  AFPFL
24 Jul 1947 -  4 Jan 1948  Nu                                 (b. 1907 - d. 1995)  AFPFL
Prime ministers 
 4 Jan 1948 - 12 Jun 1956  Nu (1st time)                      (s.a.)               AFPFL
12 Jun 1956 -  1 Mar 1957  Ba Swe                             (b. 1915 - d. 1987)  AFPFL
 1 Mar 1957 - 29 Oct 1958  Nu (2nd time)                      (s.a.)               AFPFL
29 Oct 1958 -  4 Apr 1960  Ne Win (1st time)                  (s.a.)               Mil
 4 Apr 1960 -  2 Mar 1962  Nu (3rd time)                      (s.a.)               UnP
 2 Mar 1962 -  4 Mar 1974  Ne Win (2nd time)                  (s.a.)               Mil/PSBP
 4 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1977  Sein Win                           (b. 1919 - d. 1993)  Mil/PSPB
29 Mar 1977 - 26 Jul 1988  Maung Maung Kha                    (b. 1920 - d. 1995)  Mil/PSPB
26 Jul 1988 - 18 Sep 1988  Tun Tin                            (b. 1920 - d. 2020)  Mil/PSBP
21 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992  Saw Maung                          (s.a.)               Mil
24 Apr 1992 - 25 Aug 2003  Than Shwe                          (s.a.)               Mil
25 Aug 2003 - 19 Oct 2004  Khin Nyunt                         (b. 1939)            Mil
19 Oct 2004 - 12 Oct 2007  Soe Win                            (b. 1949 - d. 2007)  Mil
18 May 2007 - 30 Mar 2011  Thein Sein                         (s.a.)             Mil;2010 USDP
                             (acting [for Soe Win to 12 Oct 2007] to 24 Oct 2007)
 1 Apr 2011 -  1 Aug 2021  Post abolished
State Counselor
 6 Apr 2016 -  1 Feb 2021  Aung San Suu Kyi (f)               (b. 1945)             NLD
Prime Minister
 1 Aug 2021 -              Min Aung Hlaing                    (s.a.)                Mil

British India Residents
(in Ava; Oct 1838-Jul 1839 Amarapura; 12 Jun 1837-Oct 1838 and 22 Jul 1839 Rangoon)
 6 Nov 1833 - Oct 1837     Henry Burney                       (b. 1792 - d. 1845)
Oct 1837 - 13 Jul 1838     George Thomas Bayfield (acting)    (b. 1806 - d. 1840)
13 Jul 1838 - Mar 1839     Richard Benson                     (b. 1785 - d. 1858)
Mar 1839 -  7 Jan 1840     William Couperus McLeod (Macleod)  (b. 1805 - d. 1880)
                             (acting)
Jan 1840 - 1862            Vacant
British Residents (at Mandalay)
1862 - 1864                Clement Williams                   (b. 1833 - d. 1879)
1864 - 1869                Edward Bosc Sladen                 (s.a.)
1869 - 1872                Alexander Ruxton McMahon           (b. 1830 - d. 1899)
1872 - 1875                George Augustus Strover            (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
1875 - 1878                Harvey Tuckett Duncan              (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
1878 - 15 Jun 1879         Robert Barkley Shaw                (b. 1839 - d. 1879)
15 Jun 1879 - 29 Aug 1879  Horace Albert Browne (acting)      (b. 1831 - d. 1914)
29 Aug 1879 -  6 Oct 1879  Henry Lewis (Browne) St. Barbe     (b. 1849? - d. 1886)
                             (charge d'affaires)    
 6 Oct 1879 -  1 Jan 1886  Vacant
British Assistant Political Agents (in Bhamo)
1869 - 1872                George Augustus Strover            (s.a.)
1872 - 1873                Horace Ralph Spearman              (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
1873 - May 1877            Crawford Boyd Cooke                (b. 1855 - d. 1925)
                             (acting to Feb 1874)
1877 - 1878                Thomas Thornville Cooper           (b. 1839 - d. 1878)
1878 - 1879                Henry Lewis (Browne) St. Barbe     (s.a.)
Japanese Superintendents, Military Administration Department
(from Mar 1943, Burmese Army Administration Department)(all Commanders, Japanese 15th Army)
15 Mar 1942 - 24 Jul 1942  Yoshio Nasu                        (b. 1897 - d. 1993)
25 Jul 1942 - 30 Nov 1942  Haruki Isayama                     (b. 1894 - d. 1990)
 1 Dec 1942 -  1 Aug 1943  Eitarō Naka                        (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
Special Advisor on Economics and Finance (Japanese Proconsul)
Dec 1943 -  1 Apr 1945     Gōtarō Ogawa                       (b. 1876 - d. 1945)

National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

 5 Feb 2021                Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), representing a
                             group of NLD lawmakers and members of parliament ousted in the 1
                             Feb 2021 Myanmar coup, is formed.
 9 Mar 2021                CRPH names Mahn Win Khaing Than acting Vice President of Myanmar.
16 Apr 2021                National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of
                             Myanmar (NUG) government in exile is formed by the CRPH.

Acting Vice President and Acting President in the Acting Cabinet of the
Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
 9 Mar 2021 - 16 Apr 2021  Mahn Win Khaing Than               (b. 1952)             NLD
President of the National Unity Government
16 Apr 2021 -              Duwa Lashi La (acting)             (b. 1950)             KNCC+NUCC

Prime minister of the National Unity Government
16 Apr 2021 -              Mahn Win Khaing Than               (s.a.)                NLD+NUCC

National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma in exile (1990-2012)

18 Dec 1990                National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
                             established at Manerplaw by NLD and other opposition parties.
27 Jan 1995                Manerplaw captured by government forces, NCGUB moves to Sweden.
16 Jul 1995                Reorganized as the democratic government of Burma.
Dec 1997                   Proposed First Draft Constitution published.
14 Sep 2012                Dissolved to aid the reform process in Myanmar.

 ¹Not strictly a name change, just a new version to be used internationally of the same Burmese name (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw) that before 1989 was translated as Union of Burma. 

Territorial Disputes: Over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 912,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Rakhine State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; fencing along the India-Burma international border at Manipur's Moreh town is in progress to check illegal drug trafficking and movement of militants; over 100,000 mostly Karen refugees and asylum seekers fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma were living in remote camps in Thailand near the border as of May 2017.

Party abbreviations: KNCC = Kachin National Consultative Council; NUCC = National Unity Consultative Council (anti-Military coup alliance of 28 ethnic armed organizations and the Bamar majority including the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, est.8 Mar 2021); USDP = Union Solidarity and Development Party (military-backed state party 2011-2016, est.Jun 2010); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AFPFL = Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (leftist, nationalist, pro-independence, 1944-1962); FB = Burma Freedom Bloc (Bama Htwet Yat Gaing, later renamed Dobama-Sinyetha Asiayone [We Burma-Poor Man's Association], Oct 1939-1944, renamed MB); MB = Maha Bama (Greater Burma, Burmese nationalist, 1944-1946); NLD = National League for Democracy (democratic-socialist, center-left, originally won 27 May 1990 election, banned 6 May 2010 - 13 Dec 2011 and from 28 Mar 2023, est.27 Sep 1988); PMP = Poor Man's Party ("Hsinyeitha," 1935-Oct 1939, merged with Dobama Asiayon and All Burma Students Union into FB); PP = Patriot's Party ("Myochit," 1938-1947); PP = People's Party (Burma nationalist, merger of Nationalist Party, Home Rule Party and Swaraj Party, 1926-c.1932); PND = Party of National Democracy (sister party of NLD, 1988-20 Dec 1990, banned); PrP = Progressive Party (1922-1925); PSPB = Party of the Socialist Program of Burma ("Lanzin", socialist, 1962-88, only legal party 23 Mar 1964 - 18 Sep 1988); UnP = Union Party ("Pyidaungsu," split form AFPFL, 1960-1962); UP = United Party (pro-constitution, 1936-1942)

1298                       Kingdom of Pinya
1364                       Incorporated into Awa (Burma).
19 Dec 1599                Kingdom of Taungu (Toungoo).
15 Apr 1752                Re-incorporated into Awa.

Kings
 4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714  Sanay                             (b. 1673 - d. 1714)
                             (Thiri Maha Thihathura Thudhammayaza)
12 Sep 1714 - 23 Nov 1733  Taninganway                       (b. 1689 - d. 1733)
                             (Thiri Pawara Mahadhammaraja Dibati Hsengphyusheng)
23 Nov 1733 - 15 Apr 1752  Mahadammayaza Dipati              (b. 1714 - d. 1754)
                             (Mahadhammaraja Dibati)

11 May 1824                British occupy Rangoon (from Nov 1824 Pegu occupied).
1824 - 1826                Tenasserim under the supervision of Penang.
24 Feb 1826                British annex Arakan, Tenasserim, and the coast to
                             British India. Pegu is restored to Burma.
20 Dec 1852                British annex Pegu.
31 Jan 1862                Arakan, Pegu and Tenasserim are united a separate British 
                             (Lower) Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Burma a separate British colony.
 4 Jan 1948                Part of independent Burma. 

Tenasserim

Military commander
11 May 1824 - 1826         Sir Archibald Campbell             (b. 1769 - d. 1843)
Commissioners in the Tenasserim Provinces
1826 - 1828                Sir Archibald Campbell             (s.a.)
1828 - Jul 1833            Anthony de la Combe Maingy         (b. 1795 - d. 1865)
1833 - 1843                Edmund Augustus Blundell           (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
Apr 1843 - 1844            George Broadfoot                   (b. 1807 - d. 1845)
Sep 1844 - 1846            Henry Marion Durand                (b. 1812 - d. 1871)
1846 - 1849                John Russell Colvin                (b. 1807 - d. 1857)
1849 - 1857                Archibald Bogle                    (b. 1805 - d. 1870)
                             (from 9 Dec 1853, Sir Archibald Bogle)
Apr 1857 - 1862            Albert Fytche                      (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
1858 - 1860                Henry Hopkinson (acting for Fytche)(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
Commissioners of Tenasserim Province
1862 - Mar 1867            Albert Fytche                      (s.a.)
1867 - 1872                David Brown                        (b. 1823 - d. 1911)
1872 - 1876                Edward Bosc Sladen                 (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
1876 - 1878                Richard Drapes Ardagh              (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1879 - Oct 1883            Alexander Gordon Duff              (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
Oct 1883 - 1886            William Charles Plant              (b. 1836 - d. 1898)

825                        (Mon) Kingdom of Talaing (Pegu) comprises part of
                             present-day southeastern Burma and west-central Thailand.
1044 - 1287                Under rule of Kingdom of Pagan.
1539 - 1580                Burmese occupation.
Jan 1551                   Burmese occupation; part of Kingdom of Awa. 
1740                       Kingdom of Pegu briefly recovers independence during
                            the collapse of Awa.
 2 May 1757                Re-incorporation into Awa. 
Nov 1824 - 24 Feb 1826     British occupy Pegu.
20 Dec 1852                Annexed to British India as part (division) of Bengal.
31 Jan 1862                Along with Arakan and Tenasserim part of British
                             (Lower) Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Part of separate colony of Burma.

Kings
1740 - 1747                Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 
1747 -  2 May 1757         Binnya Dala                        (d. 1774)
Commissioners of Pegu
1824 - 1826                Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
20 Dec 1852 - 31 Jan 1862  Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1862 - Apr 1863            Thomas Phillips Sparks             (b. 1819 - d. 1863)
23 Apr 1863 - 1865         Samuel Richard Tickell             (b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1865 - 1878                Richard Drapes Ardagh              (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1878 - 1880                Horace Albert Browne               (b. 1831 - d. 1914)
1881                       George James Spence Hodgkinson     (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
                             (acting)
1881 - 1886                Charles Walker Street              (b. 1835 - d. 1890)

3325 BC                    Kingdom of Arakan founded according to legend.
c.825 AD                   First recorded dynasty.
31 Dec 1784                Conquered by Awa (Burma).
24 Feb 1826                Arakan (then spelled Arracan) annexed by Britain, part (division)
                             of Bengal (which is part of British India). 
31 Jan 1862                Along with Tenasserim and Pegu part of British (Lower)
                             Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Part of separate colony of Burma.

Kings
1698 - 1700                Naradipati I
1700 - 1706                Sandawimala I                     (d. 1734)
1706 - 1710                Sandathuriya I
1710 - 1731                Sandawizaya                       (d. 1731)
1731 - 1734                Sandathuriya II
1734 - 1735                Naradipati II
1735 - 1736                Narapawara
1737                       Sandawizaya II (Sandawizala)
1737                       Katya
1737 - 1742                Madarit
1742 - 1761                Nara Apaya
1761                       Thirithu
1761 - 1764                Sandaparama
1764 - 1773                Apaya
1773 - 1777                Sandathumana
1777                       Sandawimala II
1777 - 1782                Sandathaditha
1782 - 31 Dec 1784         Thamada
31 Dec 1784 - 24 Feb 1826  annexed by Awa
British Agent to the Governor General in Arakan (Arracan)
(from 25 Aug 1825, and Commissioner of Arakan)
25 Apr 1825 - 1826         Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
Bengal Government Senior Commissioners in Arakan (Arracan)
 9 Jun 1826 - 1829         Richard Hunter
1829                       Charles Paton                      (b. 1791 - d. 1830)
Bengal Government Superintendents of Arakan (Arracan)
(subordinated to the  commissioner of Chittagong)
1829 - 1830                Charles Paton                      (s.a.)
21 Dec 1830 - 1834         Thomas Dickinson                   (b. 1789 - d. 1859)
Commissioners of Arakan
1834 - 1837                Thomas Dickinson                   (s.a.)
1837 - 1849                Archibald Bogle                    (b. 1805 - d. 1870)
Mar 1849 - 1852            Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1852 - 1858                Henry Hopkinson                    (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
 6 Dec 1858 -  9 Apr 1867  George Verner                      (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
10 Apr 1867 - 23 Apr 1867  Edward Moody Ryan (1st time)       (b. 1824 - d. 1879)
                             (acting)
24 Apr 1867 - 24 Oct 1872  James Francis John Stevenson       (b. 1822 - d. 1873)
                             (1st time)
25 Oct 1872 - 23 Jan 1873  Horatio Nelson Davies (1st time)   (b. 1827 - d. 1888)
                             (acting)
23 Jan 1873 - Dec 1873     James Francis John Stevenson       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1873 -  7 Feb 1876     Edward Moody Ryan (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 8 Feb 1876 - 29 Feb 1876  Horatio Nelson Davies (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 1 Mar 1876 - 13 Sep 1878  Edward Bosc Sladen (1st time)      (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
14 Sep 1878 - 10 Dec 1878  William Charles Plant (1st time)   (b. 1836 - d. 1898)
                             (acting)
11 Dec 1878 -  6 Jun 1880  George James Spence Hodgkinson     (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
                             (1st time)
 7 Jun 1880 - 22 Jun 1880  William Charles Plant (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
23 Jun 1880 - 31 Aug 1880  William de Courcy Ireland (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
 1 Sep 1880 - 26 Oct 1880  George James Spence Hodgkinson     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
27 Oct 1880 - 12 Aug 1883  Edward Bosc Sladen (2nd time)      (s.a.)
13 Aug 1883 - 13 Nov 1883  George Augustus Strover (acting)   (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
14 Nov 1883 -  3 Nov 1885  Edward Bosc Sladen (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 4 Nov 1885 - 17 Dec 1885  John Kenneth MacRae (acting)       (b. 1831 - d. 1910)
18 Dec 1885 - 26 Jul 1886  George Douglas Burgess             (b. 1847 - d. 1898)