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| States: Papal State
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(Piacenza) - Pesaro - Piombino
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Two Sicilies (Naples - Pescara
- Sicily) - United Italian
Provinces - Urbino - Venice (Bergamo
- Brescia - Crema - Sette Comuni) - Vescovato - |
Note: In 1500, Italy (except South Tyrol and Austrian Littoral, including Trieste) was omitted from the structure and the constitutional order of the Holy Roman Empire by the Imperial Reforms, still the suzerainty of the Emperors or at least the claims continued over the northern Italy, except the Republic of Venice, until the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. In 1731, there were around 73 imperial fiefdoms in so-called Imperial Italy and after 1754 they remained around 56. They are listed here (see list). Imperial Italy was supervised by the Imperial plenipotentiaries (see under Italy).
All the 18th century states ruled by a ruler with a style not lower than a Prince or Duke are recorded below. But in the pre-Napoleonic era there were also states ruled by Counts, Marquesses, Lords, etc. Almost all the population numbers of the 18th century are estimates. The post-1814 states are covered in their entirety.
Noble titles: signore/signora = lord/lady; conte/contessa = count/countess; marchese/marchesa = marquess/marchioness; principe/principessa = prince/princess; duca/duchessa = duke/duchess; granduca/granduchessa = grand duke/duchess; re/regina = king/queen.
Ecclesiastical titles: arcivescovo = archbishop; cardinale = cardinal; vescovo = bishop
Papal State
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![[Roman Republic, 1849 (Papal State, Italy)]](it.gif "[Roman Republic, 1849 (Papal State,
Italy)]") 12 Feb 1849 - 6 May 1849 Roman Republic |
![[Roman Republic, 1849 (Papal State, Italy)]](om-old.gif "[Roman Republic, 1849 (Papal State,
Italy)]") 6 May 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 Roman Republic |
![[Papal State
17th cent.-1798, 1800-c.1803 (Italy)]](it-chiesag1.gif "[Papal State 17th cent.-1798,
1800-c.1803 (Italy)]")
![[Papal State
c.1803-1809, 1814-1825 (Italy)]](It_chiesab.gif "[Papal
State c.1803-1809, 1814-1825 (Italy)]")
![[Roman Republic,
1798 (Papal State, Italy)]](rep-rom.gif "[Roman
Republic, 1798 (Papal State, Italy)]")
![[Roman
Republic, 1798-1799 (Papal State, Italy)]](rep-rom2.gif "[Roman Republic, 1798-1799 (Papal
State, Italy)]")
![[Papal State
1825-1870 (Italy)]](it-chiesa.gif "[Papal State
1825-1870 (Italy)]")
| Map of Papal State |
Hear
National Anthem "Gran Marcia Trionfale" (Great Triumphal March) Adopted 9 Jun 1857 |
Former Unofficial Anthem
"Noi vogliam Dio, Vergin Maria" (We want God, Virgin Mary)(1815-1857) |
Roman
Republic Constitutions (1798-99; 1849) Papal: 1848-49
(in Italian)
|
| Capital:
Rome (Roma) (Avignon 9 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377) |
Currency:
1866-1870 Union Latine Papal Lira (XULL); 1814-1867 Italian States Scudo (XITS); 1700-1835 Italian States Scudo Romano (XITS); 1500-1700 Italian States Testone (XITT); 900-1835 Italian States Lira (XITL) |
National Holiday:
Anniversario dell'Elezione del Santo Padre
(Anniversary of the election of Holy Father) |
Population:
3,126,000 (1857) |
| Exports: $9.7 million (1856) | Imports: $9.8 million (1856) | Military Force: 15,000 (1858) | Merchant marine: 1,800 ships (1856) |
14 Apr
754
Donation of Pepin creates a
temporal Papal State for the Popes
of
the Roman Catholic Church
(also called the Papal States
or
the States of the Church; in Latin Status
Pontificius, in
Italian
Stato della Chiesa)(confirmed
756 and 774, codified in
781).
28 Aug
846
Arab raid against Rome.
883 - Jun
915
Arabs establish a colony next to the ancient city of
Minturnae, near
the Garigliano River.
13 Feb
962
Privilegium Ottonianum, signed by
Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII,
confirming the Donation of Pepin
16 Jul
1054
The "Great Schism" divides the church into Eastern
(Orthodox) and
Western (Roman Catholic) churches.
28 May 1084 - Jun 1084
Normans sack Rome.
24 Jul 1177
By the Treaty of Venice Emperor
Frederick I recognized the temporal
rights of the Pope over the city of Rome.
1198
Duchy of Spoleto annexed (briefly under imperial
rule 1222-1228).
9 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Popes rule from
Avignon in modern day France, this era has been
referred to as the "Babylonian captivity of the Church"
by
some historians.
20 May 1347 - 15 Dec 1347 Cola di Rienzo
(b. c.1313 - d. 1354) becomes tribune and attempts
to restore the Roman Republic.
20 Jun 1357 - 22 Oct 1378 Cesena annexed.
20 Sep 1378 - 12 Mar 1403 During the "Great
Schism" rival (anti-)Popes rule from Avignon.
29 May 1434 - 25 Oct 1434 Roman Republic declared
in rebellion under the Banderesi and the
seven governors.
25 Sep
1463
Fano Lordship annexed (confirmed 3 Feb 1520).
20 Nov
1465
Cesena re-annexed.
31 Dec 1494 - 28 Jan 1495 French occupation
of Rome.
1504
Pentapoli marittima
re-annexed (Imola on 26 Dec 1504; Forlì on
7 Apr 1504; Ravenna on 21 May 1509; and Faenza in May
1509).
3 Feb 1520
Fermo Lordship annexed.
6 May
1527
Imperial forces sack Rome.
17 Jun 1528
Rimini re-incorporated.
1554
Perugia re-incorporated.
22 Jun 1692
Nepotism is outlawed in
Papal Bull Romanum decet Pontificem.
10 Feb 1798 - 27 Nov 1798 Rome occupied by France.
15 Feb 1798 - 30 Sep 1799 In rebellion: Roman Republic (Repubblica
Romana/République Romaine).
27 Nov 1798 - 12 Dec 1798 Rome occupied
by "Sicily" (Naples).
11 Jul 1799 - 28 Sep 1799 Rome occupied
France.
30 Sep 1799 - 3 Jul 1800 Rome
occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
22 Jun 1800
The government of Rome and provinces is
transferred from the
commander-in-chief of the army of the "Sicily" (Naples)
to the
legates
appointed by Pius VII, proclamations of the commander-in
-chief and of the legates of 22 Jun 1800.
3 Jul
1800
Papal State (restored).
Nov
1807
France occupies provinces of Urbino, Macerata, Fermo and
Spoleto;
on 11
May 1808 annexed to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
2 Feb 1809 - 17 May 1809 French occupation
of Rome, Latium and Umbria.
17 May
1809
Papal State (Rome and Latium) "re-united" with France in accordance
with an
imperial decree issued by the Emperor of the French on
17 May
1809 in Vienna. Divided into départements
of Tibre (from
1810,
Rome) and Trasimène.
10 Jun 1809
Incorporation of the Papal States
into the French Empire is declared
by a
proclamation of the Consulta straordinaria issued
in Rome
on 10 Jun 1809, as General Government of the Departments
formed
from the
Roman States (Gouvernement Général des Départements
formés
des Etats Romains).
17 Feb
1810
Rome is declared to be the second capital of the French
Empire.
20 Mar
1811
Title "King of Rome" given to Napoléon I's infant son.
19 Jan 1814 - 11 May 1814 Rome
occupied by Naples (under Murat).
14 Mar
1814
Papal State (restored).
11 May 1814
The government of Rome and provinces
is transferred from the
representative of the King of the Two Sicilies to the
apostolic
delegate, public ceremony, Rome.
22 Mar
1815
Rome occupied by Naples (under Murat).
22 May 1815 - 7 Jun 1815 Austrian
occupation.
7 Jun
1815
Papal State (restored).
18 Jul
1815
The Legations are remitted to the Pope.
26 Feb 1831 - 26 Apr 1831 In rebellion: United Italian
Provinces.
1831 -
1838
Romagna occupied by Austria and France.
14 Mar 1848
Fundamental Statute for the Temporal Government of the
States of
Holy
Church (Statuto Fondamentale pel Governo Temporale
degli Stati
di
Santa Chiesa) is issued by the Pope.
9 Feb 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 In rebellion:
Roman Republic (Repubblica
Romana).
4 Jul 1849 - 3 Aug 1849
Rome occupied by France.
4 Jul 1849 - 7 Aug
1870 French troops garrison Rome.
1 Aug 1849
The government of the Papal
States is transferred from the commander
-in-chief of the army of France to a commission
appointed by
Pius IX, order of the commander-in-chief of 1 Aug 1849.
1849 - 1859
Austrian troops garrison the Legations of
Romagna and the Marches.
18 Mar
1860
Sardinia annexes Romagna (Bologna, Ferrara,
Ravenna).
17 Dec
1860
Sardinia annexes Umbria, the Marches, Benevento
(on 25 Oct 1860),
and Pontecorvo (on 26 Dec 1860).
20 Sep 1870
Act of capitulation is signed by the commanders-in-chief
of the
troops
of the Papal States and of the troops of the King of
Italy
in Villa
Albani on 20 Sep 1870.
9 Oct 1870
Rome and Roman provinces (Provincie
Romane) are incorporated into
the Kingdom of Italy.
7 Jun
1929
State of Vatican City,
independent from Italy.
Popes (as Sovereigns of the Papal State)¹
-
in Rome
-
14
Apr 754
- 7
Jul
1304
see Popes of the Roman Catholic Church
-
in Avignon -
5 Jun 1305 - 20 Apr 1314
Clemens V (= Clement
V)
(b. 1264 - d. 1314)
(Bertrand de Got)
(in Avignon from Mar 1309)
20 Apr 1314 - 7 Aug 1316 interregnum
7 Aug 1316 - 4 Dec
1334 Ioannes XXII (= John
XXII)
(b. 1249 - d. 1334)
(Jacques-Arnaud d'Euse)(in Avignon)
12 May 1328 - 25 Aug 1330
Nicolaus V (= Nicholas
V)
(b. c.1260 - d. 1333)
(Pietro Rainalducci) (anti-pope)
(in Rome, then Viterbo)
30 Dec 1335 - 25 Apr 1342
Benedictus XII (= Benedict
XII)
(b. 1285 - d. 1342)
(Jacques Fournier)
7 May 1342 - 6 Dec
1352 Clemens VI (= Clement
VI)
(b. 1291 - d. 1352)
(Pierre Roger)
18 Dec 1352 - 12 Sep 1362
Innocentius VI (= Innocent
VI)
(b. 1282 - d. 1362)
(Étienne Aubert)
28 Sep 1362 - 19 Dec 1370
Urbanus V (= Urban
V)
(b. 1310 - d. 1370)
(Guillaume de Grimoard)
30 Dec 1370 - 17 Jan
1377 Gregorius XI (=
Gregory XI)
(b.
1329 - d. 1378)
(Pierre Roger de Beaufort)
(in Avignon to
13 Sep 1376,
then Rome from
17 Jan 1377)
20
Sep 1378 - 16 Sep
1394 Clemens VII (=
Clement VII)
(b.
1342 - d. 1394)
(Robert de Genève)
16 Sep 1394 - 28 Sep
1394 Pietro
Cardinale
Corsini
(b.
c.1335 - d. 1405)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
28
Sep 1394 - 4 Jul 1415
Benedictus XIII (= Benedict
XIII) (b. c.1328
- d. 1423)
(Pedro Martínez de
Luna)
(anti-Pope from 5 Jun 1409)
- in Rome -
17
Jan 1377 - 27
Mar 1378
Gregorius
XI
(s.a.)
27 Mar 1378
- 8 Apr
1378
Pietro
Cardinale
Corsini
(b.
c.1335 - d.
1405)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
8 Apr
1378 - 15 Oct
1389
Urbanus VI (=
Urban
VI)
(b. c.1318 -
d. 1389)
(Bartolomeo
Prignano)
15 Oct 1389
- 2 Nov
1389
Francesco
Moricotti Prignani
(b.
131. - d. 1394)
Cardinale
Butillo
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
2 Nov 1389
- 1 Oct
1404 Bonifacius
IX (= Boniface
IX)
(b. c.1359 - d. 1404)
(Pietro
Tomacelli)
1 Oct 1404 - 17 Oct
1404 Angelo
Cardinale
Acciajuoli
(b. 1340 - d. 1408)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
17
Oct 1404 - 6 Nov
1406 Innocentius VII (=
Innocent VII)
(b. 1336 - d.
1406)
(Cosimo
de' Migliorati)
6 Nov 1406 - 30 Nov
1406 Angelo Cardinale
Acciajuoli
(s.a.)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
30
Nov 1406 - 4 Jul
1415 Gregorius XII (=
Gregory XII)
(b. c.1327 - d.
1417)
(Angelo Correr)
(anti-Pope from 5 Jun 1409)
- in Pisa -
5
Jun 1409 - 26 Jun 1409
Enrico Cardinale
Minutoli
(b. 133. - d. 1412)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
(1st time)
26
Jun 1409 - 3 May 1410
Alexander V
(b. c.1339 - d.
1410)
(Pietro Philargi)
3 May 1410 - 17 May
1410 Enrico Cardinale
Minutoli
(s.a.)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
17
May 1410 - 29 May 1415 Ioannes
XXIII (= John
XXIII)
(b. c.1370 - d. 1419)
(Baldassarre Cossa)
(anti-Pope)
- in Rome -
4 Jul 1415 - 11 Nov 1417
Jean Cardinal Allarmet de
Brogny
(b. 1342 - d. 1426)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
11
Nov 1417 - 20 Feb 1431 Martinus
V (= Martin V)
(b. 1368 -
d. 1431)
(Oddone Colonna)
20 Feb 1431 - 3 Mar 1431
Antonio Cardinale Correr
(b. 1359 - d. 1445)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
3
Mar 1431 - 23 Feb 1447 Eugenius IV (=
Eugene IV)
(b. 1383? - d. 1447)
(Gabriele Condulmer)
5 Nov 1439 - 7 Apr 1449
Felix V (anti-Pope) (in Basel)
(b. 1383 - d.
1451)
(Amadeo
VIII, duca
di Savoia)
23 Feb 1447 - 6 Mar 1447
Giovanni Cardinale
Berardi
(b.
c.1380 - d. 1449)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
6
Mar 1447 - 24 Mar 1455 Nicolaus V (=
Nicholas V)
(b. 1397 - d. 1455)
(Tommaso
Parentucelli)
24 Mar 1455 - 8 Apr 1455 Giorgio
Cardinale Fieschi (1st time) (b. 140. -
d. 1461)
(dean
of the College
of Cardinals)
8
Apr 1455 - 6 Aug 1458 Calixtus III
(b. 1378 - d. 1458)
(Alfonso Borja)
6 Aug 1458 - 19 Aug 1458 Giorgio
Cardinale Fieschi (2nd time) (s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
19
Aug 1458 - 14 Aug 1464 Pius
II
(b. 1405 - d. 1464)
(Enea Silvio Piccolomini)
14 Aug 1464 - 30 Aug 1464 Guillaume
Cardinal
d'Estouteville (b.
1403 - d. 1483)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
30
Aug 1464 - 26 Jul 1471 Paulus II (= Paul
II)
(b. 1417 - d. 1471)
(Pietro Barbo)
26 Jul 1471 - 9 Aug 1471 Guillaume
Cardinal d'Estouteville
(s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
9
Aug 1471 - 12 Aug 1484 Xystus
IV (= Sixtus IV)
(b. 1414 - d. 1484)
(Francesco della Rovere)
12 Aug 1484 - 29 Aug 1484 Rodrigo Lanzol
Cardinale de Borja (b.
1431 - d. 1503)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
29
Aug 1484 - 25 Jul 1492 Innocentius VIII (=
Innocent VIII) (b. 1432 - d. 1492)
(Giovanni Battista Cybo)
25 Jul 1492 - 11 Aug 1492 Rodrigo Lanzol
Cardinale de Borja (s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
11
Aug 1492 - 18 Aug 1503 Alexander
VI
(s.a.)
(= de Borja)
18 Aug 1503 - 22 Sep 1503 Giuliano Cardinale
della Rovere (b.
1443 - d. 1513)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
22
Sep 1503 - 18 Oct 1503 Pius III
(b. 1439 - d. 1503)
(Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini)
18 Oct 1503 - 1 Nov 1503 Giuliano
Cardinale della Rovere
(s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
1
Nov 1503 - 21 Feb 1513 Iulius II (= Julius
II)
(s.a.)
(= della Rovere)
21 Feb 1513 - 9 Mar 1513 Raffaele
Sansoni Cardinale Riario
(b. 1461 - d. 1521)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
9
Mar 1513 - 1 Dec 1521 Leo X
(b. 1475 - d. 1521)
(Giovanni de' Medici)
1 Dec 1521 - 25 Aug 1522 Bernardino
Cardenal
López de Carvajal (b. 1455 - d. 1523)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
9 Jan 1522 - 14 Sep 1523 Adrianus VI
(= Hadrian
V)
(b. 1459 - d. 1523)
(Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens)
14 Sep 1523 - 19 Nov 1523 Bernardino Cardenal
López de Carvajal (s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
19
Nov 1523 - 25 Sep 1534 Clemens VII (=
Clement VII)
(b. 1478 - d. 1534)
(Giulio de' Medici)
25 Sep 1534 - 13 Oct 1534 Alessandro
Cardinale Farnese
(b. 1468 - d. 1549)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
13
Oct 1534 - 10 Nov 1549 Paulus III (= Paul
III)
(s.a.)
(= Farnese)
10 Nov 1549 - 7 Feb 1550 Giovanni
Domenico Cardinale De Cupis (b. 1493 - d.
1553)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
7
Feb 1550 - 23 Mar 1555 Iulius III (= Julius
III)
(b. 1487 - d. 1555)
(Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte)
23 Mar 1555 - 9 Apr 1555 Giovanni
Pietro Cardinale Caraffa (b.
1476 - d. 1559)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
9
Apr 1555 - 30 Apr 1555 Marcellus II
(b. 1501 - d. 1555)
(Marcello Cervini)
30 Apr 1555 - 23 May 1555 Giovanni Pietro
Cardinale Caraffa (s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
23
May 1555 - 18 Aug 1559 Paulus IV (= Paul
IV)
(s.a.)
(= Caraffa)
18 Aug 1559 - 25 Dec 1559 Jean Cardinal du
Bellay
(b. 1492 - d.
1560)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
25
Dec 1559 - 9 Dec 1565 Pius IV
(b.
1499 - d. 1565)
(Giovan Angelo de' Medici)
9 Dec 1565 - 7 Jan 1566 Francesco
Cardinale Pisani
(b. 1494 - d.
1570)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
7
Jan 1566 - 1 May 1572 Pius V
(b.
1504 - d. 1572)
(Antonio Michele Ghislieri)
1 May 1572 - 13 May 1572 Giovanni Girolamo
Cardinale Morone (b. 1509 - d. 1580)
(dean
of the College of
Cardinals)
13
May 1572 - 10 Apr 1585 Gregorius XIII (= Gregor
XIII) (b. 1502 - d. 1585)
(Ugo Boncompagni)
10 Apr 1585 - 24 Apr 1585 Alessandro Cardinale
Farnese
(b. 1520 - d. 1589)
(dean
of the College of
Cardinals)
24 Apr 1585 - 27 Aug 1590 Xystus
V (= Sixtus V)
(b. 1521 - d. 1590)
(Felice Peretti de Montalto)
27 Aug 1590 - 15 Sep 1590 Giovanni Battista
Cardinale Serbelloni(b. 1519 - d. 1591)
(dean of
the College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
15
Sep 1590 - 27 Sep 1590 Urbanus VII (= Urban
VII)
(b. 1521 - d. 1590)
(Giovanni Battista Castagni)
27 Sep 1590 - 5 Dec 1590 Giovanni Battista
Cardinale Serbelloni(s.a.)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
5
Dec 1590 - 16 Oct 1591 Gregorius XIV (= Gregory
XIV) (b. 1535 - d. 1591)
(Niccolò Sfondrati)
16 Oct 1591 - 29 Oct 1591 Alfonso Cardinale
Gesualdo di Conza (b. 1540 - d. 1603)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
29
Oct 1591 - 30 Dec 1591 Innocentius IX (=
Innocent IX) (b. 1519 - d.
1591)
(Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti)
30 Dec 1591 - 30 Jan 1592 Alfonso Cardinale
Gesualdo di Conza (s.a.)
(dean
of the College of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
30
Jan 1592 - 3 Mar 1605 Clemens VIII (=
Clement
VIII)
(b. 1536 - d. 1605)
(Ippolito Aldobrandini)
3 Mar 1605 - 1 Apr 1605 Tolomeo
Cardinale Gallio (1st time) (b. 1526 - d. 1607)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
1
Apr 1605 - 27 Apr 1605 Leo
XI
(b. 1535 - d. 1605)
(Alessandro
Ottaviano de' Medici)
27 Apr 1605 - 16 May 1605 Tolomeo Cardinale
Gallio (2nd time) (s.a.)
(dean
of the College of Cardinals)
16
May 1605 - 28 Jan 1621 Paulus V (= Paul V)
(b. 1552 - d. 1621)
(Camillo
Borghese)
28 Jan 1621 - 9 Feb 1621
Antonio Maria Cardinale Sauli
(b. 1541 - d. 1623)
(dean
of the College of Cardinals)
(1st time)
9
Feb 1621 - 8 Jul 1623 Gregorius XV (=
Gregory XV) (b.
1554 - d. 1623)
(Alessandro Ludovisi)
8 Jul 1623 - 6 Aug 1623 Antonio
Maria Cardinale Sauli
(s.a.)
(dean of the
College of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
6
Aug 1623 - 29 Jul 1644 Urbanus VIII (= Urban
VIII)
(b. 1568 - d. 1644)
(Maffeo Barberini)
29 Jul 1644 - 15 Sep 1644 Marcello Cardinale
Lante
(b. 1561 - d. 1652)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
15
Sep 1644 - 7 Jan 1655 Innocentius X (=
Innocent X) (b.
1574 - d. 1655)
(Giovanni Battista Pamphilj)
7 Jan 1655 - 7 Apr 1655 Carlo
Cardinale de' Medici
(b. 1595 - d. 1666)
(dean
of the College of Cardinals)
7
Apr 1655 - 22 May 1667 Alexander VII
(b. 1599 - d. 1667)
(Fabio Chigi)
22 May 1667 - 20 Jun 1667 Francesco Cardinale
Barberini (b.
1597 - d. 1679)
(dean of the
College of Cardinals)
(1st time)
20
Jun 1667 - 9 Dec 1669 Clemens IX (=
Clement
IX)
(b. 1600 - d. 1669)
(Giulio Rospigliosi)
9 Dec 1669 - 29 Apr 1670 Francesco
Cardinale Barberini
(s.a.)
(dean of the College
of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
29 Apr
1670 - 22 Jul 1676 Clemens X (= Clement X)
(b. 1590 - d. 1676)
(Emilio Bonaventura
Altieri)
22 Jul 1676 - 21 Sep 1676 Francesco Cardinale
Barberini (s.a.)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
(3rd time)
21 Sep 1676 - 12 Aug
1689 Innocentius XI (= Innocent
XI) (b.
1611 - d. 1689)
(Benedetto Odescalchi)
12 Aug 1689 - 6 Oct 1689 Alderano
Cardinale Cybo Malaspina
(b. 1613 - d. 1700)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
6 Oct 1689
- 1 Feb 1691 Alexander VIII
(b. 1610 - d. 1691)
(Pietro Vito Ottoboni)
1 Feb 1691 - 12 Jul 1691 Alderano
Cardinale Cybo Malaspina
(s.a.)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
12 Jul 1691 - 27 Sep 1700
Innocentius XII (= Innocent XII)
(b. 1615 - d. 1700)
(Antonio Pignatelli)
27 Sep 1700 - 23 Nov 1700
Emmanuel-Théodose Cardinal de La Tour (b.
1643 - d. 1715)
d'Auvergne
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
23 Nov 1700 - 19 Mar 1721 Clemens XI (=
Clement XI)
(b. 1649 - d. 1721)
(Giovanni Francesco Albani)
19 Mar 1721 - 8 May 1721 Sebastiano
Antonio Cardinale Tanara
(b. 1650 - d. 1724)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
(1st
time)
8
May 1721 - 7 Mar 1724 Innocentius XIII (=
Innocent XIII) (b. 1655 - d. 1724)
(Michelangelo dei Conti)
7 Mar 1724 - 5 May 1724 Sebastiano
Antonio Cardinale Tanara
(s.a.)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
(2nd
time)
5
May 1724 - 29 May 1724 Pier Francesco Cardinale
Orsini (b. 1649 -
d. 1730)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
29
May 1724 - 21 Feb 1730 Benedictus XIII (=
Benedict XIII) (s.a.)
(= Orsini)
21 Feb 1730 - 12 Jul 1730 Francesco
Cardinale Barberini
(b. 1662 - d. 1738)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
12
Jul 1730 - 6 Feb 1740 Clemens XII (=
Clement XII)
(b. 1652 - d. 1740)
(Lorenzo Corsini dei Sismano)
6 Feb 1740 - 25 Feb 1740 Pietro
Cardinale Ottoboni
(b. 1667 - d.
1740)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
25 Feb 1740 - 17 Aug 1740 Tommaso Cardianle
Ruffo
(b. 1663 - d. 1753)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
17
Aug 1740 - 3 May 1758 Benedictus XIV (=
Benedict XIV) (b. 1675 - d. 1758)
(Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini)
3 May 1758 - 6 Jul 1758 Rainiero
Cardinale d'Elci
(b. 1670 - d. 1761)
(dean of the College of
Cardinals)
6
Jul 1758 - 2 Feb 1769 Clemens
XIII (= Clement XIII)
(b. 1693 - d. 1769)
(Carlo Rezzonico)
2 Feb 1769 - 19 May 1769 Carlo
Alberto Guidobono Cardinale (b. 1683 -
d. 1774)
Cavalchini
(dean of the College
of Cardinals)
19
May 1769 - 22 Sep 1774
Clemens XIV (= Clement
XIV) (b.
1705 - d. 1774)
(Giovanni Ganganelli)
22 Sep 1774 - 15 Feb 1775 Fabrizio
Cardinale Serbelloni
(b. 1695 - d. 1775)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
15
Feb 1775 - 15 Feb 1798 Pius
VI
(b. 1717 - d. 1799)
(Giovanni Angelo Braschi)
(from
20 Feb 1798, prisoner in Valence, France)
15 Feb 1798 - 3 Jul 1800 the Roman Republic
22 Jun 1800 - 3 Jul 1800 Papal Legates
(Legati a Latere)
-
Giovanni Francesco Cardinale Albani (b. 1720 - d.
1803)
- Aurelio Cardinale Roverella
(b. 1748 - d. 1812)
-
Giulio Maria Cardinale
della (b.
1744 - d. 1830)
Somaglia
3 Jul 1800 - 10 Jun 1809
Pius VII (1st time)
(b. 1742 - d. 1823)
(Giorgio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti)
(French prisoner 6 Jul 1809 - 25 Mar 1812; in
Savona
to 19 Jun 1812 and 16-19 Mar 1814; at
Fontainebleau
19 Jun 1812 - 23 Jan 1814;
returned to Rome 24 May 1814)
17 May 1809 - 14 Mar 1814 annexed
to France
11 May 1814 - 24 May 1814 Agostino Cardinale
Rivarola
(s.a.)
(apostolic delegate [Delegato
Apostolico])
24 May 1814 - 20
Aug 1823 Pius VII (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(arrived in Rome 24 May 1814)
20 Aug 1823 - 28 Sep 1823 Giulio Maria Cardinale
della Somaglia (b. 1744 - d. 1830)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(1st time)
28
Sep 1823 - 10 Feb 1829 Leo
XII
(b. 1760 - d. 1829)
(Annibale della Genga)
10 Feb 1829
- 31
Mar 1829 Giulio Maria
Cardinale della Somaglia (s.a.)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
(2nd time)
31
Mar 1829 - 30 Nov 1830 Pius
VIII
(b. 1761 - d. 1830)
(Francesco Saverio Castiglioni)
30 Nov 1830 - 2 Feb 1831 Bartolomeo
Cardinale Pacca
(b. 1756 - d. 1844)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
2
Feb 1831 - 1 Jun 1846 Gregorius XVI (=
Gregory XVI) (b. 1765
- d. 1846)
(Bartolomeo Alberto Capellari)
1 Jun 1846 - 16 Jun 1846 Ludovico
Cardinale Micara
(b. 1775 - d. 1847)
(dean of the
College of
Cardinals)
16
Jun 1846 - 9 Feb 1849 Pius IX (1st time)
(b. 1792 - d. 1878)
(Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti)
(in Kingdom of Naples exile 24 Nov 1848 - 12 May 1850)
9 Feb 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 the Roman
Republic
20 Dec 1848 - 29 Dec 1848 Supreme
State Junta
[acting in name of Pope Pius IX who did not recognize
it]
- Tommaso, principe Corsini
(b. 1767 - d. 1856)
(resigned bf.29 Dec 1848)
-
Francesco, conte
Camerata
(b. 1787 - d. 1870)
-
Giuseppe
Galletti
(b. 1798 - d. 1873)
29 Dec 1848 - 5 Feb 1849 Provisional
Commission of Government
of
the Roman State
- Carlo Emanuele, conte Muzzarelli
(b. 1797 - d. 1856)
- Carlo Armellini
(b. 1777 - d. 1863)
- Federico
Galeotti
(b. 1791 - d. 1871)
- Livio Mariani
(b. 1793 - d. 1855)
- Pietro Sterbini
(b. 1793 - d. 1863)
- Pompeo Campello
(b.
1803 - d. 1884)
4 Jul 1849 - 12 Apr 1850 State
Government Commission
- Gabriele Cardinale della Genga
(b. 1801 - d. 1861)
Sermattei
-
Lodovico Cardinale Altieri
(b. 1805 - d. 1867)
- Luigi Cardinale Vannicelli Casoni (b.
1801 - d. 1877)
12 May 1850 - 9 Oct 1870 Pius
IX (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Italian Military Commander
20 Sep 1870 - 9 Oct 1870
Raffaele Alessandro
Cadorna
(b. 1815 - d. 1897)
Lieutenant General of the King for Rome and the Roman
Provinces
9 Oct 1870 - 25 Jan 1871
Alfonso Ferrero Della
Marmora
(b. 1804 - d. 1878)
Chamberlains
(Camerlengo [Camerarius])
-
in Avignon -
24 Dec 1383 - 30 Oct 1414 François
Cardinal de Conzié
(b. 1356 - d. 1432)
30 Oct 1414 - 4 Jul 1415 Pierre
Cardinal de Foix, le vieux (b.
1386 - d. 1464)
-
in Rome -
24
Apr 1396 - 1 Dec 1406 Corrado
Caraccioli
(b. 135.
- d. 1411)
(from 12 Jun 1405, Corrado Cardinale
Caraccioli)
(acting to May 1396)
1
Dec 1406 - 17 Jun 1412 Enrico Cardinale
Minutoli
(s.a.)
17
Jun 1412 - Jul 1412 ....
(acting)
Jul
1412 - 4 Jul 1415 Antonio
Cardinale Correr
(s.a.)
4
Jul 1415 - 21 Nov 1417 Amedeo Cardinale di Saluzzo
(acting) (b. c.1361 - d. 1419)
21 Nov 1417 - Mar 1431
François Cardinal de
Conzié
(s.a.)
Jan
1428 - Mar
1431 Louis
Cardinal Aleman (in Rome) (b.
c.1390 - d. 1450)
(acting
for de Conzié)
Mar 1431 - 24 Jan 1432 Niccolò
Cardinale Albergati
(b. 1375 - d. 1443)
24 Jan 1432 - Jul 1440
Francesco Cardinale Condulmer
(b. c.1410 - d. 1453)
Jul
1440 - 22 Mar 1465 Ludovico Cardinale
Trevisano
(b. 1401 - d. 1465)
22
Mar 1465 - 12 Aug 1471 Vianesio Albergati (acting)
(d. 1475)
12
Aug 1471 - 11 Aug 1477 Latino Cardinale
Orsini
(b. c.1410 - d.
1477)
12 Aug 1477 - 22 Jan 1483
Guillaume Cardinal
d'Estouteville (s.a.)
24
Jan 1483 - 9 Jul 1521 Raffaele Sansoni
Cardinale Riario (s.a.)
14 Jul 1521 - 13 Sep 1521 Innocenzo
Cardinal Cybo (Cibo)(acting)(b. 1491 - d. 1550)
13
Sep 1521 - Oct 1527 Francesco
Armellini (Pantalassi) (b. 1470
- d. 1527)
Cardinal de' Medici
Oct
1527 - 8 Jun 1528 .... (acting)
8
Jun 1528 - 18 Oct 1537 Agostino Cardinale
Spinola
(b. c.1482 - d. 1537) Superintendent
of the
Ecclesiastical
State
(= Cardinalis-Nepos [Cardinal
Nephew])
18
Dec 1534 - 10 Nov 1549 Alessandro Cardinale
Farnese
(s.a.)
10 Nov 1549 - 30 May 1550 Guido Ascanio
Cardinale Sforza di (b. 1518 - d. 1564)
Santa Fiora (1st time) (acting)
30
May 1550 - 23 Mar 1555 Innocenzo Ciocchi del
Monte (b.
1532 - d. 1577)
(from 2 Jun 1550, Innocenzo Cardinale Ciocchi
del Monte)
23 Mar 1555 - 30 Aug 1555 Guido Ascanio
Cardinale Sforza di (s.a.)
Santa
Fiora (2nd time)(acting)
30
Aug 1555 - 18 Aug 1559 Carlo Cardinale
Caraffa
(b. 1517 - d. 1561)
18 Aug 1559 - 31 Jan 1560 Guido Ascanio
Cardinale Sforza di (s.a.)
Santa Fiora (3rdd time)(acting)
31 Jan 1560 - 9 Dec 1565 Carlo
Borromeo
(b. 1538 - d. 1584)
(from 14 Feb 1560, Carlo Cardinale
Borromeo)
9 Dec 1565 - 19 Nov 1568 Vitellozzo
Cardinale Vitelli (acting) (b. 1531 - d. 1568)
19
Nov 1568 - 3 Dec 1568 Vacant
3 Dec 1568 - 1 May 1572
Michele Cardinale Bonelli
(b. 1541 - d. 1598)
(acting to 19 Jun 1571)
1 May 1572 - 2 Jun
1572 Luigi Cardinale Cornaro della Regina
(b. 1517 - d. 1584)
(acting)
2
Jun 1572 - 10 Apr 1585 Filippo
Boncompagni
(b. 1548 - d. 1586)
(from 16 Jun 1572, Filippo Cardinale
Boncompagni)
10 Apr 1585 - 13 May 1585 Filippo
Cardinale Guastavillani (b.
1541 - d. 1587)
(acting)
13 May 1585 - 27 Aug 1590 Alessandro
Damasceni Peretti
(b. 1571 - d. 1623)
(from 14 Jun 1585, Alessandro Damasceni Cardinale
Peretti)
27
Aug 1590 - 19 Dec 1590 Enrico Cardinale Caetani
(1st time) (b. 1550 - d. 1599)
(acting)
19
Dec 1590 - 15 Oct 1591 Paolo Emilio
Sfondrati
(b. 1560 - d. 1618)
(from 1 Jan 1591, Paolo Emilio Cardianle
Sfondrati)
16
Oct 1591 - 18 Dec 1591 Enrico Cardinale Caetani
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
18
Dec 1591 - 30 Dec 1591 Giovanni Antonio
Facchinetti de Nuce (b. 1575 - d.
1606)
30
Dec 1591 - 17 Sep 1593 Enrico Cardinale Caetani
(3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
17
Sep 1593 - 3 Mar 1605 Cinzio Passeri
Aldobrandini
(b. 1551 - d. 1610)
(from 11 Oct 1593, Cinzio
Passeri Cardinale Aldobrandini)
+ Pietro Aldobrandini (1st time) (b.
1571 - d. 1621)
(from
3 Nov 1593, Pietro Cardinale Aldobrandini)
3
Mar 1605 - 18 Jul 1605 Pietro Cardinale
Aldobrandini
(s.a.)
(acting to 1 Apr 1605 and from 27 Apr 1605)
(2nd time)
18 Jul 1605 - 28 Jan 1621 Scipione
Caffarelli Borghese
(b. 1576 - d. 1633)
(from 17 Aug
1605, Scipione Caffarelli Cardinale Borghese)
28
Jan 1621 - 10 Feb 1621 Pietro Cardinale
Aldobrandini (s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting)
10
Feb 1621 - 15 Feb 1621
Vacant
15 Feb 1621 - 8 Jul 1623 Ludovico
Ludovisi
(b. 1595 - d.
1632)
(from 17 Mar 1621, Ludovico
Cardinale Ludovisi)
8
Jul 1623 - 2 Oct 1623 Ippolito Cardinale
Aldobrandini (b. 1591 -
d. 1638)
(acting)
2
Oct 1623 - 29 Jul 1644 Francisco Barberini,
seniore
(s.a.)
(from 20 Nov 1623, Francisco Cardinale
Barberini)
29
Jul 1644 - 15 Sep 1644 Antonio Cardinale Barberini
(1st time)(b. 1607 - d. 1671)
(acting)
15
Sep 1644 - 14 Nov 1644 Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli
(1st time) (b. 1587 - d. 1651)
(acting)
14
Nov 1644 - 21 Jan 1647 Camillo Francesco Maria
Pamphilj (b. 1622 - d.
1666)
(from 12 Dec 1644, Camillo Francesco Maria
Cardinale Pamphilj)
21
Jan 1647 - 19 Sep 1650 Giovanni Giacomo Cardinale
Panciroli (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
19
Sep 1650 - 7 Jan 1655 Camillo
Cardinale Astalli Pamphilj
(b. 1618 - d. 1663)
7
Jan 1655 - Apr 1655 Antonio Cardinale
Barberini (2nd time)(b. 1607 - d. 1671)
(acting)
Secretary of State
Apr 1655 - 22 May 1667
Giulio Rospigliosi
(s.a.)
(from 23 Apr 1657, Giulio
Cardinale Rospigliosi)
(from 20
Jun 1667, Pope Clemens IX)
Superintendents general of the Affairs of the
Apostolic See
16 Apr 1657 - 22 May
1667 Flavio Chigi, seniore
(b. 1631 - d. 1693)
(from 23 Apr 1657, Flavio
Cardinale Chigi)
22 May 1667 - 25 Jun 1667 Antonio
Cardinale Barberini (3rd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
Secretary of State
25 Jun 1667 - 9 Dec 1669
Decio Cardinale Azzolini,
iuniore (b. 1623 - d.
1689)
Superintendents general of the Affairs of the
Apostolic See
16 Dec 1667 - 9 Dec 1669
Giacomo Rospigliosi
(b. 1628 - d. 1684)
(from 30 Jan 1698, Giacomo Cardinale
Rospigliosi)
9 Dec 1669 - 29 Apr 1670 Antonio
Cardinale Barberini (4th time)(s.a.)
(acting)
Superintendent of the Ecclesiastical State
(= Cardinalis-Nepos [Cardinal
Nephew])
29 Apr 1670 - 23 Sep 1676
Paluzzo Cardinale Paluzzi
Altieri (b. 1623 - d. 1698)
(acting from 22 Jul 1676)
Secretaries of State
23 Sep 1676 - 12 Aug 1689 Alderano
Cardinale Cybo Malaspina (s.a.)
12 Aug 1689 - 7 Nov 1689 Paluzzo
Cardinale Paluzzi Altieri
(s.a.)
(acting)
Superintendent general of the Affairs of the Apostolic
See
8 Nov 1689 - 1 Feb 1691
Pietro Ottoboni
(b. 1667 - d. 1740)
(from 14 Nov 1689, Pietro
Cardinale Ottoboni)
1 Feb 1691 - 14 Jul 1691
Paluzzo Cardinale Paluzzi Altieri
(s.a.)
(acting)
Secretaries of State
14 Jul 1691 - 27
Sep 1700 Fabrizio Cardinale
Spada
(b. 1643 - d. 1717)
27 Sep 1700
- 3 Dec 1700 Giovanni Battista Cardinale
Spinola (b. 1646 - d. 1719)
(acting)
3 Dec 1700 - 19 Mar
1721 Fabrizio Cardinale Paolucci (1st time)(b.
1651 - d. 1726)
19 Mar 1721 - 10
May 1721 Annibale Cardinale Albani (1st
time) (b. 1682 - d. 1751)
(acting)
10 May 1721 - 7 Mar 1724
Giorgio Cardinale
Spinola
(b. 1667 - d. 1739)
7 Mar 1724 - 6
Jun 1724 Annibale Cardinale
Albani (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
6 Jun 1724 - 12 Jun 1726
Fabrizio Cardinale Paolucci (2nd time)(s.a.)
12 Jun 1726 - 14
Jun 1726 Annibale Cardinale
Albani (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
14 Jun 1726 - 21 Feb 1730 Niccolò
Maria Lercari
(b. 1675 - d. 1757)
(from 16
Dec 1726, Niccolò Maria
Cardinale Lercari)
21 Feb 1730 - 15 Jul 1730
Annibale Cardinale Albani (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting)
15 Jul 1730 - 16 Sep 1733
Antonio Cardinale
Banchieri
(b. 1667 - d. 1733)
16 Sep 1733 - 4 Oct 1733
Annibale Cardinale Albani (5th time) (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Oct 1733 - 6
Feb 1740 Giuseppe Cardinale Firrao
(b. 1670 - d. 1744)
6 Feb 1740 - 20 Aug
1740 Annibale Cardinale Albani (6th
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
20 Aug 1740 - 28 Aug
1756 Silvio Cardinale Valenti
Gonzaga (b. 1690 - d.
1756)
10 Sep 1756
- 3 May 1758 Alberico Cardinale Archinto
(1st time)(b. 1698 - d. 1758)
3 May 1758
- 6 Jul 1758 Girolamo Cardinale
Colonna di Sciarra (b. 1708 -
d. 1763)
(1st time)(acting)
6 Jul 1758 - 30 Sep 1758 Alberico
Cardinale Archinto (2nd time)(s.a.)
30 Sep 1758 - 8 Oct 1758 Girolamo
Cardinale Colonna di Sciarra (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
8 Oct 1758 - 2 Feb
1769 Luigi Maria Cardinale Torriggiani
(b. 1697 - d. 1777)
2 Feb 1769
- 19 May 1769 Carlo Cardinale Rezzonico (1st
time) (b. 1724 - d. 1799)
(acting)
19 May 1769 - 21 Sep 1774
Lazzaro Opizio Cardinale Pallavicini (b. 1719 - d.
1785)
(1st time)
21 Sep 1774 - 15 Feb 1775
Carlo Cardinale Rezzonico (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
15 Feb 1775 - 23 Feb 1785
Lazzaro Opizio Cardinale Pallavicini (s.a.)
(2nd time)
23 Feb 1785 - 29 Jun 1775
Carlo Cardinale Rezzonico (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
29 Jun 1785 - 14 Oct 1789
Ignazio Gaetano Cardinale Boncompagni
(b. 1743 - d. 1790)
Ludovisi
14 Oct 1789
- 9 Aug 1796 Francesco Saverio Cardinale de
Zelada (b. 1717 - d. 1801)
y Rodríguez
9 Aug 1796 - 18 Mar 1797
Ignazio Cardinale
Busca
(b. 1731 - d. 1803)
18 Mar 1797 - 15
Feb 1798 Giuseppe Cardinale Pamphilj Landi
(b. 1751 - d. 1816)
(1st time)
3 Jul 1800 - 21 Jun
1806 Ercole Consalvi (1st time)
(b. 1757 - d. 1824)
(from 20 Oct 1800, Ercole Cardinale Consalvi)
(acting to 11 Aug 1800)
6 Jun 1801 - 31 Jul
1801 Giuseppe Cardinale Doria Pamphilj
(s.a.)
(acting for Consalvi)
21 Jun 1806 - 2 Feb 1808
Filippo Cardinale Casoni
(acting) (b. 1733 - d.
1811)
2 Feb 1808 - 26
Mar 1808 Giuseppe Cardinale Doria
Pamphilj (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
26
Mar 1808 - 16 Jun 1808 Giulio Cardinale Gabrielli
(acting) (b. 1748 - d. 1822)
18 Jun 1808
- 6 Jul 1809 Bartolomeo
Cardinale Pacca (1st time) (b. 1756 - d. 1844)
(acting)
24 May 1814 - 20
Aug 1823 Ercole Cardinale Consalvi (2nd
time) (s.a.)
24 May 1814
- 5 Jul 1815 Bartolomeo
Cardinale Pacca
(s.a.)
(acting for Consalvi)
20 Aug 1823 - 28
Sep 1823 Bartolomeo
Cardinale Pacca (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
28 Sep 1823 - 17 Jun
1828 Giulio Maria Cardinale della
Somaglia (s.a.)
17 Jun 1828 - 10
Feb 1829 Tommaso Cardinale Bernetti
(1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1852)
10 Feb 1879
- 31 Mar 1829 Pier Francesco Cardinale
Galeffi (b. 1770 - d. 1837)
(1st time)(acting)
31 Mar 1829 - 30 Nov 1830 Giuseppe
Cardinale Albani
(b. 1750 - d. 1834)
30 Nov 1830 - 21
Feb 1831 Pier Francesco Cardinale Galeffi
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
21 Feb 1831 - 12 Jan
1836 Tommaso Cardinale Bernetti
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 10 Aug 1831)
12 Jan 1836 - 1 Jun 1846
Luigi Cardinale Lambruschini
(b. 1776 - d. 1854)
1 Jun 1846
- 16 Jun 1846 Pietro Tommaso Cardinale Riario
(b. 1782 - d. 1857)
Sforza (acting)
16 Jun 1846 - 1 Aug
1846 Vacant
1 Aug 1846 - 14 Jun 1847 Tommaso
Pasquale Cardinale
Gizzi (b. 1787 - d. 1849)
Secretaries
of State and Presidents of the Council of
Ministers
14 Jun 1847 - 14 Jul 1847
Tommaso Pasquale Cardinale
Gizzi (s.a.)
17 Jul 1847 - 1 Feb 1848
Gabriele Cardinale Ferretti
(b. 1795 - d.
1860)
1 Feb 1848 - 11 Mar
1848 Giuseppe Cardinale Bofondi
(b. 1795 - d. 1867)
11
Mar 1848 - 4 May 1848 Giacomo
Cardinale Antonelli (1st time)(b. 1806
- d. 1876)
(president of Supreme Council of External
Affairs with the States)
4 May 1848
- 2 Jun 1848 Antonio
Francesco Cardinale Orioli
(b. 1778 - d. 1852)
4 May 1848 - 2
Jun 1848 Terenzio, conte Mamiani della
Rovere (b. 1799 - d. 1885) Lib
(acting for Orioli)
2 Jun 1848 -
29 Nov 1848 Giovanni Cardinale Soglia
Ceroni (b. 1779
- d. 1856)
2
Jun 1848 - 2 Aug 1848 Terenzio, conte
Mamiani della Rovere (s.a.)
Lib
(acting for Soglia Ceroni)
2 Aug 1848 - 16 Sep 1848
Edoardo, conte Fabbri
(b. 1778 -
d. 1853) Lib
(acting for Soglia Ceroni)
16 Sep 1848 - 15 Nov 1848
Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo, conte Rossi (b. 1787 - d.
1848) Lib
(acting for Soglia Ceroni)
16 Nov 1848 - 29 Nov 1848
Carlo Emanuele, conte
Muzzarelli (b. 1797 - d.
1856)
(acting for Soglia Ceroni)
President of the Council of
Ministers (prime minister)
29 Nov 1848 - 9 Feb 1849
Carlo Emanuele, conte
Muzzarelli (s.a.)
Non-party
President of the Governing Commission
27 Nov 1848 - 11 Feb 1849 Castruccio Cardinale
Castracane degli (b. 1779 - d. 1852)
Antelminelli
Secretary of State and President
of the council of ministers
12 Apr 1850 - 19 Oct 1870 Giacomo
Cardinale Antonelli (2nd
time)(s.a.)
Secretaries
of State
19 Oct 1870 - 6 Nov 1876
Giacomo Cardinale Antonelli
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1876 - 7 Feb 1878
Giovanni Cardinale Simeoni
(b. 1816 - d. 1892)
7 Feb 1878
- 5 Mar 1878 Gioacchino Cardinale Pecci
(acting) (b. 1810 - d. 1903)
5 Mar 1878 - 31 Jul 1878 Alessandro
Cardinale Franchi
(b. 1819 - d. 1878)
9 Aug 1878
- 16 Dec 1880 Lorenzo Cardinale
Nina
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
16 Dec 1880 - 28
Feb 1887 Lodovico Cardinale Jacobini
(b. 1832 - d. 1887)
28 Feb 1887
- 2 Jun 1887 Mario Mocenni (acting)
(b. 1823 - d. 1904)
2 Jun 1887 - 20 Jul 1903
Mariano Cardinale Rampolla del Tindaro(b.
1843 - d. 1913)
20 Jul 1903
- 4 Aug 1903 Luigi Cardinale Oreglia
di Santo (b. 1828 - d. 1913)
Stefano (acting)
4 Aug 1903 - 20 Aug 1914 Rafael
Merry Cardinal del Val y
(b. 1865 - d. 1930)
Zulueta (acting to 12
Nov 1903)
20 Aug 1914
- 3 Sep 1914 Francesco Cardinale
Salesio Della
(b. 1844 - d. 1916)
Volpe (acting)
4 Sep 1914 - 10 Oct 1914
Domenico Cardinale Ferrata
(b. 1847 -
d. 1914)
10 Oct 1914 - 13 Oct 1914
Federico Tedeschini (acting)
(b. 1873 - d. 1959)
13 Oct 1914 - 10 Feb 1930 Pietro
Cardinale
Gasparri
(b. 1852 - d. 1934)
(acting 22 Jan - 6 Feb 1922)
¹Papal title (in Latin): Episcopus
Romanus, Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis;
(in Italian) Vescovo di Roma, Sommo
Pontefice della Chiesa Cattolica ("Bishop of Rome,
Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church");
Note: In several cases (1798-1799,
1800-1814, 1848-1849 and 1870-1929) Popes
continued as heads of the Roman Catholic Church while in
exile or in captivity, but without exercising temporal
sovereignty over the Papal State.
French Governor of Rome
9 Nov 1798 - 11 Jan 1799
Etienne Jacques Joseph
Alexandre (b. 1765 - d.
1840)
MacDonald
First Lieutenants of the
Government General of the Departments formed from the
Roman States
(title Gouverneur général des Départements formés
des Etats Romains)
Feb 1808 -
1809
Sextius Alexandre François de Miollis,(b. 1759 - d.
1828)
(from 16 Sep 1808) comte de Miollis
(1st time)(commander of the division of Rome)
1809 - Feb
1811
Jean Léonard François, comte
(b. 1776 - d. 1836)
Le Marois (Lemarrois)
19 Feb 1811 - 30 Feb
1814 Sextius Alexandre François,
comte (s.a.)
de
Miollis (2nd time)
(from 19 Jan 1814, in Castel Sant'Angelo resisting
Murat)
15 Jul
1809
French département Tibre
(Tiber).
17 Feb
1810
Renamed département Rome
(Roma).
19 Jan
1814
End of French rule.
19 Jan 1814 - Mar 1814 Occupied
by Naples under Murat.
Prefect
6 Sep 1809 - 19 Jan 1814
Camille Casimir Philippe Marcellin, (b. 1778
- d. 1833)
comte de Tournon-Simiane
15 Jul 1809
French département Trasimène
(prefecture Spoleto).
1814
End of French rule.
Prefect
6 Sep 1809 - 24 Feb 1814
Antoine Marie, baron
Roederer (b.
1782 - d. 1865)
Roman Republic
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15 Feb 1798 - 23 Jun 1800 Roman Republic
(Repubblica Romana/République Romaine).
27 Nov 1798 - 12 Dec 1798 Occupied by
"Sicily" (Naples).
11 Jul 1799 - 28 Sep 1799 Occupied by
France.
30 Sep 1799 - 3 Jul 1800 Occupied
by "Sicily" (Naples).
9 Feb 1849 - 4
Jul 1849 Roman Republic (Repubblica Romana).
4 Jul 1849 - 3 Aug 1849
Occupied by France.
Consuls
15 Feb 1798 - 20 Mar
1798 Provisional Consuls
- Francesco Riganti
- Carlo Luigi Costantini
(b. 1739 - d. 1799)
- Pio Camillo, duca Bonelli- (b.
1757 - d. 1837)
Crescenzi
- Gioacchino Pessuti
(b. 1743 - d. 1814)
- Antonio Bassi
- Domenico Maggi
- Angelo Stampa
- Liborio Angelucci
(b. 1746 - d. 1811)
20 Mar 1798 - Sep
1798 Consuls
- Liborio Angelucci
(s.a.)
- Giacomo De Mattheis
- Pietro Panazzi
- Pietro Reppi
- Ennio Quirino Visconti
(b. 1751 - d. 1818)
Sep 1798 - 27 Nov
1798 Consuls
- Brigi (1st time)
- Calisti (1st time)
- Francesco Pierelli (1st time)
- Giuseppe Rey (1st time)
- Federico Maria Domenico Michele (b. 1760 - d.
18..)
Zaccaleoni (1st time)
29 Nov 1798 - 12 Dec
1798 Provisional Government
- Giambattista, principe Borghese
- Paolo-Maria Borghese,
principe
Aldobrandini
- Principe Gibrielli
- Marchese Camillo Massimo
(b. 1730 - d. 1801)
- Giovanni Ricci
12 Dec 1798 - 24 Jul
1799 Consuls
- Brigi (2nd time)
- Calisti (2nd time)
- Francesco Pierelli (2nd time)
- Giuseppe Rey (2nd time)
- Federico Maria Domenico Michele (s.a.)
Zaccaleoni (2nd time)
President of the
Provisional Committee
24 Jul 1799 - 30 Sep 1799
Jean Périllier
10 Oct 1799 - 23 Jun 1800
Supreme Government Junta
- Alessandro, conte Bonaccorsi (b.
1740 - d. 1817)
- marchese Angelo Massimo
- principe Girolamo Colonna
- marchese Clemente Muti
(b. 1777 - d. 1821)
- Antonio Maria Lippi
Naples Governors of Rome
27 Sep 1799 – Oct 1799 Emanuel
Burckhardt
(b. 1744 - d. 1820)
(Emanuel de Bourcard)
Oct 1799 - 3 Jul 1800
Diego
Naselli
(b. 1754 - d. 1832)
(commander-in-chief of Rome)
President of the Constituent Assembly
9 Feb 1849 - 10 Feb 1849 Giuseppe
Galletti
(b. 1798 - d.
1873) Lib
10 Feb 1849 - 29 Mar 1849 Executive
Committee
- Carlo Armellini
(b. 1777 - d. 1863) Lib
- Aurelio Saliceti
(b. 1804 - d. 1862) Lib
- Mattia Montecchi
(b. 1816 - d. 1871) Lib
29 Mar 1849 - 1 Jul
1849 Triumvirate
- Carlo
Armellini
(s.a.)
Lib
- Giuseppe Mazzini
(b. 1805 - d. 1872) Lib
- Aurelio Saffi
(b.
1819 - d. 1890) Lib
1 Jul 1849 - 4
Jul 1849 Triumvirate
- Aurelio Saliceti
(s.a.)
Lib
- Alessandro Calandrelli
(b. 1805 - d. 1888) Mil
- Livio Mariani
(b. 1793 - d.
1855) Lib
General-in-chief of the Corps
Expéditionnaire Français
4 Jul 1849 - 3 Aug 1849 Charles
Nicolas Victor Oudinot, (b. 1791 - d.
1863) Mil
duc de Reggio
Tiberina Republic
![[France]](fr.gif "[France]")
4 Feb 1798 Republicans take control of Perugia and proclaim it the
Tiberina Republic (Repubblica Tiberina/République Tibérine).
7 Mar 1798 Merged into Roman Republic.
Consul
4 Feb 1798 - 7 Mar 1798 Angelo
Cocchi
(b. 1753 - d. 1826)
Cimino
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Giovanni Bouchard
Circèo
Commissioners
c.May 1798 Francesco Silvestri
25 Jul 1798 - 1798 Federico Maria Domenico Michele (b. 1760 - d. 18..)
Zaccaleoni
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Leopoldo Setacci
Clitunno
Commissioner
9 Sep 1798 - 179. Benedetto Greco
Metauro
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Pompeo Amici
Muscone
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Costantino Polelli
Tevere
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Giovan Pietro Paloni
Trasimeno
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798-bf.19 Mar 1799 Scipione Breislak (b. 1748 - d. 1826)
Tronto
Commissioner
29 Sep 1798 - 179. Urbano Lampredi (b. 1761 - d. 1838)
United Italian Provinces
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26 Feb 1831 - 26 Apr 1831 In rebellion: United
Italian Provinces (Province Unite Italiane)
declared at Bologna.
President of the Assembly
26 Feb 1831 - 4 Mar 1831 Giovanni
Vicini
(b. 1771 - d. 1845)
President of the Provisional Government
4 Mar 1831 - 26 Apr 1831
Giovanni
Vicini
(s.a.)
Ancona
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![[Ancona
Medieval Flag or Ensign (Italy)]](it_anco1.gif "[Ancona Medieval Flag or Ensign
(Italy)]")
![[Anconine Republic
1797-1798 (Italy)]](it_ancor.gif "[Anconine Republic
1797-1798 (Italy)]")
774 - 1093
Part of Papal State.
1093
Part of March of Ancona (Marca di
Ancona).
1137 - 1177
Part of Papal State.
23 Jul 1177
Ancona a free commune (Comunitas
Anconae)(under Papal protection).
25 Jan 1183
Autonomy re-confirmed.
1348 - 1355
Occupied by Rimini under the Malatesta.
1355
Ancona an independent republic
(under Papal protection to 1433
and from 1443).
1433 - 1443
Vassal of Francesco
Sforza of Milan.
2 Sep
1443
Republic of Ancona (Respublica Anconitana).
20 Sep 1532
Annexed to
the Papal State.
19 Nov 1797 - 7 Mar 1798 Anconine
Republic (Repubblica Anconitana/République
Ancônitaine).
7
Mar 1798 - 14 Nov 1799 Incorporated into the Roman
Republic.
14 Nov 1799 - 27 Jan 1801 Occupied by
Austria.
27 Jan 1801 - 28 Jun 1802 Occupied
by France.
28 Jun 1802 - 18 Oct 1805 Part of
Papal State.
18 Oct 1805 - Jan 1814
Part of Italian Republic/Kingdom of Italy
(see Lombardy).
Jan 1814 - 1 Jun 1815
Occupied by Kingdom of Naples.
1 Jun 1815 - 25 Jul 1815 Occupied by
Austria.
25 Jul 1815
Part of Papal State.
Podestà
1383 -
1433
....
1433 - 1443
Francesco Sforza
(b. 1401 - d. 1466)
(capitano del popolo)
1443 - 20 Sep
1532
....
President of the Provisional Government
19 Nov 1797 - 7 Mar 1798? Pietro Reppi
(b. 1748 - d. 18..)
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571
Duchy of Benevento (Ducatus Beneventi).
774
Principality of Benevento (Principatus
Beneventi).
840
Partitioned into Benevento, Capua, and
Salerno.
891 -
895
Under Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire rule.
1053 - 1078
Duchy of Benevento
1078
Part of the Papal State.
1418 -
1458
Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
8 Jun 1497 - 14 Jun 1497 Pope Alexander VI names his son Giovanni
Borgia, duca de Gandía
(b. 1474 - d. 1497), Duke of Benevento.
4 Jun 1768 - 23 Mar 1774 Occupied
by "Sicily" (Naples).
19 Apr 1798 - 14 Jan 1799
Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
14 Jan 1799 - 24 May 1799 Occupied by France.
7 Apr
1799
Annexed to Neapolitan
(Parthenopean) Republic.
3 Jun 1799 - 9 Apr 1802 Occupied by
"Sicily" (Naples).
5 Oct 1801
Re-assigned to the Papal State (restored 9
Apr 1802).
18 Feb 1806 - 31 Jan 1814 French occupation.
5 Jun
1806
Principality of Benevento (Principato di Benevento/
Principauté de Bénévent)(French rule)(effected 2
Jul 1806).
31 Jan 1814 - 11 Jun 1815 Occupied by
"Sicily" (Naples).
11 Jun 1815 - 15 Jul
1815 Occupied by Austria.
15 Jul 1815
Restored to the Papal State (a part is
merged with
the "Sicily" [Naples] Principato Ultra province).
6 Jul 1820 - 23 Mar 1821 Rebellion
against Papal rule, government created which later
requests annexation as Province of Benevento to "Sicily"
Naples,
which
Naples refuses.
23 Mar 1821 - 1821 Occupied
by Austria.
3 Sep 1860 - 21 Sep 1860 Provisional
Government in name of the King of Sardinia.
25 Oct
1860
Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.
30 May 1696 - 1701 Giovanni degli Effetti (b. 16.. - d. 1712)
19 Feb 1701 - 1703 Valerio Rota
2 Jan 1703 - 1705 Faustino Crispolti
16 Jan 1705 - 1707 Nicolo Maria Lercari (b. 1675 - d. 1757)
16 Dec 1707 - 1710 Lorenzo Vannicelli
29 Apr 1710 - 1712 Giuseppe Ascanio Cansacchi
Legates
26 Oct 1712 - 1717 Giovanni Batista Spinola
1 Jun 1717 - 1719 Giuseppe Ercolani (acting) (b. 1677 - d. 1759)
26 May 1719 - 1722 Giovanni Battista Vidoni
29 May 1722 - 1723 Domenico M. Corsi
7 Apr 1723 - 1725 Pietro Carlo Petroni
28 Feb 1725 - 1726 Carlo Francesco Durini
12 Dec 1726 - 1728 Rizzardo Isolani
5 Jun 1728 - 1729 Annibale Stelluti di Fabriano
5 Feb 1729 - 1730 Ignazio Stelluti
1730 Filippo Buondelmonti
(commissioner)
1730 - 1731 Stefano Mocci (acting)
2 May 1731 - 1732 Dionisio Pieragostini di Camerino (d. 1745)
11 Jul 1732 - 1733 Giuseppe M. Centini di Ascoli
1733 - 1736 Giuseppe Barcellini
1736 Luigi Gualterio di Orvieto (b. 1706 - d. 1761)
(commissioner)
29 May 1736 - 1737 Giovanni Battista Stella
13 Sep 1737 - 1739 Baldassarre Cenci (b. 1710 - d. 1763)
28 Jul 1739 - 1741 Ottavio Antonio Bayardi di Parma (b. 1690 - d. 1765)
7 Jan 1741 - 1744 Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini di (b. 1702 - d. 1782)
Città di Castello
29 Apr 1744 - 1744 Giovanni Battista Anguisciola
10 Nov 1744 - 1752 Filippo Ravizza
15 Mar 1752 - 1758 Giovanni Battista Bussi olim de (b. 1721 - d. 1800)
Pretis di Urbino
9 Dec 1758 - Sep 1764 Stefano Borgia (b. 1731 - d. 1804)
14 Dec 1764 - Jun 1768 Antonio Lante Montefeltro Della
Rovere (in exile 1768-1771)
Neapolitan governors
4 Jun 1768 - 1768 Bartolomeo Finocchietti
(Neapolitan military governor)
1768 - 23 Mar 1774 Falconieri (Falconcino)
(Neapolitan military governor)
11 Jun 1768 - 30 Dec 1768 Biagio Sanseverino
(Neapolitan civil governor)
1769? - 1774? Domingo Gerig
(Neapolitan civil governor)
Legates
Nov 1774 - 1775 Angelo Altieri (appointed 1771) (b. 1734 - d. ....)
13 Jul 1775 - 1776 Antonio Felice Zondadari (b. 1740 - d. 1823)
9 Apr 1776 - 1777 Francesco De Simone (provisional)
11 Mar 1777 - 1781 Stefano Riva
19 Jan 1781 - 1785 Giuseppe Paride Giustiniani
25 Feb 1785 - 1790 Settimio Onorati
13 Aug 1790 - 1793 Roberto Roberti
25 Jan 1793 - 12 Jan 1799 Giuseppe Stefano Zambelli (1st time) (d. 1822)
Neapolitan commanders
19 Apr 1798 - 2 Nov 1798 Alessandro Filangieri, principe (b. 1740 - d. 1806)
di Cutò
2 Nov 1798 - c.8 Nov 1798 ... Cams
Neapolitan Governor
Nov 1798 - Feb 1799 Giuseppe, marchese Pacca (b. 1756 - d. 1844)
(president of the municipality Feb - 28 May 1799)
French Commissioner
Feb 1799 - 7 Apr 1799 Andrea Valiante (b. 1761 - d. 1829)
Parthenopean Commissioner and Administrator
7 Apr 1799 - 27 May 1799 Charles (Carlo) Popp
Neapolitan Governors
28 May 1799 - 7 Mar 1801 Giuseppe, marchese Pacca (s.a.)
7 Mar 1801 - 9 Apr 1802 Giovanni Battista, marchese Pedicini
Papal Legate
5 Oct 1800 - 1806 Giuseppe Stefano Zambelli (2nd time) (s.a.)
Prince (title Principe di Benevento/Prince de Bénévent)
5 Jun 1806 - 24 Mar 1814 Carlo Maurizio di Talleyrand-Perigord(b. 1754 - d. 1838)
(= Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord)
French governors
16 Apr 1806 - 28 Jun 1806 Louis-François Lanchantin (b. 1756 - d. 1812)
28 Jun 1806 - 15 Aug 1806 Louis César Alexandre Dufresne (b. 1751 - d. 1836)
Saint-Léon
15 Aug 1806 - 31 Jan 1814 Louis de Beer (b. 1777 - d. 1823)
Naples commissioner
10 Feb 1814 - 21 May 1815 Giuseppe de Thomasis (b. 1767 - d. 1830)
Austrian governor
11 Jun 1815 - 15 Jul 1815 Carlo Ungaro, duca di Montejasi (b. 1786 - d. 1841)
Papal Legates
15 Jul 1815 - 1816 Luigi Bottiglia Savoulx (b. 1752 - d. 1836)
(apostolic delegate)
1816 - 1817 Giovanni Conversi (d. 1823)
1817 - 1820 Domenico Cattani (b. c.1780 - d. 1838)
1820 - 6 Jul 1820 Angelo Olivieri (1st time) (d. 1830)
Jul 1820 - 1821 Andrea Valiante (s.a.)
(president of the government; in rebellion)
1821 Biagio Isernia
(president of the government, in rebellion)
13 Feb 1821 - Mar 1821 Bartolomeo Rossi
(president of the government, in rebellion)
Mar 1821 - 1821 Angelo Olivieri (2nd time) (s.a.)
1821 - 1823 Paolo Mangelli Orsi (b. 1762 - d. 1846)
1823 - 1824 Luigi Amat di San Filippo (b. 1796 - d. 1878)
1824 - 1826 Raffaele Marulli (d. 1847)
1826 - 1827 Camillo Ranuzzi
1827 - 1828 Giovanni Benedetto Folicaldi (b. 1801 - d. 1867)
1828 - 1830 Gioacchino Provenzali (d. 1836)
1830 - 1834 Giuseppe Santucci Fibietti (d. 1852)
1834 - 1838 Enrico Orfei (b. 1800 - d. 1870)
Mar 1838 - Jul 1841 Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele (b. 1803 - d. 1903)
Aloisio Pecci
1841 - 1844 Giuseppe Arborio Mella (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
1844 - 1845 Carlo Belgrado (b. 1809 - d. 1866)
1845 - 1847 Biagio Bucciosanti di Orvieto
Aug 1847 - 1851 Pietro Gramiccia
1851 - 1854 Domenic Valentini
1854 - 1856 Crispino Gasparoli
17 Jun 1856 - 3 Sep 1860 Edoardo Agnelli (b. 1813 - d. 1878)
President of the Provisional Government
3 Sep 1860 - 21 Sep 1860 Salvatore Rampone (b. 1828 - d. 1915)
Sardinian Governor
21 Sep 1860 - 16 Jul 1861 Carlo Torre (b. 1812 - d. 1889)
Bologna
757
Part of Papal State.
28 Jul 1273
Bologna a free commune.
5 Sep 1327 - 28 Mar 1334
Papal rule.
28 Oct 1350 - 15 Mar 1360 Sold
to Milan.
15 Mar 1360 - 20 Mar 1376
Papal rule.
20 Mar 1376 - 1377
Autonomous
Comune di Bologna (by revolt).
1377
Papal rule restored.
24 Feb 1401
Autonomy restored.
30 Jun 1402 - 17 Sep 1403 Occupied
by Milan.
3 Sep 1403 - 12 May
1411 Papal rule.
20 Mar
1411
Autonomy restored.
14 Aug 1412 - 6 Jan 1416 Papal rule.
6 Jan 1416
Autonomy restored.
21 Jul 1420 - 6 Aug 1428 Papal rule.
6 Aug 1428
Autonomy restored.
25 Sep 1429 - 21 May 1438 Papal rule.
22 May 1438
Autonomy
restored.
11 Nov 1506 - 23 May
1511 Papal rule.
13 Jun 1512
Annexed to Papal State.
Feb 1790 - Mar 1790 Attempted
revolution led by Luigi Zamboni.
13 - 14 Nov 1794
Second revolution attempt led by Luigi
Zamboni.
19 Jun
1796
Occupied by France; Senate receives all powers but
delegates
them to
the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia chosen for 2
months
from among the senators. Called the "Bologna Republic"
(Repubblica Bolognese/République Bolonaise).
16 Oct
1796
Part of Cispadane Republic (see Modena).
9 Jul
1797
Part of Cisalpine Republic (see Lombardy).
12 Aug 1799 - 28 Jun 1800 Austrian occupation (Regia
Cesarea Provvisoria Reggenza).
30 Dec 1813 - 2 Apr 1815 Austrian (from 26
Jan 1814) and (to 8 May 1814 "Sicily" [Naples])
occupation of Bologna.
13 Aug
1814
The Government Commission of the Three Legations (Commissione
governativa delle tre Legazioni) established by
Austria.
2 Apr 1815 - 15 Apr 1815
"Sicily" (Naples) occupation.
16 Apr 1815 - 18 Jul 1815 Austrian occupation.
18 Jul
1815
Legation of Bologna restored to the Papal State.
12 Jun 1859
Papal Legate expelled, provisional
government takes over.
11 Jul 1859
Sardinian administration.
8 Dec 1859 - 18 Mar 1860 Part of Emilian
Provinces (Modena, Parma and Romagna)(see Modena).
18 Mar
1860
Sardinia-Piedmont annexes the Romagna (Bologna, Ferrara,
Ravenna).
Papal Legates
14 Nov 1768 - 9 Mar 1769 Lazaro
Opizio Cardinale Pallavicini(b. 1719 - d. 1785)
9 Mar 1769 - 26 Jun 1769 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (b. 1743 - d.
1790)
Ludovisi (1st time)(acting)
26 Jun 1769 - 14 Sep 1770 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (b. 1711 - d.
1786)
(1st time)
14 Sep 1770 - 13 Oct 1770 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (2nd time)(acting)
13 Oct 1770 - 19 Oct 1770 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(2nd time)
19 Oct 1770 - 17 Jan 1771 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (3rd time)(acting)
17 Jan 1771 - 12 Apr 1771 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(3rd time)
12 Apr 1771 - 4 May 1771 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (4th time)(acting)
4 May 1771 - 6 May 1771 Antonio
Cardinale Branciforte
(s.a.)
(4th time)
6 May 1771 - 25 Jun 1771 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (5th time)(acting)
25 Jun 1771 - 24 Sep 1771 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Sep 1771 - 9 Nov 1771 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (6th time)(acting)
9 Nov 1771 - 25 Sep 1772 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(6th time)
25 Sep 1772 - 5 Oct 1772 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (7thtime)(acting)
5 Oct 1772 - 12 Nov 1772 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(7th time)
12 Nov 1772 - 24 Nov 1771 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (8th time)(acting)
24 Nov 1771 - 8 Sep 1773 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(8th time)
8 Sep 1773 - 6 Nov 1773 Ignazio
Cardinale Boncompagni
(s.a.)
Ludovisi (9th time)(acting)
6 Nov 1773 - 30 Jun 1774 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(9th time)
30 Jun 1774 - 30 Jul 1774 Ignazio
Cardinale Boncompagni
(s.a.)
Ludovisi (10th time)(acting)
30 Jul 1774 - 11 Nov 1774 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(10th time)
11 Nov 1774 - 13 Mar 1775 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (11th time)(acting)
13 Mar 1775 - 1 Jul 1775 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(11th time)
1 Jul 1775 - 21 Jul 1775 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (12th time)(acting)
21 Jul 1775 - 1 Apr 1776 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(12th time)
1 Apr 1776 - 6 Apr 1776 Ignazio
Cardinale Boncompagni
(s.a.)
Ludovisi (13th time)(acting)
6 Apr 1776 - 8 Oct 1776 Antonio
Cardinale Branciforte
(s.a.)
(13th time)
8 Oct 1776 - 21 Nov 1776
Mariano D'Aquino (acting)
21 Nov 1776 - 20 Dec 1776
Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (14th time)(acting)
20 Dec 1776 - 14 May 1777 Mariano D'Aquino
(acting)
14 May 1777 - 13 Jun 1777 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (15th time)(acting)
13 Jun 1777 - 17 Jul 1777 Mariano D'Aquino
(acting)
17 Jul 1777 - 6 Aug 1777 Antonio Cardinale
Branciforte (s.a.)
(14th time)
6 Aug 1777 - 15 Dec 1777 Mariano D'Aquino
(acting)
15 Dec 1777 - 7 May 1783 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (16th time)
7 May 1783 - 5 Jun 1783 Mariano
D'Aquino (acting)
5 Jun 1783 - 22 Aug 1785 Ignazio Cardinale
Boncompagni (s.a.)
Ludovisi (17th time)
22 Aug 1785 - 3 Sep 1785 Giovanni Andrea
Cardinale Archetti (b. 1731 - d.
1805)
(1st time)
3 Sep 1785 - 21 Oct 1785 Giuseppe
Morozzo (acting)
21 Oct 1785 - 1 Jun 1795 Giovanni
Andrea Cardinale Archetti (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jun 1795 - 23 Jun 1795 Ippolito
Cardinale Vincenti Mareri (b. 1738 - d. 1811)
(1st time)
23 Jun 1795 - 20 Sep 1795 Giovanni
Andrea Cardinale Archetti (s.a.)
(3rd time)
20 Sep 1795 - 6 Nov 1795 Giacinto Orsini
(acting)
6 Nov 1795 - 19 Jun 1796 Ippolito
Cardinale Vincenti Mareri (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Gonfalonieri di Giustizia (Standard-bearers
of Justice)
19 Jun 1796 - 30 Jun 1796 Filippo Hercolani
(b. 1736 - d. 1810)
1 Jul 1796 - 31 Aug
1796 Vincenzo Grassi
(b. 17.. - d.
1821)
1 Sep 1796 - 31 Oct
1796 Giuseppe Carlo de Bianchi
(b. 17.. - d. 1811)
1 Nov 1796 - 31 May
1797 Girolamo Legnani Ferri
(b. 1721 - d. 1805)
President of the Royal and Imperial
Provisional Regency
(Regia Cesarea Provvisoria Reggenza)
(in Bologna)
12 Aug 1799 - 24 Jun 1800 Francesco
Pio, marchese Ghisilieri (b. 1741 - d. 1816)
Neapolitan Military Commander
30 Dec 1813 - 26 Jan 1814 Carlo Filangieri
(b. 1784 - d. 1867)
Austrian Military Governors of the Legations of
Bologna, Ferrara and Romagna (in Bologna)
26 Jan 1814 - 14 Nov
1814 Christoph Ludwig Freiherr
von (b. 1767 - d.
1843)
Eckhardt
14 Nov 1814 - 18 Jul 1815 Joseph
Steffanini de Monte Airone (b. 1774 - d. 1826)
Commissioner of the Government Commission of the
Three Legations
13 Aug 1814 - 9 Jul 1815 Giulio
Strasoldo di Sotto
(b. 1771 - d. 1830)
Provisional Government Junta
12 Jun 1859 - 11 Jul 1859 Gioacchino
Napoleone, marchese
(b. 1825 - d. 1881)
Pepoli
+ conte Giovanni Luigi Malvezzi
(b. 1819 - d. 1892)
de' Medici
+ marchese Luigi
Tanari
(b. 1820 - d. 1904)
+ Antonio
Montanari
(b. 1811 - d. 1898)
+ Camillo Casarini
(b. 1830 - d. 1874)
Sardinian Extraordinary Military Commissioner for the
Romagna
11 Jul 1859 - 1 Aug 1859 Massimo
Taparelli,
marchese (b.
1798 - d. 1866) Lib
d'Azeglio
Governors-general of the Romagna
2 Aug 1859 - 8 Nov 1859
Leonetto, conte
Cipriani
(b. 1812 - d. 1888)
8 Nov 1859 - 8 Dec 1859 Luigi Carlo
Farini
(b. 1812 - d. 1866)
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972
Comacchio part
of the Papal
State.
1254 - 1299
Occupied by Ravenna.
1299
Part of Ferrara.
1303 -
1304
Occupied by Ravenna.
1309 - 1325
Occupied by Ravenna.
1482 - 1484
Occupied by Republic of Venice.
1508 -
1520
Occupied by Republic of Venice.
16 Jan 1598
Annexed, along with Ferrara, to the
Papal State.
24 May 1708
Imperial
(Austrian) siege begins.
15 Jan
1709
Pope grants Comacchio in pledge to the Holy Roman
Emperor.
16 Sep 1724
Restored to the administration of the Papal
State, with a
status of County, under nominal Imperial suzerainty.
20 Feb 1725
Imperial (Austrian)
forces withdrawn.
Imperial Delegates to the Government of the City
of Comacchio
24 May 1708 -
1709
Claude Alexandre, comte de Bonneval (b. 1675 - d. 1747)
(= conte Claudio Alessandro di Bonneval)
(Imperial commander)
Jul 1711 - 1712?
Bartolomeo, conte Rozzoni (Rozzone)
(b. 16.. - d. 1717)
1712? - 1713?
....
1713? - 1717?
....
1717? - 16 Sep 1724 ....
Ferrara: see under
Italy states A-N
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![[Pontecorvo/Nola rebellion flag 1820-1821
(Italy)]](it_pontcv.gif "[Pontecorvo/Nola rebellion
flag 1820-1821 (Italy)]")
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881 Governorship becomes hereditary.
888 Part of County of Capua.
... County of Pontecorvo
1065 Norman rule, part of "Sicily" (Naples).
1105 - 1146 Possession of the Abbey of Montecassino.
1146 - 1230 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1230 - 1454 Possession of the Abbey of Montecassino.
1454 - 1460 Given in commenda to Ludovico Cardinal Scarampi-Mezzarota.
1463 Pontecorvo incorporated into the Papal State.
7 Jun 1497 - 14 Jun 1497 Pope Alexander VI names his son Giovanni Borgia, duca di Gandía
(b. 1474 - d. 1497), signore di Pontecorvo.
25 Jun 1725 Bishop of Aquino transfers his seat to Pontecorvo
which is raised to a bishopric.
4 Jun 1768 - Feb 1774 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1798 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1798 - 1799 Part of the Roman Republic (as a commune of Circeo département).
1799 - 1802 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1806 - 1810 French occupation.
5 Jun 1806 Principality of Ponte-Corvo (Principato di Pontecorvo/
Principauté de Ponte-Corvo)(French rule).
21 Aug 1810 - 5 Dec 1812 Annexed by France.
5 Dec 1812 Incorporated into "Sicily" (Naples).
Jan 1814 - Jul 1815 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
5 Jul 1815 Restored to the Papal State.
5 Jul 1820 Rebellion ousts Papal governor.
9 Jul 1820 - 16 Mar 1821 Rebellion against Papal rule, provisional government created
(referred to as the "Republic of Pontecorvo" [Repubblica di
Pontecorvo]).
16 Mar 1821 - 1821 Occupied by Austria.
2 Sep 1860 Pontecorovo declares union with Sardinia-Piedmont and expels
Papal officials.
17 Sep 1860 Papal forces regain control.
Sep 1860 - 8 Dec 1860 Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples) Borbone (Bourbon) forces.
8 Dec 1860 - 26 Dec 1860 Occupied by Sardinia-Piedmont.
26 Dec 1860 Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.
18 Mar 1861 Part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Papal Legates of Campagna and Marittima
1697 - 1701 Filippo Leti
27 Jan 1701 - 1701 Giovanni Salviati
23 Dec 1701 - 1703 Marcellino Albergotti
16 Feb 1703 - 1706 Camillo Cellesi
5 Jan 1705 - 1706 Francesco Foscari
21 Oct 1706 - 1709 Abbondio Rezzonico
2 Sep 1709 - 1714 Valeria Rota
5 May 1714 - 1717 Giacinto Pilastri
19 Apr 1717 - 1721 Francesco Leonini
12 Jul 1721 - 1722 Ludovico Anguisciola
19 Aug 1722 - 1730 Flavio Ravizza
9 Feb 1730 - 1732 Cosimo Imperiali
1 Jul 1732 - 1734 C.F. Durini
23 Dec 1734 - 1738 Enrico Enriquez
30 Apr 1738 - 1743 Flavio Ravizza
3 Apr 1743 - 1744 Angelo Locatelli Martorelli Orsini
4 May 1744 - 1749 Carlo Gonzaga
13 Sep 1749 - 1751 Francesco Saverio Dattilo
19 Jun 1751 - 1753 Paolo Girolamo Massei
17 Dec 1753 - 1755 Ippolito Rasponi
26 Feb 1755 - 1758 Raniero Finocchietti (b. 1710 - d. 1793)
28 Jan 1758 - 1760 Emerico Bolognini
19 Feb 1760 - 1764 Giovanni Vitellio Vitelleschi
28 Nov 1764 - 1765 Benedetto de Lo Presti
5 Oct 1765 - 1766 Muzio Gallo da Osimo
15 Nov 1766 - 1775 Giovanni Battista Bussi olim de (b. 1721 - d. 1800)
Pretis di Urbino
4 Jun 1768 - 1774? Tobia D. Longi -Neapolitan governor
20 May 1775 - 1778 Giovanni Battista Baldassini
1778 - 1783 Antonio Rusconi
7 Jan 1783 - 1785 Giovanni Battista Mirelli
25 Feb 1785 - 1790 F.M. Cacherano
13 Aug 1790 - 1794 Gaudenzio Antonini
7 Mar 1794 - 1794 Giuseppi Morozzo
3 Jun 1794 - 1800 Giacomo C. Borromeo
1800 - 1802 Luigi Lancellotti (b. c.1763 - d. 1833)
(provisional governor)
14 May 1802 - 1806 Francesco Brivio
Princes (title Principe di Pontecorvo/Prince de Ponte-Corvo)
5 Jun 1806 - 21 Aug 1810 Giovanni Battista Bernadotte (b. 1763 - d. 1844)
(= Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte)
21 Aug 1810 - 5 Dec 1812 annexed to France
5 Dec 1812 - 25 May 1815 Napoleone Luciano Carlo Murat (b. 1803 - d. 1878)
(= Napoléon Lucien Charles Murat)
French Governor
1806? - 1814 Giulio Cesare Nola (Nota)
Papal Legates (from 1827, Apostolic Delegates) of Frosinone
5 May 1807 - 1808 Cesare Nembrini (b. 1768 - d. 1837)
6 Aug 1808 - 1816 Fabrizio Turriozzi (b. 1755 - d. 1826)
23 Mar 1816 - Dec 1817 Onorato Bres
1817 Tiberio Pacca (special delegate) (b. 1786 - d. 1837)
9 Dec 1817 - Jan 1819 Giuseppe Ugolini (b. 1783 - d. 1867)
10 Jan 1819 - 5 Jul 1820 Vincenzo Brenciaglia (1st time) (b. 1767 - d. 1823)
9 Jul 1820 - 1821 Giovanni Francesco Sparagana
(president of provisional government; in rebellion)
Feb? 1821 - Mar 1821 Filippo Filippi
(interim president of provisional government; in rebellion)
Mar 1821 - May 1823 Vincenzo Brenciaglia (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 May 1823 - Jul 1824 Angelo Olivieri (d. 1830)
3 Jul 1824 - Sep 1826 Gian (Giovanni) Antonio Benvenuti
12 Sep 1826 - Jul 1827 Giuseppe Cherubini (b. 1769 - d. 1830)
2 Jul 1827 - 1829 Luigi Ciacchi (b. 1755 - d. 1865)
1829 - 1830 Giovanni Serafini (b. 1786 - d. 1855)
1830 - 1834 Gioacchino Provenzali (d. 1836)
1834 - 1838 Domenico Savelli (b. 1792 - d. 1864)
1838 - 1843 Marcello Orlandini (b. 1799 - d. 1867)
Feb 1843 - 1848 Andrea Pila (b. 1811 - d. 1868)
1848 - 1852 Pasquale Badia
1852 - 1858 Lorenzo Dialti
Mar 1858 - 2 Sep 1860 Ferdinando Scapitta
17 Sep 1860 - 8 Dec 1860 Michele Vecchiotti (Papal governor)
Sardinian Governors
8 Dec 1860 - 12 Dec 1860 Alessandro Angelini (b. 1820 - d. 1885)
(royal commissioner)
12 Dec 1860 - 26 Dec 1860 Antonio Vitaliani
Duchy of Romagna
25 Nov 1499 - 22 Oct 1503 Imola taken by Cesare Borgia.
19 Dec 1499 - 22 Oct 1503 Forlì taken by Cesare Borgia.
2 Aug 1500 - 1503 Cesena taken by Cesare Borgia.
10 Oct 1500 - 6 Sep 1503 Rimini taken by Cesare Borgia.
1500 - 1503 Pesaro taken by Cesare Borgia.
29 Apr 1501 - 19 Nov 1503 Faenza taken by Cesare Borgia.
May 1501 Pope Alexander VI names his son Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna.
3 Sep 1501 - Sep 1503 Piombino taken by Cesare Borgia.
Apr 1502 - 18 Oct 1502 Urbino taken by Cesare Borgia.
21 Jul 1502 - Oct 1503 Camerino taken by Cesare Borgia.
Dec 1502 - 18 Aug 1503 San Marino taken by Cesare Borgia.
Oct 1503 Pope Julius III confiscates Romagna.
Duke of Romagna and Piceno (title Dux Romandiolae/Duca di Romagna e del Piceno)
May 1501 - Oct 1503 Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b. 1476 - d. 1507)
Parma
![[Parma and Piacenza
1545-1547, 1550-1731 (Italy)]](it_dparp.gif "[Parma and
Piacenza 1545-1547, 1550-1731 (Italy)]") |
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![[Austrian flag]](at.gif "[Austrian flag]")
![[Parma,
Piacenza and Guastalla, c.1815-1848 (Italy)]](it-parm01.gif "[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla,
c.1815-1848 (Italy)]")
![[Parma and
Piacenza, 1815-1848 (Italy)]](it_parm5.gif "[Parma
and Piacenza, 1815-1848 (Italy)]")
![[Parma, Piacenza
and Guastalla 1848-1849 (Italy)]](parmabg.gif "[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
1848-1849 (Italy)]")
![[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
1850-1851 (Italy)]](parmagh1.gif "[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
1850-1851 (Italy)]")
![[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Civil Flag 1851-1859 (Italy)]](it_parm9.gif "[Parma, Piacenza and
Guastalla Civil Flag 1851-1859 (Italy)]")
![[Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Royal Flag 1851-1859 (Italy)]](it_parm8.gif "[Parma, Piacenza and
Guastalla Royal Flag 1851-1859 (Italy)]")
|
and Piacenza |
"Marcia Reale delle Casa di Borbone" (Royal March of the House of Bourbon) |
(1847-1859) |
(1848; in Italian) |
| Capital:
Parma (Piacenza 1545-1547) |
Currency:
1815-1860 Italian States
Lira (XITL); 1805-1815 Italian States Franco
(XITF); 1592-1805
Italian States Ducat
(XITD) |
National Holiday:
22 Dec (1799) Birthday of Duke Carlo II (1847-1848) |
Population:
500,000 (1857), 370,000 (1795) (including Piacenza) |
| Exports: $0.3 million (1833) | Imports: $1.4 million (1833) | Military Forces: 4,000 (1858) (including irregular 2,500) |
Merchant Marine: few ships on the Po river |
c.1165
Parma a free commune.
27 Jan 1311 - 6 Dec 1311 Under Imperial
rule.
May 1313 - Sep 1314 Occupied
by Naples.
1315 - 1326
Part of Milan.
27 Sep 1326 - 5 Mar 1331 Parma under Papal State rule.
5 Mar 1331 - 18 Oct 1333 Under Imperial
rule.
18 Oct
1333
Autonomy restored.
21 Jun 1335 - 22 May 1341 Parma occupied by
Verona.
22 May
1341
Parma independent (under Azzo da Correggio).
11 Nov 1344 - 6 Dec 1346 Parma acquired by Modena.
6 Dec 1346 - 8 Mar 1404 Parma taken
over by Milan.
8 Mar
1404
Independence restored (under Ottobono de' Terzi).
27 Jun 1409 - 25 Sep 1420 Part of Modena.
25 Sep 1420 - 15 Aug 1447 Part of Milan.
15 Aug
1447
Independence recovered.
27 Feb 1449 - 9 Apr 1500 Part
of Milan.
9 Apr 1500 - 15 Jun 1512 French
occupation (administered from Milan).
15 Jun 1512
Part
of the Papal
State (ratified by treaty 8 Oct 1512).
26 Oct 1515 - Nov 1521
French occupation (administered
from Milan).
Nov 1521 - 16 Sep 1545 Part of
the Papal State.
5 Jun 1527
Imperial administration declared
(not effected).
16 Sep
1545
Duchy of Parma (Ducatus Parmae/Ducato
di Parma) created by by
Papal bull (under Pier Luigi
Farnese).
10 Sep 1547 - 25 Feb
1550 Parma is annexed by the Papal State, Piacenza
by Milan.
25 Feb 1550
Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (Ducatus
Parmae et Placentiae/
Ducato di Parma e Piacenza)(independence
restored).
25 Feb 1550 - 20 Jan 1731 Under
the Farnese dynasty.
20 Jan
1731
Ruling family extinct.
25 Jan 1731 - 29 Dec 1731 Austrian occupation.
29 Dec 1731
Parma (and Piacenza)
handed over to Borbone heir.
28 Apr 1736
Ceded to Austria (by Austria-France peace treaty
of 3 Oct 1735).
28 Apr 1736 - 18 Oct 1748 Under
Austrian Habsburg rule.
18 Oct
1748
Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla given
to Borbone family by Austria-
Spain peace treaty.
3 Feb
1749
Parma occupied by Spain (Piacenza on 5
Feb 1749); Duke arrives
in Parma on 9 Mar 1749.
1 Nov
1802
Under French administration (Gouvernement Général de
Parme et
Plaisance).
24 Apr
1808
Former Second Consul of France made nominal
duke.
24 May
1808
Annexed by France
as the département Taro.
14 Feb 1814 - 2 Mar 1814 Austrian
occupation.
2 Mar 1814 - 9
Mar 1814 French re-occupation (in
Piacenza to 27 Apr 1814).
9 Mar 1814 - 11 Apr
1814 Austrian occupation.
11 Apr
1814
Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (Ducato di Parma e
Piacenza)
(restored); given to the ex-Empress of France by peace
treaty
(effected 6 Jun 1814).
10 Feb 1831 - 8 Aug 1831 Rebellion
in Parma, duchess relocates to Piacenza.
17 Dec
1847
Pontremoli annexed from Tuscany.
17 Dec 1847
Inherited by
Borbone family on death of the duchess.
14 Feb 1848 - 20 Mar 1848 Austrian troops
stationed in Parma.
11 Apr
1848
Separate provisional governments in Parma and in
Piacenza.
18 Apr
1848
Duke goes into exile.
12 May 1848 - 12 Aug
1849 Pontremoli annexed by Tuscany.
30 Jun 1848 - 17 Aug
1848 Parma annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont.
17 Aug 1848 - Mar
1849 Austrian occupation.
Mar 1849 - 5 Apr
1849 Sardinian occupation.
25 Aug
1848
Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (restored).
17 Jun 1859 - 18 Aug 1859 Administered by
Kingdom of Sardinia.
18 Aug
1859
Parma and Piacenza joined with Modena.
11 Sep
1859
Duke deposed by parliament.
12 Sep
1859
Annexed by Sardinia-Piedmont.
8 Dec
1859
Part of the Emilian Provinces (see Modena).
18 Mar
1861
Part
of the Kingdom of Italy.
Dukes¹
16 Sep 1545 - 10 Sep 1547 Pier Luigi Farnese,
marchese (b. 1503 - d. 1547)
di Novara
10 Sep 1547 - Jan
1548 Ottavio Farnese (1st
time) (b. 1524 - d.
1586)
Jan 1548 - 25 Feb 1550 Camillo Orsini
-Papal governor-gen.(b. 1492 - d. 1584)
25 Feb 1550 - 18 Sep 1586 Ottavio Farnese (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(duke of Parma only to 15 Sep 1556)
18 Sep 1586 - 3 Dec 1592 Alessandro
Farnese
(b. 1545 - d. 1592)
18 Sep 1586 - 3 Dec 1592 Ranuccio Farnese
-Regent
(b. 1569 - d. 1622)
3 Dec 1592 - 5 Mar 1622 Ranuccio I
Farnese
(s.a.)
5 Mar 1622 - 11 Sep 1646 Odoardo
Farnese
(b. 1612 - d. 1646)
5 Mar 1622 - 21 Feb 1626 Cardinale Odoardo
Farnese -Regent (b. 1573 - d. 1626)
21 Feb 1626 - Aug 1629
Margherita Aldobrandini (f)-Regent (b. 1588 - d.
1646)
11 Sep 1646 - 11 Dec 1694 Ranuccio II Farnese
(b. 1630 - d. 1694)
11 Sep 1646 - 1648
Margherita de' Medici (f) -Regent (b. 1612
- d. 1679)
11 Sep 1646 - 12 Jul 1647 Cardinale Francesco
Maria (b. 1619 - d.
1647)
Giacinto Farnese -Regent
11 Dec 1694 - 26 Feb 1727 Francesco
Farnese
(b. 1678 - d. 1727)
26 Feb 1727 - 20 Jan 1731 Antonio Farnese
(b. 1679 - d. 1731)
20 Jan 1731 - 29 Dec 1731 Regency
- Enrichetta Maria d'Este (f) (b.
1702 - d. 1777)
- Camillo Marazzani, vescovo
(b. 1682 - d. 1760)
di Parma
- Odoardo, conte Anvidi (Anviti)
- Federico, conte Dal Verme
(b. 1681 - d. 1765)
- Jacopo Antonio Maria, conte (b.
1699 - d. 1780)
Sanvitale
- Artaserse conte Bajardi (Baiardi)(b. 1676 - d. 1767)
Austrian Commander
25 Jan 1731 - 29 Dec 1731 Carlo Francesco,
conte Stampa (b. 1685 - d. 1755)
Dukes¹
29 Dec 1731 - 28 Apr 1736 Carlo
I (= Carlos de Borbón) (b.
1716 - d. 1788)
29 Dec 1731 - 9 Oct 1732 Dorotea Sofia di
Neuburg (f)-Regent(b. 1670 - d. 1748)
28 Apr 1736 - 3 Feb 1749 the
dukes of Milan
3 Feb 1749 - 18 Jul 1765 Filippo
(Felipe de Borbón)
(b. 1720 - d. 1765)
18 Jul 1765 - 9 Oct 1802 Ferdinando
(b. 1751 - d. 1802)
18 Jul 1765 - 7 Sep 1771
François-Guillaume Du Tillot, (b.
1711 - d. 1774)
marquis de Felino -Regent
9 Oct 1802 - 1 Nov
1802 Regency
- Maria Amalia,
arciduchessa (b.
1746 - d. 1804)
d'Austria (f)
- Cesare Ventura, marchese di
(b. 1741 - d. 1826)
Gallinella
- Francesco, conte Schizzati
Administrator delegate-general
of Parmesan States
1 Nov 1802 - 19 Jan 1806 Louis
Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry
(b. 1750 - d. 1819)
Governors-general
for Parma and Piacenza (Gouverneur général de
Parme et Plaisance)
25 Jan 1806 - 18 Sep 1806 Jean-Andoche
Junot
(b. 1771 - d. 1813)
1 Feb 1806 - 24 May 1808
Hugues Eugène Nardon
(b. 1768 - d. 1812)
(prefect of Parma [& Piacenza and Guastalla])
18 Sep 1806 - 25 May 1808 Catherine
Dominique, comte de (b. 1754 - d.
1818)
Pérignon
(Nominal) Duke of Parma (title
Duc de Parme)
24 Apr 1808 - Apr
1814 Jean-Jacques Régis de
Cambacérès (b. 1753 - d. 1824)
Prefects of Taro département
24 May 1808 - 7 Aug 1810 Hugues
Eugène Nardon
(s.a.)
2 Oct 1810 - Mar 1814 Henri
Jean-Pierre
Antoine,
(b. 1783 - d. 1854)
baron Dupont-Delporte
Governor of
Parma and Piacenza
Jan 1814 - Apr
1814 Charles
Nicolas, comte de
(b. 1773 - d. 1852)
d'Anthouard
de Vraincourt
Duchess¹
6 Apr 1814 - 18 Feb 1831
Maria Luigia (f) (1st time)
(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
(= Mary Louise, Empress of France 1809-1814)
(arrives
in Parma 20 Apr 1816)
(in Piacenza exile 18 Feb - 8
Aug 1831)
6 Apr 1814 - 4 Aug 1814
Dionigi Crescini
Malaspina
(b. 1750 - d. 1845)
(president
of the Provisional Government)
(acting)
4 Aug 1814 - 20 Apr 1816
Filippo Francesco Magawly,
(b. 1787 - d. 1835)
conte Cerati
(= Philip Francis Magawly de Calry)
(president of the Council of State)
(acting
for absent Maria Luigia)
President of Provisional Government
(in rebellion)
15 Feb 1831 - 13 Mar 1831 Filippo, conte
Linati
(b. 1757 - d. 1837)
Duchess¹
13 Mar 1831 - 17 Dec 1847 Maria
Luigia (f) (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(in Piacenza
exile to 8 Aug 1831)
Duke¹
17 Dec 1847 - 11 Apr 1848 Carlo II Lodovico
(b. 1799 - d. 1883)
(abdicated 14 Mar 1849)
20 Mar 1848 - 11 Apr 1848 Regency
- Luigi, conte Sanvitale di
(b. 1799 - d. 1876)
Fontanellato
- Girolamo Cantelli, conte di (b.
1815 - d. 1884)
Rubbiano
- Pietro Gioia (to 28 Mar 1848)
(b. 1795 - d. 1863)
- Pietro Agostino Ferdinando
(b. 1786 - d. 1860)
Maestri
- Pietro Pellegrini
(b. 1809 - d. 1851)
President of the Provisional Government
11 Apr 1848 - 30 Jun 1848 Gregorio
Ferdinando Di Castagnola (b. 1786
- d. 1858)
Sardinian Royal Commissioners
30 Jun 1848 - 17 Aug 1848 Federico
Colla
(b. 1790 - d. 1879)
Austrian Commandant (of
the 4th Army Corps)
17 Aug 1848 - 18 Aug 1848 Georg
Graf von Thurn zu Valsassina (b. 1788 - d. 1866)
Austrian Provisional Military Governor
18 Aug 1848 - 16 Mar 1849 August Franz
Graf von Degenfeld- (b. 1798 - d. 1876)
Schomburg
Government Commission
16 Mar 1849 - 22 Mar 1849 Salvatore
Riva
(b. 1802 - d. 1875)
+ Guido Maria Giuseppe, marchese
(b. 1821 - d. 1888)
Dalla Rosa Prati
+ Alessandro
Cavagnari
(b. 1801 - d. 1892)
+ Alberto Benedini
(b. 17.. - d. 1855)
+ Orlando Garbarini
Sardinian Royal Commissioner
22 Mar 1849 - 5 Apr 1849 Giacomo
Plezza
(b. 1806 - d. 1893)
Austrian Commandant (of the
6th Army Corps)
5 Apr 1849 - 27 Apr 1849 Constantin
Freiherr d'Aspre van (b. 1789 - d. 1850)
Hoobreuck
Government Junta of Parma
5 Apr 1849 - 27 Apr
1849 Vincenzo
Cornacchia
(b. 1793 - d. 1874)
(governor general)
+
Antonio
Lombardini
(b. 1794 - d. 1869)
+ Giuseppe Guadagnini
(b. 1790 - d. 1867)
+ Marc'Aurelio Onesti
(b. 1794 - d. 1872)
Austrian Civil and Military Governor
27 Apr 1849 - 25 Aug 1849 Karl Freiherr
von Stürmer
(b. 1792 - d. 1853)
Dukes¹
25 Aug 1849 - 26 Mar 1854 Carlo
III
(b. 1823 - d. 1854)
26 Mar 1854 - 1 May 1859 Roberto I (1st
time)
(b. 1848 - d. 1907)
27 Mar 1854 - 1 May 1859 Luisa
Maria di Berry (f) -Regent
(b. 1819 - d. 1864)
(1st time)
1 May 1859 - 2
May 1859 Giuseppe Maria,
marchese
(b. 1802 - d. 1884)
Pallavicino
+ Giuseppe Cattani
+ Enrico Salati
(b. 1788 - d. 1869)
+ Antonio Lombardini
(s.a.)
(acting)
Presidents of the Provisional
Government
2 May 1859 - 3 May 1859
Salvatore Riva
(b. 1802 - d. 1875)
3 May 1859 - 4 May 1859
Giuseppe Maria, marchese
(s.a.)
Pallavicino
+ Giuseppe Cattani
+ Enrico Salati
(s.a.)
+ Antonio Lombardini
(s.a.)
(acting)
Duke¹
4 May 1859 - 9 Jun 1859 Roberto I
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
4 May 1859 - 9 Jun
1859 Luisa Maria di
Berry (f) -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Extraordinary Commissioner of Parma
9 Jun 1859
Pier Luigi Draghi
President of the Provisional Government Commission
9 Jun 1859 - 17 Jun 1859 Girolamo
Cantelli, conte di
(s.a.)
Rubbiano
Sardinian Royal Commissioners
17 Jun 1859 - 8 Aug 1859 Diodato,
conte Pallieri
(b. 1813 - d. 1892)
8 Aug 1859 - 18 Aug 1859 Giuseppe Manfrédi
(acting) (b.
1828 - d. 1918)
Dictator
18 Aug 1859 - 8 Dec 1859 Luigi Carlo
Farini
(b. 1812 - d. 1866)
18 Aug 1859 - 8 Dec 1859 Giuseppe
Manfredi
(s.a.)
(acting for Farini)
Chief ministers (with different titles)
Aug 1814 - Dec 1816
Filippo Francesco
Magawly,
(s.a.)
conte Cerati (minister of state)
Dec 1816 - 22 Feb 1829 Adam
Albert Graf von Neipperg (b.
1775 - d. 1829)
(minister of foreign affairs and military)
Feb 1829 - Feb
1831 Josef
Freiherr von Werklein (b.
1777 - d. 1849)
(secretary of state, charged with
supreme direction of administration)
1831 - 1833
Wenzel Philipp Leopold
Freiherr (b. 1785 - d. 1851)
Mareschall von Bieberstein
(secretary of state)
1833 - 17 Feb
1834 Vacant
17 Feb 1834 - Mar 1848 Charles-René, conte
de Bombelles (b. 1785 - d. 1856)
(minister of military, charged with
supreme direction of administration)
17 May 1849 - 3 May 1859 Enrico
Salati
(s.a.)
(minister of justice and police,
charged with direction of administration)
Austrian Ministers Resident
1815 - 1859
the ministers resident in Modena
¹style of the rulers:
(b) 16 Sep 1545 - 10 Sep
1547, 25 Feb 1550 - 29 Dec 1731: Duca
di Parma e Piacenza ("Duke of
Parma and Placentia");
(b) 29 Dec 1731 - 28 Apr 1736: Duca
di Parma e Piacenza, Castro e Gran Principe di Toscana
("Duke of Parma and Placentia, Castro
and Grand Prince of Tuscany");
(c) 28 Apr 1736 - 3 Feb 1749: the style of the
rulers of Austria;
(d) 3 Feb 1749 - 9 Oct 1802: Duca/Duchessa
di Parma, Piacenza e Guastalla
("Duke/Duchess of Parma, Placentia
and Guastalla");
(e) 6 Apr 1814 - 17 Dec 1847: Principessa
Imperiale ed Arciduchessa d'Austria, per la grazia di
Dio Duchessa di Parma, Piacenza e Guastalla etc. etc.
("Imperial Princess and Archduchess of Austria, by the
Grace of God, Duchess of Parma, Placentia and
Guastalla");
(f) 17 Dec 1847 - 19 Jan
1848: per la grazia di Dio Duca di Parma,
Piacenza ecc. ecc. ("by the
Grace of God, Duke of Parma, Placentia, etc.,
etc.");
(d) 19 Jan 1848 - 25
Aug 1849: per la grazia di Dio Duca
di Parma e Piacenza, Conte di Pontremoli, Marchese di
Villafranca, Mulazzo, Bagnone ecc. ecc. ecc.
("by the Grace of God, Duke of Parma and
Placentia, Count of Pontremoli,
Marquess of Villafranca, Mulazzo, Bagnone, etc., etc.,
etc.");
(h) 25 Aug 1849 - 9 Jun 1859: per la
grazia di Dio Duca di Parma, Piacenza
e stati annessi ("by the Grace
of God, Duke of Parma, Placentia
and the annexed states")
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1126
Piacenza a free commune.
1271 - 16 Jun
1281
Piacenza occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
Oct 1311 - 18 Feb 1312 Imperial
administration.
10 Sep 1313 - 9 Oct 1322 Piacenza occupied
by Milan.
9 Oct 1322 - 25 Jul 1335 Piacenza under Papal
States rule.
25 Jul 1335 - 15 Dec 1336 Piacenza briefly
independent.
15 Dec
1336
Piacenza part of Milan.
16 Aug 1447 - 15 Sep 1447 Piacenza briefly
independent
15 Sep 1447 - 16 Nov 1447 Venetian rule (by
voluntary submission).
16 Nov
1447
Piacenza re-incorporated into Milan.
24 Jun 1512 - 23 Sep 1545 Piacenza
part of Papal State (ratified by treaty 8
Oct 1512).
30 Dec 1515 - 18 Nov
1521 French occupation.
21 Dec 1521 - 22 Feb 1522 Piacenza
briefly occupied by Mantua.
23 Sep
1545
Duchy of Piacenza (Ducatus Placentiae/Ducato
di Piacenza)
(ruled
by Parma) created by Papal bull.
12 Sep 1547 - 19 Oct
1556 Spanish rule over Piacenza (under
Milan).
19 Oct
1556
Ceded to Parma (Duchy of Piacenza
re-established).
25 Jan 1731 - 29 Dec 1731 Austrian occupation.
29 Dec 1731 - 3 Oct 1735
Piacenza and Parma handed over to Borbón
(Borbone) heir.
28 Apr 1736
Ceded to Austria (by Austria-French peace treaty
of 3 Oct 1735).
28 Apr 1736 - 18 Oct
1748 Under Austrian rule.
18 Oct
1748
Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla given
to Borbone family by
Austria-Spain peace treaty.
5 Feb
1749
Piacenza occupied
by Spain (Parma on 3 Feb 1749); Duke
arrives
in Piacenza on 6 Mar 1749.
7 May 1796 - 30 Apr 1799 Piacenza
occupied by France.
1 Nov
1802
Piacenza and Parma
under French administration.
24 Apr
1808
Former third consul of France made nominal
duke.
24 May
1808
Annexed by France
(as part of the département
Taro [see Parma]).
14 Feb 1814 - 2 Mar 1814 Austrian
occupation.
2 Mar 1814 - 27 Apr
1814 French re-occupation.
11 Apr
1814
Duchies of Parma
and Piacenza (restored); Given to former Empress
of France by peace treaty, effective 6 Jun 1814 .
17 Dec 1847
Inherited by
Borbone family on death of the duchess.
22 Mar
1848
Separate provisional government set up for Piacenza.
10 May 1848
Piacenza votes
by plebiscite to join Italy.
2 Jun 1848
Piacenza annexed
to Sardinia-Piedmont.
17 Aug 1848 - 16 Mar
1849 Austrian occupation.
16 Mar 1849 - 6 Apr
1849 Sardinia-Piedmont administration.
6 Apr 1849 - 25 Aug 1849
Austrian administration.
25 Aug 1849
Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (restored).
17 Jun 1859 - 18 Aug 1859 Administered by
Sardinia-Piedmont.
18 Aug
1859
Piacenza joined with Modena.
12 Sep
1859
Annexed by Sardinia-Piedmont.
8 Dec
1859
Part of Emilian Provinces (see under Modena).
18 Mar
1860
Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.
Lord (Signore di Piacenza)
18 Mar 1312 -
1313
Alberto Scoto (2nd time)
(b. 1270 - d. 1318)
10 Sep 1313 - 9 Oct 1322
part of Milan
25 Jul 1335 - 15 Dec 1336
Francesco di Alberto Scoto
(b. 12.. - d. 13..)
15 Dec 1336 - 16 Aug 1447 part
of Milan
21 Oct 1415 - 13 Jun 1418 Filippo
di Giovanni Arcelli
(b. 137. - d. 1421)
(in rebellion)
Rulers (Reggitori di Piacenza)
16 Aug 1447 - 15 Sep 1447 Lazzaro Della
Porta
+
Lodovico Borla
+ Bartolomeo
Malvicini da Fontana
+ Francesco
Rossi
+ Tommaso Beraldi
Venetian Superintendent (Provveditore)
15 Sep 1447 - 16 Nov 1447 Gherardo
di Giacomo Dandolo
(b. c.1393 - d. 146.)
Rulers
16 Nov 1447 - 24 Jun 1512 part of Milan
24 Jun 1512 - 23 Sep 1545 Papal rule
Papal Governors
12 Aug 1512 - 1514
Monsignore Giovanni Gozzadini
Feb/Jan 1514 - Sep 1514 Tommaso
Campeggi
(b. c.1481 - d. 1564)
Sep 1514 - 1515
Goro Gheri, vescovo di
Fano (b.
1470 - d. 1528)
(1st time)
French Governors
30 Dec 1515 - 1516
Monsignore Aymar de Prie della
(b. 1453 - d. 1527)
Cleta
1516 - 1519
Jacopo di
Santacolomba
1519 - 1521
Alessandro
Trivulzio
(d. 1521)
1521 - 18 Nov 1521
Girolamo Trivulzio
(d. 1524)
Papal Legates
19 Nov 1521 - 1522
Antonio Pucci,
vescovo di Pistoia (b. 1484 - d. 1544)
Jan? 1522 - 1524
Goro Gheri, vescovo di Fano
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1524 - Jul
1529
Bartolomeo
Ferratino
(d. 1534)
1529 - 1534
Alessandro Caccia
1534 - Nov
1534
Ugo Rangoni, vescovo di Reggio
(b. 1484 - d. 1540)
Nov 1534 - 14 Dec 1534 Capino Capini
(acting)
14 Dec 1534 -
1537
Filiberto Ferrero, vescovo di
(b. 1500 - d. 1548)
Ivrea
Mar 1537 - 1538
Mario Aligero, vescovo di Rieti
(b. 1472 - d. 1555)
1538 -
1539
Tarusio Tarusi
1539 - 1540
Nicolò Farfara
Jun 1540 -1542
Marco
Quinto Vigerio, vescovo di (b. 1502 - d. 1560)
Senigallia
1542 -
1544
Uberto Cardinale Gambara
(b. 1489 - d. 1549)
1544 - Aug 1544
Marino Cardinale
Grimani
(b. c.1489 - d. 1546)
Aug 1544 -
1545
Egidio Falcetta de Cingulo (acting)(b. 1496 - d. 1564)
(vice-legate)
Dukes/Duchesses
23 Sep 1545 - 12 Sep 1547 the duke of Parma
12 Sep 1547 - 19 Oct 1556 occupied by
Milan
19 Oct 1556 - 28 Apr 1736 the dukes of Parma
28 Apr 1736 - 5 Feb 1749 the dukes/duchess
of Milan
5 Feb 1749 - 7 May 1796 the
dukes of Parma
French
Governor of Piacenza
7
May 1796 - 30 Apr 1799 Dionigi
Crescini
Malaspina
(b. 1750 - d. 1845)
French
Commander in Piacenza
Apr 1799 - 30 Apr 1799
Michel Marie Claparède
(b. 1770 - d.
1842)
Dukes
30 Apr 1799 - 1 Nov 1802 the duke of
Parma
1
Nov 1802 - Apr
1814 French
rule
(Nominal
French) Duke of Piacenza (title
Duc du Plaisance)
24
Apr 1808 - Apr 1814
Charles-François
Lebrun
(b. 1739 - d. 1824)
Duchess/Dukes
6
Apr 1814 - 28
Mar 1848 the
duchess/dukes of Parma
President of the
Provisional Government
in Piacenza
6
Apr 1814 - 4 Aug 1814 Provisional
Government
in Piacenza
- Alberto Douglas Scotti,
conte (b. 1763 - d. 1841)
da Fombio
- Giovanni Battista,
conte (b.
1766 - d. 1846)
Anguissola
da Vigolzone
20
Mar 1848 - 27 Mar 1848
Regency
in Piacenza
- Luigi, conte Sanvitale di
(b. 1799 -
d. 1876)
Fontanellato
- Girolamo Cantelli, conte di
(b. 1815 - d. 1884)
Rubbiano
- Pietro Gioia (to 28 Mar 1848)
(b. 1795 - d. 1863)
- Pietro Agostino Ferdinando
(b. 1786 - d. 1860)
Maestri
- Pietro
Pellegrini
(b. 1809 - d. 1851)
President of the
Provisional Government of Piacenza
28 Mar 1848 - 2 Jun 1848 Pietro
Gioia
(s.a.)
Lib
Extraordinary Commissioners of the King of
Sardinia
2 Jun 1848 - 11 Jul 1848 Federico
Colla
(b. 1790 - d. 1879)
11
Jul 1848 - 17 Aug 1848 Giuseppe, barone
Sappa
(b. 1803 - d. 1873)
17 Aug 1848 - 16 Mar 1849 Austrian
occupation
16
Mar 1849 - 6 Apr 1849 the
Sardinian Commissioner of Parma
6 Apr 1849 - 23 May 1849 Government
Junta of Piacenza
- Giulio, conte
Barattieri
(governor)
-
Luigi, conte Guarnaschelli
(b. 1793 - d. 1882)
-
Gaetano, conte Petrucci
Austrian Royal Extraordinary Commissioner
for the Reorganization
of the Administration of the Territory of Piacenza
23 May 1849 - 25 Aug 1849 Gian
Francesco Pallavicino (b.
1800 - d. 1884)
Dukes
25
Aug 1849 - 1 May 1859 the dukes
of Parma
4 May 1859 - 9 Jun 1859
the dukes of Parma
10 Jun 1859 - 17 Jun 1859 Provisional
Government Commission
of
the Duchy of Piacenza, regent in the
name of King Vittorio Emanuele II
- Giuseppe Manfredi
(b. 1828 - d. 1918)
Lib
- Giuseppe, marchese
Mischi (b. 1817 - d.
1896)
- Fabrizio Gavardi
Sardinian Royal Commissioner
17 Jun 1859 - 18 Aug 1859 the
royal commissioner of Parma
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996 - 1106
Papal State rule.
1106 - 1137
Pesaro a free commune.
1137 -
1168
Papal State
rule.
1168 -
1178
Pesaro a free commune.
1178 -
1198
Papal State rule.
1198 -
1200
Imperial rule.
1200 - 1210
Papal State rule.
1210 -
1216
Imperial rule.
1216 -
c.1242
Pesaro a free commune.
c.1242 - 1250
Imperial rule.
1250 -
1285
Papal State rule (occupied by Naples 1259-1266).
1304
Lordship of Pesaro (Signoria di Pesaro)
under Rimini led by
the
Malatesta family.
Aug 1306 - 1324
Papal State rule.
1330 - 3 Jun 1334
Papal State rule.
3 Jun 1334 - 25 May 1343
Restored to Rimini under the Malatesta family.
25 May
1343
Given to the son of the ruler of Rimini.
2 Jun 1431 - 24 Sep
1433 Papal State rule.
18 Jan 1445
Sold to the Sforza
family.
28 Oct
1500
Ruler excommunicated and Pesaro ceded to Romagna.
28 Oct 1500 - 3 Sep 1503
Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
1 Jan 1514
Acquired by Urbino (by Papal bull
of 20 Feb 1513).
1 Jan
1625
Under rule of Papal State.
12 May
1631
Formally annexed to Papal
State.
Lords (title Signore di
Pesaro)
1304 - Aug
1306
the lords of Rimini
Aug 1306 - 1324
Papal
rule
1324 - 1330
the lords of Rimini
1330 - 3 Jun 1334
Cardinale Bertrando
del
(b. 1280 - d. 1352)
Poggetto -Papal Legate
3 Jun 1334 - 25 May 1343 the lords of
Rimini
25 May 1343 - Jan 1373 Pandolfo (II)
di Malatesta de (b.
c.1325 - d. 1373)
Malatestis
Jan 1373 - 19 Dec 1429
Malatesta (III) di
Pandolfo de (b. c.1366
- d. 1429)
Malatestis
Jan 1373 - 21 Jan 1385 Galeotto
di Pandolfo de
(b. 130. - d. 1385)
Malatestis -Regent
19 Dec 1429 - 2 Jun 1431 Galeazzo di
Malatesta de Malatestis(b. 1385 - d. 1457)
(1st time)
- jointly with the
following two -
19 Dec 1429 - 2 Jun 1431 Pandolfo
(III) di Malatesta de (b. c.1390
- d. 1441)
Malatestis (1st time)
19 Dec 1429 - 2 Jun 1431 Carlo di
Malatesta de Malatestis (b. 139. - d. 1438)
(1st time)
2 Jun 1431 - 24 Sep 1433 Papal
rule
24 Sep 1433 - 18 Jan
1445 Galeazzo di Malatesta de Malatestis(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- jointly with the
following two -
24 Sep 1433 - 21 Apr 1441 Pandolfo
(III) di Malatesta de (s.a.)
Malatestis (2nd time)
24 Sep 1433 - 14 Nov 1438 Carlo di
Malatesta de Malatestis (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Counts and Lords (title Conte
di Cotignola, Signore di Pesaro)
18 Jan 1445 - 3 Apr 1473 Alessandro
di Muzio Sforza (b.
1409 - d. 1473)
3 Apr 1473 - 19 Jul 1483 Costanzo (I)
di Alessandro Sforza (b. 1447 - d. 1483)
19 Jul 1483 - 28 Oct 1500 Giovanni di
Costanzo Sforza (b. 1466 - d.
1510)
(1st time)
28 Oct 1500 - 3 Sep
1503 Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b.
1475 - d. 1507)
3 Sep 1503 - 27 Jul 1510 Giovanni di
Costanzo
Sforza (s.a.)
(2nd time)
27 Jul 1510 - 5 Aug 1512
Giuseppe Maria di Giovanni Sforza (b. 1505 - d.
1512)
(Costanzo II Sforza)
27 Jul 1510 - 5 Aug 1512 Galeazzo di
Costanzo Sforza -Regent(b. 1466
- d. 1519)
5 Aug 1512 - 2
Oct 1512 Galeazzo di Costanzo Sforza
(s.a.)
29 Oct 1512 - 1513
Michele Cardinale Claudio, vescovo (b.
14.. - d. 1513)
di Monopoli -Papal governor
1513 - 1 Jan 1514
....
1 Jan 1514 - 1 Jan 1525
the rulers of Urbino
Piacenza: see under Parma
Piedmont: see under Sardinia (Piedmont-Sardinia)
Piombino
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![[Piombino
possible Appiani dynasty banner 1399-1634
(Italy)]](it-appiani.gif "[Piombino possible Appiani
dynasty banner 1399-1634 (Italy)]")
![[Principality
of Piombino 1701-1803 (Italy)]](it_piomb.gif "[Principality of Piombino 1701-1803
(Italy)]")
![[Piombino and
Lucca 1805-1809 (Italy)]](it_piom2.gif "[Piombino and
Lucca 1805-1809 (Italy)]")
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c.1013 - 1399 Part of Pisa.
18 Feb 1399 Lordship of Piombino created when Gherardo d'Appiano sells Pisa
to Milan, but retains Piombino and islands of Elba, Montecristo
and Pianosa.
1404 - 1463 Under the suzerainty of Florence.
1463 - 1509 Under the suzerainty of "Sicily" (Naples).
3 Sep 1501 - Sep 1503 Papal rule under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
8 Nov 1509 Piombino an immediate fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire, under
the suzerainty of Spain (from 1735, "Sicily" [Naples]).
26 May 1529 Turkish pirates sack the port.
22 Jun 1548 Emperor Charles V invested Cosimo de' Medici, Duke of Florence, with
Piombino in exchange for a cash payment. The Emperor revokes
the investiture to the Duke on 24 Jul 1548.
24 Jul 1548 - 12 Aug 1552 Occupied by Spain.
15 Aug 1552 Capitulation between Tuscany and Piombino, Tuscany promises to
restore Piombino in due time (see below).
12 Aug 1552 - 1 Aug 1559 Occupied by Tuscany.
1 Aug 1559 Lordship of Piombino (restored), but Elba is partitioned between
Tuscany, Piombino, and Spain (from 1735, "Sicily" [Naples])
(by treaty dated 29 May 1557).
7 Feb 1594 Principality of Piombino (Principato di Piombino).
20 Feb 1603 - 31 Oct 1611 Occupied by Spain.
10 Apr 1628 - 20 May 1634 Occupied by Spain.
20 Mar 1631 Given to Niccolò Ludovisi, imperial diploma effective 20 May 1634.
8 Oct 1646 - 18 Jul 1650 French occupation, prince continues reign.
1713 - 1735 Under the suzerainty of the King of Spain (Piombino is released
from the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1713).
3 Oct 1735 Under the suzerainty of "Sicily" (Naples).
7 Nov 1796 - 15 Apr 1797 British occupation under Henry Tucker Montresor (b. 1760- d. 1837),
prince continues rule.
27 Mar 1799 - 9 Jul 1799 French occupation.
28 Mar 1801 "Sicily" (Naples) renounces all rights to Piombino and Elba.
24 Sep 1803 Annexed to France by decree (dated 15 Jul 1803).
18 Mar 1805 - 18 Mar 1814 Principality of Piombino (Principato di Piombino/Principauté
de Piombino)(French rule, under Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi).
3 Mar 1809 Attached to, but not annexed to, Tuscany (which is part of France).
12 May 1814 - Apr 1815 Austrian occupation (administered from Lucca).
Apr 1815 Annexed to Tuscany.
Lords/Ladies (title Signore/Signora di Piombino, dell'Isola dell'Elba, Montecristo e Pianosa)
18 Feb 1399 - May 1405 Gherardo Leonardo d'Appiani (b. 135. - d. 1405)
May 1405 – 27 Dec 1441 Jacomo II d'Appiani (b. 1400? – d. 1441)
- jointly with -
May 1405 – 30 Nov 1445 Paola Colonna (f) (b. 1378? – d. 1445)
30 Nov 1445 – 19 Feb 1451 Caterina d'Appiani-Orsini (f) (b. c.1398 – d. 1451)
- jointly with -
30 Nov 1445 - 13 Jul 1450 Rinaldo Orsini (b. 138. - d. 1450)
19 Feb 1451 – 15 Feb 1457 Emanuele d'Appiani (b. c.1380 – d. 1457)
15 Feb 1457 – 22 Mar 1474 Jacomo III d'Appiani (b. 1422? - d. 1474)
22 Mar 1474 – 3 Sep 1501 Jacomo IV d'Appiani (1st time) (b. 1459? – d. 1510)
(exiled 16 aug 1501)
16 Aug 1501 - 3 Sep 1501 Gherardo d'Appiani, conte di (b. c.1461 - d. 1502)
Montagnano -Regent
3 Sep 1501 - Sep 1503 Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b. 1475 – d. 1507)
Sep 1503 – 10 Apr 1510 Jacomo IV d'Appiani (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Apr 1510 – 20 Oct 1545 Jacomo V d'Appiano d'Aragona (b. c.1480 – d. 1545)
20 Oct 1545 - 22 Jun 1548 Jacomo VI d'Appiano d'Aragona (b. 1529 – d. 1585)
(1st time)
20 Oct 1545 - 22 Jun 1548 Elena Salviati (f) -Regent (b. 1495 - d. 1552)
22 Jun 1548 - 24 Jul 1548 Girolamo di Luca degli Albizzi (b. 1486 - d. 1556)
(Florentine governor-general)
Spanish governors
24 Jul 1548 - 1552? Diego de Luna
1552? - 12 Aug 1552 Diego de Navajas Navarrete
Florentine Lieutenant governors and Commanders
12 Aug 1552 - 26 Sep 1552 Signorotto (Otto) di Montauto (d. 1552)
28 Sep 1552 - 8 Jan 1557 Rosa da Vicchio
1557 - 7 Feb 1559 Girolamo d'Appiano (b. 1488 - d. 1559)
7 Feb 1559 - 1 Aug 1559 ....
Lords (title Signore di Piombino, dell'Isola dell'Elba, Montecristo e Pianosa)
1 Aug 1559 - 15 May 1585 Jacomo VI d'Appiano d'Aragona (s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Jun 1576 - 15 May 1585 Alessandro d'Appiano d'Aragona-Regent(b. 1555 - d. 1590)
15 May 1585 – 28 Sep 1590 Alessandro I d'Appiano d'Aragona (s.a.)
28 Sep 1590 – 7 Feb 1594 Jacomo VII d'Appiano d'Aragona (b. 1581 – d. 1603)
28 Sep 1590 - 7 Feb 1594 Isabella Mendoza (f) -Regent (b. 1558 - d. 1607)
Princes¹(title Principe di Piombino)
7 Feb 1594 – 5 Jan 1603 Jacomo VII (s.a.)
5 Jan 1603 - 20 Feb 1603 Carlo (b. 1560 - d. 1621)
Spanish governors
20 Feb 1603 - Apr 1603 Luis Henriquez
Apr 1603 - 31 Oct 1611 Pedro Pasquier
Princess/Princesses¹ (title Principe/Principessa di Piombino)
31 Oct 1611 – 10 Apr 1628 Isabella I (f) (b. 1577 - d. 1661)
10 Apr 1628 - 20 May 1634 Spanish occupation
Apr 1628 - c.1629 Matías Beltrán de Manurga (d. c.1629)
(Spanish governor)
1629? - 1629 (3 months) Cosimo de Silva (d. 1629)
(Spanish governor)
1629 - 20 May 1634 .... (Spanish governors)
20 May 1634 - 25 Dec 1664 Niccolò I (b. 1613 - d. 1664)
10 Jul 1658 - 25 Dec 1664 Costanza Pamphili (f) -Regent (b. 1627 - d. 1665)
25 Dec 1664 - 24 Aug 1699 Giovanni Battista I (b. 1647 - d. 1699)
24 Aug 1699 - 1 Jan 1700 Niccolò II (b. 1698 - d. 1700)
24 Aug 1699 - 1 Jan 1700 Anna Maria Arduino (f) -Regent (b. 1672 - d. 1700)
1 Jan 1700 - 27 Nov 1700 Olimpia (f) (b. 1656 - d. 1700)
27 Nov 1700 - 29 Dec 1733 Ippolita (f) (b. 1663 - d. 1733)
27 Nov 1700 - 1 Feb 1707 Gregorio -Co-ruler (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
29 Dec 1733 - 5 Jan 1745 Maria Eleonora (f) (b. 1686 - d. 1745)
5 Jan 1745 - 24 May 1777 Gaetano (b. 1706 - d. 1777)
24 May 1777 - 27 Mar 1799 Antonio (1st time) (b. 1735 - d. 1805)
27 Mar 1799 - 9 Jul 1799 Pierre François Montserrat (b. 1758 - d. 1820)
(Mont Serraz) -French commander
9 Jul 1799 - 24 Sep 1803 Antonio (2nd time) (s.a.)
Administrator general
24 Sep 1803 - 14 Oct 1804 Joseph, vicomte de Cambis (b. 1748 - d. 1825)
Commandant of State
14 Oct 1804 - 31 May 1805 Jean-François Carteaux (b. 1751 - d. 1813)
Princess (title Principessa di Piombino)
18 Mar 1805 - 18 Mar 1814 Maria Anna Elisa (= Elisa Bonaparte) (b. 1777 - d. 1820)
Austrian Governor-general
12 May 1814 - 1 Mar 1815 Anton Gundacker Graf von (b. 1776 - d. 1842)
Starhemberg
Governor-general of the Palace
18 May 1806 - 1810 Adolphe Beauvais (b. 17.. - d. 1810)
French Commanders and Governors of Porto-Longone and of Piombino
1646 Achille de Longueval, seigneur de (b. 1597 - d. 1677)
Manicamp
1646 - Mar 1648 Godefroy, comte d'Estrades (b. 1607 - d. 1686)
1646 - 1650 Jacques Brachet (d. 1659)
(French Intendant des finances for Piombino and Portolongone)
Mar 1648 - Mar 1649 François Honorat de Beauvilliers, (b. 1607 - d. 1687)
comte de Saint-Aignan
22 Mar 1649 - 1650 Melchior de la Tour de Noaillac
French Commanders
May 1801 - Feb 1802 Blondeau
Feb 1802 - c.1803 Jean Blanc
c.1803 - 14 Oct 1804 Joseph Brulon (b. c.1770 - d. 18..)
¹rulers full style:
(a) 7 Feb 1594 - 1634: Principe/Principessa di Piombino ("Prince of Piombino");
(b) 1634 - 1 Feb 1707: Principe/Principessa di Piombino, Marchese/Marchesa di Populonia, Signore/Signora di Scarlino, Signore/Signora dell'Isola dell'Elba, Montecristo e Pianosa ecc. ecc. ("Prince/Princess of Piombino, Lord/Lady of the Isle of Elba, Montecristo and Pianosa, etc., etc.");
(c) 1 Feb 1707 - 29 Dec 1733: Duca/Duchessa di Sora e Arce, [from 16 May 1656] Principe/Principessa di Venosa, Marchese/Marchesa di Populonia, [from 16 May 1656] Conte/Contessa di Conza, Signore/Signora di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Isola d'Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Cerboli, Palmaiola, [from 16 May 1656] e di Castelvetere, [from 1 Feb 1707] Marchese/Marchesa di Vignola ("Duke/Duchess of Sora and Arce; [from 16 May 1656] Prince/Princess of Venosa; Marquess/Marchioness of Populonia; [from 16 May 1656] Count/Countess of Conza; Lord/Lady of Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbey of Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Isle of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Cerboli, Palmaiola, [from 16 May 1656] and Castelvetere; [from February 1, 1707] Marquess/Marchioness of Vignola");
(d) 29 Dec 1733 - 24 Sep 1803: Principe/Principessa di Piombino, Duca/Duchessa di Sora ec. ec. ec. ("Prince/Princess of Piombino, Duke/Duchess of Sora, etc., etc., etc.").
Pisa: see under Tuscany
Pontecorvo: see under Papal State
Raguse (Ragusa): see under Croatia
Reggio: see under Modena
Rimini
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13 Dec 1295 Lordship of Rimini (dominium Ariminensis/Signoria di Rimini).
Apr 1331 - 22 Sep 1333 Papal rule.
1 Jan 1315 - 1 Jan 1334 Cesena annexed.
22 Oct 1378 - 20 Nov 1465 Cesena annexed.
10 Oct 1500 - 6 Sep 1503 Papal rule under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
16 Dec 1503 - Jun 1509 Occupied by Venice.
Jun 1509 - 24 May 1522 Papal rule.
Mar 1523 - 14 Jun 1527 Ruled by Urbino.
17 Jun 1528 Annexed to the Papal State.
Lords (title Signore di Rimini)
May 1335 - Oct 1363 Malatesta III "Guastafamiglia" (b. c.1299 - d. 1364)
Oct 1363 - 17 Jul 1372 Malatesta IV "l'Ungaro" (b. 1327 - d. 1372)
17 Jul 1372 - 21 Jan 1385 Galeotto Malatesta (b. 1299 - d. 1385)
21 Jan 1385 - 14 Sep 1429 Carlo I Malatesta (b. 1368 - d. 1429)
14 Sep 1429 - 10 Oct 1432 Galeotto Roberto Malatesta (b. 1412 - d. 1432)
10 Oct 1432 - 9 Oct 1468 Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (b. 1417 - d. 1468)
9 Oct 1468 - 10 Sep 1482 Roberto Malatesta (b. 1441? - d. 1482)
10 Sep 1482 - 10 Oct 1500 Pandolfo V "Pandolfaccio" Malatesta (b. 1475 - d. 1534)
(1st time)
10 Oct 1500 - 6 Sep 1503 Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b. 1475 – d. 1507)
6 Sep 1503 - 16 Dec 1503 Pandolfo IV "Pandolfaccio" Malatesta (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Venetian Podestà e capitano
16 Dec 1503 – 1505 Domenico Malipiero (b. 1428 - d. 1515)
1505 – 1506 Alvise Contarini
1506 – 1508 Giovanni Gritti
1508 – 1509 Giovanni Badoer
27 Feb 1509 - 3 Mar 1509 Leonardo Bembo (d. 1520)
(provveditore straordinario)
1509 - Jun 1509 Alvise d'Armer
Papal Governatori
1509 - 1510 Niccolò Capranica, vescovo di (d. 1518)
Nicastro
Jan 1510 - 11 Aug 1510 Antonio Crastini, vescovo di (d. 1510)
Montefeltro
Oct 1510 - 151. Giacomo Pasi, vescovo di Faenza (d. 1528)
16 Jun 1511 - 151. Bernardino Scannafora, vescovo di (d. 1529)
Castro di Puglia
1512 Gabriello di Pellegrino
Jun 1512 - 151. Paolo Alessandri degli Strabuzzi, (d. 1537)
vescovo di Montefeltro
15 May 1513 - 151. Galeazzo Corvara, vescovo di Sarsina (d. 1524)
May/Jun 1514 - 15.. Pier Francesco Ridolfi
c.1521 - 1522 Guido de' Guidoni, protonotario (d. 1528)
Lords (title Signore di Rimini)
24 May 1522 - Mar 1523 Pandolfo V "Pandolfaccio" Malatesta (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Mar 1523 - 14 Jun 1527 the Duke of Urbino
14 Jun 1527 - 17 Jun 1528 Pandolfo V "Pandolfaccio" Malatesta (s.a.)
(4th time)
Romagna (duchy 1501-1503): see under Papal State
Sabbioneta
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![[Duchy of
Sabbioneta 1578-1703 (Italy)]](it-sabbioneta.gif "[Duchy of
Sabbioneta 1578-1703 (Italy)]")
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3 Feb 1479
County of Rodigo separated
from Mantua.
5 May 1565
Marquisate of Sabbioneta (Marchionatus Sabbionetae/
Marchesato di Sabbioneta), independence from
Mantua.
23 Jul 1574
Principality of Sabbioneta
(Principato di Sabbioneta).
18 Nov 1577
Duchy of
Sabbioneta (Ducato di Sabbioneta).
10 Feb 1637
Inherited by the Gonzaga princes of Bozzolo, but actual
administration is under the Spanish Duchy of Milan.
24 Apr
1703
Inherited by the Duchy of Guastalla, along
with the Principality
of Bozzolo.
18 Oct
1748
Annexed (along with principality of
Bozzolo) to Duchy of Mantua.
Counts (title
Conte di Rodigo)
3 Feb 1479 - 28 Aug 1496
Gianfrancesco I
(b. 1443 - d. 1496)
28
Aug 1496 - Jun 1540
Ludovico
(b. 1480 - d. 1540)
Jun
1540 - 5 May 1565
Vespasiano
(b. 1531 - d. 1591)
Marquess
(title Marchese di Sabbioneta
e conte di Bozzolo)
5 May 1565 - 23 Jul 1574
Vespasiano
(s.a.)
Prince (title
Principe di Sabbioneta)
23 Jul 1574 - 18 Nov 1577 Vespasiano
(s.a.)
Dukes (title Duca/Duchessa
di Sabbioneta)
18
Nov 1577 - 26 Feb 1591 Vespasiano
(s.a.)
26 Feb 1591 - 10
Feb 1637 Isabella -Duchess
(b. 1565 - d. 1637)
Dukes and Princes (title Duca di Sabbioneta e
Principe di Bozzolo)
10 Feb 1637 - 12 May 1670
Scipione
(b. 1595 – d. 1670)
12 May 1670 - 1672
Ferdinando
Filippo
(b. 1643 – d. 1672)
1672 - 24 Apr 1703
Gianfrancesco II
(b. 1646 –
d. 1703)
Governors of Sabbioneta [appointed by the Duchy of
Milan]
1637 - 1644
Anna Carafa
delle Stadera,
(b. 1607 – d. 1644)
principessa di Stigliano (f)
1644 - 1689
Nicola Maria de Guzman
Carafa, duca (b. 1638 – d. 1689)
di Mondragone
1689 - 1693
directly under Milan
1693 - 1703
Francesco Maria
Spinola, principe (b. 1659 – d. 1727)
di Molfetta
Saluzzo
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![[Margraviate
of Saluzzo to c.1507 (Italy)]](it-saluz1.gif "[Margraviate of Saluzzo to c.1507
(Italy)]")
![[Margraviate of
Saluzzo (Saluces) c.1507-1601 (Italy)]](it-saluz.gif "[Margraviate of Saluzzo (Saluces)
c.1507-1601 (Italy)]")
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22 Dec 1142
Margraviate of Saluzzo (Marchio
Salutiarum/Marchesato di Saluzzo).
1341 -
1344
Naples intervenes in succession dispute in favor of
Manfredo V.
11 Nov
1375
Given to Piedmont by imperial investiture, which is then
voided on 9 May 1376.
7 Apr 1487 - 20 Aug 1490 Occupied
by Piedmont.
28 Mar 1537 - 3 Nov 1537 French
occupation.
29 Jun 1543 - 24 Mar 1544 Spanish
intervention, marchese imprisoned.
23 Feb 1548 - 29 Jul 1548 French
occupation.
29 Jul 1548
Annexed by France (as Saluces).
28 Sep 1588
Annexed by Savoy-Piedmont (ratified 17
Jan 1601).
17 Jan 1601
Formally ceded to
Savoy-Piedmont by France. Savoy ceded Bresse,
Bugey,
and Gex as well as Valromey to France.
16.. - 30 May
1631
Occupied by France.
Margraves (title
Marchione Salutiarum/Marchese di Saluzzo)
22 Dec 1142 -
1175 Manfredo I
(b. 109. - d. 1175)
1175 - 2 Feb
1215
Manfredo II "Punasio"
(b. 1140
- d. 1215)
2 Feb 1215 - 29 Oct 1244
Manfredo III "Manfredino"
(b. 120. - d. 1244)
29 Oct 1244
- 3 Dec 1296 Tommaso I
(b. 1236 - d. 1296)
29 Oct 1244 -
1247
Beatrice di Savoia (f) -Regent
(b. c.1223 - d. 1259)
1247 - 12 Jun 1253
Bonifacio II di Monferrato -Regent
(b. 1209 - d. 1253)
1253 -
1254
Tommaso II di Savoia -Regent
(b. 1199 - d. 1259)
3 Dec 1296 - 29 Dec 1334 Manfredo
IV
(b. 1262 - d. 1340)
29 Dec
1334 - 29 Jun 1336
Federico I
(b. c.1287 - d. 1336)
29 Jun 1336 - 15 Aug 1357
Tommaso II
(b. c.1304 - d. 1357)
(prisoner of Manfredo V 1341-1344)
Apr 1341 - 27 Mar
1344 Manfredo V
(pretender)
(b. c.1311 - d. 1392)
15 Aug 1357 -
1396
Federico II
(b. c.1332 - d. 1396)
1396 - Oct
1416
Tommaso III
(b. 1356 - d. 1416)
Oct 1416 -
8 Apr 1475 Lodovico I
(b. 1406 - d. 1475)
Oct 1416 - 1419
Margherita di Roucy (f) -Regent
(b. 138. - d.
1419)
(governatrice)
1419 -
1424
Valerano Saluzzo della Manta -Regent (b.
c.1374 - d. 1443)
8 Apr 1475 - 7 Apr 1487
Lodovico II (1st time)
(b. 1438 - d.
1504)
7 Apr 1487 - 20 Aug 1490 occupied
by Piedmont
20 Aug 1490 - 27 Jan 1504 Lodovico II (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
27 Jan 1504 - 18
Oct 1528 Michele Antonio
(b. 1495 - d. 1528)
27 Jan 1504 - 18
Oct 1528 Margherita di Foix (f)
-Regent
(b. 1473 - d. 1536)
(tutrix to 26 Oct 1521, then governatrice
i amministratrice)
18 Oct 1528 - 29 Jun 1529
Giovanni Lodovico (Gianlodovico)
(b. 1496 - d. 1563)
(1st time)
29 Jun 1529 - 28
Mar 1537 Francesco Lodovico
(b. 1498 - d. 1537)
French Commissioner-general
28 Mar 1537 - 3 Nov 1537 Giovanni
Giacomo de Barba Novarese,
signore di Sanfronte
Margraves (title Marchese
di Saluzzo)
3 Nov 1537 - 29 Jun 1543
Gabriele Lodovico (1st time)
(b. 1501 - d. 1548)
29 Jun 1543 - 24 Mar 1544 Giovanni
Lodovico (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Mar 1544 - 23 Feb 1548
Gabriele Lodovico (2nd time)
(s.a.)
23 Feb 1548 - 29 Jul 1548 French
occupation
29 Jul 1548 - 28 Sep 1588 the kings
of France
French Governors (gouverneur de Saluces)
6 Mars 1537 - 1538
Jean
d'Humières
(d. 1580)
Aug 1538 - 1548
Jean-Jacques Barba
(b. 1490 - d. 1565)
(= Giovanni Giacomo Barba)
21 Aug 1548 - 15 Feb 1555 Antoine Croignet
10 Jul 1550 -
1559
Charles de Cossé, comte de Brissac (b.
1506 - d. 1563)
31 Mar 1559 - 12 Dec 1562 Imbert de La Platière,
seigneur (b. 1516 - d. 1567)
de Bourdillon
5 Apr 1567 - 1574
Louis IV de Gonzague-Nevers,
(b. 1539 - d. 1595)
duc de
Nevers (= Ludovico Gonzaga)
19 Oct 1574 - 1579
Charles de
Birague (= Carlo Birago) (d. 1591)
13 Sep 1579 - 20 Dec 1579 Roger de Saint-Lary,
seigneur de (b. 1525 - d. 1579)
Bellegarde
20 Dec 1579 -
1580
César de Saint-Lary, seigneur
de (b. 1563 - d. 1587)
Bellegarde
9 Apr 1580 -
1580
Bernard de Nogaret, marquis
de (b. 1553 -
d. 1592)
La Valette
27 Sep 1580 - 1581?
Albert de Gondi, (from 1581)
(b. 1522 - d. 1602)
duc de Retz (= Albèrto Gondi)
San Marino: see separate entry for San Marino
Sardinia (from 1720, Sardinia-Piedmont)
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![[Royal Standard
of the Savoyard kings of Sardinia of Savoy
dynasty c.1571 -1816 (Italy)]](fr-savoy.gif "[Royal
Standard of the Savoyard kings of Sardinia of
Savoy dynasty c.1571 -1816 (Italy)]")
![[Sardinia-Piedmont merchant flag c.1782
-c.1802 (Italy)]](it_sabo2.gif "[Sardinia-Piedmont
merchant flag c.1782 -c.1802 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of
Sardinia merchant flag c.1802-1814 (Italy)]](it_sa814.gif "[Kingdom of Sardinia merchant flag
c.1802-1814 (Italy)]")
![[Sardinia-Piedmont merchant and war flag
1814-1816 (Italy)]](it_sa816.gif "[Sardinia-Piedmont
merchant and war flag 1814-1816 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Sardinia State flag
1816-1848 (Italy)]](it_cer-e.gif "[Kingdom of
Sardinia State flag 1816-1848 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Sardinia, 1848-1851
(Italy)]](it-sard48.gif "[Kingdom of Sardinia,
1848-1851 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Sardinia flag 1851-1861
(Italy)]](it-1897m.gif "[Kingdom of Sardinia flag
1851-1861 (Italy)]")
| Map of Sardinia-Piedmont | Hear
National Anthem "Inno Sardo"/ "Hymnu Sardu Nationali" (Sardinian Hymn) (1844 - 17 Mar 1861) |
Royal
Anthem "Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza" (Royal March of Ordinance) (1831 - 17 Mar 1861) |
Constitution
("Statuto") (4 Mar 1848 - 2 Jun 1946) |
| Capital: Turin
(Torino) (12 Dec 1562-1798, 1814-1861; Cagliari 1798-1814) Sardinia Island - Cagliari (Bonaria 1324-1326) Savoy - Chambéry to 1562 |
Currency: 6
Aug 1816 - 17 Mar 1861 Sardinian Lira (XITL); 1730-1805 Piedmontese Scudo (XITS) |
National Holiday:
14 Mar 1810 Compleanno del Re (Birthday of the King [Vittorio Emanuele II]) (1849-1860) |
Population:
5,168,000 (1857) 3,164,000 (1790) (including Piedmont 2,085,000, Sardinia 437,000, Savoy 379,000, Duchy of Montferrat 185,000, County of Nice 78,000) |
| Exports: $38.6 million (1856) | Imports: $53.5 million (1856) | Military Force: 51,000 (1858) (including irregular 11,000) |
Merchant marine: 2,900 ships (1856) |
| International
Organizations/Treaties to 1861: CED |
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c.1800 BC - c.500 BC Nuragic
civilization.
c.510 BC - 238 BC
Colonized by Carthage.
238 BC - 456 AD
Part of the Roman (Republic to
27 BC) Empire (as Provincia Corsica
et
Sardinia).
456 - 469
Part of the Vandal kingdom.
469 - c.474
Part of the Roman Empire.
c.474 - 533
Part of the Vandal kingdom.
533 - c.842
Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (briefly
occupied by
the
Ostrogoths in 552).
c.687
Judicatus (Italian giudicati,
Sardinian logu)
"judgeships"
(provinces) established, each governed by a iudex
(giudice), at
Logudoro
(Torres) and Arborea, and
later Cagliari and Gallura.
c.687 -
c.807
The iudex (giudice)
of Cagliari is usually styled Judex sive rex.
711
Brief Arab invasion captures Cagliari and nearby coastal
regions.
c.827
Byzantine control over Sardinia effectively lost with
the loss of
Sicily
to the Arabs. Sardinian provincial Byzantine officials,
called iudici
("judges") began to govern autonomously.
1015 - 1016
Parts of Sardinia occupied by
the Caliphate of Qurtuba (Córdoba).
1038 -
1054
Barisone I, iudex (giudice)
of all four judicatus (giudicati),
is
styled Judex
sive rex.
10 Aug 1164
Barisone II,
iudex (giudice) of
Arborea, and later Guelfo (a
"Guelph" is prince)(b. c.1130 - d. 1186), is
crowned Re di
Sardegna ("King of Sardinia") by Holy Roman
Emperor Friedrich I in
Pavia.
Apr 1165
Emperor Friedrich I revokes Barisone's royal title and
proclaims
that
the Archdiocese of Pisa is the sovereign of the whole
island.
1243 -
1272
Enzo (Henry)(b. c.1218 - d. 1272), an
illegitimate son of Emperor
Friedrich II , and iudex (giudice)
of Torres and Gallura, is
styled Iudex sive rex.
1284
Torres is annexed by Genoa.
1295
Pope Boniface VIII formally
establishes the Kingdom Corsica and
Sardinia as a fief of the Papacy, and offers it to King
Jaume II
of Aragón, he accepts the offer in
1303.
1298
One-third of Cagliari is annexed by Pisa.
1308
One-third of Cagliari, and Gallura are annexed by Genoa.
12 Jun
1323
Jaume II of Aragón occupies Cagliari, Gallura,
and Sassari.
24 Apr
1326
Kingdom of Sardinia (Regno di
Sardegna) under Jaume II of
Aragón;
the kings of Aragón (from 1516 as part of the
Spanish Monarchy)
remain
kings of Sardinia until 1708.
1355
The remaining third of the Giudicato
of Cagliari becomes extinct.
20 Jun
1478
The Giudicato of Arborea
becomes extinct.
13 Aug 1708 - 30 Sep
1717 Austrian Habsburg
rule under Carlo (VII) Giuseppe Francesco.
30 Sep 1717 - 17 Feb
1720 Spanish occupation.
17 Feb
1720
The House of Savoy acquires the island of Sardinia with
the (hitherto nominal) style of Kingdom of Sardinia
(although the core of the possessions of the House is
Piedmont, the royal style of Sardinia leads to the
entire
monarchy being styled Kingdom of Sardinia, it includes
the island, the Principality of Piedmont and the
Counties
of Savoy and Nice).
27 Nov 1792 - 25 Apr
1814 Savoy and Nice (from 4 Jan 1793) annexed by
France (the King rules
in exile
in Sardinia).
28 Apr 1796 - 28 May
1799 Piedmont occupied by France.
28 May
1799
Piedmont re-incorporated into Savoy monarchy.
23 Jun 1800 - 25 Apr
1814 Piedmont occupied by France (annexed from 11
Sep 1802).
25 Apr
1814
Restoration of the Piedmontese core to the monarchy,
following the Napoleonic wars.
20 Dec
1814
Genoa annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont.
30 Nov
1859
Lombardy annexed by Sardinia-Piedmont.
18 Mar
1860
Annexation of Guastalla, Parma, Modena, and Romagna.
22 Mar
1860
Annexation of Tuscany.
2 Aug
1860
Counties of Savoy and Nice are ceded to France.
17 Dec
1860
Annexation of Umbria, the Marches and Two Sicilies
(Naples, Sicily).
18 Mar
1861
After having annexed all the Italian states with the
exceptions
of the Papal State, San Marino, and Venetia, the
monarchy becomes
the Kingdom of Italy,
in accordance with a law promulgated on
17 Mar 1861 (effective upon publication on 18 Mar
1861).
c.1015 - c.1038 Gonnario I Comita de Lacon-Gunale (d. c.1038)
c.1038 - c.1060 Torchitorio Barisone I de (d. c.1073)
Lacon-Gunale
c.1060 - c.1070 Mariano I de Lacon-Zori (d. c.1070)
c.1070 - c.110O Orzocco I de Lacon-Zori (d. c.1100)
c.1100 - c.1120 Torbeno di Arborea (d. c.1120)
c.1120 - c.1122 Orzocco II de Lacon-Zori (d. c.1122)
c.1122 Torbeno II de Lacon
11.. - 11.. Comita I
11.. - 11.. Gonario II
11.. - c.1131 Costantino I de Lacon
c.1131 - c.1146 Comita II de Lacon (d. c.1146)
- jointly with -
11.. - 11.. Orzocco III di Arborea
11.. - 11.. Costantino II de Lacon
11.. - 11.. Comita III de Lacon
1146 - 1185 Barisone II de Lacon-Serra (d. 1185)
(from 1164, styled Re di Sardegna)
1185 - 1214 Pietro I de Lacon-Serra (d. 1214)
- jointly with -
1185 - 1211 Ugone I de Serra-Bas (b. 1178 - d. 1211)
(in oppositon to 1192)
1195 - 1214 Guglielmo Salusio IV di Cagliari
(in opposition)
1214 - 1217 Barisone III de Serra
1211 - 1241 Pietro II de Serra-Bas (d. 1241)
1241 - 1297 Mariano II (d. 1297)
- jointly with the following -
1241 - 1264 Guglielmo I di Capraia -Regent (d. 1264)
1264 - 1274 Niccolò I di Capraia (d. 1274)
1274 - 1287 Anselmo I di Capraia (in rebellion)(d. 1287)
1297 - 23 Mar 1304 Giovanni I de Bas-Serra "Chiano" (d. 1304)
23 Mar 1304 - 3 Apr 1308 Andreotto I de Bas-Serra (d. 1308)
1308 - 1321 Mariano III (d. 1321)
1321 - 1335 Ugone II (d. 1335)
1335 - 1347 Pietro III (d. 1347)
1347 - 1375 Mariano IV (b. 1317 - d. 1375)
1375 - 3 Mar 1383 Ugone III (b. 1337 - d. 1383)
1383 - 1387 Federico (b. 1377 - d. 1387)
1383 - 1387 Eleonora d'Arborea (f) -Regent (b. c. 1347 - d. 1402)
(1st time)
1387 - 1407 Mariano V (b. c.1378 -d. 1407)
1387 - 1402 Eleonora d'Arborea (f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1407 - 1410 Guglielmo III di Narbona (b. 1370 - d. 1424)
1408 - 1409 Brancaleone Doria -Regent
1427 - 1455 Antonio I de Serra-Cubello
1455 - 1470 Salvatore I de Serra-Cubello
1470 - 1478 Leonardo Alagon (II) de Serra- (b. 1436 - d. 1494)
Cubello-Alagon
Judges of Cagliari (title iudex Caralitanus/Giudici di Cagliari)
c.1000 - 1058 Mariano I Salusio I (d. 1058)
1058 - 1089 Orzocco Torchitorio I (d. c.1089)
1089 - 1103 Costantino I Salusio II
1103 - 1130 Mariano II Torchitorio II (d. 1130)
1130 - 1163 Costantino II Salusio III (b. c.1100 - d. 1163)
Oct 1163 - 1188 Pietro Torchitorio III (d. af.1188)
1188 - Jan/Feb 1214 Guglielmo I Salusio IV, (b. c.1160 - d. 1214)
marchese di Massa
Jan/Feb 1214 - 1232 Benedetta di Massa (f) (b. c.1194 - d. 1232/33)
- jointly with following four -
1214 - 1217 Barisone II Torchitorio IV (d. 1217)
1220 – 1225 Lamberto Visconti
1227 – 1229 Enzio Capraia
1230 – 1232 Rinaldo Glandi
1232 - 1250 Guglielmo II Salusio V (b. c.1214 - d. 1254)
1232 - 1235 Ranieri della Gherardesca di (d. 1245)
Bolgheri -Regent
1250 - 1256 Giovanni Torchitorio V "Chiano" (d. 1256)
1256 - 1258 Guglielmo III Salusio VI "Cipola" (d. 1258)
Judges of Gallura (title iudex Gallurensis/Giudici di Gallura)
c.1020 - c.1040 Manfredi di Gallura
(Manfredus Pisanus)
c.1040 - c.1065 Ubaldo I di Gallura
c.1065 - c.1080 Costantino I di Gallura
(Costantinus Gallurensis)
c.1080 Saltaro de Zori-Gunale
c.1080 - c.1100 Torchitorio di Zori
c.1100 - 1116 Ittocorre de Gunale
1116 - c.1133 Costantino II Spanu
c.1133 - 1146 Comita Spanu
1146 - 1173 Costantino III de Lacon-Gunale (d. 1173)
1173 - 1203 Barisone I de Lacon-Gunale (d. 1203)
1203 - 1218 Elena de Lacon (f) (b. c.1190 - d. 1218)
- jointly with -
1207 - 1224 Lamberto Visconti di Eldizio (d. 1225)
1224 - 1238 Ubaldo II Visconti (b. 1207 - d. 1238)
1238 - 1275 Giovanni Visconti (d. 1275)
1276 - 1296 Ugolino "Nino" Visconti (b. c.1265 - d. 1296)
1296 - 1308 Giovanna Visconti (f) (b. 1291 - d. 1339)
Judges of Logudoro (or Torres)(title iudex Turritanus/Giudici di Logudoro)
1... - 1... Comita I di Torres
c.1015 - c.1038 Gonario I (Gunnarius, Gunter)
c.1038 - c.1060 Comita II
c.1060 - c.1073 Barisone I di Torres (d. c.1073)
c.1065 - c.1073 Andrea Tanca
c.1073 - c.1082 Mariano I
c.1082 - c.1127 Costantino I di Torres (b. c.1064 - d. 1128)
1127 - 1147 Gonario II (b. 1113 - d. 1182)
1127 - c.1140 Ittocorre Gambella -Regent
1127 Saltaro de Gunale (pretender)
1147 - 1191 Barisone II (d. 1191)
1191 - Dec 1198 Costantino II di Torres (d. 1198)
Dec 1198 - 1218 Comita III di Torres (b. c.1160 - d. 1218)
1218 - 1232 Mariano II (d. 1232)
1232 - 1238 Barisone III (b. 1221 - d. 1238)
1238 - 1259 Aelasia di Torres (f) (b. 1207 - d. 1259)
- jointly with following two -
1236 - 1238 Ubaldo II Visconti (b. 1207 - d. 1238)
1238 - 1259 Enzo di Hohenstaufen (b. c.1218 - d. 1272)
(Guelph prisoner from 1239)
Kings¹
24 Apr 1326 - 23 Jan 1516 the kings of Aragón
23 Jan 1516 - 1 Nov 1700 the kings of Spain
1 Nov 1700 - 17 Feb 1720 Filippo (IV) (b. 1683 - d. 1746)
13 Aug 1708 - 30 Sep 1717 Carlo (III) Giuseppe Francesco (b. 1685 - d. 1740)
(in opposition)
17 Feb 1720 - 3 Sep 1730 Vittorio Amedeo II (b. 1666 - d. 1732)
3 Sep 1730 - 20 Feb 1773 Carlo Emanuele III (b. 1701 - d. 1773)
20 Feb 1773 - 16 Oct 1796 Vittorio Amedeo III (b. 1726 - d. 1796)
16 Oct 1796 - 4 Jun 1802 Carlo Emanuele IV (b. 1751 - d. 1819)
(12 Dec 1798 - 4 Jun 1802, 28 May 1799 - 23 Jun 1800
in refuge in Sardinia)
4 Jun 1802 - 12 Mar 1821 Vittorio Emanuele I (b. 1759 - d. 1824)
(to 25 Apr 1814, in refuge in Sardinia)
12 Mar 1821 - 25 Apr 1821 Carlo Alberto -Regent (b. 1798 - d. 1849)
25 Apr 1821 - 27 Apr 1831 Carlo Felice (b. 1765 - d. 1831)
27 Apr 1831 - 23 Mar 1849 Carlo Alberto (s.a.)
23 Mar 1849 - 18 Mar 1861 Vittorio Emanuele II (b. 1820 - d. 1878)
Grand Chancellors of Royal States of
Sardinia (Gran Cancellieri degli Stati
Reali di Sardegna)
20 Sep 1730 - 23 Feb 1740 Giovanni
Cristoforo, marchese (b. 1658
- d. 1740)
Zoppi
23 Feb 1740 - 12 Feb 1742 Vacant
12 Feb 1742 - 29 May 1745 Carlo Vincenzo
Ferrero, marchese (b. 1680 - d. 1745)
d'Ormea
29 May 1745 - 26 Sep 1768 Vacant
1756 - 9 Jun
1763
Giuseppe Antonio Osorio Alarcòn
(b. 1697 - d. 1763)
(First Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs, informally referred to as
the "prime minister")
26 Sep 1768 - 7 Apr 1779 Carlo Luigi
Caisotti, conte (b.
1694 - d. 1779)
di Santa Vittoria
10 Apr 1779 - 1789
Francesco Antonio Lanfranchi,
(d. 1789)
conte di Ronsecco (acting)
22 May 1789 - Dec 1793 Giuseppe
Ignazio Corte, conte (b. 1710
- d. 1794)
di Bonvicino
7 Jan 1794 - 1795
Cesare Lovera, marchese di
Maria
(acting)
28 Feb 1795 - Jan 1799 Filippo
Avogadro, conte
di
(b. 1734 - d. 1812)
Quaregna (acting)
1799 - 1814?
Giuseppe Maria, conte
di Maistre (b. 1753 - d. 1821)
(acting)
Ministers and First Secretaries of State (Il
ministro e primo segretario di stato)²
20 May 1814 - 7 Oct 1817 Alessandro
Filippo di Vallesa, (b.
1765 – d. 1823)
conte di Montalto
26 Dec 1817 - 13 Mar 1821 Filippo Antonio
Asinari, (b.
1767 – d. 1828)
marchese di San Marzano
5 Jul 1822 - 9 Feb 1835 Vittorio
Amedeo Sallier,
(b. 1774 – d. 1858)
conte della Torre
21 Mar 1835 - 11 Oct 1847 Clemente Solaro,
conte delle
(b. 1792 – d. 1869)
Margarita
2 Nov 1847 - 8 Mar 1848
Giacinto, conte Borelli
(b. 1783 – d. 1860)
Prime ministers (presidents of the council
of ministers)
8 Mar 1848 - 27 Jul
1848 Conte Cesare Balbo
(b. 1789 - d. 1853) Lib
27 Jul 1848 - 15 Aug 1848 Conte Gabrio
Casati
(b. 1798 - d. 1873) Lib
15 Aug 1848 - 11 Oct 1848 Cesare Alfieri,
marchese di
(b. 1799 - d. 1869) Lib
Sostegno
11 Oct 1848 - 16 Dec 1848 Ettore Perrone, conte
di
(b. 1789 - d. 1849) Lib
San
Martino
16 Dec 1848 - 21 Feb 1849 Vincenzo
Gioberti
(b. 1801 - d. 1852) Lib
21 Feb 1849 - 27 Mar 1849 Barone Agostino
Chiodo
(b. 1791 - d. 1861) Lib
27 Mar 1849 - 7 May 1849 Claudio Gabriele
Delaunay
(b. 1786 - d. 1850) Lib
7 May 1849 - 4 Nov 1852 Massimo
Taparelli,
marchese (b.
1798 - d. 1866) Lib
d'Azeglio
4 Nov 1852 - 19 Jul 1859 Camillo Benso,
conte di Cavour (b. 1810 - d.
1861) Des
(1st
time)
19 Jul 1859 - 21 Jan 1860 Alfonso Ferrero,
marchese di (b. 1804 -
d. 1878) Des
La
Marmora
21 Jan 1860 - 18 Mar 1861 Camillo Benso, conte
di Cavour
(s.a.)
Des
(2nd
time)
(continues to 6 Jun 1861 as prime minister of Italy)
Governors-general of the Crown of Aragon
1324
Filippo di
Saluzzo
1324 -
1326
Berengario
Carroz
(d. 1336)
1326
Filippo di Boyl
1326 -
1330
Bernardo di Boxados (1st time)
1329 -
1337
Raimondo di Cardona
1337
Raimondo di Monpavone
1337 -
1339
Raimondo di Ribellas
1340
Bernardo di Boxados
(2nd time)
1341 -
1346
Guglielmo di Cervellon
1347
Giacomo d'Aragona
1347 - 1355
Rambaldo de Corbera
- for Capo di Cagliari and Gallura -
13.. -
13..
Olfo di Procida
13.. -
13..
Esimio Perez de Calatayud
13.. -
13..
Asberto Satrilla
13.. -
13..
Giovanni de Montbui
- for Capo di Logudoro -
13.. -
13..
Galcerando de Fenollet
13.. -
13..
Pietro di Luna
13.. -
13..
Berengario Carroz
13.. -
13..
Poncio de Jardì
13.. -
13..
Francesco Giovanni de Santa Coloma
13.. -
13..
Gilberto de Cruilles
13.. -
13..
Dalmazzo de Jardi
13.. -
13..
Pietro Albert
13.. -
13..
Bernardo de Guimerà
1374 - 1387
Gilberto de Cruillas
- for Sardinia -
1387 -
1391
Esimino Pérez de Arenòs
1391 -
1393
Giovanni di Montbui
1393 -
1397
Arrigo della Rocca
1397 -
1398
Ruggero di Moncada
1398 -
1408
Francesco di Santa Coloma
1408 -
1409
Martino il Giovane
1409 -
1411
Pietro Torellas
1411
Giovanni di Corbera
1411 -
1415
Berengario Carroz (1st time)
1415
Accarto de Mur
1415 -
1418
Berengario Carroz (2nd time)
Aragonese Viceroys of Sardinia
1417 - 1418
Luis de Pontos
1418 -
1420
Juan (Joan) de Corbera
1420 -
1421
Rambaldo Corbera
1421 - 1422
Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec (b.
1380 - d. 1433)
i de Cabrera (1st time)
1422
Luis de Aragall (1st time)(interim)
1422 - 1430
Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec (s.a.)
i de Cabrera (2nd time)
1430
Luis de Aragall (2nd time)(interim)
1430 -
1433
Bernardo de Centelles Riu-sec (s.a.)
i de Cabrera (3rd time)
1433 - 1434
Luis de Aragall (3rd
time)(interim)
1434 - 1437
Juan de Besora (acting)
1437 - 1448
Francisco de Eril
1448 -
1450
Nicolás Antonio de Montes
1450 - 1453
Godofredo de Ortaffa
1453 - 1454
Juan Bertran Carroz
1454 - 1455
Juan de Aragall (interim)
1455 - 1458
Pedro Besalú
1458 -
1460
Juan de Flors
1460 - 1477
Nicolás Carroz de Arborea
(b. 1426 - d.
1479)
1477 - 1479
Pedro Maza de Linaza (interim)
1479 - 1483
Ximén Pérez Escrivá de Romaní
(1st time)
1483 -
1484
Guillermo de Peralta
1484 -
1487
Ximén Pérez Escrivá de Romaní
(2nd time)
1487
Pedro Forteza (interim)
1487 -
1491
Íñigo López Carrillo de Mendoza (d.
1491)
1491
Álvaro Carrillo de
Albornoz
1491 - 1501
Juan Dusay (1st time)
1501 -
1502
Benito Gualbes (interim)
1502 - 1507
Juan Dusay (2nd time)
1507 - 1508
Juan Amat (interim)
1508 - 1514
Fernando Girón de Rebolledo
(d. 1514)
1514 - 1516
Ángel de
Vilanova
Spanish Viceroys of Sardinia
1516 - 1529
Ángel de Vilanova
1529 - 1532
Martín de Cabrera
(d. 1532)
1534 -
1543
Antonio de Cardona (1st time)
1543 -
1545
Pedro de Vaguer, obispo de Alghero
(interim)
1545 -
1547
Antonio de Cardona (2nd time)
1547
Jerónimo de Aragall
(1st time)
(interim)
1547 - 1556
Lorenzo Fernández de
Heredia (d.
1556)
1556
Jerónimo de Aragall
(2nd time)
(interim)
1556 - 1569
Álvaro de Madrigal
(d.
1569)
1570 - 1577
Juan Coloma y Cardona, conde
de (b. 1522 - d. 1586)
Elda
1577 - 1578
Jerónimo de Aragall (3rd time)
(interim)
1578 - 1584
Miguel de Moncada (1st
time) (b. c.1535 -
d. 1612)
1584 - 1586
Gaspar Vicente Novella,
arzobispo (d. 1586)
de Cagliari
1586 - 1590
Miguel de Moncada (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1590 - 1595
Gastón de Moncada, marqués de
(b. 1554 - d. 1626)
Aytona
1595 - 1597
Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde
de (b. 1555? - d.
1619)
Elda (1st time)
1597 - 1599
Alfonso Lasso Sedeño,
arzobispo (d. 1607)
de Cagliari (interim)
1599 - 1601
Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde de
(s.a.)
Elda (2nd time)
1601 - 1602
Juan de Zapata
1602 - 1603
Diego I de Aragall (interim)
1603 -
1604
Antonio Coloma y Saa, conde de
(s.a.)
Elda (3rd time)
1604 - 1610
Pedro Sánchez de Calatayud, conde
(b. 15.. - d. 1625)
del Real
1610 - 1611
Jaime de Aragall (interim)
1611 - 1617
Carlos de Borja, duque de
Gandía (b. 1673 - d. 1632)
1617 - 1623
Alonso de Eril, conde de Eril
(d. 1629)
1623
Luis de Tena, obispo de Tortosa
1623 - 1625
Juan Vives de Canyamás,
barón (b. 15.. - d.
1625)
de Benifayró
1625
Diego
II de Aragall (1st time)
(b. 1603 - d. 1646)
(interim)
1625
Pedro
Ramón Zaforteza, conde de (b.
1570 - d. 1639)
Santa Maria de Formiguera (interim)
1625 - 15 Apr 1631
Jerónimo Pimentel, marqués
de (b. 1590 - d. 1631)
Bayona
1631
Diego II
de Aragall (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(interim)
1631 - 1632
Gaspar Prieto,
arzobispo de (b.
1578 - d. 1637)
Alghero (interim)
1632 - 1637
Antonio Jiménez de Urrea, marqués
(b. 1591 - d. 1654)
de Almonacid
1637 - 1638
Diego II de Aragall (3rd
time) (s.a.)
(interim)
1638 - 1639
Juan
Andrea Doria Landi, príncipe (b. 1607 - d.
1640)
de Melfi
1639 - 1640
Diego II de Aragall (4th time)
(s.a.)
(interim)
1640 - 1643
Fabrizio Doria, duque de
Avellano (b. 1609 - d. 1644)
1644 - 1649
Luis Guillén de Moncada,
duque (b. 1614 - d. 1672)
de Montalto
1649
Bernardino Matías de
Cervelló
(1st time) (interim)
1649 -
1651
Juan Jacobo Teodoro Trivulzio, (b.
1597 - d. 1656)
príncipe de Trivulzio
1651
Duarte Álvarez de
Toledo, conde (b. 1620 - d. 1671)
de Oropesa
1651 - 21 Feb 1652
Beltrán Vélez de Guevara,
marqués (b. 1607 - d. 1652)
de Campo Real
1652 - 1653
Pedro Martínez Rubio,
arzobispo (b. 1614 - d. 1667)
de Palermo (interim)
1653 - 1657
Francisco Fernández de Castro
(b. 1613 - d. 1662)
Andrade, conde de Lemos
1657 - 1662
Francisco de Moura
Corterreal, (b. 1610 - d. 1675)
marqués de Castel Rodrigo
1662
Pedro Vico, arzobispo de Cáller (d.
1676)
(interim)
1662 - 25 Dec 1664
Nicolás Ludovisi, principe de
(b. 1610 - d. 1664)
Piombino
1664 - 1665
Bernardino Matías de Cervelló
(2nd time) (interim)
1665 - 21 Jun 1668
Manuel de los Cobos y
Luna,
(b. c.1606 - d. 1668)
marqués de Camarasa
1668
Bernardino Matías de Cervelló
(3rd time) (interim)
1668 - 1673
Francisco Tuttavilla, duque
de (b. 1604 - d. 1679)
San Germán
1673 - 1675
Fernando Fajardo y
Álvarez de (b. 1635 - d.
1693)
Toledo, marqués de los Vélez
1675
Melchor Sisternes de Oblite y
(b. 1580 - d. 1642)
Centoll
(1st time)(interim)
1675 - 1678
Francisco de
Benavides, marqués (b. 1640 - d.
1716)
de las Navas
1678 - 1680
Melchor Sisternes de Oblite y
(s.a.)
Centoll (2nd time)(interim)
1680
José Antonio de
Funes de Villalpando(b. 1623 - d. 1685)
y
Climent, marqués de Ossera
1680 - 1682
Felipe de Egmont, conde de Egmont
(b.
1623 - d. 1682)
1682
Diego Ventura
Fernández de Angulo, (b. 1632 - d. 1700)
arzobispo de Cáller (interim)
1682 - 1686
Antonio López de Ayala y
Velasco, (b. 16.. - d. 1709)
conde de Fuensalida
1686 -
1687
José Delitala y Castelvì (interim) (b. 1627 - d.
1703)
1687 -
1690
Nicolás Pignatelli, duca
di (b.
1648 - d. 1730)
Monteleone
1690
Carlos Homo Dei Moura y Pacheco, (b. 1654 -
d. 1725)
marqués de Castel Rodrigo
1690 - 1696
Luis Moscoso Osorio, conde de
(b. 1657 - d. 1705)
Altamira
1696 - 1699
José de Solís y Valderrábano
(b. 1643 - d. 1713)
Dávila,
conde de Montellano
1699 - 1703
Fernando de Moncada y Aragón,
(b. 1646 - d. 1712)
duque de San Juan
1703 -
1704
Francisco Ginés Ruiz de Castro, (b.
1666 - d. 1741)
conde de Lemos
1704 - 1706
Baltasar de Zúñiga y Guzmán,
(b. 1658 - d. 1727)
marqués de Valero
1706 -
1708
Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal y (b.
1651 - d. 1710)
de la Cueva, duque de Veragua
13 Aug 1708 -
1710
Fernando de Meneses Silva,
(b. 1663 - d. 1749)
conde de Cifuentes
1710 -
1711
Juan Jorge Fernández de Heredia y (b. 1655 -
d. 1728)
Fernández de Híjar, conde de
Fuentes
1711 -
1713
Andrés Roger de Eril, conde de Eril (b. 1644 -
d. 1715)
Austrian Viceroys of
Sardinia
Dec 1713 -
1715
Pedro Manuel, conde de Ayala
(b. 1676 - d. 1736)
1715 - 18 Jun
1717
Francesco d'Eril, conte d'Eril
18 Jun 1717 - 30 Sep 1717 José
Antonio de Rubí y Boxadors, (b. 1672 - d.
1745)
marqués de Rubí
Spanish Viceroy of
Sardinia
30 Sep 1717 - 1718
Juan
Francisco de Bette, marqués (b. 1672 -
d. 1725)
de Bette
Piedmont-Savoy
Viceroys of Sardinia
1718 -
1720
Gonzalo Chacón de Orellana y
(b. c.1651 - d.
1722)
Mendoza
May 1720 - 1723
Filippo Pallavicini,
barone di (b.
1662 - d. 1732)
St. Rémy (1st time)
Sep 1723 -
1726
Carlo Alessandro Doria di Cirié e
(b. 1678 - d. 1726)
del Maro, abate San Maria di
Vezzolano
Apr 1726 - 1727
Filippo Pallavicini, barone di
(s.a.)
St. Rémy (2nd time)
Sep 1727
- 1731
Ercole Tomaso Roèro, marchese di
(b. 1661 - d. 1747)
Cortanze
Sep 1731 -
1735
Girolamo Falletti, marchese
(b. 1669 - d. 1735)
di Castagnole e di Barolo
Aug 1735 - 1738
Carlo Amedeo di San Martino
(b. 1673? - d. 1749)
d'Agliè, marchese di Rivarolo
Aug 1738 -
1741
Louis François d'Aligne,
comte (b. 1717 - d. 1776)
d'Apremont
Sep 1741 -
1745
Louis, baron de Blonay
(b. 1675 - d. 1755)
Apr 1745 -
1748
Giuseppe Maria Maurizio
del (d.
1759)
Carretto,
marchese di Santa Giulia
Aug 1748 -
1751
Emanuele, principe di Valguarnera (b.
1691 - d. 1770)
Sep 1751 -
1755
Giambattista Cacherano,
conte (b. 1706 - d.
1782)
di
Brischerasio
Apr 1755 - 1758
Vittorio Amedeo Costa, conte della (b.
1698 - d. 1777)
Trinitá
May 1758 -
1762
Francesco Tana, conte di Santena
(b. 1698 - d. 1781)
May 1762 - Apr
1763 Giovanni
Battista Pellegrino
(b. 1697 - d. 1763)
Alfieri di Cortemilia
Apr 1763 -
1763
Carlo Giuseppe Solaro di Govone
(d. 1771)
(interim)
Sep 1763 -
1767
Ludovico Costa, conte della Trinitá
(b. 1699 - d. 1772)
May 1767 -
1771
Vittorio Lodovico d'Hallot,
(b. 1707 - d. 1790)
conte des Hayes e di Dorzano
Jul 1771 -
1773
Antonio Francesco Gaetano Galean
dei
Caissotti, conti di Robbione
Nov 1773 -
1777
Filippo Francesco Ferrero, marchese (b. 1719 - d. 1789)
della Marmora
Sep 1777 - 1780
Giuseppe Lascaris di Ventimiglia, (b.
1729 - d. 1793)
conte di Castellar
Dec 1780 -
1783
Carlo Francesco Valperga, marchese, (b. 1727 - d. 1811)
di Caluso e conte di Masino
Jul 1783 -
1787
Angelo Maria Solaro, dei Conti
(b. 17.. - d. 1800)
di Moretta
May 1787 -
1790
Carlo Thaon di Revel e Sant'Andrea, (b. 1725 - d. 1807)
conti Thaon di Sant 'Andrea
Aug 1790 - 28 Apr
1794 Vincenzo Balbiano
(b. 1729 - d. 1799)
May 1794 -
1799
Filippo Vivalda, marchese di
(b. 1732 - d. 1808)
Castillino e di Pogliano
Mar 1799 - 1816
Carlo Felice di
Savoia, duca (s.a.)
di Genevois
(s.a.)
1816 - 1818
Giacomo Pes di Villamarina (interim)(b. 1750 - d. 1820)
Sep 1818 -
1820
Ignazio Thaon di Revel,
(b. 1760 -
d. 1835)
conte di Pratolungo (interim)
Sep 1820 -
1822
Ettore Veuillet,
marchese
(b. 1758 - d. 1830)
d'Yenne (interim)
May 1822 -
1823
Giuseppe Maria Galleani, conte (b.
1762 - d. 1838)
d'Agliano
Apr 1823 - 1825
Francesco Gennaro Roero, conte di (b. 1758 - d.
1842)
Monticelli (interim)
Jul 1825 -
1829
Giuseppe Tornielli, conte di Vergano(b. 1836 - d. 1908)
Jul 1829 - 1831
Giuseppe Maria Roberti, conte di
(b. 1775 - d. 1844)
Castelvero
Jul 1831 - 25 Mar 1840 Giuseppe
Maria Montiglio d'Ottiglio (b. 1768 - d. 1840)
e Villanova
Jul 1840 -
1843
Giacomo, conte d'Asarta (interim) (b. 1780 - d.
1857)
May 1843 -
1848
Claudio Gabriele de
Launay
(s.a.)
¹full style of rulers 1815 -
1860: Per la grazia di Dio Re di Sardegna,
di Cipro e di Gerusalemme, Duca di Savoia, di Genova,
di Monferrato, d'Aosta, del Chiablese, del Genevese e
di Piacenza; Principe di Piemonte e d'Oneglia;
Marchese d'Italia, di Saluzzo, d'Ivrea, di Susa, di
Ceva, del Maro, d'Oristano et di Sezana; Conte di
Moriena, di Ginevra, di Nizza, di Tenda, di Romonte,
d'Asti, d'Alessandria, di Goceano, di Novara, di
Tortona, di Vigevano e di Bobbio; Barone di Vaud e di
Faussigny; Signore di Vercelli, di Pinerolo, di
Tarantasia, della Lomellina e della Valle di Sesia,
ec. ("By the grace of God, King of
Sardinia, of Cyprus, and of Jerusalem, Duke of Savoy, of
Genoa, of Montferrat, of Aoste, Chablais, Genevois, and
of Piacenza; Prince of Piedmont and Oneglia; Margrave in
Italy, of Saluzzo, Ivrea, of Susa, of Ceva, of the Maro,
of Oristano, of Cesana, and of Savona; Count of
Maurienne, of Genève, of Nice, of Tenda, of Romonte, of
Asti, of Alessandria, of Goceano, of Novara, of Tortona,
of Vigevano and of Bobbio; Baron of Vaud and of
Faucigny; Lord of Vercelli, of Pinerolo, of Tarentaise,
of the Lomellina, and of the Valley of Sesia, etc.").
²the kings were chief executives
and presidents of the Council of Conference (Consiglio
di Conferenza), established in 1817. Ministers of
foreign affairs were the most prominent members of the
Council with a combined title of Minister and First
Secretary of State. From Sep 1822, they acted as
presidents of the Council in the absence of the king. In
late 1847 the title and acting presidency was assigned
to the minister of interior.
Party abbreviations: Des = Destra (Right, later referred to as Destra Storica [Historic Right], Italian nationalist, classical liberal, conservative, monarchist, 1849-1921); Lib = Liberale (Liberal, predecessor of Des, 1848-1849); Sin = Sinistra (Left, later referred to as Sinistra Storica [Historic Left], center-left, liberal, progressive, monarchist, 1849-1921); Mil = Military
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![[Piedomont-Savoy
flag from 1418 (Italy)]](it_pie2.gif "[Piedomont-Savoy flag from 1418
(Italy)]")
![[Republic of
Alba 1796, Piedmontese Republic 1798-99 and
1800-1802 (Italy)]](it_alba1.gif "[Republic of Alba
1796, Piedmontese Republic 1798-99 and
1800-1802 (Italy)]")
942
Marca Arduinica
(retrospectively called the March of Susa or
March of Turin [Marcha di Torino])
founded.
1045
Othon (Oddone) of Savoy marries Adelaide
of Turin, daughter of
Margrave Ulric
Manfred II of Turin, and thereby acquires the
adjacent Piedmontese
lands of the Turin March (ratified 1046,
union fully effected upon the
death of Adelaide on 19 Dec 1091).
1092 -
1130
Bishop of Turin holds title of count of Turin.
1136 -
1191
Bishop of Turin holds title of count
of Turin.
18 Feb 1245 - 21 Jun 1280 Piedmont
granted to a junior branch of the Savoy dynasty
(remaining
under
the suzerainty of Savoy)(Contea
di Piemonte).
1252
City of Turin
definitely incorporated into the Savoyan domains
(occupied by Montferrat 1266-1270, 1271-1280 and Naples
1270-
1271).
1 Feb 1295
Piedmont restored to
the junior branch of the Savoy dynasty
(remaining under the suzerainty of
Savoy).
12 Feb
1301
Ruler adopts the style of princeps Achaye
("prince of Achaea")
upon marriage (effected by
charter 23 Feb 1301).
27 Jan 1360 - 2 Jul 1363 Confiscated
by Savoy.
11 Dec 1418
Extinction of the the junior
ruling line, Piedmont reverts to
the main line of the House of Savoy.
15 Aug
1424
Principality of Piedmont (Principato de
Piemonte); although
this may originally have been intended as a territorial
designation, it was generally regarded as a nominal
component
of the polity of the house of Savoy (usually called
Duchy of
Savoy [Ducato di Savoia]; from
1720 Kingdom of Sardinia, or,
even in official use, Stati Sabaudi);
the territory of Piedmont
was, with its capital Turin, however, the core of this
monarchy;
this arrangement is interrupted from 1536 to 1563 and
1798 to
1814, as indicated below.
1 Apr 1536 - 7 Feb
1563 Piedmont occupied by France (largely annexed
to France Jun 1538).
7 Feb 1563
Piedmont is restored
to the Duke of Savoy, with Torino (Turin)
becoming the seat of government.
28 May 1576 - 27 Mar 1801 Port enclave of
Oneglia purchased from Genoa (occupied 1614-1649,
1744-45 by Spain; 1649-1672 by Genoa; from 4 Apr 1796 by
France).
8 Aug
1720
The House of Savoy acquires the island of Sardinia with
the
(hitherto
nominal) style of Kingdom of Sardinia (although
the
the
core of the possessions of the House is Piedmont,
the
the royal style of Sardinia leads to the entire
monarchy being
styled
Kingdom of Sardinia, it includes the
island, the
Principality of Piedmont and the Counties of
Savoy and Nice).
4 Feb
1793
French département
Alpes-Maritimes formed from the Sardinian
county of Nice and the county of Tende (Tenda).
12 Apr 1796 - 28 Apr 1796 Piedmont
occupied by France.
26 Apr 1796 - 28 Apr 1796 Piedmontese
revolutionaries in the municipality of Alba attempt to
seize power and proclaim the Republic of Alba (Repubblica
di
Alba/République d'Alba).
28 Jul 1797 - 30 Jul 1797 Revolutionaries
in the municipality of Asti declare a republic.
12 Dec
1798
Piedmontese Republic (Repubblica
Piemontese/République Piémontaise).
28 May 1799 - 23 Jun 1800 Re-incorporated
into Savoy monarchy (Kingdom of Sardinia, etc.).
27 Jun
1800
Piedmontese Republic re-proclaimed.
1800
Renamed Subalpine Republic (Repubblica
Subalpina/République
Subalpine).
19 Apr
1801
Occupied by France.
11 Sep
1802
Incorporated into France;
as gouvernement général des départements
au-delà-des Alpes and which is divided intot he
French départements
of Alpes-Maritimes, Doire, Marengo, Éridan (from 1802
Pô),
Sésia, Stura, and (to 1805) Tanaro (see below).
25 Apr
1814
Re-incorporated into Savoy monarchy (Kingdom of Sardinia, etc.)
16 Sep 1947
Tenda (Tende) and Briga
Marittima (La Brigue) ceded to France by
the Treaty of Paris (retrospectively endorsed by a
local
plebiscite of 12 Oct 1947).
Lords of Piedmont (title Dominus
Pedemontium)
(French names with Italian in parenthesis)
1189 – 1 Mar
1233
Thomas I (= Tommaso I)
(b. 1178 - d. 1233)
1 Mar 1233 – 18 Feb 1245
Thomas II (= Tommaso II)
(b. c.1199 - d. 1259)
Counts of Piedmont (title Comes
Pedemontium)
18 Feb 1245 - 7 Feb 1259 Thomas II
(= Tommaso II)
(s.a.)
7 Feb 1259 – 16 May 1282
Thomas III (= Tommaso III)
(b. c.1246 - d. 1282)
16 May 1282 – 25 Sep 1334 Philippe I (=
Filippo I) (b.
1278 - d. 1334)
16 May 1282 - 1285
Guyonne de Bourgogne (f) -Regent
(b. c.1260 - d. 1316)
(= Guya di Borgogna)
1285 - 1295
Amédée V, comte de
Savoie -Regent (b. 1249 - d. 1323)
(= Amedeo V, conte di Savoia)
25 Sep 1334 – 17 May 1367 Jacques (=
Giacomo)
(b. 1315 - d. 1367)
17 May 1367 – 20 Jan 1368 Philippe II (=
Filippo II) (b. 1340 -
d. 1368)
20 Jan 1368 – 7 May 1402 Amédée (=
Amedeo)
(b. 1363 -
d. 1402)
20 Jul 1368 - 1377
Amédée VI comte de Savoie -Regent (b. 1334
- d. 1383)
(= Amedeo VI, conte di
Savoia)
7 May 1402 – 11 Dec 1418 Louis (= Lodovico)
(b. 1364 - d. 1418)
11 Dec 1418 - 15 Aug 1424 the
duke of Savoy
Princes of Piedmont
15 Aug 1424 - 1 Apr 1536
the dukes of Savoy
1 Apr 1536 - 7 Feb 1563
the kings of France
French governors in Piedmont
18 Feb 1537 - Nov 1537
Jean d'Humières (also in Saluzzo) (b. 1496 - d.
1550)
29 Nov 1537 -
1539
René, baron de Montjean
(b. c.1495 - d. 1539)
Apr 1539 -
1539
Guillaume Du Bellay,
seigneur (b. 1491 - d.
1543)
de Langey
(possibly acting for de Montjean)
28 Sep 1539 -
1543
Claude
d'Annebault
(b. 1495 - d. 1552)
6 Dec 1543 -
1545
François de Bourbon,
comte
(b. 1519 - d. 1546)
d'Enghien
4 Oct 1545 -
1550
Giovanni Caràcciolo, principe di (b. 1487 -
d. 1550)
Melfi
10 Jul 1550 -
1559
Charles de Cossé, comte de Brissac (b. 1506 - d. 1563)
Princes of Piedmont
7 Feb 1563 - 12
Dec 1798 the dukes
of Savoy; from
8 Aug 1720,
also
the kings of Sardinia-Piedmont
26 Apr 1796 - 28 Apr 1796 Giovanni
Antonio
Ranza
(b. 1741 - d. 1801)
+ Ignazio Bonafous
(b. 1758 - d. 1836)
(delegate commissioners of Executive
Power of 'Republic of Alba'; in
dissidence)
12 Dec 1798 - 2 Apr 1799 Provisional
Government
(chair rotates for 10-day terms)
- Innocenzo Maurizio Baudisson
(b. 1737 - d. 1805)
- Giovanni Battista Bertolotti (b.
1745 - d. 1814)
- Giovanni Battista Agostino Bono (b. 1731/38 - d.
1799)
(to 14 Mar 1799)
- Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio di
Sant'Angelo
- Ugo Bottone, conte di
(b. 1753 - d.
1828)
Castellamonte
- Francesco Brayda
(b. 1756 - d. 1839)
- Giuseppe Cavalli, conte di (b.
1761 - d. 1828)
Olivola
- Luigi Colla
(b. 1766 - d. 1848)
- Felice Clemente Fasella
(b. 1751 - d. 1837)
- Giuseppe Fava
- Francesco Favrat, barone di (b.
1738 - d. 1817)
Bellevaux
- Pietro Gaetano Galli, conte (b.
1732 - d. 1813)
della Loggia
- Stefano Giovanni
Rocci
(b. 1770 - d. 1847)
- Felice Giovanni San Martino, (b.
1762 - d. 1818)
conte della Motta
- Giuseppe Felice Sartoris
(b. 17.. - d. 1799)
Members added 19 Dec 1798:
- Pietro Avogadro, conte di
(b. 1760 - d. 1800)
Valdengo e Formigliana
- Giovanni Battista Balbis
(b. 1765 - d. 1831)
- Antonio Bellini
- Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta (b. 1766 -
d. 1837)
- Filippo Benedetto Bunico
- Domenico Capriata di Sardigliano (b. 17.. - d. 1821)
- Guglielmo Michele Cerise
(b. 1769 - d. 1820)
- Secondo Enrico Chiabrera
(b. 1765 - d. 1801)
- Pietro Geymet
(b. 1753 -
d. 1822)
- Alessio Antonio Simian
(b. 1762 - d. 1802)
Plenipotentiary Civil Commissioners
Dec 1798 - 2 Apr 1799
Ange-Marie d'Eymar
(b. 1747 - d. 1803)
2 Apr 1799 - 3 May 1799
Joseph-Mathurin
Musset
(b. 1749 - d. 1831)
President of the General Administration
3 May 1799 - 28 May
1799 Pietro Geymet
(s.a.)
President of the Supreme Interim Council
10 Jun 1799 - 27 Jun 1800 Carlo Francesco
Marchese Thaon di (b. 1725 - d. 1807)
Revel, Conte di Sant'Andrea
President of the General Administration
27 Jun 1800 - 24 Dec 1800 Commission
of Government
- Filippo Avogardo, conte di (b.
1734 - d. 1812)
Quarenga e Cerreto
(to 4 Oct 1800)
- Innocenzo Maurizio Baudisson (s.a.)
(to 4 Oct 1800)
- Ugo Bottone, conte di
Castellamonte
(s.a.)
(to 4 Oct 1800)
- Francesco Brayda
(s.a.)
- Giuseppe Cavalli, conte di (s.a.)
Olivola (to 4 Oct 1800)
- Pietro Gaetano Galli, conte (s.a.)
della Loggia
- Stefano Giovanni
Rocci
(s.a.)
(to 4 Oct 1800)
24 Dec 1800 - 19 Apr 1801 Executive
Commission
- Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio di
Sant'Angelo
- Carlo Stefano
Giulio
(b. 1757 - d. 1815)
- Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta (s.a.)
Provisional Executive
20 Apr 1801 - 11 Sep 1802 Jean-Baptiste
Jourdan
(b. 1762 - d. 1833)
(Plenipotentiary minister since 13
Aug 1800)
Administrators-general of Piedmont
(title Administrateur général du Piémont)
9 Dec 1802 - Mar 1803
Louis Charbonnier (interim)
(b. 1754 - d. 1833)
Mar 1803 - 14 May 1805
Jacques-François de Menou
(b. 1750 - d.
1810)
Governors-general of the Departments beyond
the Alps
(title Gouverneur général des départements
au- delà -des Alpes)
14 May 1805 - May 1806 Louis Napoléon
Bonaparte (b. 1778 -
d. 1846)
14 May 1805 - 24 Feb 1808 Jacques-François de
Menou
(s.a.)
(commandant general)
24 Feb 1808 - 27 Apr 1814 Prince Camille Borghèse,
duc de (b. 1775 - d. 1832)
Guastalla
27 Apr 1814 -
1814
François Marie Clément de
La (b. 1773 - d.
1854)
Roncière
![[Republic of Asti
flag 1797 (Piedmont, Italy)]](it-Asti97.png "[Republic of Asti
flag 1797 (Piedmont, Italy)]")
28 Mar 1095 The bishop Oddone, who at the death of Countess Adelaide had been
named Count of Asti (Comes Astensi) by Emperor Henry IV, ceded
the castle of Annone to the consuls of the city (Republic of Asti).
26 Sep 1339 Occupied by Monferrato.
14 Aug 1342 Part of the Duchy of Milan.
24 Jul 1797 Revolutionaries take control of municipal government of Asti.
28 Jul 1797 Revolutionaries proclaim independence of the "Republic of Asti"
(Repubblica Astese/République Astaise or Repubblica di Asti/
République d'Asti).
30 Jul 1797 Forcefully dissolved by Piedmont-Sardinia.
Municipal government
24 Jul 1797 - 30 Jul 1797 Provisional government
- Conte Gabuti di Bestagno
(chairman)
- Secondo Arò (b. 1769 - d. 1797)
- Gioachino Testa (b. 1771 - d. 1797)
- Michele Peracchio (b. 1768 - d. ....)
- Felice Berruti (b. 1771 - d. 1797)
- Giacinto Paglieri
- Giovan Battista Testa (d. 1797)
- Giovanni Secondo Berruti (b. 1767 - d. 1797)
- Vincenzo Aimassi
- Giuseppe Maria Poncini
- Giacomo Gardini
- Francesco Morando
- Filippo Massa
- Ludovico Riccardi
26 Aug
1802
French département
Doire (Forêts la Doire).
1814
End of French rule.
Prefects
26 Aug 1802 -
1805
Ange
Gandolfo
(b. 1755 - d. 18..)
4 May 1805 -
1808
Adrien Godard d'Aucour de Plancy (b.
1778 - d. 1855)
30 May 1808 - 12 Mar 1813
Augustin Jubé de La
Perelle
(b. 1765 - d. 1824)
(from 14 Apr 1810, Augustin Jubé,
baron de La Perelle)
12 Mar 1813 -
1814
Scipion Cyprien Jules Louis Martin (b. 1780 - d.
1843)
Marie Elisabeth, marquis de Nicolaï
Marengo
26 Aug 1802
French département
Marengo.
6 Jun
1805
Bobbio, Tortona and Voghera annexed by the new
département Gênes (see Genoa);
Asti attached to Marengo.
1814
End of French rule.
Prefects
3 Jun 1801 - 1801
Franceso
Braida
(b. 1756 -
d. 1839)
7 Aug 1801 -
1805
François Frédéric Campana
(b. 1771 - d. 1807)
4 May 1805 - 8 Feb
1806 Luc Jacques Édouard
Dauchy
(b. 1757 - d. 1812)
7 Mar 1806 -
1809
Jacques Robert
(b. 17.. - d. 1809)
13 Apr 1809 - 1 May 1812
Augustin Marie Timoléon de Cossé- (b. 1775 -
d. 1848)
Brissac (from 9 Sep 1810, Augustin
Marie Timoléon, baron de Cossé-
Brissac [from 20 Feb 1812,
Augustin Marie Timoléon,
comte de Cossé-Brissac])
1 May 1812 -
1814
Jean-Pierre Grégoire du Colombier, (b.
1769 -d. 1819)
baron du Colombier
Pô
26 Aug
1802
French département
Éridan.
20 Sep
1802
Renamed département Pô.
1813
End of French rule.
Prefects
26 Aug 1802 -
1805 Victor
Hercule Joseph Ferdinand (b. 1753 - d.
1826)
de Laville de Villa-Stellone
4 May 1805 -
1808
Pierre Loysel
(b.
1751 - d. 1813)
15 Jan 1808 -
1809
Étienne Aimé Vincent de Margnolas
(b. 1781 - d. 1809)
(Marniola)
19 Feb 1809 -
1813
Alexandre Théodore Victor, comte (b.
1760 - d. 1829)
de Lameth (from 14 Feb 1810,
Alexandre Théodore Victor,
baron de Lameth)
Sésia
26 Aug
1802
French département
Sésia.
1814
End of French rule.
Prefects
26 Aug 1802 - 21 Apr 1804
Jean-François Félix Saint-Martin (b. 1762 -
d. 1818)
La Motte
14 May 1804 -
1814
Carlo Stefano
Giulio
(b. 1757 - d. 1815)
(from 15 Aug 1809, Carlo Stefano, baron Giulio)
Stura
26 Aug
1802
French département
Stura.
6 Jun
1805
Annexation of Alba from Tanaro.
1814
End of French rule.
Prefects
26 Aug 1802 - 1803
Jean Laurent
de Grégory
(b. 1746 - d. 1817)
24 Sep 1803 -
1810 Pierre
Amédée Vincent Joseph Marie (b. 1767 - d. 1811)
Arborio-Biamino
30 Nov 1811 - 12 Mar 1813
Auguste Joseph Baude de
la (b.
1768 - d. 1835)
Vieuville (from 12 Feb 1812,
Auguste Joseph Baude, comte
de la Vieuville)
12 Mar 1813 - Mar 1813
Antoine Louis Campan
(b. 1784 - d. 1821)
25 Mar 1813 -
1813
Louis Honoré Félix,
baron
(b. 1782 - d. 1855)
Le Peletier d'Aunay
Tanaro
24 Apr 1801
Tanaro département
established.
26 Aug 1802
Annexed to France.
6 Jun
1805
Abolished and divided between départements
of Marengo, Stura and Montenotte (see
Genoa).
Prefects
28 Jun 1801 - Oct 1801
Francesco
Braida
(b. 1756 - d. 1839)
26 Aug 1802 -
1803
Jules Robert
26 Feb 1803 -
1805
Jean André Louis Rolland de
(b. 1764 - d. 1849)
Villarceaux
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1003
County of Aosta (Comitatus
Augustensis/Contea
d'Aosta) is given to
Umberto
"Biancamano" by Heinrich II King of Germany.
1032
County of Maurienne in
Burgundy is given to Umberto "Biancamano",
as a reward for helping Holy Roman Emperor Konrad II to
make good
his claims on the Kingdom of Burgundy.
He later acquires Savoy,
Chablais, Piedmont and other
possessions in northern Italy.
1045
Othon (Oddone) of Savoy marries Adelaide of Turin,
daughter of
Margrave Ulric Manfred II of
Turin, and thereby acquires the
adjacent Piedmontese
lands of the Turin March (Marca di Torino)
ratified 1046).
24 Nov 1310
Counts of Savoy
are made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
(confirmed by diploma 11 Jun 1313).
1311
Aosta and Chablais elevated to duchies by Emperor
Heinrich VII.
17 May 1361
Territory is formally
separated from the Burgundian Kingdom (Arelat)
and is made immediate within the Holy Roman
Empire.
1387
Marquisate of Clavesana part of domains of the Count of
Savoy.
28 Sep 1388 - 29 Sep 1792 Nizza
(Nice) area, at first called "New Lands of
Provence" and from
1526, the County of Nice (Comitatus
Nicaeni/Contea di Nizza),
incorporated into Savoy (for Nice
see under France
provinces).
1401
After the male line of Counts of Genevois
had died out, Count
Amadeus VIII purchased all rights to Genevois from their
heirs and
from the Bishopric of Geneva, the
sale is contested by the heirs
until 1424. Genevois was
promoted to a duchy in 1564 and joined
to the
House of Savoy, although at times it was
granted to cadet
branches
until 1659.
19 Feb 1416
Savoy is elevated to a Duchy by Holy
Roman Emperor Sigismund
(Ducatus Sabaudiae/Ducato di Savoia).
11 Dec 1418
Duke Amadeo
VIII of Savoy succeeds Louis, the last male of
the Piedmont branch of the
House of Savoy, in Piedmont which is
raised to a principality on 15 Aug 1424.
3 Apr 1531 - 1536
County of
Asti (Contea di Asti) and
Marquisate of Ceva (Marchesato
di Ceva) are added to the possessions of
the Duke of Savoy.
27 Mar 1536 - 3 Jul 1559
Savoy occupied by France (largely annexed to France Jun 1538 as
part of Dauphiné), returned by the Treaty of
Cateau-Cambrésis.
25 Sep 1575
Asti and Ceva are re-incorporated into domains of Savoy
(Asti is occupied by Spain
1637-1643 and France 1703-1707).
20 Jan 1579
County of
Tenda (Contea di Tende) incorporated into domains
of Savoy
(by
agreement of 16 Nov 1575).
28 Sep
1588
Marquisate of Saluzzo (Marchesato di Saluzzo) is
annexed by Savoy
(by
treaty on 17 Jan 1601).
Aug 1600 - Aug 1601 Savoy
occupied by France.
May 1630 - Apr 1631 Savoy
occupied by France.
6 Apr
1631
One-third of the Duchy of Montferrat (Ducato del
Monferrato) is
assigned
to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Cherasco.
23 Dec
1632
The ruler assumes the nominal styles Re di Cipro e
(from 1713)
di Gerusalemme ("King of Cyprus, and [from 1713]
of Jerusalem").
8 Apr
1676
County of Desana (Contea di Desana) incorporated
into domains of the
House of Savoy.
Jun 1690 - Sep 1696
Savoy occupied by
France (under the intendant of Dauphiné).
5 Jul 1708
The remainder of Montferrat
and Alessandria pass to Savoy.
15 Sep 1703 - 5 Jun
1713 Savoy occupied by France (under the intendant
of Dauphiné).
21 Dec 1713
Vittorio Amedeo II, Duke of Savoy,
becomes king of Sicily
by the
Peace of Utrecht, polity is the known as
the Kingdom of Sicily,
as agreed by treaty on 13 Aug 1713.
8 Aug
1720
The House of Savoy acquires the island of Sardinia with
the (hitherto nominal) style of Kingdom of Sardinia
(although the core of the possessions of the House is
Piedmont,
the
royal style of Sardinia leads to the entire monarchy
being styled Kingdom of Sardinia, it includes the
island,
the
Principality of Piedmont and the Counties of
Savoy and Nice).
Dec 1742 - 11 Feb 1749
Franco-Spanish occupation.
20 Mar
1767
Principality of Masserano and Marquisate of Crevacuore
added to
the
possessions of the House of Savoy.
21 Sep 1792
Savoy occupied by France.
27 Nov 1792
Savoy annexed by France.
20 Oct 1793
Savoy incorporated
into France as the département
of Mont-Blanc.
Apr 1814 - Sep 1814
Savoy occupied
by Austria under Ferdinand Graf von Bubna und Littitz
(b. 1768 - d. 1815).
30 May
1814
Eastern Savoy is restored to the Savoy monarchy (Kingdom
of
Sardinia, etc.). The part retroceded to the King of
Sardinia takes
the name
of "Duchy of Savoy" (and includes four of the former
provinces - Chablais, Faucigny, Maurienne, Tarentaise,
and parts
of three former provinces - Carouge, Genevois and Savoie
Propre).
7 Jul 1815 - Sep
1815 Savoy re-occupied by
Austria under Graf von Bubna
(s.a.).
20 Nov
1815
Western Savoy, including Chambéry and Annecy, restored
to Sardinia.
30 Nov
1847
Duchy of Savoy is fully incorporated into Kingdom of
Sardinia.
2 Aug
1860
County of Savoy ceded to France by Sardinia-Piedmont.
(French names with Italian in parenthesis)
1003 - 19 Jul 1047 Humbert I "aux blanches-mains" (b. 970/75 - d. 1047)
(= Umberto I "Biancamano")
19 Jul 1047 - 1051 Amédée I "le Queue" (b. 1016 - d. 1051)
(= Amedeo I "la Coda")
1051 - 1 Mar 1060 Othon (= Oddone) (b. 1023 - d. 1060)
1 Mar 1060 - 9 Jul 1078 Pierre I (= Pietro I) (b. 1048 - d. 1078)
9 Jul 1078 - 26 Jan 1080 Amédée II (= Amedeo II) (b. 1046 - d. 1080)
26 Jan 1080 - 19 Oct 1103 Humbert II "le Renforcé" (b. 1065 - d. 1103)
(= Umberto II "il Rinforzato")
26 Jan 1080 - 19 Dec 1091 Adélaïde, marquise de Turin-Regent (b. c.1016 - d. 1091)
(= Adaleida [Adelaide], marchesa di Torino)
19 Oct 1103 - 30 Aug 1148 Amédée III (= Amedeo III) (b. 1087 - d. 1148)
30 Aug 1148 - 4 Mar 1189 Humbert III "le Saint" (b. 1136 - d. 1189)
(= Umberto III "il Beato")
30 Aug 1148 - 1150 Amédée, évêque de Lausanne -Regent (b. 1110 - d. 1159)
(= Amedeo, vescovo di Losanna)
4 Mar 1189 - 1 Mar 1233 Thomas I "l'Ami des communes" (b. 1177 - d. 1233)
(= Tommaso I "l'Amico dei Comuni")
1 Mar 1233 - 13 Jul 1253 Amédée IV (= Amedeo IV) (b. 1197 - d. 1253)
13 Jul 1253 - 7 Jun 1263 Boniface "le Roland" (b. 1244 - d. 1263)
(= Bonifacio "l'Orlando")
13 Jul 1253 - 7 Feb 1259 Thomas II, comte de Savoie -Regent (b. 1199 - d. 1259)
(= Tommaso II, conte di Savoia)
7 Jun 1263 - 16 May 1268 Pierre II "Petit Charlemagne" (b. 1203 - d. 1268)
(= Pietro II "il Piccolo Carlomagno")
16 May 1268 - 15 Aug 1285 Philippe I (= Filippo I) (b. 1207 - d. 1285)
15 Aug 1285 - 16 Oct 1323 Amédée V "le Grand" (b. 1249 - d. 1323)
(= Amedeo V "il Grande")
16 Oct 1323 - 4 Nov 1329 Édouard "le Libéral" (b. 1284 - d. 1329)
(= Edoardo "il Liberale")
4 Nov 1329 - 22 Jun 1343 Aymon "le Pacifique" (b. 1291 - d. 1343)
(= Aimone "il Pacifico")
22 Jun 1343 - 1 Mar 1383 Amédée VI "le Comte vert" (b. 1334 - d. 1383)
(= Amedeo VI "il Conte Verde")
22 Jun 1343 - 3 Jan 1348 Louis de Savoie, baron de Vaud (b. c.1290 - d. 1350)
(= Luigi di Savoia, barone di Vaud)
22 Jun 1343 - 3 Jan 1348 Amadeus, comte du Genevois -Regent (b. c.1311 - d. 1367)
(= Amedeo, conte di Ginebra)
3 Jan 1366 - Nov? 1367 Bonne de Bourbon (f) -Regent (b. c.1341 - d. 1402)
(= Bona di Borbone) (1st time)
(acting for absent Amadeus VI)
1 Mar 1383 - 1 Nov 1391 Amédée VII "le Comte rouge" (b. 1360 - d. 1391)
(= Amedeo VII "il Conte Rosso")
1 Nov 1391 - 19 Feb 1416 Amédée VIII "le Pacifique" (b. 1383 - d. 1451)
(= Amedeo VIII "il Pacifico")
1 Nov 1391 - 3 Sep 1397 Bonne de Bourbon (f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Dukes of Savoy³
(French names with Italian in parenthesis)
19 Feb 1416 - 6 Jan 1451 Amédée VIII "le Pacifique" (s.a.)
16 Oct 1434 - 6 Jan 1440 Louis (= Lodovico) -Regent (b. 1402 - d. 1465)
(locumtenens generalis)
6 Jan 1451 - 29 Jan 1465 Louis (= Lodovico) (s.a.)
29 Jan 1465 - 30 Mar 1472 Amédée IX "le Bienheureux" (b. 1435 - d. 1472)
(= Amedeo IX "il Beato")
5 Sep 1471 - 30 Mar 1472 Yolande de France (f) -Regent (b. 1434 - d. 1478)
(= Jolanda di Francia)(1st time)
30 Mar 1472 - 22 Sep 1482 Philibert I "le Chasseur" (b. 1465 - d. 1482)
(= Filiberto I "il Cacciatore")
30 Mar 1472 - 29 Aug 1478 Yolande de France (f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
22 Sep 1482 - 13 Mar 1490 Charles I "le Guerrier" (b. 1468 - d. 1490)
(= Carlo I "il Guerriero")
13 Mar 1490 - 16 Apr 1496 Charles II (= Carlo II) (b. 1488 - d. 1496)
13 Mar 1490 - 16 Apr 1496 Blanche de Montferrat (f) -Regent (b. 1472 - d. 1519)
(= Bianca dei Paleologi di Monferrato)
16 Apr 1496 - 7 Nov 1497 Philippe II "sans Terre" (b. 1443 - d. 1497)
(= Filippo II "Senza Terra")
7 Nov 1497 - 10 Sep 1504 Philibert II "le Beau" (b. 1480 - d. 1504)
(= Filiberto II "il Bello")
10 Sep 1504 - 27 Mar 1536 Charles IIII (b. 1486 - d. 1553)
(= Carlo III "il Buono")
(continues in dissidence to 17 Aug 1553)
27 Mar 1536 - 3 Jul 1559 the kings of France
French Governors and Lieutenant-generals of Savoy
Jun 1538 - 3 Jul 1559 the governors and lieutenant-generals
of Dauphiné
Dukes of Savoy³ (Italian names with French in parenthesis)
3 Jul 1559 - 30 Aug 1580 Emanuele Filiberto "Testa di ferro"(b. 1528 - d. 1580)
(= Emmanuel Philibert "Tête de Fer")
(in dissidence from 17 Aug 1553)
30 Aug 1580 - 20 Jul 1630 Carlo Emanuele I "il Grande" (b. 1562 - d. 1630)
(= Charles Emmanuel I "le Grand")
20 Jul 1630 - 7 Oct 1637 Vittorio Amedeo I (b. 1587 - d. 1637)
(= Victor Amédée I)
7 Oct 1637 - 4 Oct 1638 Francesco Giacinto (b. 1632 - d. 1638)
(= François Hyacinthe)
7 Oct 1637 - 4 Oct 1638 Maria Cristina di Borbone- (b. 1606 - d. 1663)
Francia (f) -Regent (1st time)
(= Chrestienne de France)
4 Oct 1638 - 12 Jun 1675 Carlo Emanuele II (b. 1634 - d. 1675)
(= Charles Emmanuel II)
4 Oct 1638 - 20 Jun 1638 Maria Cristina di Borbone- (s.a.)
Francia (f) -Regent (2nd time)
27 Aug 1639 - 20 Sep 1640 Tommaso di Savoia, principe di (b. 1596 - d. 1656)
Carignano -Regent (in rebellion)
(= Thomas de Savoie, prince de Carignan)
12 Jun 1675 - 8 Aug 1720 Vittorio Amedeo II (b. 1666 - d. 1732)
(= Victor Amédée II)
12 Jun 1675 – 30 Nov 1684 Maria Giovanna Battista di (b. 1644 - d. 1724)
Savoia (f) -Regent
(= Marie Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie)
8 Aug 1720 - 12 Dec 1798 the kings of Sardinia-Piedmont
28 May 1799 - 23 Jun 1800 the kings of Sardinia-Piedmont
25 Apr 1814 - 17 Mar 1861 the kings of Sardinia-Piedmont
French Commanders in Savoy
Jun 1690 - 20 Nov 1690 Charles de Chalmot, marquis de (b. c.1650 - d. 1691)
Saint-Ruhe
20 Nov 1690 - 7 Oct 1693 Charles Fortin de la Hoguette (b. 1646 - d. 1693)
169. - 28 Sep 1696 Antoine-Balthazar de Longecombe, (b. 1649 - d. 1726)
marquis de Thouy (Thoy)
1696 - 1699 ....
Governors
3 Oct 1699 - 1700 Carlo Filiberto d'Este, marquis (b. 1649 - d. 1703)
de Dronero (commandant general)
1700 - 1704 Marie-Joseph d'Allinges, marquis (b. 1660 - d. 1736)
de Coudrée
French military governors
(under intendant of Dauphiné)
1703 - Dec 1703 René III de Froulay, comte de (b. 1648 - d. 1725)
Tessé
1703? - 1705? Louis d'Aubusson, duc de la (b. 1673 - d. 1725)
Feuillade
1703? - 5 Jun 1713 Louis Isaac Dufour, seigneur de (b. 1656 - d. 1729)
Prades (commandant)
Governors
1703 - 1704 Jean-Urbain de Vallière (d. 1710)
(French commandant in Chambéry)
1709 - 1713 Claude de Fay d'Athies, marquis (b. 1658 - d. 1738)
de Cilly (French commander)
1721 - 1724 Carlo Francesco Sale Delle Lanze, (b. 1668 - d. 1749)
conte di Sale e di Vinovo
1724 - 1726 conte di Viansino
1726 - 1731 Ludovico Ignazio San Giorgio di (d. 1744)
Foglizzo (acting)
1731 - 1742 Giuseppe, conte Picon
Spanish Intendant-generals
1742 - 1743 Zenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, (b. 1702 - d. 1781)
marquès de la Ensenada
Jan 1743 - Aug? 1743 José de Avilès e Iturbide (b. 1683 - d. 1767)
1743 - 1744 Julian Amorin de Velasco (b. 1690 - d. 1757)
Nov 1744 - 1745 marquès de la Torre
1745 - 1747 Julián Amorim de Velasco (b. 1690 - d. 1757)
1747 - 1748 Manuel, marquès de Sada y Antillon (b. 1677 - d. 1764)
1748 - 1749 Juan Gregorio Muniáin Panigo (b. 1699 - d. 1772)
Governors
1749 - 1759 Gabriel Maria Alessio Della (d. 1759)
Chiesa di Cinzano
1759 - 1770 Claude Ferdinand de Menthon, (d. 1770)
comte des Ollières
1770 - 1779 Jean-François Joseph Sallier de (b. 1706 - d. 1779)
La Tour, marquis de Cordon
1779 - 1788 Tarino Imperiale (Tarin Imperial)
1788 - 1792 Carlo Giuseppe Giacinto Perrone (b. 1764 - d. 1836)
di San Martino
1792 - 1814 annexed to France
Feb 1814 - Mar 1814 Jean-Baptiste d'Oncieu de la Bâtie (b. 1765 - d. 1847)
(provisional prefect for territories of the
department controlled by the Austrians)
1814 - 1815 Giuseppe Galleani d'Agliano (b. 1762 - d. 1838)
(Sardinian plenipotentiary commissioner)
1815 Ignace, comte Thaon de Revel (b. 1760 - d. 1835)
(chairman royal commission for administration of Savoy)
1815 - 1816 Luigi Amedeo, conte Gattinara di (b. 1749 - d. 1828)
Zubiéna (acting)
1816 - 1831 Charles-Louis Gabaleone, comte (b. 1755 - d. 1831)
d'Andezeno et de Salmour
1831 - 1832 Jean-Baptiste d'Oncieu de la Bâtie (s.a.)
1832 - 1842 Vittorio conte Casazza di Valmonte (b. 1773 - d. 1845)
Oct 1842 - Dec 1847 Giovanni Antonio Pagliacciù,
marquis de La Planargia (b. 1783 - d. 1860)
Dec 1847 - Apr 1848 Angelo Olivieri di Vernier (b. 1788 - d. 1852)
Apr 1848 - 1848 Mario Broglio, conte di (b. 1796 - d. 1857)
Casalborgone
1848 Charles de Menthon d'Avernioz (b. 1793 - d. 1858)
14 Aug 1848 - 30 Aug 1859 Clément de Maugny (b. 1798 - d. 1859)
2 Apr 1860 - 14 Jun 1860 Governor-regents
+ Albert-Eugène Lachenal (b. 1795 - d. 1883)
(in Annecy)
+ Charles Dupasquier (in Chambéry) (b. 1814 - d. 1889)
³full style of the rulers:
- of the COUNTS -
(a) c.10.. - 120. (in Latin): Comes Maurianensis (Mauriennae), et Marchio in Italiae
("Count of Maurienne and Margrave in Italy");
(b) 120. - 24 Nov 1310: Comes Sabaudiae (Sabaldie) et Marchio in Ytalia ("Count of Savoy and Margrave in Italy");
(c) 24 Nov 1310 - 19 Feb 1416: Comes Sabaudiae, dux Chablaysii et Augustae, in Italia marchio [et princeps] ("Count of Savoy, Duke of Chablais and Aosta, Margrave in Italy [and prince]");
- of the DUKES -
(d) 19 Feb 1416 - 6 Jan 1440 (in Latin): Dux Sabaudiae, Chablaysii et Augustae, princeps, marchio in Italia, [from 1418] comes Pedemontium ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais and Aosta, Prince, Margarve in Italy, [from 1418] Count of Piedmont");
(e) 6 Jan 1440 - 1448: Dux Sabaudiae, Chablaysii et Augustae, sacri Romani Imperii princeps vicariusque perpetuus, marchio in Italia, comes Pedemontium, etc. ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais and Aosta, Prince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire, Margarve in Italy, Count of Piedmont, etc.");
(f) 1448 - 7 Feb 1563: Dux Sabaudiae, Chablaysii et Augustae, sacri Romani Imperii princeps vicariusque perpetuus, marchio in Italia, princeps Pedemontium, etc. ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais and Aosta; Prince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; Margarve in Italy; Prince of Piedmont, etc.");
(g) 7 Feb 1563 - 31 Dec 1564 (in Italian): Duca di Savoja, Ciablese et Auosta, Principe e vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Imperia, Marchese in Italia, Principe di Piemonte, ...;
(in French): Duc de Savoye, Chablais et Aouste, prince et vicaire perpétuel du Sainct Empire Romain, marquis en Italie, prince de Piedmont, ... ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais and Aosta; Prince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; Margarve in Italy; Prince of Piedmont, ...");
(h) 31 Dec 1564 - 28 Sep 1588: Duca di Savoja, Ciablese, Auosta et Genevese, Principe e Vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Imperia, Marchese in Italia, Principe di Piemonte, ...; (in French): Duc de Savoye, Chablais, Aouste et Genevoys, prince et vicaire perpétuel du Sainct Empire Romain, marquis en Italie, prince de Piedmont, ... ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais, Aosta, and Genevois; Prince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; Margarve in Italy; Prince of Piedmont, ...");
(i) 28 Sep 1588 - 19 Jun 1631: Duca di Savoja, Chiables, Agosta et Genevese, Principe et vicario perpetuo del sacro romano imperio, Marchese in Italia, Principe di Piemonte, Marchese di Saluzzo, ... ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais, Aosta and Genevois; Prince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire; Margrave in Italy; Prince of Piedmont; Margrave of Saluzzo, ...");
(j) 19 Jun 1631 - 21 Dec 1713: Duca di Savoja, Chiables, Agosta, del Genevese e Monferrato, Principe di Piemonte, Marchese di Saluzzo, ... ("Duke of Savoy, Chablais, Aosta, of Genevois and Montferrat; Prince of Piedmont; Margrave of Saluzzo, ...");
(k) 21 Dec 1713 - 8 Aug 1720: Re di Sicilia, di Gerusalemme, e di Cipro, Duca di Savoja, di Monferrato, Aosta, Ciablese e Genevese, Principe di Piemonte, e d'Oneglia ("King of Sicily, of Jerusalem, and of Cyprus; Duke of Savoy, of Montferrat, Aosta, Chablais and Genevois; Prince of Piedmont and Oneglia");
(l) 8 Aug 1720 - 1815: Re di Sardegna, di Cipro e di Gerusalemme, Duca di Savoia, ecc. ecc. ecc. Principe di Piemonte ecc. ecc. ecc. ("King of Sardinia, of Cyprus, and of Jerusalem; Duke of Savoy, etc., etc., etc.; Prince of Piedmont, etc, etc., etc.")
Mont-Blanc
21 Sep 1792
Chambéry, the main city, is occupied by
French troops.
27 Nov
1792
French département
Mont-Blanc formed from Savoy.
25 Aug
1798
Faucigny and Chablais attached to new département Léman
(Geneva).
30 May
1814
Eastern Savoy is restored to Sardinia; the western
area
remains part of France.
20 Nov
1815
Western Savoy is restored to Sardinia.
Commissioners of the Convention in
Mont-Blanc
21 Sep 1795 - Sep 1792
Anne Pierre de Montesquiou
(b. 1739 - d. 1798)
(French commander)
Sep 1792 - Oct 1792
Edouard Louis
Alexis Dubois de (b. 1746 - d.
1814)
Crancé (1st time)
+ Thomas Augustin de Gasparin
(b. 1754 - d. 1793)
+ Jean-Pierre Lacombe de Saint-Michel(b. 1753 - d.
1812)
14 Dec 1792 - 18 May 1793 Henri
Grégoire (to 18 Feb 1793)
(b. 1750 - d. 1831)
+ Jean Hérault de Séchelles
(b. 1759 - d. 1794)
+ Philibert Simond (1st time)
(b. 1755 - d. 1794)
+ Grégoire Jagot (to 18 Feb 1793) (b.
1750 - d. 1838)
May 1793 - Aug 1793?
Edouard Louis Alexis Dubois de
(s.a.)
Crancé (2nd time)
+ Antoine François Gauthier des
(b. 1752 - d. 1838)
Orcières (1st time)
31 Aug 1793 - Dec 1793
Philibert Simond (2nd time)
(s.a.)
+ Jacques Dumaz (1st time)
(b. 1762 - d. 1839)
29 Dec 1793 - Feb 1794
Benoît Louis Gouly
(b. 1753 - d. 1823)
Feb 1794 - 21 Aug 1794
Antoine Louis Albitte
(b. 1761 - d. 1812)
3 Sep 1794 - 18 Mar 1795 Antoine
François Gauthier des
(s.a.)
Orcières (2nd time)(to Jan 1795)
+ Joseph François Cassanyès
(b. 1758 - d. 1843)
(1st time)
(acting)
Apr 1795 - Aug 1795
Jacques Dumaz (2nd time)
(s.a.)
+ Guillaume André Réal
(b. 1755 - d. 1832)
+ Jean-Marie Bion (from 11 Jun 1795)
(b. 1730 - d. 1798)
30 Aug 1795 - Nov 1795
Joseph François Cassanyès (2nd time) (s.a.)
Commissioners of the
Executive Directory
Nov 1795 - 4 Jun 1796
François Jean Baptiste Carelli de (b.
1759 - d. 1818)
Bassy, comte de Cevins
4 Jun 1796 - 8 Oct
1796 ... Grand
8 Oct 1796 - 18 Aug 1799
Hyacinthe-François Garin
(b. 1732 - d. 1802)
18 Aug 1799 - 1800
Humbert Ducoudray
Prefects of
Mont-Blanc
21 Feb 1800 - 27 Mar
1802 Antoine de
Sauzay
(b. 1745 - d. 1821)
28 Apr 1802 - Feb
1804 Joseph
Verneilh-Puyrasseau
(b. 1756 - d. 1839)
9 Mar 1804 - Nov
1810 Charles Poitevin de Maissemy
(b. 1742 - d. 1830)
30 Nov 1810 - 14 Mar
1815 Antoine Bernard Finot (1st time)
(b. 1780 - d. 1844)
(from 2 Aug 1811, Antoine Bernard, baron Finot)
14 Mar 1815 - 1 Apr 1815 Henri Émery
(interim)
(b. 1767 - d. 18..)
1 Apr 1815 - 3 Aug 1815
Jean-Louis Rieul, baron Viefville (b. 1744
- d. 1820)
des Essarts
3 Aug 1815 - 17 Dec 1815 Antoine Bernard,
baron Finot (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Savoy: above under Sardinia-Piedmont
Scavolino
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![[Flag of the Carpengna dynasty
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(Italy)]")
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1460 County of Scavolino (Contea di Scavolino), under the Carpegna
(from 1731, Orsini) dynasty.
1484 Under Papal suzerainty.
12 May 1685 Counts made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire (title Principato
di Scavolino).
Feb 1731 Dispute settled by joint suzerainty of the Emperor and the Pope.
1738 - 1741 Occupied by Tuscany.
1749 - 1754 Occupied by Tuscany.
17 Oct 1797 By the Treaty of Campo Formio, Emperor Francis II renounces
the fief.
11 May 1808 - 1814 Annexed to the Kingdom of Italy (along with the Papal province
of Urbino).
1814 Ceded to the Papal State.
1814 - 7 May 1814 Principality of Scavolino briefly attempted to be restored by
the last prince (not recognized by the Papal State).
15 May 1817 Scavolino is re-inherited by the counts of Carpegna.
Princes (title Principe di Scavolino)
12 May 1685 - Jan 1731 Ulderico I (b. 1653 - d. 1731)
Jan 1731 - 21 Dec 1754 Emilio (b. 1672 - d. 1754)
21 Dec 1754 - 5 Nov 1788 Gaspare I (b. 1707 - d. 1788)
5 Nov 1788 - 11 May 1808 Ulderico II (1st time) (b. 1733 - d. 1814)
(in exile from 1797)
1808 - 1814 Interregnum
1814 - 7 May 1814 Ulderico II (2nd time) (s.a.)
Seborga
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(Italy)]")
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954
Seborga (French: Sabourg) allegedly ceded
by Counts of Ventimiglia
to the
Cistercian Abbey of Lerino
(French: Abbaye de Lérins)
near
Cannes.
13 Jul 1177
Dispute settled
by confirming ownership to the Abbey.
1635 - 1637
Spanish occupy Lerino (Lérins).
20 Jan
1729
Sold by the Abbey of Lérins to Piedmont-Sardinia.
10 Aug 1787
Lerino (Lérins)
Abbey is dis-established.
23 Apr
1995
Referendum votes in favor of "independence" from Italy
(see Self-Proclaimed
Micronations)(not recongized).
Abbots (the Abbots of Lerino)
1394 - 1403
Giovanni Lascaris
1403 -
1424
Giovanni Pellizon
1424 -
1452
Giorgio Lascaris
1452 -
1469
Michele Lascaris
1469 -
1493
Nicola Lascaris
1493 - 1523
Raniero Lascaris
1523 - 14 Apr 1532 Agostino
Grimaldi (b.
1482 - d. 1532)
(also
Lord of Monaco)
1532 - 1535
Jean-Baptiste de Tortone
1534 - 1536
Benoît de Venise
1536 - 1542
Laurent de Crémone
1542 - 1544
Jérôme du Pont
1544 - 1547
Denis Faucher
1547 - 1550
Césaire de Laude (1st time)
1550 - 1552
Honoré de Saluces (1st time)
1552 - 1554
Placide de Gênes
1554 - 1555
Simplicien de Valteline
1555 - 1561
Césaire de Laude (2nd time)
1561 - 1566
Honoré de Saluces (2nd time)
1566 - 1570
Maxime de Colmars Rodolphe
1570 - 1575
Césaire de Laude (3d time)
1575 - 1577
Germain Bellon d'Aiglun (1st time)
1577 - 1582
Jérôme de Pérouse
1582 - 1585
Benoît de Venise
1585 - 1590
Germain Bellon d'Aiglun (2nd time)
1590 - 1593
Ange de Fréjus
1593 - 1601
Hilaire d'Antibes
1601 - 1602
Julien d'Azala
1602 - 1604
Pierre-Paul de Florence
1604 - 1608
César Barcillon de Saint-Paul
(1st
time)
1608 - 1609
Zenobio de Pérouse
1609 - 1612
César Barcillon de Saint-Paul
(2nd
time)
1612 - 1614
Antoine de Murs
1614 - 1615
Marc-Antoine Escarras de Cannes
1615 - 1621
Théodore Tardivi (1st time)
1621 - 1623
Ange de Grasse
1623 - 1626
Ange de Reggio
1626 - 1632
Théodore Tardivi (2nd time)
1632 - 1638
Honoré d'Ubraye
1638
Louis Meynier d'Aix (1st
time)
1638 - 1645
Hyacinthe Fradet
1645
Léandre
1645 - 1651
Louis Meynier d'Aix (2nd time)
1651 - 1654
Honoré d'Ubraye
1654 - 1656
César Barcillon de Saint-Paul
(1st
time)
1656 - 1659
Benoît Tornon
1659 - 1666
Louis Meynier d'Aix
1666 - 1672
César Barcillon de Saint-Paul
(2nd
time)
1672 - 1682
Maure de Guérin
1682 - 1699
Joseph de Meyronnet (1st time)
1699 - 1707
André Bernardi d'Antibes
1707 - 16 Nov 1710 Joseph de
Meyronnet (2nd time)
16 Nov 1710 - 20 Jan 1729 Giuseppe
Antonio Biancheri (b. 1666 - d. 1746)
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1216 - c.1242
Papal rule.
c.1242 -
1250
Imperial rule.
1250 - 1280
Papal rule.
1280 -
c.1288
Ruled by Urbino.
c.1288
Senigallia a free commune.
1306 - 1342
Papal rule.
1342 -
1355
Under Malatesta of Pesaro.
1355 -
1379
Under Papal rule.
1379 - 1416
Under Malatesta of Pesaro.
1416 - 1417
Papal rule.
1417 - 1428
Under Malatesta of Pesaro.
1428 - 1430
Papal rule.
1430 - 1431
Under Malatesta of Pesaro.
1431 - 1433
Papal rule
1433 - 31 Jan
1463
Under Malatesta of Pesaro.
31 Jan 1464
Lordship of Senigallia (Signoria
di Senigallia) given to
Antonio
Piccolomini a relative of the Pope.
1464 - 1474
Restored Papal rule.
28 Oct 1474
Given to Giovanni Francesco
Della Rovere.
31 Dec 1502 - 18 Aug 1503
Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di
Valentino.
18 Aug
1503
Della Rovere rule restored.
1 Jan
1514
Possession of Urbino.
15 Oct 1516 - Nov 1519
Duke being excommunicated, Senigallia is
given to Tuscany.
18 May
1522
Restored to Urbino.
1 Jan
1625
Under rule of Papal State.
12 May
1631
Formally annexed to Papal State.
Lords (title Signore
di Senigallia)
1342 -
1355
the lords of Pesaro
1355 -
1379
Papal rule
1379 -
1416
the lord of Pesaro
1416 -
1417
Papal rule
1417 -
1428
the lord of Pesaro
1428 -
1430
Papal rule
1430 -
1431
the lord of Pesaro
1431 -
1433
Papal rule
1433 - 31 Jan
1463 the
lords of Pesaro
31 Jan 1464 - 1464
Antonio Piccolomini, duca
(b. 1435 - d. 1492)
d'Amalfi
1464 -
1474
Papal rule
28 Oct 1474 - 6 Nov 1501 Giovanni
Francesco Della Rovere(b. 1457 - d. 1501)
6 Nov 1501 - 31 Dec 1502
Francesco Maria Della Rovere (b. 1490 - d. 1538)
(1st time)
31 Dec 1502 - 18 Aug 1503 Cesare
Borgia, duca di (b. 1475 -
d. 1507)
Valentino
18 Aug 1503 - 15 Oct 1516
Francesco Maria Della Rovere (s.a.)
(2nd time)
15 Oct 1516 - Nov
1519 the
governors of Tuscany
Nov 1519 - 18 May 1522
Giovanni Maria da Varano (b.
1503 - d. 1527)
18 May 1522 - 1 Jan 1625 the
dukes of Urbino
Sicily: see under Two Sicilies
Siena: see under Tuscany
Sora
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1339 County of Sora (Sorae Comes/Contea di Sora) created as a fief
of "Sicily" (Naples).
1443 Duchy of Sora (Sorae Ducatus/Ducato di Sora).
1463 - 1472 Papal occupation.
28 Mar 1472 - 3 Sep 1578 Under the Della Rovere dynasty (except 1516-1521).
1516 - 1521 Under Imperial administration.
1579 Pope Gregory XIII acquires the duchy for 100,000 scudi,
assigning it to his son Giacomo Boncompagni.
1579 - 1796 Under the Boncompagni (from 1731, Boncompagni-Ludovisi) dynasty.
1647 - 1648 Occupied by "Papone" Colessa Domenico (b. 1607 - d. 1648).
14 Jul 1796 Ferdinando IV of "Sicily" (Naples) decrees the Duchy suppressed
together with the Stato dei Presidi.
31 Aug 1796 Ceded by the Duke to the King of "Sicily" (Naples).
Dukes (title Sorae Dux/Duca di Sora)
1443 - 1453 Nicola Cantelmo (b. c.1382 - d. 1453)
1453 - 1463? Piergiampaolo Cantelmo (d. 1463?)
1463 - 1472 Papal occupation
28 Mar 1472 - 11 Nov 1475 Leonardo Della Rovere (b. 1445 - d. 1475)
11 Nov 1475 - 6 Nov 1501 Giovanni Della Rovere (b. 1457 - d. 1501)
6 Nov 1501 - 1516 Francesco Maria Della Rovere (b. 1490 - d. 1538)
(1st time)
1516 - 28 May 1521 Guglielmo di Croÿ (b. 1458 - d. 1521)
28 May 1528 - 20 Oct 1538 Francesco Maria Della Rovere (s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Oct 1538 - 3 Sep 1578 Giulio Maria Della Rovere (b. 1533 - d. 1578)
1579 - 26 Aug 1612 Giacomo I (b. 1548 - d. 1612)
26 Aug 1612 - 13 Oct 1628 Gregorio I (b. 1590 - d. 1628)
13 Oct 1628 - 18 Apr 1636 Giovan Giacomo II (b. 1613 - d. 1636)
18 Apr 1636 - 28 Oct 1676 Ugo I (b. 1614 - d. 1676)
28 Oct 1676 - 1 Feb 1707 Gregorio II (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
1 Feb 1707 - 28 Jan 1731 Antonio I (b. 1658 - d. 1731)
28 Jan 1731 - 24 May 1777 Gaetano Domenico (b. 1704 - d. 1777)
24 May 1777 - 31 Aug 1796 Antonio II Maria (b. 1735 - d. 1805)
Soragna
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(1700), 4,169 (1678) |
1198 Seigneury of Soragna (Soraniae Dominium) a fief
20 Sep 1347 Marquisate of Soragna (Soraniae Marchionatus/Marchesato di Soragna),
under the Lupi (from 1530, Meli-Lupi) dynasty, an imperial fief.
1545 Under suzerainty of Parma.
4 Aug 1709 Marquesses made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire (Principato
di Soragna) by Emperor Joseph I.
1729 - 1731 Claimed by Parma (in 1731 confirmed as an imperial fiefdom).
bf.1754 Ceased to be considered a separate imperial fief and subsumed under
Parma (probably due to 18 Oct 1748 Austria-Spain peace treaty), with
the ruling family retaining style and privileges.
1791 Occupied by Parma.
17 Oct 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, the Emperor Francis II renounces the whatever
remains of the status of the fief to Parma.
Marquess (title Marchese di Soragna)
10 May 1681 - 4 Aug 1709 Giampaolo IV Maria (b. 1654 - d. 1729)
Princes (title Principe di Soragna)
4 Aug 1709 - 24 Aug 1729 Giampaolo IV Maria (s.a.)
24 Aug 1729 - 18 Aug 1748 Nicolo (b. 1666 - d. 1748)
18 Aug 1748 - 2 Sep 1764 Diofebo IV (b. 1717 - d. 1764)
2 Sep 1764 - 17 Oct 1797 Guido IV (b. 1741 - d. 1819)
(in exile from 1791)
Stato dei Presidi: see under Tuscany
Ticino: see Ticino under Swiss Cantons
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![[Torriglia 1547-1797
(Italy)]](it-torr1.gif "[Torriglia 1547-1797 (Italy)]")
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(1700, Torriglia), 10,000 (1700, rest of so-called State of Doria) |
1252 Lordship of Torriglia, under the Fieschi dynasty.
12 Jun 1548 Marquisate of Torriglia, under the Doria (later
Doria-Pamphilii-Landi) dynasty.
13 May 1760 Principality of Torriglia (Principato di Torriglia), created by
the Emperor the by merger of marquessates of Torriglia and Santo
Stefano; there were other Imperial fiefs to the princes, such
as marquessates of Carrega, Garbagna, Grondona, (from 1784)
Cabella, and county of Ottone; common designation of
possessions of the princes: State of Doria (Stato Doria).
27 Jun 1797 Annexed to Ligurian Republic (see Genoa).
Marquesses (title Marchese di Torriglia)
1560 – 13 Sep 1574 Pagano d'Oria (b. 1545 - d. 1574)
13 Sep 1574 – 2 Feb 1606 Giovanni Andrea I Doria (b. 1539 – d. 1606)
2 Feb 1606 – 11 Jul 1612 Andrea II (b. 1570 - d. 1612)
11 Jul 1612 - 18 Jan 1640 Giovanni Andrea II (b. 1607 - d. 1640)
(Giò Andrea)
1612 – 1620 Giovanna Colonna (f) -Regent (b. 1579/80 - d. 1620)
31 Jan 1641 – 1654 Andrea III (b. 1628 - d. 1654)
1641 – 1648 Polissena Landi (f) -Regent (b. 1608 - d. 1679)
19 Oct 1654 – 1679 Violante Lomellini (f)–Regent(b. 1632 - d. 1708)
27 Feb 1679 - 17 Dec 1737 Giovanni Andrea III (b. 1653 - d. 1737)
17 Dec 1737 - 13 May 1760 Giovanni Andrea IV (b. 1705 - d. 1764)
Princes (title Principe di Torriglia)
13 May 1760 - 18 Dec 1764 Giovanni Andrea IV (s.a.)
18 Dec 1764 - 27 Jun 1797 Giorgio Andrea IV (b. 1744 - d. 1807)
Trent (Trento/Trient)
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![[Bishopric of
Trent (Trient) state flag to 1796 (Italy)]](trento1.gif "[Bishopric of Trent (Trient) state flag
to 1796 (Italy)]")
![[Trent State
Flag 1801-1802 (Italy)]](trento2.gif "[Trent State
Flag 1801-1802 (Italy)]")
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c.300
Bishopric of Trent (Ger. Trient; It. Trento)(subject to
the
patriarchate of Aquileia to 6 Jul 1751)(Episcopatus
Tridentinus/
Hochstift Trient).
1027
Bishops made princes of the Holy Roman Empire (Episcopatus
ac
Principatus
Tridentinus/Fürstbistum Trient/Principato Vescovile
di
Trento).
5 Sep 1796 - 12 Nov
1796 Occupied by France.
12 Nov 1796 - 30 Jan 1797 Occupied by
Austria.
30 Jan 1797 - 10 Apr 1797 Occupied by
France.
10 Apr 1797 - 7 Jan 1801 Occupied
by Austria.
7 Jan 1801 - 9
Mar 1801 Occupied by France.
9 Mar
1801
Bishopric administered by Austria in anticipation of
secularization
and
annexation to Austria.
27 Apr 1803 - 26 Dec
1805 Incorporated into Austrian Tyrol (see Austrian
Crownlands)(by
enactment of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of 25 Feb 1803),
nominally as a state (Principality of Trent) of the Holy
Roman
Empire.
26 Dec 1805 - 28 Feb 1810 Annexed to Bavaria.
28 Feb 1810 - 10 Oct 1813 Annexed to the
Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy)
as
the département
Haut-Adige (Alto Adige).
10 Oct 1813 - 3 Nov 1918 Annexed to
Austria.
3 Nov
1918
Annexed to Italy.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu
Trient/Principe vescovo di Trento)
7 Mar 1696 - 22 Apr 1725 Johann
Michael Graf von Spaur und (b. 1638
- d. 1725)
Valör
9 Sep 1725 - 20 Sep 1725
Giovanni Benedetto Gentilotti
(b. 1672 - d. 1725)
26 Nov 1725 - 5 Apr 1730 Anton
Dominik Graf von Wolkenstein- (b. 1662 - d.
1730)
Trostburg
19 Jun 1730 - 7 Sep 1758 Dominik
Anton Graf von
Thun
(b. 1685 - d. 1758)
29 May 1748 - 20 Jan 1756 Leopold Ernest
Graf von
Firmian (b.
1708 - d. 1783)
(administrator)
7 Sep 1758 - 31 Dec 1762
Francesco Felice Alberti d'Enno
(b. 1701 - d. 1762)
2 Jul 1763 - 13 Jun 1776
Cristoforo Francesco Sizzo
de
(b. 1706 - d. 1776)
Norris
16 Sep 1776 - 17 Jan 1800 Peter Michael
Vigil Graf von Thun und (b. 1724 - d. 1800)
Hohenstein (fled Trent 20 May 1796)
2 Apr 1800 - 25 Feb 1803
Emmanuel Maria Graf von
Thun
(b. 1763 - d. 1818)
und Hohenstein (fled to Vienna in Jan 1801)
Grand chancellor
1792 - 1801
Francesco Vigilio Barbacovi
(b.
1738 - d. 1825)
Trieste (Triest): see under Italy
Tuscany
![[Republic of
Florence c.1251-1562 (Italy)]](it-firenze1251.gif "[Republic
of Florence c.1251-1562 (Italy)]")
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![[Grand Duchy of
Tuscany 1562-1586 (Italy)]](it_tosc5.gif "[Grand
Duchy of Tuscany 1562-1586 (Italy)]")
![[Grand Duchy of
Tuscany 1586-1737 (Italy)]](it_tos-a.gif "[Grand
Duchy of Tuscany 1586-1737 (Italy)]")
![[Grand Duchy of
Tuscany c.1737-1765 (Italy)]](ah_1686.gif "[Grand
Duchy of Tuscany c.1737-1765 (Italy)]")
![[Grand Duchy of
Tuscany 1765-1799, 1800-1801 (Italy)]](it_tos.gif "[Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1765-1799,
1800-1801 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of
Etruria 1801-1807 (Tuscany, Italy)]](it_etr.gif "[Kingdom of Etruria 1801-1807 (Tuscany,
Italy)]")
![[Etrurian
Kingdom merchant flag (1803-1807) (Italy)]](it-etrur2.gif "[Etrurian Kingdom merchant flag
(1803-1807) (Italy)]")
![[Tuscany
1848-1849 (Italy)]](it_tosc2.gif "[Tuscany 1848-1849
(Italy)]")
![[Tuscany
provisional merchant flag 1859-1860 (Italy)]](it_tosc59.gif "[Tuscany provisional merchant flag
1859-1860 (Italy)]")
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of Florence |
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(1848-1859; in Italian) |
| Capital:
Florence (Firenze) |
Currency: 1814-1859 Italian States
Lira (XITL); 1807-1814 Italian States Franco (XITF); 1737-1801 Italian States Ducat (XITD); 1737-1801 Italian States Scudo (XITS); 1287-1737 Italian States Lira (XITL) |
National Holiday:
3 Oct (1797) Birthday of Duke Leopoldo II (1849-1859) |
Population:
1,794,000 (1858), 1,063,000 (1794) |
| Exports: $11.6 million (1856) |
Imports: $15 million (1856) | Military Forces: 17,000 (1858) (including irregular 9,000) |
Merchant Marine: 900 ships (1856) |
576
Lombard Duchy of Tuscia
797
March of Tuscia
(Margraviate of Tuscany [Margraviato di
Toscana]).
1115 - 1120
Florence a free commune.
1160 - 1173
Imperial
administration.
1173 - 1195
Florence a free commune.
1195 -
1197
Imperial administration.
1195 - 1251
Florence a free commune.
12 Sep 1251
Republic of Florence (Repubblica di
Firenze; unofficially
called the Florentine Republic - Respublica
Florentina).
16 Sep 1260 - 11 Nov 1266 Occupied by "Sicily"
(Naples).
15 Feb/15 Apr 1293
Institution of Gonfaloniere di
Giustizia di Repubblica
Fiorentina
introduced, with Baldo Ruffoli the first Gonfaloniere.
5 Nov 1301 - 12 Apr 1302 Occupied
by France.
Jul 1313 - 28 Dec 1327
Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
25 Feb
1331
Prato sold to Florence by "Sicily" (Naples).
1341
Barga is annexed.
28 Feb
1349
Colle Val d'Elsa (Valdelsa) and San Gimignano (full
submission
11 Aug 1353) annexed.
Apr
1351
Pistoia (Pistoja)(Florence subject 1328-1343)
submits to Florence.
17 Feb 1370
San Miniato al Tedesco subjected.
6 Dec 1384
Arezzo is annexed.
11 Apr 1390
Montepulciano submits (by treaty with Sienna 6
Apr 1404).
30 Aug 1405 - 9 Nov 1494
Pisa acquired.
18 Jan
1411
Cortona lordship sold to Florence by "Sicily" (Naples).
28 Aug
1421
Livorno (Leghorn) purchased by Florence from
Genoa.
8 Feb 1471
Bagnone marquisate taken.
18 Jun 1472
Volterra is annexed
(under Florentine dominion from 1361,
occupied 7 Nov 1429 - 30 Oct 1431).
6 Mar 1477 - 5 Oct
1847 Fivizzano marquisate exclave annexed.
26 Sep 1484 - 5 Oct 1847
Pietrasanta exclave annexed (except 1496-1516).
28 Nov 1494 – 7 Apr 1498 Dominican
Friar Girolamo Savonarola (b. 1452 – d. 1498)
and
his followers institute a puritanical campaign,
expelling
the ruling Medici and established a
"popular" republic.
8 Jun
1509
Pisa annexed.
11 May 1527 - 1530 The
Medici are exiled.
4 Aug 1530 - 6 Jul
1531 Imperial occupation.
27 Oct
1530
Medici made heads of state (imperial decree proclaimed 6
Jul 1531).
27 Apr 1532
Signoria
and Gonfalionierat are
replaced by hereditary duke
(effective 1 May 1532).
1 May
1532
Duchy of Florence (Signoria
and Gonfalionierat replaced by
hereditary duke).
1 May 1532 - 9 Jul
1737 Under the Medici dynasty.
3 Feb
1555
Massa Marittima (Massa Veternensis) incorporated
Tuscany.
19 Jul
1557 Siena ceded
to Tuscany (by treaty of 3 Jul 1557).
27 Aug 1569
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato
di/della Toscana)(raised to a
Grand Duchy by Papal bull, coronation 18 Feb 1570).
9 Jun
1604
Pitigliano county annexed.
Sep 1624
County of Santa Fiora (Contea di Santa Fiora)
annexed to Tuscany
(Count
Mario II sells sovereignty of the fief to Ferdinand II
de'
Medici 9
Dec 1633).
18 Sep 1650 - 17 Dec 1847 Pontremoli exclave
annexed.
1698
Treschietto sold to Tuscany by the marchese
Malaspina di
Filattiera (confirmed 1743).
9 Jul 1737
Given to the Duke of Lorraine
by Imperial decree.
25 Sep 1772
Calice, Veppo and Madrignano
sold to Tuscany by the marchese
Malaspina .
25 Mar 1799 - 7 Jul 1799 Occupied by France.
27 Mar
1799
Etruscan Republic (Repubblica
Etrusca/République Étrusque).
7 Jul
1799
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di/della Toscana)(restored).
9 Feb
1801
Grand Duke deposed by Treaty of Lunéville (ratified 16
Mar 1801).
16 Mar 1801
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is ceded to the Infante of
Spain (prince
of
Parma) in accordance with a treaty signed by the
plenipotentiaries of the Emperor of the Romans and the
French
Republic
on 9 Feb 1801 in Lunéville, France.
2 Aug
1801
Kingdom of Etruria (Regno di Etruria/Royaume
d'Étrurie).
8 Nov 1807
The Kingdom of Etruria is ceded to the Emperor of the
French in
accordance with a treaty signed by the plenipotentiaries
of the
King of
Spain and the Emperor of the French in Fontainebleau,
France,
on 27 Oct 1807.
10 Dec
1807
King of Etruria relinquished the government in
accordance with a
proclamation of the Queen Regent.
12 Dec 1807
The commissioner plenipotentiary of the Emperor of the
French
assumed the government of the Kingdom of Etruria in the
name of
the emperor, public ceremony, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.
24 May
1808
Divided into the départements of
Arno, Méditerranée,
and Ombrone.
30 May 1808
The states of Tuscany (États de Toscane) are
incorporated into the
French
Empire in accordance with a sénatus-consulte
organique
approved
by the Sénat conservateur on 24 May 180.8
30 May 1808 - 1 Feb 1814 Annexed
to France.
3 Mar
1809
General Government of the Tuscan Departments (Gouvernement
Général
des Départements de la Toscane).
1 Feb 1814 - 27 Apr 1814 Occupied by
"Sicily" (Naples).
27 Apr
1814
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di/della Toscana)(restored).
5 Oct
1847
Lucca annexed (Fivizzano ceded to Modena, on 17 Dec 1847
Pontremoli
ceded to Parma).
8 Feb 1849
Provisional
government formed, it is proclaimed to be a
republic on 18 Feb 1849.
12 Apr 1849
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (restored by coup d'état).
25 May
1849
Austrian intervention.
27 Apr
1859
Grand Duke exiled, provisional government takes over.
11 May 1859
Administered by Sardinia-Piedmont.
16 Aug
1859
Grand Duke deposed by parliament.
21 Dec
1859
Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello appointed
as governor-general
of the Associated Central Italian Provinces (governatore
generale delle provincie collegate dell'Italia
centrale) to
coordinate Sardinia-Piedmont annexation of Tuscany,
Modena
Parma and the Romagna.
22 Mar
1860
Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont,
but keeping a large
degree of internal autonomy.
18 Mar
1861
Part
of the Kingdom of Italy.
23 Oct
1861
Autonomy terminated.
Lords (title Signore
di Firenze)
20 Feb 1429 - 3 Oct 1433
Cosimo de' Medici "il Vecchio" (b. 1389 –
d. 1464)
(1st time)
3 Oct 1433 - 1
Oct 1434 the Gonfalonieri di
giustizia
1 Oct 1434 – 1
Aug 1464 Cosimo de' Medici "il Vecchio"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Aug 1464
– 3 Dec 1469 Piero I de'
Medici "il Gottoso" (b. 1416 – d.
1469)
3 Dec 1469
– 8 Apr 1492 Lorenzo I de'
Medici "il Magnifico"(b. 1449 - d. 1492)
8 Apr 1492
– 8 Nov 1494 Piero II de' Medici "il
Fatuo" (b. 1469 – d. 1503)
Gonfalonieri di
giustizia (Standard-bearers of Justice)
Nov 1494 - Jan 1495
Francesco Scarfi
Jan 1495 - Mar 1495
Filippo Corbizi
Mar 1495 - May 1495 Tanai
de' Nerli (2nd
time)
(b. 1427 - d. 1498)
May 1495 - Jul 1495
Bardo Corsi
Jul 1495 - Sep
1495 Lorenzo
Lenzi
Sep 1495 - Nov 1495 Gino
Ginori
Nov 1495 - Jan 1496
Antonio Manetti
Jan 1496 - Mar 1496
Matteo del Caccia
Mar 1496 - May
1496 Domenico
Mazzinghi
May 1496 - Jul 1496 Piero
degli Albizzi
Jul 1496 - Sep 1496
Tommaso Antinori
Sep 1496 - Nov 1496 Giuliano
Orlandini (4th time)
Nov 1496 - Jan 1497
Piero Lenzi
Jan 1497 - Mar 1497 Francesco
Valori (4th
time) (b. 1439
- d. 1498)
Mar 1497 - May 1497
Bernardo del Nero (3rd time)
Mar 1497 - Jul
1497 Piero
degli Alberti
(b. 1444 - d. 1520)
Jul 1794 - Sep 1497 Domenico
Bartoli (2nd time)
Sep 1497 - Nov 1497 Paolo
Carnesecchi (1st time)
Nov 1497 - Jan 1498 Paolo
Antonio
Soderini
(b. 1448 - d. af.1500)
Jan 1498 - Mar 1498 Giuliano
Salviati (2nd time)
Mar 1498 - May 1498 Piero
Popoleschi
May 1498 - Jul
1498 Vieri de'
Medici
Jul 1498 - Sep 1498
Ridolfo Ridolfi (2nd time)
Sep 1498 - Nov 1498 Baldo
Corsi (3rd time)
Nov 1498 - Jan 1499 Guido
Antonio Vespucci
Jan 1499 - Mar 1499 Paolo
Falconieri
Mar 1499 - May 1499 Tommaso
Giovanni
May 1499 - Jul 1499
Francesco Gherardi (2nd
time) (b. 1449 - d. 1499)
Jul 1499 - Sep 1499 Salvestro
Federighi
Sep 1499 - Nov 1499
Giovacchino Guasconi
Nov 1499 - Jan 1500 Giovanni
Battista di Luigi Ridolfi (b. 1448 - d. 1514)
(1st time)
Jan 1500 - Mar
1500 Francesco
Pepi (1st time)
Mar 1500 - May
1500 Antonio
del Vigna
May 1500 - Jul
1500
Pier-Francesco Tosinghi
Jul 1500 - Sep 1500 Piero
Gualterotti
Sep 1500 - Nov 1500 Niccolò
Zati
Nov 1500 - Jan 1501 Giovanni
Batista Bartolini
Jan 1501 - Mar 1501 Piero
Carnesecchi
Mar 1501 - May
1501 Piero di
Tommaso Soderino (b.
1452 – d. 1522)
(1st time)
May 1501 - Jul
1501 Lorenzo
Salviati
Jul 1501 - Sep 1501 Filippo
Carducci
Sep 1501 - Nov 1501 Luca
degli Albizzi
Nov 1501 - Jan 1502
Lanfredino
Lanfredini
(b. 1456 - d. 1520)
Jan 1502 - Mar
1502 Giuliano
Orlandini (2nd time)
Mar 1502 - May 1502 Giovanni
Berardi (1st time)
May 1502 - Jul 1502
Francesco Taddei (2nd time)
Jul 1502 - Sep 1502
Giovanni Batista Giovanni
Sep 1502 - Nov 1502
Niccolò Sacchetti (3rd time)
1 Nov 1502 – 1 Sep 1512 Piero di
Tommaso Soderino (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Sep 1512 - 14 Sep 1512 Giovanni Battista
di Luigi Ridolfi (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governors of Florence (title Governatore
di Firenze)
14 Sep 1512 – 10 Aug 1513
Giuliano II de' Medici, duca
(b. 1479 - d. 1516)
di Nemours
10 Aug 1513 – 4 May 1519 Lorenzo II
de' Medici, (from
(b. 1492 – d. 1519)
1 Jun 1516) duca di Urbino
4 May 1519 –
19 Nov 1523 Giuliano Cardinale de'
Medici, (b. 1478 – d. 1534)
arcivescovo di Firenze
(elected Pope Clement VII on
19 Nov 1523)
19 Nov 1523 - 30 Jul 1524 Silvio di
Rosado Cardinale di (b.
1469 - d. 1529)
Passerini (acting)
30 Jul 1524 – 11 May
1527 Ippolito de'
Medici
(b. 1511 – d. 1535)
30 Jul 1524 - 11 May 1527 Silvio
di Rosado Cardinale di (s.a.)
Passerini -Regent
Gonfalonieri di giustizia
11 May 1527 - 1 Jul 1527
Francesco Antonio di Francesco (b. 1478 -
d. 1551)
Nori (1st time)
1 Jul 1527 - 17 Apr 1529 Niccolò di
Piero Capponi
(b. 1472 - d. 1529)
17 Apr 1529 - 1 Jan 1530 Francesco
di Niccolò Carducci (b. 1465 - d.
1530)
1 Jan 1530 - 1 Sep 1530
Raffaello Girolami
1 Sep 1530 - 1 Nov 1530
Giovanni di Bernardo Corsi
(b. 1472 - d.
1547)
1 Nov 1530 - 1 Jan 1531 Simone
di Filippo Tornabuoni (b. 1472 - d.
1543)
1 Jan 1531 - 1 Mar 1531
Raffaele di Francesco de' Medici (b. 1477 -
d.
1555)
1 Mar 1531 - 1 May 1531
Filippo di Alessandro Machiavelli (b. 1461 - d.
1547)
1 May 1531 - 1 Jul 1531
Lodovico di Iacopo Morelli
(b. 1456 - d.
1539)
1 Jul 1531 - 1 Sep 1531
Benedetto di Filippo Buondelmonti (b. 1481 - d.
1533)
1 Sep 1531 - 1 Nov 1531
Ottaviano di Lorenzo de' Medici (b.
1482 - d.
1546)
1 Nov 1531 - 1 Jan 1532
Antonio
Gualterotti
(b. 1459 - d. 1532)
1 Jan 1532 - 1 Mar 1532
Francesco Antonio di Francesco
(s.a.)
Nori (2nd time)
1 Mar 1532 - 1 May 1532
Giovanni Francesco de' Nobili
(b. 1480 - d. 1541)
Imperial Commandant
4 Aug 1530 - 6 Jul 1531
Ferrante Gonzaga
(b. 1507 - d. 1557)
Supreme Rulers of the City of Florence and its Domain
(Supremi Reggitori della città di Firenze e suo
dominio)
6 Jul 1531 – 6 Jan
1537 Alessandro di Lorenzo Medici
(b. 1510 – d. 1537)
"il Moro"
6 Jan 1537 - 9 Jan 1537 Innocenzo
di Francesco Cardinale (b. 1491 - d.
1550)
Cybo, arcivescovo
di Genova
(acting for absent Alessandro)
9 Jan 1537 - 20 Sep 1537
Cosimo di Giovanni Medici
(b. 1519 - d. 1574)
"il Grande"
Dukes¹
20 Sep 1537 - 18 Feb 1570 Cosimo I "il
Grande"
(s.a.)
11 Jun 1564 - 18 Feb 1570
Francesco Medici -Regent
(b. 1541 - d. 1587)
Grand Dukes¹
18 Feb 1570 – 21 Apr 1574 Cosimo
I "il Grande"
(s.a.)
18 Feb 1570 - 21
Apr 1574 Francesco Medici -Regent
(s.a.)
21 Apr 1574 – 20 Oct 1587 Francesco I
(s.a.)
20 Oct 1587 – 7 Feb 1609 Ferdinando
I
(b. 1549 – d. 1609)
7 Feb 1609 – 28 Feb
1621 Cosimo II
(b. 1590 – d. 1621)
28 Feb 1621 – 24 May 1670 Ferdinando II
(b. 1610 – d. 1670)
28 Feb 1621 - 14 Jul 1628 Regents
-
Cristina di Lorena (f)
(b. 1565 - d. 1637)
- Maria
Magdalena d'Austria (f) (b. 1589 - d. 1631)
24 May 1670 - 31 Oct 1723 Cosimo III
(b. 1642 - d. 1723)
31 Oct 1723 - 9 Jul 1737 Giovanni
Gastone
(b. 1671 - d. 1737)
9 Jul 1737
- 18 Aug 1765 Francesco
II
(b. 1708 - d. 1765)
(Holy Roman Emperor Franz I 13
Sep 1745 - 18 Aug 1765)
9 Jul 1737 - 18 Aug 1765
Regency Council
- Marc de Beauvau, principe
de (b. 1679 - d. 1754)
Craon (chairman 1737 - 1749)
- Déodat Emmanuel de Nay-Richecourt(b. 1694 - d. 1768)
(chairman 1749 - Apr 1757)
- Antonio
Botta-Adorno
(b. 1688 - d. 1774)
(chairman Sep 1757 - 1765)
18 Aug 1765 - 27 Jul 1790 Pietro Leopoldo
I
(b. 1747 - d. 1792)
(Holy Roman Emperor Leopold
II 30 Sep 1790 - 1 Mar 1792)
18 Aug 1765 - 28 Dec 1770 Franz
Xaver Wolfgang Fürst von (b.
1723 - d. 1796)
Orsini und Rosenberg
(chairman of Regency council)
20 Feb 1790 - 27 Jul 1790 Antonio
Serristori
(b. 1711 - d. 1796)
(chairman of Regency council)
27 Jul 1790 - 27 Mar 1799 Ferdinando III (1st
time)
(b. 1769 - d. 1824)
27 Jul 1790 - Mar 1791 Antonio
Serristori
(s.a.)
(chairman of Regency council)
Commissioner of the French Government
25 Mar 1799 - Jul 1799
Charles-Frédéric Reinhard
(b. 1761 - d.
1837)
President of the Provisional Government
27 Mar 1799 - 5 Jul 1799 Alessandro
Rivani
(b. 1746 - d. 1832)
6 May 1799 - 7 Jul 1799 Supreme
Deputies of Arezzo
(in anti-French rebellion)
- Benedetto Mancinotti
(head of civil government)
- Giovan Battista,
marchese di (b. 1761 - d.
1816)
Albergotti
(head of military government)
5 Jul 1799 - 7
Jul 1799 Senate of
Florence
- Cesare Gori
-
Andrea Ginori
- Federigo de'Ricci
Grand Duke¹
7 Jul 1799 - 15 Oct
1800 Ferdinando III (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(remained in Vienna, deposed by treaty 9 Feb 1801;
Elector of Salzburg 1803-05, Grand Duke of
Würzburg 1805-14)
8 Jul 1799 - 19 Jun 1800 Friedrich Franz
Xaver Prinz zu (b. 1757 - d. 1844)
Mil
Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Austria)
(general-general and
general commander of Tuscany)
19 Jun 1800 - 15 Oct 1800 Annibale, marchese di
Sommariva (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
Mil
(chairman of Regency council)
15 Oct 1800 - 27 Nov 1800 Grand-Ducal
Commission
- Giuseppe Francesco Pierallini (b.
1721 - d. 1805)
(1st time)
- Antonio Cercignani (1st time)
- Bernardo Lessi (1st time)
- Giulio Piombanti (1st time)
(b. 17.. - d. 1816)
27 Nov 1800 - 27 Mar 1801 Provisional
Government Junta
- Francesco Chiarenti
(b. 1766 - d. 1828)
- Enrico Pontelli
- Giovanni De Ghores
27 Mar 1801 - 3 Aug 1801 Grand-Ducal
Commission
- Giuseppe Francesco Pierallini
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
- Antonio Cercignani (2nd time)
- Bernardo Lessi (2nd time)
- Giulio Piombanti (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Kings¹
2 Aug 1801 - 27 May 1803
Ludovico I (arrived 12 Aug 1801) (b. 1773 -
d. 1803)
2 Aug 1801 - 12 Aug 1801
Cesare Ignazio Giovanni, conte (b. 1741 -
d. 1826)
Ventura (acting for absent Ludovico)
2 Jun 1802 - 27 May 1803 Maria
Luisa di Borbone (f) -Regent (b.
1782 - d. 1824)
(1st time)
27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Carlo Ludovico
II
(b. 1799 - d. 1883)
27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Maria Luisa di
Borbone (f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the Emperor
12 Dec 1807 - 12 May 1808 Honoré Charles
Michel Joseph (b.
1775 - d. 1860)
Reille
President of the Extraordinary Government Junta
12 May 1808 - 4 Feb 1809
Jacques-François de Menou, baron (b. 1750 -
d. 1810)
de
Boussay
Governor-general of
the Tuscan Departments
3 Mar 1809 - 1 Feb 1814 Elisa
Baciocchi Bonaparte,
(b. 1777 - d. 1820)
principessa di Lucca e Piombino
(with courtesy style of Granduchessa di
Toscana
[Grand Duchess of Tuscany])
Prefects of Arno département
1808
Alexandre Jacques Laurent Anisson, (b. 1776 - d. 1852)
comte de Anisson-Dupéron
21 Mar 1808 - Mar 1809 Jean
Jacques Racault de Reuilly (b. 1777 -
d. 1810)
16 Mar 1809 -
1814
Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet
(b. 1761 - d. 1834)
(from 4 Jun 1810, Jean Antoine
Joseph, baron Fauchet)
Prefects of Méditerranée département
25 Feb 1808 - 30 Nov 1810 Guillaume
Antoine Benoît Capelle, (b.
1775 - d. 1843)
(from
3 Dec 1809) baron Capelle
30 Nov 1810 -
1814
Michel Augustin de Goyon,
(b. 1764 - d. 1851)
baron de Goyon
Prefect of Ombrone département
25 Feb 1808 -
1814
Ange
Gandolfo
(b. 1755 - d. 18..)
(from
30 Sep 1811, Baron Ange Gandolfo)
Military General Commandant
of Tuscany
(commander-in-chief of the troops of Austria)
27 Apr 1814 - 1 May 1814 Anton Gundacker
Graf von (b. 1776 -
d. 1842)
Starhemberg
Grand Dukes¹
27 Apr 1814 - 18 Jun 1824 Ferdinando III
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
(returned
27 Sep 1814)
1 May 1814 - 25 Sep 1814 Giuseppe,
principe Rospigliosi
(b. 1755 - d. 1833)
(Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the Grand Duke)
18 Jun 1824 - 8 Feb 1849 Leopoldo II
(1st
time)
(b. 1797 - d. 1870)
(exiled
7 Feb 1849)
8 Feb 1849 - 18 Feb 1849 Provisional
Government
- Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (b.
1804 - d. 1873) Lib
-
Giuseppe Montanelli
(b. 1813 - d. 1862) Lib
-
Giuseppe Mazzoni
(b. 1808 - d. 1880) Lib
18 Feb 1849 - 28 Mar 1849 Provisional
Government of the
Roman Republic in Tuscany
- Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
(s.a.)
-
Giuseppe Montanelli
(s.a.)
Lib
-
Ferdinando Zannetti
(b. 1801 - d. 1881) Lib
Tuscan Provisional Executive Power
28 Mar 1849 - 6 May 1849 Francesco Domenico
Guerrazzi (b. 1804 - d.
1873) Lib
Grand Dukes¹
12 Apr 1849 - 21 Jul 1859 Leopoldo II (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(departed 27 Apr 1859, abdicated 21 Jul 1859;
unrecognized
by Provisional Government)
12 Apr 1849 - 6 May 1849
Government Commission of Tuscany
- Orazio Cesare Ricasoli
(b. 1782 -
d. 1865) Mod
(Primo Priore acting as Gonfalonier)
- Ubaldino Luigi Peruzzi (absent) (b. 1822 - d.
1891) Mod
- Gino, marchese
Capponi
(b. 1792 - d. 1876) Mod
- Luigi, conte Serristori
(b. 1793 - d. 1857) Mil
- Carlo Settimio
Torrigiani (b. 1807
- d. 1865) Mod
- Cesare Capoquadri
(b. 1790 - d. 1871) Mod
6 May 1849 - 28 Jul 1849 Luigi,
conte Serristori
(s.a.)
Mil
(Commissioner Extraordinary of the
Grand Duke)
27 Apr 1859 - 11 May 1859 Provisional
Government
- Ubaldino Luigi Peruzzi
(s.a.)
Lib
- Gaetano Vincenzo Malenchini
(b. 1813 - d. 1881) Lib
-
Alessandro Danzini
(b. 1825 - d.
1874) Lib
21 Jul 1859 - 16 Aug 1859 Ferdinando
IV
(b. 1835 - d. 1908)
(not recognized by the Provisional Government or
by
Sardinian administration; formally dispossessed
on 16
Aug 1859)
Sardinian Governor-general of the Associated (Allied)
Provinces of Central Italy
21 Dec 1859 - 22 Mar 1860 Carlo Bon Compagni di
Mombello (b. 1804 - d.
1880) Lib
Sardinian Extraordinary Commissioners
11 May 1859 - 1 Aug 1859 Carlo Bon
Compagni di Mombello
(s.a.)
Lib
1 Aug 1859 - 22 Mar 1860
Bettino Maria Giuseppe Pietro
(b. 1809 - d. 1880) Lib
Luigi Gaetano, barone Ricasoli
Sardinian Lieutenant of the King
in Tuscany
22 Mar 1860 - 23 Oct 1861 Eugenio
Emanuele di Savoia,
(b. 1816 - d. 1888)
principe di Carignano
Secretaries of State
1738 - May 1749
Marc de Beauvau, principe de Craon
(s.a.)
1749 - 1757
Déodat Emmanuel de Nay-Richecourt
(s.a.)
1757 - 1765
Antonio
Botta-Adorno
(s.a.)
1767 - 14 Sep 1776
Pompeo
Neri
(b. 1706 - d. 1776)
1777 - 1782
Angelo Tavanti
(b.
1714 - d. 1782)
1789 -
1790
Francesco Maria Gianni
(b. 1728 - d. 1821)
1790 - 1791
Antonio Serristori
(s.a.)
1791 - 1796
Federico, marchese Manfredini
(b. 1743 - d. 1829)
1796 - 1798
Francesco Seratti
(b. 1730 -
d. 1814)
Mar 1798 – 25 Mar 1799 Neri III,
principe
Corsini
(b. 1771 - d. 1845)
+
Vittorio, conte
Fossombróni (b. 1754 - d.
1844)
1799 -
1801
Vacant
Chief minister
24 Jul 1801 - 10 Dec 1807 Giulio Giuseppe Mozzi
del Garbo, (b. 1730 - d. 1813)
conte del Garbo
President of the Government
15 Sep 1814 - 13 Apr 1844 Vittorio, conte
Fossombróni (s.a.)
Secretaries of State
Apr 1844 - 25 Oct
1845 Neri III, principe
Corsini
(s.a.)
Oct 1845 - 4 Jun 1848
Francesco
Cempini
(b. 1775 – d. 1853)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
(Prime ministers)
4 Jun 1848 - 30 Jul 1848
Cosimo Pietro, marchese di Ridolfi (b. 1794 - d. 1865)
17 Aug 1848 - 27 Oct
1848 Gino, marchese Capponi (1st time)
(s.a.)
27 Oct 1848 - 8 Feb 1849 Giuseppe
Montanelli
(s.a.)
8 Feb 1849 - 11 Mar 1849 Vacant
11 Mar 1849 - 4 May 1849 Gino,
marchese Capponi (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 May 1849 - 27 Jul 1849 Vacant
27 Jul 1849 - 26 Apr 1859 Giovanni, conte
Baldasseroni (b.
1795 - d. 1876)
27 Apr 1859 - 1
Aug 1859 Vacant
1 Aug 1859 - 22 Mar 1860
Bettino Maria Giuseppe
Pietro (b. 1809 - d.
1880) Lib
Luigi Gaetano, barone Ricasoli
Governor-general
22 Mar 1860 - 23 Oct 1861
Bettino Maria Giuseppe
Pietro (s.a.)
Lib
Luigi Gaetano, barone Ricasoli
Austrian Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers
Plenipotentiary
(ministers plenipotentiary in Florence, Lucca, and
Modena 1820-1848)
10 Nov 1722 – 10
Sep 1726 Francesco Lisoni (1st time)
(chargé
d'affaires)
10 Sep 1726 – 18 Jun 1735 Girolamo, conte
di Caimo
9 Jul 1735 – 30 Apr 1743 Francesco
Lisoni (1st time)
(chargé d'affaires)
1743 – 1758
Vacant
4 Nov 1758 – 31 Dec 1769 Antoniotto
marchese Botta d'Adorno (b. 1688 - d. 1774)
(Anton Otto Botta-Adorno)
1765 –
1769
Vacant
22 Jan 1771 – 2 Jan 1773 Johann Josef
Graf von Wilczek (b. 1738
– d. 1819)
3 Jan 1773 – 11 Oct 1798 Josef Veigl
(chargé d'affaires)
11 Oct 1798 – 14 Oct 1800 Siegmund Veigl (chargé
d'affaires)
1800 -
1814
post abolished
24 Sep 1814 - 20 Apr 1815 Johann Anton Rudolf Graf
von (b. 1763 -
d. 1843)
Buol-Schauenstein
5 May 1815 - 12 May 1820 Anton
Apponyi Graf von Nagy-Apponyi(b. 1782 - d. 1852)
26 May 1820 – 1 Feb 1821 Karl Ludwig
Graf von Ficquelmont (b. 1777 - d. 1857)
1 Feb 1821 – 3 Oct 1830 Ludwig
Philipp Graf von Bombelles (b. 1780 – d. 1843)
3 Oct 1830 – 8 Jun 1832 Franz
Josef Graf Saurau
(b. 1760 – d. 1832)
22 Sep 1832 – 9 Jul 1836 Friedrich
Graf Senfft von Pilsach (b. 1774 - d. 1853)
9 Jul 1836 – 17 Apr 1842 Adam Graf
Reviczky von Revisnye (b. 1786 – d.
1862)
1842 – 1844
Karl Schnitzer von Meerau
(b. 1795 - d. 1854)
(1st time)(chargé d'affaires)
6 Oct 1844 – 28 Oct 1847 Philipp Roger
Freiherr von Neumann (b. 1781 – d. 1851)
28 Oct 1847 – 10 Apr 1848 Karl Schnitzer
von Meerau (s.a.)
(2nd time)(chargé d'affaires)
1848 -
1850
interruption of relations
20 Nov 1850 - 17 Jul 1860
Karl Freiherr von Hügel
(b. 1796 - d. 1870)
¹full style of the rulers:
(a) 20 Sep 1537 - 19 Jul 1557: Duca
di Firenze ("Duke of Forence");
(b) 19 Jul 1557 - 10 Feb 1570: Duca di
Firenze e di Siena ("Duke of Florence
and of Siena");
(c) 18 Feb 1570 - 7 Feb 1609: Gran Duca
di Toscana, di Fiorenza et di Siena Duca (Grand
Duke of Tuscany, of Florence and of Siena Duke");
(d) 7 Feb 1609 - 25 Mar 1799, 27 Jul 1790 - 25 Mar 1799,
7 Jul 1799 - 15 Oct 1800:
Gran Duca di Toscana ("Grand Duke of Tuscany");
(e) 2 Aug 1801 - 10 Dec 1807: Per la grazia
di Dio, Infante di Spagnia, Re di (della) Etruria e
Principe Ereditario di Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla
&c. &c. &c. ("By the grace of
God, Infant of Spain, King of Etruria and Hereditary
Prince of Parma, Placentia,
Guastalla, etc., etc., etc.");
(f) 27 Apr 1814 - 8 Feb 1849, 12
Apr 1849 - 16 Aug 1859: per grazia
di Dio Principe Imperiale d'Austria, Principe Reale
d'Ungheria, e di Boemia, Arciduca d'Austria, Granduca
di Toscana, ec. ec. ec. ("By the grace of
God, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of
Hungary, and of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke
of Tuscany, etc., etc., etc.").
Elba
|
|
![[Elba state flag under Napoleon,
1814-1815 (Italy)]](it-elba.gif "[Elba state flag under Napoleon,
1814-1815 (Italy)]")
![[Elba Tuscan
Merchant flag 1841-1860 (Tuscany, Italy)]](it_elba.gif "[Elba Tuscan Merchant flag 1841-1860
(Tuscany, Italy)]")
| Map of Elba |
Capital:
Portoferraio (Porto Ferrajo) |
Military: 900 (1814) | Population:
13,000 (1814) |
-
1016 -
1399
Part of Pisa.
- 3
Sep 1501 - Sep 1503 Papal rule
under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
- 8 Nov
1509
Piombino an immediate fiefdom
of the Holy Roman Empire, under
the suzerainty of Spain (from 1735, "Sicily" [Naples]). - Jun 1544 Island is attacked and stormed by Turks under Barbarossa.
- 22 Jun 1548 Emperor Charles V sells Piombino and part of Elba which overlooks
- the Gulf of Ferraia to Florence which founds Cosmopoli (from
- 1738 named Portoferraio).
- 24 Jul 1548 - 12 Aug 1552 Occupied by Spain.
- 1 Aug 1559 Lordship of Piombino restored and Elba is partitioned into three
- divisions: Florentine possession of Portoferraio is confirmed;
-
the Appiani dynasty confirmed as the Lords
of Piombino and
- and Elba in the interior; Spain (from 1735, "Sicily" [Naples]) is
- granted rights to fortify 'other Elban ports' as part of the
-
Stato dei Presidi,
which are subordinated to the Viceroy
in "Sicily" (Naples)(by treaty dated 29 May 1557). - 8 May 1602 Spanish occupy Longone (Porto Azzuro) to establish a fort in
- accordance with 1557 Treaty of London.
- 29 Oct 1646 - 15 Aug 1650 Porto Longone occupied by France.
- 1678 Forte Focardo completed at Porto Longone by Spain (named after
-
Ferdinando Gioacchino Foscardo di
Roquentes e Zuniga).
- 7 Mar 1714 Suzerainty over Spanish forts at Porto Longone granted to "Sicily"
- (Naples).
- 3 Oct 1735 Former Spanish forts formally ceded to Kingdom of "Sicily" (Naples).
- 9 Jul 1796 - 28 Apr 1797 British occupation of Porto Ferraio (Portoferraio) "Forte Inglese"
-
established at Fort San Giovanni.
- 29 Mar 1799 - 19 Jul 1799 French occupation of Portoferraio. The Neapolitan and Grand Ducal
- forts continue to resist.
- 9 Feb
1801
Tuscany and its possessions on Elba are ceded to
France by the
-
Treaty of Lunéville (ratified 16 Mar 1801).
- 28 Mar 1801 Elban and Neapolitan forts are ceded to France by "Sicily" (Naples).
- 2 May 1801 French invasion, Neapolitan forces evacuate Porto Longone (later
-
named Porto
Azzurro). Neapolitan portion of Elba and
almost all
-
the Tuscan region occupied, except Porto Ferrajo
(Portoferraio).
- 2 May 1801 - 4 Jun 1802
French siege of Porto Ferrajo (Portoferraio).
- 23 Jun 1801 - 10 Jun 1802 British occupy Porto Ferrajo (Portoferraio).
- 25 Mar 1802 Porto Ferrajo (Portoferraio), the remaining (Tuscan) fort on Elba,
- ceded to France (the fort itself continues to resist until 4 Jun
-
1802). British evacuate (on 10 Jun
1802) by the Peace of Amiens
-
(signed 1 Oct 1801).
- 26 Aug 1802 Elba annexed to France (as département Île d'Elba).
- 3
Mar
1809
Attached to Government-general of Tuscany (as a
sub-prefecture).
1811 - 1814
Part of département
Méditerranée (as
arrondissement de Porto- - 11 Apr
1814
Elba given to French ex-emperor Napoléon I as
sovereign principality
-
(including Capraia, Gorgona, and Montecristo islands)
by the
-
Congress of Vienna.
- 4 May 1815 Napoléon takes possession.
- 26 Feb 1815 Napoléon abandons Elba for France, beginning the "100 days." Elba
-
part of Napoléon's
France.
- 25 Mar 1815 The Allies declare Napoleon's sovereignty over Elba ended, but
-
French
administration continues.
- 9 Jun 1815 Ceded to Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna.
- 29 Jun 1815
Anglo-Tuscan fleet
forces French garrison to sign an armistice.
- 2
Sep 1815
Tuscany takes possession (French garrison
departs 6 Sep 1815).
13 Oct 1815 Elba incorporated into Tuscany. - 17 Sep
1943 - 18 Jun 1944 Occupied by Germany.
1290 - 1311 Occupied by Genoa.
18 Feb 1399 Lordship of Piombino created when Gherardo d'Appiano sells Pisa
to Milan, but retains Piombino and islands of Elba, Montecristo,
and Pianosa.
Ferraio).
Lords
1 Aug 1559 - 28 Mar 1801 the Lords (from 1594 Princes) of Piombino
Governors of the Tuscan forts at Portoferraio
1547 - 26 Sep 1552 Signorotto (Otto) di Montauto (d. 1552)
1553 - 1557 Angolo (Angiolo) Guicciardini
1557 - 1559 Domenico di Jacopo Attavanti
1559 - 1563 Baldinaccio Martellini
1563 - 1564 Pandolfo Benvenuti
1564 - 1566 Giovanni Battista di Piero Venturi
1566 - 1569 Giovanni Battista d'Alamanno Medici
1569 - 1572 Lunetto Attavanti
1572 - 1575 Vincenzo di Simona del Benino
(1st time)
1575 - 1578 Bernardo di Lutozzo Nasi
1578 - 1581 Domenico di Guido Mellini
1581 - 1584 Paolo di Tommasno Sestini
1584 - 1587 Raimondo di Francesco Mannelli
1587 - 1588 Simone d'Agnolo Amidei
1588 - 1590 Simone di Dinozzo Lippi
1590 - 1593 Galeazzo di Antonio Taddei
1593 - 1594 Vincenzo di Simona del Benino
(2nd time)
1594 - 1597 Francesco di Leonardo Busini
1597 - 1600 Tommaso Barbadori
1600 - 1603 Antonio di Lorenzo Buondelmonti
1603 - 1607 Carlo di Jacopo Fortunati
1607 - 1610 Baccio Frescobaldi
1610 - 1613 Giuliano di Girolamo Capponi
1613 - 1616 Fabio di Giuliano Guidi
1616 - 1617 Cosimo di Francesco Medici
1617 - 17 Mar 1631 Orazio Borbone, marchese (d. 1631)
di Sorbello
1631 - c.1638 Amerigo Attavanti
c.1638 - 1644 Marzio da Montauto
1644 - 1645 Ferdiando Suarez
1645 - 1651 Paolo Cansacchi
1651 - 1653 Pietro Grifoni
1653 - 1655 Raffaello Conversini (1st time)
1655 - 1658 Frà Tommaso Serristori (interim)
1658 - 1672 Raffaello Conversini (2nd time)
1672 - 1678 Dionisio Squarci (interim)
1678 - 1681 Agostino Borghesi (interim)
1681 - 1683 Pietro Paolo Nardi (interim)
1683 - 1684 Alfonso Maria Bracciolini
1684 - 1687 Amerigo Attavanti
1687 - 1701 Mario Tornaquinci
1701 - 1702 Benedetto Guerrini
1702 - 1709 Alessandro barone del Nero (b. 1652 - d. 1735)
1709 - 27 Dec 1720 Girolamo marchese Niccolini (d. 1720)
1720 - 1721 Gaetano Buonsolazzi (interim)
1721 - 1726 Carlo Vieri (d. 1726)
1726 - 1730 Luigi de Ant.' de' Bardi
(interim)
1730 - 1735 Giovanni Vincenzo Corresi del
Bruno
1735 Diego Mody
1735 - 1736 Giovanni D'Osea
1736 - 1737 Raimondo de Burk
1737 - 1740 Cristiano Holtrapo
21 Feb 1741 - 1746 barone Lorenzo Africano Henart
Nov 1746 - Aug 1773 Leopoldo di Villanova (d. 1773)
(Léopold de Villeneuve)
Aug 1773 - 28 Sep 1773 Carlo Filippo Rocchi (acting)
28 Sep 1773 - 2 Sep 1782 Carlo Langhen
2 Sep 1782 - 1792 Paolo Bricchieri
1792 - 1796 Georg Anton Freiherr Knesevich (b. 1733 - d. 1805)
9 Jul 1796 - 28 Apr 1797 John Duncan -British commander
1796 - 29 Mar 1799 Francesco Solerino
29 Mar 1799 - 4 Apr 1799 Raphin -French commander
4 Apr 1799 - 30 Jun 1799 Pierre François Montserrat (b. 1758 - d. 1820)
(Mont Serraz) -French commander
Apr 1799 - Jul 1799 Luigi Lambardi -French governor
30 Jun 1799 - 19 Jul 1799 Jacques Michel (b. 1759 - d. 18..)
Ferrent -French commander
19 Jul 1799 - 1800 Antonio de Ferrà
Sep 1800 - 4 Jun 1802 Carlo de Fisson (b. 1742 - d. 1811)
(or Filsen/Fixon)
2 May 1801 - 1801 Jean Victor Tharreau (b. 1767 - d. 1812)
Aug 1801 - 10 Jun 1802 George Airey -British commander(b. 1761 - d. 1833)
Portoferraio Gonfalonieri
1783 - 1784 Francesco Gasparri
1784 - 1785 Giuseppe Bettarini
1785 - 1786 Paolo Giuseppe Faleni
1786 - 1787 Sebastiano Lapi
1787 - 1788 Dionisio Squarci
1788 Michele Ninci
1788 - 1790 Per Giovanni Castelli
1790 - 1791 Domenico Squarci
1791 - 1792 Innocenzo Gazzi
1792 - 1793 Giuseppe Manganaro (1st time)
1793 - 1794 Giovanni Antonio Raffaelli
1794 - 1796 Giuseppe Coppi
1796 - 1797 Francesco Polidori (1st time)
1797 - 1798 Giuseppe Manganaro (2nd time)
1798 - 1799 Gio Batta Alieti
1799 - 1800 Marc 'Antonio Celebrini
1800 - 1801 Francesco Polidori (2nd time)
1801 - 1802 Cosimo Gasparri
Castellanos of Spanish (from 3 Oct 1735, Neapolitan) forts at Porto Longone
(subordinated to the governors of Stato dei Presidi)
1602 - c.1606 José Ponce de Léon
c.1618 Antonio de Parédes
c.1636 José de España
16.. - 29 Oct 1646 Alfonso Covello de Ribera
1646 - 1650 Jacques Brachet (d. 1659)
(French Intendant des finances for Piombino and Portolongone)
1646 - Mar 1648 Godefroy, comte d'Estrades (b. 1607 - d. 1686)
(French governor for Piombino and Porto Longone)
1649 - 15 Jul 1650 Melchior de la Tour de
Noaillac -French governor
16.. - 16.. Alfonso de Monroy (d. 1668)
c.1671 - c.1673 Juan de Medina
c.1678 Ferdinando Gioacchino Foscardo
di Roquentes e Zuniga, marchese
e generale del Regno di Napoli
c.1683 - 1696 Juan Manuel de Sotomayor
1697 - .... Joseph Alava
c.1700 - 1710 Tomás Francisco Pinel y Monroy
1710 - Nov 1714 Juan Estebán Bellet
(or Billet/Velet/Villart)
Dec 1714 - Oct 1715 conde de Montemar (interim)
1715 - 1716 Juan Esteban Bellet
1716 - c.Oct 1718 Jacinto de Pozobueno, marqués (b. 1659 - d. 1729)
de Pozobueno
(Pozzobueno/Possobueno)
Apr/May 1721 - c.1722 Diego de Alarcón
172. - 17.. Diego Antonio Marriguez
1737 - 1743 Charles Thibaut, comte de (d. 1746)
Dongelberg (or Dongelberghe)
17.. - 1766 Louis François Henri de Menon, (b. 1717 - d. 1776)
marquis de Turbilly
c.1766 Claudio Amat Poulet
c.1769 Schorni
c.1797 - May 1799 Vincenzo Dentice (b. 1741 - d. 1818)
May 1799 - May 1801 Marcello di Gregorio (Gregorì)
(of Porto Longone)
af.Jun 1800 - 1801 Amédée Willot, comte de (b. 1755 - d. 1823)
Granprez (governor of Elba)
Commissioners-general for Elba, Capraia, Pianosa, Montecristo and Palmaiola
29 Aug 1801 - Sep 1802 Pierre Joseph Briot (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1827)
Sep 1802 - 13 Apr 1803 Claude Hugues Lelièvre (b. 1752 - d. 1835)
13 Apr 1803 - Jan 1804 Pierre Joseph Briot (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1804 - Nov 1810 Giovanni Battista Galeazzini (b. 1759 - d. 1833)
Nov 1810 - 1811 Jean-Baptiste Dominique Rusca (b. 1759 - d. 1814)
Portoferraio Maires
1802 - 1804 Vincenzo Vantini
1805 - 1813 Pietro Giuseppe Cristiano Lapi (b. 1766 - d. 1854)
30 May 1813 - 1815 Pietro Traditi (b. 17.. - d. 1826)
Commanders of the Elba National Guard
Dec 1801 - 29 May 1805 Jean-Baptiste Dominique Rusca (s.a.)
1805 - 1809 Pierre François Joseph Durutte (b. 1767 - d. 1827)
8 Mar 1809 - 15 May 1810 Hubert Callier (b. 1764 - d. 1819)
15 May 1810 - Oct 1810 Jean Jacques Dazémar (b. 1757 - d. 1816)
24 Oct 1810 - 4 May 1814 Jean-Baptiste, baron Dalesme (b. 1763 - d. 1832)
Sovereign¹
4 May 1814 - 30 Jul 1815 Napoléon I (Napoléon Bonaparte)(b. 1769 - d. 1821)
(departs 26 Feb 1815)
Governors
4 May 1814 - Jun 1815 Antoine, comte Drouot (b. 1774 - d. 1847)
(left 26 Feb 1815)
26 Feb 1815 - Jun 1815 Pietro Giuseppe Cristiano Lapi (s.a.)
(president of the provisional junta)
Jun 1815 - 2 Sep 1815 Jean-Baptiste, baron Dalesme (s.a.)
Tuscan Extraordinary Commissioner
2 Sep 1815 - 1816 Conte Luigi Agostino Fantoni (b. 1777 - d. 1847)
Minister Secretary of State (and
Grand Marshal of the Palace)
4 May 1814 - 26 Feb 1815 Henri
Gatien, comte Bertrand (b. 1773 - d. 1844)
Commissioners of the Allied Powers at Elba (for
Napoléon)
4 May 1814 - 28 Apr 1815 Neil
Campbell
(U.K.)
(b. 1776 - d. 1827)
(absent 17-28 Feb 1815)
+ Franz Freiherr von Koller (b. 1762
- d. 1826)
(Austria)(remained to .. May 1814)
+ Friedrich Ludwig
Graf (b.
1776 - d. 1844)
Truchsess von Waldburg
(Prussia)(did not go to Elba)
+ Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov (b. 1774 - d.
1823)
(Schouvaloff)(Russia)
(did not go to Elba)
¹full style of the ruler 4 May 1814 - 30 Jul 1815 (in French): Souverain de l'Île d'Elbe; (in Italian): Signore dell'Elba ("Sovereign of Elba").
Stato dei Presidi (State of the Presidios)
|
|
(to 1707); Porto Longone (from 1707) |
(1790) |
29 May
1557
Spanish possession of Porto Santo Stefano,
Orbetello,
Talamone and Porto Ercole as Stato dei
Reali Presidi di Spagna
confirmed by Treaty of London; subordinated
to the Spanish
Viceroy of Kingdom of "Sicily" (Naples).
3 Jul 1557
Spanish
possession confirmed.
8 May 1602 - 9 Feb 1801
Porto Longone on Elba part of
the Stato dei Presidi.
9 May 1646
- 20 Jul 1650 French occupation of Porto Santo,
Talamone and also from
30 Oct 1646, Porto Longone.
24 Dec 1707 - 7 Mar 1714
Occupied by Imperial forces under Austria.
7 Mar
1714
Austrian possession confirmed by Treaty of Rastatt.
3 Oct 1735
Stato dei Presidi (Presidi della Toscana)
subordinated to
Kingdom
of "Sicily" (Naples).
14 Jul
1796
Ferdinando IV of "Sicily" (Naples) decrees the Stato
dei Presidi
suppressed (not effected).
15 Oct 1800 - 22 Nov 1801 Occupied by France.
28 Mar
1801
Ceded to France
by "Sicily" (Naples), by Treaty of Lunéville
(ratified 16 Mar 1801).
2 Aug 1801
Incorporated into Kingdom of Etruria (see
Tuscany).
22 Nov 1801
Separate
administration terminated.
3 Feb 1814 - 15 Sep 1814 Occupied
by "Sicily" (Naples).
27 Apr
1814
Incorporated into Tuscany.
Governors of Stato di Presidi
(subordinated to the Viceroy of Naples to 1707)
1557 - 1801
the Vicars-general of
the Tuscan Presidios
Castellanos of Orbetello
and Talamone
(subordinated to the governors of the Stato dei
Presidi)
1557 - 1574
Blas de Vargas
(d. 1574)
28 Sep 1574 - 1584
Cristóbal de Ezpeleta y Aguerre
(d. 1584)
1584 -
1593
Francisco de Montes de Oca y Meneses (b.
c.1526 - d. 1593)
1593 - 1601
Martin Fernández Ceron
(d. c.1606)
1601 - 1608
Juan Chasco
(d. c.1608)
1605 -
1617
Egidio Nuñez Orejón
(d. 1618)
1618 - 1624
Mateo de Otáñez
Mota
(b. 1568 - d. 1628)
1625 - 1627
Martin de Arostegui y Marañón
de (d. 1627)
la Peña
1628 - 1635
Sebastián de Culebro
1635 - 1646
Martin de Berrio y
Angulo
(b. c.1603 - d. 1650?)
1646 -
1652
Pedro de la Puente y Hurtado de Ulloa, (b.
c.1605 - d. 1667)
barón de Reiffenberg
1652 - 1656
Pablo de Castelló
y de
Puig
(b. c.1614 - d. ....)
1656 - 1666
Cristóbal Velázquez
de Carvajal, (d.
1666)
señor de Almazquilla
1666 - 1674
Juan Flores de Quiñones
1674 - 1675
José Espluga y
Juste
(b. c.1618 - d. 1697)
1675 - 1688
....
24 Nov 1688 - 1689
Juan Gomez de Enterría y Noriega
(b. 1636 - d. 1695)
Apr 1689 - 1698
Pedro de Meneses
1698 - 1712
Bartolomé Espejo y
Vera (1st time)
1712? - 1714
António Luís de Sousa, conde de
Prado, (b. 1644 - d. 1721)
marqués
das Minas
1714? -
1734
Bartolomé Espejo y Vera (2nd time)
1734 - 28 Jun
1735
Johann Ernst Freiherr von Braitwiz
(acting for Espejo y Vera)
1735 - 1736
de las Minas
1736 - 1737
Isidoro Garma de la Puente
1737 – 1742
Carlo Blom (Bion)
(d. 1742)
17.. - 17..
Placido de Sangro, duca di
Torremaggiore
c.1742
Charles Ball
c.1764
Francesco, conte Masi
c.1764 - 13 Dec 1765
marquis de Turbilly (acting)
(d. 1765)
1771 - 177.
Josef Karl von Schorno
(b.
1706 - d. 1775)
1773 - 1779
Salvatore Gomez Paloma,
marchese (b. 1715 -
d. 1779)
dell'Olivera
1779 - 22 Nov 1801
....
Castellanos of Porto Longone
(on Elba)
8 May 1602 - 1707
see under Elba
Siena
|
|
![[Republic of
Siena flag, c.1246 - 1555, 1557-1559 (Italy)]](it-si-si.gif "[Republic of Siena flag, c.1246 - 1555,
1557-1559 (Italy)]")
|
|
|
|
1125
Republic of Siena (Repubblica di Siena).
1186
Republic recognized
by Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa.
1224
Grosseto annexed.
15 Aug 1270 - 127.
Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
6 Sep 1399 -
1404
Occupied by Milan.
22 Jul 1487
Lordship of Siena,
under the Petrucci family.
1525
Republic of Siena (restored); the Petrucci
are exiled.
1548 -
1552
Spanish occupation.
21 Apr 1555 - 3 Jul 1557 Occupied by
Florence.
21 Apr 1555 - 3 Apr 1559 Republic of
Siena continues in rebellion, at Montalcino.
3 Jul 1557
Ceded to Tuscany by Spain
(effective 19 Jul 1557), with Spain
retaining some coastal territories as Stato dei Presidi.
Lords (title Primus
di Siena)
22 Jul 1487 - 21 May
1512 Pandolfo
Petrucci
(b. 1452 - d. 1512)
21 May 1512 - Mar 1516
Borghese Petrucci
(b. 1490 - d. 1526)
Mar 1516 - 11 Dec
1522 Raffaello
Petrucci
(b. 1472 -
d. 1522)
1522 - 1523
Francesco
Petrucci
(d. 1523)
1523 -
1525
Fabio Petrucci
Captains of the People (title
Capitani del Popolo)
1 Jan 1525 – 28 Feb 1525 Giovan
Battista Piccolomini
1 Mar 1525 – 30 Apr 1525 Giovanni di
Gabriello Tegliacci
1 May 1525 – 30 Jun 1525 Girolamo di
Ghino Bandinelli (1st time)
1 Jul 1525 – 31 Aug 1525 Girolamo di
Francesco Guglielmi
1 Sep 1525 – 31 Oct 1525 Giovanni
Battista di ser Mino
Tricerchi
1 Nov 1525 – 31 Dec 1525 Guido di
Tommaso Bandinelli
1 Jan 1526 – 28 Feb 1526 Antonio
Maria di Bandino Tommasi
1 Mar 1526 – 30 Apr 1526 Bernardino
di Filippo Boninsegni
(1st time)
1 May 1526 – 30 Jun 1526 Girolamo di
Lodovico Marcobindi
1 Sep 1526 – 4 Sep 1526
Francesco di Bartolomeo Salvani
1 Nov 1526 – 31 Dec 1526 Girolamo di
Ventura Venturini
1 Jan 1527 – 28 Feb 1527 Antonio di
Pietrino Bollanti
1 Mar 1527 – 30 Apr 1527 Giovanni di
Petroccio Scotti
1 May 1527 – 30 Jun 1527 Mariano di
ser Iacopo Umidi (1st time)
1 Jul 1527 – 31 Aug 1527 Girolamo di
Musciatto Cerretani
1 Sep 1527 – 31 Oct 1527 Girolamo di
Bartolomeo Landucci
1 Nov 1527 – 31 Dec 1527 Bernardino
di Francesco Boninsegni
(1st time)
1 Jan 1528 – 29 Feb 1528 Sigismondo
di Lodovico Docci (1st time)
1 Mar 1528 – 30 Apr 1528 Cristoforo
di Francesco Luti
1 May 1528 – 30 Jun 1528 Giulio di
Ambrogio Spannocchi
1 Jul 1528 – 31 Aug 1528 Alessandro
di Andrea Piccolomini
(1st time)
1 Sep 1528 – 31 Oct 1528 Pio di
Antonio Orlandi
1 Nov 1528 – 31 Dec 1528 Francesco di
Carlo Tolome
1 Jan 1529 – 28 Feb 1529 Giovanni di
Angelo Palmieri (1st time)
1 Mar 1529 – 30 Apr 1529 Bernardino
di Niccolò Benvoglienti
1 May 1529 – 30 Jun 1529 Niccolò di
Lodovico Piccolomini
1 Jul 1529 – 31 Aug 1529 Galgano di
Giovanni Fondi
1 Sep 1529 – 31 Oct 1529 Alessandro
di Magio Ugurgieri (1st time)
1 Nov 1529 – 31 Dec 1529 Giovanni
Battista di ser
Bernardino Politi
1 Jan 1530 – 28 Feb 1530 Bernardino
di Filippo Boninsegni
(2nd time)
1 Mar 1530 – 30 Apr 1530 Giovan
Battista di Niccolò
Piccolomini (1st time)
1 May 1530 – 30 Jun 1530 Angelo di
Pietro Baldi (1st time)
1 Jul 1530 – 31 Aug 1530 Antonio di
Girolamo Vecchi
1 Sep 1530 – 31 Oct 1530 Niccolò di
Musciatto Cerretani (1st time)
1 Nov 1530 – 31 Dec 1530 Mariano di
ser Iacopo Umidi (2nd time)
1 Jan 1531 – 26 Feb 1531 Ambrogio di
Quirico Nuti (1st time)
1 Mar 1531 – 30 Apr 1531 Battista di
maestro Pietro Tinelli
1 May 1531 – 30 Jun 1531
Bernardino di Francesco Boninsegni
(2nd
time)
1 Jul 1531 – 31 Aug 1531 Andrea di
Giorgio Tricerchi (1st time)
1 Sep 1531 – 31 Oct 1531 Mario di
Salustio Bandini
1 Nov 1531 – 31 Dec 1531 Niccolò di
Giovanni Franceschi
1 Jan 1532 – 29 Feb
1532 Bartolomeo di maestro Boninsegna
Boninsegni
1 Mar 1532 – 30 Apr
1532 Rinaldo di Celidonio Agazzari
1 May 1532 – 30 Jun 1532
Girolamo di ser Giovanni
Paccinelli (2nd time)
1 Jul 1532 – 31 Aug 1532 Mariano di
Giovanni Venturi
1 Sep 1532 – 31 Oct 1532
Girolamo di Regolo Massaini
1 Nov 1532 - 3 Dec 1532 Carlo
di Domenico Rocchi (1st time)
1 Jan 1533 – 28 Feb 1533 Alessandro
di Andrea Piccolomini
(2nd time)
1 Mar 1533 – 30 Apr 1533 Bartolomeo
di Antonio Saracini
1 May 1533 – 2 Jun 1533
Agostino di Francesco Bardi (1st time)
1 Jul 1533 – 31 Aug 1533 Angelo di
Placido Placidi
1 Sep 1533 – 31 Oct 1533 Camillo di
Lorenzo Venturini (1st time)
1 Nov 1533 – 31 Dec 1533 Orlando di
Rinaldo Marescotti
(1st time)
1 Mar 1534 - 30 Apr 1534 Giulio di
Pietro de Santi
1 May 1534 – 30 Jun 1534 Lodovico di
ser Bernardino Politi
1 Jul 1534 – 31 Aug 1534 Giovan
Battista di Niccolò
Piccolomini (2nd time)
1 Sep 1534 – 31 Oct 1534 Francesco di
Luca Vieri (1st time)
1 Nov 1534 – 31 Dec 1534 Giovanni di
Agostino Pini
1 Jan 1535 – 24 Feb 1535 Antonio
Paccinelli
1 Mar 1535 – 30 Apr 1535 Giovanni di
Angelo Ugurgieri
1 May 1535 – 30 Jun 1535 Niccolò di
Amerigo Amerighi (2nd time)
1 Jul 1535 – 31 Oct 1535 Carlo di
Agostino Pini
1 Sep 1535 – 31 Oct 1535 Iacopo di
Niccolò Ugolini
1 Nov 1535 – 31 Dec 1535 Rinaldo, conte
di Tolomei
1 Jan 1536 – 29 Feb 1536 Alberto di
Bartolomeo Luti (1st time)
1 Mar 1536 – 30 Apr 1536 Angelo di Francesco
Tancredi
1 May 1536 – 30 Jun 1536 Sigismondo di
Lodovico Docci (2nd time)
1 Jul 1536 – 30 Aug 1536 Guidantonio di
Giovanni Salvani
1 Sep 1536 – 31 Oct 1536 Alessandro di
Angelo Gabrielli
1 Nov 1536 – 31 Dec 1536 Bartolomeo di
Lorenzo Griffoli (1st time)
1 Jan 1537 – 28 Feb 1537 Girolamo di
Lodovico Docci
1 Mar 1537 – 28 Apr 1537 Angelo di Ugo
Ugurgieri
1 May 1537 – 30 Jun 1537 Alessandro di
Stefano Taia
1 Jul 1537 – 21 Aug 1537 Iacopo di Placido
Placidi (1st time)
1 Sep 1537 – 31 Oct 1537 Preziano di Niccolo
Costanti (1st time)
1 Nov 1537 – 31 Dec 1537 Antonio di Niccolò
Fantoni (1st time)
1 Jan 1538 – 28 Feb 1538 Giustiniano di
Francesco Nelli
1 Mar 1538 – 30 Apr 1538 Carlo di Giovanni
Sermini
1 May 1538 – 30 Jun 1538 Bernardino di
Francesco Boninsegni
(3rd time)
1 Jul 1538 – 29 Aug 1538 Iacopo di Francesco
Patrizi
1 Sep 1538 – 31 Oct 1538 Niccolò di Achille
Sergardi
1 Nov 1538 – 31 Dec 1538 Caterino di
Caterino Marescotti
1 Jan 1539 – 28 Feb 1539 Pietro di Giovanni
Ballati
1 Mar 1539 – 30 Apr 1539 Giovanni Maria di
Agostino Pini
1 May 1539 – 30 Jun 1539 Alfonso
Piccolomini, duca di Amalfi
1 Jul 1539 – 18 Aug 1539 Antonio di Niccolò
Fantoni (2nd time)
1 Sep 1539 – 31 Oct 1539 Anselmo di Simone
Simoni
1 Nov 1539 – 31 Dec 1539 Carlo di Domenico
Rocchi (2nd time)
1 Jan 1540 – 28 Feb 1540 Iacopo di ser
Guglielmo Tantucci
1 Mar 1540 – 30 Apr 1540 Mariano Spannocchi
1 May 1540 – 30 Jun 1540 Agostino di
Francesco Bardi (2nd time)
1 Jul 1540 – 31 Aug 1540 Iacopo di Placido
Placidi (2nd time)
1 Sep 1540 – 31 Oct 1540 Camillo di Lorenzo
Venturini (2nd time)
1 Nov 1540 – 31 Dec 1540 Orlando di Rinaldo
Marescotti
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1541 – 28 Feb 1541 Pietro di Niccolò
Benassi
1 Mar 1541 – 30 Apr 1541 Angelo conte di
Bulgarini
1 May 1541 – 30 Jun 1541 Giovanni di Angelo
Palmieri (2nd time)
1 Jul 1541 – 31 Aug 1541 Alessandro di Magio
Ugurgieri (2nd time)
1 Sep 1541 – 31 Oct 1541 Francesco di Luca
Vieri (2nd time)
1 Nov 1541 – 31 Dec 1541 Carlo di Agostino
Pini
1 Jan 1542 – 27 Feb 1542 Preziano di Niccolò
Costanti (2nd time)
1 Mar 1542 – 30 Apr 1542 Niccolò di
Musciatto Cerretani (2nd time)
1 May 1542 – 28 Jun 1542 Bernardino di
Filippo Boninsegni
(3rd time)
1 Jul 1542 – 8 Aug 1542 Cesare di
Leonardo Marsili (1st time)
1 Sep 1542 – 31 Oct 1542 Girolamo di Goro
Gori
1 Nov 1542 – 31 Dec 1542 Pierantonio
Allegretti
1 Jan 1543 – 28 Feb 1543 Niccolò di Amerigo
Amerighi (1st time)
1 Mar 1543 – 29 Apr 1543 Andrea di Giorgio
Tricerchi (2nd time)
1 May 1543 – 30 Jun 1543 Ambrogio di Quirico
Nuti (2nd time)
1 Jul 1543 – 29 Aug 1543 Guido di Tommaso
Bandinelli (1st time)
1 Sep 1543 – 11 Oct 1543 Antonio di Lorenzo
Beccafumi
1 Nov 1543 – 31 Dec 1543 Bartolomeo di
Lorenzo Griffoli (2nd time)
1 Jan 1544 – 28 Feb 1544 Angelo di Pietro
Baldi (2nd time)
1 Mar 1544 – 30 Apr 1544 Angelo di Giovanni
Malavolti
(1st time)
1 May 1544 – 30 Jun 1544 Antonio di Pio
Orlandi
1 Jul 1544 – 31 Aug 1544 Girolamo di Ghino
Bandinelli (2nd time)
1 Sep 1544 – 3 Oct 1544 Guglielmo di
Angelo Palmieri
1 Nov 1544 – 31 Dec 1544 Giovanni di Angelo
Azzolini
Ugurgieri
1 Jan 1545 – 28 Feb 1545 Antonio di Girolamo
Vecchi
1 Mar 1545 – 30 Apr 1545 Giovanni di
Bartolomeo Pecci
1 May 1545 – 30 Jun 1545 Girolamo di ser
Giovanni
Paccinelli (1st time)
1 Jul 1545 – 31 Aug 1545 Girolamo di Niccolò
Piccolomini
Mandoli
1 Sep 1545 – 31 Oct 1545 Alberto di
Bartolomeo Luti (2nd time)
1 Nov 1545 – 31 Dec 1545 Sigismondo di
Iacopo Armalei
1 Jan 1546 – 23 Feb 1546 Giovan Battista di
Mariano Umidi
1 Mar 1546 – 30 Apr 1546 Antonio di
Bonaventura Gallerani
(1st time)
1 May 1546 – 30 Jun 1546 Francesco di
Antonio Savini
1 Jul 1546 – 7 Aug 1546 Lodovico
Marcobindi
1 Nov 1546 – 31 Dec 1546 Giovanni conte di
Bonsignori
1 Jan 1547 – 28 Feb 1547 Cesare di Mariano
Umidi
1 Mar 1547 – 30 Apr 1547 Marcantonio di
Girolamo Vecchi
1 May 1547 – 30 Jun 1547 Iacopo di
Bartolomeo Ragnoni
1 Jul 1547 – 31 Aug 1547 Adriano di
Alessandro Franci
1 Sep 1547 – 31 Oct 1547 Agostino di
Francesco Bardi (3rd time)
1 Nov 1547 – 31 Dec 1547 Mariano di Giovanni
Finetti
1 Jan 1548 – 29 Feb 1548 Niccolò di Leonardo
Benvoglienti
1 Mar 1548 – 30 Apr 1548 Alessandro di
Niccolò Finetti (1st time)
1 May 1548 – 25 Jun 1548 Girolamo di Andrea
Spannocchi
1 Jul 1548 – 31 Aug 1548 Alberto di
Bartolomeo Luti (3rd time)
1 Sep 1548 – 31 Oct 1548 Guido di Tommaso
Bandinelli (2nd time)
1 Nov 1548 – 28 Feb 1549 Ambrogio di Quirico
Nuti (3rd time)
1 Mar 1549 – 30 Apr 1549 Antonio di
Bonaventura Gallerani
(2nd time)
1 May 1549 – 6 May 1549 Damiano di
Cristoforo Damiani (1st time)
1 Jul 1549 – 31 Aug 1549 Alfonso di Antonio
Cinughi
1 Sep 1549 – 31 Oct 1549 Anton Maria di
maestro Luca Vaiari
1 Nov 1549 – 31 Dec 1549 Alessandro di
Aldobrandino Nini
1 Jan 1550 - 27 Feb 1550 Marcantonio di
Mariano Zondadari
1 Mar 1550 – 30 Apr 1550 Cristoforo di
Antonio Capacci
1 Jul 1550 – 18 Aug 1550 Antonio di Niccolò
Fantoni (3rd time)
1 Sep 1550 – 31 Oct 1550 Antonio di Mariano
Vecchi
1 Nov 1550 – 31 Dec 1550 Sigismondo di
Iacopo Amalei
1 Jan 1551 – 18 Jan 1551 Niccolò di Luca
Martini
1 Mar 1551 – 30 Apr 1551 Orlando di Rinaldo
Marescotti
(3rd time)
1 May 1551 – 7 May 1551 Ferrando di
Bernardino Benvoglienti
1 Jul 1551 – 31 Aug 1551 Andrea di Giorgio
Tricerchi (3rd time)
1 Sep 1551 – 13 Oct 1551 Tommaso di Girolamo
Docci
3 Nov 1551 – 31 Dec 1551 Guidantonio di
Bonsignore Piccolomini
1 Jan 1552 – 29 Feb 1552 Pietro di Niccolò
Benassai
1 Mar 1552 – 30 Apr 1552 Bulgarino di
Alberto Bulgarini
1 May 1552 – 30 Jun 1552 Mario di Pieranonio
Cacciaguerri
1 Jul 1552 – 30 Aug 1552 Angelo di Giovanni
Malavolti (2nd time)
1 Sep 1552 – 31 Oct 1552 Bartolomeo di
maestro Boninsegna
Boninsegni
1 Nov 1552 - 31 Dec 1552 Cesare di Leonardo
Marsili (2nd time)
1 Jan 1553 – 31 Mar 1553 Giulio da Giovanni
di Francesco Salvi
1 Apr 1553 – 30 Jun 1553 Giulio di Giovan
Francesco Salvi
+ Marcello di Giovanni Tegliacci
1 Jul 1553 – 30 Sep 1553 Niccolò di
Musciatto Cerretani (3rd time)
1 Oct 1553 – 31 Dec 1553 Damiano di
Cristoforo Damiani (2nd time)
1 Jan 1554 – 31 Mar 1554 Giovanni Antonio
Pecci
1 Apr 1554 – 30 Jun 1554 Ambrogio di Quirico
Nuti (4th time)
1 Jul 1554 – 30 Sep 1554 Alessandro di
Niccolò Finetti (2nd time)
1 Oct 1554 – 31 Dec 1554 Claudio di Federigo
Zuccantini
1 Jan 1555 – 1 Mar 1555 Calisto di
Girolamo Borghesi
1 Apr 1555 – 21 Apr 1555 Mario
di Sallustio Bandini
Captains of the People (in rebellion, at
Montalcino)
21 Apr 1555 – 30 Jun 1555 Mario di Sallustio
Bandini
(b. 1500 - d. 1558)
1 Jul 1555 - 4 Aug 1559
....
c.1555
Ambrogio di Marc'Antonio Spannocchi
c.Oct
1558
Ambrogio di Quirico Nuti
155. - 4 Aug
1559
Alessandro Vannocci di Biringucci
Governors
Apr 1555 - May
1555 Agnolo
Niccolini (1st time)
(b.
1501 - d. 1567)
15 May 1555 - 4 Oct 1555 Francesco de
Toledo
Oct 1555 - Nov
1555
Girolamo Vecchiani (interim)
30 Nov 1555 - Jul 1557
Francisco Mendoza
Bobadilla
(b. 1508 - d. 1564)
Sep 1557 -
1567
Agnolo Niccolini (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lieutenants of the King of France in Tuscany (in
Montalcino)
Jun 1555 – Oct
1556 Jean
Larchevêque de Parthenay, (b.
1512 - d. 1566)
baron de Soubise
Oct 1556 – 19 Nov 1557 Blaise de Montluc
(b. 1502 - d. 1577)
19 Nov 1557 – 18 Mar 1558 René d'Anglure, sieur de
Givry (d. 1562)
18 Mar 1558 – 23 Mar 1559 Francesco
d'Este,marchese di Massa (b. 1516 - d. 1578)
23 Mar 1559 – 25 Jul 1559 Cornelio
Bentivoglio
(b. 1519/20 - d. 1585)
French Superintendent (civil governor)
22 Apr 1557 - Jun? 1558 Henri de
Mesmes, sieur de Malassise (b. 1532 - d. 1596)
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![[Republic of Pisa 1162-1406
(Italy)]](it-pi_12.gif "[Republic
of Pisa 1162-1406 (Italy)]")
![[Republic
of Pisa 1492-1506 (Italy)]](it-pi-pi.gif "[Republic
of Pisa 1492-1506 (Italy)]")
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7 Apr 944
Pisa (referred to as Pisanae
reipublicae [Pisan Republic] in and
after 957, and headed by consuls) is granted
Papal protection.
Jul
1081
Pisa city autonomous.
1098 -
1284
Corsica annexed.
By 1150
Consuls and capitaneis
et universo populo Pisano mentioned.
13 May 1289 - 12 Jul 1293 Ruled by Urbino.
1312 - 20 Sep 1313
Imperial administration.
20 Sep 1313
Republic
of Pisa (Pisanae reipublicae)(restored).
1326 - 29 Apr 1328
Imperial administration.
29 Apr 1328 - 3 Sep 1328 Occupied
by Lucca.
3 Sep 1328 - 17 Jun 1329 Imperial
administration.
17 Jun 1329
Republic
of Pisa (restored).
1347 - 1355
Administered by a Signore
di Pisa, under the Gambacorti.
20 May 1355 - Jul 1355
Imperial administration.
Jul 1355
Republic of Pisa (restored).
29 Aug 1368 - 21 Sep 1369
Imperial administration.
21 Sep 1369
Republic of Pisa (restored).
18 Feb 1399
Sold to Milan.
3 Sep 1402
Separated from Milan as a secundogenitura.
26 Jul 1405 - 30 Aug 1405 Occupied by
France and Genoa.
30 Aug
1405
Sold to Florence by Milan.
Oct 1405
Separated by uprising.
9 Oct 1406
Ceded to
Florence.
9 Nov 1494
Republic of Pisa (Repubblica di Pisa)(restored).
8 Jun
1509
Pisa submits to Florence.
Captains of the People (title
Capitano del Popolo)
23 Oct 1392 - 10 Sep 1398 Jacomo
di Giovanni
d'Appiani
(b. c.1322 - d. 1398)
5 Jan 1398 - 18 Feb 1399
Gherardo Leonardo d'Appiani
(b. c.1375 - d. 1405)
(co-ruler to 10 Sep 1398)
18 Feb 1399 - 3 Sep 1402
part of Milan
Milanese Vicars
1399 - ....
Antonio Porro, conte di
Pollenzo (d. 1404)
1401 - c.1402
Franchino II Rusca
(Rusconi)
(d. 1412)
Lord (title Signore di Pisa)
3 Sep 1402 - 26 Jul 1405
Gabriele Maria Visconti
(b. 1385 - d. 1407)
26 Jul 1405 - 30 Aug 1405 occupied
by France
Florentine Captain of Pisa
30 Aug 1405 - Oct
1405 part of
Florence
1405
Lorenzo
Raffacani
Defender of the People (title Difensore
del Popolo)
Oct 1405 - 9 Oct 1406
Giovanni Gambacorta
(b. 13.. - d. 1431)
Florentine Captains of Pisa
9 Oct 1406 - 9 Nov 1494 part
of Florence
6 Oct 1406 - 6 Jul 1407 Gino
Capponi
(b. 1350 - d. 1421)
Defender of the People (title Difensore
del Popolo)
9 Nov 1494 - 8 Jun 1509 ....
French governor in Pisa
Nov 1494 - 1 Jan 1496
Robert de Balzac, baron d'Entragues (b. 1440
- d. 1503)
Two Sicilies
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![[Naples provisional
government 1820-1821 (Italy)]](it-napol20.gif "[Naples
provisional government 1820-1821 (Italy)]") 13 Jul 1820 - 23 Mar 1821: Naples in Revolt |
![[Naples 1848-1849
(Italy)]](it_ds48.gif "[Naples 1848-1849 (Italy)]") 3 Apr 1848 - 19 May 1849: Naples |
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![[Kingdom of
Two Sicilies 1735-1805 (Italy)]](it-2ss.gif.gif "[Kingdom of Two Sicilies 1735-1805
(Italy)]")
![[Parthenopean
Republic 1799 (Italy)]](it_part1.gif "[Parthenopean
Republic 1799 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of
Naples 1806-1808 (Italy)]](it_part3.gif "[Kingdom of
Naples 1806-1808 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of
Naples 1811-1815 (Italy)]](it_part4.gif "[Kingdom of
Naples 1811-1815 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Two
Sicilies 1815-1848 (Italy)]](it-2ss1.gif "[Kingdom
of Two Sicilies 1815-1848 (Italy)]")
![[Naples 1860
(Italy)]](it-2s-60.gif "[Naples 1860 (Italy)]")
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"Inno del Re" (King's Anthem) (1787-1860) |
"Inno della Repubblica Napoletana" (Hymn of the Neapolitan Republic) (1799) |
(1799; 1808-1815;10 Jul 1848; in Italian) |
| Capital:
Naples (Naploi) |
Currency:
1284-1806, 1818-1860 Italian States Ducat (XITD); 1806-1816 Italian States Franco (XITF) |
National Holiday:
12 Jan (1810) Birthday of King Ferdinando II (1830-1859) |
Population:
9,117,000 (1858) 6,537,000 (1790)(including Naples 4,881,000, Sicily 1,656,000) |
| Exports: $29.4 million (1855) |
Imports: $24.7 million (1855) |
Military Forces: 97,000 (1856) (including irregular 62,000) |
Merchant Marine: 12,800 ships
(1855) |
25 Dec
1130
Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the island of Sicily and
a large region, centered on Naples, on the mainland.
31 Mar
1282
Split into two kingdoms, sometimes in personal union:
(1) Kingdom of Sicily, informally Kingdom of Naples or
Kingdom of "Sicily this side of the Lighthouse"
(Sicilia al di qua del Faro),
in Latin Sicilia citra Farum;
(2) Kingdom of Sicily, thus called informally, also
Kingdom of "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse."
(Sicilia al di là del Faro), in
Latin Sicilia ultra Farum.
8 Dec
1816
The two kingdoms merge as Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
13 Jul 1820 - 23 Mar 1821 Carbonari
revolt led by Guglielmo Pepe (b. 1783 - d. 1855).
23 Mar 1821 - Mar 1827 Austria occupies
Naples (and from Jun 1821 Sicily) under Ludwig
Graf von Wallmoden-Gimborn (b. 1769 - d. 1862).
11 May 1860 - 8 Nov 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi
conquers Sicily and Naples.
8 Nov
1860
Administered by Sardinia-Piedmont.
17 Dec
1860
Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.
15 Feb
1861
Gaeta occupied by Sardinian troops.
18 Mar
1861
Part of the Kingdom of Italy.
20 Mar
1861
Last Neapolitan fortress, Civitella del Tronto,
surrenders.
Naples (Sicily this side of the Lighthouse)
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![[Kingdom
of Naples 1282 - 1442 (Italy)]](it-naples1282.png "[Kingdom of Naples 1282 - 1442
(Italy)]")
![[Kingdom
of Naples 1442-1516 (Italy)]](it-Naples1442.png "[Kingdom
of Naples 1442-1516 (Italy)]")
c.571
Duchy
(af.774, Principality) of Benevento
founded by the Lombards.
841 -
871
Bari Emirate under Muslim rule around Bari.
851
Principality of
Salerno, split from Benevento.
1059
Roberto "il Guiscardo" is created Duke of Apulia,
Calabria and
Sicily (which is still under Arab occupation) by Pope
Nicholas II.
16 Apr
1071
Fall of Bari to the Normans ends Byzantine rule in
Southern Italy.
10 Jan 1072
Norman conquest of Palermo, Sicily under
Ruggero I who becomes Count
of Sicily (County of Sicily).
13 Dec 1076
Conquest of Salerno.
25 Dec
1130
Part of Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the island of
Sicily
and a large region, centered on Naples, on the mainland.
1137
Duchy
of Amalfi annexed.
1139
Duchy of Naples annexed.
Sep
1140
Duchy of Gaeta annexed.
26 Feb 1154 - 6 Jan 1266 United with Sicily.
1156
Principality of Capua annexed.
6 Jan
1266
Kingdom of Sicily
31 Mar
1282
Split into two kingdoms, sometimes in personal union:
(1) Kingdom of Sicily, informally Kingdom of Naples or
Kingdom of "Sicily this side of the Lighthouse"
(Sicilia al di qua del Faro);
(2) Kingdom of Sicily, thus called informally, also
Kingdom of "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse"
(Sicilia al di là del Faro).
12 Jun
1442
Naples ruled by Aragón.
2 Jun 1442 – 27 Jun 1458
Personal union with Sicily.
11 Aug 1480 - 10 Sep 1481 Otranto,
in Apulia, occupied by the Ottoman Empire.
22 Feb 1495 - 7 Jul 1496 French occupation
of Naples.
1 Aug 1501 - 31 Mar 1504
French occupation of Naples (partition with Aragón
agreed to
by the Treaty of Granada 11 Nov
1500).
31 Mar 1504
Naples under Aragón rule.
23 Jan
1516
Naples under Spanish rule.
22 Oct 1647 - 5 Apr 1648 Most
Serene Republic of this Kingdom of Naples (Serenissima
Repubblica
di questo regno di Napoli) or Most Serene
Republican
Monarchy
of Naples (Serenissima Monarchia repubblicana di
Napoli),
also
reffered to as Neapolitan Republic (Repubblica
Napoletana);
declared in rebellion against Spanish rule.
Sep 1707
Naples under Austrian rule.
2 Jun
1734
Spanish rule restored.
23 Jan 1799 - 23 Jun 1799 French
occupation of Naples.
23 Jan
1799
Neapolitan Republic (Repubblica Napoletana/République
Napolitaine),
unofficially styled "Parthenopean Republic" (Repubblica
Partenopea/
République Parthénopéenne).
23 Jun
1799
Kingdom of Sicily (restored).
27 Dec 1805 - 11 Jan 1814 French
occupation of Naples.
11 May 1806
Joseph
Bonaparte is recognized as the King of Naples and Sicily
in
accordance with an imperial decree signed by Napoléon I
on
30 Mar 1806 in Paris and presented to Joseph in Naples
11 May 1806
11 May 1806 - 22 May 1815 Kingdom of Naples (Regno
di Napoli)(both Joseph Bonaparte and
Joachim Murat were recognized as the kings of Naples and
Sicily
[re di Napoli e di Sicilia] by imperial decrees
of 30 Mar 1806
and 15 Jul 1808. Murat adopted the royal style Re
delle Due Sicilie
by a royal decree of 20 Jul 1808. Regno di Napoli
was a common
reference to the polity used in legislation, while Regno
delle Due
Sicilie was in limited official use. The
adoption of the
constitutional statute in 1808 did not affect the use of
these
names).
3 Jul 1808
The Constitutional Statute of the
Kingdom of Naples and Sicily
(Statuto
Costituzionale del regno di Napoli e di Sicilia)
is signed
by the
King of Naples and Sicily and approved by the Emperor of
the
French on 20 Jun 1808 in Bayonne, France (and was
published in
Naples
on 3 Jul 1808).
20 May 1815
A convention providing for the occupation
of the Kingdom of Naples
by the
armies of Austria and the Allied Powers is signed by the
representatives of the King of Naples and of the Emperor
of
Austria in Casa-Lanza (near Capua) on 20 May 1815,
ratified the
same
day.
22 May 1815
The restoration of King Ferdinando IV is
declared by the
proclamations of the commander-in-chief of the army of
Austria and
the Infante of Two Sicilies.
8 Oct 1815
Joachim Murat
fails to reclaim Naples, he is executed 13 Oct
1815.
8 Dec
1816
Kingdom
of the Two Sicilies (Regno delle Due Sicilie),
merger of
the two kingdoms.
8 Aug 1860 - 8
Nov 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi conquers Naples.
6 Sep 1860 - 14 Feb
1861 King Francesco II takes refuge in Gaeta.
8 Nov
1860
Administered by Kingdom of Sardinia.
17 Dec
1860
Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont;
Naples keeping a large
degree of internal autonomy.
15 Feb
1861
Gaeta occupied by Sardinian troops.
18 Mar
1861
Part
of the Kingdom of Italy.
20 Mar
1861
Last Neapolitan fortress, Civitella del Tronto,
surrenders.
5 May
1861
Abolition of Neapolitan autonomy.
9 Oct
1861
Neapolitan provinces fully integrated into the
new Kingdom
of
Italy.
Dukes of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily
(title Duca di Puglia, Calabria e Sicilia)
1059 - 17 Jul
1085 Roberto
"il Guiscardo"
(b. 1025 - d. 1085)
17 Jul 1085 - 22 Feb
1111 Ruggero
Borsa
(b. 1060/61 – d. 1111)
22 Feb 1111 - 28 Jul
1127 Guglielmo II di Puglia
(b. 1095 – d. 1127)
Kings¹ of Sicily
("Naples")
(title Re di
Sicilia Insulare e Peninsulare; from 26
Sep 1282, Re di Sicilia)
27 Sep 1130 - 2
Sep 1282 the kings of
Sicily
2 Sep 1282 - 7
Jan 1285 Carlo I d'Anjou
(b. 1226
- d. 1285)
7 Jan 1285 - 6
May 1309 Carlo II "lo Zoppo"
(b. 1254 - d. 1309)
6 May 1309 - 19 Jan
1343 Roberto I "il Saggio"
(b. 1277 – d. 1343)
19 Jan 1343 - 26 Aug
1381 Giovanna I (f) -Queen
(b. 1327 – d. 1382)
Dec 1347 - Dec 1349
Luigi "il Grande" (in
dissidence) (b. 1326 - d. 1382)
(Lajos I king of Hungary)
16 Jul 1381 - 24 Feb 1386 Carlo III di Durazzo "il
Piccolo" (b. 1345 - d. 1386)
Jun 1382 – 10 Oct? 1384
Luigi I d'Anjou (in
dissidence) (b. 1339 – d. 1384)
20 Sep 1384 – 29 Apr
1417 Luigi II (in dissidence)
(b. 1377 – d. 1417)
24 Feb 1386 - 6 Aug 1414 Ladislao I "il
Magnanimo" (b. 1377 –
d. 1414)
6 Aug 1414 - 11 Feb
1435 Giovanna II (f) -Queen
(b. 1373
– d. 1435)
10 Oct 1415 - Oct 1416
Giacomo di Borbone (usurper)
(b. 1370 - d. 1438)
1424 – 15 Nov
1434
Luigi III (in dissidence)
(b. 1403 – d. 1434)
2 Feb 1435 - 12 Jun
1442 Renato I "il Buono"
(b. 1409 – d. 1480)
18 Oct 1435 - 19 May 1438 Isabella di
Lorena (f) -Regent (b.
1400 - d. 1453)
12 Jun 1442 - 27 Jun 1458 Alfonso I d'Aragona "il
Magnanimo" (b. 1396 – d. 1458)
(Alfons V of Aragón,
Alfonso I in Sicily)
27 Jun 1458 - 25 Jan
1494 Ferdinando I "il
Bastardo"
(b. 1423 – d. 1494)
(Ferrante)
25 Jan 1494 – 21 Jan 1495 Alfonso II
(b. 1448 – d. 1495)
23 Jan 1495 - 22 Feb
1495 Ferdinando II
(Ferrandino)
(b. 1469 – d. 1496)
(1st time)
22 Feb 1495 - 7 Jul 1495 Carlo
(VIII)
(b. 1470 – d. 1498)
(Charles VIII of France)
7 Jul
1495 - 7 Oct 1496 Ferdinando II
(Ferrandino)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
7 Oct 1496 – 2 Aug
1501 Federico
I
(b. 1452 – d. 1504)
2 Aug 1501 - 14 May 1503
Luigi (XII) (Louis XII of France) (b. 1462 – d.
1515)
14 May 1503 - 23
Jan 1516 Ferdinando III "il Cattolico"
(b. 1452 – d. 1516)
(Ferran
II of Aragón; Fernando
V of Castile)
23 Jan 1516 - 12 Apr 1555
Giovanna III (f) -Queen
(b. 1478 – d. 1555)
(Jaoana
of Aragón, Juana of
Spain)
- jointly with –
14 Mar 1516 – 16 Jan
1556 Carlo IV
(b. 1500 – d. 1558)
(Carlos I of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor
Karl V)
16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep
1598 Filippo
I
(b. 1556 – d. 1598)
(Felipe II of Spain)
13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar
1621 Filippo II
(b.
1578 – d. 1621)
(Felipe III of Spain)
31 Mar 1621 – 17 Sep
1665 Filippo
III
(b. 1605 – d. 1665)
(Felipe IV of Spain)
22 Oct 1647 - 19 Nov 1647 Gennaro Annese
(b. 1604 - d. 1648)
(Generalissimo, in rebellion)
19 Nov 1647 - 5 Apr 1648 Henri de Lorraine,
duc de Guise (b. 1614 - d. 1664)
(Doge of the republic, in rebellion)
17 Sep 1665 – 1 Nov 1700 Carlo
V
(b. 1661 – d. 1700)
(Carlos II of
Spain)
16 Nov 1700 - Sep 1707
Filippo IV
(b. 1683 - d. 1746)
(Felipe V of Spain)
Sep 1707 - 2 Jun
1734 Carlo VI Giuseppe
Francesco (b. 1685 - d.
1740)
(Holy Roman Empire Karl VI)
2 Jun 1734 - 6
Oct 1759 Carlo VII
Sebastiano
(b. 1716 - d. 1788)
(Carlos III of Spain)
2 Jun 1734 -
1738 Regency
- José Carrillo de Albornoz
y (b. 1674 - d. 1747)
Montiel, duque de Montemar
- José Joaquin de Monte Alegre, (b. 1698 -
d. 1771)
marqués de Salas
6 Oct 1759 - 23 Jan
1799 Ferdinando IV (1st
time)
(b. 1751 - d. 1825)
(in Palermo, Sicily refuge 21 Dec 1798 - Aug 1801)
6 Oct 1759 - 12 Jan
1767 Regency
- Bernardo marchese
Tanucci (b.
1698 - d. 1783)
- Domenico Cattaneo principi di (b. 1698 -
d. 1782)
San Nicandro
Presidents of the
Provisional Government
23 Jan 1799 - 19 Feb
1799 Carlo
Lauberg
(b. 1752? - d. 1834)
19 Feb 1799 - 23 Mar
1799 Ignazio
Ciaja
(b. 1766 - d. 1799)
23 Mar 1799 - 15 Apr 1799
Giuseppe Abbamonte
(b. 1759
- d. 1818)
President of the
Executive Commission²
15 Apr 1799 - 5 Jun
1799 Ercole D'Agnese
(b. 1745 - d.
1799)
President of the
Executive Directory³
5 Jun 1799 - 23 Jun
1799 Ercole D'Agnese
(s.a.)
Chairmen of the State
Junta
(in name of the absent king)
15 Jun 1799 - 21 Jul 1799 Gregorio Bisogni
21 Jul 1799 - 10 Dec 1799 Feliciano Damiani
King¹
23 Jun 1799 - 1 Mar
1806 Ferdinando IV (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(in Palermo, Sicily refuge from 8 Feb 1805)
8 Feb
1806 - 15 Feb 1806 Regency
- Diego Naselli principe d'Aragona (b. 1727 - d. 1809)
- Antonio Luigi principe di Canosa (b. 1768 - d. 1838)
- Michelangelo Cianciulli(1st time)(b. 1734 - d. 1819)
Lieutenant of the Emperor
15 Feb 1806 - 11 May
1806 Giuseppe Napoleone Bonaparte
(b. 1768 - d. 1844)
(= Joseph Napoléon Bonaparte)
Kings4
11 May 1806 - 8 Jul 1808 Giuseppe
Napoleone
(s.a.)
(departed Naples on 23 May 1808)
23 May 1808 - 1 Aug 1808 Council
of State (Regents)
- Antonio Cristoforo
Saliceti (b. 1757 - d.
1809)
- Michelangelo Cianciulli(2nd time)(s.a.)
- Nicola Luigi Pignatelli
di (b. 1753 - d.
1833)
Cerchiara
1 Aug 1808 - 19 May 1815
Gioacchino Napoleone
(b. 1767 - d. 1815)
(= Joachim Murat-Jordy)
(arrived 6 Aug 1808; left Naples 19 May 1815)
12 May 1812 - 30 Jan 1813 Queen Maria Annunziata
(b. 1782 - d. 1835)
Carolina (f) -Regent (1st time)
(= Marie Annonciade Caroline Bonaparte)
2 Aug 1813 - 14 Nov 1813 Queen
Maria Annunziata
(s.a.)
Carolina (f) -Regent (2nd time)
23 Jan 1814 - 30 Apr 1814
Queen Maria Annunziata
(s.a.)
Carolina (f) -Regent (3rd time)
17 Mar 1815 - 20 May 1815
Queen Maria Annunziata
(s.a.)
Carolina (f) -Regent (4th time)
King¹
22 May 1815 - 8 Dec 1816 Ferdinando
IV (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Administrator (for Ferdinando
IV)
22 May 1815 - 2 Jun 1815 Leopoldo
di Borbone, principe di (b.
1790 - d. 1851)
Salerno
Lieutenant-generals of the King
in the Neapolitan Provinces
8 Nov 1860 - 17 Dec 1860
Luigi Carlo
Farini
(b. 1812 - d. 1866)
3 Jan 1861 - 20 May 1861
Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia,
(b. 1816 - d.
1888)
principe
di Carignano
21 May 1861 - 15 Jul 1861
Alessandro Gustavo Giorgio Filippo (b. 1810 - d. 1876)
Maria Ponza, conte di San Martino
15 Jul 1861 - 9 Oct 1861
Enrico
Cialdini
(b. 1811 - d. 1892)
First Secretaries
Jan 1768 -
1776
Bernardo marchese
Tanucci
(s.a.)
(de facto since 6 Oct 1759)
1779 -
1798
Sir John Francis
Acton
(b. 1736 - d. 1811)
(in Palermo refuge 21 Dec 1798 - 19 Jun 1799)
Secretary of the Cabinet (in Naples)
Mar 1806 - 8 Sep 1806 Paolo
Felice Ferri-Pisani de (b. 1770 -
d. 1846)
San Anastasio
Secretary of State (in Naples)
8 Sep 1806 - 8 Jul 1808 Francesco
Ricciardi
(b. 1758 - d. 1842)
Viceroys of France in Naples
22 Feb 1495 - 7 Jul 1495 Gilbert
de Bourbon, comte de
(b. 1443 - d. 1496)
Montpensier
Aug 1501 - 28 Apr 1503
Louis d'Armagnac, duc de Nemours (b. 1472
- d. 1503)
1503 - 27 Jan
1504
Ludovico II del Vasto
(b. 1438 - d. 1504)
Viceroys in Naples
14 May 1503 - 11 May 1507 Gonzalo
Fernández de Córdoba, (b.
1453 - d. 1515)
duque de Sessa y Terranova
Jun 1507 - Nov
1507 Giovanna
di Napoli (f)
(s.a.)
(= Jaoana de Aragón)
Nov 1507 - 8 Oct 1509 Juan II
de Ribagorza,
conde (b. 1427
- d. 1528)
de Ribagorza
8 Oct 1509 - 23 Oct 1509 Antonio de
Guevara, conde (b.
1481 - d. 1545)
de Potenza (acting)
24 Oct 1509 - 10 May 1522 Ramón
Folc de Cardona-Anglesola, (b. 1467 - d.
1522)
conde de Albento
1511 - 3 May 1512
Francisco cardenal de
Remolins (b. 1462 - d. 1518)
(acting for conde de Albento)
27 May 1512 - 23 Feb 1513 Francisco cardenal
de Remolins (s.a.)
(acting for conde de Albento)
5 Feb 1518 - 13 Nov 1515 Bernardo de
Vilamarí (Villamarín)
(acting for conde de Albento)
16 Jul 1522 - 20 Oct 1523 Carlos de Lannoy,
señor de (b. 1487 - d.
1527)
Sanzeilles
20 Oct 1523 - Jun 1526
Andrea Carafa, conde de Santa (b.
1496 - d. 1526)
Severina (acting)
1526 - Sep 1527
Ludovico Montalto (acting)
Sep 1527 - 28 Apr 1528
Hugo de Moncada
(b. 1476 - d.
1528)
1528 - 3 Aug
1530
Filiberto de Chalôns, príncipe
(b. 1502 - d. 1530)
de Orange
3 Aug 1530 - 28 Jun 1532 Pompeo cardenal
Colonna
(b. 1479 - d. 1532)
1532
Fernando de Aragón, duque
(b. c.1460 - d. 1543)
de Montalto (provisional)
4 Sep 1532 - 21 Feb 1553 Pedro
Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga, (b. 1484 - d. 1553)
marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo
22 Feb 1553 - 3 Jun 1553 Luis Álvarez
de Toledo y Osorio (d. 1597)
(acting)
3 Jun 1553 - 23 Mar 1556 Pedro
Pacheco cardenal Ladrón
(b. 1488 - d. 1560)
de Guevara
23 Mar 1555 - Feb 1556
Bernardino de Mendoza (acting)
(b. 1501 - d. 1577)
Feb 1555 - 5 Jun 1558
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo
y (b. 1507 - d.
1582)
Pimentel,
duque de Alba
Sep 1556 - Dec 1556
Fadrique Álvarez de
Toledo y (b. 1537 - d. 1583)
Enríquez de Guzmán, duque de
Alba (interim for duque de Alba)
6 Jun 1558 - 10 Oct 1558 Juan
Manrique de Lara (interim) (b. 1507 - d.
1570)
Oct 1558 - 12 Jun 1559
Bartolomé cardenal de la Cueva
(b. 1499 - d. 1562)
y Toledo
12 Jun 1559 - 2 Apr 1571 Per Afán
Enríquez de Ribera, (b. 1509 -
d. 1571)
duque de
Alcalá
19 Apr 1571 - 18 Jul 1575 Antonio cardenal
Perrenot de (b. 1517 - d.
1586)
Granvela (acting)
18 Jul 1575 - 8 Nov 1579 Íñigo
López de Mendoza, marqués (b. 1512 -
d. 1580)
de Mondéjar
11 Nov 1579 - 11 Nov 1582 Juan de Zúñiga y
Requeséns, (b. 1539 - d.
1586)
príncipe de Pietraperzia
28 Nov 1582 - Nov 1586
Pedro Téllez-Girón y de
la (b.
1537 - d. 1590)
Cueva, duque de Osuna
Nov 1586 - Nov 1595
Juan de Zúñiga y
Avellaneda, (b. 1541
- d. 1608)
conde de Miranda
27 Nov 1595 - 19 Jul 1599 Enrique de
Guzmán, conde
de (b. 1540 -
d. 1607)
Olivares
Jul 1599 - 19 Oct 1601
Fernando Ruiz de Castro, conde (b.
1548 - d. 1601)
de Lemos
20 Oct 1601 - 5 Apr 1603 Francisco
Ruiz de Castro, conde (b. 1579 - d. 1637)
de Lemos (inteirm)
6 Apr 1603 - 11 Jul 1610 Juan Alonso
Pimentel de Herrera, (b. 1553 - d. 1621)
conde de Benavente
Jul 1610 - 8 Jul
1616 Pedro Fernández de Castro
y (b. 1560 -
d. 1622)
Andrade, conde de Lemos
21 Aug 1616 - 4 Jun 1620 Pedro
Téllez-Girón y Velasco
(b. 1574 - d. 1624)
Guzmán y Tovar, duque de Osuna
4 Jun 1620 - 14 Dec 1620 Gaspar cardenal
de Borja y Velasco (b. 1580 - d. 1645)
12 Dec 1620 - 24 Dec 1622 Antonio
cardenal Zapata y Cisneros (b. 1550 -
d. 1635)
24 Dec 1622 - 16 Aug 1629 Antonio
Álvarez de Toledo
y (b. 1568 -
d. 1639)
Beaumont
de Navarra, duque de
Alba
16 Aug 1629 - 13 May 1631 Fernando Afán de
Ribera y Enríquez,(b. 1583 - d. 1637)
duque de Alcalá
14 May 1631 - 12 Nov 1637 Manuel
de Acevedo y
Zúñiga, (b.
1586 - d. 1653)
conde de Monterrey
13 Nov 1637 - 6 Mar 1644 Ramiro Núñez
de Guzmán, duque (b. 1602
- d. 1668)
de Medina de las Torres
14 May 1644 - 11 Feb 1646 Juan Alfonso
Enríquez de Cabrera, (b. 1597 - d. 1647)
duque de Medina de Rioseco
11 Feb 1646 - 26 Jan 1648 Rodrigo Ponce de
León y Álvarez (b.
1602 - d. 1658)
de Toledo, duque de Arcos
26 Jan 1648 - 1 Mar 1648 Juan José de
Austria
(b. 1629 - d. 1679)
2 Mar 1648 - 10 Nov 1653 Íñigo
Vélez de Guevara y Tassis, (b. 1597 - d.
1658)
conde de Oñate
10 Nov 1653 - 11 Jan 1659 García de
Avellaneda y Haro, (b. 1588 - d.
1670)
conde de Castrillo
11 Jan 1659 - 8 Sep 1664 Gaspar de
Bracamonte Guzmán y (b. 1595 - d.
1676)
y Pacheco de Mendoza,
conde
de Peñaranda
8 Sep 1664 - 11 Apr 1666 Pascual cardenal
de Aragón-Córdoba (b. 1526 - d. 1677)
-Cardona y Fernández de Córdoba
Apr 1666 - 3 Jan
1671 Pedro Antonio de Aragón,
duque de (b. 1611 - d. 1690)
Cardona y Segorbe
Jan 1671 - Feb 1672
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Ponce (b. 1635 - d. 1705)
de León, marqués de Villafranca
(interim)
14 Feb 1672 - 9 Sep 1675 Antonio
Pedro Sancho Dávila y (b. c.1615 -
d. 1689)
Osorio, marqués de Astorga
9 Sep 1675 - 9 Jan 1683
Fernando Joaquín Fajardo de
(b. 1635 - d. 1693)
Requesens y Toledo, marqués de
los Vélez
16 Jan 1683 - 16 Nov 1687 Gaspar de Haro y
Guzmán, marqués (b. 1629 - d. 1687)
del Carpio
31 Jan 1688 - 5 Feb 1696 Francisco
de Benavides, marqués de (b. 1645 - d. 1716)
Santisteban
27 Mar 1696 - Feb 1702 Luis
Francisco de la Cerda, duque
de Medinaceli
(b. 1660 - d. 1711)
Feb 1702 - 6 Jul
1707 Juan Manuel Fernández
Pacheco y (b. 1650 - d. 1725)
Zúñiga,
duque d'Escalona,
marques de Villena
7 Jul 1707 - 31 Oct 1707
Georg Adam Graf von
Martinitz (b. 1645 - d.
1714)
1 Nov 1707 - 30 Jun 1708
Wirich Philipp Lorenz Graf
von Daun (1st time)
(b. 1669 - d. 1741)
1 Jul 1708 - 27 Sep 1710
Cardinal Vincenzo
Grimani
(b. 1652 - d. 1710)
27 Sep 1710 - 20 May 1713 Carlo
Borromeo conte
d'Arese (b. 1657 -
d. 1734)
20 May 1713 - 4 Jul 1719
Wirich Philipp Lorenz Graf
von Daun (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
4 Jul 1719 - 25 Jul 1719
Johann Wenzel von Gallas
(b. 1669 - d. 1719)
25 Jul 1719 - Mar
1721 Wolfgang Hannibal Graf
von (b. 1660 -
d. 1738)
Schrattenbach, Cardinal-Erzbischof
von
Olmütz
1721 -
1722
Marcantonio Borghese, principe di (b.
1660 - d. 1729)
Sulmona
19 May 1722 - 31 Jul 1728
Cardinal Michael Friedrich von
(b. 1682 - d. 1734)
Althann
31 Jul 1728 - 9 Dec 1728
Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero, (b. 1681 -
d. 1760)
marques de Almahara (acting)
9 Dec 1728 - 12 Jun 1733
Aloys Thomas Raimund von Harrach (b. 1669 -
d. 1742)
12 Jun 1733 - 1 Jun 1734
Giulio Borromeo, conte Visconti (b.
1664 - d. 1751)
3 Jan 1735 - 12 Jul 1735
Manuel d'Orléans
(b. 1677 - d. 1740)
25 Mar 1744 - 13 Nov 1744 Michele Reggio
Vicars-general (in opposition to French
rule)
21 Dec 1798 - 17 Jan 1799
Principe Francesco Pignatelli (b.
1734 - d. 1812)
25 Jan 1799 - 23 Jan 1806
Fabrizio Cardinale Ruffo (1st time)(b. 1744 - d. 1827)
(from
31 Jul 1799, Lieutenant-general of the Realm)
23 Jan 1806 – 8 Feb 1806
Principe Francesco di Borbone, (s.a.)
duca di Calabria
(= Francesco I of Two Sicilies)
8 Feb 1806 - 22 May 1815 Fabrizio Cardinale
Ruffo (2nd time)(s.a.)
French Commissioners
7 Jan 1799 - 6 Feb
1799 Guillaume Charles de
Faipoult (b. 1752 - d.
1817)
19 Feb 1799 -
1799
André Joseph, comte
Abrial
(b. 1750 - d. 1828)
(arrived 28 Mar 1799)
French Commanders of the Armée de Naples
24 Jan 1799 - 27 Feb 1799 Jean Etienne
Championnet
(b. 1762 - d. 1800)
27 Feb 1799 - 3 Aug 1799 Etienne Jacques
Joseph Alexandre
MacDonald
(b. 1765 - d. 1840)
Lieutenant-generals of the Realm
17 Mar 1806 - 29 Jul 1808
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, comte
(b. 1762 - d. 1833)
Jourdan
29 Jul 1808 – 12 Aug 1808
Jean-Louis Ebenézer Reynier
(b. 1771 - d. 1814)
12 Aug 1808 - 27 Mar 1813 Dominique Catherine
Pérignon, (b. 1754 - d.
1818)
comte Pérignon
Sicily (Sicily beyond the Lighthouse)
|
![[Kingdom
of Siciliy c.1258-1266 (Italy)]](it_gcs.gif "[Kingdom of Siciliy c.1258-1266
(Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Siciliy 1282-1296
(Italy)]](it-siciliarag0.gif "[Kingdom of Siciliy
1282-1296 (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Sicily Local
Flag 1296-17th cent. (Italy)]](it-siciliarag1.gif "[Kingdom of Sicily Local Flag
1296-17th cent. (Italy)]")
![[Kingdom of Siciliy 17th cent. -
c.1799 (Italy)]](it-siciliarag2.gif "[Kingdom of
Siciliy 17th cent. - c.1799 (Italy)]")
![[Sicily
1848-1849 (Italy)]](it_sic48.gif "[Sicily
1848-1849 (Italy)]")
c.750 BC - 212
BC
Greek colonization.
c.509 BC - 239 BC
Western Sicily colonized by Carthage.
239 BC - 468 AD
Part of Roman (Republic
to 27 BC) Empire (as Provincia Sicilia).
212
BC
Roman conquest of Siracusa (Syracuse).
468 AD - 476 AD
Part of the Vandal kingdom.
476 - 488
Ruled by Odovacar (Odovacer).
488 - 535
Ruled by the Ostrogoths.
535 -
831
Part of Eastern Roman (Byzantine)
Empire.
550 - 552
Occupied by the Ostrogoths.
18 Jun
827
Arab conquest of Sicily launched (Palermo capitulates 12
Sep 831,
Siracusa occupied 21 May 878, conquest completed by the
taking
of
Taormina 1 Aug 902).
1059
Roberto "il Guiscardo" is created Duke of Apulia,
Calabria and
Sicily (which still under Arab occupation) by Pope
Nicholas II.
1061
Norman invasion of Sicily begins with fall of Messina
and Catania
in Jul
1071.
10 Jan 1072
Conquest of Palermo under Ruggero I, who
becomes Count of
Sicily (County of Sicily).
Feb 1091
Last Arab
stronghold at Noto surrenders.
Jul 1123
Pantelleria taken by the
Normans (under Arab rule from 823).
25 Dec
1130
Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the island of Sicily and
a
large region, centered on Naples, on the mainland.
20 Oct 1194 - 25 May 1254 Part of the
Holy Roman Empire under the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
31 Mar
1282
Split into two kingdoms, sometimes in personal union:
(1) Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae),
informally Kingdom of
Naples
or Kingdom of "Sicily this side of the
Lighthouse"; and
(2) Kingdom of Sicily, thus called informally, also
Kingdom of "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse"
(Sicilia al di là del Faro).
30 Mar 1282 – 28 Apr
1282 Sicilian Vespers (Vespiri siciliani)
revolt against Angevin rule.
4 Sep
1282
Kingdom of Sicily (Sicilia al di là del Faro)(restricted
to
the island).
4 Sep 1282 – 11 Dec 1295 Personal
union with Aragón.
31 Aug
1302
Renamed Kingdom of Trinacria.
1314
Name Kingdom of Sicily restored.
1372
Name Kingdom of Trinacria restored.
21 May
1392
Name Kingdom of Sicily restored.
25 Jul
1409
Under Aragón rule.
2 Jun 1442 – 27 Jun 1458
Personal union with Sicily "Naples."
23 Jan
1516
Under Spanish rule.
28 Apr 1675 - 8 Apr 1678 French
occupy Messina.
21 Dec 1713 - 8 Aug 1720 Duke of Savoy is king
of Sicily.
13 Jul 1718 - 29 Oct 1719 Spanish
occupation.
29 Oct 1719 - 8 Aug 1720 Austrian
occupation.
8 Aug 1720 - 2 Jun
1734 Under Austrian
rule.
2 Jun 1734 - 6
Oct 1759 Spanish rule restored.
6 Oct
1759
Part of the Kingdom of Sicily ("Naples").
22 Jan 1806 - Oct 1815
Under British military protection.
8 Dec
1816
Merged into Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, autonomy
abolished.
13 Apr 1848 - 5 May 1849 Kingdom of
Sicily (in rebellion).
12 Jan
1848
Rebellion begins in Palermo.
13 Apr
1848
Sicilian Parliament deposed the Neapolitan King
(and his
successors) and proclaimed Sicily an
independent kingdom
"to become part of a future Italian federation"
(Kingdom of Sicily [Regno di Sicilia]).
10 Jul
1848
The Sardinian prince Ferdinando Maria Alberto
Amadeo Filiberto
Vincenzo, principe de Saboia, duca di Genova
(b. 1822 - d. 1855),
elected
King of Sicily; he did not react to or accept
the title.
5 May
1849
Neapolitan rule restored.
11 May
1860
Giuseppe Garibaldi conquers Sicily.
17 Dec
1860
Sicily incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont; keeping
a large
degree of internal autonomy.
12 Mar
1861
Occupation of the fortress of Messina, the last
Neapolitan
stronghold on the island.
18 Mar
1861
Part
of the Kingdom of Italy.
1 Feb
1862
Autonomy abolished.
Counts of Sicily (title Conte
di Sicilia)
Jan 1072 – Jul 1101
Ruggero I d'Altvavilla (=
Roger I) (b. 1031 – d. 1101)
Jul 1101 - 25 Dec 1130
Ruggero II (= Roger II)
(b. 1095 – d. 1154)
Jul 1101 - 1112
Adelasia del Vasto (f) -Regent (b.
1074 - d. 1118)
Kings¹ (title Re
di Sicilia)
25 Dec 1130 - 26 Feb 1154 Ruggero II (=
Roger II)
(s.a.)
26 Feb
1154 - 7 May 1166 Guglielmo I "il Malo" (=
William I)(b. 1120/21 – d. 1166)
7 May 1166 – 16 Nov
1189 Guglielmo II "il Buono"
(b. 1155 - d. 1189)
(=
William II)
7 May 1166 - Dec 1171
Margherita di Navarra (f) -Regent
(b. 1134 - d. 1183)
16 Nov 1189 - 20 Feb 1194 Tancredi I
(= Tancred I)
(b. 1138 – d. 1194)
- jointly with –
1193 – 256 Dec
1193 Ruggero
III (= Roger III)
(b. 1175 - d. 1193)
20 Feb 1194 – Nov
1194 Guglielmo III (= William
III) (b. 1185 – d. 1198)
Nov 1194 - 28 Sep 1197
Enrico I di Hohenstaufen
(b. 1165
– d. 1197)
(Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich VI)
Nov 1194
- 28
Sep 1197
Costanza I d'Altavilla (f) -Regent
(b. 1154 – d. 1198)
(1st time)
28 Sep 1197 - 13 Dec 1250 Federico
II
(b. 1194 – d. 1250)
(from 1220, Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II)
28
Sep 1197 - 27 Nov 1198
Costanza I d'Altavilla (f) -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
13 Dec 1250 – 21 May 1254 Corrado
I
(b. 1228 –
d. 1254)
(Holy Roman Emperor Konrad IV)
21 May 1254 – 11 Aug
1258 Corrado II "Corradino"
(b. 1252 – d. 1268)
21 May 1254 - 1257
Bertoldo di
Hohenburg -Regent
(b. c.1215 - d. 1257)
1257 - 11 Aug
1258
Manfredi -Regent
(b. 1232 – d. 1266)
11 Aug 1258 – 26 Feb 1266 Manfredi
(s.a.)
6 Jan 1266 - 2
Sep 1282
Carlo I (co-ruler to 26 Feb 1266) (b. 1226
- d. 1285)
2 Sep 1282 – 10 Nov
1285 Pietro I d'Aragona "il Grande"
(b. 1239 - d. 1285)
(Pere III of
Aragón)
10 Nov 1285 – 15 Jan 1296 Giacomo I "il
Giusto"
(b. 1267 – d. 1327)
(from 18 Jun 1291, Jaume II
of Aragón)
15 Jan 1296 – 25 Jun 1337 Federico II
(b. 1272 –
d. 1337)
(Federico III of "Naples")
25 Jun 1337 – 15 Aug 1342 Pietro II
(b. 1305 – d. 1342)
15 Aug 1342 – 16 Oct 1355 Luigi
(Ludovico) "il Fanciullo" (b. 1337 – d.
1355)
15 Aug 1342 - 7 Apr 1348 Giovanni
di Randazzo -Regent
(b. 1317 - d. 1348)
1348 - 16 Oct 1355 Blasco
(II) d'Aragona -Regent (d.
1355)
16 Oct 1355 – 27 Jul 1377 Federico IIII "il
Semplice" (b. 1341 – d. 1377)
16 Oct 1355 - 1357
Eufemia
d'Aragona (f) -Regent
(b. 1330 - d. 1359)
27 Jul 1377 – 25 May 1402 Maria (f)
(b. 1363 – d. 1402)
- jointly with -
1392 – 25 Jul
1409
Martino I "il Giovane"
(b. 1374 – d. 1409)
25 Jul 1409 - 31 May 1410 Martino II "il
Vecchio"
(b. 1356 – d. 1410)
(Martí I of
Aragón)
31 May 1410 - 30 Jun 1412 Bianca di
Navarra (f) -Regent (b. 1387
- d. 1441)
30 Jun 1412 – 2 Apr 1416 Ferdinando I "il
Giusto" (b. 1380 – d.
1416)
2 Apr 1416 – 27 Jun 1458
Alfonso I "il
Magnanimo"
(b. 1396 – d. 1458)
(Alfons
V of Aragón, and
from
2 Jun 1442, Alfonso I of
"Naples")
27 Jun 1458 - 19 Jan 1479 Giovanni I "il
Giusto" (b.
1397 – d. 1479)
(Joan II of Aragón)
19 Jan 1479 – 23 Jan 1516 Ferdinando II
"il Cattolico" (b. 1452 – d.
1516)
(Ferran II of Aragón,
Fernando I in Spain)
23 Jan 1516 – 16 Jan 1556 Carlo II
(b. 1500 – d. 1558)
(Carlos I of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor
Karl V)
16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep 1598 Filippo
I
(b. 1556 – d. 1598)
(Felipe II of Spain)
13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621 Filippo II
(b. 1578 – d. 1621)
(Felipe III of Spain)
31 Mar 1621 – 17 Sep 1665 Filippo
III
(b. 1605 – d. 1665)
(Felipe IV of
Spain)
17 Sep 1665 – 1 Nov 1700 Carlo III
d'Austria
(b. 1661 – d. 1700)
(Carlos II of
Spain)
1 Nov 1700 - 21 Dec 1713 Filippo
(IV) di Borbone
(b. 1683 - d. 1746)
(Felipe V of Spain)
(6 Jul 1718 - 8 Aug 1720 in rebellion
against Vittorio Amedeo II)
21 Dec 1713 - 2 Aug 1718 Vittorio
Amedeo
II
(b. 1666 - d. 1732)
2 Aug 1718 - Jul 1735
Carlo (IV) d'Austria
(b. 1685 - d. 1740)
(Karl VI of Holy Roman Empire)
15 May 1734
- 5 Oct 1759 Carlo (IV) di
Borbone
(b. 1716 - d. 1788)
(Carlos
III of Spain)
5 Oct 1759 - 8 Dec 1816
Ferdinando
III
(s.a.)
(Ferdinando IV of Naples)
16 Jan 1812 - 19 May 1815 Principe
Francesco di Borbone, (b. 1777 -
d. 1830)
duca di Calabria -Regent
President of the Committee of Fieravecchia
12 Jan 1848 - 14 Jan 1848 Giuseppe La
Masa
(b. 1819 - d. 1881)
President of the Provisional Revolutionary
Committee
14 Jan
1848
Carlo Ventimiglia, principe di
(b. 1807 - d. 18..)
Grammonte
President of the General Committee
14 Jan 1848 - 13 Apr 1848 Ruggero
Settimo
(b. 1778 - d. 1863)
President of the Provisional Government
13 Apr 1848 - 22 Apr 1849 Ruggero
Settimo
(s.a.)
Mayors (Pretore) of Palermo
22 Apr 1849 - 30 Apr 1849 Francesco
Statella,
marchese (b. 1805 -
d. 1865)
di Spaccaforno
30 Apr 1849 - 5 May 1849 Pietro
Riso, barone della Colobria (b. c.1810 - d. 1854)
Dictator
11 May 1860 - 8 Nov 1860 Giuseppe
Garibaldi
(b. 1807 - d. 1882)
Lieutenant-generals of
the King in the Sicilian Provinces
2 Dec 1860 - 14 Apr 1861 Giuseppe
Massimo Cordero, (b.
1807 - d. 1879)
marchese di Montezemolo
14 Apr 1861 - 5 Sep 1861
Alessandro, marchese Della Rovere (b. 1815 - d.
1864)
5 Sep 1861 - 5 Jan 1862
Ignazio, conte de Genova
di (b. 1813 -
d. 1896)
Pettinengo
Chief ministers
21 Dec 1798 - 19 Jun
1799 Sir John Francis Acton (1st time)
(s.a.)
27 Dec 1805 - 12 Aug
1811 Sir John Francis Acton (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Ministers-Secretaries of
State for the Affairs of Sicily (in
Naples)
26 Jul 1849 - 9 Jun
1859 Giovanni Cassisi
(b.
1788 - d. 1865)
9 Jun 1859 - 19 Mar 1860 Paolo
Cumbo
First Secretary of State
17 May 1860 - 18 Jul
1860 Francesco Crispi
(b. 1819 -
d. 1901)
Prodittatore (governors)
18 Jul 1860 - 22 Jul 1860 Giuseppe
Sirtori
(b. 1813 - d. 1874)
22 Jul 1860 - 14 Sep 1860 Agostino
Depretis
(b. 1813 - d. 1887)
17 Sep 1860 - 2 Dec 1860 Antonio
Mordini
(b. 1819 - d. 1902)
Aragonese Viceroys on Sicily
1415 - Aug 1416
Juan conde de
Peñafiel, infante (b. 1398 - d. 1479)
de Castilla
1416 - 1419
Domingo Ram y Lanaja, obispo de
(b. c.1345 - d. 1445)
Lérida
+ Antonio Cardona
1419 - 1421
Antonio Cardona
+ Fernán
Velázquez de Cuéllar (d. 1426)
+ Martín de Torres
1421 -
1422
Giovanni de Podio Nuchi, obispo (d. 1431)
de
Catania
+ Arnaldo
Ruggiero de Pallas
+ Niccolò Castagna
1422 - 1423
Giovanni de Podio Nuchi,
obispo (s.a.)
de Catania
+ Arnaldo Ruggiero de Pallas
+ Fernán Velázquez de
Cuéllar (s.a.)
1423 - 1424
Niccolò Speciale
(d. 1484)
1424 - 1425
Pedro de Aragón, infante de Aragón
(b. 1406 - d. 1438)
(1st time)(minister Plenipotentiary)
1425 - 1429
Niccolò Speciale
(s.a.)
1429 -
1430
Niccolò Speciale
(s.a.)
+ Guillermo de
Montagnans
(b. 1383 - d. 1475)
4 Apr 1430 - 1432
Niccolò Speciale
+ Guillermo de
Montagnans (s.a.)
+ Giovanni de Ventimiglia
29 Nov 1432 - 8 Jun 1435 Pedro Felice
+ Adamo Asmondo
(acting)
1435
Pedro de Aragón,
infante de Aragón (s.a.)
(2nd
time)(minister Plenipotentiary)
1435
Ruggiero Paruta
1435
Antonio de Cardona y
Jérica (b.
1395 - d. 1458)
+ Adamo Asmondo
+ Leonardo di Bartolomeo
+ Battista
Platamone
(acting)
1435
Pedro de Aragón,
infante de Aragón (s.a.)
1435 - 1438
Ruggiero Paruta (1st time)
+ Battista
Platamone (1st time)
1438 - 1439
Ruggiero Paruta (2nd time)
1439 - 1440
Bernardo Requesens
1440 - 1440
Gilberto Centelles
+ Battista
Platamone (2nd time)
1441 - 1443
Raimundo Perellós
1443 - 1446
Lope Ximénez de Urrea
1446 - 1449
Antonio Rosso Spadafora, conde
de Sclafani
1449 - 1453
Adamo Asmondo
+ Pietro Speciale
+ Pietro Gaetano
(b. c.1400 - d. 1459)
+ Calcerano de Corbera
+ Giovanni Abatellis
(acting)
1453 - 1456
Simone di Bologna, arzobispo
de (b. 1419 - d. 1465)
Palermo
1456 - 1459
Antonio Rosso Spadafora, conde de
Sclafani
(acting)
1459 - 1462
Juan de Moncayo
28 Oct 1462 - 22 May 1463 Ramón de Moncada, conde
de Adernó
1463 - 1465
Bernardo Requesens
1465 - 1475
Lope III Ximénez de Urrea y de
(b. c.1405 - d. 1475)
Bardaixi
1475
Juan Tomás de Moncada, conde
de
Adernó (1st time) (acting)
1475 - 1477
Guillermo Pujades
+ Guillermo
Peralta
1477 -
1478
Juan de Cardona, conde de Prades (b. c.1470
- d. 1512)
1478 - 1479
Juan Tomás de Moncada, conde de
Adernó (2nd time) (acting)
1479 - 1483
Gaspar de Spes, conte di Sclafani (b.
c.1430 - d. af.1500)
(Gaspar d'Espés)
1483 -
1487
Raimondo Santapau
+ Giovanni
Valguarnera, barón
de
Asaro
(acting)
1487 - 1489
Raimondo Santapau
+ José Centelles
(acting)
1489 - 1494
Fernando de Acuña
1494 - 1498
Juan Tomás de Moncada, conde de
Adernó (3rd time) (acting)
1498 - 1506
Juan de Lanuza y Pimentel
1506 - 1507
Giovanni Paternò, arzobispo de
Palermo
(acting)
1507 - 1509
Ramón Folc de
Cardona-Anglesola, (b. 1476 - d. 1522)
conde de Albent
1509
Giovanni Paternò, arzobispo
de
Palermo
+ Guillermo Ramón de Moncada (b.
1440 - d. 1520)
(acting)
1509 - 1512
Hugo (Ugo) de Moncada
(b. 1476 - d. 1528)
1512 - 1516
Bernardo Bologna, arzobispo de
Messina (acting)
Spanish Viceroys on Sicily
1516
Simone de Ventimiglia, marqués
(b. 1485 - d. 1545)
de
Irache (1st time)
+ Mateo Santapau, marqués de Licodia
(acting)
1516 - 1517
Giovan Vincenzo de Luna, conde di
Caltabellotta e di Sclafani,
barone di Bivona
(acting)
1517 - 1522
Héctor Pignatelli, conde de
(b. c.1450 - d. 1536)
Monteleón
1522 - 1526
Camilo Pignatelli, conte de
Borello(b. c.1470 - d. 1529)
+ Giovanni Alliata,
barón de
Castellamare
(acting)
1526 - 1535
Enrique de Cardona, obispo de
(b. 1485 - d. 1540)
Monreale (acting)
1535
Simone de Ventimiglia,
marqués (s.a.)
de Irache (2nd time) (acting)
1535 -
1536
Ferrante Gonzaga, duque de Ariano (b. 1507 - d.
1557)
1536 - 1538
Juan de Moncada, conde de Aitona
(acting)
1538 - 1539
Arnaldo Albertino, obispo
de (b. 1480 - d. 1544)
Patti (acting)
1539 - 1540
Juan de Aragón y Tagliavia,
marqués de Terranova (1st time)
(acting)
1540 -
1541
Poncio Santapau, marqués de
Licodia
(acting)
1541 -
1542
Simone de Ventimiglia, marqués
(s.a.)
de
Irache (3rd time) (acting)
1542 - 1544
Alfonso de Cardona, conde de
Chiusa y de Giuliana (acting)
1544 - 1546
Juan de Aragón y Tagliavia,
marqués de Terranova (2nd time)
(acting)
1546 - 1547
Ambrosio Santapau, marqués de
Licodia
(acting)
1547 - 1550
Juan de Vega y Enríquez de Acuña, (b.
1507 - d. 1558)
conde de Grajal
1550 -
1557
Fernando de Vega (acting)
1557
Pedro de Aragón y Tagliavia,
(b. c.1499 - d. 1558)
cardenal
y arzobispo de Palermo
(acting)
1557 - 1558
Juan de la Cerda y Silva,
(b. c.1514 - d. 1575)
duque de
Medinaceli
1558 - 1559
Niccolò Caracciolo, obispo de
Catania (acting)
1559 - 1565
Fernando de Silva, marqués de
la Favara (acting)
1565
Bartolomeo
Sebastiano, obispo
de Patti (1st time) (acting)
1565
García Álvarez de
Toledo y Osorio, (b. 1514 - d. 1577)
marqués
de Villafranca del Bierzo
1565 -
1566
Antonio Doria, marqués de San
Esteban
(acting)
1566
Bartolomeo Sebastiano,
obispo
de Patti
(2nd time) (acting)
1566 - 1568
Carlos de Aragón y
Tagliavia, (b. 1530 - d.
1599)
príncipe de Castelvetrano
(1st
time) (acting)
1568 -
1571
Francisco Fernando de Ávalos, (b.
1531 - d. 1571)
marqués de Pescara
1571
José Francisco Landriano,
conde
de Landriano (acting)
1571 - 1577
Carlos de Aragón y Tagliavia,
(s.a.)
príncipe de Castelvetrano
(2nd time) (acting)
1577 -
1582
Marco Antonio Colonna, duque de (b.
1535 - d. 1584)
Tagliacozzo
1582 -
1584
Fabrizio Ruffo, principe di Scilla (d. 1587)
(acting)
1584 -
1585
Juan Alfonso Bisbal, conde de (d.
af.1585)
Briático
(acting)
1585 - 1592
Diego Enríquez de Guzmán,
conde (b. c.1535 - d. 1601)
de Alba de Liste
1592 -
1595
Enrique de Guzmán, conde de
(b. 1540 - d. 1607)
Olivares
1595 - 1598
Giovanni Ventimiglia, principe di (b.
1559 - d. 1619)
Castelbuono (1st time) (acting)
1598 -
1601
Bernardino de Cárdenas y Portugal, (b. 1553 - d. 1601)
duque de
Maqueda
1601 -
1602
Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de (b.
1584 - d. 1644)
Lara, marqués de Elche
1602 - 1606
Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa,
duque (b. 1559 - d. 1607)
de Feria
1606
Giovanni Ventimiglia, principe di (s.a.)
Castelbuono (2nd time) (acting)
1606 - 1610
Juan Fernández Pacheco, duque de (b.
1563 - d. 1615)
Escalona
1610 - 1611
Giovanni cardinale Doria,
(b. 1573 - d. 1642)
arcivescovo di Palermo
(1st time) (acting)
1611 - 1616
Pedro Téllez–Girón,
duque de Osuna (b. 1574 - d. 1624)
1616
Giovanni cardinale Doria,
(b. 1573 - d. 1642)
arcivescovo di Palermo
(2nd time) (acting)
1616 - 1622
Francisco Ruiz de Castro,
duque (b. 1579 - d. 1637)
de Taurisano
1622 -
1624
Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia
(b. 1588 - d. 1624)
1624 - 1626
Giovanni cardinale Doria,
(b. 1573 - d. 1642)
arcivescovo di Palermo
(3rd time) (acting)
1626 - 1627
Antonio Pimentel, marqués
de (b. c.1590 - d.
1627)
Távara
1627
Enrique Pimentel, conde de
(b. c.1604 - d. 1663)
Villada (acting)
1627 - 1632
Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, (b.
1575 - d. 1637)
duque de
Alburquerque
1632 -
1635
Fernando Afán de Ribera
y
(b. 1583 - d. 1637)
Enríquez,
duque de Alcalá
1635 - 1639
Luis Guillermo de Moncada,
(b. 1614 - d. 1672)
duque de
Montalto
1639 - 1641
Giovanni cardinale Doria,
(s.a.)
arcivescovo di Palermo
(4th time) (acting)
1641 -
1644
Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera, (b. 1600 - d.
1647)
conde de Módica
1644
Pedro Fajardo de Zúñiga y
(b. 1602 - d. 1647)
Requesens, marqués de los Vélez
1644 - 1647
Giovanni Torresiglia,
arcivescovo (d. 1648)
di Monreale (acting)
1647 - 1648
Luis Francisco Núñez de Guzmán, (b. 1615 -
d. 1674)
marqués
de Montealegre
+ Teodoro cardenale
Trivulzio (b. 1597 - d. 1656)
(acting)
1648 -
1650
Juan José de Austria
(b. 1529 - d. 1679)
1650 -
1651
Melchor Centelles de Borgia (acting)
1651
Antonio Ronquillo
Briceño
(b. 1590 - d. 1651)
+ Martín de León y Cárdenas, (b.
1584 - d. 1655)
arzobispo de Palermo
(acting)
1651 -
1655
Rodrigo de Mendoza, duque del (b.
1614 - d. 1657)
Infantado
1655 - 1656
Juan Téllez–Girón, duque de
Osuna (b. 1597 - d. 1656)
1656
Francisco Gisulfo y
Osorio, (b.
1602 - d. 1664)
obispo de Cefalú (acting)
1656 -
1657
Martín de Redín y Cruzat (acting) (b. 1579 - d.
1660)
1657
Juan Bautista Ortiz de
Espinosa
(acting)
1657 - 1660
Pietro Martino Rubeo, arcivescovo
(d. 1667)
di Palermo (acting)
1660 - 1663
Fernando de Ayala, conde de Ayala (b.
c.1620 - d. 1676)
1664 -
1667
Francesco Gaetano, duque de
(b. 1613 - d. 1683)
Sermoneta
1667 -
1670
Francisco Fernández de La
Cueva, (b. 1619 - d. 1676)
duque de
Alburquerque
1670 -
1674
Claude Lamoral, príncipe de Ligne (b. 1618 - d.
1679)
1674
Francisco Bazán de
Benavides, (b. 1619 - d. 1676)
marqués
de Bayona
1674 -
1676
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo,
(b. 1635 - d. 1705)
marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo
1676 -
1677
Anielo Guzmán, marqués
de (b. 1641 - d. 1677)
Castel Roderigo (interim)
1677
Leonor de Moura y Aragón,
(b. 1642? - d. 1707)
marquesa de Castel Roderigo (f)
(interim)
1677 -
1678
Luis Manuel Fernández cardenal
(b. 1635 - d. 1709)
Portocarrero, arzobispo de
Toledo (interim)
1678 -
1679
Vincenzo Gonzaga Doria
(b. 1602 - d. 1694)
1679 -
1687
Francisco de Benavides Dávila y (b. 1640 -
d. 1716)
Corella, conde de Santisteban
1687 -
1696
Juan Francisco Pacheco Téllez- (b. 1649 -
d. 1718)
Girón, duque de Uceda
1696 -
1701
Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal y (b. 1651 -
d. 1710)
de la Cueva, duque de Veragua
1701 -
1702
Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y (b. 1650 -
d. 1725)
Zúñiga, marqués de Villena,
duque d'Escalona
1702 -
1705
Francesco Cardinale del Giudice
(b. 1647 - d. 1725)
(interim)
1705 -
1707
Isidro de la Cueva y Benavides, (b. 1667 -
d. 1723)
marqués de Bedmar
23 Apr 1707 - 11 Oct
1713 Carlos Antonio Spinola, marqués
(b. 1665 - d. 1721)
de
los Balbases
Piedmont-Savoy Commander
1714 -
1718
Aníbal Maffei, conte de Maffei
(b. 1666 - d. 1735)
Spanish Commander
1718 -
1719
Juan Francisco de Bette, marqués (b. 1672 - d.
1725)
de
Lede
Austrian Commanders
1719 - Jul
1719
Florimund Claudius Graf von Mercy (b. 1666 - d.
1734)
(1st time)
Jul 1719 -
1719
Johann Hieronymus Freiherr von (b.
1660 - d. 1732)
und zum Jungen (acting)
1719 - 11 Nov
1719
Florimund Claudius Graf von Mercy (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Austrian Viceroys
11 Nov 1719 -
1722
Niccolò Pignatelli, duca di
Monteleón y Terranova
(b. 1648 - d. 1730)
2 Jul 1722 -
1728
Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero,
(b. 1681 - d. 1760)
marqués de Almahara
1728 - 2 Sep
1734
Cristóbal Fernández de Córdoba
de (b. 1672 - d. 1748)
Alagon, conde de Sástago y Morato,
marqués de Aquilar
Spanish Viceroys
2 Sep 1734 -
1734
José Carrillo de Albornoz y (b.
1674 - d. 1747)
Montiel, duque de Montemar
1734
conte
di Marsiglia (acting)
1734 -
1737
Pedro de Castro y Figueroa
(b. c.1685 - d. 1741)
marqués de Gracía Real (acting)
1737 -
1747
Bartolomeo Corsini,
(b. 1683 - d. 1752)
principe di Sismano
1747 -
1754
Eustachio de la
Viefuille,
(d. 1754)
duca di Viefuille
1754 -
1755
Giuseppe Griman (acting)
1755
Marcello Papiniano Cusani,
(b. 1690 - d. 1766)
arcivescovo di
Palermo (acting)
Jun 1755 - 1759
Giovanni Fogliani Sforza
marchese de Pellegrino
(b. 1697 - d. 1780)
Naples Viceroys on Sicily
1759 -
1768
Giovanni Fogliani Sforza
marchese de Pellegrino
(s.a.)
(1st time)
1768
Egidio Pietrasanta, principe
di San Pietro (acting)
1768 -
1773
Giovanni Fogliani Sforza
machese de
Pellegrino
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1774 -
1775
Serafino
Filangieri,
(b. 1713 - d. 1782)
arcivescovo di Palermo
(acting)
1775 - 1778
Marc'Antonio Colonna,
(b. 1724 - d. 1796)
principe Stigliano
1778 - 1781
Antonio de Cordada y
Brù (acting)
1781 - 1784
Domenico Caracciolo, marchese (b.
1715 - d. 1789)
di Villamaina
1784 - 1786
Francesco Ferdinando
Sanseverino, (b. 1723 - d. 1793)
arcivescovo di
Palermo (acting)
1786
Gioacchino Fons de Viela (acting)
Apr 1786 - 1794
Francesco
d'Aquino,
(b. 1738 - d. 1795)
principe di Caramanico
1794 -
1798
Filippo Lopez y Rojo,
(b. 1728 - d. 1811)
arcivescovo di Palermo (acting)
1798
Tommaso Firrao, principe di (b.
1753 - d. 1818)
Sant'Agata e di Luzzi
1798 -
1802
the king
1802 -
1803
Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte, (b.
1750 - d. 1803)
arcivescovo de Palermo (acting)
1803 -
1806
Alessandro Filangieri,
(b. 1740 - d. 1806)
principe di Cutò
1806 -
1812
the king
Vicars-General
16 Jan 1812 - 4 Jul 1814
Francesco di Borbone, duca
di Calabria (1st time)
(s.a.)
1814 -
1815
Ferdinando
III
(s.a.)
15 May 1815 – 24 Mar 1816
Francesco di Borbone, duca
di
Calabria (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Mar 1816 -
1817
Niccolò Filangieri, principe
(b. 1760 - d. 1839)
di Cutò (acting)
1817 - 6 Oct 1818
Francesco di
Borbone, duca
(s.a.)
di Calabria (3rd time)
6 Oct 1818 - 1819
Carlos de Avarna, duca di Gualtieri(b. 1757
- d. 1836)
+
Gioacchino di Ferreri,
duca di Ferreri
(b. 1737 - d. 1828)
(acting)
8 Aug 1819 - 1820
Francesco di Borbone, duca
(s.a.)
di
Calabria (4th time)
Lieutenant-generals
1820 - 19 Jul 1820
Diego Naselli, principe d'Aragón
(b. 1754 - d. 1832)
20 Jul 1820 – 28 Jul 1820
Ruggiero
Settimo
(s.a.)
29 Jul 1820 – 17 Nov 1820
Antonio
Ruffo,
(b. 1778 - d. 1846)
principe di Scaletta
17 Nov 1820 - 20? Dec 1820 Pietro
Cardinale Gravina, (b.
1749 - d. 1830)
arcivescovo di Palermo
28 May 1821 – Jun 1822
Niccolò Filangieri,
(s.a.)
principe di Cutò
24 Jun 1822 - 1824
Antonio
Lucchesi-Palli,
principe di
Campofranco
(b. 1781 - d. 1856)
(1st time)
16 Jun 1824 - 1830
Pietro Ugo,
marchese della
(b. 17.. - d. 1847)
Favare
8 Nov 1830 – 4 Mar 1831 Vito,
marchese Nunziante
(b. 1775 - d. 1836)
5 Mar 1831 – 29 Aug 1835 Leopoldo
di Borbone, conte (b. 1813 -
d. 1860)
di Siracusa
29 Aug 1835 – 31 Oct 1837
Antonio Lucchesi-Palli,
principe di
Campofranco
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
3 Oct 1837 – 17 Mar 1839 Onorato
Gaetani
dell'Aquila (b.
1770 - d. 1857)
d'Aragona, duca di Laurenzana
17 Mar 1839 – 23 Sep 1840
Giuseppe Antonio Carlo de Tschudy, (b. 1773 - d. 1840)
marchese di San Pasquale (acting)
Sep
1840
Pietro Vial
27 Sep 1840 – Jan 1848 Luigi Nicola
de Majo, duca
(b. 1774 - d. 18..)
di
San Pietro
18 Jan 1848 - 1848
Luigi di
Borbone, conte d'Aquila (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
10 Mar 1848 - 1849
Ruggero
Settimo
(s.a.)
9 Oct 1849 – 12 Feb 1855 Carlo
Filangieri,
(b. 1784 - d. 1867)
principe di Satriano, (from 1849)
duca de Tairmina
13 Apr 1855 - May
1860 Paolo Ruffo di Bagnara,
principe (b. 1791 - d. 1866)
di Castelcicala
15 May 1860 - 19 Jun 1860 Ferdinando
Lanza
(b. 1788 - d. 1865)
Commanders-in-chief of British Forces in Sicily
17 Feb 1806 - Apr 1806 James
Henry Craig
(b. 1748 - d. 1812)
Apr 1806 - Jun 1807 Sir John
Stuart (1st time)
(b. 1759 - d.
1815)
Jun 1807 - Jul 1807 Henry
Edward Fox
(b. 1755 – d. 1811)
Jul 1807 - Sep 1807 Sir
John Moore
(b. 1761 - d. 1809)
Sep 1807 - Apr 1808 John
Coape Sherbrooke (acting) (b. 1764 -
d. 1830)
Apr 1808 - Jul 1811
Sir John Stuart, Count of Maida (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Jul 1811 - 18 Jul 1814 Lord William
Bentinck
(b. 1774 - d. 1839)
British Ambassador
Jul 1814 -
1815
William à Court
(b. 1779 - d. 1860)
Two Sicilies
Kings¹
8 Dec 1816 - 4 Jan 1825 Ferdinando
I
(s.a.)
(= Ferdinando IV of Naples)
4 Jan 1825 - 8 Nov 1830 Francesco
I
(b. 1777 - d. 1830)
8 Nov 1830 - 22 May 1859
Ferdinando
II
(b. 1810 - d. 1859)
22 May 1859 - 7 Sep 1860
Francesco
II
(b. 1836 - d. 1894)
(in Gaeta exile 6 Sep 1860 -
14 Feb 1861,
then in Rome exile to 20 Sep 1870)
Dictator
7 Sep 1860 - 8 Nov
1860 Giuseppe
Garibaldi
(b. 1807 - d. 1882)
(on the island of Sicily from 11 May 1860)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
Jan 1815 - 4 Jun 1815
Donato Antonio Tommasi (1st
time) (b. 1761 - d. 1831)
(provisional)
4 Jun 1815 - 27 Jun 1816 Tommaso di
Somma, marchese di (b.
1737 - d. 1826)
Circello (1st time)
27 Jun 1816 - 9 Jul 1820 Luigi de'
Medici (1st time) (b. 1759 -
d. 1830)
13 Jul 1820 - Mar 1821 Provisional
Committee
23 Mar 1821 - Jun 1822 Tommaso
di Somma, marchese di
(s.a.)
Circello (2nd time)
(president of provisional government to 15 May 1821)
Jun 1822 - 25 Jan
1830 Luigi de' Medici (2nd
time) (s.a.)
25 Jan 1830 - 11 Mar 1831 Donato
Antonio Tommasi (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1831 - 18 May 1836 Carlo
Avarna di Gualtieri, marchese(b. 1757 - d. 1836)
di
Castania, duca di Gualtieri e
barone di Sicaminò Grappida
18 May 1836 - 14 Jan 1840 Girolamo Ruffo di
Bagnara (interim)(b. 1779 - d. 1865)
14 Jan 1840 - 27 Jan 1848 Giuseppe Ceva Grimaldi
Pisanelli, (b. 1777 - d. 1862)
marchese di PPietracatella,
duca delle Pesche
28 Jan 1848 - 3 Apr 1848
Nicola Maresca Donnorso di
(b. 1790 - d. 1870)
Serracapriola
3 Apr 1848 - 15 May 1848
Carlo Troya (Troja)
(b. 1784 - d. 1858)
16 May 1848 - 7 Aug 1849
Gennaro Spinelli, principe
di (b. 1780 - d. 1851)
Cariati
8 Aug 1849 - 18 Jan 1852 Giustino
Fortunato, senior
(b. 1777 - d.
1862)
19 Jan 1852 - 7 Jun 1859
Ferdinando Troya
(Troja)
(b. 1786 - d. 1861)
8 Jun 1859 - 16 Mar 1860
Carlo Filangieri, principe
di (b. 1784 - d. 1867)
Satriano,
duca di Cardinale e di
Taormina, barone di Davoli e di
Sansoste
16 Mar 1860 - 25 Jun 1860
Antonio Statella, principe di (b.
1785 - d. 1864)
Cassaro
25 Jun 1860 - Sep 1860
Antonio Spinelli dei
principi (b. 1795 - d.
1884)
di Scalea
Sep 1860 - Feb
1861 Francesco
Casella (in Gaeta exile) (b. 1781 - d. 1875) Mil
1861 - 1866
Pietro Calà Ulloa, duca
di Lauria (b. 1801 - d. 1879)
(in Rome exile)
1866 -
1870
Francesco di Tocco, principe di (b. 1790 -
d. 1877)
Montemiletto (in Rome exile)
¹full style of the rulers:
(a) 1282 - 1381: Dei gratia Rex
Ierusalem Sicilie Ducatus Apulie et Principatus Capue;
[to 1289] Princeps Achaye; Andegavie [to 1290]
Provincie Forchalquerii et [to 1285] Tornodori, [from
1306] et Pedimontis Comes ("By grace of
God, King of Jerusalem, Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and
Prince of Capua; [to 1289] Prince of Achaea; Count of
Anjou [to 1290], Provence, Forcalquier, [to 1285]
Tonnerre, [from 1306] and Piedmont");
(b) 1476 - 1501: Dei gratia Rex
Sicilie, Hierusalem, etc. ("By grace of
God, King of Sicily, Jerusalem, etc.");
(c) 1504 - 1516: dei gratia Rex
Aragonum, Sicilie citra et ultra farum, Hierusalem,
Valentie, Maioricarum, Sardinie, Corsice; Comes
Barchinone; Dux Athenarum et Neopatrie; Comes
Roxilionis et Ceritanie; Marchio Orestani et Gotiani ("King
of Aragon, Sicily this side of the Lighthouse and beyond
the Lighthouse, Jerusalem, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia,
Corsica; Count of Barcelona; Duke of Athens, and
Neopatria; Count of Roussillon, and Cerdagne; Margrave
of Oristano, and Goceano");
(d) 1558 - 1581: Dei Gratia, Rex
Castellae, Aragonum, Legionis, vtriusque Siciliae,
Hierusalem, Vngariae, Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Nauarrae,
Granatae, Toleti, Valentiae, Galitiae, Maioricarum,
Hispalis, Sardiniae, Cordubae, Corsicae, Murtiae,
Giennis, Algarbiorum, Algezirae, Gibraltaris,
Insularum Canariae, necnon Insularum Indiarum, Terrae
firmae, Maris Oceani, Archidux Austriae, Dux
Burgundiae, Brabantiae, & Mediolani, Comes
Barcinonae, Flandriae & Tirolis, Dominus Viscaiae,
& Molinae, Dux Athenarum, & Neopatriae, Comes
Rossilionis, & Ceritaniae, Marchio Oristanni,
& Gotiani, &c. ("By the grace of
God, King of Castile, Aragon, both Sicilies, Jerusalem,
Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Leon, Navarra, Granada,
Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Sevilla, Sardinia,
Cordova, Corsica, Murcia, Jaen, the Algarves, Algeciras,
Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Islands of Indias,
Mainland of the Ocean Sea; Archduke of Austria; Duke of
Burgundy, Brabant and Milan; Count of Barcelona,
Flanders, and Tyrol; Lord of Biscay, and Molina; Duke of
Athens, and Neopatria; Count of Roussillon, and
Cerdagne; Margrave of Oristano, and Goceano, etc.");
(e) 1668 - 1711: Dei Gratia Rex
Castellae, Aragonum, Legionis, Utriusque Siciliae,
Hierusalem, Portugaliae, Hungariae, Dalmatiae,
Croatiae, Navarrae, Granatae, Toleti, Valentiae,
Galleciae, Maioricarum, Hispalis, Sardiniae, Cordubae,
Corsicae, Murtiae, Giennis, Algarbii, Algezirae,
Gibraltaris, Insularum Canariae, nec non Indiarum
Orientalium et Occidentalium Insularum ac Terrae
firmae Maris Oceani, Archidux Austriae, Dux
Burgundiae, Brabantiae, Mediolani, Atthenarum et
Neopatriae, Comes Abspurgii, Flandriae, Tyrolis,
Barcinonae, Rossilionis et Ceritaniae, Marchio
Oristani et Goceani ("By the grace of
God, King of Castile, Aragon, Leon, Both Sicilies,
Jerusalem, Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Navarra, Granada,
Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Sevilla, Sardinia,
Cordova, Corsica, Murcia, Jaen, the Algarves, Algeciras,
Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Islands of East and
West Indies, Mainland of the Ocean Sea; Archduke of
Austria; Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Milan, Athenas, and
Neopatria; Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol,
Barcelona, Roussillon, and Cerdagne; Margrave of
Oristano and Goceano");
(f) 1711 - 1734: Divina favente
clementia Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus, Rex
Germaniae, Castellae, Aragonum, Legionis, Utriusque
Siciliae, Hyerusalem, Hungariae, Bohemiae, Dalmatiae,
Croatiae, Navarrae, Granatae, Toleti, Valentiae,
Galletiae, Majoricarum, Hispalis, Sardiniae, Cordubae,
Corsicae, Murtiae, Giennis, Algarbrii, Algecirae,
Gibraltar et Insularum Canariae, nec non Indiarum
Orientalium & Occidentalium, Insularum, ac Terrae
firmae Maris Oceani, Archidux Austriae, Dux Burgundie,
Brabantie, Mediolani, Stirie, Carintie, Carniolae,
Luxemburgi, Virtemberg, Superioris & inferioris
Silesie, Athenarum, & Neopatrie, Princeps Svevie,
Marchio S.R. Imperii, Burgovie, Moravie, Superioris,
& inferioris Lusatie, Comes Abspurgi, Flandrie,
Tirolis, Barcinone, Ferretis, Kiburgi, Gorithie,
Rossillonis, & Ceritaniae, Landgravius Alsatie,
Marchio Oristani, & Comes Gocceani, Dominus Marche
Sclavonie, Portus Naonis, Viscaje, Moline, Salinarum,
Tripolis, & Mechlinie, etc. ("By
favor of divine clemency Emperor of the Romans, always
Augustus; King of Germany, Castile, Aragon, Leon, both
Sicilies, Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia,
Croatia, Navarra, Grenada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia,
Majorca, Sevilla, Sardinia, Cordova, Corsica, Murcia,
Jaen, the Algarve, Algeciras, Gibraltar, and the Canary
Islands, the Islands of East and West Indies, Mainland
of the Ocean Sea; Archduke of Austria; Duke of Burgundy,
Brabant, Milan, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Luxemburg,
Württemberg, the Upper and Lower Silesia, Athens, and
Neopatria; Prince of Swabia; Margrave of the Holy Roman
Empire, of Burgau, Moravia, the Upper and Lower Lusatia;
Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, Barcelona, Ferrette,
Kyburg, Goritia, Roussillon, and Cerdagne; Landgrave of
Alsace; Margrave of Oristano; and Count of Gociano; Lord
of the Wendish Mark, Portenau, Biscay, Molina, Salins,
Tripoli, and Mechelen, etc.");
(g) 1734 - 1806: per la grazia di
Dio Re delle Due Sicilie, di Gerusalemme &c.,
Infante di Spagna, Duca di Parma, Piacenza, Castro,
&c., Gran Principe Ereditario di Toscana, &c.,
&c. ("By grace of God, King of the
Two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, etc., Infant of Spain, Duke
of Parma, Piacenza, Castro, etc., Hereditary Grand
Prince of Tuscany, etc., etc.");
(h) 1815 - 1825: Per grazia di Dio
Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie, di Gerusalemme, etc.,
Infante di Spagna, Duca di Parma, Piacenza, Castro,
ec., ec., Gran Principe ereditario di Toscana ec. ec.
ec. ("By grace of God, King
of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, etc.,
Infant of Spain, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, Castro, etc.,
Hereditary Grand Prince of Tuscany, etc., etc.");
(i) 1825 - 1860: per la Grazia di Dio Re del Regno
delle Due Sicilie, di Gerusalemme, ec., Duca di Parma,
Piacenza, Castro, ec. ec., Gran Principe Ereditario di
Toscana, ec. ec. ec. ("By Grace of God, King of
the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, etc.,
Duke of Parma, Piacenza, Castro, etc., etc., Hereditary
Grand Prince of Tuscany, etc., etc, etc.")
²The members of the Executive Commission were Giuseppe Antonio Abbamonte (= Abbamonti) (s.a.), Giuseppe Leonardo Maria Albanese (b. 1759 - d. 1799), Ercole D'Agnese (s.a.), Ignazio Ciaja (= Ciaia) (s.a.), Melchiorre Delfico (b. 1744 - d. 1835); the last-named did not take office. The sources are not categorical in identifying D'Agnese as the president during this entire period.
³The 5-member Executive Directory (in Italian also styled Arcontato) was prescribed by the Constitution; however, the consulted sources do not positively claim that the Constitution was put into effect.
4full
style of the Napoleonic rulers:
(a) 11 May 1806 - 8 Jul 1808: Per
la grazia di Dio Re di Napoli e di Sicilia
("By the Grace of God King of Naples and of Sicily");
(b) 1 Aug 1808 - 19 May 1815: Per grazia di
Dio e per la Costituzione dello Stato Re delle Due
Sicilie ("By the grace
of God and the Constitution of the State, King of the
Two Sicilies").
Pescara
|
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![[Republic of Pescara
1799 (Italy)]](it-napol.gif "[Republic of Pescara 1799
(Italy)]")
24 Dec
1798
Pescara
occupied by French forces.
1 Jan
1799
Municipality organized as a republic (Repubblica
di Pescara/
République de Pescara also
called the Repubblica Abruzzese/
République des Abruzzes).
Mar
1799
Administrative plan for the republic promulgated.
27 Apr
1799
French forces are withdrawn from the Abruzzo,
republicans
remain in defense of some cities, while the territory
falls under the control of "the masses."
4 May
1799
Bourbon troops begin siege of Pescara.
10 May
1799
Aquila under Bourbon control.
30 Jun
1799
Pescara falls to Bourbon forces.
President of the Municipality
1 Jan 1799
- 12 Jan 1799 Michele Pina
President of the
Temporary Supreme Council
12 Jan 1799 - 30 Jun
1799 Melchior
Delfico
(b. 1744 - d. 1835)
|
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![[Duchy of
Urbino flag c.1505 - 1631 (Italy)]](it-urbino.gif "[Duchy of Urbino flag c.1505 - 1631
(Italy)]")
|
|
(Pesaro 1523-1631) |
|
1213
Lordship of Urbino
1234 –
1508
Under the Montefeltro dynasty.
1286 – Sep 1289
Papal
rule.
26 Apr 1322 – Apr 1324
Papal rule.
27 Mar
1328
Possession of comitatus
confirmed to city, rather then
the Montefeltro.
26 Jul 1355 – 24 Dec
1375 Papal rule.
26 Apr 1443
Duchy of Urbino
(Ducatus Urbini/Ducato di Urbino).
24 Jul
1444
Lordship
of Urbino, but ruler is styled Count of Urbino
(Comes Urbini/Conte
di Urbino).
23 Aug
1474
Duchy of Urbino (restored).
Apr 1502 - 18 Oct 1502
Papal rule under Cesare Borgia, duca
di Valentino.
11 Apr 1508 – 1 Jan 1625
Under the Della Rovere dynasty (except 1516-1522).
1 Jan 1514
Pesaro and Senigallia
Lordships acquired.
15 Oct 1516 – 18 May 1522
Duke being excommunicated, Urbino is
given to Tuscany ().
6 Feb 1517 - 17 Sep 1517 Duke
Francesco Maria I Della Rovere re-occupies Urbino.
15 May 1522
Duchy of Urbino (Ducato
di Urbino)(restored).
1 Jan 1625
Under rule of Papal State.
12 May
1631
Formally annexed to Papal State.
Lords (title
Signore di Urbino)
26 Apr 1322 – Apr 1324
Papal rule
Apr 1324 - 26 Jul 1355
Nolfo di Federico da Montefeltro (b. 1295
- d. 1363)
26 Jul 1355 – 24 Dec 1375 Papal
rule
24 Dec 1375 - 29 Apr 1404
Antonio II da Montefeltro
(b. 1348 - d. 1404)
29 Apr 1404 - 21
Feb 1443 Guidantonio da Montefeltro
(b. 1377 - d. 1443)
(Guido Antonio)
21 Feb 1443 - 26 Apr 1443 Oddantonio
II da Montefeltro
(b. 1426 – d. 1444)
(Oddo Antonio)
Duke (title Duca di
Urbino)
26 Apr 1443 – 22 Jul 1444
Oddantonio II
(s.a.)
Count
22 Jul 1444 – 23 Aug 1474
Federico II da Montefeltro
(b. 1442 – d. 1482)
Dukes
(title Duca di Urbino)
23 Aug 1474 – 10 Sep 1482
Federico II
(s.a.)
10 Sep 1482 – Apr
1502 Guidobaldo I (1st
time)
(b. 1472 – d. 1508)
Apr 1502 – 18 Oct 1502
Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (b. 1475 – d.
1507)
18 Oct 1502 – 11 Apr 1508
Guidobaldo I (2nd time)
(s.a.)
11 Apr 1508 – 15 Oct 1516
Francesco Maria I (1st
time) (b. 1490 – d.
1538)
15 Oct 1516 – 18 May 1522
the rulers of Tuscany
6 Feb 1517 - 17 Sep 1517 Francesco
Maria I (in dissidence) (s.a.)
18 May 1522 – 20 Oct 1538 Francesco Maria I (2nd
time) (s.a.)
20 Oct 1538 – 28 Sep 1574 Guidobaldo II
(b. 1514 - d. 1574)
28 Sep 1574 – 1 Jan 1625 Francesco
Maria II
(b. 1549 – d. 1631)
14 May 1621 – 28 Jun 1623 Federico Ubaldo
-Regent
(b. 1605 – d. 1623)
(Governatore degli Stati
Rovereschi)
Governors and Lieutenant generals
15 Oct 1516 - 6 Feb
1517 Giulio Vitelli, vescovo di
Città (b. 1458 - d. 1530)
di Castello
6 Feb 1517 - 17 Sep 1517 occupied by
Duke Francesco Maria I
28 Sep 1517 – 18 May 1522 Roberto,
conte Boschetti
(b. 1472 - d. 1529)
Administrators and Apostolic
Governors
1 Jan 1625 - May 1627
Berlinghiero Gessi
(b. 1563 - d.
1639)
May 1627 - May 1631
Lorenzo Campeggi,(from 11 Dec 1628)(b. 1574 -
d. 1639)
vescovo di Senigallia
Venice
|
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|
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![[Most Serene
Republic of Venice civil flag 14th cent.-1797
(Italy)]](it-snmr1.gif "[Most Serene Republic of
Venice civil flag 14th cent.-1797 (Italy)]")
![[Venetian
Republic war flag 14th cent.-1797 (Italy)]](it-snmr2.gif "[Venetian Republic war flag 14th
cent.-1797 (Italy)]")
![[Venice
unofficial flag Italian colors 1797-1798
(Italy)]](it_cisal.gif "[Venice unofficial flag
Italian colors 1797-1798 (Italy)]")
![[Venetian
Republic 1848-1849 (Italy)]](it_ven5.gif "[Venetian
Republic 1848-1849 (Italy)]")
![[Austrian Venetia
Landesfarben (possibly) c.1859 (Austria)]](ah-dal.gif "[Austrian Venetia Landesfarben
(possibly) c.1859 (Austria)]")
| Maps of Republic of Venice (1796) |
Hear National Anthem "Juditha Triumphans" (Judith Triumphant) |
Text of National
Anthem (1716-1798) |
Lombardo-Venetian
Constitution (25 Apr 1815-1866) --------------------------------- Constitution pre-1797 (none written; Statuti [Statues] |
| Capital: Venice (Venezia) (Metamauco [Malamocco] 742-811; Eraclea [Heraclia] 697-741) |
Currency: 1815-1866 Italian States Lira Austriaca (XITA); 1192-1798 Italian States Ducat (XITD) ---------------------------- Military Force: 25,000 (1790) (including irregular 19,000) |
National Holiday: 25 Apr (68) La Festa di San Marco (Feast of Saint Mark) |
Population: 2,495,000 (1857); 2,464,000 (1790)(including Dogado 97,000, Terraferma 1,939,000, Friuli 343,000, Istria 85,000) |
25 Mar
421
Legendary founding date of the city of Venice.
697
First Dux Venetiarum Provinciae (later simply,
Dux Veneticorum)
appointed.
738 - 742
Office of Dux briefly
replaced with Magister Militum.
742
Doge is locally elected (some authors argue
that attainment of
sovereign independence of the Venetian polity is
properly dated
to 836 with the election of Doge Pietro Tradonico).
803
By the Pax Nicephori
the Franks and Byzantines recognized Venetian
independence
(not ratified by Byzantines).
23 Feb 840
Emperor Lothair I recognized the
independence of Duchy of Venice
(Ducatum
Venetiae) by the Pactum Lotharii.
1143
Commune of
Venice (Comune Venetiarum),
polity style first documented
before this date, terms such as ducatus, regnum,
provincia Venecie
appear in documents.
18 Apr
1339
Treviso Lordship annexed (Austrian occupation
1381-1384).
16 Aug 1379 - 24 Jun 1380 Genoese occupy
Chioggia on the island at the southern entrance
to the
Lagoon of Venice.
25 Apr
1404
Feltre, Vicenza, Belluno and (from 10 Jun 1404)
Basano annexed.
23 Jun
1405
Verona Lordship annexed.
22 Nov 1405
Padua Lordship annexed.
9 Jul 1409
Dalmatia annexed.
7 Jun 1420
Margraviate of Istria
is divided between Venice and Austria, with
Venice controlling all the maritime cities
and most of
the seaboard.
13 Jul 1420
Duchy of Friuli and
Cadore, part of Aquileia Patriarchate,
annexed.
14 Jul 1420
Monfalcone seized by Venice
(occupied by Austria 1514-1521).
31 Jul 1441 - 29 May 1509 Venice occupies Cesena
and Ravenna (26 Feb 1441).
1443
Venice conquers the remaining territory of the
Patriarchate of
Aquileia, depriving the primate of
temporal power (patriarchate
is formally dissolved on 6
Jul 1751). The patriarch
acquiesces to
the loss ancient temporal estate
in 1445.
12 May
1462
Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia; in
Venetian: Repùblega
de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic (Repubblica
Veneta; in Venetian:
Repùblega
Vèneta), later formally the Most Serene Republic
of
Venice (Serenissima
Repubblica di Venezia; in Venetian: Serenìsima
Repùblega de Venèsia).
14 Aug 1482
Rovigo Lordship annexed (occupied by Ferrara 1508-1511).
7 Aug 1484
Gavello Marquisate annexed.
1504 - 1509
Venice occupies Cremona (from
1499), Faenza, Meldola, and Rimini.
31 May 1509 - 18 Jan 1517 Verona, Padua
and other areas under Habsburg Imperial
(from
3 Dec 1516, Spanish) occupation.
3 Jun
1796
Following defeats against the French, the Austrians
withdraw
into Venetian territory, violating its neutrality; the
French pursue the Austrians and occupy Verona.
12 Mar
1797
Bergamo expels the Venetian governor
and proclaims independence.
17 Mar
1797
Brescia expels the Venetian
governor and proclaims independence,
Crema, Salo and other cities follow.
Civil war between Venice and
the
cities of the Terraferma and France
intervenes in favor of the
cities.
26 Apr
1797
Most of Venetia (Terraferma), under French occupation.
12 May 1797
The Republic of Venice is effectively abolished in
accordance with a
resolution of the Grand Council (Maggior Consiglio)
of 12 May 1797,
proclaiming the acceptance of the provisional
representative
government.
16 May
1797
The
Provisional Municipality (Municipalità Provvisoria di
Venezia)
of Venice assumed the executive authority.
18 Jan 1798
Ceded to Austria (formally
from 25 Feb 1798, when the Archduke
of Austria adopts the additional style "duke
of Venice"),
Duchy of Venice (Herzogtum Venedig).
26 Dec
1805
Ceded by Austria to France according to the Treaty
of Pressburg.
19 Jan 1806
France takes possession; from 30 Mar
1806 part of Kingdom of Italy
(see Lombardy);
divided into the départements
of Adriatique
(Adriatico), Adige, Bacchiglione,
Brenta, Mella, Passariano,
Piave, and Tagliamento.
30
Mar 1806
The Venetian states (Stati veneti) are
incorporated into the Kingdom
of Italy
in accordance with a decree issued by the King of Italy
on 30 Mar 1806 in Paris.
5 Aug
1811
The Isonzo Valley annexed to the Illyrian intendancies
of Carniole
(Krain) and Carinthia (Kärnten), the Po Valley is
annexed
to the French département
Gênes.
8
Nov
1813
To Austria
(on 20 Apr 1814 for city of Venice)(Venetian Provinces).
20
Apr 1814
Re-incorporated into Austria.
7 Apr
1815
Component, with Lombardy, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
(Königreich Lombardo-Venetien = Regno
Lombardo-Veneto) under the
Emperor
of Austria (see under Lombardy).
22 Mar
1848
Austrian
rule terminated by revolt.
22 Mar
1848
Republic of Venice (Repubblica Veneta),
informally and poetically
styled Republic of Saint Mark. In following days most
other cities
of Venetia (Rovigo, Treviso, Vincenza, etc.) join the
new state.
4 Jul 1848 - 6 Aug 1848
Venetia (Venezia); unification of the
city and province of Venice
with
Sardinia is approved on behalf of Venice in accordance
with a
resolution passed by the Assemblea Provinciale.
27 Jul 1848 - 12 Aug
1848 Annexation of Venetia by Sardinia-Piedmont
(effective 6 Aug 1848).
11 Aug
1848
Sovereignty of the city of Venice is restored,
proclamation of 11
Aug 1848
(confined to the city of Venice and environs); Venezia
(also Stato di Venezia) is normally
used in legislation passed by
the Assemblea
Legislativa starting from 15 Feb 1849.
24 Aug 1848
Municipality of the City of Venice
27 Aug 1849
Austrian
rule restored, re-incorporated into
Lombardo-Venetian
Kingdom.
27 Aug 1849 - 23 Aug 1866
Component, with Lombardy, and, after 10 Nov 1859, sole
component,
of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the emperor of
Austria, from
1851 as
Crownland of Venetia within Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom.
24 Aug
1866
Austria agrees to cede Venetia to France.
9 Oct 1866 - 19 Oct 1866
Administered by France.
12 Oct 1866
Venetia ceded to Italy
by Austria.
19 Oct
1866
Administration taken over by Italian officials
(commenced at
Peschiera
on 9 Oct 1866, Mantova 11 Oct 1866,
Verona 16 Oct 1866,
and Venezia on 19 Oct 1866).
4
Nov
1866
Annexation by Italy.
27 Oct 1917 - 4 Nov 1918
Austro-Hungarian occupation of Venetia up to Piave
River.
Note: From 7 Jul 1268, during a vacancy in the office of Doge, the state was headed by the senior consigliere ducale (ducal councilor) ex officio, with the style Vice doge (currently for the period covered here the names of the Vice doges are unavailable).
Doges¹
21 Jun 1192 - 14 Jun 1205 Enrico di Vitale
Dandolo (b. c.1107 -
d. 1205)
14 Jun 1205 - 5 Aug 1205 Renier di Enrico
Dandolo (acting)
5 Aug 1205 - 26 Feb 1229 Pietro di
Sebastiano Ziani (d. 1229)
26 Feb 1229 - 6 Mar 1229 Consiglio
Ducale
6 Mar 1229 - 26 May 1249 Jacopo di Lorenzo
Tiepolo (b. 1170 - d.
1249)
26 May 1249 - 13 Jun 1249 Consiglio Ducale
17 Feb 1252 - 1 Jan 1253 Marino
Morosini
(b. 1181 - d. 1253)
1 Jan 1253 - 25 Jan 1253 Consiglio
Ducale
25 Jan 1253 - 7 Jul 1268 Renier di Pietro
Zeno (d. 1268)
7 Jul 1268 - 23 Jul 1268 Nicolò Michiel
(acting)
23 Jul 1268 - 15 Aug 1275 Lorenzo di Jacopo
Tiepolo (d. 1275)
15 Aug 1275 - 6 Sep 1275 Filippo Belegno
(acting)
6 Sep 1275 - 6 Mar 1280 Jacopo di
Domenico Contarini (b.
c.1193 - d. 1280)
6 Mar 1280 - 25 Mar 1280 Nicolò Navaglioso
(acting)
25 Mar 1280 - 2 Nov 1289 Giovanni di Giberto
Dandolo (d. 1289)
3 Dec 1289 - 13 Aug 1311 Pietro di Marco
Gradenigo
(b. 1250 - d. 1311)
23 Aug 1311 - 3 Sep 1312 Marino di Matteo
Zorzi (b.
c.1231 - d. 1312)
3 Sep 1312 - 13 Sep 1312 Tommaso Miani
(acting)
13 Sep 1312 - 31 Dec 1328 Giovanni di Antonio
Soranzo (b. c.1245 - d. 1328)
8 Jan 1329 - 31 Oct 1339 Francesco di
Giovanni Dandolo (b. c.1258 - d.
1339)
7 Nov 1339 - 28 Dec 1342 Bartolomeo di
Angelo Gradenigo (b. 1363 - d. 1342)
4 Jan 1343 - 7 Sep 1354 Andrea di
Fantino Dandolo (b.
1306 - d. 1354)
7 Sep 1354 - 5 Oct 1354 Marino di
Marco Badoèr (acting)
5 Oct 1354 - 17 Apr 1355 Marino di
Jacopo
Falier
(b. 1274 - d. 1355)
17 Apr 1355 - 21 Apr 1355 Marco di Giovanni Corner
(acting)
21 Apr 1355 - 8 Aug 1356 Giovanni di Marino
Gradenigo (b. c.1279 - d. 1356)
25 Aug 1356 - 12 Jul 1361 Giovanni di Benedetto
Dolfin (b. c.1300 - d.
1361)
16 Jul 1361 - 18 Jul 1365 Lorenzo di Marco
Celsi (b.
1300 - d. 1365)
21 Jul 1365 - 13 Jan 1368 Marco di Giovanni Corner
(b. 1285 - d. 1368)
27 Jan 1368 - 5 Jun 1382 Andrea di Nicolò
Contarini (b. 1300/02 - d.
1382)
10 Jun 1382-15/16 Oct 1382 Michele di Marino
Morosini (b.
1308 - d. 1382)
16 Oct 1382 - 13 Jan 1383 Nicolò Valeresso
(acting)
13 Jan 1383 - 23 Nov 1400 Antonio
Venier
(b. c.1330 - d. 1400)
19 Dec 1400 - 26 Dec
1413 Michele Sten (Steno)
(b. 1331 - d.
1413)
28 Jan 1414 - 4 Apr
1423 Tommaso Mocenigo
(b. 1343 - d. 1423)
16 Apr 1423 - 23 Oct 1457 Francesco
Foscari
(b. 1373 - d. 1457)
23 Oct 1457 - 30 Oct 1457 Orio di Marco
Pasqualigo (acting)
30 Oct 1457 - 5 May 1462 Pasquale
Malipiero
(b. 1392 - d. 1462)
12 May 1462 - 9 Nov
1471 Cristoforo Moro
(b. 1390 - d.
1471)
23 Nov 1471 - 28 Jul
1473 Nicolò Tron (Trono)
(b. 1399 - d. 1473)
13 Aug 1474 - 1 Dec
1474 Nicolò Marcello
(b. 1397 - d. 1474)
14 Dec 1474 - 14 Dec 1474 Andrea
Leone (acting)
14 Dec 1474 - 23 Feb 1476 Pietro
Mocenigo
(b. 1406 - d. 1476)
5 Mar 1476 - 6
May 1478 Andrea Vendramini
(b. 1393 - d. 1478)
18 May 1478 - 4 Nov
1485 Giovanni
Mocenigo
(b. 1409 - d. 1485)
19 Nov 1485 - 14 Aug
1486 Marco Barbarigo
(b. 1413 - d. 1486)
30 Aug 1486 - 20 Sep
1501 Agostino Barbarigo
(b. 1419 - d.
1501)
20 Sep 1501 - 2 Oct
1501 Francesco di
Leone Da Molin
(acting)
2 Oct 1501 - 22 Jun 1521 Leonardo
Loredan
(b. 1436 - d. 1521)
22 Jun 1521 - 6 Jul
1521 Giovanni Battista di Stefano
Èrizzo (acting)
6 Jul 1521 - 7 May 1523
Antonio Grimani
(b. 1434 - d. 1523)
7 May 1523 - 20 May 1523
Marco Antonio di Daniele Loredan
(acting)
20 May 1523 - 28 Dec 1538 Andrea
Gritti
(b. 1455 - d. 1538)
28 Dec 1538 - 9 Nov
1545 Pietro Lando
(b. 1462 - d. 1545)
(acting to 19 Jan 1539)
24 Nov 1545 - 23 May
1553 Francesco Donà (Donato)
(b. 1468 - d. 1553)
4 Jun 1553 - 31 May
1554 Marcantonio
Trevisan
(b. 1475 - d. 1554)
31 May 1554 - 11 Jun
1554 Antonio di Antonio Giustinian
(b. 1466? - d. 15..)
(acting)
11 Jun 1554 - 2 Jun 1556 Francesco
Venier
(b. 1489 - d. 1556)
14 Jun 1556 - 17 Aug
1559 Lorenzo
Priuli
(b. 1489 - d. 1559)
1 Sep 1559 - 4
Nov 1567 Girolamo
Priuli
(b. 1486 - d. 1567)
26 Nov 1567 - 3 May
1570 Pietro Loredan
(b. 1482 - d.
1570)
11 May 1570 - 4 May
1577 Alvise Mocenigo I
(b. 1507 - d. 1577)
11 Jun 1577 - 3 Mar
1578 Sebastiano Venier
(b. 1496 - d. 1578)
11 Mar 1578 - 30 Jul
1585 Nicolò da Ponte
(b. 1491 - d.
1585)
18 Aug 1585 - 2 Apr
1595 Pasquale Cicogna
(b. 1509 - d. 1595)
26 Apr 1595 - 25 Dec
1605 Marino Grimani
(b. 1532 - d.
1605)
25 Dec 1605 - 10 Jan
1606 Costantino Renier (acting)
10 Jan 1606 - 16 Jul 1612 Leonardo Donà (Donato)
(b.
1536 - d. 1612)
24 Jul 1612 - 29 Oct
1615 Marcantonio Memmo
(b. 1536 - d. 1615)
2 Dec 1615 - 16 Mar
1618 Giovanni Bembo
(b. 1543 - d.
1618)
4 Apr 1618 - 9
May 1618 Nicolò Donà (Donato)
(b. 1540 - d. 1618)
9 May 1618 - 17 May 1618
Giovanni di Lorenzo Dandolo
(acting)
17 May 1618 - 12 Aug 1623 Antonio
Priuli
(b. 1548 - d. 1623)
8 Sep 1623 - 6
Dec 1624 Francesco Contarini
(b. 1556 - d. 1624)
4 Jan 1625 - 23 Dec
1629 Giovanni Corner (Cornaro) I
(b. 1551 - d. 1629)
18 Jan 1630 - 2 Apr
1631 Nicolò Contarini
(b. 1553 - d. 1631)
2 Apr 1631 - 10 Apr 1631
Giulio Contarini (acting)
10 Apr 1631 - 3 Jan 1646 Francesco
Erizzo
(b. 1566 - d. 1646)
20 Jan 1646 - 27 Feb
1655 Francesco da Molin
(b. 1575 - d. 1655)
27 Feb 1655 - 27 Mar
1655 Domenico Contarini II (1st time) (b.
1585 - d. 1675)
(acting)
27 Mar 1655 - 1 May 1656 Carlo
Contarini
(b. 1580 - d. 1656)
17 May 1656 - 5 Jun
1656 Francesco Corner
(b. 1585 - d. 1656)
10 Jul 1656 - 29 Mar
1658 Bertuccio Valier
(b. 1596 - d. 1658)
8 Apr 1658 - 30 Sep
1659 Giovanni Pesaro
(b. 1589 - d.
1659)
16 Oct 1659 - 26 Jan
1675 Domenico Contarini II (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1675 - 14 Aug
1676 Nicolò Sagredo
(b. 1606
- d. 1676)
26 Aug 1676 - 15 Jan
1684 Alvise Contarini
(b. 1601 - d. 1684)
26 Jan 1684 - 23 Mar
1688 Marcantonio Giustinian
(b. 1619 - d. 1688)
3 Apr 1688
- 6 Jan 1694 Francesco
Morosini
(b. 1619 - d. 1694)
"il Peloponnesiaco"
25 Feb 1694 - 5 Jul
1700 Silvestro
Valier
(b. 1630 - d. 1700)
16
Jul 1700 - 6 May 1709 Alvise Marco Antonio
Mocenigo II (b. 1627 - d. 1709)
22
May 1709 - 12 Aug 1722 Giovanni Corner (Cornaro)
II (b. 1647 - d. 1722)
24
Aug 1722 - 21 May 1732 Alvise Sebastiano Mocenigo
III (b. 1662 - d. 1732)
2
Jun 1732 - 5 Jan 1735 Carlo
Ruzzini
(b. 1653 - d. 1735)
17
Jan 1735 - 17 Jun 1741 Andrea
Pisani
(b. 1664 - d. 1741)
30
Jun 1741 - 7 Mar 1752 Pietro
Grimani
(b. 1677 - d. 1752)
18
Mar 1752 - 20 May 1762 Francesco
Loredan
(b. 1685 - d. 1762)
31
May 1762 - 31 Mar 1763 Marco
Foscarini
(b. 1696 - d. 1763)
19
Apr 1763 - 31 Dec 1778 Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo IV
(b. 1701 - d. 1778)
14
Jan 1779 - 13 Feb 1789 Paolo
Renier
(b. 1710 - d. 1789)
13 Feb 1789 - 9 Mar 1789
Giacomo Foscarini (acting)
9 Mar 1789 - 16 May 1797 Ludovico
Manin
(b. 1725 - d. 1802)
Presidents
of the Provisional Municipality of Venice
(terms
of the presidents after 8 Dec 1797 are calculated
on a
15-day interval prescribed by the standing orders of 18
May 1797)
16
May 1797 - 30 May 1797 Nicolò di Andrea Corner
31 May 1797 - 14 Jun 1797 Angelo Natale
Talier (1st time) (b. 1744 - d.
1818)
15 Jun 1797 - 28 Jun 1797 Antonio Callegari
29 Jun 1797 - 14 Jul 1797 Giovanni
Bujovich
(b. 1724 - d. 18..)
15 Jul 1797 - 28 Jul 1797 Gaetano
Benini
29 Jul 1797 - 12 Aug 1797 Giovanni di
Ludovico Widmann
13 Aug 1797 - 26 Aug 1797 Tommaso Gallino
27 Aug 1797 - 10 Sep 1797 Andrea Sordina
11 Sep 1797 - 25 Sep 1797 Giuseppe Ferro
26 Sep 1797 - 10 Oct 1797 Antonio Collalto
(b. 1765 - d. 1820)
27 Oct 1797 - 8 Nov 1797 Isach di
Giuseppe Grego
9 Nov 1797 - 23 Nov 1797 Girolamo di
Antonio Molin
24 Nov 1797 - 7 Dec 1797 Pietro
Antonio Bembo
8 Dec 1797 - 22 Dec 1797 Nicolò
Martinelli
23 Dec 1797 - 6 Jan 1798 Angelo
Natale Talier (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jan 1798 - 18 Jan 1798 Carlo
Boldù
Governor
of Venetia
18
Oct 1797 - 18 Jan 1798 Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
(b. 1742 - d. 1819)
Military
governors of the city of Venice
16 May 1797 - 15
Sep 1797 Louis Baraguey
d'Hilliers
(b. 1764 - d. 1812)
15 Sep 1797 - 18
Jan 1798 Antoine Balland
(b. 1757 - d.
1821)
18 Jan 1798 - 25
Feb 1798 Johann Graf von Klenau
(b. 1758 - d. 1819)
Presiding
Person of the Grand Council
25 Feb
1798
Giovanni Pietro
Grimani
(b. 1755 - d. 1826?)
Governors
25 Feb 1798 -
1799
Olivier Remigius Graf von Wallis (b. 1742 - d.
1799)
Freiherr von Karighmain
(Austrian
military governor)
6 Feb 1799 - 25 Mar 1799 Francesco
Pesaro
(b. 1740 - d. 1799)
(extraordinary commissioner)
25 Mar 1799 -
1800
Giuseppe Pellegrini (interim)
Mar 1800 - 28
May 1801 Giovanni Pietro
Grimani
(s.a.)
28 May 1801 -
1803
Joseph Graf Mailáth von Székhely (b. 1735 - d.
1810)
1803 -
1805
Ferdinand Ernst Maria Graf von (b.
1749 - d. 1831)
Bissingen-Nippenburg
(governor-general)
1805 - 19 Jan
1806
Heinrich Joseph
Johannes
(b. 1756 - d. 1845)
Graf von Bellegarde
(military governor)
1805 - 18 Jan
1806 Bernhard
Anton Maria Vincenz
(b. 1756 - d. 1817)
Freiherr von Rossetti zu Roseneck
(Rosenegg)(civil governor)
Prefects of Adriatique (Adriatico) département
9 Apr 1806 - Sep
1809 Marco Serbelloni
(b. 1748
- d. 1835)
1 Oct 1809 - Sep
1814 Francesco de Galvagna
(b. 1775? - d. 1860)
Administrators
of Venice (in name of the King
of Italy)
19 Jan 1806 -
1807
Sextius Alexandre François de (b.
1759 - d. 1828)
Miollis
Dec 1807 -
1808
Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law
(b. 1768 - d. 1824)
de Lauriston
(commissioner to Dec 1807)
28 Aug 1808 -
Apr 1809 Louis Baraguey
d'Hilliers
(s.a.)
11 Apr 1809 - 28
Sep 1809 Honoré
Vial
(b. 1766 - d. 1813)
28 Sep 1809 - 13
Aug 1810 Jacques-François de Menou,
(b. 1750 - d. 1810)
baron de Boussay
Apr 1811 - 24
Jul 1812 Louis Thomas, comte de
Villaret (b. 1748 - d. 1812)
de Joyeuse
Jul 1812 - 12
Feb 1813 Maurice Ignace
Frésia,
(b. 1746 - d. 1826)
baron d'Ogliano
12 Feb 1813 - 20
Feb 1813 Jean-Andoche Junot,
duc
(b. 1771 - d. 1813)
d'Abrantès
Oct 1813 - 30
Apr 1814 Jean-Mathieu Séras,
comte de (b. 1765 - d. 1815)
Séras
Austrian Military governors of
Venice
14 Nov 1814 -
1814
Christoph Ludwig Freiherr von
(b. 1767 - d. 1843)
Eckhardt
1814 - Jan 1815
Jean-Gabriel du Chasteler,
(b. 1763 - d. 1825)
marquis de Courcelles
Jan 1815 - 22 Sep 1815 Vincenz Freiherr
Knesevich von (b. 1755 - d. 1832)
Szent-Helena
(= Vinko Knežević Knežević od Svete Jelene)
Kings of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
7 Apr 1815 - 22 Mar 1848
the Emperors of Austria
27 Aug 1849 - 23 Aug 1866
the Emperors of
Austria
Governors of Venetia (Statthalter
der Venedig)
20 Apr 1814 -
Jan 1815 Heinrich XV Fürst
zu Reuss- (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
Plauen
1815 - Apr
1819
Johann Peter Graf von
Goëss (b. 1774 - d.
1828)
Apr 1819
- Apr 1827
Carl
Borromäus Graf von Inzaghy
(b. 1777 - d. 1856)
(gubernial-präsident
acting to 1820)
Apr 1827 - Apr 1841
Johann Baptist Graf
von Spaur zu (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
Pflaum
und Valdör
(gubernial-präsident
acting to 1830)
Apr 1841 - 22 Mar 1848
Aloys Graf Pálffy von Erdöd
(b. 1801 - d. 1876)
(= Alajos Erdödi gróf Pálffy)
22 Mar 1848 - 22
Mar 1848 Ferdinand Graf von Zichy zu
Zich (b. 1783 - d. 1862) Mil
von Vasonykeöy
(acting)
(= Ferdinánd gróf zicsi és vázsonykői Zichy)
Provisional Government of the Republic
of Venice
22 Mar 1848 - 23 Mar 1848 Provisional
Government
- Giovanni
Correr
(b. 1798 - d. 1871)
- Luigi
Michiel
(b. 1814 - d. 1904)
- Dataico Medin
- Pietro Fabris
(b. 1805 - d. 1878)
- Giovanni Francesco
Avesani (b. 1790 - d.
1861)
- Angelo Mengaldo
(b.
1785 - d. 1869) Lib
- Leone Pincherle
(b. 1810 - d. 1882)
Commandant
of the Civic Guard of Venice
23 Mar 1848
Angelo Mengaldo
(s.a.)
Lib
President of Provisional
Government of the Republic of Venice
23 Mar 1848 - 5 Jul
1848 Daniele Manin
(b.
1804 - d. 1857) Lib
President of
the Provisional Government of Venice
5 Jul 1848
- 7 Aug 1848 Jacopo Castelli
(b. 1791 - d. 1849) Mod
Sardinian
Extraordinary Commissioners of the King
7 Aug 1848 - 11 Aug
1848 Vittorio Colli, marchese
di (b. 1782 - d.
1854) Mil
Felizzano
- Luigi
Giovanni Antonio Cibrario (b. 1802 - d. 1870)
Mod
- Jacopo Castelli
(s.a.)
Mod
President of the Provisional
Government of Venice
11
Aug 1848 - 7 Mar 1849 Provisional
Government
- Daniele Manin
(s.a.)
Lib
(de facto Dictator 11-13 Aug 1848, president from
13 Aug 1848)
- Leone
Graziani
(b. 1791 - d.
1852) Mil
(from 13 Aug
1848)
- Giovanni Battista
Cavedalis (b. 1794 - d. 1878)
Mil
(from 13 Aug
1848)
7 Mar 1849
- 24 Aug 1849 Daniele
Manin
(s.a.)
Lib
President of the Government Commission, Mayor
24 Aug 1849 - 27 Aug 1849 Giovanni
Correr
(s.a.)
Austrian Military and Civil
Governors
28 Aug 1849 -
Oct 1849 Karl Ritter Gorzkowski
von (b. 1778 - d. 1858)
Gorzkow
Oct 1849 - Aug
1850 Anton Freiherr von
Puchner (b. 1779 - d. 1852)
Governors
of Venice (Statthalter der Venedig)
Aug 1850 - Aug 1855
Georg Otto Ritter von Toggenburg- (b. 1811 - d. 1888)
Sargans (1st time)
Aug 1855 - 18
Feb 1860 Cajetan Graf
Bissingen-Nippenburg (b. 1806 - d. 1890)
18 Feb 1860 - 19
Oct 1866 Georg Otto Ritter von Toggenburg- (s.a.)
Sargans (2nd time)
Commissioner of the Emperor of Austria
9 Oct 1866 - 19 Oct 1866 Karl
Möring
(b. 1810
- d. 1870) Mil
Commissioner of
the Emperor of France
9 Oct 1866 - 19 Oct
1866 Edmond Le Boeuf
(b. 1809 - d. 1888) Mil
Commissioners
Delegated by the Italian Government
19
Oct 1866 - 22 Oct 1866 Luigi, conte
Michiel
(s.a.)
- Edoardo De
Betta
(b. 1822 - d. 1896)
- Achille Emi-Kelder
Italian
Commissioner of the King
22 Oct 1866
- 5 Nov 1866 Giovanni, conte
Thaon di Revel (b. 1817 - d. 1910)
Mil
Austro-Hungarian
Commander in Occupied Venetia
27 Oct 1917
- 4 Nov 1918 Eugen Ferdinand Erzherzog
von (b. 1863 - d. 1954)
Mil
Österreich
¹Style of the Doge:
The early dogi are styled dux Venetiarum,
humilis dux provincie Venecie, etc. Until
900 each doge also has a style expressing his being -
mostly ceremonial - holder of a title of the Eastern Roman
(Byzantine) imperial court,
such as hypatos ("consul"), protospatharios,
etc. The style becomes standardized
as Doge di Venezia (in Latin-
Dux Venetiae or Dux
Venetiarum). The following changes are
subject to considerable variation,
described in detail in Lazzarini (1903):
(a) from 996/1004: Dux
Venetiae et Dalmatiae ("Duke of Venetia
and Dalmatia");
(b) from 997/1101: Dux Venetiae
Dalmatiae et Chroatiae ("Duke of Venetia,
Dalmatia, and Croatia")(anticipated by pretense in 1084);
(c) from 1206 (under Doge Pietro Ziani): Dux
Venetiae Dalmatiae et Chroatiae et quartae partis et
dimidiae totius imperii Romaniae dominator
("Duke of Venetia, Dalmatia and Croatia
and Lord of a Quarter and Half
a Quarter of the Roman Empire");
in 1265 in communications with the imperial court,
diplomatic courtesy replaces the 1206 addition by dominus
terrarum et insularum suae dominatione summmissarum;
(d) Beginning 24 Sep 1349,
negotiations with Hungary make mention of Dalmatia and
Croatia inopportune and the style is routinely
abbreviated to Dux Venetiae et cetera.
("Duke of Venetia and etcetera") This form
becomes permanent with the Treaty of 18 Feb 1358, and
remains in official use for all effects until the end of
the office of doge in 1797.
Bergamo
27 Sep 1332 Part of Duchy of Milan.
1407 - 1419 Sold to Bresica.
24 Jul 1419 Milan retakes control.
18 Apr 1428 Part of Venetian Republic.
1510 - 6 Feb 1512 French occupation.
1513? Autonomous.
Nov 1515 - Apr 1516 Spanish occupation.
Apr 1516 - May 1516 Swiss occupation.
May 1516 Restored to Venice.
25 Dec 1796 Occupied by France.
13 Mar 1797 - 9 Jul 1797 Republic of Bergamo (Repubblica Bergamasca/République Bergamasque).
9 Jul 1797 Part of Cisalpine Republic, as dipartimento del Serio
(provisional to 17 Oct 1797)(see Lombardy).
French commanders
Mar 1797 - Apr 1797 Faivre
Apr 1797 - Jun 1797 Dominique Védel (b. 1771 - d. 1848)
Jun 1497 - Jul 1797 Sagot
Heads of the Municipality
13 Mar 1797 - 21 Mar 1797 Committee of Public Safety
- Marco Alessandri
- Pietro Calepio (Caleppio) (b. 1762 - d. 1834)
- Alessandro Solza
- Ferdinando Roncalli (b. 1770 - d. 1817)
- Giambattista Vertova
- Alessandro Carissimi
- Francesco Arrigoni
21 Mar 1797 - 9 Jul 1797 Provisional Municipality
- Alessandro Carissimi
(president 21 Mar - Apr? 1797)
- Alessandro Solza
(president 10 Apr 1797)
- Antonio Roncalli
(president 24 Apr 1797)
- Luigi Marchesi (b. 1754 - d. 1829)
- Francesco Moscheni
- Pietro Calepio (Caleppio) (s.a.)
- Alessandro Medolago
- Marco Alessandri
- Francesco Marinoni
(president 30 May - 9? Jul 1797)
Brescia
8 Oct 1337 Part of Duchy of Milan.
20 Nov 1426 Part of Venetian Republic.
1509 - 1516 Occupied by France.
25 May 1796 Occupied by France.
19 Mar 1797 - 20 Nov 1797 Republic of Brescia (Repubblica Bresciana/République Bresciane).
21 Nov 1797 Part of Cisalpine Republic (see under Lombardy).
Presidents of the Provisional Government
18 Mar 1797 - 19 May 1797 Pietro Suardi
(president of municipality to 24 Mar 1797)
19 May 1797 - 19 Jun 1797 Federico Mazzucchelli (b. 1734 - d. 1807)
19 Jun 1797 - 19 Jul 1797 Giovanni Battista Savoldi (b. 1753 - d. 1802)
19 Jul 1797 - 19 Aug 1797 Giacomo Pederzoli (b. 1752 - d. 1820)
19 Aug 1797 - 19 Sep 1797 Vincenzo Girelli (d. 1815)
19 Sep 1797 - 19 Oct 1797 Carlo Arici (b. 1766 - d. 1850)
19 Oct 1797 - 20 Nov 1797 Gabriele Mazzocchi (b. 1760 - d. 1820)
Crema
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![[Republic of
Cremasca 1797 (Repubblica Cremasca) (Italy)]](it_cr-cm.gif "[Republic of Cremasca 1797 (Repubblica
Cremasca) (Italy)]")
23 Mar 1797 French occupation.
28 Mar 1797 - 10 Jul 1797 Republic of Cremasca (Repubblica Cremasca/République Crémasque).
10 Jul 1797 Part of Cisalpine Republic (see under Lombardy).
Committee of General Defense
28 Mar 1797 - 10 Jul 1797 Marchese Fortunato Gambazzocca
+ Agostino Benvenuti
League of Seven Communities (Sette Comuni)
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(Sieben Gemeinden) to 1807 (Italy)]](it-vi-7c.gif "[Sette comuni (Sieben Gemeinden) to
1807 (Italy)]")
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(Sleghe/Schlägen) |
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917 - 1164 Under the suzerainty of the Bishop of Padua (Padova).
c.1000 Cimbrians descend from southern Germany with groups of families
from the Bavarian area.
1164 - 1236 Under the suzerainty of the Republic of Vicenza.
1236 - 1259 Under the suzerainty of the Ezzelino (Ecelino) III da Romano "il
Tiranno" (b. 1194 - d. 1259) and his brother Alberico da Romano
(b. 1196 - d. 1260).
1259 - 1311 Under the suzerainty of the Republic of Padua (Padova) as the
Lega delle Sette Terre Sorelle (League of the Seven Sister Lands).
29 Jun 1310 Sette Comuni (Seven communes, in German: Sieben Gemeinden), form
a loose commonwealth under the Statuten der Sieben Gemeinden
("Statutes of the Seven Leagues"). Sette Comuni included: Asiago
(Sleghe/Schlägen), Enego (Jeneve), Foza (Vüsche), Gallio (Ghel/
Gelle), Lusiana (Lusaan), Roana (Robaan/Rain), Rotzo (Rotz/Ross),
and from 1796 Conco (Kunken).
1311 - 1387 Under the suzerainty of the Della Scala (Scaligeri) of Verona.
1387 - 1404 Under the suzerainty of the Visconti of Milan.
20 Feb 1404 - 12 May 1797 Under the suzerainty of the Republic of Venice (administered by the
Venetian Rettori [podestà e capitanio] in Vicenza to 1598, then
under a Provveditore ai confini vicentini.
22 Jul 1797 - 24 Feb 1798 Occupied by France.
24 Feb 1798 - 29 Jun 1807 Ceded to Austria (by the Treaty of Campo Formio).
29 Jun 1807 Sovereignty abolished by France; integrated into the territories
occupied by France (follows the Veneto from this point).
9 Apr 1809 - c.Oct 1809 Along with the Tyrolean rebellion, the plateau rises up against
French rule.
4 Nov 1866 Annexation by Italy as part of Venetia.
Chancellors of the Regency (cancelliere della Reggenza)
1797? - 1803 Domenico Rigoni Stern (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1806)
1803 Giovanni Carli dal Molin
1803 - 1805 Domenico Rigoni Stern (2nd time) (s.a.)
1805 Giovanni Maria Pertele
1805 - 1806 Domenico Rigoni Stern (3rd time) (s.a.)
1806 - 29 Jun 1807 Angelo Rigoni Stern (b. 1780 - d. 1854)
Venetian Provveditore ai Confini Vicentini (Superintendents of the Vicenza borders)
1598 - 1608 Francesco Caldogno (b. 1555 - d. 1608)
1608 - 1637 Francesco Caldogno [his nephew] (d. 1638)
1637 - 1670 Vincenzo Negri (b. 1605 - d. 1670)
1670 - 1673 Egidio Negri (d. 1673)
1673 - 1720 Marco Negri
1720 - 1726 ....
1726 - 17.. Vincenzo Negri
c.1752 - 1774 Lodovico Caldagno
1774 - 1797 ....
Vescovato
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1519 Lordship of Vescovato (Vescovado)(Signoria di Vescovato [Vescovado]),
under Gonzaga dynasty.
10 Dec 1529 Confirmed as an imperial fief.
1559 Marquisate of Vescovato (Marchesato di Vescovato).
1 Mar 1593 Principality of Vescovato (Principato di Vescovato)
(marquesses made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire).
1768 Subjected financially to Milan (see Lombardy), with full
jurisdictional authority of the Prince and status of an Imperial
fief continuing until 1796.
9 May 1796 French occupation of Milan, from this point Vescovato follows
Lombardy.
Lords (title Signore di Vescovato)
1519 - 23 Sep 1525 Giovanni Gonzaga (b. 1474 - d. 1525)
23 Sep 1525 - 31 Dec 1530 Sigismondo I Gonzaga (b. 1499 - d. 1530)
31 Dec 1530 - 1559 Sigismondo II Gonzaga (b. 1530 - d. 1567)
Marquesses (title Marchese di Vescovato)
1559 - 22 Jul 1567 Sigismondo II (s.a.)
22 Jul 1567 - 1 Mar 1593 Carlo I (b. 1551 - d. 1614)
Princes (title Principe di Vescovato)
1 Mar 1593 - 9 Jan 1614 Carlo I (s.a.)
9 Jan 1614 - 31 Aug 1636 Francesco (b. 1593 - d. 1636)
31 Aug 1636 - 19 Sep 1695 Carlo II (b. 1618 - d. 1695)
- jointly with -
31 Aug 1636 - 31 Dec 1694 Sigismondo III (b. 1625 - d. 1694)
19 Sep 1695 - 24 Jul 1735 Francesco Gaetano (b. 1675 - d. 1735)
24 Jul 1735 - 1779 Sigismondo IV (b. 1702 - d. 1779)
1779 - 4 Sep 1783 Francesco Nicolò (b. 1731 - d. 1783)
4 Sep 1783 - May 1796 Francesco Luigi (b. 1763 - d. 1832)
© Ben Cahoon