San Marino

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San Marino

[San Marino flag before 1466 to
before 1797]

bf.1465 - bf.1797

[San
Marino former flag bf.1797-2011]

bf.1797 - 22 Jul 2011

(State Flag from 6 Apr 1862)

[Republic of
San Marino flag]

State Flag Adopted 22 Jul 2011

[San
Marino civil flag (San Marino)]

Civil Flag

Map of San Marino Hear National Anthem
“Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)
Adopted 11 Sep 1894
(No official lyrics) Former National Anthem
"Antico Inno Patrio"
(Old Patriotic Hymn) aka
Giubilanti d'amore fraterno"
(Jubilant Brotherly Love)
(de facto to 1894) Constitution (Statuta Decreta
Reipublicae Sancti Marini)
(8 Oct 1600/12 Jul 1974)
(text of 1834 version)

Capital: San Marino
(Città di San Marino)
Currency: Euro (EUR);
1865-28 Feb 2002 San Marino
Lira (SML) & Italian Lira (ITL) National Holiday: 3 Sep (301)
Festa di San Marino e della fondazione della Repubblica
(Feast of Saint Marinus and the Foundation of the Republic) Population: 35,095 (2024)

GDP: $2.21 billion (2021) Exports: $3.42 billion (2021)
Imports: $2.93 billion (2021)
(full customs union with Italy) Ethnic groups: Sammarinese 85.7%, Italian 13%,
other 1.3% (2003)

Public Security Forces: 160 (2012)
Defense is the Responsibility of Italy
Merchant marine: None (2024) Religions: Christian (majority Roman Catholic) 91.5%,
agnostic 5.6%, atheist 1.9%, and other 1% (2021)

International Organizations/Treaties: ANT, APM, BTWC, CE, CTBT, CWC, EBRD, ESCR, Eutelsat, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, IRENA, ISA, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), LU, NAM (guest), NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OSCE, OST, PAM, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO (observer)

San Marino Chronology
3 Sep 301 City founded according to tradition by Saint Marinus (b. c.275 - d. 366);successively known as the Castro Sancti Marini [Castello di San Marino] (Castle of San Marino), Terra di San Marino(Land of San Marino), Terra di Libertà di San Marino (Territory of the Liberty of San Marino) and Comune del Castello di San Marino(Commune ofthe Castle of San Marino).c.1234 - 1443 Under the protection of Montefeltro. 1247 - 1249 Under Papal interdict for its Ghibelline support. 20 Jul 1253 Casole (Casoli) purchased from Montefeltro.1291 Independence recognized by the Pope, but remains under Papal protectorate. 10 Feb 1320 Chiesanuova voluntarily chose to join San Marino. 1443 - Apr 1502 Under the protection of Duchy of Urbino.1458 Faetano voluntarily to joins San Marino. 27 Jun 1463 Fiorentino and Montegiardinoadded from the lands of the Malatesta of Rimini by Pope Pius II. 19 Mar 1464 Serravalle added from the lands of the Malatesta of Rimini after negotiations. 1491 Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), style made statutory. Jun 1502 - Oct 1502 Papal occupation by Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b. 1475 - d. 1507). Dec 1502 - 18 Aug 1503 Papal occupation by Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (s.a.) who appointsErcole Spavaldoas Podesta, butSan Marino continues to elect Captains-regent, albeit for terms of only three months.Serravalle is granted to Rimini.18 Aug 1503 - 1 Jan 1625 Under Duchy of Urbino protection. 4 Jun 1543 Failed attempt by Fabiano Del Monte Di Monte San Savino (d. 1580), nephew of Pope Julius III, to seize San Marino at night. 8 Oct 1600 Constitution (byStatuta Decreta ac Ordinamenta Illustris Reipublicae ac Perpetuae Libertatis Terrae Sancti Marini). 1 Jan 1625 - 28 Oct 1739 Under Papalprotection(formalized 1631). 18 Oct 1739 - 28 Oct 1739 Papal State administration.28 Oct 1739 - 5 Feb 1740 Annexed to the Papal State(see Italian States). 5 Feb 1740 - 12 Feb 1797 Under Papal protection. 12 Feb 1797 - 11 Apr 1814 Under the protection of Napoléonruler of France. 11 Apr 1814 - 18 Mar 1860 Under Papal protection. 31 Jul 1849 - 2 Aug 1849 Giuseppe Garibaldi (b. 1807 - d. 1882) in refuge in San Marino. 22 Mar 1862 Independence recognized by Italy (confirmed 28 Jun 1872, 31 Mar 1939, and 10 Sep 1971). 25 Mar 1906 Referendum votes 94% to end oligarchic rule. 10 Aug 1944 - 20 Sep 1944 Occupied by German forces. 20 Sep 1944 - 20 Oct 1944 Occupied by Allied (British) forces. 20 Oct 2013 Referendum supports European Union membership 50.28% to 49.7% (but turnout does meet required minimum of 32% of registered voters).

Captains-regent (title Capitani Reggenti la Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino) 1 Oct 1699 - 1 Apr 1700 Francesco Maccioni (9th time) + Giovanni Antonio Fattori (3rd time) 1 Apr 1700 - 1 Oct 1700 Francesco Loli (7th time) + Baldassarre Tini (2nd time) (b. 16.. - d. 1719) 1 Oct 1700 - 1 Apr 1701 Ottavio Leonardelli (4th time) + Marino Beni (3rd time) 1 Apr 1701 - 1 Oct 1701 Alfonso Tosini (6th time) + Francesco Moracci (1st time) 1 Oct 1701 - 1 Apr 1702 Giuliano Belluzzi (5th time) + Lorenzo Giangi (7th time) 1 Apr 1702 - 1 Oct 1702 Giuseppe Loli (2nd time) + Melchiorre Martelli (6th time) 1 Oct 1702 - 1 Apr 1703 Giovanni Antonio Belluzzi (4th time) + Gaspare Calbini (5th time) 1 Apr 1703 - 1 Oct 1703 Bernardino Leonardelli (3rd time) + Giovanni Antonio Fattori (4th time) 1 Oct 1703 - 1 Apr 1704 Onofrio Onofri (3rd time) + Baldassarre Tini (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1704 - 1 Oct 1704 Ottavio Leonardelli (5th time) + Pietro Francini (5th time) 1 Oct 1704 - 1 Apr 1705 Giambattista Tosini (7th time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (1st time) 1 Apr 1705 - 1 Oct 1705 Gian Giacomo Angeli (1st time) + Lorenzo Giangi (8th time) 1 Oct 1705 - 1 Apr 1706 Giuseppe Loli (3rd time) + Melchiorre Martelli (7th time) 1 Apr 1706 - 1 Oct 1706 Giovanni Cionini (1st time) + Gaspare Calbini (6th time) 1 Oct 1706 - 1 Apr 1707 Francesco Maccioni (10th time) + Giambattista Ceccoli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1707 - 1 Oct 1707 Onofrio Onofri (4th time) + Giuseppe Zampini (1st time) 1 Oct 1707 - 1 Apr 1708 Federico Gozi (1st time) (b. 1668 - d. 1743) + Francesco Moracci (2nd time) 1 Apr 1708 - 1 Oct 1708 Giuliano Belluzzi (6th time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1708 - 1 Apr 1709 Marino Enea Bonelli (1st time) + Baldassarre Tini (4th time) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1709 - 1 Oct 1709 Gian Giacomo Angeli (2nd time) + Francesco Giangi (1st time) 1 Oct 1709 - 1 Apr 1710 Giovanni Antonio Belluzzi (5th time) + Giovanni Antonio Fattori (5th time) 1 Apr 1710 - 1 Oct 1710 Giovanni Cionini (2nd time) + Melchiorre Martelli (8th time) 1 Oct 1710 - 1 Apr 1711 Francesco Maccioni (11th time) + Pietro Francini (6th time) 1 Apr 1711 - 1 Oct 1711 Giuseppe Loli (4th time) + Girolamo Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1711 - 1 Apr 1712 Federico Gozi (2nd time) (s.a.) + Giuseppe Zampini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1712 - 1 Oct 1712 Onofrio Onofri (5th time) + Giovanni Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1712 - 1 Apr 1713 Gian Giacomo Angeli (3rd time) + Bartolomeo Bedetti (1st time) 1 Apr 1713 - 1 Oct 1713 Giovanni Antonio Belluzzi (6th time) + Giovanni Antonio Fattori (6th time) 1 Oct 1713 - 1 Apr 1714 Giuliano Belluzzi (7th time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1714 - 1 Oct 1714 Giuseppe Onofri (1st time) + Lorenzo Giangi (9th time) 1 Oct 1714 - 1 Apr 1715 Giuseppe Loli (5th time) + Pietro Francini (7th time) 1 Apr 1715 - 1 Oct 1715 Giovanni Paolo Valloni (1st time) + Giuseppe Zampini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1715 - 1 Apr 1716 Bernardino Leonardelli (4th time) + Marino Enea Bonelli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1716 - 1 Oct 1716 Gian Giacomo Angeli (4th time) + Giovanni Martelli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1716 - 1 Apr 1717 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (1st time) + Bartolomeo Bedetti (2nd time) 1 Apr 1717 - 1 Oct 1717 Federico Gozi (3rd time) (s.a.) + Girolamo Martelli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1717 - 1 Apr 1718 Ottavio Leonardelli (6th time) + Francesco Giangi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1718 - 1 Oct 1718 Giuliano Belluzzi (8th time) + Marino Beni (4th time) 1 Oct 1718 - 1 Apr 1719 Tranquillo Manenti Belluzzi (1st time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (4th time) 1 Apr 1719 - 1 Oct 1719 Giovanni Paolo Valloni (2nd time) + Baldassarre Tini (5th time) (s.a.) (to ... 1719) + Francesco Moracci (3rd time) (from ... 1719) 1 Oct 1719 - 1 Apr 1720 Gian Giacomo Angeli (5th time) + Lorenzo Giangi (10th time) 1 Apr 1720 - 1 Oct 1720 Benedetto Belluzzi + Giovanni Martelli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1720 - 1 Apr 1721 Marino Enea Bonelli (3rd time) + Bartolomeo Bedetti (3rd time) 1 Apr 1721 - 1 Oct 1721 Federico Gozi (4th time) (s.a.) + Girolamo Martelli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1721 - 1 Apr 1722 Bernardino Leonardelli (5th time) + Francesco Giangi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1722 - 1 Oct 1722 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (2nd time) + Marino Beni (5th time) 1 Oct 1722 - 1 Apr 1723 Valerio Maccioni (1st time) + Pier Antonio Ugolini (1st time) 1 Apr 1723 - 1 Oct 1723 Giuseppe Onofri (2nd time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (5th time) 1 Oct 1723 - 1 Apr 1724 Pietro Loli + Giovanni Martelli (4th time) 1 Apr 1724 - 1 Oct 1724 Giovanni Paolo Valloni (3rd time) + Biagio Antonio Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1724 - 1 Apr 1725 Marino Enea Bonelli (4th time) + Bartolomeo Bedetti (4th time) 1 Apr 1725 - 1 Oct 1725 Gian Giacomo Angeli (6th time) + Lorenzo Giangi (11th time) 1 Oct 1725 - 1 Apr 1726 Federico Gozi (5th time) (s.a.) (resigned ... 1726, not replaced) + Marino Beni (6th time) 1 Apr 1726 - 1 Oct 1726 Tranquillo Manenti Belluzzi (2nd time) + Girolamo Martelli (4th time) 1 Oct 1726 - 1 Apr 1727 Valerio Maccioni (2nd time) + Pier Antonio Ugolini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1727 - 1 Oct 1727 Giuseppe Onofri (3rd time) + Tommaso Ceccoli (6th time) 1 Oct 1727 - 1 Apr 1728 Gentile Maria Maggio + Giovanni Martelli (5th time) 1 Apr 1728 - 1 Oct 1728 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (3rd time) + Biagio Antonio Martelli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1728 - 1 Apr 1729 Marino Enea Bonelli (5th time) + Bernardino Capicchioni 1 Apr 1729 - 1 Oct 1729 Giovanni Paolo Valloni (4th time) + Francesco Giangi (4th time) 1 Oct 1729 - 1 Apr 1730 Gian Giacomo Angeli (7th time) + Giovanni Andrea Beni 1 Apr 1730 - 1 Oct 1730 Valerio Maccioni (3rd time) + Pier Antonio Ugolini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1730 - 1 Apr 1731 Tranquillo Manenti Belluzzi (3rd time) + Girolamo Martelli (5th time) 1 Apr 1731 - 1 Oct 1731 Giuseppe Onofri (4th time) + Lodovico Anatucci (1st time) 1 Oct 1731 - 1 Apr 1732 Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli (1st time) + Bartolomeo Bedetti (5th time) 1 Apr 1732 - 1 Oct 1732 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (1st time) + Giovanni Martelli (6th time) 1 Oct 1732 - 1 Apr 1733 Valerio Maccioni (4th time) + Vincenzo Moracci (1st time) 1 Apr 1733 - 1 Oct 1733 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (4th time) + Giovanni Maria Giangi (1st time) 1 Oct 1733 - 1 Apr 1734 Giovanni Paolo Valloni (5th time) (absent, not replaced) + Giovanni Maria Beni (1st time) 1 Apr 1734 - 1 Oct 1734 Marino Enea Bonelli (6th time) + Tommaso Capicchioni (1st time) 1 Oct 1734 - 1 Apr 1735 Giuseppe Onofri (5th time) + Lodovico Anatucci (2nd time) 1 Apr 1735 - 1 Oct 1735 Tranquillo Manenti Belluzzi (4th time) + Biagio Antonio Martelli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1735 - 1 Apr 1736 Federico Tosini + Pier Antonio Ugolini (4th time) 1 Apr 1736 - 1 Oct 1736 Gian Giacomo Angeli (8th time) + Girolamo Martelli (6th time) 1 Oct 1736 - 1 Apr 1737 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (5th time) + Giovanni Maria Giangi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1737 - 1 Oct 1737 Valerio Maccioni (5th time) + Vincenzo Moracci (2nd time) 1 Oct 1737 - 1 Apr 1738 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (1st time) + Giuliano Malpeli 1 Apr 1738 - 1 Oct 1738 Giuseppe Onofri (6th time) + Giovanni Maria Beni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1738 - 1 Apr 1739 Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli (2nd time) + Giovanni Martelli (7th time) 1 Apr 1739 - 1 Oct 1739 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (2nd time) + Biagio Antonio Martelli (4th time) 1 Oct 1739 - 18 Oct 1739 Gian Giacomo Angeli (9th time) + Alfonso Giangi (1st time) Gonfalonier 18 Oct 1739 - 28 Oct 1739 Gian Giacomo AngeliPapal Governors (Governatore di S. Marino) 28 Oct 1739 - 26 Nov 1739 Gaspare Antonio Fogli 26 Nov 1739 - 5 Feb 1740 Amato Bartolucci Captains-regent 5 Feb 1740 - 1 Oct 1740 Marino Enea Bonelli (7th time) + Alfonso Giangi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1740 - 1 Apr 1741 Giuseppe Onofri (7th time) + Vincenzo Moracci (3rd time) 1 Apr 1741 - 1 Oct 1741 Giovanni Maria Giangi (3rd time) + Marino Tini (1st time) 1 Oct 1741 - 1 Apr 1742 Lodovico Belluzzi (1st time) + Pier Antonio Ugolini (5th time) 1 Apr 1742 - 1 Oct 1742 Girolamo Gozi (1st time) (b. 1702 - d. 1781) + Giovanni Martelli (8th time) 1 Oct 1742 - 1 Apr 1743 Biagio Antonio Martelli (5th time) + Domenico Bertoni (1st time) 1 Apr 1743 - 1 Oct 1743 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (2nd time) + Filippo Fabbrini (1st time) 1 Oct 1743 - 1 Apr 1744 Giacomo Begni (1st time) + Francesco Antonio Righi (1st time) 1 Apr 1744 - 1 Oct 1744 Giuseppe Onofri (8th time) + Alfonso Giangi (3rd time) 1 Oct 1744 - 1 Apr 1745 Giovanni Maria Giangi (4th time) + Vincenzo Moracci (4th time) 1 Apr 1745 - 1 Oct 1745 Giambattista Zampini (1st time) + Pompeo Zoli (1st time) 1 Oct 1745 - 1 Apr 1746 Girolamo Gozi (2nd time) (s.a.) + Tommaso Capicchioni (2nd time) 1 Apr 1746 - 1 Oct 1746 Lodovico Belluzzi (2nd time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini (1st time) 1 Oct 1746 - 1 Apr 1747 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (3rd time) + Domenico Bertoni (2nd time) 1 Apr 1747 - 1 Oct 1747 Giacomo Begni (2nd time) + Ottavio Fazzini (1st time) 1 Oct 1747 - 1 Apr 1748 Biagio Antonio Martelli (6th time) + Giovanni Martelli (9th time) 1 Apr 1748 - 1 Oct 1748 Giovanni Marino Giangi¹ + Francesco Antonio Righi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1748 - 1 Apr 1749 Costantino Bonelli (1st time) + Pompeo Zoli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1749 - 1 Oct 1749 Giuseppe Onofri (9th time) + Vincenzo Moracci (5th time) 1 Oct 1749 - 1 Apr 1750 Lodovico Belluzzi (3rd time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1750 - 1 Oct 1750 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (4th time) + Pier Antonio Ugolini (6th time) 1 Oct 1750 - 1 Apr 1751 Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli (3rd time) + Alfonso Giangi (4th time) 1 Apr 1751 - 1 Oct 1751 Aurelio Valloni (1st time) + Filippo Fabbrini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1751 - 1 Apr 1752 Giovanni Maria Giangi (5th time) + Marino Tini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1752 - 1 Oct 1752 Giacomo Begni (3rd time) + Pompeo Zoli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1752 - 1 Apr 1753 Costantino Bonelli (2nd time) + Giovanni Martelli (10th time) 1 Apr 1753 - 1 Oct 1753 Giuseppe Onofri (10th time) + Giuseppe Franzoni (1st time) 1 Oct 1753 - 1 Apr 1754 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (5th time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini (3rd time) 1 Apr 1754 - 1 Oct 1754 Girolamo Gozi (3rd time) (s.a.) + Vincenzo Moracci (6th time) 1 Oct 1754 - 1 Apr 1755 Francesco Maccioni (1st time) + Ottavio Fazzini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1755 - 1 Oct 1755 Biagio Antonio Martelli (7th time) + Giuseppe Bertoni (1st time) 1 Oct 1755 - 1 Apr 1756 Giacomo Begni (4th time) + Paolo Tini (1st time) 1 Apr 1756 - 1 Oct 1756 Marino Belluzzi + Francesco Casali (1st time) 1 Oct 1756 - 1 Apr 1757 Giovanni Beni + Francesco Antonio Righi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1757 - 1 Oct 1757 Giambattista Angeli (1st time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini (4th time) 1 Oct 1757 - 1 Apr 1758 Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (6th time) + Antonio Capicchioni (1st time) 1 Apr 1758 - 1 Oct 1758 Lodovico Belluzzi (4th time) + Marino Tini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1758 - 1 Apr 1759 Giovanni Maria Giangi (6th time) + Giuseppe Franzoni (2nd time) 1 Apr 1759 - 1 Oct 1759 Giacomo Begni (5th time) + Pompeo Zoli (4th time) 1 Oct 1759 - 1 Apr 1760 Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli (4th time) + Filippo Fazzini (1st time) 1 Apr 1760 - 1 Oct 1760 Aurelio Valloni (2nd time) + Francesco Antonio Righi (4th time) 1 Oct 1760 - 1 Apr 1761 Giambattista Angeli (2nd time) + Giovanni Pietro Martelli 1 Apr 1761 - 1 Oct 1761 Francesco Maccioni (2nd time) + Marino Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1761 - 1 Apr 1762 Filippo Manenti (1st time)² + Marc' Antonio Tassini (5th time) 1 Apr 1762 - 1 Oct 1762 Giovanni Maria Giangi (7th time) + Giuseppe Bertoni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1762 - 1 Apr 1763 Giambattista Zampini (2nd time) + Pompeo Zoli (5th time) 1 Apr 1763 - 1 Oct 1763 Giambattista Bonelli (1st time) + Filippo Fazzini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1763 - 1 Apr 1764 Girolamo Gozi (4th time) (s.a.) + Paolo Tini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1764 - 1 Oct 1764 Giambattista Angeli (3rd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1764 - 1 Apr 1765 Giovanni Antonio Leonardelli (5th time) + Marino Martelli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1765 - 1 Oct 1765 Filippo Manenti (2nd time)² + Marc' Antonio Tassini (6th time) 1 Oct 1765 - 1 Apr 1766 Francesco Begni (1st time) + Francesco Benedetti 1 Apr 1766 - 1 Oct 1766 Filippo Belluzzi (1st time) + Pompeo Zoli (6th time) 1 Oct 1766 - 1 Apr 1767 Giuseppe Giannini (1st time) + Giuseppe Franzoni (3rd time) 1 Apr 1767 - 1 Oct 1767 Francesco Maccioni (3rd time) + Filippo Fazzini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1767 - 1 Apr 1768 Giambattista Angeli (4th time) + Giuseppe Bertoni (3nd time) 1 Apr 1768 - 1 Oct 1768 Giuliano Gozi (1st time) (b. 1728 - d. 1805) + Francesco Casali (2nd time) 1 Oct 1768 - 1 Apr 1769 Costantino Bonelli (3rd time) + Giovanni Antonio Malpeli (1st time) 1 Apr 1769 - 1 Oct 1769 Baldassarre Giangi (1st time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini (7th time) 1 Oct 1769 - 1 Apr 1770 Filippo Manenti (3rd time)² + Francesco Antonio Casali (d. 1778) (1st time) 1 Apr 1770 - 1 Oct 1770 Gaetano Belluzzi (1st time) + Pompeo Zoli (7th time) 1 Oct 1770 - 1 Apr 1771 Giuseppe Giannini (2nd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (3rd time) 1 Apr 1771 - 1 Oct 1771 Giambattista Angeli (5th time) + Filippo Fazzini (4th time) 1 Oct 1771 - 1 Apr 1772 Giuliano Gozi (2nd time) (s.a.) + Angelo Ortolani (1st time) 1 Apr 1772 - 1 Oct 1772 Sebastiano Onofri + Giuseppe Bertoni (4th time) 1 Oct 1772 - 1 Apr 1773 Baldassarre Giangi (2nd time) + Francesco di Livio Casali (1st time) 1 Apr 1773 - 1 Oct 1773 Costantino Bonelli (4th time) + Giovanni Antonio Malpeli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1773 - 1 Apr 1774 Francesco Manenti (1st time) + Pompeo Zoli (8th time) 1 Apr 1774 - 1 Oct 1774 Gaetano Belluzzi (2nd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (4th time) 1 Oct 1774 - 1 Apr 1775 Giuliano Belluzzi (1st time) + Francesco Antonio Casali (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1775 - 1 Oct 1775 Giuliano Gozi (3rd time) (s.a.) + Angelo Ortolani (2nd time) 1 Oct 1775 - 1 Apr 1776 Giambattista Angeli (6th time) + Girolamo Paoloni (1st time) 1 Apr 1776 - 1 Oct 1776 Giuseppe Giannini (3rd time) + Antimo Meloni (1st time) 1 Oct 1776 - 1 Apr 1777 Francesco Onofri (1st time) + Francesco di Livio Casali (2nd time) 1 Apr 1777 - 1 Oct 1777 Costantino Bonelli (5th time) + Francesco Moracci 1 Oct 1777 - 1 Apr 1778 Pier Antonio Leonardelli (1st time) + Giovanni Antonio Malpeli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1778 - 1 Oct 1778 Baldassarre Giangi (3rd time) + Francesco Antonio Casali (3rd time) (to ... 1778) (s.a.) + Alessandro Martelli (from ... 1778) 1 Oct 1778 - 1 Apr 1779 Giambattista Bonelli (2nd time) + Pier Francesco Meloni 1 Apr 1779 - 1 Oct 1779 Giuliano Gozi (4th time) (s.a.) + Angelo Ortolani (3rd time) 1 Oct 1779 - 1 Apr 1780 Filippo Belluzzi (2nd time) + Pompeo Zoli (9th time) 1 Apr 1780 - 1 Oct 1780 Francesco Manenti (2nd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (5th time) 1 Oct 1780 - 1 Apr 1781 Costantino Bonelli (6th time) + Francesco di Livio Casali (3rd time) 1 Apr 1781 - 1 Oct 1781 Pier Antonio Leonardelli (2nd time) + Girolamo Paoloni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1781 - 1 Apr 1782 Baldassarre Giangi (4th time) + Giovanni Antonio Malpeli (4th time) 1 Apr 1782 - 1 Oct 1782 Giambattista Bonelli (3rd time) + Antimo Meloni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1782 - 1 Apr 1783 Giuseppe Giannini (4th time) + Francesco Malpeli 1 Apr 1783 - 1 Oct 1783 Francesco Begni (2nd time) + Pompeo Zoli (10th time) 1 Oct 1783 - 1 Apr 1784 Giuliano Gozi (5th time) (s.a.) + Pier Francesco Vita 1 Apr 1784 - 1 Oct 1784 Giambattista Zampini (3rd time) + Angelo Ortolani (4th time) 1 Oct 1784 - 1 Apr 1785 Francesco Manenti (3rd time) + Marino Francesconi (1st time) 1 Apr 1785 - 1 Oct 1785 Marino Giangi (1st time) + Giovanni Antonio Malpeli (5th time) 1 Oct 1785 - 1 Apr 1786 Pier Antonio Leonardelli (3rd time) + Girolamo Paoloni (3rd time) 1 Apr 1786 - 1 Oct 1786 Giambattista Bonelli (4th time) + Matteo Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1786 - 1 Apr 1787 Giuliano Gozi (6th time) (s.a.) + Francesco Faetani (1st time) 1 Apr 1787 - 1 Oct 1787 Giuliano Gozi (7th time) (s.a.) + Francesco Faetani (2nd time) 1 Oct 1787 - 1 Apr 1788 Francesco Onofri (2nd time) + Francesco Tini 1 Apr 1788 - 1 Oct 1788 Giambattista Bonelli (5th time) + Giovanni Filippi (1st time) 1 Oct 1788 - 1 Apr 1789 Francesco Begni (3rd time) + Filippo Fazzini (5th time) 1 Apr 1789 - 1 Oct 1789 Giuliano Belluzzi (2nd time) + Silvestro Masi 1 Oct 1789 - 1 Apr 1790 Marino Giangi (2nd time) + Francesco Belzoppi 1 Apr 1790 - 1 Oct 1790 Mariano Begni (1st time) + Matteo Martelli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1790 - 1 Apr 1791 Filippo Belluzzi (3rd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (6th time) 1 Apr 1791 - 1 Oct 1791 Francesco Giannini (1st time) + Antimo Meloni (3rd time) 1 Oct 1791 - 1 Apr 1792 Antonio Onofri (1st time) (b. 1759 - d. 1825) + Girolamo Paoloni (4th time) 1 Apr 1792 - 1 Oct 1792 Giuliano Gozi (8th time) (s.a.) + Giovanni Filippi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1792 - 1 Apr 1793 Giambattista Bonelli (6th time) + Marino Francesconi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1793 - 1 Oct 1793 Giuliano Belluzzi (3rd time) + Marino Tassini (1st time) 1 Oct 1793 - 1 Apr 1794 Marino Giangi (3rd time) + Felice Caroti 1 Apr 1794 - 1 Oct 1794 Marino Begni (1st time) + Antonio Capicchioni (7th time) 1 Oct 1794 - 1 Apr 1795 Filippo Belluzzi (4th time) + Pier Vincenzo Giannini (1st time) 1 Apr 1795 - 1 Oct 1795 Giuseppe Mercuri (1st time) + Angelo Ortolani (5th time) 1 Oct 1795 - 1 Apr 1796 Francesco Giannini (2nd time) + Livio Casali (1st time) 1 Apr 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 Giuliano Gozi (9th time) (s.a.) + Matteo Martelli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1796 - 1 Apr 1797 Antonio Onofri (2nd time) (s.a.) + Marino Francesconi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1797 - 1 Oct 1797 Giuliano Belluzzi (4th time) + Girolamo Paoloni (5th time) 1 Oct 1797 - 1 Apr 1798 Annibale Gozi (1st time) + Antonio Capicchioni (8th time) 1 Apr 1798 - 1 Oct 1798 Marino Begni (2nd time) + Alessandro Righi (1st time) 1 Oct 1798 - 1 Apr 1799 Marino Giangi (4th time) + Vincenzo Belzoppi (1st time) 1 Apr 1799 - 1 Oct 1799 Francesco Giannini (3rd time) + Pietro Zoli (1st time) 1 Oct 1799 - 1 Apr 1800 Camillo Bonelli (1st time) + Livio Casali (2nd time) 1 Apr 1800 - 1 Oct 1800 Francesco Faetani (3rd time) + Matteo Martelli (4th time) 1 Oct 1800 - 1 Apr 1801 Giuseppe Mercuri (2nd time) + Pier Vincenzo Giannini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1801 - 1 Oct 1801 Giuliano Belluzzi (5th time) + Marino Bertoni (1st time) 1 Oct 1801 - 1 Apr 1802 Mariano Begni (2nd time) + Antonio Capicchioni (9th time) 1 Apr 1802 - 1 Oct 1802 Filippo Belluzzi (5th time) + Marino Tassini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1802 - 1 Apr 1803 Annibale Gozi (2nd time) + Giovanni Filippi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1803 - 1 Oct 1803 Camillo Bonelli (2nd time) + Livio Casali (3rd time) 1 Oct 1803 - 1 Apr 1804 Antonio Onofri (3rd time) (s.a.) + Marino Francesconi (4th time) 1 Apr 1804 - 1 Oct 1804 Marino Belluzzi (1st time) + Matteo Martelli (5th time) 1 Oct 1804 - 1 Apr 1805 Francesco Giannini (4th time) + Giuseppe Righi (1st time) 1 Apr 1805 - 1 Oct 1805 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (b. 17.. - d. 1835) (1st time) + Antonio Capicchioni (10th time) 1 Oct 1805 - 1 Apr 1806 Mariano Begni (3rd time) + Giovanni Malpeli (1st time) 1 Apr 1806 - 1 Oct 1806 Giuseppe Mercuri (3rd time) + Marino Tassini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1806 - 1 Apr 1807 Alessandro Righi (2nd time) + Pietro Berti (1st time) 1 Apr 1807 - 1 Oct 1807 Antonio Onofri (4th time) (s.a.) + Marino Francesconi (5th time) 1 Oct 1807 - 1 Apr 1808 Camillo Bonelli (3rd time) + Livio Casali (4th time) 1 Apr 1808 - 1 Oct 1808 Marino Giangi (5th time) + Matteo Martelli (6th time) 1 Oct 1808 - 1 Apr 1809 Federico Gozi (1st time) + Pier Antonio Damiani (1st time) 1 Apr 1809 - 1 Oct 1809 Francesco Giannini (5th time) + Vincenzo Belzoppi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1809 - 1 Apr 1810 Mariano Begni (4th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1810 - 1 Oct 1810 Lodovico Belluzzi (1st time) + Maria Giuseppe Malpeli (1st time) 1 Oct 1810 - 1 Apr 1811 Antonio Onofri (5th time) (s.a.) + Marino Francesconi (6th time) 1 Apr 1811 - 1 Oct 1811 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (s.a.) (2nd time) + Marino Bertoni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1811 - 1 Apr 1812 Giuseppe Mercuri (4th time) + Pier Vincenzo Giannini (3rd time) 1 Apr 1812 - 1 Oct 1812 Camillo Bonelli (4th time) + Livio Casali (5th time) 1 Oct 1812 - 1 Apr 1813 Francesco Giannini (6th time) + Pietro Zoli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1813 - 1 Oct 1813 Marino Belluzzi (2nd time) + Pier Antonio Damiani (2nd time) 1 Oct 1813 - 1 Apr 1814 Mariano Begni (5th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1814 - 1 Oct 1814 Federico Gozi (2nd time) + Andrea Albertini (1st time) 1 Oct 1814 - 1 Apr 1815 Lodovico Belluzzi (2nd time) + Maria Giuseppe Malpeli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1815 - 1 Oct 1815 Giuseppe Mercuri (5th time) + Pier Vincenzo Giannini (4th time) 1 Oct 1815 - 1 Apr 1816 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (s.a.) (3rd time) + Filippo Filippi (1st time) 1 Apr 1816 - 1 Oct 1816 Camillo Bonelli (5th time) + Pietro Berti (2nd time) 1 Oct 1816 - 1 Apr 1817 Luigi Giannini (1st time) + Matteo Martelli (7th time) 1 Apr 1817 - 1 Oct 1817 Antonio Onofri (6th time) (s.a.) + Pietro Zoli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1817 - 1 Apr 1818 Federico Gozi (3rd time) + Vincenzo Belzoppi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1818 - 1 Oct 1818 Giuliano Malpeli (1st time) + Livio Casali (6th time) 1 Oct 1818 - 1 Apr 1819 Mariano Begni (6th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (4th time) 1 Apr 1819 - 1 Oct 1819 Giuseppe Mercuri (6th time) + Andrea Albertini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1819 - 1 Apr 1820 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (4th time) (s.a.) + Filippo Filippi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1820 - 1 Oct 1820 Luigi Giannini (2nd time) + Matteo Martelli (8th time) 1 Oct 1820 - 1 Apr 1821 Camillo Bonelli (6th time) + Marino Berti (1st time) 1 Apr 1821 - 1 Oct 1821 Antonio Onofri (7th time) (s.a.) + Pier Vincenzo Giannini (5th time) 1 Oct 1821 - 1 Apr 1822 Giuliano Malpeli (2nd time) + Pietro Berti (3rd time) 1 Apr 1822 - 1 Oct 1822 Federico Gozi (4th time) + Francesco Guidi Giangi (1st time) 1 Oct 1822 - 1 Apr 1823 Mariano Begni (7th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (5th time) 1 Apr 1823 - 1 Oct 1823 Giuseppe Mercuri (7th time) + Marino Lonfernini (1st time) 1 Oct 1823 - 1 Apr 1824 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (5th time) (s.a.) + Filippo Filippi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1824 - 1 Oct 1824 Lodovico Belluzzi (3rd time) + Vincenzo Braschi (1st time) 1 Oct 1824 - 1 Apr 1825 Luigi Giannini (3rd time) + Bartolomeo Bartolotti (1st time) 1 Apr 1825 - 1 Oct 1825 Raffaele Gozi (1st time) + Pietro Berti (4th time) 1 Oct 1825 - 1 Apr 1826 Camillo Bonelli (7th time) + Pier Antonio Damiani (3rd time) 1 Apr 1826 - 1 Oct 1826 Giambattista Onofri (1st time) + Marino Berti (2nd time) 1 Oct 1826 - 1 Apr 1827 Giuliano Malpeli (3rd time) + Marino Lonfernini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1827 - 1 Oct 1827 Mariano Begni (8th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (6th time) 1 Oct 1827 - 1 Apr 1828 Lodovico Belluzzi (4th time) + Vincenzo Braschi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1828 - 1 Oct 1828 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (6th time) (s.a.) + Francesco Guidi Giangi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1828 - 1 Apr 1829 Luigi Giannini (4th time) + Giacomo Antonio Tini 1 Apr 1829 - 1 Oct 1829 Camillo Bonelli (8th time) + Pietro Zoli (4th time) 1 Oct 1829 - 1 Apr 1830 Giuseppe Mercuri (8th time) + Filippo Filippi (4th time) 1 Apr 1830 - 1 Oct 1830 Giuliano Malpeli (4th time) + Marino Lonfernini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1830 - 1 Apr 1831 Giambattista Onofri (2nd time) + Pier Antonio Damiani (4th time) 1 Apr 1831 - 1 Oct 1831 Lodovico Belluzzi (5th time) + Biagio Martelli (1st time) 1 Oct 1831 - 1 Apr 1832 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (7th time) (s.a.) + Pier Matteo Berti (1st time) 1 Apr 1832 - 1 Oct 1832 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (1st time) + Bartolomeo Bartolotti (2nd time) 1 Oct 1832 - 1 Apr 1833 Mariano Begni (9th time) + Giovanni Malpeli (7th time) 1 Apr 1833 - 1 Oct 1833 Giuseppe Mercuri (9th time) + Filippo Filippi (5th time) 1 Oct 1833 - 1 Apr 1834 Luigi Giannini (5th time) + Vincenzo Braschi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1834 - 1 Oct 1834 Lodovico Belluzzi (1st time) + Francesco Guidi Giangi (3rd time) 1 Oct 1834 - 1 Apr 1835 Giuliano Malpeli (5th time) + Pietro Tassini 1 Apr 1835 - 1 Oct 1835 Francesco Maria Belluzzi (8th time) (to ... 1835) (s.a.) + Raffaele Gozi (2nd time) (from ... 1835) + Pietro Zoli (5th time) 1 Oct 1835 - 1 Apr 1836 Giambattista Bonelli (1st time) + Bartolomeo Bartolotti (3rd time) 1 Apr 1836 - 1 Oct 1836 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (2nd time) + Pier Antonio Damiani (5th time) 1 Oct 1836 - 1 Apr 1837 Giuseppe Gozi (1st time) + Pier Matteo Berti (2nd time) 1 Apr 1837 - 1 Oct 1837 Filippo Belluzzi (1st time) + Filippo Filippi (6th time) 1 Oct 1837 - 1 Apr 1838 Giuseppe Mercuri (10th time) + Marc' Antonio Tassini 1 Apr 1838 - 1 Oct 1838 Girolamo Gozi (1st time) + Francesco Guidi Giangi (4th time) 1 Oct 1838 - 1 Apr 1839 Mariano Begni (10th time) + Domenico Maria Belzoppi (b. 1796 - d. 1860) (1st time) 1 Apr 1839 - 1 Oct 1839 Giambattista Bonelli (2nd time) + Bartolomeo Bartolotti (4th time) 1 Oct 1839 - 1 Apr 1840 Giuliano Malpeli (6th time) + Biagio Martelli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1840 - 1 Oct 1840 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (3rd time) + Pietro Righi (1st time) 1 Oct 1840 - 1 Apr 1841 Raffaele Gozi (3rd time) + Pietro Zoli (6th time) 1 Apr 1841 - 1 Oct 1841 Filippo Belluzzi (2nd time) + Filippo Filippi (7th time) 1 Oct 1841 - 1 Apr 1842 Girolamo Gozi (2nd time) + Francesco Guidi Giangi (5th time) 1 Apr 1842 - 1 Oct 1842 Domenico Maria Belzoppi (2nd time) (s.a.) + Pier Matteo Berti (3rd time) 1 Oct 1842 - 1 Apr 1843 Giuseppe Gozi (2nd time) + Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti (1st time) 1 Apr 1843 - 1 Oct 1843 Giuliano Malpeli (7th time) + Marino Malpeli (1st time) 1 Oct 1843 - 1 Apr 1844 Lodovico Belluzzi (2nd time) + Biagio Martelli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1844 - 1 Oct 1844 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (4th time) + Pietro Righi (2nd time) 1 Oct 1844 - 1 Apr 1845 Pietro Zoli (7th time) + Marino Berti (3rd time) 1 Apr 1845 - 1 Oct 1845 Giambattista Bonelli (3rd time) + Francesco Valli (1st time) 1 Oct 1845 - 1 Apr 1846 Domenico Maria Belzoppi (3rd time) (s.a.) + Pier Matteo Berti (4th time) 1 Apr 1846 - 1 Oct 1846 Filippo Belluzzi (3rd time) + Filippo Filippi (8th time) 1 Oct 1846 - 1 Apr 1847 Francesco Guidi Giangi (6th time) + Costanzo Damiani (1st time) 1 Apr 1847 - 1 Oct 1847 Girolamo Gozi (3rd time) + Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti (2nd time) 1 Oct 1847 - 1 Apr 1848 Giuliano Malpeli (8th time) + Biagio Martelli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1848 - 1 Oct 1848 Giuseppe Gozi (3rd time) + Marino Malpeli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1848 - 1 Apr 1849 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (5th time) + Pietro Righi (3rd time) 1 Apr 1849 - 1 Oct 1849 Domenico Maria Belzoppi (4th time) (s.a.) + Pier Matteo Berti (5th time) 1 Oct 1849 - 1 Apr 1850 Giambattista Braschi (1st time) + Marino Lonfernini (4th time) 1 Apr 1850 - 1 Oct 1850 Vincenzo Angeli + Costanzo Damiani (2nd time) 1 Oct 1850 - 1 Apr 1851 Giambattista Bonelli (4th time) + Marino Berti (4th time) 1 Apr 1851 - 1 Oct 1851 Francesco Guidi Giangi (7th time) + Marco Suzzi Valli 1 Oct 1851 - 1 Apr 1852 Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti (3rd time) + Antonio Para 1 Apr 1852 - 1 Oct 1852 Melchiorre Filippi (1st time) + Pietro Righi (4th time) 1 Oct 1852 - 1 Apr 1853 Filippo Belluzzi (4th time) + Gaetano Simoncini (1st time) 1 Apr 1853 - 1 Oct 1853 Domenico Maria Belzoppi (5th time) (s.a.) + Pier Matteo Berti (6th time) 1 Oct 1853 - 1 Apr 1854 Giambattista Braschi (2nd time) + Francesco Valli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1854 - 1 Oct 1854 Girolamo Gozi (4th time) + Pietro Ugolini (1st time) 1 Oct 1854 - 1 Apr 1855 Francesco Guidi Giangi (8th time) + Pietro Barbieri 1 Apr 1855 - 1 Oct 1855 Gaetano Belluzzi (1st time) + Francesco Rossini 1 Oct 1855 - 1 Apr 1856 Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (6th time) + Marino Masi 1 Apr 1856 - 1 Oct 1856 Giuseppe Filippi (1st time) + Pietro Righi (5th time) 1 Oct 1856 - 1 Apr 1857 Melchiorre Filippi (2nd time) + Gaetano Simoncini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1857 - 1 Oct 1857 Innocenzo Bonelli (1st time) + Domenico Fattori (1st time) 1 Oct 1857 - 1 Apr 1858 Settimio Belluzzi (1st time) + Giacomo Berti (1st time) 1 Apr 1858 - 1 Oct 1858 Francesco Guidi Giangi (9th time) + Marino Malpeli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1858 - 1 Apr 1859 Filippo Belluzzi (5th time) + Pasquale Marcucci (1st time) 1 Apr 1859 - 1 Oct 1859 Giuliano Belluzzi (1st time) + Michele Ceccoli (1st time) 1 Oct 1859 - 1 Apr 1860 Palamede Malpeli (1st time) + Pier Matteo Berti (7th time) 1 Apr 1860 - 1 Oct 1860 Giuseppe Filippi (2nd time) + Pietro Righi (6th time) 1 Oct 1860 - 1 Apr 1861 Gaetano Belluzzi (2nd time) + Costanzo Damiani (3rd time) 1 Apr 1861 - 1 Oct 1861 Settimio Belluzzi (2nd time) + Giacomo Berti (2nd time) 1 Oct 1861 - 1 Apr 1862 Melchiorre Filippi (3rd time) + Domenico Fattori (2nd time) 1 Apr 1862 - 1 Oct 1862 Innocenzo Bonelli (2nd time) + Gaetano Simoncini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1862 - 1 Apr 1863 Francesco Guidi Giangi (10th time) + Pietro Tonnini (1st time) (d. 1894) 1 Apr 1863 - 1 Oct 1863 Giuliano Belluzzi (2nd time) + Michele Ceccoli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1863 - 1 Apr 1864 Giuseppe Filippi (3rd time) + Francesco Casali 1 Apr 1864 - 1 Oct 1864 Gaetano Belluzzi (3rd time) + Pietro Righi (7th time) 1 Oct 1864 - 1 Apr 1865 Palamede Malpeli (2nd time) + Pasquale Marcucci (2nd time) 1 Apr 1865 - 1 Oct 1865 Settimio Belluzzi (3rd time) + Giacomo Berti (3rd time) 1 Oct 1865 - 1 Apr 1866 Filippo Belluzzi (6th time) + Silvestro Masi 1 Apr 1866 - 1 Oct 1866 Innocenzo Bonelli (3rd time) + Michele Vita 1 Oct 1866 - 1 Apr 1867 Melchiorre Filippi (4th time) + Domenico Fattori (3rd time) 1 Apr 1867 - 1 Oct 1867 Giuliano Belluzzi (3rd time) + Michele Ceccoli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1867 - 1 Apr 1868 Gaetano Simoncini (4th time) + Pietro Righi (8th time) 1 Apr 1868 - 1 Oct 1868 Palamede Malpeli (3rd time) + Giuseppe Vagnini 1 Oct 1868 - 1 Apr 1869 Pietro Tonnini (2nd time) (s.a.) + Sante Lonfernini (1st time) 1 Apr 1869 - 1 Oct 1869 Filippo Belluzzi (7th time) + Francesco Malpeli (1st time) 1 Oct 1869 - 1 Apr 1870 Settimio Belluzzi (4th time) + Giacomo Berti (4th time) 1 Apr 1870 - 1 Oct 1870 Innocenzo Bonelli (4th time) + Ortollero Grazia 1 Oct 1870 - 1 Apr 1871 Melchiorre Filippi (5th time) + Domenico Fattori (4th time) 1 Apr 1871 - 1 Oct 1871 Gaetano Simoncini (5th time) + Pietro Ugolini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1871 - 1 Apr 1872 Palamede Malpeli (4th time) + Luigi Pasquali (1st time) 1 Apr 1872 - 1 Oct 1872 Giuliano Belluzzi (4th time) + Pietro Berti (1st time) 1 Oct 1872 - 1 Apr 1873 Federico Gozi (1st time) + Francesco Malpeli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1873 - 1 Oct 1873 Settimio Belluzzi (5th time) + Francesco Marcucci (1st time) 1 Oct 1873 - 1 Apr 1874 Giuseppe Filippi (4th time) + Marino Fattori (1st time) (b. 1832 - d. 1896) 1 Apr 1874 - 1 Oct 1874 Filippo Belluzzi (8th time) + Marino Babboni (1st time) 1 Oct 1874 - 1 Apr 1875 Gaetano Simoncini (6th time) + Domenico Fattori (5th time) 1 Apr 1875 - 1 Oct 1875 Palamede Malpeli (5th time) + Luigi Pasquali (2nd time) 1 Oct 1875 - 1 Apr 1876 Pietro Tonnini (3rd time) (s.a.) + Giuseppe Giacomini (1st time) 1 Apr 1876 - 1 Oct 1876 Gaetano Belluzzi (4th time) + Sante Lonfernini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1876 - 1 Apr 1877 Settimio Belluzzi (6th time) + Michele Ceccoli (4th time) 1 Apr 1877 - 1 Oct 1877 Innocenzo Bonelli (5th time) + Andrea Barbieri 1 Oct 1877 - 1 Apr 1878 Giuliano Belluzzi (5th time) + Pietro Ugolini (3rd time) 1 Apr 1878 - 1 Oct 1878 Domenico Fattori (6th time) + Marino Babboni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1878 - 1 Apr 1879 Camillo Bonelli + Pietro Berti (2nd time) 1 Apr 1879 - 1 Oct 1879 Gaetano Simoncini (7th time) + Marino Nicolini (1st time) 1 Oct 1879 - 1 Apr 1880 Federico Gozi (2nd time) + Francesco Malpeli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1880 - 1 Oct 1880 Luigi Pasquali (3rd time) + Giuseppe Giacomini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1880 - 1 Apr 1881 Settimio Belluzzi (7th time) + Pasquale Busignani (1st time) 1 Apr 1881 - 1 Oct 1881 Antonio Belluzzi (1st time) + Marino Martelli 1 Oct 1881 - 1 Apr 1882 Domenico Fattori (7th time) + Teodoro Ceccoli (1st time) 1 Apr 1882 - 1 Oct 1882 Marino Fattori (2nd time) (s.a.) + Francesco Marcucci (2nd time) 1 Oct 1882 - 1 Apr 1883 Giuliano Belluzzi (6th time) + Michele Ceccoli (5th time) 1 Apr 1883 - 1 Oct 1883 Pietro Tonnini (4th time) (s.a.) + Sante Lonfernini (3rd time) 1 Oct 1883 - 1 Apr 1884 Pietro Filippi (1st time) + Pietro Berti (3rd time) 1 Apr 1884 - 1 Oct 1884 Settimio Belluzzi (8th time) + Francesco Malpeli (4th time) 1 Oct 1884 - 1 Apr 1885 Federico Gozi (3rd time) + Antonio Righi (1st time) 1 Apr 1885 - 1 Oct 1885 Luigi Pasquali (4th time) + Pasquale Busignani (2nd time) 1 Oct 1885 - 1 Apr 1886 Antonio Michetti (1st time) + Marino Nicolini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1886 - 1 Oct 1886 Domenico Fattori (8th time) + Teodoro Ceccoli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1886 - 1 Apr 1887 Gaetano Simoncini (8th time) + Pietro Ugolini (4th time) 1 Apr 1887 - 1 Oct 1887 Marino Fattori (3rd time) (s.a.) + Settimio Lonfernini (1st time) 1 Oct 1887 - 1 Apr 1888 Pietro Filippi (2nd time) + Federico Martelli (1st time) 1 Apr 1888 - 1 Oct 1888 Settimio Belluzzi (9th time) + Marino Marcucci 1 Oct 1888 - 1 Apr 1889 Federico Gozi (4th time) + Antonio Righi (2nd time) 1 Apr 1889 - 1 Oct 1889 Menetto Bonelli (1st time) (b. 18.. - d. 1918) + Marino Babboni (3rd time) 1 Oct 1889 - 1 Apr 1890 Domenico Fattori (9th time) + Marino Nicolini (3rd time) 1 Apr 1890 - 1 Oct 1890 Pietro Tonnini (5th time) (s.a.) + Francesco Marcucci (3rd time) 1 Oct 1890 - 1 Apr 1891 Giuliano Belluzzi (7th time) + Pietro Ugolini (5th time) 1 Apr 1891 - 1 Oct 1891 Pietro Filippi (3rd time) + Federico Martelli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1891 - 1 Apr 1892 Antonio Michetti (2nd time) + Pasquale Busignani (3rd time) 1 Apr 1892 - 1 Oct 1892 Federico Gozi (5th time) + Silvestro Vita (1st time) 1 Oct 1892 - 1 Apr 1893 Gemino Gozi (1st time) + Giacomo Marcucci (1st time) 1 Apr 1893 - 1 Oct 1893 Menetto Bonelli (2nd time) (s.a.) + Marino Babboni (4th time) 1 Oct 1893 - 1 Apr 1894 Marino Fattori (4th time) (s.a.) + Pietro Francini (1st time) 1 Apr 1894 - 1 Oct 1894 Pietro Tonnini (6th time) (s.a.) (to 22 Aug 1894) + Giuliano Belluzzi (8th time) (from 22 Aug 1894) + Francesco Marcucci (4th time) 1 Oct 1894 - 1 Apr 1895 Settimio Belluzzi (10th time) + Marino Borbiconi (1st time) 1 Apr 1895 - 1 Oct 1895 Domenico Fattori (10th time) + Antonio Righi (3rd time) 1 Oct 1895 - 1 Apr 1896 Federico Gozi (6th time) + Vincenzo Mularoni (1st time) 1 Apr 1896 - 1 Oct 1896 Giovanni Bonelli (1st time) + Settimio Lonfernini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1896 - 1 Apr 1897 Menetto Bonelli (3rd time) (s.a.) + Marino Babboni (5th time) 1 Apr 1897 - 1 Oct 1897 Luigi Tonnini (1st time) + Teodoro Ceccoli (3rd time) 1 Oct 1897 - 1 Apr 1898 Antonio Belluzzi (2nd time) + Pasquale Busignani (4th time) 1 Apr 1898 - 1 Oct 1898 Pietro Filippi (4th time) + Onofrio Fattori (1st time) 1 Oct 1898 - 1 Apr 1899 Marino Borbiconi (2nd time) + Francesco Marcucci (5th time) 1 Apr 1899 - 1 Oct 1899 Gemino Gozi (2nd time) + Giacomo Marcucci (2nd time) 1 Oct 1899 - 1 Apr 1900 Federico Gozi (7th time) + Silvestro Vita (2nd time) 1 Apr 1900 - 1 Oct 1900 Domenico Fattori (11th time) + Antonio Righi (3rd time) 1 Oct 1900 - 1 Apr 1901 Giovanni Bonelli (2nd time) + Pietro Ugolini (6th time) 1 Apr 1901 - 1 Oct 1901 Luigi Tonnini (2nd time) + Marino Nicolini (4th time) 1 Oct 1901 - 1 Apr 1902 Antonio Belluzzi (3rd time) + Pasquale Busignani (5th time) 1 Apr 1902 - 1 Oct 1902 Onofrio Fattori (2nd time) + Egidio Ceccoli 1 Oct 1902 - 1 Apr 1903 Gemino Gozi (3rd time) + Giacomo Marcucci (4th time) 1 Apr 1903 - 1 Oct 1903 Federico Gozi (8th time) + Nullo Balducci 1 Oct 1903 - 1 Apr 1904 Marino Borbiconi (3rd time) + Francesco Marcucci (6th time) 1 Apr 1904 - 1 Oct 1904 Menetto Bonelli (4th time) (s.a.) + Vincenzo Mularoni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1904 - 1 Apr 1905 Luigi Tonnini (3rd time) + Gustavo Babboni (1st time) 1 Apr 1905 - 1 Oct 1905 Antonio Belluzzi (4th time) + Pasquale Busignani (6th time) 1 Oct 1905 - 1 Apr 1906 Onofrio Fattori (3rd time) + Piermatteo Carattoni 1 Apr 1906 - 1 Oct 1906 Giovanni Belluzzi (1st time) + Pietro Francini (2nd time) 1 Oct 1906 - 1 Apr 1907 Alfredo Reffi (1st time) + Giovanni Arzilli (1st time) 1 Apr 1907 - 1 Oct 1907 Ciro Belluzzi (1st time) + Francesco Pasquali (1st time) 1 Oct 1907 - 1 Apr 1908 Giuseppe Angeli (1st time) (b. 18.. - d. 1924) + Francesco Valli 1 Apr 1908 - 1 Oct 1908 Menetto Bonelli (5th time) (s.a.) + Gustavo Babboni (2nd time) 1 Oct 1908 - 1 Apr 1909 Olinto Amati (1st time) + Raffaele Michetti 1 Apr 1909 - 1 Oct 1909 Luigi Tonnini (4th time) + Domenico Suzzi Valli (1st time) 1 Oct 1909 - 1 Apr 1910 Marino Borbiconi (4th time) + Giacomo Marcucci (5th time) 1 Apr 1910 - 1 Oct 1910 Alfredo Reffi (2nd time) + Giovanni Arzilli (2nd time) 1 Oct 1910 - 1 Apr 1911 Giovanni Belluzzi (2nd time) + Luigi Lonfernini (1st time) 1 Apr 1911 - 1 Oct 1911 Moro Morri (1st time) + Cesare Stacchini (1st time) 1 Oct 1911 - 1 Apr 1912 Onofrio Fattori (4th time) + Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (b. 1882 - d. 1950) (1st time) 1 Apr 1912 - 1 Oct 1912 Gustavo Babboni (3rd time) + Francesco Pasquali (2nd time) 1 Oct 1912 - 1 Apr 1913 Menetto Bonelli (6th time) (s.a.) + Vincenzo Marcucci (1st time) 1 Apr 1913 - 1 Oct 1913 Giuseppe Angeli (2nd time) (s.a.) + Ignazio Grazia 1 Oct 1913 - 1 Apr 1914 Cirro Belluzzi (2nd time) + Domenico Suzzi Valli (2nd time) 1 Apr 1914 - 1 Oct 1914 Domenico Fattori (12th time) + Ferruccio Martelli (1st time) PSS 1 Oct 1914 - 1 Apr 1915 Olinto Amati (2nd time) + Cesare Stacchini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1915 - 1 Oct 1915 Moro Morri (2nd time) + Antonio Burgagni 1 Oct 1915 - 1 Apr 1916 Alfredo Reffi (3rd time) + Luigi Lonfernini (2nd time) 1 Apr 1916 - 1 Oct 1916 Onofrio Fattori (5th time) + Ciro Francini (1st time) 1 Oct 1916 - 1 Apr 1917 Gustavo Babboni (4th time) + Giovanni Arzilli (3rd time) 1 Apr 1917 - 1 Oct 1917 Egisto Morri (1st time) PPS + Vincenzo Marcucci (2nd time) 1 Oct 1917 - 1 Apr 1918 Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (2nd time)(s.a.) + Giuseppe Balducci (1st time) 1 Apr 1918 - 1 Oct 1918 Ferruccio Martelli (2nd time) PSS + Ermenegildo Mularoni 1 Oct 1918 - 1 Apr 1919 Protogene Belloni + Francesco Morri (1st time) 1 Apr 1919 - 1 Oct 1919 Domenico Vicini + Pietro Suzzi Valli 1 Oct 1919 - 1 Apr 1920 Moro Morri (3rd time) + Francesco Pasquali (3rd time) 1 Apr 1920 - 5 Dec 1920 Marino Rossi (1st time) UDS + Ciro Francini (2nd time) 5 Dec 1920 - 1 Apr 1921 Carlo Balsimelli (1st time) PPS + Simone Michelotti 1 Apr 1921 - 1 Oct 1921 Marino Della Balda PSS + Vincenzo Francini 1 Oct 1921 - 1 Apr 1922 Egisto Morri (2nd time) PPS + Giuseppe Lanci 1 Apr 1922 - 1 Oct 1922 Eugenio Reffi PPS + Giuseppe Arzilli (4th time) 1 Oct 1922 - 1 Apr 1923 Onofrio Fattori (6th time) UDS + Giuseppe Balducci (2nd time) 1 Apr 1923 - 1 Oct 1923 Giuliano Gozi (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1955) UDS + Filippo Mularoni (1st time) 1 Oct 1923 - 1 Apr 1924 Marino Borbiconi (5th time) PFS + Mario Michetti PFS 1 Apr 1924 - 1 Oct 1924 Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (3rd time) (s.a.) PFS + Francesco Mularoni (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1924 - 1 Apr 1925 Francesco Morri (2nd time) PFS + Girolamo Gozi (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1925 - 1 Oct 1925 Marino Fattori PFS + Augusto Mularoni PFS 1 Oct 1925 - 1 Apr 1926 Valerio Pasquali (1st time) PFS + Marco Marcucci PFS 1 Apr 1926 - 1 Oct 1926 Manlio Gozi (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1968) PFS + Giuseppe Mularoni PFS 1 Oct 1926 - 1 Apr 1927 Giuliano Gozi (2nd time) (s.a.) PFS + Ruggero Morri (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1927 - 1 Oct 1927 Gino Gozi (1st time) PFS + Marino Morri (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1927 - 1 Apr 1928 Marino Rossi (2nd time) PFS + Nelson Burgagni PFS 1 Apr 1928 - 1 Oct 1928 Domenico Suzzi Valli (3rd time) PFS + Francesco Pasquali (4th time) PFS 1 Oct 1928 - 1 Apr 1929 Francesco Morri (3rd time) PFS + Melchiorre Filippi (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1929 - 1 Oct 1929 Girolamo Gozi (2nd time) PFS + Filippo Mularoni (2nd time) PFS 1 Oct 1929 - 1 Apr 1930 Ezio Balducci (b. 1904 - d. 1957) PFS + Aldo Busignani PFS 1 Apr 1930 - 1 Oct 1930 Manlio Gozi (2nd time) (s.a.) PFS + Marino Lonfernini (d. 1930) PFS (to 10 Sep 1930) + Turiddu Foschi (from 16 Sep 1930) PFS 1 Oct 1930 - 1 Apr 1931 Valerio Pasquali (2nd time) PFS + Gino Ceccoli (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1931 - 1 Oct 1931 Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (4th time) (s.a.) PFS + Francesco Mularoni (2nd time) PFS 1 Oct 1931 - 1 Apr 1932 Domenico Suzzi Valli (4th time) PFS + Marino Morri (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1932 - 1 Oct 1932 Giuliano Gozi (3rd time) (s.a.) PFS + Pompeo Righi (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1932 - 1 Apr 1933 Gino Gozi (2nd time) PFS + Ruggero Morri (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1933 - 1 Oct 1933 Francesco Morri (4th time) PFS + Settimio Belluzzi (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1933 - 1 Apr 1934 Carlo Balsimelli (2nd time) PFS + Melchiorre Filippi (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1934 - 1 Oct 1934 Marino Rossi (3rd time) PFS + Giovanni Lonfernini (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1934 - 1 Apr 1935 Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (5th time) (s.a.) PFS + Marino Michelotti (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1935 - 1 Oct 1935 Federico Gozi (1st time) PFS + Salvatore Foschi (1st time) PFS 1 Oct 1935 - 1 Apr 1936 Pompeo Righi (2nd time) PFS + Marino Morri (3rd time) PFS 1 Apr 1936 - 1 Oct 1936 Gino Gozi (3rd time) PFS + Ruggero Morri (3rd time) PFS 1 Oct 1936 - 1 Apr 1937 Francesco Morri (4th time) PFS + Gino Ceccoli (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1937 - 1 Oct 1937 Giuliano Gozi (4th time) (s.a.) PFS + Settimio Belluzzi (2nd time) PFS 1 Oct 1937 - 1 Apr 1938 Marino Rossi (4th time) PFS + Giovanni Lonfernini (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1938 - 1 Oct 1938 Manlio Gozi (3rd time) (s.a.) PFS + Luigi Mularoni PFS 1 Oct 1938 - 1 Apr 1939 Carlo Balsimelli (3rd time) PFS + Celio Gozi (1st time) PFS 1 Apr 1939 - 1 Oct 1939 Pompeo Righi (3rd time) PFS + Marino Morri (4th time) PFS 1 Oct 1939 - 1 Apr 1940 Marino Michelotti (2nd time) PFS + Orlando Reffi PFS 1 Apr 1940 - 1 Oct 1940 Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (6th time) (s.a.) PFS + Filippo Mularoni (3rd time) PFS 1 Oct 1940 - 1 Apr 1941 Federico Gozi (2nd time) PFS + Salvatore Foschi (2nd time) PFS 1 Apr 1941 - 1 Oct 1941 Gino Gozi (4th time) PFS + Secondo Menicucci PFS 1 Oct 1941 - 1 Apr 1942 Giuliano Gozi (5th time) (s.a.) PFS + Giovanni Lonfernini (3rd time) PFS 1 Apr 1942 - 1 Oct 1942 Settimio Belluzzi (3rd time) PFS + Celio Gozi PFS 1 Oct 1942 - 1 Apr 1943 Carlo Balsimelli (4th time) PFS + Renato Martelli PFS 1 Apr 1943 - 1 Oct 1943 Marino Michelotti (3rd time) PFS;Jul 1943 Ind + Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi (b. 1910 - d. 1975) 1 Oct 1943 - 1 Apr 1944 Marino Della Balda (1st time) CdL + Sante Lonfernini UDS 1 Apr 1944 - 1 Oct 1944 Francesco Balsimelli (b. 1894 - d. 1974) Non-party? + Sanzio Valentini 1 Oct 1944 - 1 Apr 1945 Teodoro Lonfernini CdL + Leonida Suzzi Valli (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1982) Non-party? 1 Apr 1945 - 1 Oct 1945 Alvaro Casali (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1978) PSS + Vittorio Valentini PSS 1 Oct 1945 - 1 Apr 1946 Ferruccio Martelli (3rd time) PSS + Secondo Fiorini (1st time) (b. 19.. - d. 2006) PCS 1 Apr 1946 - 1 Oct 1946 Giuseppe Forcellini (1st time) PSS + Vincenzo Pedini (1st time) (b. 1920 - d. 1987) PCS 1 Oct 1946 - 1 Apr 1947 Filippo Martelli PSS + Luigi Montironi (1st time) PSS 1 Apr 1947 - 1 Oct 1947 Marino Della Balda (2nd time) PSS + Luigi Zafferani (b. 1908? - d. 19..)PCS 1 Oct 1947 - 1 Apr 1948 Domenico Forcellini (1st time) (b. 1911? - d. 19..) PSS + Mariano Ceccoli (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 19..) PSS 1 Apr 1948 - 1 Oct 1948 Arnaldo Para (1st time) PSS + Giuseppe Renzi (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 2012) PCS 1 Oct 1948 - 1 Apr 1949 Giordano Giacomini (1st time) PSS + Domenico Tomassoni 1 Apr 1949 - 1 Oct 1949 Ferruccio Martelli (4th time) PSS + Primo Bugli (1st time) PSS 1 Oct 1949 - 1 Apr 1950 Vincenzo Pedini (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS + Agostino Biordi (1st time) PSS 1 Apr 1950 - 1 Oct 1950 Giuseppe Forcellini (2nd time) PSS + Primo Taddei 1 Oct 1950 - 1 Apr 1951 Marino Della Balda (3rd time) PSS + Luigi Montironi (2nd time) PSS 1 Apr 1951 - 1 Oct 1951 Alvaro Casali (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Romolo Giacomini PSS 1 Oct 1951 - 1 Apr 1952 Domenico Forcellini (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Giovanni Terenzi PCS 1 Apr 1952 - 1 Oct 1952 Domenico Morganti (b. 1922? - d. 2012) PCS + Mariano Ceccoli (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Oct 1952 - 1 Apr 1953 Arnaldo Para (2nd time) PSS + Eugenio Bernardini (1st time) PCS 1 Apr 1953 - 1 Oct 1953 Vincenzo Pedini (3rd time) (s.a.) PCS + Alberto Reffi (b. 1897? - d. 19..)PSS 1 Oct 1953 - 1 Apr 1954 Giordano Giacomini (2nd time) PSS + Giuseppe Renzi(2nd time) (s.a.) PCS 1 Apr 1954 - 1 Oct 1954 Giuseppe Forcellini (3rd time) PSS + Secondo Fiorini (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS 1 Oct 1954 - 1 Apr 1955 Agostino Giacomini PCS + Luigi Montironi (3rd time) PSS 1 Apr 1955 - 1 Oct 1955 Domenico Forcellini (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Vittorio Meloni (b. 1921 - d. 2014) PCS 1 Oct 1955 - 1 Apr 1956 Primo Bugli (2nd time) PSS + Giuseppe Maiani (1st time) (b. 1924 - d. 2016) PCS 1 Apr 1956 - 1 Oct 1956 Mario Nanni (b. 1919 - d. 2000) PCS + Enrico Andreoli (1st time) PSS 1 Oct 1956 - 1 Apr 1957 Mariano Ceccoli (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Eugenio Bernardini (2nd time) PCS 1 Apr 1957 - 11 Oct 1957 Giordano Giacomini (3rd time) PSS + Primo Marani (1st time) (b. 1922 - d. 2013) PCS 1 Oct 1957 - 27 Oct 1957 Provisional Government (installed at Rovereta, continues in dissidence to 11 Oct 1957; in San Marino city from 14 Oct 1957) - Federico Bigi (b. 1920 - d. 1996) PSIS - Alvaro Casali (s.a.) PSIS - Pietro Giancecchi (b. 1922? - d. 2005) PSS - Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti (b. 1920? - d. 2011) PDCS 27 Oct 1957 - 1 Apr 1958 Marino Valdes Franciosi (b. 1893 - d. 19..) PSD + Federico Micheloni (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2006) PSDIS 1 Apr 1958 - 1 Oct 1958 Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti (s.a.) PDCS + Stelio Montironi (1st time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1958 - 1 Apr 1959 Domenico Forcellini (4th time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Pietro Reffi (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2013) PDCS 1 Apr 1959 - 1 Oct 1959 Marino Benedetto Belluzzi PDCS (1st time) + Agostino Biordi (2nd time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1959 - 1 Apr 1960 Giuseppe Forcellini (4th time) PSS + Ferruccio Piva (1st time) (b. 1925? - d. 2008) PDCS 1 Apr 1960 - 1 Oct 1960 Alvaro Casali (3rd time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Gino Vannucci PDCS 1 Oct 1960 - 1 Apr 1961 Eugenio Reffi (b. 1892 - d. 19..) PDCS + Pietro Giancecchi (1st time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Apr 1961 - 1 Oct 1961 Federico Micheloni (2nd time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Giancarlo Ghironzi (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2020) PDCS 1 Oct 1961 - 1 Apr 1962 Giovanni Vito Marcucci (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2011) PDCS + Pio Galassi PSDIS 1 Apr 1962 - 1 Oct 1962 Domenico Forcellini (5th time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Francesco Valli (1st time) (b. 1922? - d. 2012) PDCS 1 Oct 1962 - 1 Apr 1963 Antonio Maria Morganti PDCS + Agostino Biordi (3rd time) PSDIS 1 Apr 1963 - 1 Oct 1963 Leonida Suzzi Valli (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Stelio Montironi (2nd time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1963 - 1 Apr 1964 Giovan Luigi Franciosi (1st time) (b. 19.. - d. 2003) PDCS + Domenico Bollini PDCS 1 Apr 1964 - 1 Oct 1964 Marino Benedetto Belluzzi PDCS (2nd time) + Eusebio Reffi (1st time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1964 - 1 Apr 1965 Giuseppe Micheloni (1st time) PSDIS + Pier Marino Mularoni PDCS 1 Apr 1965 - 1 Oct 1965 Ferruccio Piva (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Federico Carattoni (1st time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1965 - 1 Apr 1966 Alvaro Casali (4th time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Pietro Reffi (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Apr 1966 - 1 Oct 1966 Francesco Valli (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Emilio Della Balda (b. 1937) PSS 1 Oct 1966 - 1 Apr 1967 Giovanni Vito Marcucci (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Francesco Maria Francini PDCS (1st time) 1 Apr 1967 - 1 Oct 1967 Vittorio Rossini PSDIS + Alberto Lonfernini (1st time) (b. 1938?) PDCS 1 Oct 1967 - 1 Apr 1968 Domenico Forcellini (6th time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Romano Michelotti PDCS 1 Apr 1968 - 1 Oct 1968 Marino Benedetto Belluzzi (3rd time) PDCS + Dante Rossi PSDIS 1 Oct 1968 - 1 Apr 1969 Pietro Giancecchi (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Aldo Zavoli (b. 19.. - d. 2003) PDCS 1 Apr 1969 - 1 Oct 1969 Ferruccio Piva (3rd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Stelio Montironi (3rd time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1969 - 1 Apr 1970 Alvaro Casali (5th time) (s.a.) PSDIS + Giancarlo Ghironzi (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Apr 1970 - 1 Oct 1970 Francesco Valli (3rd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Eusebio Reffi (2nd time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1970 - 1 Apr 1971 Simone Rossini PSDIS + Giuseppe Lonfernini (b. 1937? - d. 2018)PDCS 1 Apr 1971 - 1 Oct 1971 Luigi Lonfernini (1st time) (b. 1938) PDCS + Attilio Montanari PSDIS 1 Oct 1971 - 1 Apr 1972 Federico Carattoni (2nd time) PSDIS + Marino Vagnetti(1st time) (b. 1924) PDCS 1 Apr 1972 - 1 Oct 1972 Marino Benedetto Belluzzi (4th time) PDCS + Giuseppe Micheloni (2nd time) PSDIS 1 Oct 1972 - 1 Apr 1973 Rosolino Martelli (1st time) (b. 1939) PDCS + Bruno Casali (b. 1936? - d. 2018)PSDIS 1 Apr 1973 - 1 Oct 1973 Francesco Maria Francini PDCS + Primo Bugli (3rd time) PSS 1 Oct 1973 - 1 Apr 1974 Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari (b. 1943) PSS (1st time) + Giovan Luigi Franciosi (s.a.) PDCS (2nd time) 1 Apr 1974 - 1 Oct 1974 Ferruccio Piva (4th time) (s.a.) PDCS + Giordano Bruno Reffi (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 1998) PSS 1 Oct 1974 - 1 Apr 1975 Francesco Valli (4th time) (s.a.) PDCS + Enrico Andreoli (2nd time) PSS 1 Apr 1975 - 1 Oct 1975 Alberto Cecchetti (1st time) (b. 1944) PSS + Michele Righi PDCS 1 Oct 1975 - 1 Apr 1976 Giovanni Vito Marcucci (3rd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Giuseppe Della Balda (b. 1939?) PSS 1 Apr 1976 - 1 Oct 1976 Clelio Galassi (b. 1950) PDCS + Marino Venturini (1st time) (b. 1944- d. 2019) PSS 1 Oct 1976 - 1 Apr 1977 Primo Bugli (4th time) PSS + Virgilio Cardelli (b. 1922? - d. 2007) PDCS 1 Apr 1977 - 1 Oct 1977 Alberto Lonfernini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari (s.a.) PSS (2nd time) 1 Oct 1977 - 1 Apr 1978 Giordano Bruno Reffi (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Tito Masi (b. 1949) PDCS 1 Apr 1978 - 1 Oct 1978 Francesco Valli (5th time) (s.a.) PDCS + Enrico Andreoli (3rd time) PSS 1 Oct 1978 - 1 Apr 1979 Ermenegildo Gasperoni (b. 1906 - d. 1994) PCS + Adriano Reffi (1st time) (b. 1937?) PSS 1 Apr 1979 - 1 Oct 1979 Marino Bollini (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 2020) PSS + Lino Celli PCS 1 Oct 1979 - 1 Apr 1980 Giuseppe Amici (1st time) (b. 1939 - d. 2006) PCS + Germano de Biagi (1st time) (b. 1949) PSS 1 Apr 1980 - 1 Oct 1980 Pietro Chiaruzzi (b. 1938 - d. 2014) PSS + Primo Marani (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS 1 Oct 1980 - 1 Apr 1981 Giancarlo Berardi PSU + Rossano Zafferani (1st time) (b. 1948) PCS 1 Apr 1981 - 1 Oct 1981 Gastone Pasolini (b. 1932 - d. 2016) PCS + Maria Lea Pedini Angelini (f) (b. 1954) PSS 1 Oct 1981 - 1 Apr 1982 Mario Rossi PSDIS + Ubaldo Biordi (1st time) (b. 1938?) PCS 1 Apr 1982 - 1 Oct 1982 Giuseppe Maiani (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS + Marino Venturini (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Oct 1982 - 1 Apr 1983 Libero Barulli (b. 1947) PSU + Maurizio Gobbi (b. 1946?) PCS 1 Apr 1983 - 1 Oct 1983 Adriano Reffi (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Massimo Roberto Rossini (b. 1945) PCS 1 Oct 1983 - 1 Apr 1984 Renzo Renzi (1st time) (b. 1946?) PCS + Germano de Biagi (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Apr 1984 - 1 Oct 1984 Gloriana Ranocchini (f) (1st time) (b. 1957) PCS + Giorgio Crescentini (b. 1950) PSS 1 Oct 1984 - 1 Apr 1985 Marino Bollini (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Giuseppe Amici (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS 1 Apr 1985 - 1 Oct 1985 Enzo Colombini (1st time) (b. 1958) PCS + Severiano Tura (b. 1934?) PSS 1 Oct 1985 - 1 Apr 1986 Pier Paolo Gasperoni (1st time) (b. 1950 - d. 1997) PSU + Ubaldo Biordi (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS 1 Apr 1986 - 1 Oct 1986 Marino Venturini (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Ariosto Maiani PCS 1 Oct 1986 - 1 Apr 1987 Giuseppe Arzilli (1st time) (b. 1941 - d. 2023) PDCS + Maurizio Tomassoni (b. 1954?) PSS 1 Apr 1987 - 1 Oct 1987 Renzo Renzi (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS + Carlo Franciosi (b. 1935 - d. 2021) PDCS 1 Oct 1987 - 1 Apr 1988 Rossano Zafferani (2nd time) (s.a.) PCS + Gian Franco Terenzi (1st time) (b. 1941 - d. 2020) PDCS 1 Apr 1988 - 1 Oct 1988 Umberto Barulli (b. 1921 - d. 1993) PCS + Rosolino Martelli (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Oct 1988 - 1 Apr 1989 Luciano Cardelli (b. 1949) PDCS + Reves Salvatori (b. 1963) PCS 1 Apr 1989 - 1 Oct 1989 Mauro Fiorini (b. 1956) PPDS + Marino Vagnetti (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Oct 1989 - 1 Apr 1990 Gloriana Ranocchini (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Leo Achilli (b. 1958?) PDCS 1 Apr 1990 - 1 Oct 1990 Adalmiro Bartolini PCS + Ottaviano Rossi (b. 1952) PDCS 1 Oct 1990 - 1 Apr 1991 Cesare Antonio Gasperoni (1st time)(b. 1944) PDCS + Roberto Bucci PPDS 1 Apr 1991 - 1 Oct 1991 Domenico Bernardini (b. 1956) PPDS + Claudio Podeschi (b. 1956) PDCS 1 Oct 1991 - 1 Apr 1992 Edda Ceccoli (f) (b. 1947) PDCS + Marino Riccardi (1st time) (b. 1958) PPDS 1 Apr 1992 - 1 Oct 1992 Germano de Biagi (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Ernesto Benedettini (1st time) (b. 1948) PDCS 1 Oct 1992 - 1 Apr 1993 Romeo Morri (b. 1952 - d. 2022) PDCS + Marino Zanotti (1st time) (b. 1952) PSS 1 Apr 1993 - 1 Oct 1993 Patrizia Busignani (f) (b. 1959) SpR + Salvatore Tonelli (b. 1953?) PDCS 1 Oct 1993 - 1 Apr 1994 Gian Luigi Berti (b. 1930- d. 2014) PDCS + Paride Andreoli (1st time) (b. 1956) PSS 1 Apr 1994 - 1 Oct 1994 Alberto Cecchetti (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Fausto Mularoni (b. 1945) PDCS 1 Oct 1994 - 1 Apr 1995 Renzo Ghiotti (b. 1951) APDS + Luciano Ciavatta (b. 1955) PSS 1 Apr 1995 - 1 Oct 1995 Marino Bollini (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Settimio Lonfernini (b. 1939 - d. 2016) PDCS 1 Oct 1995 - 1 Apr 1996 Pier Natalino Mularoni (b. 1948 - d. 2011) PDCS + Marino Venturini (4th time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Apr 1996 - 1 Oct 1996 Pier Paolo Gasperoni (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Pietro Bugli (b. 1954) PDCS 1 Oct 1996 - 1 Apr 1997 Maurizio Rattini (1st time) (b. 1949) PSS + Gian Carlo Venturini (1st time) (b. 1962) PDCS 1 Apr 1997 - 1 Oct 1997 Paride Andreoli (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Pier Marino Mularoni (b. 1962) PDCS 1 Oct 1997 - 1 Apr 1998 Luigi Mazza (b. 1960) PDCS + Marino Zanotti (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Apr 1998 - 1 Oct 1998 Alberto Cecchetti (3rd time) (s.a.) PSS + Loris Francini (1st time) (b. 1962) PDCS 1 Oct 1998 - 1 Apr 1999 Pietro Berti (b. 1967) PDCS + Paolo Bollini (1st time) (b. 1960) PSS 1 Apr 1999 - 1 Oct 1999 Antonello Bacciocchi (1st time) (b. 1957) PSS + Rosa Zafferani (f) (1st time) (b. 1960) PPDS 1 Oct 1999 - 1 Apr 2000 Marino Bollini (4th time) (s.a.) PSS + Giuseppe Arzilli (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Apr 2000 - 1 Oct 2000 Maria Domenica Michelotti (f) (b. 1952) PPDS + Gian Marco Marcucci (b. 1954) PDCS 1 Oct 2000 - 1 Apr 2001 Gian Franco Terenzi (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Enzo Colombini (2nd time) (s.a.) PPDS 1 Apr 2001 - 1 Oct 2001 Luigi Lonfernini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Fabio Berardi (1st time) (b. 1959) PSS 1 Oct 2001 - 1 Apr 2002 Alberto Cecchetti (4th time) (s.a.) PSS + Gino Giovagnoli (b. 1951) PDCS 1 Apr 2002 - 1 Oct 2002 Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari (s.a.) PSS (3rd time) + Giovanni Francesco Ugolini (b. 1953) PDCS (1st time) 1 Oct 2002 - 1 Apr 2003 Giuseppe Maria Morganti (b. 1955) PdD + Mauro Chiaruzzi (b. 1952) PSS 1 Apr 2003 - 1 Oct 2003 Pier Marino Menicucci (b. 1958) PDCS + Giovanni Giannoni (b. 1948) PSS 1 Oct 2003 - 1 Apr 2004 Giovanni Lonfernini (b. 1976) PDCS + Valeria Ciavatta (f)(1st time) (b. 1959) APDS 1 Apr 2004 - 1 Oct 2004 Paolo Bollini (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS + Marino Riccardi (2nd time) (s.a.) PdD 1 Oct 2004 - 1 Apr 2005 Giuseppe Arzilli (3rd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Roberto Raschi (b. 1964) PSS 1 Apr 2005 - 1 Oct 2005 Fausta Simona Morganti (f) (b. 1944 - d. 2021) PdD + Cesare Antonio Gasperoni (s.a.) PDCS (2nd time) 1 Oct 2005 - 1 Apr 2006 Claudio Muccioli (b. 1958) PDCS + Antonello Bacciocchi (2nd time) (s.a.) PSS 1 Apr 2006 - 1 Oct 2006 Gian Franco Terenzi (3rd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Loris Francini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Oct 2006 - 1 Apr 2007 Antonio Carattoni (b. 1945) PSD + Roberto Giorgetti (b. 1962) AP 1 Apr 2007 - 1 Oct 2007 Alessandro Mancini (1st time) (b. 1975) PSD + Alessandro Rossi (1st time) (b. 1967) SU 1 Oct 2007 - 1 Apr 2008 Mirco Tomassoni (1st time) (b. 1969) PSD + Alberto Selva (b. 1964) AP 1 Apr 2008 - 1 Oct 2008 Rosa Zafferani (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) DdC + Federico Pedini Amati (b. 1976) PSD 1 Oct 2008 - 1 Apr 2009 Ernesto Benedettini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Assunta Meloni (f) (b. 1951) AP 1 Apr 2009 - 1 Oct 2009 Massimo Cenci (b. 1967) NPS + Oscar Mina (1st time) (b. 1958) PDCS 1 Oct 2009 - 1 Apr 2010 Francesco Mussoni (1st time) (b. 1971) PDCS + Stefano Palmieri (1st time) (b. 1964) AP 1 Apr 2010 - 1 Oct 2010 Marco Conti (b. 1969) PDCS + Glauco Sansovini (b. 1938 - d. 2019) ANS 1 Oct 2010 - 1 Apr 2011 Giovanni Francesco Ugolini (s.a.) PDCS (2nd time) + Andrea Zafferani (b. 1982) AP 1 Apr 2011 - 1 Oct 2011 Maria LuisaBerti (f)(1st time) (b. 1971) NS + Filippo Tamagnini (1st time) (b. 1972) PDCS 1 Oct 2011 - 1 Apr 2012 Gabriele Gatti (b. 1953) PDCS + Matteo Fiorini(1st time) (b. 1978) AP 1 Apr 2012 - 1 Oct 2012 Maurizio Rattini (2nd time) (s.a.) NPS + Italo Righi (b. 1959) PDCS 1 Oct 2012 - 1 Apr 2013 Teodoro Lonfernini (b. 1976) PDCS + Denise Bronzetti(f) (b. 1972) PSD 1 Apr 2013 - 1 Oct 2013 Antonella Mularoni (f) (b. 1961) AP + Denis Amici (b. 1972) PDCS 1 Oct 2013 - 1 Apr 2014 Annamaria Muccioli (f) (b. 1964) PDCS +Gian Carlo Capicchioni (b. 1956) PSD 1 Apr 2014 - 1 Oct 2014 Valeria Ciavatta (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) AP + Luca Beccari (b. 1974) PDCS 1 Oct 2014 - 1 Apr 2015 Gian Franco Terenzi (4th time) (s.a.) PDCS + Guerrino Zanotti (b. 1962) PSD 1 Apr 2015 - 1 Oct 2015 Andrea Belluzzi (b. 1968) PSD + Roberto Venturini (b. 1960) PDCS 1 Oct 2015 - 1 Apr 2016 Lorella Stefanelli (f) (b. 1959) PDCS + Nicola Renzi (b. 1979) AP 1 Apr 2016 - 1 Oct 2016 Gian Nicola Berti (b. 1960) NS + Massimo Andrea Ugolini (b. 1978) PDCS 1 Oct 2016 - 1 Apr 2017 Marino Riccardi (3rd time) (s.a.) PSD + Fabio Berardi (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS 1 Apr 2017 - 1 Oct 2017 Mimma Zavoli (f) (b. 1963) MC10 + Vanessa D'Ambrosio (f) (b. 1988) SU 1 Oct 2017 - 1 Apr 2018 Matteo Fiorini (2nd time) (s.a.) RF + Enrico Carattoni (b. 1985) SSD 1 Apr 2018 - 1 Oct 2018 Stefano Palmieri (2nd time) (s.a.) RF + Matteo Ciacci (b. 1990) MC10 1 Oct 2018 - 1 Apr 2019 Mirco Tomassoni (2nd time) (s.a.) SSD + Luca Santolini (b. 1985) MC10 1 Apr 2019 - 1 Oct 2019 Nicola Selva (b. 1962) RF + Michele Muratori (b. 1983) SSD 1 Oct 2019 - 1 Apr 2020 Luca Boschi (b. 1972) MC10 + Mariella Mularoni (f) (b. 1962) PDCS 1 Apr 2020 - 1 Oct 2020 Alessandro Mancini (2nd time) (s.a.) PSD + Grazia Zafferani (f) (b. 1972) RETE 1 Oct 2020 - 1 Apr 2021 Alessandro Cardelli (b. 1991) PDCS + Mirko Dolcini (b. 1973) DML 1 Apr 2021 - 1 Oct 2021 Gian Carlo Venturini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Marco Nicolini (b. 1970) RETE 1 Oct 2021 - 1 Apr 2022 Francesco Mussoni (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Giacomo Simoncini (b. 1994) PS 1 Apr 2022 - 1 Oct 2022 Oscar Mina (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Paolo Rondelli (b. 1963) RETE 1 Oct 2022 - 1 Apr 2023 Maria Luisa Berti (f)(2nd time) (s.a.) NS + Manuel Ciavatta (b. 1976) PDCS 1 Apr 2023 - 1 Oct 2023 Alessandro Scarano (b. 1983) PDCS + Adele Tonnini (f) (b. 1977) RETE 1 Oct 2023 - 1 Apr 2024 Filippo Tamagnini (2nd time) (s.a.) PDCS + Gaetano Troina (b. 1987) DML 1 Apr 2024 - 1 Oct 2024 Alessandro Rossi (2nd time) (s.a.) Demos + Milena Gasperoni (f) (b. 1961) PSD 1 Oct 2024 - Francesca Civerchia (f) (b. 1977) PDCS + Dalibor Riccardi (b. 1983) Libera

Papal Legate and Apostolic Delegate 18 Oct 1739 - 28 Oct 1739 Giulio Cardinale Alberoni (b. 1664 - d. 1752) German Commander (of 278th Infantry Division) 10 Aug 1944 - 20 Sep 1944 Henry Hoppe (b. 1894 - d. 1969) Mil Allied Commander (of British 8th Army 11th Infantry Brigade) 20 Sep 1944 - 20 Oct 1944 Henry Cuthbert Partridge (U.K.) (b. 1903 - d. 1945) Mil

¹May be actually Giovanni Maria Giangi (5th time).

²Filippo Manenti (1761-62, 1765, 1769-70) may be identical with Filippo Manenti Belluzzi (1737-38, 1743, 1746-47, 1750, 1753-54, 1757-58).

Party abbreviations:Demos =Movimento Demos - Democrazia Solidale (Demos Movement - Solidarity Democracy, center-left, est.Mar 2022); DML = Domani - Motus Liberi (Tomorrow - Free Movement, liberal,centrist, christian democratic, est.28 Apr 2018); Ind = Indipendente (independent)' Libera = Libera San Marino (Free San Marino, democratic socialist, environmentalist, pro-European, merger of MC10, SSD, Movimento Ideali Socialisti e Riforme e Sviluppo [Socialist Ideals Movement and Reforms and Development], est.14 Nov 2020);NS= Noi Sammarinesi (WeSammarinese, centrist, liberal conservative, soft Eurosceptic, est.26 Mar 2006); PDCS= Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese (SammarineseChristian-Democratic Party, centrist, christian-democratic, est.9 Apr 1948); PS= Partito Socialista (Socialist Party, social-democratic, center-left, pro-European, third way, merger of NPS and Partito Socialista Riformista Sammarinese, est.30 May 2012);PSD= Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici(Party of Socialists and Democrats, democratic socialist, center-left, pro-European, merger of PdD and PSS, est.18 Feb 2005);RETE = Movimento Civico Rinnovamento - Equità - Transparenza - Ecosostenibilità (Renewal, Equity, Transparency, Eco-sustainability Civic Movement, democratic socialist, environmentalist,reformist, secularist, est.20 Mar 2012);RF = Repubblica Futura (Future Republic, liberal, pro-European, merger of AP and Unione per la Repubblica [Union for the Republic], est.24 Feb 2017);Mil = Military; - Former parties:ANS = Alleanza Nazionale Sammarinese (Sammarinese National Alliance, national conservative, right-wing, 21 Feb 2008-Nov 2012 part of Unione Sammarinese dei Moderati [Sammarinese Union of Moderates] USDM coalition, 2001-2012, merged into PDCS, re-est.2012 - 1 Oct 2013, merged into Movimento Sammarinese Destra Sociale [Sammarinese Movement Social Right]); AP = Alleanza Popolare(Popular Alliance, centrist, liberal, former APDS, previously an alliance of PSDS and PDCS 1945-1954, 24 Jul 2006 - 24 Feb 2017, merged info RF);APDS= Alleanza Popolare dei Democratici Sammarinesi per laRepubblica (Popular Alliance ofSammarineseDemocrats for the Republic, centrist, liberal, 10 Jan 1993 - 24 Jul 2006, renamed AP); CdL = Comitato della Libertà (Committee of Freedom, anti-fascist coalition of PCS, PSS, opposed AP, 1943-1954); DdC = Democratici di Centro (Center Democrats, centrist, Christian left, split from PDCS, 27 Mar 2007 - 4 Ma 2011, merged into Unione Per la Repubblica);FRS= Fascio Repubblicano di San Marino(Republican Fascists of San Marino, fascist, nationalist, anti-communist,former PFS, state party 4 Apr - 21 Sep 1944,banned 16 Nov 1944, 4 Jan 1944 - 20 Sep 1944);MC10 = Movimento Civico 10 (10 Civic Movement, democratic socialist, populist, environmentalist, electronic democracy, anti-particracy, pro-European, 30 Jul 2012 - 14 Nov 2020, merged into Libera); NPS = Nuovo Partito Socialista (New Socialist Party, social democratic, third way, split from PSS, 18 Nov 2005 - 30 May 2012, merged into PS); PCS= Partito Comunista Sammarinese(SammarineseCommunist Party, communist, banned 1923-1944, refounded 1941, 21 Jan 1921 - Apr 1990, renamed PPDS);PdD= Partito dei Democratici(Democratic Party, democratic socialist, PCS splinter, 25 Mar 2001 - 25 Mar 2005, merged into PSD);PFS = Partito Fascista Sammarinese (San MarineseFascist Party, nationalist, Italian fascist, corporatist,anti-communist, 10 Aug 1922 - 28 Jul 1943, only legal party 1926 - 28 Jul 1943); PPDS= Partito Progressista Democratico Sammarinese- Convenzione Democratica (Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party-Democratic Convention, democratic socialist, post-communist, former PCS, 1990 - 25 Mar 2001, merged into PdD); PPS = Partito Popolare Sammarinese (Sammarinese People's Party, christian-democratic, populist, centrist, Dec 1919-1925, dissolved 1925); PSDIS = Partito Socialista Democratico Indipendente Sammarinese (Sammarinese Independent Democratic Socialist Party, democratic socialist, former PSIS, split from PSS, 14 Apr 1957-1975, merged into PSU); PSIS= Partito Socialista Indipendente Sammarinese (SammarineseIndependent Socialist Party, social democratic, center-left, split from PSS,Mar 1957 - 1990, merged into PSS); PSS= Partito Socialista Sammarinese (SammarineseSocialist Party, socialist to 1975 then social-democratic, 1926-1943 banned, 1892 - 18 Feb 2005, merged into PSD); PSU = Partito Socialista Unitario (Unitary Socialist Party, split from PSDIS, c.1985 renamed Partito Socialista Unitario–Intesa Socialista [Unitary Socialist Party–Socialist Agreement], 1975-1990, merged into PSS);RCS= Rifondazione Comunista Sammarinese (SammarineseCommunist Refoundation, communist, split from PCS, 1992-2012, merged into SU);SpR= Socialisti per le Riforme (Socialists for Reform, 1997-2009);SSD = Sinistra Socialista Democratica (Democratic Socialist Left, democratic socialist, merger of SU, Laboratorio Democratico [Democratic Laboratory], and Progressisti e Riformisti [Progressives and Reformists], 5 Jul 2016 - 30 Dec 2020, merged into Libera);SU = Sinistra Unita (United Left, democratic socialist, communist, environmentalist, Eurosceptic, formed by RCS and Partito della Sinistra - Zona Franca PdS [Left Party - Zona Franca a PDS splinter], until 2012 a coalition of PCS and PdS, 2 Aug 2006 - 10 Nov 2017, merged into SSD); UDS = Unione Democratica Sammarinese (San Marino Democratic Union, center-right, liberal, 1920-1925, 1945-1949)