Former Arabian Polities

1682                       Sheikhdom of Manfuha (Manufuah) 
1834                       Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).

Sheikhs
1682 – 1726                Dawwas bin `Abd Allah bin Sha`lan     (d. 1726)
1726 – 1727                 Muhammad I                           (d. 1727) 
1727 – 17..                `Abd Allah I bin Faris 
bf.1746 – 17..             `Ali bin Mazru`
c.1755 - ...               Muhammad II bin `Abd Allah bin Faris 
c.1809 – 18..              `Abd Allah II bin Mazru`
18.. – 1825                Ibrahim bin Mazru` 
1825 – 1834                Mishari bin `Abd ar-Rahman bin
                             Mishari bin Sa`ud

13th cent.                 Sheikhdom of Abu `Arish.
1627 - 1730                Under the Imams of Yemen.
1730                       Sheikdom (restored).
1803 - 1819                Under Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1830 - 1840                Egyptian occupation.
1863                       Annexed to `Asir.
1924 - bf.1926             Imam of Yemen invades Abu `Arish and Samtah.

Sheiks
1730 - 1863                ....

16..                       Sheikhdom of ar-Bir in the Sudayr region.
1850                       State suppressed.

Sheikhs
16..- ...                  Muhammad bin al-`Aqir 
... - ...                  `Abd Allah bin al-`Aqir
... - ...                  Hamad bin Muhammad 
.. - 1850                  ....

bf.1697                    Sheikhdom of Raudha
....                       State suppressed.

Sheikhs
bf.1697 – 17..             Madhi bin Ghazir
17.. - 1745                Muhammad                              (d. 1745)
1745 – 1757                Fauzan bin Ghazir bin Madhi 
1757 – 17..                `Umayr bin Ghazir 
17.. – 1782                `Aun bin Mani' al-Madhi
1782 – 17..                `Aqil bin Man'i al-Madhi

c.1688                     Emirate of Khardj (Kharj).
1804 – 1818                Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1818 – 1823                Egyptian occupation (see Burayda).
1847                       United with Nejd.

Emirs
c.1688 - ...               Zamil bin `Uthman Mishari 
c.1740 - 1776              Zayid (1st time)                      (d. 1783)
1776                       Sulayman bin `Ufaysan (1st time)
1776 - 1783                Zayid (2nd time)                      (s.a.)
1783 - 1784                Barrak                                (d. 1784) 
1784 - 1785                Turki 
1785 - 1793                Sulayman bin`Ufaysan (2nd time)
1793 - 1804                Ibrahim bin `Ufaysan
1804 – 1818                Wahhabi rule
1818 – 1823                Egyptian rule 
1823 - 1825                Zaqm bin Zamil 
1825 - 1828/30             `Umar bin Muhammad bin `Ufaysan       (d. 1839)
1830 – 184.                Fahd bin `Abd Allah bin `Ufaysan

1768                       Emirate of Unayzah (`Unaizah/`Anayza/Anizah).
1819 – 1822                Egyptian occupation.
1822                       Al-Sulaim family comes to power.
1839 – 1840                Egyptian occupation.
1849                       Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
Mar 1904                   Annexed to Nejd.

Emirs
1768                       `Abd Allah bin Hamad bin Zamil        (d. 1768)
1768 - 1788                Yahya bin `Ali 
1788 - ....                `Abd Allah II bin Yahya 
.... - 1819                `Abd Allah III bin Rashid             (d. 1819)
                             al-`Alaiyan 
c.1819 - 1822              `Abd Allah IV al-Djama'i              (d. 1822)
18.. – 18..                Sulayman bin Rashid al-`Alaiyan 
18.. – 1836                Yahya II                              (d. 1836)
1841 - 1845                `Abd Allah V
1845 – 1848                Ibrahim 
1848 – 1849                Nasir as-Suhaym                       (d. 1858)
Governors-general 
1849 - 1854                Djalwi bin Turki
1854 - 1867                `Abd Allah VI bin Yahya 
1867 – 1891                Zamil as-Sulaym                       (b. 1831 – d. 1891)
1891 - 1895                `Abd Allah VII bin Yahya bin Salih
1895 - 1900                Salih al-Amir
1900 - 1904                Hamad bin `Abd Allah 

1768                       Emirate of Buraydah (Buraidah)
1776 - 1819                Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1819 – 1822/23             Egyptian occupation.
1863                       Under suzerainty of Nejd.
1891 - 1904                Annexed by Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908                       Incorporated into Nejd.

Emirs
1768 - 1769                Rashid al-Duraybi (1st time) 
1769 – 1770                al-`Alaiyan
1770 – 1775                Rashid al-Duraybi (2nd time)
1775 - 1776                `Abd Allah bin Hasan al-`Alaiyan      (d. 1776)
Governor-general (in al-Qasim)
1776 – 1819                Hudjaylan bin Hamad al-`Alaiyan       (b. c.1738 – d. 1819)
Governors
181. – 18..                Ismail Pasha
18.. – 182.                Halid Pasha
Emirs
1823 - 1826/28             Muhammad al-`Ali ash-Shayr
1826/28 - 1850             `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan   (d. 1861)
                             (1st time)
1850 - 1851                `Abd al-Muhsin al-Muhammad bin Turki
1851 – 1859                `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1859                       `Abd Allah bin `Abd al-`Aziz bin      (d. 1859)
                             `Adwan al-`Ulaiyan 
1859                       Muhammad bin Ghanim                   (d. 1859)
1859 – 1861                `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) 
1861 - 1863                `Abd ar-Rahman bin Ibrahim Manfuhah
1863                       Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri
1863                       Sulayman ar-Rashid al-`Ulaiyan
1867 – 1891                Zamil as-Sulaym                       (b. 1831 – d. 1891)
Governors-general (in al-Qasim)
1827 - 1839                Ahmad bin Nasir as-Sani               (d. 1861)
1863 - 1875                Muhanna' as-Salih Aba al-Khail        (d. 1875)
1876 – 1891                Hasan al-Muhanna                      (b. 1836 – d. 1902)
1891 - 1902                Salim al-Subhan 
1902 - 1906                Salih al-Muhanna                      (b. 1876 – d. 19..) 
1906 - 1908                Muhammad bin `Abd Allah abal Khayl    (b. 1871 – d. 19..) 
1908 - 1913                `Abd Allah bin Djalwi bin Turki       (b. 1890 – d. 1935)

17..                       Sheikhdom of `Auda
17..                       Annexed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).

Sheikhs
17.. - 1757                `Abd Allah bin Sultan                 (d. 1757)
1757 - 1767                `Uthman bin Sa`dun                    (d. 1767)
1767 – 17..                Mansur bin Abd Allah bin Hamad

Djaladjil

Sheikhs
bf.1762 - 17..             Suwayhid I
Governors-general
1779 - 18....              `Abd Allah bin Djaladjil, Sudayri 
18.. - 1831                Suwayhid II bin `Ali bin Djaladjil

....                       Sheikhdom of Harma
1779                       Destroyed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).

Sheikhs
.... - 1777                `Uthman bin `Abd Allah
1777 - 1779                Nasir bin Ibrahim

bf.1758                    Sheikhdom of Madjam`a
1882 - 1908                Part of Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908                       Annexed by Nejd.

Sheikhs
bf.1758 - 1778             Hamad bin `Uthman
1779 - 180?                `Abd Allah bin Djaladjil
18.. – 1823                Mazyad
1823 – 18..                Muhammad bin Saqr
18.. – 1827                bin `Abdan
1827 - 1839                Ahmad bin Nasir as-Sani               (d. 1861)
1839 – 1841                Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri 
                             (1st time)
1841                       `Abd Allah bin Husayn (1st time)
1841 – 184.                `Abd al-`Aziz bin Mishari bin `Aiyaf
bf.1796 - 1832             Faysal bin Wathban ad-Duwish          (d. 1832)
184. - 1853                Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri
                             (2nd time)
1853 – 18..                `Abd Allah bin Husayn (2nd time)
Governors
188. – 18..                Sulayman bin Sami
18.. - 1896                Ibrahim al-`Askar
1896 - 1908                `Abd Allah al-Askar

Sheikhs
bf.1803 – 18..             `Abd Allah bin Hamad bin Ghayhab
bf.1818 - af.1834          Hamad bin Yahya bin Ghayhab

Sheikh
bf.1853 - ....             Ibrahim bin Sulayman

1872                       Emirate of Mutayr (Mutair).
1908                       Annexed to Nejd.
1927 - 1930                Ikhwan leaders, including Emir Faysal al-Duwaish, launch a
                             rebellion against Ibn Saud.

Sheikhs
bf.1796 - 1832             Faisal bin Wathban al-Duwaish         (d. 1832)
1832 - 184.                Muhammad al-Makni
bf.1847 - 1856/57          Humaydi                               (d. 1856/57)
.... - ....                `Ammash al-Duwaish
Emirs
1872 - c.1907              ....
c.1907 – 1908              Faisal II al-Duwaish                  (b. c.1882 - d. 1931)

c.983 – 1003               Sheikhdom of `Asir (Aseer)
1524 - 1538                Occupied by Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt.
1539                       Part of Ottoman Empire (under governors of Yemen).
1728/29                    Sheikhdom in Djazan and Abu `Arish. 
1802 - 1815                Diriyah (Wahhabi) vassals rule in `Asir as-Sarat.
1813 - 1840                Coastal `Asir under Egyptian occupation.
1823/24                    Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
                             (or `Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1830                       Sheikhdom of Lower (South) `Asir, under the Idrisi dynasty
                             independent under (nominal) suzerainty of the
                             `Ayad's to 1909.
1872                       Annexed by Ottoman Empire as a mutassarrifiyya dependent on
                             the vilayet of Yemen, with the capital at Abha,
1910                       `Asir is detached from Yemeni administration and reconstituted as
                             a separate administrative unit, without the status of a vilayet,
                             but directly under the Ottoman government.
 3 Aug 1917                Emirate of `Asir declares independence. 
30 Aug 1920                Upper `Asir annexed by Nejd.
20 Nov 1930                Lower `Asir (and Jizan) incorporated into Hejaz by Ibn Saud.
14 Jun 1934                Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes `Asir, Jizan, Najran to the
                             Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if in 1934
                             (signed 19 May 1934).

Sheikhs
1728/29 - 1762/63          Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khayrat
1762/63 - 1809             Muhammad                              (d. 1809) 
1809 - 1818/40             Sharif Hamud bin Muhammad Abu Mismar
1801 - 1809                `Abd al-Wahhab Muhammad bin Abu       (d. 1809)
                           Nuqta ar-Rufayda (in `Asir as-Sarat) 
1809 – 1815                Tami bin Shu`ayb (in `Asir as-Sarat)  (d. 1815)
1815 - 1840                ....
1840 - 1848                al-Husayn bin `Ali bin Haydar         (d. 1851) 
                             (in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1848 – 1855                Haydar (in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1855 - 185.                ....
185. – 1863                al-Hasan bin Muhammad
                             (in rebellion, in Abu Arish)

1823/24                    Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
                             (or `Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1872                       Part of Ottoman Empire, annexed to Yemen province.
Aug 1916                   Independence of Emirate of Upper `Asir (Al Imarat al-`Asir al-Ulya)
                             declared in revolt against `Asir.
1918                       Ottomans withdraw from Abha.
Apr - May 1920             Nejd intervened in support of the Ikhwan and defeated bin `Ayad.
30 Aug 1920                Upper `Asir partitioned between the Nejd and the Idrisi `Asir.
1923                       `Ayad territory formally annexed by Nejd.

Sheikhs
1823/24 – 18..             Sa`id bin Muslat al-Mughaydi
18.. - 1833/34             `Ali bin Mudjattil al-Mughaydi
1833/34 - 1856/57          `Al'ud bin Mar`i bin Musa al-Mughaydi (d. 1856/57)
1856/57 – 1872             Muhammad                              (d. 1872) 
1872 - 1916                Post abolished
Emir
1916 - 30 Aug 1920         al-Hasan bin `Ayad (in Abha) 

1829/30                    Sheikhdom of `Asir, under Idris dynasty.
1871 - 1914                Part of Ottoman Empire.
1902                       Muhammad bin Ali, great-grandson of Ahmed bin Idriss Al-Magrabi,
                             is appointed chief of the people.
30 Apr 1915                Anglo-Idrisi Treaty was signed, recognizing the independence of
                             the Idrisi ruler by the U.K.
24 Dec 1908                Sultanate of `Asir when the Idrisi established its territory.
Jan 1910                   By the Treaty of al-Hafa'ir, the Al-Idrisi local rulers gained the
                             position of kaymakam of Asir which de facto made it a semi-
                             independent region under Ottoman suzerainty.
Aug 1916 - 30 Aug 1920     `Ayad rebellion in Upper `Asir against al-Idrisi rule results in
                             Nejd annexation of `Ayad territory.
 3 Aug 1917                Emirate of `Asir (Al-Imarat al-`Asir) declares independence.
1917                       al-Qunfudhah (Kunfuda) exchanged with Hejaz for Farasan Islands
                             (Juzur Farasan).
1920                       Saudi-Idrisi Treaty of 1920 delimiting Saudi territory in
                             Asir and describing which tribes were of Saudi or of Idrisi
                             dependence.
1921 - 1925                al-Hudaydah (Hodeidah/Hodeida) ceded by U.K. to `Asir.
Apr 1925                   al-Hudaydah ceded to Yemen (recognized by Saudi Arabia 1934).
21 Oct 1926 - 20 Nov 1930  Protectorate of Nejd (not recognized by Kingdom of Yemen).
20 Nov 1930                Incorporated into Hejaz by Nejd (recognized by Kingdom of Yemen
                             in 1934 Treaty of Taif)(signed 19 May 1934). 

Imams and Sheikhs
1829/30 - 1837/38          Sayyid Ahmad al-Idrisi al-Hasani        (b. 1760 – d. 1837/38) 
1837/38 - 1889             Sayyid Muhammad (I) bin Ahmad al-Idrisi (d. 1889)
                             al-Hasani
1889 - 1908                Sayyid Ali (I) bin Muhammad bin Ahmad   (d. 1904)
                             al-Idrisi al-Hasani
1908 - 24 Dec 1908         Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi  (b. 1876 - d. 1923)
                             al-Hasani 
Imam and Sultan
24 Dec 1908 -  3 Aug 1917  Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi  (s.a.)
                             al-Hasani
Imams and Emirs
 3 Aug 1917 - 20 Mar 1923  Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi  (s.a.)
                             al-Hasani 
20 Mar 1923 - Feb 1926     Sayyid Ali (II) bin Muhammad al-Idrisi  (b. 1905 - d. ....)
                             al-Hasani 
Feb 1926 - 20 Nov 1930     Sayyid al-Hasan bin Ali al-Idrisi
                             al-Hasani

1633                       Isma'ili Muslim ecclesiastic principality of Najran (Nadjran) under
                             the suzerainty of Imams of Yemen; consequently under Ottoman
                             Empire.
1730                       Rebellion against the Imams of Yemen.
1818 - 1872                Yemeni Imams rule northern Yemen under Ottoman sovereignty. 
1872                       Annexed by Ottoman Empire as a mutassarrifiyya dependent on
                             the vilayet of Yemen, with the capital at Abha,
30 Oct 1918                End of Ottoman suzerainty, remains a vassal of Yemen.
1924                       Forces of Yemen launched several unsuccessful raids to
                             annex Najran to the Kingdom of Yemen.
21 Oct 1926                Nejd protectorate of Najran by Treaty of Makkah (not recognized
                             by Kingdom of Yemen until 1934).
Winter 1931 - Spring 1932  Kingdom of Yemen occupies Najran.
May 1933                   Forces of the Kingdom of Yemen attack Najran.
14 Nov 1933                Saudi invasion begins.
21 Apr 1934                Saudi forces occupy Najran.
14 Jun 1934                Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes Najran, `Asir, and Jizan
                             to Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if (signed 19 May 1934).

Rulers (Da'ias)
1677 - 1717                Muhammad bin Isma'il 
                             (from 1706, in Najran) 
1717 - 1747                Hibbat-Allah 
1747 - 1760                Isma'il I 
1760 – 1774                Hasan I `Ali 
1774 - 1780                `Abd al-`Ali bin Hasan 
1780 - 1810                `Abd Allah I bin `Ali 
1810 - 1819                Yusuf 
1819 - 1826                Husayn bin Hasan bin `Ali 
1826 - 1841                Isma'il II bin Muhammad 
1841 - 1846                Hasan II 
1846 - 1872                Hasan III bin Isma'il 
1872 - 1889                Ahmad 
1889 - 1905                `Abd Allah II bin `Ali bin Husayn 
                              bin `Ali 
1905 - 1912                `Ali I bin Hibbat Allah 
1912 - 1934                `Ali II bin Muhsin bin Husayn         (d. 1936) 
1936                       Husayn Ahmad bin Hasan (pretender)

1446                       Sheikhdom of `Ayayna
1768                       Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).
1819                       Destroyed by Egypt.

Sheikhs
1685 – 1725                `Abd Allah III bin Muhammad 
1725 - 1740                Muhammad II bin Hamad Harfash 
1740 – 1750                `Uthman bin Hamad                     (d. 1750)
1750 - 1759                Mishari bin Ibrahim bin Mu`ammar 
1759 - 1760                Sultan bin Muhsin al-Mu`ammari
1760 - 1768                Nasir II bin`Uthman                   (d. 1768) 

16..                       Sheikhdom of Durma
1757?                      Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).

Sheikhs
16.. – 1684                Muhammad I
1684 – 17..                ...
17.. - 1751                Ibrahim                               (d. 1751)
1751 - 1752/53             `Abd Allah bin `Abd ar-Rahman
                             al-Muraydi
1753 - 1757?               Muhammad II 

....                        Sultanate of Ghatghat, established by Sultan bin Bijad as the
                              hijra al-ghutat, the most important and well-prepared hijra of
                              the Ikhwan movement.
bf.1920 - 1929              Vassal of Nejd.
1927 - 1930                 Ikhwan leaders, including Sultan bin Bijad, launch a rebellion
                              in the name of morality and religion against the authority of
                              Ibn Saud.
1929                        Incorporated into Nejd.

Sultan
bf.1920 - 1929              bin Bikhad (Bijad)                    (b. 1876 - d. 1931)

Bani al-Murrah

1901 - 1917

....                         Emirate of al-Murrah (Al-Imarat al-Murrah)(ranging between the
                               port of al-'Uqayr in the north to Jabrin [Yabrin] oasis and
                               the Rub' al-Khali ["Empty Quarter"] desert in the south), in
                               opposition to Ottoman and later Al Saud rule.
1768                         Battle of Qena and Qena, al-Murrah defeat the Diriyah army.
1776                         Battle of Mukhayriq Al-Safa, al-Murrah defeat Abdul Aziz's army.
1917                         Incorporated into Nejd.

Emirs
.... - 1917                  ....