Niger
-
- 23 Jul 1900 - 23 Nov
1959
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-
- Adopted 23 Nov
1959
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Map
of Niger
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Hear
National Anthem
"La Nigerienne"
(The Song of Niger)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted Jul 1961
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Constitution
(29 Nov 2010,
in French)
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Former Constitutions
(18
Aug 2009-18 Feb 2010 and
9
Aug 1999 - 18 Aug 2009;
in French) |
Capital:
Niamey
(Zinder 1911-28 Dec
1926;
Niamey 1903-1911;
Sorbo-Haoussa 1900-1903)
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Currency:
Communauté
Financière
Africaine
Franc
(XOF) |
National
Holiday: 18 Dec (1958)
Republic Day
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Population:
19,866,231 (2018)
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GDP: $21.86
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$4.14 billion (2017)
Imports: $1.83
billion (2017)
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Ethnic
groups: Hausa 55.4%,
Zarma-Songhai-Dendi 21%,
Taureg 9.3%, Fulani
(Peul) 8.5%, Kanouri-Nanga (Beri Beri) 4.7%,
Diffa Arab, Teda, Toubou,
Gourmantche & other 1.1% (2001) |
Total Active
Armed Forces: 5,300 (2010)
U.S. Forces: 800 (2017)
Merchant
marine: 1 ship (2018)
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Religions:
Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist
0.2%,
none 0.1% (2012)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACP,
AfCFTA,
AfDB, APM, AU, BCEAO, BTWC,
CCM, CD, CEMAC, CEN-SAD, CTBT, CWC, ECOWAS, EITI,
ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO (correspondent), ITSO,
ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC,
OIF, OPCW, OST, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC,
UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional),
WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Niger
Index
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Chronology
6 Sep 1880 - 18 Aug
1890 Part of French
territory of Upper Senegal (Haut-
Sénégal)(see under Mali),
within French West
Africa (see Senegal).
18 Aug 1890 - 17 Oct
1899 Part of French Sudan (Soudan
Français)(see Mali).
17 Oct 1899 - 1 Jan
1911 Part of Upper
Senegal and Middle Niger (Haut-Sénégal
et Moyen-Niger;
renamed Haut-Sénégal-Niger
[Upper
Senegal and
Niger])(see Mali).
23 Jul
1900
French autonomous Military Territory
of Zinder,
(Territoire militaire de
Zinder), part of
French
West
Africa.
22 Jun
1910
Niger Military Territory (Territoire
militaire du
Niger)(including
the cercle de Gao
and cercle de
Tibesti).
21 Jun
1911
Gao cercle
ceded to French Sudan (Mali).
4 Dec
1920
Niger Territory (Territoire du Niger).
26 Dec
1922
French Colony of Niger (Colonie du
Niger).
18 Feb
1930
Tibesti cercle ceded to Chad
colony.
1 Jan 1933 - 27 Sep 1947
Haute-Volta is dissolved and the
Cercle de Dori
Cercle de Fada N'Gourma made
part of Niger.
16 Jun 1940 - 23 Nov 1942
Administration loyal to Vichy France
(from 23 Nov
1942 [under Darlan to 24 Dec 1942],
Free French).
13 Oct
1946
Niger overseas territory of France.
18 Dec
1958
Autonomy (Republic of Niger [République
du Niger]).
18 Dec 1958 - 2 Aug
1960 Member State of the Communauté
(French Community).
2 Aug 1960
Niger acceded to
sovereignty and independence in
accordance with a special agreement
signed by
France and Niger on 11 Jul 1960 in
Paris.
3 Aug
1960
Independence of Niger is proclaimed.
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Traditional
States
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Commandants
20 Dec 1900 -
1901
Étienne
Péroz
(b. 1857 - d. 1910)
13 Nov 1901 - 1902
Henri Joseph Eugène
Gouraud (b.
1867 - d. 1946)
3 Nov 1902 - 1903
François
Marie Noël
(b. 1858 - d. 1912)
Nov 1903 - 1906
Joseph Gauderique
Aymerich
(b. 1857 - d. 1937)
1906 - 1907
Grégoire Ignace Dominique
Lamolle (b. 1855 - d. 1925)
Jan 1907 - 1908
Marc
Cristofari
(b. 1860 - d. 1922)
Aug 1908 - Feb 1910
Paul Célestin Marie
Joseph Venel (b. 1864 - d. 1920)
(1st time)
Feb 1910 - 22 Jun 1910
... Seal (acting)
22 Jun 1910 - 27 Sep 1911 Paul Célestin Marie
Joseph Venel (s.a.)
(2nd time)
27 Sep 1911 -
1912 Adolphe
Charles Léon Hocquart
(b. 1861 - d. 1913)
1912 - 24 Feb
1913
Charles Camille Thierry de Maugras (b. 1860 - d. 19..)
(acting)
Commissioners
24 Feb 1913 - 4 Dec 1913 Charles
Camille Thierry de Maugras (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Dec 1913 - 15 Nov 1915
Paul Célestin Marie Joseph Venel (s.a.)
15 Nov 1915 - 24 Jan 1918 Charles Henry
Mourin
(b. 1863 - d. 19..)
24 Jan 1918 -
1919
Marie Joseph Félix
Méchet
(b. 1870 - d. 1926)
Aug 1919 -
1920
Claude Paul Émile Lefebvre (b.
1878 - d. 19..)
1920 - 5 Jul
1920
Maurice Gustave Fernand Renauld (b.
1873 - d. 1953)
(acting)
5 Jul 1920 -
1921
Lucien Émile Rueff
1921 - 26 Dec
1922
Joseph Jules
Brévié
(b. 1880 - d. 1964)
Lieutenant governors
26 Dec 1922 - 9 Oct 1929 Joseph
Jules
Brévié
(s.a.)
23 Mar 1923 - Sep 1925
Léonce Jore (acting for Brévié) (b.
1882 - d. 1975)
9 Oct 1929 - 21 Nov 1929
Jean-Baptiste Robert Fayout
(b. 1875 - d. 19..)
(acting)
21 Nov 1929 - 30 Oct 1930 Alphonse
Paul Albert Choteau
(b. 1883 - d. 1936)
30 Oct 1930 - 9 Sep 1931 Louis
Placide
Blacher
(b. 1883 - d. 1960)
9 Sep 1931 - 25 May 1933
Théophile Antoine Pascal Tellier (b. 1872 -
d. 1955)
25 May 1933 - May 1934
Maurice Léon
Bourgine
(b. 1879 - d. 1963)
May 1934 - 16 Mar 1935
Léon Charles Adolphe Pêtre
(b. 1881 - d. 1956)
16 Mar 1935 - 29 Apr 1938 Joseph Urbain
Court
(b. 1881 - d. 1948)
29 Apr 1938 - 18 Feb 1939 Jean-Baptiste
Victor Chazelas (b. 1885 -
d. 1953)
(acting)
18 Feb 1939 - 7 Nov 1940 Jean
Alexandre Léon
Rapenne (b.
1901 - d. 1952)
7 Nov 1940 - 8 Dec
1940 Léon Solomiac
(acting)
(b. 1873 - d. 1960)
8 Dec 1940 - 4 Mar
1942 Maurice Émile
Falvy
(b. 1888 - d. 1970)
4 Mar 1942 - 21 Dec 1954
Jean-François
Toby
(b. 1900 - d. 1964)
(acting to Dec 1942)
30 Apr 1946 - 13 Oct 1946 Jacques Pierre
Gosselin
(b. 1897 - d. 1953)
(acting for Toby)
24 Nov 1948 - 25 Feb 1949 Lucien
Eugène Geay
(b. 1900 - d. 1976)
(acting for Toby)
25 Feb 1949 - 29 Mar 1950 Igance
Colombani
(b. 1908 - d. 1988)
(acting for Toby)
11 Feb 1952 - 23 Feb 1953 Fernand Gaston
Georges Émile (b.
1896 - d. 1985)
Robert Casimir (acting for Toby)
21 Dec 1954 - 3 Nov 1956 Jean Paul
Ramadier
(b. 1913 - d. 1968)
3 Nov 1956 - 29 Jan 1958
Paul Camille
Bordier
(b. 1921 - d. 2003)
29 Jan 1958 - 25 Aug 1958 Louis Félix
Rollet
(acting) (b.
1915 - d. 2001)
High commissioner
25 Aug 1958 - 3 Aug 1960 Jean
Colombani
(b. 1903 - d. 1977)
President
3 Aug 1960 - 15 Apr 1974 Hamani
Diori
(b. 1916 - d. 1989) PPN-RDA
(president of the council to 10 Nov 1960)
Presidents of the Supreme Military Council,
Heads of State
15 Apr 1974 - 10 Nov 1987 Seyni
Kountché
(b. 1931 - d. 1987) Mil
(army chief of staff to 17 Apr
1974)
10 Nov 1987 - 17 May 1989 Ali Saïbou
(b. 1940 - d. 2011) Mil
(interim to 14 Nov 1987)
President of the Supreme Council of National
Orientation, Head of State
17 May 1989 - 18 Dec 1989 Ali Saïbou
(s.a.)
MNSD
Presidents
18 Dec 1989 - 16 Apr 1993 Ali Saïbou
(s.a.)
MNSD
16 Apr 1993 - 27 Jan 1996 Mahamane
Ousmane
(b.
1950)
CDS
President of the National Salvation Council
27 Jan 1996 - 7 Aug 1996 Ibrahim
Maïnassara Baré
(b. 1949 - d. 1999) Mil
Presidents
7 Aug 1996 - 9 Apr
1999 Ibrahim Maïnassara Baré
(s.a.)
UNIRD;1997 RDP
9 Apr 1999 - 11 Apr 1999
Ibrahim Assane Mayaki (acting) (b.
1951)
UNIRD
Chairman of the Military Junta
9 Apr 1999 - 11 Apr 1999 Djibrilla
Hamidou
Hima (b.
1965) Mil
President of the National Reconciliation Council, Head
of State
11 Apr 1999 - 22 Dec 1999 Daouda Malam
Wanké
(b. 1954 - d. 2004) Mil
President
22 Dec 1999 - 18 Feb 2010 Mamadou
Tandja
(b. 1938 - d. 2020) MNSD
President of Supreme Council for the
Restoration of Democracy,
(from 20 Feb 2010) Head of State
18 Feb 2010 - 7 Apr 2011 Salou
Djibo
(b. 1965) Mil
Presidents
7 Apr 2011 - 2 Apr 2021
Mahamadou
Issoufou
(b. 1952) PNDS
2 Apr 2021 -
Mohamed
Bazoum
(b.
1960)
PNDS
Vice President of the Council of Government
20 May 1957 - 26 Jul 1958 Djibo
Bakary
(b. 1922 - d. 1998) PRA
Presidents of the Government Council
26 Jul 1958 - 10 Oct 1958 Djibo
Bakary
(s.a.)
PRA
18 Dec 1958 - 25 Feb 1959 Hamani
Diori
(s.a.)
PPN-RDA
25 Feb 1959 - 3 Aug 1960 Hamani
Diori
(s.a.)
PPN-RDA
President of the Council
3 Aug 1960 - 10 Nov 1960 Hamani
Diori
(s.a.)
PPN-RDA
Prime ministers
10 Nov 1960 - 24 Jan 1983 Post
abolished
24 Jan 1983 - 14 Nov 1983 Mamane Oumarou
(1st
time)
(b.
1945)
Non-party
14 Nov 1983 - 15 Jul 1988 Ahmid
Algabid
(b.
1941)
Non-party
15 Jul 1988 - 20 Dec 1989 Mamane Oumarou
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
MNSD
20 Dec 1989 - 2 Mar 1990 Post
abolished
2 Mar 1990 - 27 Oct 1991
Aliou
Mahamidou
(b. 1936 - d. 1996) MNSD
27 Oct 1991 - 17 Apr 1993 Amadou
Cheiffou
(b.
1942)
Non-party
17 Apr 1993 - 28 Sep 1994 Mahamadou
Issoufou
(s.a.)
PNDS
28 Sep 1994 - 8 Feb 1995 Souley
Abdoulaye
(b.
1965)
CDS
8 Feb 1995 - 21 Feb 1995
Amadou Boubacar Cissé (1st time) (b.
1948)
Non-party
21 Feb 1995 - 27 Jan 1996 Hama Amadou
(1st
time)
(b.
1950)
MNSD-N
30 Jan 1996 - 21 Dec 1996 Boukary
Adji
(b. 1939 - d. 2018) Non-party
21 Dec 1996 - 27 Nov 1997 Amadou Boubacar
Cissé (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RDP
27 Nov 1997 - 3 Jan 2000 Ibrahim
Aassane
Mayaki
(s.a.)
UNIRD
3 Jan 2000 - 7 Jun
2007 Hama Amadou (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
MNSD-N
7 Jun 2007 - 23 Sep 2009 Seyni
Oumarou
(b. 1950)
MNSD-N
23 Sep 2009 - 8 Oct 2009 Albadé
Abouba (acting)
MNSD-N
8 Oct 2009 - 18 Feb 2010 Ali Badjo
Gamatié
(b. 1957)
MNSD-N
18 Feb 2010 - 23 Feb 2010 Vacant
23 Feb 2010 - 7 Apr 2011
Mahamadou
Danda
(b. 1951)
Non-party
7 Apr 2011 - 3
Apr 2021 Brigi Rafini
(b.
1953) PNDS
3 Apr 2021 -
Ouhoumoudou
Mahamadou
(b. 1954)
PNDS
Territorial Disputes: Libya claims
about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the
Tommo region; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint
is unresolved; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the
Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the
delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger
and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; the dispute with Burkina
Faso was referred to the ICJ in 2010.
Party abbreviations: CDS
= Convention Démocratique et Sociale-Rahama
(Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama,
centrist, est.1991); MNSD-N
= Mouvement National pour la Société du
Développement-Nassara (National
Movement for the Society of Development-Nassara,
liberal conservative, center-right, former
MNSD, est.1991); PNDS
= Parti Nigerien pour la Democratie et le
Socialisme-Tarayya (Nigerien Party for
Democracy and Socialism-Gathering, social-democratic,
est.1990); RDP = Rassemblement pour la
Démocratie et le Progrès-Jama'a (Rally for Democracy and
Progress-Jama'a, 1997-99, ruling party est.1997); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties:
MNSD = Mouvement
National pour la Société du Développement
(National Movement for the Society of Development,
conservative, 1989-1990 was
only legal party, 1990-1991, then MNSD-N);
PPN-RDA = Parti Progressiste Nigérien-Rassemblement
Démocratique Africain (Nigerien Progressive Party-African
Democratic Rally, nationalist, pan-African, 1960-1974 de
facto state legal party, 1946-1974); PRA =
Parti du Regroupement Africain (African
Regroupment Party, 1958-1960); UNIRD
= Union Nationale des Indépendants
pour le Renouveau Démocratique (National
Union of Independents for Democratic Renewal,
authoritarian, 1996-1999)
© Ben Cahoon
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