Myanmar
 

c.1835 - 1 Jan 1886   1 Jan 1886 - 6 Feb 1939 6 Feb 1939 - 30 Mar 1941; 3 May 1945 - 4 Jan 1948 30 Mar 1941 - 1 Aug 1942 (provisional) 1 Aug  1942 - 1 Aug 1943 (provisional) 1 Aug 1943 - 3 May 1945 4 Jan 1948 - 2 Mar 1974 2 Mar 1974 - 21 Oct 2010 Adopted 21 Oct 2010 Map of Myanmar (Burma) Hear National Anthem "Kaba Ma Kyei" (Till the End of the World)  Adopted 22 Sep 1947 Former National Anthem  "Dobama Asiayone" (We Burmans) 30 Mar 1941 - 3 May 1945 Constitution (29 May 2008) --------------------------------- 1974 Constitution (3 Jan 1974 - 18 Sep 1988) -------------------------------------------- 1948 Constitution (4 Jan 1948 - 3 Jan 1974) Capital: Naypyidaw (administrative capital 6 Nov 2005- 21 Oct 2010) (Yangoon [Rangoon] 1886-21 Oct 2010) Awa/Ava kingdom: Ava [Inwa]1365-1555; Toungoo kingdom: Toungoo 1510-1539, 1551-1552; Pegu [Bago] 1539-1550, 1552-1599, 1613-1635; Konbaung: Shwebo 1752-1760; Sagaing 1760-1765, Awa [Ava] 1765-1783, 1821-1842; Amarapura 1783-1821, 1842-1859; Mandalay 1859-1885; British Burma Moulmein 1826-1862, Rangoon 1862-1948) Currency: Kyat (MMK); 1952-89 Burmese Kyat (BUK); 1937-52 Burmese Rupee (BUR); 1941-44 Burmese Gumpyo Rupee (BUG); 1886-1939 Indian Rupee (INR)  National Holiday: 4 Jan (1948) Independence Day Population: 55,622,506 (2018) GDP: $329.8 billion (2017) Exports: $9.83 billion (2017) Imports: $15.78 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Burman 55.9%, Karen 9.5%, Shan 6.5%, Rakhine 4%, Han Chinese 2.5%, Indian 2%, Mon 2.3%, Yangbye 2.2%, Kachin 1.5%, other 13.6% (2000) note: government recognizes 135 indigenous ethnic groups. Total Active Armed Forces: 406,000 (2010) Merchant marine: 95 ships (2018) Religions: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014) International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, AIIB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BTWC, CP, CTBT, CWC, EAS, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU (suspended), ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, RCEP (signatory), SAARC (observer), SCO (dialogue partner), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Myanmar Index Chronology 2nd cent. BC               Earliest Pyu presence in Upper Myanmar (Burma). c.180 BC                   Beikthano (also known as Panhtwa city) founded.  c.1st cent. AD - c.1050    Tagaung kingdom, a Pyu city-state.  167 AD                     Pyusawhti founds the dynasty at Pagan (Bagan)                              according to legend. 22 Mar 638 AD              Burmese calendar begins. 846 - 1288                 Pagan (Bagan) kingdom (Băgam py)(also called Pagan                              empire). 1277 - 1287                First Mongol invasions by armies of Kublai Khan. 30 Jan 1287 - 12 Mar 1552  Hanthawaddy (Hongsarwatoi) kingdom at Pegu (Bago). 17 Dec 1297 - 20 Oct 1309  Myinsaing kingdom (also called Myainsaing Regency). Jan 1300 -  8 Apr 1301     Second Mongol invasion of Burma by the Yuan dynasty                              under Temür Khan.  7 Feb 1313 - Sep 1364     Pinya kingdom (also called Vijaia state) in central                              Burma. 15 May 1315 - 30 May 1364  Sagaing kingdom (separation from Pinya). 26 Feb 1365 - 22 Jan 1555  Kingdom of Awa (Ava)(Inwa Naypyidaw). 16 Oct 1510                Toungoo (Taungoo) kingdom, founded in 1485,                              secession from Awa (Ava). 14 Mar 1527                Shan confederation sacks Awa (Ava). 22 Jan 1555                Taungoo conquers Awa (Ava). 19 Dec 1599                Arakan sacks Pegu, capital of Toungoo. Fall of the                              first Toungoo dynasty. 1613                       Taungoo (or Nyaungyan) dynasty re-unites Burma                              (re-taking Taungoo in 1610). 1751 - 1752                Negrais Island a British factory. 23 Mar 1752 -  3 Jan 1754  Mon (Hanthawaddy) occupation of Awa resulting in                              the collapse of the second Taungoo dynasty.  3 Jan 1754                Awa retaken by the Konbaung dynasty. 22 Aug 1757 -  6 Oct 1759  Negrais Island ceded to British East India Co. 31 Dec 1784                Arakan annexed by Burma. 11 May 1824                British occupy Rangoon (from Nov 1824, Pegu                               is occupied)(English spellings of Burma varied                              until c.1885: Bermah, Birmah, Burma, Burmah). 24 Feb 1826                Arakan, Tenasserim, and the coastline annexed to                              British India as parts (divisions) of Bengal;                              Pegu is restored to Burma. 20 Dec 1852                Pegu annexed to British India. 31 Jan 1862                Arakan, Tenasserim, and Pegu are united as                              a separate British ("Lower") Burma province                              (within British India).             1 Jan 1886                Upper Burma annexed to British Burma province                              (within British India). 26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province                              (within British India).  1 Apr 1937                Burma a separate British colony. 26 May 1942 - 22 Sep 1945  Thailand occupies parts of Shan States [Kyaington                              and Mongpan], which it annexes on 18 Aug 1943.  1 Aug 1942 - 15 Aug 1945  Japanese occupation (in Tenasserim from 14 Dec 1941,                              Rangoon occupied 8 Mar 1942).  1 Aug 1943 -  3 May 1945  Republic of Burma 15 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945  British military administration.  4 Jan 1948                Independence (Union of Burma [Pranyhtaungcu. Mranma                              Nuingngamtau]).  4 Jan 1974                Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma                              (Pyidaunzu Soshallhaitsammat Myăma Nainngandaw). 19 Oct 1988                Union of Burma (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw)                              (retroactive effective from 18 Sep 1988). 18 Jun 1989                Union of Myanmar¹ (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw) 31 Jan 2011                Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Pyidaunzu                              Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw) States and Regions (since 2011) States (1948-1988 Shan and Karenni states British Lower Burma (1824-1886) Tenasserim (1824-1886) Pegu (Hanthawaddy) (1740-1757, 1852-1886) Arakan (1684-1886) Toungoo (1698-1751) Exile Government (1990-2012) Exile Unity Government (from 2021) Historical Maps of Burma

Note: Burmese names are often seen prefixed with U (i.e., U Nu, U Ne Win). This simply means Mr. and therefore this prefix is not included in this record.

Kings
- Konbaung dynasty -
29 Feb 1752 - 11 May 1760  Alaungphaya                        (b. 1714 - d. 1760)
                             (in opposition to 3 Jan 1754)
11 May 1760 - 28 Nov 1763  Naungdawkyi                        (b. 1734 - d. 1763)
29 Nov 1763 - 10 Jun 1776  Hsinbyushin                        (b. 1736 - d. 1776)
10 Jun 1776 -  5 Feb 1782  Singu Min                          (b. 1756 - d. 1782)
 6 Feb 1782 - 11 Feb 1782  Maung Maung                        (b. 1763 - d. 1782)
11 Feb 1782 -  5 Jun 1819  Bodawphaya                         (b. 1745 - d. 1819)
 5 Jun 1819 - 15 Apr 1837  Bagyidaw                           (b. 1784 - d. 1846)
15 Apr 1837 - 17 Nov 1846  Tharawadi Min                      (b. 1787 - d. 1846)
17 Nov 1846 - 18 Feb 1853  Pagan Min                          (b. 1811 - d. 1880)
18 Feb 1853 -  1 Oct 1878  Mindon Min                         (b. 1814 - d. 1878)
 1 Oct 1878 - 29 Nov 1885  Thibaw Min                         (b. 1859 - d. 1916)
Chairman of the Hlutdaw (National Council)
29 Nov 1885 -  1 Jan 1886  Edward Bosc Sladen                 (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
Chief Commissioners (of British [Lower] Burma to 26 Feb 1886)
31 Jan 1862 - 16 Feb 1867  Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
16 Feb 1867 -  7 Apr 1870  Albert Fytche (1st time)           (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
 7 Apr 1870 – 26 Jun 1870  Richard Drapes Ardagh(acting)      (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
26 Jun 1870 - 18 Apr 1871  Albert Fytche (2nd time)           (s.a.)
18 Apr 1871 - 14 Apr 1875  Ashley Eden                        (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
14 Apr 1875 - 30 Mar 1878  Augustus Rivers Thompson           (b. 1829 - d. 1890)
                             (acting to 30 Apr 1877)
30 Mar 1878 -  2 Jul 1880  Charles Umpherton Aitchinson       (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
 2 Jul 1880 - 12 Mar 1887  Charles Edward Bernard             (b. 1837 - d. 1901)
                             (from 29 May 1886, Sir Charles Edward Bernard)
                             (acting to 4 Apr 1882)
 2 Mar 1883 - 28 Feb 1884  Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite    (b. 1835 - d. 1915)
                             (1st time)(acting for Bernard)
12 Mar 1887 - 10 Dec 1890  Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite    (s.a.)
                             Crosthwaite (2nd time)
                            (from 30 May 1888, Sir Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite)
 8 Sep 1889 -  8 Dec 1889  Antony Patrick MacDonnell          (b. 1844 - d. 1925)
                             (acting for Crosthwaite)
10 Dec 1890 -  2 May 1892  Alexander Mackenzie (1st time)     (b. 1842 - d. 1910)
                             (from 1 Jan 1891, Sir Alexander Mackenzie)   
 2 May 1892 - 23 May 1892  Donald Mackenzie Smeaton (1st time)(b. 1848 - d. 1910)
                             (acting)
23 May 1892 –  3 May 1894  Frederick William Richards Fryer   (b. 1845 - d. 1922)
                             (1st time)(acting)
 3 May 1894 –  3 Apr 1895  Sir Alexander Mackenzie (2nd time) (s.a.) 
 3 Apr 1895 – 25 Apr 1896  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer (2nd time)
25 Apr 1896 –  9 Aug 1896  Donald Mackenzie Smeaton (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting) 
 9 Aug 1896 -  1 May 1897  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer (3rd time)
Lieutenant governors
 1 May 1897 -  4 Apr 1903  Sir Frederick William Richards     (s.a.)
                             Fryer
 4 Apr 1903 -  9 May 1905  Sir Hugh Shakespear Barnes         (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
 9 May 1905 - 19 May 1910  Sir Herbert Thirkell White         (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
19 May 1910 - 15 May 1913  Sir Harvey Adamson (1st time)      (b. 1854 - d. 1941) 
15 May 1913 -  1 Nov 1913  Sir George Watson Shaw (acting)    (b. 1858 - d. 1931)  
 1 Nov 1913 - 28 Oct 1915  Sir Harvey Adamson (2nd time)      (s.a.)
28 Oct 1915 - 22 Sep 1917  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
                             (1st time)
22 Sep 1917 - 15 Feb 1918  Walter Francis Rice (acting)       (b. 1872 - d. 1941)
15 Feb 1918 - 21 Dec 1922  Sir Reginald Henry Craddock        (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
21 Dec 1922 -  2 Jan 1923  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Governors
 2 Jan 1923 - 20 Dec 1927  Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler        (s.a.)
20 Dec 1927 - 20 Dec 1932  Sir Charles Alexander Innes        (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
11 Aug 1930 - Feb 1931     Sir Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi      (b. 1872 - d. 1955)
                             (acting for Innes)
22 Dec 1930 -  2 Aug 1931  Saya San (Ya Gyaw)                 (b. 1876 - d. 1931)
                             (self-declared 'king'; in rebellion)
20 Dec 1932 -  8 May 1936  Sir Hugh Landsdowne Stephenson     (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
 8 May 1936 -  6 May 1941  Sir Archibald Douglas Cochrane     (b. 1885 - d. 1958)
 6 May 1941 - 31 Aug 1946  Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith     (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
                             (in Simla, India exile 15 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Japanese Military Commanders (of 15th Army; from 18 Mar 1943, Burma Area Army)
20 Apr 1942 - 18 Mar 1943  Shōjirō Iida                       (b. 1888 - d. 1980)  Mil
18 Mar 1943 - 30 Aug 1944  Masakazu Kawabe                    (b. 1886 - d. 1965)  Mil
30 Aug 1944 - 15 Aug 1945  Heitarō Kimura                     (b. 1888 - d. 1948)  Mil
Head of the Burmese Administration
 1 Aug 1942 -  1 Aug 1943  Ba Maw                             (b. 1893 - d. 1977)  FB
Supreme Chief of State (title Naingngandaw Adipadi)
 1 Aug 1943 -  3 May 1945  Ba Maw                             (s.a.)               FB:1944 MB
Director of the British Military Administration
 1 Jan 1944 - 16 Oct 1945  Lord Louis Francis Mountbatten     (b. 1900 - d. 1979)  Mil
Chief Civil Affairs Officers, Civil Affairs Service (Burma)
 1 Jan 1944 - 10 May 1945  Charles Frederick Byrde Pearce     (b. 1892 - d. 1946)  Mil
10 May 1945 -  1 Feb 1946  Hubert Elvin Rance                 (b. 1898 - d. 1974)  Mil
Governor
31 Aug 1946 -  4 Jan 1948  Sir Hubert Elvin Rance             (s.a.)
State Presidents (and from 2 Mar 1974, Presidents of the Council of State)
 4 Jan 1948 - 12 Mar 1952  Saw Shwe Thaik (provisional)       (b. 1896 - d. 1962)  AFPFL
13 Mar 1952 - 12 Mar 1957  Ba U                               (b. 1887 - d. 1963)  AFPFL
13 Mar 1957 -  2 Mar 1962  Win Maung                          (b. 1916 - d. 1989)  AFPFL
 2 Mar 1962 -  9 Nov 1981  Ne Win (Shu Maung)                 (b. 1911 - d. 2002)  Mil;
                             (chairman of Revolutionary Council to 2 Mar 1974)     1972 PSPB
 9 Nov 1981 - 27 Jul 1988  San Yu                             (b. 1918 - d. 1996)  PSPB
27 Jul 1988 - 12 Aug 1988  Sein Lwin                          (b. 1924 - d. 2004)  PSBP
12 Aug 1988 - 19 Aug 1988  Aye Ko (acting)                    (b. 1921 - d. 2006)  PSBP
19 Aug 1988 - 18 Sep 1988  Maung Maung                        (b. 1925 - d. 1994)  PSBP
Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)
18 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992  Saw Maung                          (b. 1928 - d. 1997)  Mil
23 Apr 1992 - 15 Nov 1997  Than Shwe                          (b. 1933)            Mil
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council
15 Nov 1997 - 30 Mar 2011  Than Shwe                          (s.a.)             Mil;2010 USDP
State Presidents
30 Mar 2011 - 30 Mar 2016  Thein Sein                         (b. 1945)            USDP
30 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2018  Htin Kyaw                          (b. 1946)            NLD
21 Mar 2018 - 30 Mar 2018  Myint Swe (1st time)(provisional)  (b. 1951 - d. 2025)  USDP
30 Mar 2018 -  1 Feb 2021  Win Myint                          (b. 1951)            NLD
 1 Feb 2021 -  7 Aug 2025  Myint Swe (2nd time)(provisional)  (s.a.)               USDP
22 Jul 2024 -              Min Aung Hlaing                    (b. 1956)            Mil
                             (acting [for Myint Swe to 7 Aug 2025])
Chairman of the State Administrative Council (from 31 Jul 2025,
National Security and Peace Commission)
 2 Feb 2021 -              Min Aung Hlaing                    (s.a.)               Mil

Leading ministers (informal; governors presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio)
Jan 1923 - 1924            Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi          (s.a.)               PrP
1924 - 1929                Ba Yin                             (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
1929 - 1932                Ba Tin
Dec 1932 - Apr 1934        Kyaw Din                           (b. 1894 - d. 19..)
Apr 1934 - 1937            Ba Pe (Ba Phe)                     (b. 1883 - d. 1972)  PoP
Deputy Chairmen of the Executive Council
 1 Apr 1937 - 20 Feb 1939  Ba Maw (1st time)                  (s.a.)               PMP
20 Feb 1939 -  9 Sep 1940  Maung Pu                           (b. 1881 - d. 1942)  UP 
 9 Sep 1940 - 19 Jan 1942  Saw                                (b. 1900 - d. 1948)  PP
19 Jan 1942 -  8 Mar 1942  Sir Paw Tun (1st time)             (b. 1883 - d. 1953)  PP
                            (in Simla, India exile 15 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Mar 1942 - May 1942        Tun Oke                            (b. 1907 - d. 1970)  FB
                            (chief administrator of the Central Government)
 3 Jun 1942 -  3 May 1945  Ba Maw (2nd time)                  (s.a.)               FB:1944 MB
 3 May 1945 -  3 Nov 1945  Vacant
 3 Nov 1945 - 28 Sep 1946  Sir Paw Tun (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Non-party
28 Sep 1946 - 19 Jul 1947  Aung San                           (b. 1915 - d. 1947)  AFPFL
24 Jul 1947 -  4 Jan 1948  Nu                                 (b. 1907 - d. 1995)  AFPFL
Prime ministers 
 4 Jan 1948 - 12 Jun 1956  Nu (1st time)                      (s.a.)               AFPFL
12 Jun 1956 -  1 Mar 1957  Ba Swe                             (b. 1915 - d. 1987)  AFPFL
 1 Mar 1957 - 29 Oct 1958  Nu (2nd time)                      (s.a.)               AFPFL
29 Oct 1958 -  4 Apr 1960  Ne Win (1st time)                  (s.a.)               Mil
 4 Apr 1960 -  2 Mar 1962  Nu (3rd time)                      (s.a.)               UnP
 2 Mar 1962 -  4 Mar 1974  Ne Win (2nd time)                  (s.a.)               Mil/PSBP
 4 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1977  Sein Win                           (b. 1919 - d. 1993)  Mil/PSPB
29 Mar 1977 - 26 Jul 1988  Maung Maung Kha                    (b. 1920 - d. 1995)  Mil/PSPB
26 Jul 1988 - 18 Sep 1988  Tun Tin                            (b. 1920 - d. 2020)  Mil/PSBP
21 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992  Saw Maung                          (s.a.)               Mil
24 Apr 1992 - 25 Aug 2003  Than Shwe                          (s.a.)               Mil
25 Aug 2003 - 19 Oct 2004  Khin Nyunt                         (b. 1939)            Mil
19 Oct 2004 - 12 Oct 2007  Soe Win                            (b. 1949 - d. 2007)  Mil
18 May 2007 - 30 Mar 2011  Thein Sein                         (s.a.)             Mil;2010 USDP
                             (acting [for Soe Win to 12 Oct 2007] to 24 Oct 2007)
 1 Apr 2011 -  1 Aug 2021  Post abolished
State Counselor
 6 Apr 2016 -  1 Feb 2021  Aung San Suu Kyi (f)               (b. 1945)             NLD
Prime Ministers
 1 Aug 2021 - 31 Jul 2025  Min Aung Hlaing                    (s.a.)                Mil
31 Jul 2025 -              Nyo Saw                                                Mil/Non-party

British India Residents
(in Ava; Oct 1838-Jul 1839 Amarapura; 12 Jun 1837-Oct 1838 and 22 Jul 1839 Rangoon)
 6 Nov 1833 - Oct 1837     Henry Burney                       (b. 1792 - d. 1845)
Oct 1837 - 13 Jul 1838     George Thomas Bayfield (acting)    (b. 1806 - d. 1840)
13 Jul 1838 - Mar 1839     Richard Benson                     (b. 1785 - d. 1858)
Mar 1839 -  7 Jan 1840     William Couperus McLeod (Macleod)  (b. 1805 - d. 1880)
                             (acting)
Jan 1840 - 1862            Vacant
British Residents (at Mandalay)
1862 - 1864                Clement Williams                   (b. 1833 - d. 1879)
1864 - 1869                Edward Bosc Sladen                 (s.a.)
1869 - 1872                Alexander Ruxton McMahon           (b. 1830 - d. 1899)
1872 - 1875                George Augustus Strover            (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
1875 - 1878                Harvey Tuckett Duncan              (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
1878 - 15 Jun 1879         Robert Barkley Shaw                (b. 1839 - d. 1879)
15 Jun 1879 - 29 Aug 1879  Horace Albert Browne (acting)      (b. 1831 - d. 1914)
29 Aug 1879 -  6 Oct 1879  Henry Louis (Browne) St. Barbe     (b. 1849? - d. 1886)
                             (charge d'affaires)    
 6 Oct 1879 -  1 Jan 1886  Vacant
British Assistant Political Agents (in Bhamo)
1869 - 1872                George Augustus Strover            (s.a.)
1872 - 1873                Horace Ralph Spearman              (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
1873 - May 1877            Crawford Boyd Cooke                (b. 1855 - d. 1925)
                             (acting to Feb 1874)
1877 - 1878                Thomas Thornville Cooper           (b. 1839 - d. 1878)
1878 - 1879                Henry Lewis (Browne) St. Barbe     (s.a.)
Japanese Superintendents, Military Administration Department
(from Mar 1943, Burmese Army Administration Department)(all Commanders, Japanese 15th Army)
15 Mar 1942 - 24 Jul 1942  Yoshio Nasu                        (b. 1897 - d. 1993)
25 Jul 1942 - 30 Nov 1942  Haruki Isayama                     (b. 1894 - d. 1990)
 1 Dec 1942 -  1 Aug 1943  Eitarō Naka                        (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
Special Advisor on Economics and Finance (Japanese Proconsul)
Dec 1943 -  1 Apr 1945     Gōtarō Ogawa                       (b. 1876 - d. 1945)

National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

 5 Feb 2021                Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), representing a
                             group of NLD lawmakers and members of parliament ousted in the 1
                             Feb 2021 Myanmar coup, is formed.
 9 Mar 2021                CRPH names Mahn Win Khaing Than acting Vice President of Myanmar.
16 Apr 2021                National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of
                             Myanmar (NUG) government in exile is formed by the CRPH.

Acting Vice President and Acting President in the Acting Cabinet of the
Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
 9 Mar 2021 - 16 Apr 2021  Mahn Win Khaing Than               (b. 1952)             NLD
President of the National Unity Government
16 Apr 2021 -              Duwa Lashi La (acting)             (b. 1950)             KNCC+NUCC

Prime minister of the National Unity Government
16 Apr 2021 -              Mahn Win Khaing Than               (s.a.)                NLD+NUCC

National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma in exile (1990-2012)

18 Dec 1990                National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
                             established at Manerplaw by NLD and other opposition parties.
27 Jan 1995                Manerplaw captured by government forces, NCGUB moves to Sweden.
16 Jul 1995                Reorganized as the democratic government of Burma.
Dec 1997                   Proposed First Draft Constitution published.
14 Sep 2012                Dissolved to aid the reform process in Myanmar.

 ¹Not strictly a name change, just a new version to be used internationally of the same Burmese name (Pyidaunzu Myăma Nainngandaw) that before 1989 was translated as Union of Burma. 

Territorial Disputes: Over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 912,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Rakhine State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; fencing along the India-Burma international border at Manipur's Moreh town is in progress to check illegal drug trafficking and movement of militants; over 100,000 mostly Karen refugees and asylum seekers fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma were living in remote camps in Thailand near the border as of May 2017.

Party abbreviations: KNCC = Kachin National Consultative Council; NUCC = National Unity Consultative Council (anti-Military coup alliance of 28 ethnic armed organizations and the Bamar majority including the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, est.8 Mar 2021); USDP = Union Solidarity and Development Party (military-backed state party 2011-2016, est.Jun 2010); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AFPFL = Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (leftist, nationalist, pro-independence, 1944-1962); FB = Burma Freedom Bloc (Bama Htwet Yat Gaing, later renamed Dobama-Sinyetha Asiayone [We Burma-Poor Man's Association], Oct 1939-1944, renamed MB);  MB = Maha Bama (Greater Burma, Burmese nationalist, 1944-1946); NLD = National League for Democracy (democratic-socialist, center-left, originally won 27 May 1990 election, banned 6 May 2010 - 13 Dec 2011 and from 28 Mar 2023, est.27 Sep 1988); PMP = Poor Man's Party ("Hsinyeitha," 1935-Oct 1939, merged with Dobama Asiayon and All Burma Students Union into FB); PP = Patriot's Party ("Myochit," nationalist, 1938-1948); PoP = People's Party (Burma nationalist, merger of Nationalist Party, Home Rule Party and Swaraj Party, 1926-1936, successor Nationalist Party 1936-1938); PND = Party of National Democracy (sister party of NLD, 1988-20 Dec 1990, banned); PrP = Progressive Party (conservative, pro-British, split from Young Men's Buddhist Association, 1922-1925, renamed Independent Party); PSPB = Party of the Socialist Program of Burma ("Lanzin", socialist, 1962-88, only legal party 23 Mar 1964 - 18 Sep 1988); UnP = Union Party ("Pyidaungsu," split form AFPFL, 1960-1962); UP = United Party (pro-constitution, 1936-1942)

16 Oct 1510                Toungoo (Taungoo) kingdom, founded in 1485,
                             secession from Awa (Ava).
19 May 1542                Toungoo takes Prome (Pyay) and 1542 Bagan.
22 Jan 1555                Taungoo conquers Awa (Ava).
19 Dec 1599                Arakan sacks Pegu, capital of Toungoo. Fall of the
                             first Toungoo dynasty.
1613                       Taungoo (or Nyaungyan) dynasty re-unites Burma
                             (re-taking Taungoo in 1610).
23 Mar 1752 -  3 Jan 1754  Pegu (Hanthawaddy) occupation of Awa resulting in
                             the collapse of the second Taungoo dynasty. 

Kings
- Toungoo dynasty -
27 Aug 1648 -  3 Jun 1661  Pindale Min                        (b. 1608 - d. 1661)
 3 Jun 1661 - 14 Apr 1672  Pye Min                            (b. 1619 - d. 1672)
14 Apr 1672 - 27 Feb 1673  Narawara                           (b. 1650 - d. 1673)
27 Feb 1673 -  4 May 1698  Minyekyawdin (Minyekyawhtin)       (b. 1651 - d. 1698)
 4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714  Sanay Min                          (b. 1673 - d. 1714)
12 Sep 1714 - 12 Dec 1733  Taninganway Min                    (b. 1689 - d. 1733)
12 Dec 1733 - 23 Mar 1752  Maha Dhammaraza Dipati             (b. 1714 - d. 1754)

11 May 1824                British occupy Rangoon (from 29 Nov 1824, Pegu).
1824 - 1826                Tenasserim under the supervision of Penang.
24 Feb 1826                British annex Arakan, Tenasserim, and the coast to
                             British India. Pegu is restored to Burma.
20 Dec 1852                British annex Pegu to British India.
31 Jan 1862                Arakan, Pegu and Tenasserim are united a separate British 
                             (Lower) Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Burma a separate British colony.
 4 Jan 1948                Part of independent Burma. 

Tenasserim

Military commander
11 May 1824 - 1826         Sir Archibald Campbell             (b. 1769 - d. 1843)
Commissioners in the Tenasserim Provinces
1826 - 1828                Sir Archibald Campbell             (s.a.)
1828 - Jul 1833            Anthony de la Combe Maingy         (b. 1795 - d. 1865)
1833 - 1843                Edmund Augustus Blundell           (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
Apr 1843 - 1844            George Broadfoot                   (b. 1807 - d. 1845)
Sep 1844 - 1846            Henry Marion Durand                (b. 1812 - d. 1871)
1846 - 1849                John Russell Colvin                (b. 1807 - d. 1857)
1849 - 1857                Archibald Bogle                    (b. 1805 - d. 1870)
                             (from 9 Dec 1853, Sir Archibald Bogle)
Apr 1857 - 1862            Albert Fytche                      (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
1858 - 1860                Henry Hopkinson (acting for Fytche)(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
Commissioners of Tenasserim Province
1862 - Mar 1867            Albert Fytche                      (s.a.)
1867 - 1872                David Brown                        (b. 1823 - d. 1911)
1872 - 1876                Edward Bosc Sladen                 (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
1876 - 1878                Richard Drapes Ardagh              (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1879 - Oct 1883            Alexander Gordon Duff              (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
Oct 1883 - 1886            William Charles Plant              (b. 1836 - d. 1898)

825 - 1057                 (Mon) Talaing kingdom at (Pegu) comprises part of
                             present-day southeastern Burma and west-central Thailand.
1057 - 1287                Burmese occupation.
30 Jan 1287 - 12 Mar 1552  Hanthawaddy (Hongsarwatoi) kingdom at Pegu (Bago)
                            (as a vassal of Sukhothai 1287–1298, 1307–1317).
1539 - 1580                Burmese occupation.
12 Mar 1552                Burmese occupation; part of Kingdom of Awa. 
 8 Dec 1740                Hanthawaddy (Hongsarwatoi) kingdom briefly restored at Pegu
                             expelling the Toungoo loyalists (Old Style date 27 Nov 1740).
 6 May 1757                Incorporation into (Konbaung) Burma. 
Nov 1824 - 24 Feb 1826     British occupy Pegu.
20 Dec 1852                Annexed to British India as part (division) of Bengal.
31 Jan 1862                Along with Arakan and Tenasserim part of the British
                             (Lower) Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Part of separate colony of Burma.

Kings
 8 Dec 1740 - Jan 1747     Smim Htaw Buddhaketi
Jan 1747 -  6 May 1757     Binnya Dala (= Aung Hla)           (d. 1774)
Commissioners of Pegu
1824 - 1826                Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
20 Dec 1852 - 31 Jan 1862  Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1862 - Apr 1863            Thomas Phillips Sparks             (b. 1819 - d. 1863)
23 Apr 1863 - 1865         Samuel Richard Tickell             (b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1865 - 1878                Richard Drapes Ardagh              (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1878 - 1880                Horace Albert Browne               (b. 1831 - d. 1914)
1881                       George James Spence Hodgkinson     (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
                             (acting)
1881 - 1886                Charles Walker Street              (b. 1835 - d. 1890)

3325 BC                    Arakan kingdom founded according to legend.
c.825 AD                   First recorded dynasty.
1429                       Mrauk-U (Mrohaung) kingdom (commonly known as Arakan).
1429 - 1437                Vassal of the Bengal Sultanate.
1531                       Takes Chittagong from the Bengal Sultanate.
27 Jan 1666                Chittagong taken by the Mughal Empire.
31 Dec 1784                King flees to Kyunthaya Island during Burmese invasion.
 1 Jan 1785                Mrauk U city conquered by Burma (Konbaung).
 9 Jan 1785                King Maha Thammada and his family captured on Kyunthaya Island.
24 Feb 1826                Arakan (then spelled Arracan) annexed by Britain, part (division)
                             of Bengal (which is part of British India). 
31 Jan 1862                Along with Tenasserim and Pegu part of British (Lower)
                             Burma province (within British India).
26 Feb 1886                Upper and Lower Burma united as Burma province (within
                             British India).
 1 Apr 1937                Part of separate colony of Burma.

Kings
21 Dec 1684 - 18 Apr 1685  Thiri Thuddhama II Ugga-bala       (b. c.1650 - d. 1685)
20 Apr 1685 - 1692         Wara Dhammaraza
20 Jun 1692 - 20 Dec 1694  Muni Thudhammaraza 
20 Dec 1694 -  4 Aug 1696  Sandathuriya I (Sanda Thuriya I)   (b. 1672 - d. 1696)
 4 Aug 1696 - 18 Aug 1696  Nawrahta                           (b. 1682 - d. 1696)
18 Aug 1696 - 13 May 1697  Mayuppiya
16 May 1697 -  5 Jun 1698  Kalamandat                         (b. 1637 - d. 1698)
 5 Jun 1698 - 17 Jun 1700  Naradipati I                       (b. 1676/77 - d. 1700)
18 Jun 1700 - 30 Mar 1707  Sandawimala I (Sanda Wimala I)     (b. 1680/81 - d. 1708)
 3 Sep 1707 - Sep 1710     Sandathuriya II (Sanda Thuriya II) (b. 1660 - d. 1710)
Nov 1710 - Apr 1731        Sandawizaya (Sanda Wizaya)         (b. 1665 - d. 1731)
Apr 1731 - 1734            Sandathuriya III                   (b. 1695/96 - d. 1734)
                             (Sanda Thuriya III)
1734 - 1735                Naradipati II
Feb 1735 - Sep 1737        Narapawara                         (d. 1737)
Sep 1737 - 25 Mar 1738     Sandawizala II (Sanda Wizala)
28 Mar 1738 -  6 Jan 1743  Madarit                            (b. 1718 - d. 1743)
23 Jan 1743 - 28 Oct 1761  Nara Apaya                         (b. 1694 - d. 1761)
28 Oct 1761 -  4 Feb 1762  Thirithu                           (b. 1729 - d. 1762)
 4 Feb 1762 -  1 May 1764  Sandaparama (Sanda Parama)         (b. 1741 - d. 1764)
 1 May 1764 - 17 Jan 1774  Apaya (Apaya Maha Raza)            (b. 1710 - d. 1774)
18 Jan 1774 - 22 Apr 1777  Sandathumana (Sanda Thumana)       (b. 1727 - d. 1777)
23 Apr 1777 -  2 Jun 1777  Sandawimala II (Sanda Wimala II)   (b. 1731 - d. ....)
 5 Jun 1777 -  2 Nov 1782  Sandathaditha (Sanda Thaditha)     (b. 1727 - d. 1782)
 2 Dec 1782 -  9 Jan 1785  Maha Thammada                      (b. 1742 - d. 1786)
 1 Jan 1785 - 24 Feb 1826  annexed by Burma
British Agent to the Governor General in Arakan (Arracan)
(from 25 Aug 1825, and Commissioner of Arakan)
25 Apr 1825 - 1826         Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
Bengal Government Senior Commissioners in Arakan (Arracan)
 9 Jun 1826 - 1829         Richard Hunter (to 1828)
                           + Charles Paton                    (b. 1791 - d. 1830)
Bengal Government Superintendents of Arakan (Arracan)
(subordinated to the commissioner of Chittagong)
1829 - 1830                Charles Paton                      (s.a.)
21 Dec 1830 - 1834         Thomas Dickinson                   (b. 1789 - d. 1859)
Commissioners of Arakan
1834 - 1837                Thomas Dickinson                   (s.a.)
1837 - 1849                Archibald Bogle                    (b. 1805 - d. 1870)
Mar 1849 - 1852            Arthur Purves Phayre               (b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1852 - 1858                Henry Hopkinson                    (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
 6 Dec 1858 -  9 Apr 1867  George Verner                      (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
10 Apr 1867 - 23 Apr 1867  Edward Moody Ryan (1st time)       (b. 1824 - d. 1879)
                             (acting)
24 Apr 1867 - 24 Oct 1872  James Francis John Stevenson       (b. 1822 - d. 1873)
                             (1st time)
25 Oct 1872 - 23 Jan 1873  Horatio Nelson Davies (1st time)   (b. 1827 - d. 1888)
                             (acting)
23 Jan 1873 - Dec 1873     James Francis John Stevenson       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1873 -  7 Feb 1876     Edward Moody Ryan (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 8 Feb 1876 - 29 Feb 1876  Horatio Nelson Davies (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 1 Mar 1876 - 13 Sep 1878  Edward Bosc Sladen (1st time)      (b. 1827 - d. 1890)
14 Sep 1878 - 10 Dec 1878  William Charles Plant (1st time)   (b. 1836 - d. 1898)
                             (acting)
11 Dec 1878 -  6 Jun 1880  George James Spence Hodgkinson     (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
                             (1st time)
 7 Jun 1880 - 22 Jun 1880  William Charles Plant (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (acting)
23 Jun 1880 - 31 Aug 1880  William de Courcy Ireland (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
 1 Sep 1880 - 26 Oct 1880  George James Spence Hodgkinson     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
27 Oct 1880 - 12 Aug 1883  Edward Bosc Sladen (2nd time)      (s.a.)
13 Aug 1883 - 13 Nov 1883  George Augustus Strover (acting)   (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
14 Nov 1883 -  3 Nov 1885  Edward Bosc Sladen (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 4 Nov 1885 - 17 Dec 1885  John Kenneth MacRae (acting)       (b. 1831 - d. 1910)
18 Dec 1885 - 26 Jul 1886  George Douglas Burgess             (b. 1847 - d. 1898)