Algeria
Map
of Algeria
|
Hear
National Anthem
"Kassaman" (We Pledge)
|
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 3 Jul 1962
|
Constitution
(10
Sep 1963; 28
Feb 1989;
8
Dec 1996; 6
Mar 2016;
1 Jan 2021)
|
Capital:
Algiers (Al-Jaza'ir)
(Alger 1830-1962)
|
Currency:
Algerian Dinar
(DZD); Algerian Franc
(DZF) 1851-1964
|
National
Holiday: 1 Nov (1954)
Anniversary of
Revolution Day
|
Population: 41,657,488
(2018) |
GDP: $630
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$34.37 billion (2017)
Imports: $48.54
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
Algerian Arab 59.1%, Amazigh (Berber)
23.2%,
Arabized Berber 3%,
Bedouin Arab 14.5%,
European less than 0.2%
(2000)
note: although almost all Algerians
are Berber in origin (not Arab),
only a minority identify
themselves as Berber; these people
live
mostly in the mountainous region of
Kabylie east of Algiers.
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 130,000 (2018)
Merchant marine:
110 ships (2017)
|
Religions:
Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni)
99%, other
(includes Christian and Jewish)
1% (2012)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties:
ABEDA, AfCFTA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB
(nonregional), AL, AMF, AMU, AOAD, APM,
Arabsat, AU, BIS, BTWC, CAEU, CD, CTBT, CWC,
EBRD, ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-15, G-24,
G-77, GAFTA, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt
(signatory), ICRM, ICSID,
IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,
IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
IRENA (signatory), ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA,
NAM, NATO (Mediterranean dialogue), NDB
(applicant), NPT, NTBT (signatory),
OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC,
OSCE (partner), OST, PAM, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO (observer)
|
Algeria
Index
|
Chronology
944
Algiers (Al-Jaza'ir) founded.
1236 - 1556
Zayyanid, or Banu Zayan, Berber kingdom
with
capital at Tlemcen.
1510 - 29 May
1529
Spanish occupation of Peñón de Algiers.
1536 - 5 Jul 1830
Province of the Ottoman
Empire (Eyalet-i
Cezayir-i
Garb).
1543 - 1550
Spanish occupation of Tlemcen.
1554
Kingdom of Tlemcen
(Zayyanid) an Ottoman
protectorate.
1556
Western Algeria becomes
a beylik of the Regency
of Algiers.
1671
Ruled
by semi-autonomous Deys (Regency of
Algiers).
1711
Deys recognized as governors by the
Ottomans.
5 Jul
1830
Algiers taken by France (Mers el
Kebir 13 Dec 1830;
Oran on 4 Jan 1831; Bone 27 Mar
1832; Bougie 29
Sep 1833; Arzew 10 Jul 1833;
Mostaganem 28 Jul
1833; Tlemcen 8 Jan 1836;
Constantine 13 Oct 1837;
Djidjelli 23 May 1839; Miliana 8 Jun
1840; Biskra
17
May 1844; Zaateha 26 Nov 1849;
Laghouat 4 Dec
1852; Tuggurt 2 Dec 1854; Ouargla
1872; Mzab 21
Dec 1882; Tamanrasset 1899; Igali 5
Apr 1900;
Tuat 1901;
and Tindouf 1934).
22 Nov 1832 - 23 Dec
1847 Emirate of Mascara
established in revolt by
Abdelkedir.
22 Jul
1834
French Possessions in the North
of Africa
(Possessions
Françaises dans le
Nord de l'Afrique)
1839
French Algerian Possessions (Possessions
Algériennes Françaises).
15 Apr
1845
Named Algeria (Algérie).
1847
Ottoman Sultan de facto gives up
his rights on
Algeria by
means of not adding Cezayir-i
Garb to
the list of
the Provinces of the empire in
the
Salnâme, indirectly
acknowledging French rule in
Algeria
9 Dec
1848
Algiers, Constantine, and Oran
made départements
of France.
26 Aug
1881
Algeria, Oran, and Constantine
(and from 7 Aug
1955 Bone) départements each
administering
two [later six] territories in
the South.
24 Dec
1902
Algeria is divided into two
parts, Algeria proper
and the Southern territories
with separate
administrations under the
governor-general of
Algeria. The
six Southern territories were
consolidated
into one unit, the Territoires
du
Sud
(Southern Territories);
14 Aug 1905 these are
organized
into four territories: Aïn
Sefra,
Ghardaia, Oasis,
and Touggourt.
16 Jun 1940 - 8 Nov
1942 Administration
loyal to "Vichy" France (from 8
Nov
1942 [under François
Darlan and Henri Giraud
to 3 Jun
1943], "Free" French).
8 Nov 1942 - 12 Nov
1942 Allied landings in
Algeria (Algiers 8 Nov 1942,
Oran 9 Nov 1942,
Bougie [Béjaïa] 11 Nov 1942,
Bone [Annaba] 12 Nov 1942, the
last Vichy forces
surrender on 14 Nov
1942).
20 Sep
1947
France publishes an Organic
Statute for Algeria
(statut organique
de l'Algérie), calling for
the
creation of an
Algerian Assembly (passed 29 Aug
1947).
1 Nov 1954 - 18 Mar
1962 Algerian War of
independence.
19 Sep
1958
Provisional Government of the
Algerian Republic
(PARG) is
established in exile
(receiving some
international recognition).
18 Mar 1962
Évian Accords on
Algerian self-determination
signed
by France
and the FLN (approved by
referendums in
France on 8
Apr 1962 by 91%, and in Algeria
on
1 Jul 1962 by 99.7%).
3 Jul
1962
Recognition of
independence of Algeria
by France.
3 Jul
1962
Algerian
State
25 Sep
1962
People's Democratic Republic of
Algeria
10 Sep 1963
Arabic receives
the status of national and
official
language upon promulgation of
the constitution.
|
French
Sahara
(1957-1962) |
Bone (Bona)
(1535-1710) |
Bougie
(1510-1555) |
Oney (Honaine)
(1531-1534) |
Oran
(1509-1792) |
Peñón de
Algiers
(1510-1529,
1534-1541) |
Constanine
(Qusantina)
(1567-1848) |
Kel Ahaggar
(c.1750-1977) |
Tuggurt
(1414-1700) |
|
Rulers (Sheyh) of Algiers
15.. - 1516
Selim al-Toumi al-Tha'alibi
(d. 1516)
1516 - 1517
Baba Aruj (Oruç
Reis)
(b. c.1474 - d. 1518)
Ottoman Governor of Algiers
1517 - May
1518
Baba Aruj (Oruç
Reis)
(s.a.)
Beylerbeys of Algiers
1518 - 1520
Khair ad-Din (Hayreddin Barbarossa)(b. c.1474 -
d. 1546)
(1st time)
1520 - 1525
Ahmed Belkadi -Kabyle
leader
1525 - 4 Jul
1545
Khair ad-Din (Hayreddin Barbarossa)(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1535 -
1543
Hasan
Aga
(b. c.1487 - d. 1545)
(acting for Barbarosa)
1543 -
1544
Haji
Beshir Pasha
(acting for Barbarosa)
1544 - 1545
Hasan Pasha
(b. c.1517 - d. 1572)
(acting for Barbarosa)
1545 - Sep
1551
Hasan Pasha (1st
time)
(s.a.)
Sep 1551 - May
1552 Khalifa
Saffah (acting)
May 1552 -
1556
Salah Raïs (Salih
Reis)
(b. c.1488 - d. c.1568)
1556 - Jun 1556
Hasan Corso
(acting)
(b. c.1518 - d. 1556)
(Pietro Paolo Tavera)
1556 - 1557
Muhammad Kurdogli
(d. 1557)
Jun 1557 -
1557
Yahyia (acting)
1557
Yusuf I (acting)
1557 -
1561
Hasan Pasha (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1561 - Sep
1562
Hasan Khüsro Aga (acting)
Sep 1562 -
1562
Ahmad Pasha Qabia (acting)
1562 - 1566
Hasan Pasha (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1566 - Mar
1568
Muhammad I Pasha
27 Jun 1568 - 28 Oct 1571 Ölj Ali Pasha
(Uluj Ali) (b.
1519 - d. 1587)
(Giovanni Dionigi Galeni)
1568 -
1570
Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)
(acting for Ölj Ali Pasha)
28 Oct 1571 - 1573
Arab Ahmed
(acting)
(d. 1578)
1573 - May
1577
Qa'id Ramadan
Pashas
May 1577 -
1580
Hasan III Pasha "Veneziano"
(d. af.1588)
(1st time)
1580 -
1582
Jafer Pasha
1582
Qa`id Ramadan
1582 - 1584
Hasan III Pasha "Veneziano"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1584 -
1586
Mami Muhammad Pasha
1586
Deli Ahmed Pasha
1586 -
1588
Hasan III Pasha "Veneziano"
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1588 - 1591
Kader (or Haydar)
Pasha
(d. 1605)
(1st time)
1591 - 1593
Haji Shaban Pasha
1593 -
1594
Mustafa II Pasha (1st time)
1594 -
1596
Kader Pasha (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1596 - 1599
Mustafa II Pasha (2nd time)
1599 - 1601
Daly Hassan Pasha
1601 -
1603
Süleyman Pasha
1603 -
1605
Kader Pasha (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1605 -
1607
Köse Mustafa III Pasha (1st time)
1607 -
1610
Rizvan Pasha
1610 -
1613
Köse Mustafa III Pasha (2nd time)
1613 -
1616
Shaykh Huseyin Pasha (1st time)
1616
Köse Mustafa III Pasha (3rd time)
1616 - Jan 1617
Süleyman Katanya
Jan 1617 -
1619
Shaykh Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time)
1619 -
1621
Sherif Koça (Koja)
1621
Khizr Pasha (4th time)
1621
Mustafa IV Pasha
1622
Khüsrev Pasha
1622 - 1623
Vacant
1623 -
1626
Murad Pasha
1626 - 1627
Vacant
1627 -
1629
Hüseyin Pasha (1st time)
1629 -
1629/30
Yunus
1629/30 -
1634
Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time)
1634 -
1636
Yusuf II Pasha
1636 -
1638
Abu'l-Hasan Ali Pasha
1638 - Aug
1640
Shaykh Hüseyin Pasha
Aug 1640 -
1642
Abu Djamal Youssef Pasha
1642 -
1645
Mehmed Brusali Pasha
1645
Ali Biçnin (Bijnin) Pasha
1645 -
1647
Mahmud Brusali Pasha
1647 -
1650
Yusuf III Pasha
1650 -
1653
Mehmed Pasha
1653 -
1655
Ahmad II Pasha (1st time)
1655 -
1656
Ibrahim Pasha (1st time)
1656 - 1657
Ahmad II Pasha (2nd time)
1657 - 1658
Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time)
1658 -
1659
Ahmad II Pasha (3rd time)
1659 - 1685
Ismail Pasha
1685 -
1689
Haji Hüseyin I Pasha "Mezzomorto" (d. 1701)
1689 -
1694
....
1694
Mustapha V Pasha
1694 -
1695
'Umar Pasha (1st time)
1695 -
1698
Musa Pasha
1698 -
1700
'Umar Pasha (2nd time)
1700 - 1710
....
Aghas
1659 -
1660
Khalil
Aga
(d. 1659)
1660 -
1661
Ramadan
Aga
(d. 1661)
1661 -
1665
Shaban
Aga
(d. 1665)
1665 -
1671
Ali
Aga
(d. 1671)
Deys (also styled Sultans of Algiers)
1671 - 1677
Muhammad I Trik
1677 - 22 Jul 1683
Hassan I
Baba
(d. 1683)
22 Jul 1683 - 1685
Hüseyin I
Pasha "Mezzomorto"
(s.a.)
1686 - Dec
1688
Ibrahim I
Dec 1688 - Jul
1695 Haji
Shaban "Chabane"
(d. 1695)
Jul 1695 - Dec
1698 Haji
Ahmed
I
(d. 1698)
Dec 1698 - 1700
Hassan II Chavush
1700 - Oct
1705
Haji Mustafa I
(d. 1705)
Oct 1705 - Apr
1706 Hüseyin
II Khoja
Apr 1706 - Mar
1710 Muhammad
II Bektash
(d. 1710)
Mar 1710 - 17 Jun 1710
Deli Ibrahim II
(d. 1710)
17 Jun 1710 - 4 Apr 1718 Ali II
Shavush "Baba Ali Chaouch" (d. 1718)
4 Apr 1718 - 18 May 1724 Muhammad
III
(b. 1682 - d. 1724)
18 May 1724 -
1731
'Abdi "Curd Abdi"
(b. c.1665 - d. 1731)
1731 - Nov
1745
Ibrahim III Baba
(d. 1745)
Nov 1745 - Feb
1748 Ibrahim
IV "Kücük"
Feb 1748 - 11 Dec 1754
Muhammad IV "el
Retorto"
(b. c.1684 - d. 1754)
11 Dec 1754 - Feb 1766
Ali III "Bou Seba"
(d. 1766)
Feb 1766 - 12 Jul 1791
Muhammad V ben Osman
(b. 1710 - d. 1791)
12 Jul 1791 - Jun 1798
Sidi Hassan
III
(d. 1798)
Jun 1798 - 1 Jul
1805 Mustafa II
1 Jul 1805 - 15 Nov 1808 Ahmed II
15 Nov 1808 - Feb 1809
Ali IV ar-Rasul
Feb 1809 - Mar
1815 Haji Ali
V ben Khrelil
(d. 1815)
Mar 1815 - 11 Apr 1815
Haji Muhammad VI "Kharnadji" (d.
1815)
11 Apr 1815 - 2 May 1817 Omar Agha
(b. 1773 - d. 1817)
2 May 1817 - 1 Mar 1818 Ali
VI "Khoja", "Meguer"
(b. c.1674 - d. 1818)
1 Mar 1818 - 5 Jul 1830
Hüseyin
III
(b. 1767 - d. 1838)
(French
prisoner to 15 Jul 1830)
Military Commanders
5 Jul 1830 - 3 Sep 1830
Louis, comte de Chaisne
de (b.
1773 - d. 1846)
Bourmont
3 Sep 1830 - 21 Mar 1831 Bertrand,
comte
Clauzel
(b. 1772 - d. 1842)
21 Mar 1831 - 6 Dec 1831 Pierre,
baron
Berthezène
(b. 1775 - d. 1847)
6 Dec 1831 - 29 Apr 1833 René
Savary, duc de
Rovigo
(b. 1774 - d. 1833)
22 Nov 1832 - Dec 1843
Abd-el-Kader -Emir of
Mascara (b. 1808 -
d. 1883)
(Amir al-Mu´minin [also styled Sultan],
in rebellion [to 23 Dec 1847 in exile in Morocco])
29 Apr 1833 - 27 Jul 1834 Théophile,
baron
Voirol
(b. 1781 - d. 1853)
Governors-general
27 Jul 1834 - 8 Jul 1835
Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte
(b. 1765 - d. 1844)
d'Erlon
8 Jul 1835 - 12 Feb 1837 Bertrand,
comte
Clauzel
(s.a.)
12 Feb 1837 - 13 Oct 1837 Charles-Marie
Denys, comte (b. 1793 - d.
1837)
de Damrémont
11 Nov 1837 - Dec 1840
Sylvain Charles, comte
Valée (b. 1773 - d.
1846)
22 Feb 1841 - 27 Sep 1847 Thomas Robert
Bugeaud, marquis (b. 1784 - d. 1849)
de la Piconnerie, (from 1844)
duc d'Isly
1 Sep 1845 - 6 Jul 1847 Louis
Juchault de Lamoricière
(b. 1806 - d. 1865)
(acting for Bugeaud)
6 Jul 1847 - 27 Sep 1847
Marie-Alphonse
Bedeau
(b. 1804 - d. 1863)
(acting for Bugeaud)
27 Sep 1847 - 24 Feb 1848 Henri Eugène
Philippe Louis
(b. 1822 - d. 1897)
d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale
24 Feb 1848 - 29 Apr 1848 Louis Eugène
Cavaignac
(b. 1802 - d. 1857)
29 Apr 1848 - 9 Sep 1848 Nicolas
Anne Théodule Changarnier (b. 1793 - d. 1877)
9 Sep 1848 - 22 Oct 1850 Viala,
baron
Charon
(b. 1794 - d. 1880)
22 Oct 1850 - 10 May 1851 Alphonse Henri,
comte d'Hautpoul (b. 1789 - d. 1865)
10 May 1851 - 11 Dec 1851 Aimable Jean
Jacques Pélissier (b. 1794 - d.
1864)
(1st time)
11 Dec 1851 - 31 Aug 1858 Jacques Louis
César Alexandre, (b. 1795 - d.
1871)
comte de Randon
Military commanders
31 Aug 1858 - 24 Apr 1859 Patrice Maurice de
Mac-Mahon (b. 1808 -
d. 1893)
24 Apr 1859 - 17 Aug 1859 Philippe Antoine
Gues-Viller (b. 1791
- d. 1865)
17 Aug 1859 - 24 Nov 1860 Édmond Charles de
Martimprey (b. 1808
- d. 1883)
Governors-general
24 Nov 1860 - 22 May 1864 Aimable Jean
Jacques Pélissier, (s.a.)
duc de Malakoff (2nd time)
22 May 1864 - 1 Sep 1864 Edmond
Charles de Martimprey
(s.a.)
(acting)
1 Sep 1864 - 27 Jul 1870 Patrice Maurice de
Mac-Mahon (b. 1808 -
d. 1893)
27 Jul 1870 - 23 Oct 1870 Louis, baron
Durrieu (acting) (b. 1812
- d. 1877)
23 Oct 1870 - 16 Nov 1870 Jean Louis
Marie Walsin-Esterhazy (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
(acting)
Extraordinary Commissioners (also
prefects of Oran)
16 Nov 1870 - 8 Feb 1871 Charles du
Bouzet
(b. 1817 - d. 1883)
c.Nov 1870 - Mar
1871 Benoît
François Romuald Vuillermoz (b. 1820 - d. 1877)
(Head of the Committee of Defense
and mayor
of Algiers; in opposition)
8 Feb 1871 - 29 Mar 1871 Alexis
Lambert
(b. 1829 - d. 1877)
Governors-general
29 Mar 1871 - 10 Jun 1873 Louis Henri,
comte de Gueydon (b. 1809
- d. 1886)
10 Jun 1873 - 15 Mar 1879 Antoine Eugène
Alfred Chanzy (b.
1823 - d. 1883)
15 Mar 1879 - 26 Nov 1881 Albert Grévy
(acting)
(b. 1834 - d. 1899)
26 Nov 1881 - 18 Apr 1891 Louis
Tirman
(b. 1837 - d. 1899)
18 Apr 1891 - 1 Oct 1897 Jules
Cambon
(b. 1845 - d. 1935)
1 Oct 1897 - 26 Jul 1898 Louis
Lépine
(b. 1846 - d. 1933)
26 Jul 1898 - 3 Oct 1900 Édouard
Laferrières
(b. 1813 - d. 1901)
3 Oct 1900 - 18 Jun 1901 Charles
Célestin Jonnart (1st time)(b. 1857 - d. 1927)
(acting)
18 Jun 1901 - 11 Apr 1903 Paul
Révoil
(b. 1856 - d. 1914)
11 Apr 1903 - 5 May 1903 Maurice
Varnier
(acting)
(b. 1851 - d. 1919)
5 May 1903 - 22 May 1911 Charles
Célestin Jonnart (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
22 May 1911 - 29 Jan 1918 Charles
Lutaud
(b. 1855 - d. 1921)
29 Jan 1918 - 29 Aug 1919 Charles
Célestin Jonnart (3rd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
29 Aug 1919 - 28 Jul 1921 Jean Baptiste
Eugène
Abel
(b. 1863 - d. 1921)
28 Jul 1921 - 17 Apr 1925 Théodore
Steeg
(b. 1868 - d. 1950)
17 Apr 1925 - 12 May 1925 Henri Dubief
(acting)
(b. 1856 - d. 1934)
12 May 1925 - 20 Nov 1927 Maurice
Viollette
(b. 1870 - d. 1960)
20 Nov 1927 - 3 Oct 1930 Pierre
Louis
Bordes
(b. 1870 - d. 1943)
3 Oct 1930 - 21 Sep 1935 Jules
Gaston Henri
Carde
(b. 1874 - d. 1949)
21 Sep 1935 - 20 Jul 1940 Georges Le
Beau
(b. 1879 - d. 1962)
20 Jul 1940 - 16 Jul 1941 Jean Charles
Abrial
(b. 1879 - d. 1962)
16 Jul 1941 - 20 Nov 1941 Maxime
Weygand
(b. 1867 - d. 1965)
20 Nov 1941 - 20 Jan 1943 Yves Charles
Chatel
(b. 1865 - d. 1944)
14 Nov 1942 - 24 Dec 1942 Jean Louis
Xavier François Darlan (b. 1881 – d. 1942)
(High Commissioner of France for North and West
Africa)
24 Dec 1942 - 3 Jun 1943 Henri Honoré
Giraud
(b. 1879 - d. 1949)
(acting High Commissioner of France for
North Africa)
20 Jan 1943 - 3 Jun 1943 Marcel
Peyrouton
(b. 1887 - d. 1983)
3 Jun 1943 - 8 Sep 1944
Georges
Catroux
(b. 1877 - d. 1969)
(minister of North African Affairs 10 Sep - 16
Nov 1944)
8 Sep 1944 - 11 Feb 1948 Yves
Chataigneau
(b. 1891 - d. 1961)
11 Feb 1948 - 9 Mar 1951 Marcel
Edmond
Naegelen
(b. 1892 - d. 1978)
12 Apr 1951 - 26 Jan 1955 Roger
Léonard
(b. 1898 - d. 1987)
26 Jan 1955 - 1 Feb 1956 Jacques
Émile
Soustelle
(b. 1912 - d. 1990)
Resident ministers
1 Feb 1956 - 9 Feb 1956
Georges
Catroux
(s.a.)
9 Feb 1956 - 13 May 1958 Robert
Lacoste
(b. 1898 - d. 1989)
13 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 André
Mutter
(b. 1901 - d. 1973)
13 May 1958 - 23 May 1958 Jacques
Massu
(b. 1908 - d. 2002)
(president of the Committee of Public
Safety, in rebellion)
23 May 1958 - 7 Jun 1958 Jacques
Massu
(s.a.)
+ Sid
Cara
(b. 1902 - d. 1999)
(presidents of the Central Committee
of Public Safety, in rebellion)
Delegates-general
7 Jun 1958 - 12 Dec 1958 Raoul
Albin Louis
Salan
(b. 1899 - d. 1984)
12 Dec 1958 - 23 Nov 1960 Paul Albert
Louis Delouvrier (b.
1914 - d. 1995)
23 Nov 1960 - 19 Mar 1962 Jean
Morin
(b. 1916 - d. 2008)
21 Apr 1961 - 25 Apr 1961 Directorate
(in rebellion)
- Maurice
Challe
(b. 1905 - d. 1979)
- André
Zeller
(b. 1898 - d. 1979)
- Edmond Jules René
Jouhaud (b.
1905 - d. 1995)
- Raoul Albin Louis Salan
(s.a.)
High Commissioner
19 Mar 1962 - 3 Jul 1962 Christian
Fouchet
(b. 1911 - d. 1974)
President of the Algerian Provisional Executive (in
Rocher-Noir [Boumerdès])
7 Apr 1962 - 3 Jul 1962
Abderrahmane
Farès
(b. 1911 - d. 1991) FLN
President of the Provisional
Executive of the Algerian State
3 Jul 1962 - 25 Sep 1962
Abderrahmane
Farès
(s.a.)
FLN
President of the Constituent National Assembly
25 Sep 1962 - 27 Sep 1962 Ferhat Said
Ahmed
Abbas
(b. 1899 - d. 1985) FLN
President of the Government
27 Sep 1962 - 17 Sep
1963 Mohamed Ahmed Ben
Bella
(b. 1918 - d. 2012) FLN
President
17 Sep 1963 - 19 Jun 1965 Mohamed
Ahmed Ben
Bella
(s.a.)
FLN
President of the Council of Revolution
19 Jun 1965 - 12 Dec 1976 Houari
Boumedienne
(b. 1932 - d. 1978) FLN
President
12 Dec 1976 - 27 Dec 1978 Houari Boumedienne
(s.a.)
FLN
State President
27 Dec 1978 - 9 Feb 1979 Rabah Bitat
(b. 1925 - d.
2000) FLN
Presidents
9 Feb 1979 - 11 Jan 1992 Chadli Bendjedid
(b. 1929 - d. 2012) FLN
11 Jan 1992 - 14 Jan 1992 Abdelmalek
Benhabyles (acting) (b. 1921 - d.
2018) FLN
(president of Constitutional Council)
14 Jan 1992 - 31 Jan 1994 Supreme
Council of State
- Mohammed Boudiaf
(b. 1919 - d. 1992)
Non-party
(to 29 Jun 1992; president
14 Jan - 29 Jun 1992)
- Khaled Nezzar
(b.
1937)
Mil
- Mohamed Ali
Haroun
(b.
1927)
Non-party
- Tedjini Haddam
(b. 1921 - d. 2000) Non-party
- Ali Hussain
Kafi
(b. 1928 - d. 2013) Non-party
(president from 2 Jul 1992)
- Rédha Malik (from 2 Jul 1992) (b.
1931 - d. 2017) Non-party
State President
31 Jan 1994 - 27 Nov 1995
Liamine Zéroual
(b. 1941)
Non-party
Presidents
27 Nov 1995 - 27 Apr 1999 Liamine
Zéroual
(s.a.) Non-party;1997 RND
27 Apr 1999 - 3 Apr 2019 Abdelaziz Ahmed
Bouteflika
(b. 1937 - d.
2021) RND
26 Nov 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Ahmed Ouyahia
(b.
1952)
RND
(acting for absent Bouteflika)
27 Apr 2013 - 16 Jul 2013 Abdelmalek Sellal
(b.
1948)
FLN
(acting for absent Bouteflika)
State Presidents
3 Apr 2019 - 19 Dec 2019
Abdelkader Bensalah
(b. 1942 - d. 2021)
RND
(acting
to 9 Apr 2019)
19 Dec 2019
-
Abdelmadjid
Tebboune
(b.
1945)
FLN
28 Oct 2020 - 29 Dec 2020 Abdelaziz Djerad (1st
time) (b.
1954)
FLN
(acting for absent Tebboune)
10 Jan 2021 - 12 Feb 2021 Abdelaziz
Djerad (2nd time)
(s.a.)
FLN
(acting for absent Tebboune)
Presidents of the Council of the Provisional
Government of the Algerian Republic
(in Tunis and Tripoli exile to 1 Jul 1962)
19 Sep 1958 - 29 Aug 1961 Ferhat Said Ahmed
Abbas
(s.a.)
FLN
29 Aug 1961 - 27 Sep 1962 Benyoussef
Benkhedda
(b. 1920 - d. 2003) FLN
Prime ministers¹
27 Sep 1962 - 18 Sep 1963 Mohamed Ahmed Ben
Bella
(s.a.)
FLN
18 Sep 1963 - 10 Jul 1965 Post
abolished
10 Jul 1965 - 27 Dec 1978 Houari
Boumedienne
(s.a.)
FLN
27 Dec 1978 - 8 Mar 1979 Post
abolished
8 Mar 1979 - 22 Jan 1984 Mohamed
Benahmed Abdelghani
(b. 1927 - d. 1996) FLN
22 Jan 1984 - 5 Nov 1988 Abdelhamid
Brahimi
(b. 1936 - d. 2021) FLN
5 Nov 1988 - 9 Sep 1989 Kasdi
Merbah
(b. 1938 - d. 1993) FLN
9 Sep 1989 - 5 Jun 1991
Mouloud Hamrouche
(b.
1943)
FLN
5 Jun 1991 - 8 Jul 1992 Sid
Ahmed Ghozali
(b. 1937)
FLN
8 Jul 1992 - 21 Aug 1993 Bélaïd
Abdesselam
(b. 1928 - d. 2020) FLN
21 Aug 1993 - 11 Apr 1994 Rédha Malik
(s.a.)
Non-party
11 Apr 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Mokdad Sifi
(b.
1940)
Non-party
31 Dec 1995 - 14 Dec 1998 Ahmed Ouyahia
(1st
time)
(s.a.) Non-party;1997
RND
14 Dec 1998 - 23 Dec 1999 Ismaïl Hamdani
(b. 1930 - d. 2017) Non-party
23 Dec 1999 - 26 Aug 2000 Ahmed Benbitour
(b.
1946)
Non-party
26 Aug 2000 - 5 May 2003 Ali
Benflis
(b.
1944)
FLN
5 May 2003 - 24 May 2006 Ahmed
Ouyahia (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
RND
24 May 2006 - 23 Jun 2008 Abdelaziz
Belkhadem
(b.
1945)
FLN
23 Jun 2008 - 3 Sep 2012
Ahmed Ouyahia (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
RND
3 Sep 2012 - 13 Mar 2014 Abdelmalek Sellal
(1st time) (s.a.)
FLN
13 Mar 2014 - 28 Apr 2014
Youcef Yousfi (interim)
(b. 1941)
Non-party
28 Apr 2014 - 25 May 2017 Abdelmalek
Sellal (2nd time) (s.a.)
FLN
25 May 2017 - 16 Aug 2017
Abdelmadjid Tebboune
(s.a.)
FLN
16 Aug 2017 - 12 Mar 2019
Ahmed Ouyahia (4th
time)
(s.a.)
RND
12 Mar 2019 - 19 Dec 2019
Noureddine Bedoui
(b. 1959)
Non-party
19 Dec 2019 - 28 Dec 2019
Sabri Boukadoum
(interim)
(b. 1958)
Non-party
28 Dec 2019 - 30 Jun
2021 Abdelaziz
Djerad
(s.a.)
FLN
30 Jun 2021
-
Ayman
Benabderrahmane
(b. 1960) FLN
¹Formal style of the prime
minister: Chief of Government, President of the
Council of Ministers
(Ra'is al-Hukumah, Ra'is Majlis al-Wuzara')
27 Sep 1962 - 27 Dec 1978; Prime minister (Wuzara'
al-Awaliyy) 8 Mar 1979 - 22 Jan 1984 and from
15 Nov 2008; and Chief of Government (Ra'is
al-Hukumah) 22 Jan 1984 - 15 Nov 2008.
Territorial
Disputes: Algeria and many other
states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara;
the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's border with
Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each
nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms
smuggling; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about
32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern
Algeria and the National Liberation Front's (FLN)
assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern
Morocco.
Party abbreviations (religious based
parties banned Mar 1997): FLN
= Front pour la Libération Nationale/Jabhah al-Tahrir
al-Watani (Front for National Liberation, Algerian
nationalist, socialist, 1962-1989 only legal party,
est.1 Nov 1954); RND
= Rassemblement National Démocratie (National Rally for
Democracy, liberal, est.1997); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties:
PRS = Parti de la Révolution
Socialiste (Party of Socialist Revolution, socialist,
split from FLN, 1962-89 illegal, 1962-1979);
UNR = Union pour la
Nouvelle République (Union for the New Republic,
French Guallist, conservative, 1958-1968)
French Sahara (Southern Territories)
24 Dec
1902
Algeria is divided into two parts - Algeria proper
and the Southern territories with separate administrations
under the Governor-general of Algeria. The six Southern
territories were consolidated into one unit as the
Territoires
du Sud (Southern
Territories); On 14 Aug 1905 these are
organized into four territories: Aïn Sefra (Territoire
d'Aïn-
Sefra), Ghardaia (Territoire
de Ghardaïa), Oases (Territoire
des
Oasis), and
Touggourt (Territoire de Touggourt).
20 Sep 1947
Algeria defined as "a group of departments
endowed with civil
status and financial autonomy," including the Southern
Territories, which
were considered as departments, for the
purposes of the cause, by Article 50 of the law, which
also
provided for the integration of their budget
into that of Algeria
from 1 Jan 1948, and their effective departmentalization
in the
near future.
10 Jan
1957
The
four (Saharan) territories are joined in a union
called
the Common Organization of
Saharan Regions (Orgaisation Commune
des Régions
Sahariennes) administered by the Sahara
Ministry of
France.
7
Aug
1957
The four southern territories are divided into two
départements:
Saoura (Aïn Sefra) and Oasis (Ghardaia,
Oasis and Touggourt).
18 Mar 1962
By the
Évian Accords France agrees to
future Algerian sovereignty
over the region and is allowed to continue to
maintain some
military bases in Algeria.
5 Jul
1962
Southern Territories part of independent Algeria.
Minister of Algeria (in Paris)
19 Jun
1957 - 14 May 1958 Robert Lacoste
(b. 1898 - d. 1989) PS
Minister of State for Algerian Affairs (in Paris)
22 Nov 1960 - 28 Nov 1962 Louis Joxe
(b. 1901 - d. 1991) UNR
Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, in charge
of Algerian Affairs (in Paris)
6 Dec 1962 - 8 Jan 1966 Jean de
Broglie
(b. 1921 - d. 1976)
RI
Ministers of State, in charge of the Sahara (in
Paris)
13 Jun 1957 - 14 May 1958 Max Lejeune
(1st
time)
(b. 1909 - d. 1995) SFIO
14 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 Édouard
Corniglion-Molinier
(b. 1899 - d. 1960) CNRS
3 Jun 1958
- 8 Jan 1959 Max Lejeune (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
SFIO
5 Feb 1960
- 24 Aug 1961 Robert
Lecourt
(b. 1908 - d. 2004) MRP
24 Aug 1961 - 15 Apr 1962 Louis Lucien
Raymond Jacquinot (b. 1898 - d.
1993) CNIP
Party abbreviations: CNIP
= Centre National des Indépendants et Paysans (National
Centre of Independents and Farmers,
liberal-conservative, 1949-2002); CNRS
= Centre National des Républicains Sociaux
(National Centre of Social Republicans,
French Gaullist, conservative, 1956-1958, merged
into UNR); MRP
= Mouvement Républicain Populaire (Republican People's
Movement, christian democratic, center-right, 1944-1967);
PS = Parti Socialiste (Socialist
Party, social-democratic, former SFIO, est.4 May 1969);
RI = Républicains Indépendants
(Independent Republicans, non-Gaullist,
liberal-conservative, 1962-1977, then Parti
Républicaine); SFIO =
Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (French
Section of the Workers Internationale, socialist,
center-left, 1905-1969, then PS)
French Military Bases in Algeria
![[French Flag] [French Flag]](fr.gif)
18 Mar 1962
Évian Accords allow
France to maintain some military forces
in Algeria after independence and to continue using
existing
military facilities for specified periods.
3 Jul
1962
High Command of the French Forces in
Algeria (Commandement
Supérieur des Forces Françaises en Algérie)
established in
succession to the 10th Military Region.
1 Jul
1964
Command formally disbanded. French troops withdrawn
(except from
Mers el-Kébir, Colomb-Béchar,
Hammaguir, and Reggane).
High Commanders of the
French Forces in Algeria
3 Jul 1962 - 17 Jul
1962 Michel Fourquet
(b. 1914 - d.
1992) Mil
18 Jul 1962 - 7 Nov 1963
Michel Marie René de Brébisson (b. 1905 -
d. 1991) Mil
8 Nov 1963 - 15 Jun 1964
Philippe Malivoire Filhol de Camas (b. 1907 - d.
1992) Mil
Mers el-Kebir
(Mazalquivir)
13 Sep 1505 - 21 Jan 1708 Spanish occupation of
Mers el-Kebir (as Mazalquivir),
from 19
May 1509 administration moves to Oran.
21 Jan
1708
Occupied by Algiers, part of the Ottoman Empire.
16 Jul 1732 - 29 Feb 1792 Spanish re-occupation of
Mazalquivir (see under Oran).
29 Feb
1792
Spanish abandon Mazalquivir, Ottoman rule
restored.
13 Dec 1830
Occupied by France, renamed Saint-André-de-Mers-el-Kébir.
3 Jul
1940
British naval attack on "Vichy" France forces at
Mers-el-Kébir,
killing 1,297 French servicemen and the sinking the
battleship Bretagne.
18 Mar 1962
Évian Accords allow France to
continue using the major naval
base of
Mers el-Kebir on a 15 year lease.
7 Jun 1962
Creation of a command
for the expanded Combined Forces Strategic
Base of Mers el-Kebir (Commandement
de la base stratégique de
Mers el-Kébir), subordinated to
the High Commander of the
French Forces in Algeria.
3 Jul 1962
Mers
el-Kebir Strategic Base (Commandement
supérieur de la base
Stratégique de Mers el-Kébir)
becomes a separate High command,
directly
subordinated to the French Ministry of the
Armed Forces.
31 Jan
1968
Mers el-Kebir having not fulfilled
its strategic expectations -
the base (except the Bou-Sfer airport)
is already transferred
to Algeria.
23 Dec 1970
Bou-Sfer airport is
transferred to Algeria.
Spanish Captains-general and Governors
of Mazalquivir
13 Sep 1505 - Mar 1508 Diego
Fernández de Córdoba y
(b. 1463 - d. 1518)
Arellano
Dec 1506 - Jun 1507
Ruy Díaz Álvares de Rojas
(interim governor)
Mar 1508 - 17 May 1509 Ruy Díaz
Álvares de Rojas
French Commanders (from Jul 1962, High Commanders)
of the Mers el-Kébir Strategic Base
19 Jun 1962 -
1964
Robert Louis Barthélemy
(b. 1904 - d. 1972) Mil
13 Apr 1964 - 27 Sep 1965 Jean Auguste
Victor Barlier (b. 1908 - d.
1997) Mil
1965 - 31 Jan 1968
Jean Gaston
Chaigneau
(b. 1909 - d. 2004) Mil
Sahara
Military Bases
24 Apr 1947
Creation of the Joint Inter-Armed
Forces Special
Equipment Testing
Center (Centre
Interarmées d'Essais d'Engins Spéciaux
[CIEES])
entrusted with the
development of new weapons. In
the course of
the following years three major bases (Colomb-Béchar,
Hammaguir,
and Reggane) are established in the
Algerian Sahara.
13 Feb 1960 - 25 Apr 1961 France
conducts four atmospheric nuclear tests in the
Algerian
Sahara under the
Saharan Military Experiments Center (Centre
Saharien d'Expérimentations Militaires).
7 Nov 1961 - 16 Feb 1966
France conducts a further 13 underground nuclear tests in
the
Algerian Sahara under the Military
Experiments Center of the
Oasis (Centre d'Expérimentations
Militaires des Oasis).
18 Mar 1962
A secret annex to
the Évian Accords allows France to continue
using these bases for a period of five years.
14 Mar
1964
Bases are formed into a separate military command - Joint
Inter-
Armed Forces Special
Equipment Testing Center,
Colomb-Béchar Air
Base and Sahara Military Sites (CIEES,
Base Aérienne de Colomb-
Béchar et des Sites Militaires au Sahara).
30 Jun
1967
The command is abolished, the bases (except Reggane
airport) are
transferred to Algeria (effective 1 Jul
1967).
1 Oct
1968
Reggane airport is transferred to Algeria.
Director of the
Joint Inter-Armed Forces Special
Equipment Testing Center,
Commander
of the Colomb-Béchar Air Base and Commander of the
Sahara Military Sites
14 Mar 1964 - 30 Jun 1967 Yves Jean-François
Hautière (b.
1914 - d. 1985) Mil
Bone (Bona)
1152 - 1156
Annaba
(Bône) occupied by the Norman Kingdom of
Sicily ("Naples").
1535 - 1541
Annaba
(Bône) occupied by Spain.
1641
Bone a possession of Genoa.
1710
Annexed by Algiers.
27 Mar 1832
Conquered by France and
incorporated into Algeria, named Bône
(from 1962, named Annaba).
Governor (Alcaídes)
1535 - 16 Oct 1540
Alvar Gómez de Orozco Said el Zagal(d. 1540)
1540 - 1541
Luis Pérez de Vargas
(b. c.1493 - d. 1550)
Genoese Governors
1641 - 1710
....
Bougie
31 Jan 1510 - 1555
Bougie (Bugia) occupied
by Spain.
29 Sep 1833
Conquered by France and incorporated into Algeria
(from 1962, named Béjaïa).
Commanders
Jan 1510
Pedro Navarro, conde de
Oliveto (b. c.1460 - d. 1528)
25 Feb 1510 - 1510
Fadrique de Toledo, duque de Alba (b. c.1460 - d.
1531)
1510 - 151.
Diego de Vera
(captain-general for Tripoli and Bujía)
1510 - Oct 1512
Juan de Bobadilla
+ Juan de
Tejeda
Oct 1512 - 1513
Gonzalo Mariño de Ribera
1513 - 1518
Ramón Carroz Pardo dela Casta
1518 - 1537
Perafán de Ribera
1537 - 1555
Luis de Peralta
(d. 1555)
1555
Alonso Carrillo
de Peralta (d. 1556)
Honaine (Oney)
1531 - 1534
Honaine
(Oney) harbor near Tlemcen occupied by Spain.
Alcaíde
24 Aug 1531 - 1534
Álvaro de Bazán
(b. 1526 - d.
1588)
Lieutenant of the Alcaíde
1531 - 1534
Iñigo de Vallejo Pacheco
(acting for Bazán)
Oran
to 1708; 1732 - 1792
|
1708 - 1732; 1792 - 1831
|
19 May
1509
Oran and Mazalquivir
(Mers el-Kebir) occupied by Spanish.
21 Jan
1708
Occupied by Algiers, part of
the Ottoman Empire.
16 Jul 1732
Spanish rule over Orán
and Mazalquivir restored.
27 Fep 1792
Spanish abandon
Orán (Mazalquivir abandoned 29 Feb 1792).
6 Mar
1792
Re-incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
4 Jan
1831
Conquered by France and incorporated into Algeria.
Commanders
23 May 1509 - Aug 1509
Pedro Navarro, conde de Oliveto
(b. c.1460 - d. 1528)
4 Sep 1509 - Jan
1510 Ruy Díaz Álvares de Rojas
Governors and Captains-general
of Orán and Mazalquivir
Jan 1510 - Dec
1512 Diego
Fernández de Córdoba y (b. 1463 -
d. 1518)
Arellano (1st time)
Jan 1513 - 1517
Martín de Argotte (acting)
Sep 1517 - Mar 1522
Diego Fernández de
Córdoba y (s.a.)
Arellano, marquès de Comarès
(2nd time)
Mar 1522 - Sep 1523
Luis Fernández de Córdoba,
(b. c.1482 - d. 1564)
marquès de Comarès (1st time)
15 Sep 1523 - 21 May 1525 Luis Gómez de
Cárdenas
22 May 1525 - Feb 1531 Luis
Fernández de Córdoba,
(s.a.)
marquès de Comarès (2nd time)
Feb 1531 - 1 Jun
1534 Pedro Muñiz de Godoy y
Fernández (d. c.1550)
de Córdova,
4 Jun 1534 - 4
Dec 1545 Martín Alonso Fernández de
(b. c.1498 - d. 1558)
Córdoba Montemayor y Velasco,
conde de Alcaudete (1st time)
4 Dec 1545 - 7 Jul 1546
Alonso Fernández de Córdoba
(b. 1512 - d. 1565)
y Velasco, conde de Alcaudete
(1st time)
7 Jul 1546 - 26 Aug 1558
Martín Alonso Fernández de
(s.a.)
Córdoba Montemayor y Velasco,
conde de Alcaudete (2nd time)
27 Aug 1558 - 12 Jun 1564 Alonso Fernández
de Córdoba (s.a.)
y Velasco, conde de Alcaudete
(2nd time)(acting to 21 Dec
1558)
12 Jun 1564 - 17 Jul 1564 Andres Ponce de Léon y
de las (d. 1575)
Infantas (1st time)(interim)
18 Jul 1564 - 20 Nov 1565 Andrés Ponce de León y
de las (s.a.)
Infantas (2nd time)
+ Francisco de Valencia
(interim)
21 Nov 1565 - 9 Jul 1567 Hernán
Tello de Guzmán y Quiñones (d. 1591)
(interim)
9 Jul 1567 - 3
Nov 1571 Pedro Luis Garcerán de
Borja, (b. 1528 - d. 1592)
marqués de Navarrés
3 Nov 1571 - 12 Mar
1573 Felipe de Borja (interim)
13 Mar 1573 - 4 Feb 1574 Diego
Fernández de Córdoba, (b.
1524 - d. 1601)
conde de Comares (1st time)
5 Feb 1574 - 8
Dec 1575 Luis de Bocanegra (interim)
8 Dec 1575 - 21 Jul
1580 José Martín de Córdoba y
Velasco, (b. c.1520 - d. 1604)
marqués de Cortes (1st time)
25 Jul 1580 - 23 Apr 1581 Pedro
de Padilla (1st time)
(b. 1550 - d. 1599)
(interim)
23 Apr 1584 - 25 Aug 1585 José
Martín de Córdoba y Velasco, (s.a.)
marqués de Cortes (2nd time)
25 Aug 1585 - 14 Nov 1589 Pedro de
Padilla (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Nov 1589 - 17 Aug 1594 Diego Fernández
de Córdoba, (s.a.)
conde de Comares (2nd time)
17 Aug 1594 - 20 May 1596 Gabriel Niño de
Zúñiga
(d. 1599)
20 May 1596 - 5 Dec 1604 Francisco
Fernández de
Córdoba (b. 1562 - d.
1632)
y Velasco, conde de Alcaudete
6 Dec 1604 - 4
Jul 1607 Juan Ramírez de Guzmán y
Toledo, (b. 1525 - d. 1607)
conde de Teba, marqués de
Ardales
4 Jul 1607 - 10 Aug
1608 Diego de Toledo y Guzmán
11 Aug 1608 - 25 Oct 1616 Felipe Ramírez
de Arellano y (d.
1620)
Zúñiga, conde de Aguilar de
Inestrillas
25 Oct 1616 - 8 Apr 1622 Jorge de
Cárdenas Manrique, (b. 1584 -
d. 1644)
duque de Maqueda y Nájera
(1st time)
9 Apr 1622 - 9
May 1624 Juan Manrique de Cárdenas
(b. 1587 - d. 1634)
10 May 1624 - 11 Oct 1625 Jorge
de Cárdenas Manrique,
(s.a.)
duque de Maqueda y Nájera
(2nd time)
11 Oct 1625 - 6 Apr 1628 Antonio
Sancho Dávila y Toledo,
(b. 1590 - d. 1666)
marqués de Velada y de San Román
7 Apr 1628 - 6
Feb 1632 Francisco González de Andía y
(b. 1575 - d. 1659)
Irarrazábal y Zárate, visconde
de Santa Clara de Avedillo
6 Feb 1632 - 16 Jun
1639 Antonio de Zúñiga y de la Cueva, (b.
c.1590 - d. 1652)
marqués de Flores Dávila
(1st time)
16 Jun 1639 - 2 Dec 1643 Álvaro de
Bazán Manrique de Lara (b. 1571 - d. 1646)
y Benavides, marqués de Santa
Cruz de Mudela y de Viso
2 Dec 1643 - 28 Nov
1647 Rodrigo Pimentel Ponce de León,
(b. 1597 - d. af.1661)
marqués de Viana del Bollo
28 Nov 1647 - 31 Jan 1652 Antonio de
Zúñiga y de la Cueva, (s.a.)
marqués de Flores Dávila
(2nd time)
31 Jan 1652 - 4 Oct 1652 Government
Junta (six members)
4 Oct 1652 - 30 Jun 1660 Antonio
Gómez Dávila Toledo (b.
c.1615 - d. 1689)
y Osorio, marqués de San Román
30 Jun 1660 - 22 May 1666 Gaspar Felipe
de Guzmán, duque (d. 1666)
de
Sanlúcar la Mayor, marqués
de Leganés
22 May 1666 - 4 May 1672 Fernando
Joaquín Fajardo de (b. 1635 -
d. 1693)
Requeséns y Zúñiga, marqués
de los Vélez
4 May 1672 - 19 May
1675 Diego de Portugal
20 May 1675 - 11 Jun 1678 Iñigo de Toledo
y Osorio
11 Jun 1678 - 9 Mar 1681 Pedro
Andrés Ramírez de Guzmán y (b. 1649 - d.
1681)
Portocarrero, marqués de la
Algava y Hardales, conde de Teba
y de
Buendía
9 Mar 1681 - 12 Apr
1681 Mariana de Velasco, viuda
del (d. 1699)
marqués de la Algava (f)(acting)
12 Apr 1681 - 18 Sep 1682 Gaspar
Portocarrero de la Vega y (d. 1693)
Rojas,
conde de la Monclova
18 Sep 1682 - 2 Sep 1683 Pedro
Félix José de Silva y (b.
1642 - d. 1697)
Meneses Padilla y Gaitán,
conde de Cifuentes, marqués
de Arconchel
2 Sep 1683 - 18 Mar
1685 José Antonio de Funes
de
(b. 1623 - d. 1685)
Villalpando
y Climent, marqués
de Ossera
18 Mar 1685 - 2 May 1685 María
Leonor de Monroy y Aragón
(f)(b. 1622 - d. 16..)
(acting)
2 May 1685 - 5 Feb
1687 Antonio de Paniagua de Loysa y
(b. c.1640 - d. 1687)
Zúñiga, marqués de Santa Cruz
de Paniagua
6 Feb 1687 - 4
Apr 1687 Beatriz María
Antonia de Escobar
y
Ovando, viuda del marqués de
Santa Cruz (f) (acting)
4 Apr 1687 - 9 Jul 1687
Frey Diego de Bracamonte
(d. 1687)
9 Jul 1687 - 14 Jul
1687 Junta
- Miguel
de Zufre
- Diego
Merino
-
Francisco Ramírez de Arellano
14 Jul 1687 - 19 Sep 1687 Pedro Manuel de
Colón de Portugal, (b. 1651
- d. 1710)
duque de Veraguas (interim)
19 Sep 1687 - 10 Feb 1691 Félix Nieto da
Silva, conde (b. 1635 - d.
1691)
de Guaro
10 Feb 1691 - 27 Jul 1691 Lorenzo de
Ripalda (1st time)
(interim)
27 Jul 1691 - 22 Jun 1692 Juan Luis de
Orliens, conde de (b. 1638 - d. 1692)
Charny
22 Jun 1692 - 24 Sep 1692 Lorenzo de
Ripalda (2nd time)
(interim)
25 Sep 1692 - 14 Jul 1697 Andrés Cópula,
duque de Canzano, (b. 1638 - d. 1697)
marqués
de Robledo
14 Jul 1697 - 31 May 1701 Arias Gonzalo
Dávila y Pacheco, (b. 1666 - d.
1738)
marqués de Casasola
1 Jun 1701 - 24 Oct 1704 Juan
Francisco Manrique de Arana (b. 1655 - d.
1736)
y de Iraola
24 Oct 1704 - 7 Sep 1707 Carlo
Carafa (Caraffa)
7 Sep 1707 - 21 Jan
1708 Melchor de Avellaneda Sandoval
(b. 1653 - d. 1719)
y Romero, marqués de Valdecañas
1708 -
1732
Shabah Bey -Ottoman [Wali] governor
16 Jul 1732 - 21 Nov 1732 Álvaro de Navia
Osorio y Vigil, (b. 1684 - d. 1732)
marqués de Santa Cruz de
Marcenado
1732 - 1733
Bartolomé Ladrón de Guevara
(interim)
May 1733 - 16 Jul 1733
Antonio del Castillo y
(b. 1686 - d. 1740)
Ventimiglia, marqués de
Villadarias
1733 -
1738
José de Vallejo y de la Canal
(b. c.1675 - d. 1743)
1738 -
1742
José Basilio de Aramburu
(b. 1683 - d. 1752)
1742 - 27 Dec
1748
Alejandro Leroy de la Mothe
(b. 1675 - d. 1748)
Feb 1749 - Feb
1752 Pedro de
Algaín, marqués
de la Real Corona
Feb 1752 - 25 Mar 1758
Juan Antonio de Escoiquiz,
(d. 1758)
mariscal
de Campo
4 May 1758 -
1765
Juan Martín Cermeño (Zermeño) (b.
1700 - d. 1773)
2 Jun 1765 - 29 Jul
1767 Cristóbal de Córdoba
1767
Cant Prevost
(interim)
8 Sep 1767 - 17 Sep 1770
Victorio Alcondolo Bolognino (b.
1740 - d. 1782)
Visconti, conde de Bolognino
17 Sep 1770 - 12 May 1774 Eugenio
Fernández de Alvarado y (b. 1715
- d. 1780)
Perales Hurtado y Colomo,
marqués de los Tabalosos
12 May 1774 - Nov 1774 Narciso
Vázquez y Nicuesa (interim)
17 Sep 1774 - 3 Aug 1776 Pedro
Martín Cermeño y Paredes (b. 1722 - d.
1790)
13 Sep 1776 - 28 Feb 1779 Luis Antonio
de Carvajal (interim) (d. 1779)
1779
José Pérez Brito
(interim)
18 Jun 1779 - 27 Sep 1784 Pedro Guelfi y
Albergotti, (b. 1712 -
d. 1785)
mariscal de Campo
28 Sep 1784 - 9 Apr 1788 Luis de
las Casas y Aragorri
(b. 1745 - d. 1800)
9 Apr 1788 - 28 Sep 1788 Juan Gil
(interim)
28 Sep 1788 - Mar 1789 Dionisio
del Duque (interim)
Mar 1789 - 29 May 1790
Manuel de Pineda y de la Torre, (b.
c.1735 - d. 1827)
marqués de Campo Santo
May 1790 - 9 Oct 1790
Basilio Gascón (interim)
(d. 1790)
9 Oct 1790 - 15 Oct 1790 Joaquín
González Ferrari Mayone (b. 1738 - d. 1805)
e
Borromei, conde de Cumbre-
Hermosa
4 Nov 1790 - 27 Feb 1792
Juan Antonio de Curtén (interim)
(b. 1730 - d. 1796)
Walis (governors)
1792 -
1798/99
Mehmed Bey al-Kabir
1798/99 -
1802
Osman Bey
1802 -
1805
Mustafa Bey al-Manzalah (1st time)
1805? -
1807
Mehmed Bey
Makkalas
(d. 1807)
1807
Mustafa Bey al-Manzalah (2nd time)
1807 -
1812
Mehmed al-Reqid
1812 -
1817
Ali Kora
Bargli
(d. 1817)
1827 -
1831
Hassan Bey
Peñón de Algiers
1510 - 29 May 1529
Spanish occupation of Peñón de Algiers (El
Peñón de Argel)
island in Algiers harbor.
29 May
1529
Fort of Peñón fortress dismantled by
the Ottomans.
Captains and Alcaide
1510 - 1514
.... [unknown]
16 May 1514 - Mar
1515 Diego Pérez de Vargas
Mar 1515 - Oct 1516?
Mosén Quint
(= Nicolao Quint, Nicolau de Quint)
1516 - 15..
Gaspar de Villaragaud (Vilaragaudt)
c.1521
Hernando de
Vargas
152. - 29 May 1529 Martín
de Vargas
(d. 1529)
Constantine (Qusantina)
1525 - 1837
|
1525
Part of Ottoman Empire
(Qusantina).
1567
Beylik of Qusantina, subject to Algiers.
1826
Local Kabyle population declares independence.
10 - 13 Oct
1837
Constantine (Qusantina) under siege by France.
13 Oct
1837
Constantine conquered by France.
15 Dec 1837
Last bey is deposed by France.
9 Dec
1848
Incorporated into Algeria.
Beys
1567 -
1574
Ramdane Tchulak Bey
1574 -
1588
Djaâfer Bey
1588 -
1608
Mohammed ben Ferhat Bey
1608 -
1622
Hassan Bey
1622 -
1647
Mourad Bey
1647 - 1652
Ferhat Bey
1652 -
1666
Mohamed ben Ferhat Bey
1666 -
1673
Redjeb ben Ferhat Bey
1673 -
1676
Kheïr ed-din Bey
1676 -
1679
Abdul-Rahman Dali Bey
1679 - 1687
Omar ben Abd-el Ramdan
1687 -
1692
Châban Bey
1692 -
1700
Ali Khodja (Hoça)
Bey
(d. 1700)
1700 - 1702
Ahmed Bey ben Ferhat
1702 -
1707
Brahem Bey
1708
Ali Bey ben Hamouda
1708 -
1709
Hussein Chaouch
1709
Abd-el Rahman Bey ben Ferhat
1710
Hosseïn Denguezli Bey
1710 -
1713
Ali Bey ben Salah
1713 -
1746
Kelian Hussein Bey Bou Komia
1746 -
1754
Hussein bey Bousnek
(d. 1754)
1753 -
1756
Hosseïn Bey Zereg-Aïnou
1756 -
1771
Ahmed Bey el-Kolli
1771 -
1792
Salah Bey ben
Mostefa
(b. 1725 - d. 1792)
1792
Brahem Bey Bou Sebâ
1792 -
1795
Hussein Bey ben Bousnek
(d. 1795)
Feb 1795 - Jan
1798 Moustapha
Bey ben Sliman
(d. 1798)
el-Ouznadji
Jan 1798 -
1803
Hadj Mostefa Ingliz Bey
1803 -
1804
Osman Bey ben
Koulougli
(d. 1804)
1804 -
1806
Abdallah Khodja Bey ben Smaïl (d.
1806)
1806 -
1807
Hussein Bey ben Salah Bey
Aug 1807 -
1808
Ali Bey ben Youssef
1808
Ahmed Bey Rouhou
(d. 1808)
1808 -
1811
Ahmed Bey Tobbal
(d. 1811)
1811 -
1814
Mohamed Nàman Bey
(d. 1814)
1814 -
1818
Mohamed Chakar Bey
(d. 1818)
1818 (33 days)
Kara Mostefa Bey
(d. 1818)
1818 (1 month)
Ahmed Bey Ben Abdullah el-Memlouk (d. 1822?)
(1st time)
1818
Brahem Critli Bey
(d. 1818)
1818 -
1819
M'Hamed Ben Daoud el-Mili Bey
1819 - Aug
1820
Brahem Khodja
el-Gherbi
(d. 1820)
Oct 1820 -
1822
Ahmed Bey Ben Abdullah el-Memlouk (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1822 -
1824
Ibrahim Bey
(d. 1832)
1824 -
1826
Mohammed Bey Malamli
1826 - 15 Dec 1837
Ahmed Bey ben
Mohammed Chérif (b. c.1784
- d. 1850)
(in opposition to 10 Sep 1842)
Kel Ahaggar
c.1750
Kel Ahaggar Tuareg confederation established.
1903
Under French suzerainty.
1962
Confederation not recognized by independent Algeria.
1977
Confederation terminated by Algeria.
Rulers (title Amenokal)
af.1655 - bf.1700
Salah
c.1700 - c.1730
Muhammad al-Khir ag Salah
c.1730 - c.1750
Sidi ag Muhammad al-Khir
c.1750 -
1790
Yunus ag Sidi
1790 -
1830
Ag Mama ag Sidi
1830 -
1877
al-Hajj Ahmad
1877 -
1900
Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
(d. 1900)
1900 -
1905
Attici ag Amellal
1905 - 27 Dec
1920
Musa ag
Amastan
(b. 1867 - d. 1920)
1920 - 26 Mar
1941
Akhamuk ag
Ihemma
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1941 -
1950
Meslar ag
Amayas
(d. 1950)
1950 - 1975
Bayy ag Akhamuk
(d. 1975)
1975 - 2005
al-Hajj Musa ag
Akhamuk
2006 -
Edaber Ahmad ag Muhammad
Tuggurt (Touggourt)
1414
Sultanate of Tuggurt founded in southern Algeria.
2 Dec
1854
Abolished by French colonial authority.
13 May 1871 - 12 Dec 1871 Rebellion against French
colonial authority.
Sultans
.... -
....
`Ali II
.... -
....
Mabruk (Mubarak)
.... -
....
`Ali III
.... -
....
Mustafa
.... -
....
Sulayman III
1729
Ahmad III
.... -
....
Muhammad I al-`Akhal
.... -
....
Ahmad IV
.... -
....
Farhat
.... -
....
Ibrahim
.... -
....
`Abd al-Qadir I (1st time)
+ Ahmad V
.... -
....
Khalid
.... -
....
`Abd al-Qadir I (2nd time)
175. - 1759
`Umar I bin Bu-Kumetin
1759 - 1765
Muhammad II
1765 - 1766
`Umar II bin Muhammad
1766 - 1778
Ahmad VI
1778 - 1782
`Abd al-Qadir II
1782 - 1792
Farhat II
1792 - 1804
Ibrahim II
1804
al-Khazan
1804 - 1822
Muhammad III
1822 - 1830
`Amar (`Amir) II
1830 - 1831
Ibrahim III
1831 - 1833
`Ali IV bin al-Kabir
1833 - 1840
`Aisha (Aichouch)(f)
1840 - 1852
`Abd ar-Rahman
1852
`Abd al-Qadir III
1852 -
1854
Sulayman IV
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