U.S. states O-R

U.S. States O-R

States Ohio (OH) - Oklahoma (OK) - Oregon (OR) - Pennsylvania (PA) - Rhode Island (RI) -

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, formerly D-R); Ind = Independent;
Rep = Republican Party (conservative [est.1854 as anti-slavery]); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AMP= Anti-Masonic Party (opposed Free Masonry, 1827-1836); AP = American Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Roman Catholic, Unionist, 1853-1860, informally called Know-Nothing Party); CtyP = Country Party (Rhode Island, anti-federalist, 1786-91); D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, 1794-1829, renamed Dem); DFS = Democratic Free Soil Party (anti-slavery, opposed extension of slavery into western U.S. territories 1848-1854); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, pro-Federal power, 1780's-1815); F-R = Federalist-Republican Party; LOP = Law and Order Party; N-R = National Republican Party (anti-Jacksonian, 1826-1834); Peop = People's Party (Rhode Island 1842, favored universal male suffrage); RIP = Rhode Island Party; Uni = Union Party (or Constitutional Union Party, formed chiefly by remnants of the AP and southern Whigs, May 1860-1861); Whg = Whig Party (pro-federal govt., anti-Jacksonian, 1834-1854/60)

Ohio

Adopted 9 May 1902

Map of Ohio	Hear State Song "Beautiful Ohio"	Text of State Song Adopted 14 Oct 1969	State Constitution (1 Sep 1851)
Capital: Columbus (Marietta 9 Jul 1788-1801; Chillicothe 1 Mar 1801-1810, 1812-16; Zanesville 1810-1812)	Motto: With God, all things are possible.	Nickname: Buckeye State	Population: 11,469,152 (2008)

Mayors of Akron	Chronology `3 Sep 1783 Ceded to the United States by Britain.` `13 Sep 1786 - 30 May 1800 Western Reserve (tract of land in NE Ohio, on` `the southern shore of Lake Erie)` `administered by Connecticut.` `13 Jul 1787 Northwest Ordinance enacted.` `9 Jul 1788 Territory Northwest of the River Ohio` `(Northwest Territory) created.` `1 Mar 1803 State of Ohio`
Mayors of Cincinnati
Mayors of Cleveland
Mayors of Columbus
Mayors of Toledo

Governors
9 Jul 1788 - 14 Dec 1802 Arthur St. Clair                   (b. 1736 - d. 1818) Fed
14 Dec 1802 - 3 Mar 1803 Charles Willing Byrd (acting)      (b. 1770 - d. 1828) D-R
3 Mar 1803 - 4 Mar 1807 Edward Tiffin                      (b. 1766 - d. 1829) D-R
4 Mar 1807 - 12 Dec 1808 Thomas Kirker (acting)             (b. 1760 - d. 1837) D-R
12 Dec 1808 - 8 Dec 1810 Samuel H. Huntington               (b. 1765 - d. 1817) D-R
8 Dec 1810 - 24 Mar 1814 Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr.         (b. 1765 - d. 1824) D-R
24 Mar 1814 - 8 Dec 1814 Othneil Looker (acting)            (b. 1757 - d. 1845) D-R
8 Dec 1814 - 14 Dec 1818 Thomas Worthington                 (b. 1773 - d. 1827) D-R
14 Dec 1818 - 4 Jan 1822 Ethan Allan Brown                  (b. 1776 - d. 1852) D-R
4 Jan 1822 - 28 Dec 1822 Allen Trimble (1st time)           (b. 1783 - d. 1870) D-R
                             (acting)
28 Dec 1822 - 19 Dec 1826 Jeremiah Morrow                    (b. 1771 - d. 1852) D-R
19 Dec 1826 - 18 Dec 1830 Allen Trimble (2nd time)           (s.a.)               N-R
18 Dec 1830 - 7 Dec 1832 Duncan McArthur                    (b. 1772 - d. 1839) N-R
7 Dec 1832 - 12 Dec 1836 Robert Lucas                       (b. 1781 - d. 1853) Dem
12 Dec 1836 - 13 Dec 1838 Joseph Vance                       (b. 1786 - d. 1852) Whg
13 Dec 1838 - 16 Dec 1840 Wilson Shannon (1st time)          (b. 1802 - d. 1865) Dem
16 Dec 1840 - 14 Dec 1842 Thomas Corwin                      (b. 1794 - d. 1865) Whg
14 Dec 1842 - 15 Apr 1844 Wilson Shannon (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
15 Apr 1844 - 3 Dec 1844 Thomas Welles Bartley (acting)     (b. 1812 - d. 1885) Dem
3 Dec 1844 - 12 Dec 1846 Mordecai Bartley                   (b. 1783 - d. 1870) Whg
12 Dec 1846 - 22 Jan 1849 William Bebb                       (b. 1801 - d. 1873) Whg
22 Jan 1849 - 12 Dec 1850 Seabury Ford                       (b. 1801 - d. 1855) Whg
12 Dec 1850 - 13 Jul 1853 Reuben Wood                        (b. 1792 - d. 1864) Dem
13 Jul 1853 - 14 Jan 1856 William Medill                     (b. 1802 - d. 1865) Dem
                             (acting to 9 Jan 1854)
14 Jan 1856 - 9 Jan 1860 Salmon Portland Chase              (b. 1808 - d. 1873) Rep
9 Jan 1860 - 13 Jan 1862 William Dennison, Jr.              (b. 1815 - d. 1882) Rep
13 Jan 1862 - 11 Jan 1864 David Tod                          (b. 1805 - d. 1868) Uni
11 Jan 1864 - 29 Aug 1865 John Brough                        (b. 1811 - d. 1865) Uni
29 Aug 1865 - 8 Jan 1866 Charles Anderson (acting)          (b. 1814 - d. 1895) Rep
8 Jan 1866 - 13 Jan 1868 Jacob Dolson Cox                   (b. 1828 - d. 1900) Rep
13 Jan 1868 - 8 Jan 1872 Rutherford Birchard Hayes          (b. 1822 - d. 1893) Rep
                             (1st time)
8 Jan 1872 - 12 Jan 1874 Edward Follansbee Noyes            (b. 1832 - d. 1890) Rep
12 Jan 1874 - 10 Jan 1876 William Allen                      (b. 1803 - d. 1879) Dem
10 Jan 1876 - 2 Mar 1877 Rutherford Birchard Hayes          (s.a.)               Rep
                             (2nd time)
2 Mar 1877 - 14 Jan 1878 Thomas Lowry Young (acting)        (b. 1832 - d. 1888) Rep
14 Jan 1878 - 12 Jan 1880 Richard Moore Bishop               (b. 1812 - d. 1893) Dem
12 Jan 1880 - 14 Jan 1884 Charles Foster                     (b. 1828 - d. 1904) Rep
14 Jan 1884 - 11 Jan 1886 George Hoadly                      (b. 1826 - d. 1902) Dem
11 Jan 1886 - 13 Jan 1890 Joseph Benson Foraker              (b. 1846 - d. 1917) Rep
13 Jan 1890 - 11 Jan 1892 James Edwin Campbell               (b. 1843 - d. 1924) Dem
11 Jan 1892 - 13 Jan 1896 William McKinley                   (b. 1843 - d. 1901) Rep
13 Jan 1896 - 8 Jan 1900 Asa Smith Bushnell                 (b. 1834 - d. 1904) Rep
8 Jan 1900 - 11 Jan 1904 George Kilborn Nash                (b. 1842 - d. 1904) Rep
11 Jan 1904 - 8 Jan 1906 Myron Timothy Herrick              (b. 1854 - d. 1929) Rep
8 Jan 1906 - 18 Jun 1906 John M. Pattison                   (b. 1847 - d. 1906) Dem
18 Jun 1906 - 11 Jan 1909 Andrew Linter Harris (acting)      (b. 1835 - d. 1915) Rep
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913 Judson Harmon                      (b. 1846 - d. 1927) Dem
13 Jan 1913 - 11 Jan 1915 James Middleton Cox (1st time)     (b. 1870 - d. 1957) Dem
11 Jan 1915 - 8 Jan 1917 Frank Bartlett Willis              (b. 1871 - d. 1928) Rep
8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921 James Middleton Cox (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
10 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1923 Harry Lyman Davis                  (b. 1878 - d. 1950) Rep
8 Jan 1923 - 14 Jan 1929 Alvin Victor Donahey               (b. 1873 - d. 1946) Dem
14 Jan 1929 - 12 Jan 1931 Myers Young Cooper                 (b. 1873 - d. 1958) Rep
12 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 George White                       (b. 1872 - d. 1953) Dem
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Martin Luther Davey                (b. 1884 - d. 1946) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 8 Jan 1945 John William Bricker               (b. 1893 - d. 1986) Rep
8 Jan 1945 - 13 Jan 1947 Frank John Lausche (1st time)      (b. 1895 - d. 1990) Dem
13 Jan 1947 - 10 Jan 1949 Thomas John Herbert                (b. 1894 - d. 1974) Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1957 Frank John Lausche (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
3 Jan 1957 - 14 Jan 1957 John William Brown                 (b. 1913 - d. 1993) Rep
14 Jan 1957 - 12 Jan 1959 Crone William O'Neill              (b. 1916 - d. 1978) Rep
12 Jan 1959 - 14 Jan 1963 Michael Vincent DiSalle            (b. 1908 - d. 1981) Dem
14 Jan 1963 - 11 Jan 1971 James Allan Rhodes (1st time)      (b. 1909 - d. 2001) Rep
11 Jan 1971 - 13 Jan 1975 John Joyce Gilligan                (b. 1921)            Dem
13 Jan 1975 - 10 Jan 1983 James Allan Rhodes (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Rep
10 Jan 1983 - 14 Jan 1991 Richard F. Celeste                 (b. 1937)            Dem
14 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1998 George Victor Voinovich            (b. 1936)            Rep31 Dec 1998 - 11 Jan 1999 Nancy Putnam Hollister (f)         (b. 1949)            Rep11 Jan 1999 -  8 Jan 2007 Robert "Bob" Alphonso Taft III     (b. 1942)            Rep 8 Jan 2007 -              Ted Strickland                   (b. 1941)            Dem

Oklahoma


2 Mar 1911 - 2 Apr 1925


2 Apr 1925 - 9 May 1941


Adopted 9 May 1941

Map of Oklahoma	Hear State Song "Oklahoma!"	Text of State Song Adopted 11 Mar 1953	State Constitution (16 Nov 1907)
Capital: Oklahoma City (Guthrie 2 May 1890- 1 Jun 1910)	Motto: Labor omnia vincit (Labor conquers all things)	Nickname: The Sooner State	Population: 3,684,862 (2008)

Mayors of Oklahoma City	Chronology `26 Mar 1804 Part of Louisiana Territory.` `7 Dec 1812 Part of Missouri Territory.` `2 Mar 1819 Area south of 36.5° part of Arkansas Territory` `26 May 1828 Unorganized territory.` `28 May 1830 Settlement of "Five Civilized Nations" begun` `under the Indian Removal Act.` `30 Jun 1834 Indian Territory.` `8 Feb 1860 - 16 Mar 1896 Greer County claimed by Texas.` `1879 - 1889 Bands of white migrants - the so-called` `"Boomers" - try to settle the area.` `22 Apr 1889 Unassigned lands were formally opened to white` `settlement.` `2 May 1890 Oklahoma Territory` `26 Apr 1906 End of sovereign rights of the Five Nations` `(effective 4 Mar 1906).` `16 Nov 1907 Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory` `united as State of Oklahoma.`
Mayors of Tulsa
Map of Indian Territory
Historical Maps of Oklahoma

Chief Leaders of the "Boomers"
1880 - 28 Nov 1884         David Lewis Payne                (b. 1836 - d. 1884)
Nov 1884 - 1889            William L. Couch (b. 1850 - d. 1890)
President of the Oklahoma Colony
1889                       James Murray
Provisional Mayors of Oklahoma City
27 Apr 1889 - 11 Nov 1889 William L. Couch (s.a.)
11 Nov 1889 - 27 Nov 1889 Sidney Clark (acting)
27 Nov 1889 - 30 Dec 1889 Andrew Jackson Beale
15 Jul 1890 - 2 May 1890 D.W. Gibbs
Governors
2 May 1890 - 18 Oct 1891 George Washington Steele           (b. 1839 - d. 1922) Rep
18 Oct 1891 - 1 Feb 1892 Robert Martin                      (b. 1833 - d. 1897) Rep
1 Feb 1892 - 7 May 1893 Abraham Jefferson Seay             (b. 1832 - d. 1915) Rep
7 May 1893 - 24 May 1897 William Cary Renfrow               (b. 1845 - d. 1922) Dem
24 May 1897 - 20 Apr 1901 Cassius McDonald Barnes            (b. 1845 - d. 1925) Rep
20 Apr 1901 - 30 Nov 1901 William Miller Jenkins             (b. 1856 - d. 1941) Rep
30 Nov 1901 - 9 Dec 1901 William C. Grimes                  (b. 1857 - d. 1931) Rep
9 Dec 1901 - 5 Jan 1906 Thompson Benton Ferguson           (b. 1857 - d. 1921) Rep
5 Jan 1906 - 16 Nov 1907 Frank Frantz                       (b. 1872 - d. 1941) Rep
16 Nov 1907 - 9 Jan 1911 Charles Nathaniel Haskell          (b. 1861 - d. 1933) Dem
9 Jan 1911 - 11 Jan 1915 Lee Cruce                          (b. 1863 - d. 1933) Dem
11 Jan 1915 - 13 Jan 1919 Robert Lee Williams                (b. 1868 - d. 1948) Dem
13 Jan 1919 - 8 Jan 1923 James Brooks Ayers Robertson       (b. 1871 - d. 1938) Dem
8 Jan 1923 - 19 Nov 1923 John Callaway Walton               (b. 1881 - d. 1949) Dem
19 Nov 1923 - 10 Jan 1927 Martin Edwin Trapp                 (b. 1877 - d. 1951) Dem
10 Jan 1927 - 20 Mar 1929 Henry Simpson Johnston             (b. 1867 - d. 1965) Dem
20 Mar 1929 - 1 Jan 1931 William Judson Holloway            (b. 1888 - d. 1970) Dem
1 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 William Henry Murray               (b. 1869 - d. 1956) Dem
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Ernest Whitworth Marland           (b. 1874 - d. 1941) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 11 Jan 1943 Leon Chase Phillips                (b. 1890 - d. 1958) Dem
11 Jan 1943 - 13 Jan 1947 Robert Samuel Kerr                 (b. 1896 - d. 1963) Dem
13 Jan 1947 - 8 Jan 1951 Roy Joseph Turner                  (b. 1894 - d. 1973) Dem
8 Jan 1951 - 10 Jan 1955 Johnston Murray                    (b. 1902 - d. 1974) Dem
10 Jan 1955 - 12 Jan 1959 Raymond D. Gary                    (b. 1908 - d. 1993) Dem
12 Jan 1959 - 6 Jan 1963 James Howard Edmondson             (b. 1925 - d. 1971) Dem
6 Jan 1963 - 14 Jan 1963 George Patterson Nigh (1st time)   (b. 1927)            Dem
14 Jan 1963 - 9 Jan 1967 Henry Louis Bellmon (1st time)     (b. 1921 - d. 2009) Rep
9 Jan 1967 - 11 Jan 1971 Dewey Follett Bartlett             (b. 1919 - d. 1979) Rep
11 Jan 1971 - 13 Jan 1975 David Hall                         (b. 1930)            Dem
13 Jan 1975 - 3 Jan 1979 David Lyle Boren                   (b. 1941)            Dem
3 Jan 1979 - 12 Jan 1987 George Patterson Nigh (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Dem
12 Jan 1987 - 14 Jan 1991 Henry Louis Bellmon (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Rep
14 Jan 1991 - 9 Jan 1995 David Lee Walters                  (b. 1951)            Dem
9 Jan 1995 - 13 Jan 2003 Frank Anthony Keating              (b. 1944)            Rep
13 Jan 2003 -              C. Brad Henry                      (b. 1963)            Dem

Public Land Strip

Public Land Strip map

Capital: Beaver City

Population: 12,000 (1888)

25 Nov 1850                Public Land Strip ceded to U.S. by Texas (from 1885
                             informally called No Man's Land); not part of any
                             territory. The area remained unclassified until 1890.
c.1880                     Settlement begins.
4 Mar 1887                Territory of Cimarron proclaimed (not recognized by U.S.).
2 May 1890                Part of Oklahoma (forming the panhandle).

President of the Convention
4 Mar 1887 - 7 Nov 1887 Owen G. Chase
Governor
7 Nov 1887 - 1890? J.R. Linley

The Five Nations of the Indian Territory 1830-1906

Map of Indian Territory

28 May 1830 Settlement of "Five Civilized Nations" begun under the Indian Removal Act.

30 Jun 1834 Indian Territory.16 Mar 1861 Confederate Bureau of Indian Affairs established to manage affairs with "Five Civilized Nations."Jul/Oct 1861 - 23 Jun 1865 "Five Civilized Nations" allied to the Confederate States.1866 "Reconstruction" Treaties signed with U.S. 4 Mar 1906 End of sovereign rights of the Five Nations.

Cherokee Nation


7 Oct 1861 - 23 Jun 1865
Cherokee Braves Battle Flag

7 Oct 1861                Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
20 Feb 1863                Pro-U.S. faction revokes treaty with the Confederacy.
19 Jul 1866                "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.

Principal Chiefs, Western Cherokees
1818 - Dec 1836            John Jolly (Oolootek)    (d. 1838)
Dec 1836 - Oct 1839        John Brown
Oct 1839 - 1840            John Rogers    (b. 1778 - d. 1846)
Principal Chiefs
2 Oct 1839 - 1 Aug 1866 John Ross                          (b. 1790 - d. 1866)
                            (in Kansas exile 3 Aug 1862 - Jun 1865)
21 Aug 1862 - 1866         Stand Watie (in rebellion)         (b. 1806 - d. 1871)
                            (elected by Confederate sympathizers;
                             surrendered to U.S. 23 Jun 1865)
1 Aug 1866 - 19 Oct 1866 Lewis Downing (1st time) (acting) (b. 1823 - d. 1882)
19 Oct 1866 - 4 Nov 1867 William Potter Ross (1st time)     (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
4 Nov 1867 - 9 Nov 1872 Lewis Downing (2nd time)           (s.a.)
10 Nov 1872                Charles Thompson (1st time)    (d. 1891)
11 Nov 1872 - 1 Nov 1875 William Potter Ross (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1 Nov 1875 - 3 Nov 1879 Charles Thompson (2nd time)    (s.a.)
3 Nov 1879 - 1 Aug 1887 Dennis Wolf Bushyhead              (b. 1826 - d. 1898)
1 Aug 1887 - 14 Dec 1891 Joel Bryan Mayes                   (b. 1833 - d. 1891)
14 Dec 1891 - 23 Dec 1891 Thomas Mitchell Buffington         (b. 1855 - d. 1938)
                             (1st time) (acting)
23 Dec 1891 - 4 Nov 1895 Colonel Johnson Harris             (b. 1856 - d. 1921)
4 Nov 1895 - 6 Nov 1899 Samuel Houston Mayes               (b. 1845 - d. 1927)
6 Nov 1899 - 2 Nov 1903 Thomas Mitchell Buffington         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
2 Nov 1903 - 21 Nov 1905 William Charles Rogers (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
21 Nov 1905 - 1905/06      Frank Josiah Boudinot              (b. 1866 - d. 1945)

Eastern Cherokee Indian Agents 1801 - 28 Jan 1823 Return Jonathan Meigs (b. 1734 - d. 1823) 1823 - 1824 Joseph McMinn (b. 1758 - d. 1824) 1824 - 1832 Hugh Montgomery 1832 - 1833? William H. Cleghorn
Western Cherokee Indian Agents1809? - 1813 Samuel Treat 1813 - 1817 William Lewis Lovely (d. 1817) 1817 - 1820 Reuben Lewis (b. 1777 - d. 1844) 1820 - 1823 David Brearly
Dec 1823 - 1830            Edward W. Duval 1830 - 1835               George Vashon
Cherokee Indian Agents
1836 - 1841            Montfort Stokes (b. 1762 - d. 1842)1841 - 1846                Pierce Mason Butler                (b. 1798 - d. 1847)
1846 - 13 Jan 1848         James McKissick
Jan 1848 - Mar 1848        Gustavus Loomis (acting)
1848 - May 1849            Richard C.S. Brown
29 May 1849 - 21 Sep 1850 William Butler, Jr.                (d. 1850)
24 Sep 1850 - 8 Dec 1850 William G. Belknap (acting)
31 Oct 1850 - 4 Apr 1861 George Butler
Apr 1861 - Jun 1861        John Crawford
                             (for the Confederate States Jun 1861 - 186.)
Jun 1861 - 31 Aug 1862     Charles W. Chatterton              (d. 1862)
1862 - 1866                James Harlan (acting to 1863)
1866 - 1867                John P. Humphreys
1867                       E.C. Cleaveland
1867                       William Touples
1867 - 1868                J.J. Henderson
1868 - 1869                William B.D. Davis
1869 - 1870                John Craig
1870 - 1874                John Buttrick Jones                (b. 1824 - d. 1876)
1874 - 1914              the Muskogee Union Agents

Chickasaw Nation

[Chickasaw Nation]

17 Jan 1837 - 22 Jun 1855 Component part (District) of the Choctaw Nation.
1 Jul 1861 Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
28 Apr 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.

Minko (hereditary chief)
1838 - 1846                Ishtehotopa
Chiefs of the Chickasaw District, Chiefs of the Chickasaw People
1838 - 1839                George Colbert
1839 - 1844                ....
1844 - 1846                Isaac Alberson (Samuel Seeley)
1846 - 1848                James McLaughlin
1848 - 1850                Edmund Pickens
1850 - 1856                Daugherty Winchester Colbert     (b. 1810 - d. 1880)
Governors
1856 - 1858                Cyrus H. Harris (1st time)               (b. 1817 - d. 1888)
1858 - 1860                Daugherty Winchester Colbert (1st time) (s.a.)
1860 - 1862                Cyrus H. Harris (2nd time)               (s.a.)
1862 - 1866                Daugherty Winchester Colbert (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (in Texas exile Feb 1864 - 16 Jul 1865)
1864                       Horace Pratt (acting)
1866                       Jackson Kemp (acting)
1866 - 1870                Cyrus H. Harris (3rd time)               (s.a.)
1870 - 1871                William P. Brown
1871 - 1872                Thomas J. Parker                         (b. 1775 - d. 1890)
1872 - 1874                Cyrus H. Harris (4th time)               (s.a.)
1874 - 1878                Benjamin Franklin Overton (1st time)     (b. 1836 - d. 1884)
1878 - 1880                Benjamin Crooks Burney                   (b. 1844 - d. 1892)
1880 - 8 Feb 1884         Benjamin Franklin Overton (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1884 - 1886                Jonas Wolfe (1st time)                   (b. 1828 - d. 1900)
1886 - 1888                William Malcom Guy                       (b. 1845 - d. 1918)
1888 - 1892                William Leander Byrd                     (b. 1844 - d. 1915)
1892 - Jun 1894            Jonas Wolfe (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
Jun 1894 - Oct 1894        Tecumsah A. McClure (acting)             (b. c.1830 - d. ....)
Oct 1894 - Aug 1896        Palmer Simeon Mosely (1st time)          (b. 1851 - d. 1908)
Aug 1896 - 1898            Robert Maxwell Harris                    (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
1898 - 1902                Douglas Henry Johnston (1st time)        (b. 1858 - d. 1939)
1902 - 1904                Palmer Simeon Mosely (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1904 - 26 Apr 1906         Douglas Henry Johnston (2nd time)        (s.a.)

Chickasaw Indian AgentsApr 1818 - 1820            Henry Sherburne Jan 1820 - 1823           Robert C. NicholasDec 1823 - 1829            Benjamin F. Smith 1829 - 1830                John Allen (acting)
1830 - 1837                Benjamin Reynolds
9 Mar 1837 - 1851         A.M.M. Upshaw
1851 - 1852                Kenton Harper
1852 - 1856                Andrew J. Smith
1856 - 1874                the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian Agents
1874 - 1914                the Muskogee Union Agents

Choctaw Nation

1834 - 1838                Governed by the chiefs of the Moshulatubbee District,
                             the Oklafalaya District, and the Pushmataha District.
1838 - Oct 1857            Governed by the chiefs of the Moshulatubbee District,
                             the Apukshunnubbee District, the Pushmataha District,
                             and the Chickasaw District (s.a.)
1 Jul 1861                Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America.
28 Apr 1866                "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.

Chiefs of Moshulatubbee District
1834 - 1836                Moshulatubbee
1836 - 1838                Joseph Kincaid
1838 - 1842                John McKinley
1842 - 1846                Nathaniel Folsom, Jr.
1846 - 1850                Peter Folsom (d. 1885)
1850 - 1854                Cornelius McCurtain                (b. 1803 - d. 1871)1854 - Oct 1857            David McCoy
Chief of Oklafalaya District
1834 - 1838                Thomas LeFlore (d. c.1850)
Chiefs of Apukshunnubbee District
1838 - 1842                James Fletcher
1842 - 1850                Thomas LeFlore (s.a.)
1850 - Oct 1857            George Washington Harkins    (b. 1810 - d. 1861)
Chiefs of Pushmataha District
1834 - 1838                Nitukechi (1st time) (d. 1846)
1838 - 1841                Pierre Juzan (d. 1841)
1841 - 1846                Isaac Folsom
1846                       Nitukechi (2nd time) (s.a.)
1846 - 1850                Silas D. Fisher
1850 - 1854                George Folsom
1854 - Oct 1857            Nicholas Cochnauer
Governors
Oct 1857 - 1858            Alfred Wade                        (d. c.1868)
1857 - Oct 1859            Tandy C. Walker
Oct 1859 - 1 Oct 1860     Basil LeFau LeFlore
Principal chiefs
1 Oct 1860 - 6 Oct 1862 George Hudson                      (b. 1808 - d. 1865)
6 Oct 1862 - 3 Oct 1864 Samuel Garland                     (b. 1803 - d. 1870)
3 Oct 1864 - 1 Oct 1866 Peter Perkins Pitchlynn            (b. 1806 - d. 1881)
1 Oct 1866 - 3 Oct 1870 Allen Wright
3 Oct 1870 - 5 Oct 1874 William J. Bryant
5 Oct 1874 - 7 Oct 1878 Coleman Cole                       (b. c.1800 - d. 1886)
7 Oct 1878 - Feb 1880     Isaac Levi Garvin                  (b. 1832 - d. 1880)
Feb 1880 - 6 Oct 1884     Jackson Frazier McCurtain          (b. 1830 - d. 1885)
                             (acting to 3 Oct 1880)
6 Oct 1884 - 3 Oct 1886 Edmund McCurtain                   (b. 1842 - d. 1890)
3 Oct 1886 - 1 Oct 1888 Thompson McKinney                  (d. 1889)
1 Oct 1888 - 6 Oct 1890 Benjamin Franklin Smallwood        (b. 1829 - d. 1891)
6 Oct 1890 - 1 Oct 1894 Wilson Nathaniel Jones             (b. 1831 - d. 1901)
1 Oct 1894 - 5 Oct 1896 Jefferson Gardner                  (b. 1847 - d. 1906)
5 Oct 1896 - 1 Oct 1900 Green McCurtain (1st time)         (b. 1848 - d. 1910)
1 Oct 1900 - 6 Oct 1902 Gilbert W. Dukes                   (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
6 Oct 1902 - 26 Apr 1906 Green McCurtain (2nd time)         (s.a.)

Choctaw Indian Agents
1825 - 1831                William Ward (2nd time)
1832 - 1835                Francis W. Armstrong 1835 - 1846                William Armstrong Jun 1846 - 1850?           Samuel Rutherford 9 Sep 1850 - 1851 John Drennen 1851 - 1854                William Wilson
1854 - 1856                Douglas H. Cooper Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian Agents1856 - 1861                Douglas H. Cooper1861 - 1862                Richard P. Pulliam1862 - 1866                Isaac Coleman Dec 1866 - 1870 Martin W. Chollar 1870 - 1873                Theophilus D. Griffith1873 - 1874                Albert Parsons1874 - 1914                the Muskogee Union Agents

Muskogee Nation (Creek)


1861 - 186. Pro-Confederate States flag

1836 - Dec 1867            Divided into the Lower Towns and the Upper Towns.
1 Jul 1861                Lower Creeks sign treaty of alliance with the Confederate States.
14 Jun 1866                "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.

Principal chiefs of the Lower Towns
1836 - 1837                Heneha Micco
1837 - 1859                Roderick McIntosh "Roley McIntosh"
1859 - 1863                Motey Canard "Motey Kinnard" (b. c.1790 - d. 186.)1863 - Dec 1867            Samuel Checote                     (b. 1819 - d. 1884)
Principal chiefs of the Upper Towns
1836 - 18..                Nehathlucco Hopoie "Little Doctor"
1861 - 27 Mar 1863         Hupuihilth Yahola "Opothle Yahola" (b. c.1780 - d. 1863)                            (in opposition to Confederate sympathizers;
                             Dec 1861 - 27 Mar 1863, in Kansas exile)
18.. - 18..                Tamarthla Micco
18.. - 1859                Tuckabatchee Micco (1st time)
1859 - 1863                Echo Harjo
1863 - 1865                Tuckabatchee Micco (2nd time)
1865 - Dec 1867            Oktarharsars Harjo "Sands"
                            (already proclaimed 5 Aug 1861)
Principal chiefs
Dec 1867 - Dec 1875        Samuel Checote (1st time)          (s.a.)
Dec 1875 - 5 Dec 1876     Lochar Harjo                       (d. 1879)
5 Dec 1876 - 6 Dec 1879 Ward Coachman (b. 1823 - d. 1884)
6 Dec 1879 - 5 Dec 1883 Samuel Checote (2nd time)          (s.a.)
5 Dec 1883 - Dec 1887     Joseph Moses Perryman              (b. 1833 - d. 1896)
Dec 1887 - 25 Nov 1895     Legus C. Perryman                  (b. 1838 - d. 1922)
25 Nov 1895 - 5 Dec 1895 Hotulke Emarthla "Edward Bullet"
5 Dec 1895 - Dec 1899     Isparhecher                        (b. 1858 - d. 1902)
Dec 1899 - 26 Apr 1906     Pleasant Porter                    (b. 1840 - d. 1907)

Creek Indian Agents1790 - 1796 James Seagrove 1796 - Jun 1816 Benjamin Hawkins 1816 - 1821 David Brady Mitchell1821 - 1836 John Crowell (for Eastern Creek) 1827 - 1830 David Brearley (for Western Creek)1830 - 1834 John Campbell (for Western Creek) 1834 - 1836 Leonard Tarrant (for Western Creek) 29 Aug 1836 - 8 Mar 1837 Francis Audrain 8 Mar 1837 - 23 Feb 1838 John W.A. Sanford 23 Feb 1838 - 16 May 1842 James Logan (1st time) 16 May 1842 - 8 Jun 1844 James L. Dawson 8 Jun 1844 - 5 Apr 1849 James Logan (2nd time) 5 Apr 1849 - 1854 Philip H. Raiford 18 Apr 1853 - Jul 1861 William H. Garrett (to 1863? for the Confederate States) 1861 - Jul 1861 William Quesenbury 16 Jul 1861 - 1865 George A. CutlerMay 1863 - 1865 Israel G. Vore (for the Confederate States) 9 Jun 1865 - 1869 James W. Dunn (acting to May 1866) 15 Jul 1869 - 1871 F.A. Field 23 Jan 1871 - Apr 1873 Francis S. Lyons 9 Apr 1873 - 1874 Edward S. Roberts (acting) Muskogee Union Agents1874 John Buttrick Jones (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1876) 1874 - 1876 George W. Ingalls (b. 1838 - d. 1920)1876 J.J. Upham1876 - 1879 Sylvester W. Marston1879 - 1885 John Q. Tufts1885 - 1889 Robert Latham Owen (b. 1856 - d. 1947)1889 - 1893 Leo E. Bennet (b. 1857 - d. ....)1893 - 1899 Dew Moore Wisdom (b. 1836 - d. ....)1899 - 1905 J. Blair Shoenfelt (b. 1859 - d. 19..)1905 - 1914 Dana H. Kelsey

Seminole Nation

[Seminole Confederate flag]
29 Aug 1861 - 186. Pro-Confederate flag

1 Jul 1861                Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America
                             divided the Seminole nation.
21 Mar 1866                "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.

Principal chiefs
1839 - Jan 1841            Mikanopi                           (d. 1849)
Jan 1841 - c.1849          Miconnutcharsar "Jim Jumper" (d. c.1849)
c.1849 - 1865            John Jumper (1st time)             (b. c.1820 - d. 1896)
                            (pro-Confederate chief 1861 - 1865;
                             continues in rebellion to 1875)
1866 - Mar 1881            John Chupco                        (b. c.1821 - d. 1881)
                            (pro-U.S. chief; in Kansas exile
                             1861 - 1865)
Mar 1881 - 1882            Hulputta Che
Jul 1882 - 1885            John Jumper (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1885 - 1901                John Frippo Brown -Governor (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
                             (1st time)
1901 - 1905                Hulputta Micco                     (b. 18.. - d. 1905)
Governor
1905 - 26 Apr 1906         John Frippo Brown (2nd time) (s.a.)

Seminole Indian Agents
3 Mar 1821 - Sep 1821 Jean Penières28 Sep 1821 - May 1822 John R. Bell 8 May 1822 - 1830 Gad Humphrey Mar 1830 - 1833 John Phagan 29 Aug 1833 - 28 Dec 1835 Wiley Thompson (d. 1835)1836 - 1838? William S. Pope 1838? - 1842 .... 19 Jan 1842 - Oct 1842 John McKee 29 Oct 1842 - Jun 1845 Thomas L. Judge Jun 1845 - Apr 1853 Marcellus Duval 26 Apr 1853 - Apr 1854 Bryant H. Smithson 20 Apr 1854 - Nov 1857 Josiah W. Washbourne 5 Nov 1857 - 1861 Samuel Morton Rutherford (1861 - 186. for the Confederate States) 13 Jul 1861 William P. Davis (did not serve) 7 Jan 1862 - 1865 George C. Snow 1862 - 1865 Joseph Samuel Murrow (b. 1835 - d. 1929) (for the Confederate States) 18 Mar 1865 - Jun 1869 George A. Reynolds 23 Jun 1869 - Oct 1870 Theodor A. Baldwin 24 Oct 1870 - 1874 Henry F. Breiner1874 - 1914 the Muskogee Union Agents

Sequoyah

22 Aug 1905                Attempt by the Five Nations to form a separate
                             state of Sequoyah convenes.
14 Oct 1905                Constitution published, Fort Gibson chosen as capital.
26 Apr 1906                U.S. Congress rejects petition, area included in
                             the state of Oklahoma.

President of the Convention
22 Aug 1905 - 26 Apr 1906 Pleasant Porter, Principal (b. 1840 - d. 1907)
Chief of the Muskogee

Superintendents of the Central Superintendency
(subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge of
all agencies and reservations except those of the Five Civilized Tribes)
1822 - 1838                William Clark                   (b. 1770 - d. 1838)
1838 - 1839                George Maguire (acting)
1839 - 1841                Joshua Pilcher
1841 - 1844                David D. Mitchell (1st time)
1844 - 1849                Thomas H. Harvey
13 Mar 1851 - 1853         David D. Mitchell (2nd time)23 Apr 1853 - 1857         Alfred Cumming              (b. 1802 - d. 1873) 19 Aug 1857 - 1858    John Haverty 1 Mar 1858 - 1861         Alexander M. Robinson 8 Apr 1861 - 1864        Harrison B. Branch 2 Mar 1864 - 1865 William M. Albin 1 Jul 1865 - 1869         Thomas Murphy22 Apr 1869 - 1876         Enoch Hoag

Superintendents of the Western Superintendency
(subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge
of the Five Civilized Tribes) 1837 - Jun 1846            William Armstrong           (d. 1846)1846 - 1849                Samuel M. Rutherford1849 - 1850?               John Drennen (1st time)(acting) 1850 - Mar 1851 A.S. Loughrey Mar 1851 - 1854? John Drennen (2nd time)Superintendents of the Southern Superintendency(subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge of the
Five Civilized Tribes, from 1870 in charge of all agencies)
1854 - 1857                Charles W. Dean
1857 - 1861                Elias Rector
9 Apr 1861 - 20 Apr 1861 Samuel L. Griffith (1st time)
1861 - May 1865            William C. Coffin
20 Apr 1861 - 186. Samuel L. Griffith (2nd time)
                             (for the Confederate States)
May 1865 - 1866            Elijah Sells
1867                       Byers
1868 - 1869                L.N. Robinson
1869 - 2 Sep 1869         William B. Hazen
1869 - 1876                Enoch Hoag                   (b. 1812 - d. 1884)
1876 - 1878                William Nicholson        (b. 1826 - d. 1899)

Commanders of the Confederate Department of Indian Territory
and Commissioners (from Dec 1863 Commanders and Superintendents of Indian Affairs)
1862 - 7 Mar 1862         Benjamin J. McCullough (b. 1811 - d. 1862)
1862 - 5 Nov 1862         Albert Pike                  (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
Nov 1862 - Jan 1863        Douglas Hancock Cooper       (b. 1815 - d. 1879)
Jan 1863 - Dec 1863        William Steels
Dec 1863 - 1865            Samuel Ball Maxey          (b. 1825 - d. 1895)
1865                       Douglas Hancock Cooper     (s.a.)

Oregon

c.1900 - 26 Feb 1925

Adopted 26 Feb 1925

Adopted 26 Feb 1925 (Reverse)

Map of Oregon	Hear State Song "Oregon, My Oregon"	Text of State Song Adopted 12 Feb 1927	State Constitution (14 Feb 1859)
Capital: Salem (Champoeg 2 May 1843-1848; Oregon City 14 Aug 1848-1852; Salem 4 May 1852-1855; Corvallis 13 Jan 1855 - 18 Dec 1855)	Motto: Alis volat Propriis (She flies with her own wings)	Nickname: Beaver State	Population: 3,731,367 (2007)

Mayors of Portland	Chronology `27 Aug 1775 Claimed for Spain by Bruno de Heceta and` `Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Cuadra.` `15 Feb 1812 Oregon claimed by U.S.` `12 Dec 1813 District of Columbia claimed by Britain.` `20 Oct 1818 Joint U.S.-British administration` `(see British Columbia).` `22 Feb 1819 Spain renounces claim.` `2 May 1843` `Provisional Government in the Oregon Country` `formed (not recognized by U.S. or U.K.) 17 Jul 1846 Oregon territory south of 40 degrees latitude` `ceded to U.S, north ceded to Britain.` `14 Aug 1848 Territory (effective 3 Mar 1849).` `14 Feb 1859 State`

Provisional Government in the Oregon Country 5 Jul 1843 - 14 May 1844 First Executive Committee       - Joseph Gale     (b. 1800 - d. 1881)    - Alanson Beers (b. 1800 - d. 1853) - David Hill (b. 1809 - d. 1850) 14 May 1844 - 12 Jul 1845 Second Executive Committee    - Peter G. Stewart    (b. 1809 - d. 1900) - William J. Bailey (b. 1807 - d. 1876) - Osborne Russell    (b. 1814 - d. 1892)
Governors
14 Jul 1845 - 3 Mar 1849 George Abernethy (provisional)     (b. 1807 - d. 1877) Whg 3 Mar 1849 - 18 Jun 1850 Joseph Lane (1st time)             (b. 1801 - d. 1881) Dem
18 Jun 1850 - 18 Aug 1850 Kintzing Prichette (acting)        (b. 1800 - d. ....) Dem
18 Aug 1850 - 16 May 1853 John Pollard Gaines                (b. 1795 - d. 1857) Whg
16 May 1853 - 19 May 1853 Joseph Lane (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Dem
19 May 1853 - 2 Dec 1853 George Law Curry (1st time)        (b. 1820 - d. 1878) Dem
2 Dec 1853 - 1 Aug 1854 John Wesley Davis                  (b. 1799 - d. 1859) Dem
1 Aug 1854 - 3 Mar 1859 George Law Curry (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
                             (acting to 14 Dec 1854)
3 Mar 1859 - 10 Sep 1862 John Whiteaker                     (b. 1820 - d. 1902) Dem
10 Sep 1862 - 12 Sep 1866 Addison Crandall Gibbs             (b. 1825 - d. 1886) Rep
12 Sep 1866 - 14 Sep 1870 George Lemuel Woods                (b. 1832 - d. 1890) Rep
14 Sep 1870 - 1 Feb 1877 LaFayette Grover                   (b. 1823 - d. 1911) Dem
1 Feb 1877 - 11 Sep 1878 Stephen Fowler Chadwick            (b. 1825 - d. 1895) Dem
11 Sep 1878 - 13 Sep 1882 William Wallace Thayer             (b. 1827 - d. 1899) Dem
13 Sep 1882 - 12 Jan 1887 Zenas Ferry Moody                  (b. 1832 - d. 1917) Rep
12 Jan 1887 - 14 Jan 1895 Sylvester Pennoyer                 (b. 1831 - d. 1902) Dem
14 Jan 1895 - 9 Jan 1899 William Paine Lord                 (b. 1839 - d. 1911) Rep
9 Jan 1899 - 14 Jan 1903 Theodore Thurston Geer             (b. 1851 - d. 1924) Rep
15 Jan 1903 - 28 Feb 1909 George Earle Chamberlain           (b. 1854 - d. 1928) Dem
1 Mar 1909 - 17 Jun 1910 Frank Williamson Benson (acting)   (b. 1858 - d. 1911) Rep
17 Jun 1910 - 8 Jan 1911 Jay Bowerman (acting)              (b. 1876 - d. 1957) Rep
11 Jan 1911 - 12 Jan 1915 Oswald West                        (b. 1873 - d. 1960) Dem
12 Jan 1915 - 3 Mar 1919 James Withycombe                   (b. 1854 - d. 1919) Rep
3 Mar 1919 - 8 Jan 1923 Ben Wilson Olcott (acting)         (b. 1872 - d. 1952) Rep
8 Jan 1923 - 10 Jan 1927 Walter Marcus Pierce               (b. 1861 - d. 1954) Dem
10 Jan 1927 - 21 Dec 1929 Isaac Lee Patterson                (b. 1859 - d. 1929) Rep
22 Dec 1929 - 12 Jan 1931 Albin Walter Norblad (acting)      (b. 1881 - d. 1960) Rep
12 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 Julius L. Meier                    (b. 1874 - d. 1937) Ind
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Charles Henry Martin               (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 11 Jan 1943 Charles Arthur Sprague             (b. 1887 - d. 1969) Rep
11 Jan 1943 - 28 Oct 1947 Earl Wilcox Snell                  (b. 1895 - d. 1947) Rep
30 Oct 1947 - 10 Jan 1949 John Hubert Hall (acting)          (b. 1899 - d. 1970) Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 27 Dec 1952 James Douglas McKay                (b. 1893 - d. 1959) Rep
27 Dec 1952 - 31 Jan 1956 Paul Liuton Patterson              (b. 1900 - d. 1956) Rep
                            (acting to 10 Jan 1955)
1 Feb 1956 - 14 Jan 1957 Elmo Everett Smith (acting)        (b. 1909 - d. 1968) Rep
14 Jan 1957 - 12 Jan 1959 Robert Denison Holmes              (b. 1909 - d. 1976) Dem
12 Jan 1959 - 9 Jan 1967 Mark Odom Hatfield                 (b. 1922)            Rep
9 Jan 1967 - 13 Jan 1975 Thomas Lawson McCall               (b. 1913 - d. 1983) Rep
13 Jan 1975 - 8 Jan 1979 Robert William Straub              (b. 1920 - d. 2002) Dem
8 Jan 1979 - 12 Jan 1987 Victor George Atiyeh               (b. 1923)            Rep
12 Jan 1987 - 14 Jan 1991 Neil Edward Goldschmidt            (b. 1940)            Dem
14 Jan 1991 - 9 Jan 1995 Barbara Hughey Roberts (f)         (b. 1936)            Dem
9 Jan 1995 - 13 Jan 2003 John Albert Kitzhaber              (b. 1947)            Dem
13 Jan 2003 -              Theodore "Ted" R. Kulongoski       (b. 1940)            Dem

Pennsylvania

Adopted 13 Jun 1907

Map of Pennsylvania	Hear State Song "Pennsylvania"	Text of State Song Adopted 29 Nov 1990	State Constitution (16 Dec 1873)
Capital: Harrisburg (Tinicum Island 1643-1681; Chester 1681-1683; Philadelphia 1683-Nov 1799; Lancaster Nov 1799-1812)	Motto: Virtue, Liberty, and Independence	Nickname: Keystone State	Population: 12,473,676 (2008)

Mayors of Philadelphia	Chronology `26 Mar 1638 Parts of Delaware River valley part of` `Swedish colony (New Sweden)(see Delaware).` `25 Sep 1655 Parts of Delaware River valley part of` `New Netherland, Dutch colony (see New York).` `14 Mar 1682 English proprietary colony (Province of Pennsylvania).26 Apr 1693 - 20 Aug 1694 English crown rule.25 Jul 1776 State of` `Pennsylvania` `28 Sep 1776 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania26 Sep 1777 - 18 Jun 1778 British occupy Philadelphia.12 Dec 1787 State of the U.S.`
Mayors of Pittsburgh
Gettysburg National Military Park Map

Lords Proprietary
14 Mar 1682 - 26 Apr 1693 William Penn (1st time)            (b. 1644 - d. 1718)
20 Aug 1694 - 30 Jul 1718 William Penn (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1712 - 20 Dec 1726         Hannah C. Penn (f)     (b. 1671 - d. 1726)
                            (acting for William Penn, then for sons below)
30 Jul 1718 - Oct 1746     John Penn                          (b. 1700 - d. 1746)
30 Jul 1718 - 21 Mar 1775 Thomas Penn                        (b. 1703 - d. 1775)
30 Jul 1718 - 16 Oct 1771 Richard Penn the Elder (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
21 Mar 1775 - 1 Nov 1776 John Pennof Stoke           (b. 1760 - d. 1834) + John Penn            (b. 1729 - d. 1795)

Director of the English (or New Haven) Colony on South River 1641 - 1653 Thomas Lamberton Commanders on the Delaware
1664 - 1668                Robert Needham
1668 - 1673                John Carr
Dutch Deputy governor of the colonies on the west side of the Delaware
19 Sep 1673 - 10 Nov 1674 Peter Alrichs    (b. 1632 - d. 1697)Governors
Jun 1681 - 24 Oct 1682     William Markham (1st time)         (b. 1635 - d. 1704)
                             (deputy governor)
24 Oct 1682 - Jun 1684     William Penn (1st time)            (s.a.)
Aug 1684 - 18 Dec 1688     Thomas Lloyd (1st time)        (b. 1640 - d. 1694)
                             (president of the Council)
18 Dec 1688 - 2 Jan 1690 John Blackwell (deputy governor)
2 Jan 1690 - 26 Apr 1693 Thomas Lloyd (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (president of the Council to Mar 1691,
                             then deputy governor)
26 Apr 1693 - 20 Aug 1694 Benjamin Fletcher -Captain-general (b. 1640 - d. 1703)
27 Apr 1693 - Dec 1699     William Markham (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (deputy governor)
Dec 1699 - Nov 1701        William Penn (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Lieutenant governors
14 Nov 1701 - 20 Apr 1703 Andrew Hamilton                    (b. 16.. - d. 1703)
4 May 1703 - 3 Feb 1704 Edward Shippen                     (b. 1639 - d. 1712)
                             (president of the Council)
3 Feb 1704 - 1 Feb 1709 John Evans (b. c.1678 - d. c.1730)
1 Feb 1709 - 31 May 1717 Charles Gookin (b. c.1660 – d. c.1723)
31 May 1717 - 22 Jun 1726 Sir William Keith                  (b. 1680 - d. 1749)
22 Jun 1726 - 5 Aug 1736 Patrick Gordon (b. 1644 - d. 1736)
5 Aug 1736 - 1 Jun 1738 James Logan                        (b. 1674 - d. 1751)
                             (president of the Council)
1 Jun 1738 - 29 May 1747 George Thomas (b. 1695 - d. 1774)
6 Jun 1747 - 23 Nov 1748 Anthony Palmer (d. 1749)
                             (president of the Council)
23 Nov 1748 - 3 Oct 1754 James Hamilton (1st time)          (b. 1710? - d. 1783)
3 Oct 1754 - 20 Aug 1756 Robert Hunter Morris               (b. 1700? - d. 1764)
                             (deputy governor)
20 Aug 1756 - 17 Nov 1759 William Denny
18 Nov 1759 - 31 Oct 1763 James Hamilton (2nd time)          (s.a.)
31 Oct 1763 - 4 May 1771 John Penn (1st time)               (b. 1729 - d. 1795)
6 May 1771 - 16 Oct 1771 James Hamilton (3rd time)          (s.a.)
                             (president of the Council)
16 Oct 1771 - 30 Aug 1773 Richard Penn                       (b. 1735 - d. 1811)
30 Aug 1773 - 28 Sep 1776 John Penn (2nd time)               (s.a.)
President of the Committee of Safety
3 Jul 1775 - 4 Jul 1776 Benjamin Franklin                  (b. 1706 - d. 1790)
Chairmen of the Committee of Safety
4 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (1st time) (b. 1737 - d. 1799)
4 Jul 1776 - 8 Jul 1776 George C. Clymer (b. 1739 - d. 1813)
8 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Jul 1776                James Mease (1st time) (d. 1785)
10 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Jul 1776                Alexander Wilcocks (1st time) (b. 1741 - d. 1801)
12 Jul 1776                Samuel Howell
15 Jul 1776                James Mease (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1776                James Biddle (b. 1731 - d. 1797)
19 Jul 1776 - 22 Jul 1776 Alexander Wilcocks (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Council of Safety
24 Jul 1776 - 26 Jul 1776 David Rittenhouse (1st time) (b. 1732 - d. 1796)
27 Jul 1776                Samuel Morris (1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1812)
29 Jul 1776 - 31 Jul 1776 David Rittenhouse (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Aug 1776                Samuel Morris (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Aug 1776                Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (b. 1735 - d. 1778)
5 Aug 1776 - 6 Aug 1776 David Rittenhouse (3rd time) (s.a.)
President of the Council of Safety
6 Aug 1776 - 4 Mar 1777 Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (s.a.)
Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council
4 Mar 1777 - 23 May 1778 Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (s.a.)
23 May 1778 - 1 Dec 1778 George Bryan (acting)              (b. 1731 - d. 1791)
1 Dec 1778 - 12 Oct 1799 Joseph Reed (1st time)             (b. 1741 - d. 1785)12 Oct 1779 - 15 Oct 1779 Matthew Smith (acting)18 Oct 1779 - 9 Oct 1781 Joseph Reed (2nd time)             (s.a.)
9 Oct 1781 - 8 Oct 1782 William Moore                      (b. 1735? - d. 1793)
                             (acting to 15 Nov 1781)
8 Oct 1782 - 7 Nov 1782 James Potter (acting) (b. 1729 - d. 1789)
7 Nov 1782 - 11 Oct 1785 John Dickinson                     (b. 1732 - d. 1808)
11 Oct 1785 - 18 Oct 1785 Charles Biddle (acting) (b. 1745 - d. 1821)
18 Oct 1785 - 14 Oct 1788 Benjamin Franklin                  (s.a.)
15 Oct 1788 - 5 Nov 1788 David Redick (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1805)
5 Nov 1788 - 21 Dec 1790 Thomas Mifflin                     (b. 1744 - d. 1800)
Governors
21 Dec 1790 - 17 Dec 1799 Thomas Mifflin                     (s.a.)               Fed
17 Dec 1799 - 20 Dec 1808 Thomas McKean                      (b. 1735 - d. 1817) D-R
20 Dec 1808 - 16 Dec 1817 Simon Snyder                       (b. 1759 - d. 1819) D-R
16 Dec 1817 - 19 Dec 1820 William Findlay                    (b. 1768 - d. 1846) D-R
19 Dec 1820 - 16 Dec 1825 Joseph Hiester                     (b. 1752 - d. 1832) D-R
16 Dec 1825 - 15 Dec 1829 John A. Shulze                     (b. 1775 - d. 1852) D-R
15 Dec 1829 - 15 Dec 1835 George Wolf                        (b. 1777 - d. 1840) Dem
15 Dec 1835 - 15 Jan 1839 Joseph Ritner                      (b. 1780 - d. 1869) AMP
15 Jan 1839 - 21 Jan 1845 David R. Porter                    (b. 1788 - d. 1867) Dem
21 Jan 1845 - 9 Jul 1848 Francis R. Shunk                   (b. 1788 - d. 1848) Dem
26 Jul 1848 - 20 Jan 1852 William F. Johnston                (b. 1808 - d. 1872) Whg
20 Jan 1852 - 16 Jan 1855 William Bigler                     (b. 1814 - d. 1880) Dem
16 Jan 1855 - 19 Jan 1858 James Pollock                      (b. 1810 - d. 1890) Dem
19 Jan 1858 - 15 Jan 1861 William Fisher Packer              (b. 1807 - d. 1870) Dem
15 Jan 1861 - 15 Jan 1867 Andrew Gregg Curtin                (b. 1817 - d. 1894) Rep
15 Jan 1867 - 21 Jan 1873 John White Geary                   (b. 1819 - d. 1873) Rep
21 Jan 1873 - 21 Jan 1879 John Frederick Hartranft           (b. 1830 - d. 1889) Rep
21 Jan 1879 - 16 Jan 1883 Henry Martyn Hoyt                  (b. 1830 - d. 1892) Rep
16 Jan 1883 - 18 Jan 1887 Robert Emory Pattison              (b. 1850 - d. 1904) Dem
                             (1st time)
18 Jan 1887 - 20 Jan 1891 James Addams Beaver                (b. 1837 - d. 1914) Rep
20 Jan 1891 - 15 Jan 1895 Robert Emory Pattison              (s.a.)               Dem
                             (2nd time)
15 Jan 1895 - 17 Jan 1899 Daniel H. Hastings                 (b. 1849 - d. 1903) Rep
17 Jan 1899 - 20 Jan 1903 William A. Stone                   (b. 1846 - d. 1920) Rep
20 Jan 1903 - 15 Jan 1907 Samuel W. Pennypacker              (b. 1843 - d. 1916) Rep
15 Jan 1907 - 17 Jan 1911 Edwin S. Stuart                    (b. 1853 - d. 1937) Rep
17 Jan 1911 - 19 Jan 1915 John K. Tener                      (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Rep
19 Jan 1915 - 21 Jan 1919 Martin G. Brumbaugh                (b. 1862 - d. 1930) Rep
21 Jan 1919 - 16 Jan 1923 William C. Sproul                  (b. 1870 - d. 1928) Rep
16 Jan 1923 - 18 Jan 1927 Gifford Pinchot (1st time)         (b. 1865 - d. 1946) Rep
18 Jan 1927 - 20 Jan 1931 John S. Fisher                     (b. 1867 - d. 1940) Rep
20 Jan 1931 - 15 Jan 1935 Gifford Pinchot (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
15 Jan 1935 - 17 Jan 1939 George H. Earle                    (b. 1890 - d. 1974) Dem
17 Jan 1939 - 19 Jan 1943 Arthur H. James                    (b. 1883 - d. 1973) Rep
19 Jan 1943 - 2 Jan 1947 Edward Martin                      (b. 1879 - d. 1967) Rep
2 Jan 1947 - 21 Jan 1947 John C. Bell, Jr.                  (b. 1892 - d. 1974) Rep
21 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1951 James H. Duff                      (b. 1883 - d. 1969) Rep
16 Jan 1951 - 18 Jan 1955 John S. Fine                       (b. 1893 - d. 1978) Rep
18 Jan 1955 - 20 Jan 1959 George M. Leader                   (b. 1918)            Dem
20 Jan 1959 - 15 Jan 1963 David L. Lawrence                  (b. 1889 - d. 1966) Dem
15 Jan 1963 - 17 Jan 1967 William W. Scranton                (b. 1917)            Rep
17 Jan 1967 - 19 Jan 1971 Raymond P. Shafer                  (b. 1917 - d. 2006) Rep
19 Jan 1971 - 16 Jan 1979 Milton J. Shapp                    (b. 1912 - d. 1994) Dem
16 Jan 1979 - 20 Jan 1987 Richard Thornburgh                 (b. 1932)            Rep
20 Jan 1987 - 17 Jan 1995 Robert P. Casey                    (b. 1932 - d. 2000) Dem
17 Jan 1995 - 5 Oct 2001 Tom Ridge                          (b. 1945)            Rep
5 Oct 2001 - 21 Jan 2003 Mark S. Schweiker                  (b. 1953)            Rep
21 Jan 2003 -              Edward "Ed" Rendell                (b. 1944)            Dem

Rhode Island


30 Mar 1877 - 1 Feb 1882


1 Feb 1882 - 19 May 1897


Adopted 19 May 1897

Map of Rhode Island	Hear State Song "Rhode Island's It for Me"	Text of State Song Adopted 1996	State Constitution (2 May 1843)
Capital: Providence (Providence 1663-1776; Bristol, East Greenwich, Newport, Providence and South Kingstown 1776- Jan 1854; Newport and Providence Jan 1854-Jan 1900)	Motto: Hope	Nicknames: Ocean State, Little Rhody	Population: 1,052,9093 (2008)

Mayors of Providence	Chronology `Jun 1636 Providence settled by dissident groups` `from Massachusetts.` `Apr 1638 Portsmouth settled.` `Apr 1639 Newport settled.` `Apr 1640 Settlements of Newport and Portsmouth` `combined.` `Jan 1643 Warwick founded.` `19 May 1647 All four colonies combined as the Government` `of the Providence Plantations.` `Apr 1651 - May 1654 Redivided.` `15 Jul 1663 Colony of Rhode Island and Providence` `Plantations.` `4 May 1664 Block Island part of Rhode Island.` `12 Jan 1687 - 18 Apr 1689 Part of the Dominion of New England` `(see under Massachusetts).` `4 May 1776 State of Rhode Island and Providence` `Plantations` `29 May 1790 State of the U.S.`

Governor in Providence
Jun 1636 - 19 May 1647     Roger Williams                   (b. c.1599 - d. 1683)
Judge of Portsmouth
Apr 1638 - 19 May 1647     William Coddington               (b. 1601 - d. 1678)
Presidents
19 May 1647 - May 1648     John Coggeshall    (b. 1599 - d. 1647)
May 1648 - Mar 1649        Jeremy Clarke    (b. 1605 - d. 1651)
Mar 1649 - May 1649        Roger Williams (acting)            (s.a.)
May 1649 - May 1650        John Smith (1st time) (b. 1602 - d. 1663)
May 1650 - Aug 1651        Nicholas Easton (1st time)        (b. 1593 - d. 1675)
Governors in Newport and Portsmouth
May 1651 - May 1653        William Coddington               (s.a.)
May 1653 - May 1654        John Sanford (b. c.1600 - d. 1654)
Governors in Providence and Warwick
Oct 1651 - May 1652        Samuel Gorton    (b. 1592 - d. 1677)
May 1652 - May 1653        John Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1653 - May 1654        Gregory Dexter (b. 1610 - d. 1669)
Presidents
May 1654 - 12 Sep 1654     Nicholas Easton (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Sep 1654 - May 1657        Roger Williams                     (s.a.)
May 1657 - May 1660        Benedict Arnold (1st time) (b. 1615 - d. 1678)
May 1660 - May 1662        William Brenton (b. c.1600 - d. 1674)
May 1662 - 25 Nov 1663     Benedict Arnold (2nd time) (s.a.)
Governors
25 Nov 1663 - May 1666     Benedict Arnold (1st time) (s.a.)
May 1666 - May 1669        William Brenton (s.a.)
May 1669 - May 1672        Benedict Arnold (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1672 - May 1674        Nicholas Easton                    (s.a.)
May 1674 - May 1676        William Coddington (1st time)      (s.a.)
May 1676 - May 1677        Walter Clarke (1st time)           (b. 1640 - d. 1714)
May 1677 - 20 Jun 1678     Benedict Arnold (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Jun 1678 - 28 Aug 1678 John Cranston (1st time) (acting) (b. 1625 - d. 1680)
28 Aug 1678 - 1 Nov 1678 William Coddington (2nd time)      (s.a.)
8 Nov 1678 - 12 Mar 1680 John Cranston (2nd time)         (s.a.)
16 Mar 1680 - May 1683     Peleg Sanford    (b. 1639 - d. 1701)
May 1683 - May 1685        William Coddington, Jr. (b. 1651 - d. 1688)
May 1685 - May 1686        Henry Bull (1st time) (b. 1608 - d. 1693)
May 1686 - 20 Dec 1686 Walter Clarke (2nd time)           (s.a.)
20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros                  (b. 1637 - d. 1714)
1 May 1689 - 27 Feb 1690 John Coggeshall (acting)    (b. 1618 - d. 1708)
27 Feb 1690 - 7 May 1690 Henry Bull (2nd time)    (s.a.)
7 May 1690 - May 1695     John Easton                        (b. c.1617 - d. 1705)
May 1695 - 17 Dec 1695     Caleb Carr                         (b. 1616 - d. 1695)
Jan 1696 - May 1698        Walter Clarke (3rd time)           (s.a.)
May 1698 - 26 Apr 1727     Samuel Cranston                    (b. 1659 - d. 1727)
May 1727 - May 1732        Joseph Jenckes                     (b. 1656 - d. 1740)
May 1732 - Dec 1733        William Wanton                     (b. 1670 - d. 1733)
May 1734 - 5 Jul 1740     John Wanton    (b. 1672 - d. 1740)
15 Jul 1740 - May 1743     Richard Ward                       (b. 1689 - d. 1763)
May 1743 - May 1745        William Greene (1st time)          (b. 1695 - d. 1758)
May 1745 - May 1746        Gideon Wanton (1st time)           (b. 1693 - d. 1767)
May 1746 - May 1747        William Greene (2nd time)          (s.a.)
May 1747 - May 1748        Gideon Wanton (2nd time)           (s.a.)
May 1748 - May 1755        William Greene (3rd time)          (s.a.)
May 1755 - May 1757        Stephen Hopkins (1st time)         (b. 1707 - d. 1785)
May 1757 - 22 Feb 1758     William Greene (4th time)          (s.a.)
14 Mar 1758 - May 1762     Stephen Hopkins (2nd time)         (s.a.)
May 1762 - May 1763        Samuel Ward (1st time)             (b. 1725 - d. 1776)
May 1763 - May 1765    Stephen Hopkins (3rd time)         (s.a.)
May 1765 - May 1767        Samuel Ward (2nd time)             (s.a.)
May 1767 - May 1768        Stephen Hopkins (4th time)         (s.a.)
May 1768 - May 1769        Josias Lyndon                      (b. 1704 - d. 1778)
May 1769 - 7 Nov 1775     Joseph Wanton                      (b. 1705 - d. 1780)
7 Nov 1775 - 4 May 1778 Nicholas Cooke                     (b. 1717 - d. 1782)
4 May 1778 - 3 May 1786 William Greene, Jr.                (b. 1731 - d. 1809) Non-party
3 May 1786 - 5 May 1790 John Collins                       (b. 1717 - d. 1795) Non-party
5 May 1790 - 15 Oct 1805 Arthur Fenner                      (b. 1745 - d. 1805) CtyP15 Oct 1805 - 7 May 1806 Henry Smith (acting)               (b. 1766 - d. 1818) CtyP 7 May 1806 - 6 May 1807 Isaac Wilbour (acting)             (b. 1763 - d. 1837) CtyP
6 May 1807 - 1 May 1811 James Fenner (1st time)            (b. 1771 - d. 1846) D-R
1 May 1811 - 7 May 1817 William Jones                      (b. 1753 - d. 1822) Fed
7 May 1817 - 9 Jan 1821 Nehemiah R. Knight                 (b. 1780 - d. 1854) D-R
9 Jan 1821 - 2 May 1821 Edward Cox (b. 1780 - d. 1860)
2 May 1821 - 5 May 1824 William C. Gibbs                   (b. 1789 - d. 1871) D-R
5 May 1824 - 4 May 1831 James Fenner (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
4 May 1831 - 1 May 1833 Lemuel H. Arnold                   (b. 1792 - d. 1852) Whg
1 May 1833 - 2 May 1838 John B. Francis                    (b. 1791 - d. 1864) Whg
2 May 1838 - 1 May 1839 William Sprague                    (b. 1799 - d. 1856) Whg
2 May 1839 - 2 May 1843 Samuel Ward King                   (b. 1786 - d. 1851) RIP/Whg
   (acting to May 1840) 19 May 1842 - 23 Jan 1843 Thomas W. Dorr (in rebellion)    (b. 1805 - d. 1854) Peop 2 May 1843 - 6 May 1845 James Fenner (3rd time)            (s.a.)               LoP/Whg
6 May 1845 - 6 May 1846 Charles Jackson                    (b. 1797 - d. 1876) AP/Whg
6 May 1846 - 4 May 1847 Byron Diman                        (b. 1795 - d. 1865) LoP/Whg
4 May 1847 - 1 May 1849 Elisha Harris                      (b. 1791 - d. 1861) Whg
1 May 1849 - 6 May 1851 Henry B. Anthony                   (b. 1815 - d. 1884) Whg
6 May 1851 - 20 Jul 1853 Philip Allen                       (b. 1785 - d. 1865) Dem/DFS
20 Jul 1853 - 2 May 1854 Francis M. Dimond (acting)         (b. 1796 - d. 1859) Dem
2 May 1854 - 26 May 1857 William W. Hoppin                  (b. 1807 - d. 1890) AP/Whg
26 May 1857 - 31 May 1859 Elisha Dyer                        (b. 1811 - d. 1890) Rep
31 May 1859 - 1 May 1860 Thomas G. Turner                   (b. 1810 - d. 1875) Rep
1 May 1860 - 3 Mar 1863 William Sprague                    (b. 1831 - d. 1915) Rep
3 Mar 1863 - 26 May 1863 William C. Cozzens                 (b. 1811 - d. 1876) Dem
26 May 1863 - 29 May 1866 James Y. Smith                     (b. 1809 - d. 1876) Rep
29 May 1866 - 25 May 1869 Ambrose E. Burnside                (b. 1824 - d. 1881) Rep
25 May 1869 - 27 May 1873 Seth Padelford                     (b. 1807 - d. 1878) Rep
27 May 1873 - 25 May 1875 Henry Howard                       (b. 1826 - d. 1905) Rep
25 May 1875 - 29 May 1877 Henry Lippitt                      (b. 1818 - d. 1891) Rep
29 May 1877 - 25 May 1880 Charles C. Van Zandt               (b. 1830 - d. 1894) Rep
25 May 1880 - 29 May 1883 Alfred H. Littlefield              (b. 1829 - d. 1893) Rep
29 May 1883 - 26 May 1885 Augustus O. Bourn                  (b. 1834 - d. 1925) Rep
26 May 1885 - 31 May 1887 George P. Wetmore                  (b. 1846 - d. 1921) Rep
31 May 1887 - 29 May 1888 John W. Davis (1st time)           (b. 1826 - d. 1907) Dem
29 May 1888 - 28 May 1889 Royal C. Taft                      (b. 1823 - d. 1912) Rep
28 May 1889 - 27 May 1890 Herbert W. Ladd (1st time)         (b. 1843 - d. 1913) Rep
27 May 1890 - 26 May 1891 John W. Davis (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
26 May 1891 - 31 May 1892 Herbert W. Ladd (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
31 May 1892 - 29 May 1895 D. Russell Brown                   (b. 1848 - d. 1919) Rep
29 May 1895 - 25 May 1897 Charles W. Lippitt                 (b. 1846 - d. 1924) Rep
25 May 1897 - 29 May 1900 Elisha Dyer, Jr.                   (b. 1839 - d. 1906) Rep
29 May 1900 - 16 Dec 1901 William Gregory                    (b. 1849 - d. 1901) Rep
16 Dec 1901 - 3 Jan 1903 Charles D. Kimball                 (b. 1859 - d. 1930) Rep
3 Jan 1903 - 3 Jan 1905 Lucius F.C. Garvin                 (b. 1841 - d. 1922) Dem
3 Jan 1905 - 1 Jan 1907 George H. Utter                    (b. 1854 - d. 1912) Rep
1 Jan 1907 - 5 Jan 1909 James H. Higgins                   (b. 1876 - d. 1927) Dem
5 Jan 1909 - 5 Jan 1915 Aram J. Pothier (1st time)         (b. 1854 - d. 1928) Rep
5 Jan 1915 - 4 Jan 1921 R. Livingston Beeckman             (b. 1866 - d. 1935) Rep
4 Jan 1921 - 2 Jan 1923 Emery J. San Souci                 (b. 1857 - d. 1936) Rep
2 Jan 1923 - 6 Jan 1925 William S. Flynn                   (b. 1885 - d. 1966) Dem
6 Jan 1925 - 3 Feb 1928 Aram J. Pothier (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
4 Feb 1928 - 3 Jan 1933 Norman S. Case                     (b. 1888 - d. 1967) Rep
3 Jan 1933 - 5 Jan 1937 Theodore F. Green                  (b. 1867 - d. 1966) Dem
5 Jan 1937 - 3 Jan 1939 Robert E. Quinn                    (b. 1894 - d. 1975) Dem
3 Jan 1939 - 7 Jan 1941 William H. Vanderbilt              (b. 1901 - d. 1981) Rep
7 Jan 1941 - 6 Oct 1945 J. Howard McGrath                  (b. 1903 - d. 1966) Dem
6 Oct 1945 - 19 Dec 1950 John O. Pastore                    (b. 1907 - d. 2000) Dem
19 Dec 1950 - 2 Jan 1951 John S. McKiernan                  (b. 1911 - d. 1997) Dem
2 Jan 1951 - 6 Jan 1959 Dennis J. Roberts                  (b. 1903 - d. 1994) Dem
6 Jan 1959 - 3 Jan 1961 Christopher Del Sesto              (b. 1907 - d. 1973) Rep
3 Jan 1961 - 1 Jan 1963 John A. Notte, Jr.                 (b. 1909 - d. 1983) Dem
1 Jan 1963 - 7 Jan 1969 John H. Chafee                     (b. 1922 - d. 1999) Rep
7 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1973 Frank Licht                        (b. 1916 - d. 1987) Dem
2 Jan 1973 - 4 Jan 1977 Philip W. Noel                     (b. 1931)            Dem
4 Jan 1977 - 1 Jan 1985 J. Joseph Garrahy                  (b. 1930)            Dem
1 Jan 1985 - 1 Jan 1991 Edward D. DiPrete                  (b. 1934)            Rep
1 Jan 1991 - 3 Jan 1995 Bruce G. Sundlun                   (b. 1920)            Dem
3 Jan 1995 - 7 Jan 2003 Lincoln C. Almond                  (b. 1936)            Rep
7 Jan 2003 -              Donald "Don" Carcieri              (b. 1942)            Rep