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![[banner
of France c.987-c.1137]](fr-1.gif "[banner of France
c.987-c.1137]")
![[Banner of France Ancient
c.1137-c.1365]](fr-slys.gif "[Banner of
France Ancient c.1137-c.1365]")
![[banner
of France Modern c.1365-1632]](fr-3b.gif "[banner of France Modern
c.1365-1632]")
![[First
French Tricolor unofficial
1790-1794]](fr-1790.gif "[First French
Tricolor unofficial 1790-1794]")
![[French
Flag]](fr.gif "[French Flag]")
![[White
semy de lys ensign of France
1814-15, 1815-30]](fr_rest.gif "[White
semy de lys ensign of France
1814-15, 1815-30]")
![[French
flag of 1848, Feb-Mar 1848]](fr-48.gif "[French flag of 1848, Feb-Mar
1848]")
![[French
flag with cobalt shade of blue,
recommended between 1974 and 2020]](fr1.gif "[French flag with cobalt
shade of blue, recommended between
1974 and 2020]")
![[flag
of Free French forces, 1940-1944
(France)]](fr-ffl.gif "[flag of Free
French forces, 1940-1944 (France)]")
Kings¹ (Frankish/Germanic names with French in
parentheses to 987)
- kings of the Franks -
481 - 11 Nov
511
Chlódowech I (= Clovis I)
(b.
c.466 - d. 511)
27 Nov 511 - 21 Jun 524 Chlódomér
(= Clodomir, Clodmer)
(b. c.494 - d. 524)
(at Soissons)
27 Nov 511 - 23 Dec 558
Childebert I (at
Paris)
(b. c.497 - d. 558)
27 Nov 511 - Dec
561 Chlóthachar
I (= Clotaire I) (b.
c.502 - d. 561)
(at Soissons)
Dec 561 - Nov
567
Charibert I (= Caribert I)
(b. c.517 - d. 567)
(at
Paris)
Dec 561 - 28 Mar
592 Gunthram (=
Gontran)(in Orléans) (b. c.533 - d. 592)
Dec 561 - Oct 584
Chilperíc I (= Chilpéric
I) (b.
c.534 - d. 584)
(at Soissons)
Oct 584 - 18 Oct 629 Chlóthachar
II (= Clotaire II) (b.
584 - d. 629)
Oct 584 - 597
Fredegundis
(Frédégonde)(f)-Regent
(b. c.550 - d. 597)
18 Oct 629 - 19 Jan
639 Dagoberht I (= Dagobert I)
(b. c.608 - d. 639)
Dec 629 - 8 Apr
632 Charibert
II -Co-ruler
(b. c.613 - d. 632)
(= Caribert II)(in
Aquitania)
19 Jan 639 - Oct 657
Chlódowech
II (= Clovis II)
(b. 634 - d. 657)
19 Jan 639 - Sep
642 Nantechildis (f)
-Regent
(b. c.610 - d. 642)
(=
Nantéchilde)
Sep 642 - 648
Erchinoald (= Erchenout) -Regent
(d. 658)
Oct 657 - Apr
673 Chlóthachar
III (= Clotaire III) (b. c.651 - d.
673)
Oct 657 - 665
Balthildis (= Balthild)(f) -Regent
(b. c.626 - d. 680)
(St. Balthild of Ascania)
Apr 673 -
673
Theuderíc III (= Thierry III)
(b. c.653 - d. 690)
(1st time)
673 - Oct?
675
Childeríc II (= Childéric II)
(b. c.656 - d. 675)
Oct? 675 - 690
Theuderíc III (= Thierry III)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
690 - Mar? 695
Chlódowech
III (= Clovis III)
(b. c.678 - d. 695)
690 - 692
Chródechildis
(f) -Regent
(b. c.650 - d. af.692)
(= Clothilde)
Mar? 695 - 14 Apr 711
Childebert
IV
(b. c.679 - d. 711)
14 Apr 711 - Dec
715 Dagoberht
III (= Dagobert III) (b.
c.698 - d. 715)
14 Apr 711 -
712
Grimoald (= Grimaud) -Regent
(b. c.680 - d. 714)
Nov? 715 - Feb
721
Chilperíc II (=
Chilpéric II) (b. c.674 - d. 721)
Feb 721 - Apr
737 Theuderíc IV
(= Thierry IV) (b.
c.712 - d. 737)
Feb 721 - 726
Karl Martell -Regent
(b. c.688 - d. 741)
(= Charles Martel "le Marteau")
Apr 737 - 2 Feb
743 Interregnum
Apr 737 - 15 Oct 741
Karl Martell
(s.a.)
(= Charles Martel "le Marteau")
(mayor of the palace)
15 Oct 741 - 2 Feb
743 Pippin (= Pepin "le Bref")
(b. 714 - d. 768)
(mayor of the palace)
2 Feb 743 - 25 Dec
751 Childeríc
III (= Childéric III) (b. c.718 -
d. c.754)
25 Dec 751 - 24 Sep
768 Pippin I (= Pépin I "le Bref")
(s.a.)
9 Oct 768 - 28 Jan
814 Karl I (= Charlemagne)
(b. 748 -
d. 814)
(= Charles I "le Grand")
(from 25 Dec 800, Holy Roman Emperor Karl I)
- jointly with -
9 Oct 768 - 4
Dec 771 Karlmann I (= Carloman I)
(b. 751 - d. 771)
(in Burgundy, Provence, Swabia)
25 Dec 800 - 4 Dec
811 Karl (= Charles) -Co-ruler
(b. 772 - d. 811)
(in Austrasia, Neustria, Saxonia)
11 Sep 813 - 1 Oct
833 Hlúdwíg I (= Louis I "le
Pieux") (b. 778 - d. 840)
(co-ruler to 28 Jan 814)(1st
time)
30 Jun 833 - 1 Mar
834 Hlóthar I (= Lothaire I)
(b. 795 - d. 855)
(regent to 1 Oct 833)
(Holy Roman Emperor Lothar I)
1 Mar 834 - 20 Jun
840 Hlúdwíg I (= Louis I
"le Pieux") (s.a.)
(2nd time)
- kings of the West Franks; later
of France -
20 Jun 840 - 6 Oct
877 Karl II (= Charles II "le Chauve")
(b. 823 - d. 877)
(from 10 Aug? 843, king of the West Franks)
(from 25 Dec 875, Holy Roman
Emperor Karl II)
8 Dec 877 - 11 Apr
879 Hlúdwíg II (= Louis
II "le Bégue") (b. 846 - d. 879)
Sep 879 - 5 Aug 882 Hlúdwíg
II (= Louis III)
(b. c.864 - d. 882)
5 Aug 882 - 6 Dec
884 Karlmann II (= Carloman II)
(b. c.867 - d. 884)
13 Jun? 885 - Nov 887
Karl (= Charles "le
Gros")
(b. 839 - d. 888)
(Holy Roman Emperor Karl III "der
Dicke")
29 Feb 888 - 3 Jan 898
Ódo (=
Eudes)
(b. c.859 - d. 898)
28 Jan 893 - 30 Jun
922 Karl III (=Charles III "le
Simple")(b. 879 - d. 929)
(in dissidence to 3 Jan 898)
30 Jun 922 - 15 Jun
923 Hródbert I (= Robert I)
(b. c.862 - d. 923)
13 Jul 923 - 15 Jan
936 Hródwulf (=
Rodolphe, Raoul) (b. 89.
- d. 936)
15 Jan 936 - 19 Jun 936
Hugo, dux Neustria -Regent
(b. c.898 - d. 956)
19 Jun 936 - 10 Sep 954 Ludwig
IV (= Louis IV "d'Outremer")(b. 921? - d. 954)
10 Sep 954 - 12 Nov 954 Regents
- Artold, archevêque
de Reims (b. 89. - d.
961)
- Hugo
I, dux Francorum
(b. c.898 - d. 956)
12 Nov 954 - 2 Mar 986
Lothar II (= Lothaire II)
(b. 941 - d. 986)
8 Jun 979 - 21 May
987 Ludwig V (= Louis V "le Fainéant")
(b. c.967 - d. 987)
(co-ruler to 2 Mar 986)
21 May 987 - 3 Jun?
987 Regents
-
Adalbero, archevêque
de Reims (b. 92. - d. 988)
- Hugo
II, dux Francorum
(b. c.941 - d. 996)
3 Jun? 987 - 24 Oct 996
Hugo I (= Hugues
Capet)
(s.a.)
(= Hugo II, dux
Francorum)
25 Dec 987 - 20 Jul 1031 Robert II
"le Pieux" (the Pious) (b. 972
- d. 1031)
(co-ruler to 24 Oct
996)
9 Jun 1017 - 17 Sep 1026
Hugo II (= Hugues II) (co-ruler) (b. 1007
- d. 1026)
14 May 1027
- 4 Aug 1060 Henri
I
(b. 1008 - d. 1060)
(co-ruler to 20 Jul
1031)
23 May 1059 - 29 Jul 1108
Philippe
I
(b. 1052 - d. 1108)
(co-ruler
to 4 Aug 1060)
4 Aug 1060 - 1 Sep
1067 Baudouin, comte de Flandres -Regent(b.
c.1013 - d. 1067)
29 Jul 1108
- 1 Aug 1137 Louis VI "le Gros"
(b. 1081 - d.
1137)
14 Apr 1129 - 13
Oct 1131 Philippe -Co-ruler
(b. 1116 - d. 1131)
25 Oct 1131 - 18
Sep 1180 Louis VII "le Jeune"
(b. 1120 - d. 1180)
(co-ruler to 1 Aug 1137)
(absent on crusade 8 Jun 1147 - 11 Nov
1149)
8 Jun 1147 - 11 Nov
1149 Regents
- Suger, abbé de Saint-Denis
(b. 1081 - d. 1151)
- Raoul IV, comte de Vermandois
(b. c.1094 - d. 1152)
1 Nov 1179 - 14 Jul 1223
Philippe II "Auguste"
(b. 1165 - d. 1223)
(co-ruler to 18 Sep 1180)
(absent on crusade 24 Jun 1190 - 27 Dec 1191)
24 Jun 1190 - 27
Dec 1191 Regents
-
Alix de Blois et de Champagne (f)(b.
c.1140 - d. 1206)
- Guillaume Cardinal de Champagne, (b. 1135 - d.
1202)
archevêque de Reims
14 Jul 1223
- 8 Nov 1226 Louis VIII "Coeur-de-Lion"
(b. 1187 - d. 1226)
8 Nov 1226
- 27 Aug 1270 Louis IX "la
Saint"
(b. 1214 - d. 1270)
(absent on crusade 12 Jun 1248 -
10 Jul 1254 and 14 Mar - 25 Aug 1270)
8 Nov 1226
- 25 Apr 1236 Blanche de Castille (f) -Regent
(b. 1188 - d. 1252)
(1st time)
12 Jun 1248 - 27
Nov 1252 Blanche de Castille (f)
-Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
27 Nov 1252 - 10
Jul 1254 Louis de France -Regent
(b. 1243 - d. 1260)
14 Mar 1270 - 25
Aug 1270 Regents
- Mathieu de Vendôme, abbé de (b.
121. - d. 1286)
Saint-Denis (1st time)
- Simon, seigneur de Nesle
(b. c.1209 - d. 1288)
(1st time)
25 Aug 1270 - 5 Oct 1285 Philippe
III "le Hardi"
(b. 1245 - d. 1285)
25 Aug 1270 - 22 May? 1271 Regents
- Mathieu de Vendôme, abbé de (s.a.)
Saint-Denis (2nd time)
- Simon, seigneur de Nesle
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
5 Oct 1285 - 29 Nov
1314 Philippe IV "le Bel"
(b. 1268 - d. 1314)
29 Nov 1314
- 5 Jun 1316 Louis X "le
Hutin"
(b. 1289 - d. 1316)
5 Jun 1316
- 17 Jul 1316 Charles,
comte de Valois -Regent
(b. 1270 - d. 1325)
17 Jul 1316 - 15 Nov
1316 Philippe, comte de Poitiers -Regent(b.
1293 - d. 1322)
(1st time)
15 Nov 1316 - 19
Nov 1316 Jean I "le
Posthume"
(b. 1316 - d. 1316)
15 Nov 1316 - 19
Nov 1316 Philippe, comte de
Poitiers -Regent(s.a.)
(2nd time)
19 Nov 1316 - 3 Jan
1322 Philippe V "le Long"
(s.a.)
(= Philippe, comte de Poitiers)
3 Jan 1322 - 1
Feb 1328 Charles IV "le Bel"
(b. 1294 - d. 1328)
1 Feb 1328
- 1 Apr 1328 Philippe, comte de
Valois et (b.
1293 - d. 1350)
Anjou -Regent
1 Apr 1328 - 22 Aug 1350
Philippe
VI
(s.a.)
(= Philippe, comte de Valois et Anjou)
22 Aug 1350
- 8 Apr 1364 Jean II "le Bon"
(b. 1319 - d. 1364)
(English prisoner 19
Sep 1356 - 4 Oct 1360)
19 Sep 1356 - 4 Oct
1360 Charles, duc du Normandie -Regent
(b. 1337 - d. 1380)
(1st time)(Lieutenant-general to 14
Mar 1458)
17 Dec 1362 - Aug
1363 Charles, duc du Normandie -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(Lieutenant-general)
8 Apr 1364 - 16 Sep 1380
Charles V "le Sage"
(s.a.)
(= Charles, duc du Normandie)
16 Sep 1380 - 21
Oct 1422 Charles VI "le Fou"
(b. 1368 - d.
1422)
16 Sep 1380
- 1 Nov 1388 Regents
- Louis, duc
d'Anjou
(b. 1339 - d. 1384)
(to 20 Sep 1384)
- Philippe, duc de
Bourgogne (b. 1342 -
d. 1404)
"le Hardi"
- Jean de
France, duc de Berry (b. 1340 - d. 1416)
et Auvergne (from 19 Nov 1380)
6 Nov 1417 - 30
Oct 1422 Charles, duc de Touraine et
(b. 1403 - d. 1461)
de Berry -Lieutenant-general
21 May 1420 - 31 Aug 1422 Henry
V, king of England -Regent
(b. 1387 - d. 1422)
(regent and heir by Treaty of Troyes)
21 Oct 1422 - 17
Jul 1453 Henri (II) (Henry
VI of England) (b. 1421 - d. 1471)
(in dissidence)(nominally to 4
Mar 1461)
30 Oct 1422 - 22
Jul 1461 Charles VII "le Victorieux"
(s.a.)
(= Charles, duc de Touraine et
Auvergne)
22 Jul 1461 - 30 Aug 1483 Louis
XI "le Prudent"
(b. 1423 - d. 1483)
30 Aug 1483 - 7 Apr
1498 Charles VIII
"l'Affable"
(b. 1470 - d. 1498)
30 Aug 1483 - 23
Oct 1483 Anne de Beaujeu,
vicomtesse de (b. 1461 - d.
1522)
Thouars (f) -Regent
23 Oct 1483 - 1 Apr 1488
Jean de Bourbon, duc de Bourbonnois(b. 1426 - d. 1488)
et
d'Auvergne -Lieutenant-general
23 Aug 1494 - 7 Nov 1495
Pierre de Beaujeu, duc de
(b. 1438 - d. 1503)
Bourbon -Lieutenant-general
7 Apr 1498
- 1 Jan 1515 Louis
XII
(b. 1462 - d. 1515)
1 Jan 1515
- 31 Mar 1547 François
I
(b. 1494 - d. 1547)
(Spanish prisoner in Madrid 24 Feb 1525 - 17 Mar 1526)
24 Feb 1525 - 13
Mar 1526 Louise de Savoie (f) -Regent
(b. 1476 - d. 1531)
31 Mar 1547 - 10
Jul 1559 Henri
II
(b. 1519 - d. 1559)
10 Jul 1559
- 5 Dec 1560 François
II
(b. 1554 - d. 1560)
(also king-consort of Scotland from 24 Apr 1558)
5 Dec 1560
- 30 May 1574 Charles
IX
(b. 1550 - d. 1574)
5 Dec 1560
- 17 Aug 1563 Catherine de Médicis (f) -Regent
(b. 1519 - d. 1589)
(1st time)
30 May 1574
- 2 Aug 1589 Henri
III
(b. 1551 - d. 1589)
(also King of Poland Henryk
"Walezy" 18 Feb 1574 - 12 May 1575)
30 May 1574
- 6 Sep 1574 Catherine de Médicis
(f) -Regent (s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Aug 1589
- 14 May 1610 Henri
IV
(b. 1553 - d. 1610)
21 Nov 1589
- 9 May 1590 Charles (X) (in dissidence)
(b. 1523 - d. 1590)
(= Charles Cardinal de Bourbon, archevêque
de Reims)
(prisoner from 21 Nov
1589)
13 Mar 1589 - 30
Mar 1594 Charles de Lorraine, duc
de (b. 1554 - d.
1611)
Mayenne -Lieutenant General of
the Royal State and Crown of France
(in dissidence)
14 May 1610 - 14
May 1643 Louis XIII "le Juste" (the
Just) (b. 1601 - d. 1643)
15 May 1610
- 2 Oct 1614 Marie de Médicis (f) -Regent
(b. 1573 - d. 1642)
14 May 1643
- 1 Sep 1715 Louis XIV "le Grand",
(b. 1638 - d.
1715)
"le Roi Soleil"
18 May 1643
- 7 Sep 1651 Anne-Maurice
d'Autriche (f)-Regent
(b. 1601 - d. 1666)
1 Sep 1715
- 10 May 1774 Louis XV "le
Bien-Aime"
(b. 1710 - d. 1774)
12 Sep 1715 - 22
Feb 1723 Philippe de France, duc
(b. 1674 - d.
1723)
d'Orléans -Regent
10 May 1774 - 21 Sep 1792 Louis
XVI
(b. 1754 - d. 1793)
(suspended 21 Jun - 14 Sep 1791 and 10 Aug - 21 Sep
1792)
21 Jun 1791 - 14 Sep 1791 Marguerite Louis
François Duport (b. 1754 - d. 1793)
du Tertre (acting for suspended Louis XVI)
10 Aug 1792 - 21 Sep 1792 Georges Jacques Danton
(b. 1759 - d.
1794) Mont-D
(acting for suspended Louis XVI)
Presidents of the National Assembly (often
referred to as National Constituent Assembly)
18 Jun 1791 - 2 Jul 1791 Alexandre
François
Marie,
(b. 1760 - d. 1794) Feu
vicomte de Beauharnais (1st time)
2 Jul 1791 - 19 Jul 1791 Charles
Malo François, comte (b.
1757 - d. 1832) Feu
de Lameth
19 Jul 1791 - 30 Jul 1791 Jacques
Defermon, dit Defermon
(b. 1752 - d. 1831)
des Chapelières
30 Jul 1791 - 13 Aug 1791 Alexandre
François
Marie,
(s.a.)
Feu
vicomte de Beauharnais (2nd time)
13 Aug 1791 - 27 Aug 1791 Charles Louis
Victor, prince (b. 1756 -
d. 1794) Feu
de Broglie
27 Aug 1791 - 10 Sep 1791 Théodore
Vernier
(b. 1731 - d. 1818)
10 Sep 1791 - 30 Sep 1791 Jacques
Guillaume
Thouret
(b. 1746 - d. 1794) Feu
Presidents of the National Assembly
7 Aug 1792 - 19 Aug 1792
Jean-François Honoré
Merlet (b.
1761 - d. 1830)
19 Aug 1792 - 2 Sep 1792
Jean-François Delacroix, dit
(b. 1753 - d. 1794)
Gir
Lacroix
2 Sep 1792 - 16 Sep 1792 Marie-Jean
Hérault de Séchelles (b. 1759 - d.
1794) Gir
16 Sep 1792 - 21 Sep 1792 Pierre Joseph
Cambon
(b. 1756 - d. 1820) Gir
Presidents of the National Convention
20 Sep 1792
Philippe Jacques
Rühl (1st time) (b. 1737 - d. 1795) Mont
(acting)
20 Sep 1792 - 4 Oct 1792 Jérôme Pétion, dit
Pétion de (b. 1756 -
d. 1794) Gir
Villeneuve
4 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792
Jean-François Delacroix, dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Lacroix
18 Oct 1792 - 1 Nov 1792 Marguerite
Élie
Guadet
(b. 1755 - d. 1794) Gir
1 Nov 1792 - 15 Nov 1792 Marie-Jean
Hérault de Séchelles
(s.a.)
Mont
(1st time)
15 Nov 1792 - 29 Nov 1792 Baptiste-Henri
Grégoire
(b. 1750 - d. 1831) Mar
29 Nov 1792 - 13 Dec 1792 Bertrand
Barère, dit Barère de (b. 1755 -
d. 1841) Mont
Vieuzac
13 Dec 1792 - 27 Dec 1792 Jacques
Defermon, dit Defermon
(s.a.)
Gir
des Chapelières
27 Dec 1792 - 10 Jan 1793 Jean-Baptiste
Treilhard
(b. 1742 - d. 1810) Mar
10 Jan 1793 - 24 Jan 1793 Pierre
Victurnien
Vergniaud (b.
1753 - d. 1793) Gir
24 Jan 1793 - 7 Feb 1793 Jean-Paul
Rabaut, dit Rabaut
(b. 1743 - d. 1793) Gir
Saint-Étienne
7 Feb 1793 - 21 Feb 1793
Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit
(b. 1751 - d. 1840) Mar
Bréard-Duplessis
21 Feb 1793 - 7 Mar 1793 Edmond
Louis Alexis Dubois de (b.
1747 - d. 1814) Mont
Crancé, dit Dubois-Crancé
7 Mar 1793 - 21 Mar 1793 Arnaud
Gensonné
(b. 1758 - d. 1793) Gir
21 Mar 1793 - 4 Apr 1793 Jean
Antoine Joseph de Bry,
(b. 1760 - d. 1834) Gir
dit Debry
4 Apr 1793 - 18 Apr 1793
Jean-François Bertrand
Delmas (b. 1751 - d.
1798) Mar
9 Apr 1793 - 18 Apr 1793 Jacques
Alexis Thuriot
de
(b. 1753 - d. 1829) Mont-D
la Rosière (1st time)
(acting for Delmas)
18 Apr 1793 - 2 May 1793 Marc David
Alba, dit Lasource (b. 1763 - d.
1793) Gir
2 May 1793 - 16 May 1793
Jean-Baptiste
Boyer-Fonfrède (b.
1765 - d. 1793) Gir
16 May 1793 - 30 May 1793 Honoré Maximin
Isnard
(b. 1758 - d. 1825) Gir
30 May 1793 - 13 Jun 1793 François René
Auguste Mallarmé (b. 1755 - d.
1831) Mont
13 Jun 1793 - 27 Jun 1793 Jean-Marie
Collot,
dit
(b. 1749 - d. 1796) Mont
Collot d'Herbois (1st time)
27 Jun 1793 - 11 Jul 1793 Jacques Alexis
Thuriot
de
(s.a.)
Mont-D
la Rosière (2nd time)
11 Jul 1793 - 25 Jul 1793 André
Jeanbon, dit Jeanbon
(b. 1749 - d. 1813) Mont-R
Saint-André
25 Jul 1793 - 8 Aug 1793
Georges-Jacques
Danton
(b. 1759 - d. 1794) Mont-D
8 Aug 1793 - 22 Aug 1793 Marie-Jean
Hérault de Séchelles
(s.a.)
Mont-D
(2nd time)
22 Aug 1793 - 5 Sep 1793 Maximilien
Robespierre (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1794)
Mont-R
5 Sep 1793 - 19 Sep 1793 Jacques
Nicolas Billaud, dit
(b. 1756 - d. 1819) Mont
Billaud-Varenne
19 Sep 1793 - 3 Oct 1793 Pierre
Joseph
Cambon
(s.a.)
Mont
3 Oct 1793 - 22 Oct 1793 Louis
Joseph Charlier
(b. 1754 - d. 1797) Mont-M
22 Oct 1793 - 6 Nov 1793 Moïse
Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle (b. 1755 -
d. 1815) Mont
6 Nov 1793 - 21 Nov 1793 Pierre
Antoine Laloy (Lalloy) (b. 1749
- d. 1846) Mont
21 Nov 1793 - 6 Dec 1793 Charles
Gilbert
Romme
(b. 1750 - d. 1795) Mont
6 Dec 1793 - 21 Dec 1793 Jean-Henri
Voulland
(b. 1751 - d. 1801) Mont
21 Dec 1793 - 5 Jan 1794 Georges
Auguste
Couthon
(b. 1755 - d. 1794) Mont-R
5 Jan 1794 - 20 Jan 1794 Jacques
Louis
David
(b. 1748 - d. 1825) Mont-M
20 Jan 1794 - 4 Feb 1794 Marc
Guillaume Alexis
Vadier (b. 1736 - d.
1828) Mont
4 Feb 1794 - 19 Feb 1794 Joseph
Nicolas Barbeau Du Barran, (b. 1761 - d.
1816) Mont
dit Dubarran
19 Feb 1794 - 6 Mar 1794 Louis de
Saint-Just
(b. 1767 - d. 1794) Mont-R
6 Mar 1794 - 21 Mar 1794 Philippe
Jacques Rühl (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mont-D
21 Mar 1794 - 5 Apr 1794
Jean-Lambert
Tallien
(b. 1767 - d. 1820) Mont
5 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794
Jean-Baptiste André
Amar
(b. 1755 - d. 1816) Mont
(or Jean Pierre André Amar)
20 Apr 1794 - 5 May 1794 Jean
Baptiste Robert
Lindet (b.
1746 - d. 1825) Mont
5 May 1794 - 20 May 1794 Lazare
Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (b. 1753 - d.
1823) Mont
20 May 1794 - 4 Jun 1794 Claude
Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, (b. 1763 - d.
1832) Mont
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or
4 Jun 1794 - 19 Jun 1794 Maximilien
Robespierre (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mont-R
19 Jun 1794 - 5 Jul 1794 Élie
Lacoste
(b. 1745 - d. 1806) Mont
5 Jul 1794 - 19 Jul 1794
Jean-Antoine Louis, dit
Louis (b. 1742 - d.
1796) Mont
du Bas-Rhin
19 Jul 1794 - 3 Aug 1794 Jean-Marie
Collot,
dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Collot d'Herbois (2nd time)
3 Aug 1794 - 18 Aug 1794 Philippe
Antoine Merlin, dit
(b. 1754 - d. 1838) Mar
Merlin de Douai
18 Aug 1794 - 2 Sep 1794 Antoine
Christophe Merlin, dit (b. 1762
- d. 1833) Thr
Merlin de Thionville
2 Sep 1794 - 22 Sep 1794 André
Antoine Bernard des Jeuzines,(b. 1751 - d. 1818)
Mont
dit Bernard de Saintes
(or Adrien Antoine....)
22 Sep 1794 - 7 Oct 1794 André
Dumont
(b. 1765 - d. 1836) Thr
7 Oct 1794 - 22 Oct 1794 Jean
Jacques Régis Cambacérès
(b. 1753 - d. 1824) Mar
22 Oct 1794 - 6 Nov 1794 Pierre
Louis
Prieur,
(b. 1756 - d. 1827) Mont
dit Prieur de la Marne
6 Nov 1794 - 24 Nov 1794 Louis
Legendre, dit Legendre de (b.
1752 - d. 1797) Thr
Paris
24 Nov 1794 - 6 Dec 1794
Jean-Baptiste
Clauzel
(b. 1746 - d. 1803) Thr
6 Dec 1794 - 21 Dec 1794
Jean-François
Reubell
(b. 1747 - d. 1807) Mar
21 Dec 1794 - 6 Jan 1795 Pierre
Louis
Bentabole
(b. 1756 - d. 1798) Thr
6 Jan 1795 - 20 Jan 1795 Étienne
François Louis Honoré (b.
1751 - d. 1817) Mod
Tourneur, dit Le Tourneur
(or Charles
François Louis Honoré Letourneur)
20 Jan 1795 - 4 Feb 1795 Joseph
Stanislas François
(b. 1748 - d.
1798) Thr
Xavier Alexis Rovère de Fontvielle
4 Feb 1795 - 19 Feb 1795 Jean
Nicolas Paul François Barras (b. 1755 - d.
1829) Thr
19 Feb 1795 - 6 Mar 1795 François
Louis
Bourdon,
(b. 1758 - d. 1798) Thr
dit Bourdon de l'Oise
6 Mar 1795 - 24 Mar 1795 Antoine
Claire Thibaudeau
(b. 1765 - d. 1854)
Mar
24 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Jean
Pelet, dit Pelet de la Lozère (b. 1759 - d. 1842)
5 Apr 1795 - 20 Apr 1795 François
Antoine Boissy d'Anglas (b. 1756 - d.
1826) Mar
(or François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas)
20 Apr 1795 - 5 May 1795 Emmanuel
Joseph Sieyès
(b. 1748 - d.
1836) Mar
("Abbé Sieyès")
5 May 1795 - 26 May 1795 Théodore
Vernier
(s.a.)
20 May 1795 - 21 May 1795 Pierre Amable
Soubrany
(b. 1752 - d. 1795) Mont
(in rebellion)
26 May 1795 - 4 Jun 1795
Jean-Baptiste Charles Mathieu, (b.
1763 - d. 1833) Mar
dit Mathieu-Mirampal
4 Jun 1795 - 19 Jun 1795 Jean-Denis
Lanjuinais
(b. 1753 - d. 1827) Mar
19 Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795
Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray (b.
1760 - d. 1797) Mar
4 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Louis
Gustave Le Doulcet
de (b. 1764 -
d. 1853) Mar
Pontécoulant
19 Jul 1795 - 3 Aug 1795 Louis
Marie La Revellière, dit (b.
1753 - d. 1824) Mar
La Revellière-Lépeaux
3 Aug 1795 - 19 Aug 1795 Pierre
Claude François Daunou (b.
1761 - d. 1840) Mar
19 Aug 1795 - 2 Sep 1795 Marie
Joseph Blaise
Chénier (b.
1764 - d. 1811) Mar
(or
Marie Joseph Blaise de Chénier)
2 Sep 1795 - 23 Sep 1795 Théophile
Berlier
(b. 1761 - d. 1844) Mar
23 Sep 1795 - 8 Oct 1795 Pierre
Charles Louis
Baudin, (b. 1748 -
d. 1799) Thr
dit Baudin des Ardennes
8 Oct 1795 - 26 Oct 1795 Charles
François Jean Joseph (b.
1749 - d. 1804) Mar
Victor Génissieu
26 Oct 1795 - 2 Nov 1795 the
Committee of Public Safety
(see heads of government)
Presidents of the Executive Directory
2 Nov 1795 - 31 Jan 1796
Jean-François Reubell (1st time)
(s.a.)
Reac
31 Jan 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 Étienne
François Louis Honoré
(s.a.)
Mod
Le Tourneur, dit Le Tourneur
(1st
time)
30 Apr 1796 - 29 Jul 1796 Lazare Nicolas
Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Mod
(1st time)
29 Jul 1796 - 1 Nov 1796 Louis
Marie de La Revellière, dit
(s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (1st time)
1 Nov 1796 - 30 Jan 1797 Jean
Nicolas Paul François Barras
(s.a.)
Reac
(1st time)
30 Jan 1797 - 30 Apr 1797 Jean-François
Reubell (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Reac
30 Apr 1797 - 26 May 1797 Étienne
François Louis Honoré
(s.a.)
Mod
Le Tourneur, dit Le Tourneur
(2nd time)
26 May 1797 - 24 Aug 1797 Lazare Nicolas
Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
24 Aug 1797 - 27 Nov 1797 Louis Marie de
La Revellière, dit
(s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (2nd time)
27 Nov 1797 - 25 Feb 1798 Jean Nicolas
Paul François Barras
(s.a.)
Reac
(2nd time)
25 Feb 1798 - 26 May 1798 Philippe
Antoine Merlin, dit
(s.a.)
Reac
Merlin de Douai (1st time)
26 May 1798 - 24 Aug 1798 Jean-François
Reubell (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Reac
24 Aug 1798 - 27 Nov 1798 Jean-Baptiste
Treilhard
(s.a.)
27 Nov 1798 - 25 Feb 1799 Louis Marie de
La Revellière, dit
(s.a.)
Mod
La Revellière-Lépeaux (3rd time)
25 Feb 1799 - 26 May 1799 Jean Nicolas
Paul François Barras
(s.a.)
Reac
(3rd time)
26 May 1799 - 18 Jun 1799 Philippe
Antoine Merlin, dit
(s.a.)
Reac
Merlin de Douai (2nd time)
19 Jun 1799 - 23 Sep 1799 Emmanuel Joseph
Sieyès
(s.a.)
Mod
23 Sep 1799 - 10 Nov 1799 Louis-Jérôme
Gohier
(b. 1746 - d. 1830) Mod
11 Nov 1799 - 25 Dec 1799 Consular
Executive Commission
(no president, functions of consul
de jour rotated daily)
- Emmanuel Joseph
Sieyès
(s.a.)
Mod
- Pierre Roger Ducos, dit
(b.
1747 - d. 1816) Mod
Roger-Ducos
- Napoléon
Bonaparte
(b. 1769 - d. 1821) Mil
First Consul
25 Dec 1799 - 18 May 1804 Napoléon
Bonaparte
(s.a.)
Mil
Emperor¹
18 May 1804 - 11 Apr 1814 Napoléon I (1st
time)
(s.a.)
(30 Apr 1814 - 1 Mar 1815 in Elba exile)
Regents
23 Jan 1814 - 28 Mar 1814 Marie Louise -Empress
(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
28 Jan 1814 - 30 Mar 1814 Joseph Napoléon
de France
(b. 1768 - d. 1844)
(Lieutenant-general of the Empire)
1 Apr 1814 - 14 Apr 1814 Provisional
Government
- Charles
Maurice de Talleyrand- (b. 1754 - d.
1838) Non-party
Périgord, prince de Bénévent
(assumes chairmanship without formal
appointment,
referred to "president")
- Pierre Riel,
comte de (b.
1752 - d. 1821) Non-party
Beurnonville
- Arnail
François, comte de
(b. 1757 - d. 1852) Non-party
Jaucourt
- Emèrick
Joseph Wolfgang Héribert,
duc de Dalberg
(b. 1773 - d. 1833)
Non-party
- François
Xavier Marc Antoine de
Montesquiou-Fezensac
(b. 1756 - d. 1832)
Non-party
14 Apr 1814 - 2 May 1814
Charles-Philippe de
France, (b.
1757 - d. 1836) Non-party
comte d'Artois
(Lieutenant-general of the Kingdom)
King¹
2 May 1814 - 20 Mar 1815 Louis
XVIII "le Désiré" (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1824)
(23 Mar - 8 Jul 1815 in Ghent exile)
Emperors¹
20 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Napoléon I (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Napoléon
II (remained in Austria) (b. 1811 - d. 1832)
Non-party
23 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Commission
of Government
(also styled Executive Commission)
- Joseph Fouché, duc d'Otrante
(b. 1759 - d. 1820) Non-party
(president from 23 Jun 1815)
- Lazare Nicolas
Marguerite
(s.a.)
Non-party
Carnot
- Paul, comte
Grenier
(b. 1768 - d. 1827) Non-party
- Armand Augustin
Louis
(b. 1773 - d. 1827) Non-party
Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence
- Nicolas Marie, baron
de
(b. 1762 - d. 1821) Non-party
Quinette de Rochemont
Kings¹
8 Jul 1815 - 16 Sep 1824 Louis
XVIII "le Désiré" (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Sep 1824 - 2 Aug 1830 Charles
X²
(s.a.)
(= Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois)
29 Jul 1830 - 1 Aug 1830
Municipal Commission (of Paris)
(in opposition to Charles X)
- Jacques
Laffitte
(b. 1767 - d. 1844) Lib
- Casimir-Pierre Périer
(b. 1777 - d. 1832) Lib
- Georges Mouton, comte de Lobau (b. 1770 -
d. 1838) Lib
- Auguste Jean Marie, baron de
(b. 1782 - d. 1849) Lib
Schonen
- Pierre François Audry
de (b.
1783 - d. 1852) Lib
Puiraveau
- François
Mauguin
(b. 1785 - d. 1854) Lib
Lieutenant-general of the kingdom
31 Jul 1830 - 9 Aug 1830
Louis-Philippe de France, duc
(b. 1773 - d. 1850) Lib
d'Orléans
King¹
9 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848
Louis-Philippe I "le Roi-Citoyen" (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government of the
Republic
24 Feb 1848 - 9 May 1848 Jacques
Charles Dupont de l'Eure (b. 1767 - d. 1855)
Mod
President of the National Constituent Assembly
9 May 1848 - 10 May 1848 Philippe
Joseph Benjamin Buchez (b. 1796 - d.
1865) Rep
Chairman of the Executive Power Commission
11 May 1848 - 24 Jun 1848 Dominique
François Jean Arago (b.
1786 - d. 1853) Rep
President of the National Constituent Assembly
24 Jun 1848 - 28 Jun 1848 Antoine Marie
Jules
Sénard
(b. 1800 - d. 1885) Non-party
Chief of the Executive Power
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eugène
Cavaignac
(b. 1802 - d. 1852) Mod
President
20 Dec 1848 - 1 Dec 1852
Louis-Napoléon
Bonaparte
(b. 1808 - d. 1873) Bon
Emperor¹
1 Dec 1852 - 4 Sep 1870
Napoléon
III
(s.a.)
(Prussian prisoner from
2 Sep 1870)
26 Jul 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Empress
Eugénie -Regent
(b. 1826 - d. 1920)
President of the Government of National Defense
4 Sep 1870 - 13 Feb 1871 Louis
Jules
Trochu
(b. 1815 - d. 1896) Mil
Presidents of the National Constituent Assembly
13 Feb 1871 - 16 Feb 1871 Denis Emmanuel,
comte Benoist
(b. 1796 - d. 1880) Con
d'Azy (acting)
16 Feb 1871 - 17 Feb 1871 François Jules
Paul
Grévy
(b. 1807 - d. 1891) Con
Presidents
17 Feb 1871 - 24 May 1873 Marie Joseph
Louis Adolphe Thiers (b. 1797 - d. 1877) CG
(chief of the Executive Power to 31 Aug 1871)
24 May 1873 - 30 Jan 1879 Marie Edmé
Patrice Maurice de (b. 1808 - d.
1893) Mon
Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta
30 Jan
1879
Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(b. 1798 - d. 1881) CD
(acting)
30 Jan 1879 - 2 Dec 1887 François Jules Paul
Grévy
(s.a.)
GRep
2 Dec 1887 - 3 Dec 1887
Pierre Maurice Rouvier (acting) (b.
1842 - d. 1911) UR
3 Dec 1887 - 25 Jun 1894 Marie
François Sadi
Carnot
(b. 1837 - d. 1894) UR
25 Jun 1894 - 27 Jun 1894 Charles
Alexandre Dupuy (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1923) UR
(acting)
27 Jun 1894 - 16 Jan 1895 Jean-Paul
Pierre Casimir-Périer (b. 1847 - d.
1907) Rep
16 Jan 1895 - 17 Jan 1895 Charles
Alexandre Dupuy (2nd time)
(s.a.)
UR
(acting)
17 Jan 1895 - 16 Feb 1899 François Félix
Faure
(b. 1841 - d. 1899) Rep
16 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1899 Charles
Alexandre Dupuy (3rd time)
(s.a.)
UR
18 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1906 Émile François
Loubet
(b. 1838 - d. 1929) ARD
18 Feb 1906 - 18 Feb 1913 Clément Armand
Fallières
(b. 1841 - d. 1931) ARD;1911 PRD
18 Feb 1913 - 18 Feb 1920 Raymond Nicolas
Landry Poincaré (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
PRD;1917 ARD
(at Bordeaux 3 Sep - 8 Dec 1914)
18 Feb 1920 - 21 Sep 1920 Paul Eugène Louis
Deschanel (b.
1855 - d. 1922) PRDS
21 Sep 1920 - 11 Jun 1924 Étienne
Alexandre
Millerand (b.
1859 - d. 1943) Non-party
(acting to 23 Sep 1920)
11 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1924 Frédéric
François-Marsal (acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1958)
FR
13 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1931 Pierre Paul
Henri Gaston Doumergue (b. 1863 - d. 1937) RRS
13 Jun 1931 - 7 May 1932 Paul
Athanase Doumer
(b. 1857 - d. 1932) RRS
7 May 1932 - 10 May 1932 André
Pierre Gabriel
Amédée (b.
1876 - d. 1945) AD
Tardieu (acting)
10 May 1932 - 11 Jul 1940 Albert François
Lebrun
(b. 1871 - d. 1950) AD
(at Tours 10-14 Jun 1940, then Bordeaux, from 1
Jul 1940 Vichy)
Head of the French State (Chef
de l'État Français)
11 Jul 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 Henri Philippe
Pétain
(b. 1856 - d. 1951) Mil
(in Belfort exile 20 Aug - 7 Sep 1944;
then
in Sigmaringen, Germany to
23 Apr 1945)
Acting heads of state (in dissidence to 20 Aug
1944)
3 Jun 1944 - 16 Jan 1947 the
heads of government
Presidents
16 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1954 Jules Vincent
Auriol
(b. 1884 - d. 1966) SFIO
16 Jan 1954 - 8 Jan
1959 René Jules Gustave
Coty
(b. 1882 - d. 1962) CNIP
8 Jan 1959 - 28 Apr
1969 Charles de
Gaulle
(b. 1890 - d. 1970) UNR;1968 UDR
28 Apr 1969 - 20 Jun
1969 Alain Émile Louis Marie
Poher (b. 1909 - d.
1996) Ind
(1st time) (acting)
20 Jun 1969 - 2 Apr
1974 Georges Jean Raymond
Pompidou (b. 1911 - d.
1974) UDR
3 Apr 1974 - 27 May
1974 Alain Émile Louis Marie
Poher
(s.a.)
Ind
(2nd time) (acting)
27 May 1974 - 21 May
1981 Valéry Giscard
d'Estaing
(b. 1926 - d. 2020) RI;1978 UDF
21 May 1981 - 17 May
1995 François Maurice
Mitterrand (b.
1916 - d. 1996) PS
17 May 1995 - 16 May 2007
Jacques René
Chirac
(b. 1932 - d. 2019) RPR;2002 UMP
16 May 2007 - 15 May 2012 Nicolas Paul Sarkozy
(b.
1955) UMP
15 May 2012 - 14 May 2017 François Gérard
Hollande
(b. 1954)
PS
14 May 2017
-
Emmanuel Jean-Michel Macron
(b. 1977) LREM;2022
RE
First Ministers of State (Premier
ministre d'État)
14 May 1610 - 29 Jan 1611
Maximilien de Béthune, duc de
(b. 1559 - d. 1641)
Sully
29 Jan 1611 - 1614 Nicolas
de Neufville, marquis de (b. 1542 - d. 1617)
Villeroy
1614 - 1616
Vacant
1616 - 24 Apr 1617 Concino
Concini (Conchine), (b.
c.1575 - d. 1617)
marquis
d'Ancre
24 Apr 1617 - 12 Aug
1624 Vacant
12 Aug 1624 - 4 Dec 1642 Armand Jean du
Plessis Cardinal (b. 1585 - d. 1642)
Richelieu, duc de Richelieu
4 Dec 1642 - 9 Mar 1661 Jules
Cardinal
Mazarin
(b. 1602 - d. 1661)
9 Mar 1661 - 6 Sep 1683
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
(b. 1619 - d. 1683)
6 Sep 1683 - 2 Sep 1715
Vacant
2 Sep 1715 - 10 Aug 1723 Gillaume
Dubois
(b. 1656 - d. 1723)
(from 16 Jul 1721, Gillaume Cardinal
Dubois)
10 Aug 1723 - 2 Dec 1723 Philippe
de France, duc d'Orléans (s.a.)
2 Dec 1723 - 11 Jun 1726 Louis Henri,
prince de Condé (b. 1692 - d. 1740)
11 Jun 1726 - 29 Jan 1743 André Hercule de
Fleury (b. 1653
- d. 1743)
(from 11
Sep 1726, André Hercule Cardinal de Fleury)
29 Jan 1743 - 9 Oct 1758
Vacant
3 Dec 1758 - 24 Dec
1770 Étienne François, duc de
Choiseul (b. 1719 - d. 1785)
24 Dec 1770 - 14 May 1774 René Nicolas
Charles Augustin de (b. 1714 - d. 1792)
Maupeou,
marquis de Morangles et
de
Bully, vicomte de Bruyères-le
-Châtel
14 May 1774 - 21 Nov 1781 Jean-Frédéric
Phélypeaux, (b. 1701 -
d. 1781)
comte de
Maurepas
21 Nov 1781 - 13 Feb 1787 Charles Gravier, comte
de (b. 1719 - d. 1787)
Vergennes
13 Feb 1787 - 25 Aug 1788 Étienne Charles de
Loménie de (b. 1727 - d. 1794)
Brienne
25 Aug 1788 - 11 Ju1 1789 Jacques Necker (1st
time) (b. 1732 - d.
1804)
11 Jul 1789 - 16 Jul 1789 Louis Auguste
Le Tonnellier, (b. 1730 - d. 1807)
baron de
Breteuil
16 Jul 1789 - 3 Sep 1790 Jacques
Necker (2nd time)
(s.a.)
3 Sep 1790 - 29 Nov 1791 Armand
Marc, comte de Montmorin (b. 1745 - d.
1792)
Saint-Hérem
29 Nov 1791 - 21 Sep 1792
Vacant
Provisional Executive Council (chair
rotating weekly)
- Ministers of Justice -
21 Sep 1792 - 9 Oct 1792 Georges
Jacques
Danton
(s.a.)
Mont-D
9 Oct 1792 - 20 Mar 1793 Dominique
Joseph
Garat
(b. 1749 - d. 1833) Gir
20 Mar 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis-Jérôme
Gohier
(s.a.)
Mod
- Ministers of the Marine and Colonies -
21 Sep 1792 - 10 Apr 1793 Gaspard Louis
Monge
(b. 1746 - d. 1818) Mont
10 Apr 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean
Dalbarade
(b. 1743 - d. 1819) Mil
- Ministers of Foreign Affairs -
21 Sep 1792 - 21 Jun 1793 Pierre Henri
Hélène Marie Tondu,
(s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu
21 Jun 1793 - 2 Apr 1794 François
Louis Michel Chemin des (b. 1759 - d.
1840) Mont-D
Forgues, dit Deforgues
2 Apr 1794 - 5 Apr 1794 Vacant
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794
Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon (b. 1766 - d.
1795) Mont
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial
Joseph Armand Herman
(b. 1759 - d. 1795) Mont
(interim)³
- Ministers of the Interior -
21 Sep 1792 - 23 Jan 1793 Jean-Marie
Roland de la Platière (b. 1734 - d.
1793) Gir
23 Jan 1793 - 20 Aug 1793 Dominique
Joseph
Garat
(s.a.)
Gir
(interim to 15 Mar 1793)
20 Aug 1793 - 5 Apr 1794 Jules
François
Paré
(b. 1755 - d. 1819) Mont-D
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794
Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon
(s.a.)
Mont
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial
Joseph Armand Herman
(s.a.)
Mont
(interim)
- Ministers of War -
21 Sep 1792 - 3 Oct 1792 Joseph
Marie Servan, dit Servan (b. 1741 - d.
1808) Mil
de Gerbey
3 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792 Pierre
Henri Hélène Marie Tondu,
(s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu (1st time)
(interim)
18 Oct 1792 - 4 Feb 1793
Jean-Nicolas
Pache
(b. 1746 - d. 1823) Gir
4 Feb 1793 - 1 Apr 1793
Pierre Riel de
Beurnonville
(b. 1752 - d. 1821) Mil
1 Apr 1793 - 4 Apr 1793
Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Tondu,
(s.a.)
Gir
dit Lebrun-Tondu (2nd time)
(interim)
4 Apr 1793 - 22 Jun 1793
Jean-Baptiste Noël
Bouchotte (b. 1754 -
d. 1840) Mil
(1st time)
22 Jun 1793
(hours) Charles
Alexis
Alexandre
(b. 1754 - d. 1825)
22 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean-Baptiste
Noël Bouchotte
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
- Ministers of Public Contributions and
Revenues -
21 Sep 1792 - 13 Jun 1793 Étienne
Clavière
(b. 1735 - d. 1793) Gir
13 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis Grégoire
Des Champs des (b. 1744 -
d. 1795) Mod
Tournelles
Committee of Public Safety of the National Convention
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Bertrand
Barère de
Vieuzac
(s.a.)
Mont
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jacques
Nicolas Billaud, dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Billaud-Varenne
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Lazare
Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Mont
(1st time)
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jean-Marie
Collot,
dit
(s.a.)
Mont
Collot d'Herbois
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Georges Auguste
Couthon
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 André Jeanbon,
dit
Jeanbon
Saint-André
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794
Jean-Baptiste Robert
Lindet
(s.a.)
Mont
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 Pierre Louis
Prieur,
dit
(s.a.)
Mont-R
Prieurde la Marne (1st time)
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Claude
Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
(s.a.)
Mont
dit Prieur de la Côte d'Or
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Maximilien
Robespierre
(s.a.)
Mont-R
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Louis de
Saint-Just
(s.a.)
Mont-R
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794
Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Bréard-Duplessis (1st time)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Joseph
Eschassériaux (1st time) (b. 1753 - d.
1823) Mont
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Pierre
Antoine
Laloy
(s.a.)
Mont
31 Jul 1794 - 1 Sep 1794
Jean-Lambert Tallien (1st time)
(s.a.)
Thr
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Jacques
Alexis Thuriot de la
Rosière
(s.a.)
Mont
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794
Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (1st time)
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 5 Dec 1794
Charles Cochon de
Lapparent (b.
1750 - d. 1825) Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795
Jean-François Bertrand
Delmas
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795
Antoine François
Fourcroy
(b. 1755 - d. 1809) Thr
(1st time)
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795
Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (1st time)
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Louis
Bernard Guyton de Morveau, (b. 1737 - d.
1816) Mar
dit Guyton-Morveau
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795
Pierre Louis Prieur, dit
Prieur de la Marne (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mont
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795
Joseph Charles Étienne Richard
(b. 1761 - d. 1834)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean
Jacques Régis Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(1st time)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
(s.a.)
Thr
(2nd time)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean
Pelet, dit Pelet de la Lozère (s.a.)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795
François Antoine Boissy d'Anglas
(s.a.)
Mar
(1st time)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795
Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois
de
(s.a.)
Thr
Crancé, dit Dubois-Crancé
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 André
Dumont
(s.a.)
Thr
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795
Jean-Jacques Bréard,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Bréard-Duplessis (2nd time)
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795
Jean-Pierre
Chazal
(b. 1766 - d. 1840) Thr
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795
Pierre Marec (1st
time)
(b. 1739 - d. 1828) Mod
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795
Antoine François
Fourcroy
(s.a.)
Thr
(2nd time)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795
Pierre Jean Lacombe,
dit
(b. 1751 - d. 1812) Mont
Lacombe Saint-Michel
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795
Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (2nd time)
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Marie
François Sébastien
(b. 1760 - d. 1823) Thr
Christophe Delaporte, dit Laporte
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795
Jean-François Reubell (1st time)
(s.a.)
Mar
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1st time)
(s.a.)
Mar
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795
François
Aubry
(b. 1747 - d. 1798) Thr
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean
Jacques Régis Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(2nd time)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795
Jacques Antoine Creuzé de
La (b. 1749 - d.
1800) Mar
Touche, dit Creuzé-Latouche
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795
Pierre Mathurin
Gillet
(b. 1766 - d. 1795) Mod
(or René-Mathurin Gillet)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795
Bernard Marie Lesage (1st time) (b.
1758 - d. 1796) Thr
(or Denis-Toussaint Lesage)
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Louis
Félix
Roux
(b. 1753 - d. 1817) Thr
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795
Jean-Lambert Tallien (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Thr
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795
Joseph Jacques
Defermon,
(s.a.)
Thr
dit Defermon des Chapelières
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Louis
Gustave Le Doulcet
de
(s.a.)
Thr
Pontécoulant
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795
Jacques Antoine Rabaut,
dit (b. 1744 -
d. 1820)
Rabaut-Pomier
4 May 1795 - 2 Aug 1795
Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mar
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795
Théodore
Vernier
(s.a.)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795
Charles Antoine Augustin
Blad (b. 1764 - d.
1802) Thr
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795
François Joseph
Gamon
(b. 1767 - d. 1832) Thr
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795
Pierre François
Joachim
(b. 1761 - d. 1838) Thr
Henry-Larivière
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795
Pierre Marec (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mod
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
François Antoine Boissy d'Anglas
(s.a.)
Mar
(2nd time)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean
Antoine Joseph
Debry
(s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Bernard Marie Lesage (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Thr
(or Denis-Toussaint Lesage)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray
(s.a.)
Mar
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Étienne François Louis
Honoré (s.a.)
Le Tourneur, dit Le Tourneur
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Philippe Antoine Merlin,
dit
(s.a.)
Mar
Merlin de Douai (3rd time)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Jean-François Reubell (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mar
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Théophile
Berlier
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean
Jacques Régis Cambacérès
(s.a.)
Mar
(3rd time)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Pierre Claude François Daunou
(s.a.)
Mar
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Louis
Marie La Revellière, dit
(s.a.)
Mar
La Revellière-Lépeaux
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Marie
Joseph Blaise
Chénier
(s.a.)
Mar
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Joseph Eschassériaux (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mod
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Charles Claude Christophe Gourdan (b. 1744 - d.
1804) Mar
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795
Antoine Claire
Thibaudeau
(s.a.)
Mar
Minister Secretaries of State (Ministre
Secrétaire d'État)
25 Dec 1799 - 17 Apr 1811 Hugues Bernard
Maret (1st time) (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
Non-party
(from 3 May 1809, comte Maret;
from 15
Aug 1809, duc de Bassano)
17 Apr 1811 - 20 Nov 1813 Pierre Antoine
Noël Bruno, (b.
1767 - d. 1829) Non-party
comte Daru
20 Nov 1813 - 1 Apr 1814 Hugues
Bernard Maret, duc
(s.a.)
Non-party
de Bassano (2nd time)
Archchancellor (Archi-chancelier
de l'Empire)
18 May 1804 - 11 Apr 1814 Jean Jacques
Régis de Cambacérès,
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 24 Apr 1808) duc de Parme
(1st
time)
Chancellor (Chancelier de France)
13 May 1814 - 20 Mar 1815 Charles Henry Dambray
(D'Ambray) (b. 1760 - d. 1829) Non-party
Minister Secretary of State
20 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Hugues Bernard Maret,
duc
(s.a.)
Non-party
de Bassano (3rd time)
Archchancellor
20 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Jean Jacques
Régis de Cambacérès,
(s.a.)
Non-party
duc de Parme (2nd time)
Prime ministers4
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Vacant
7 Jul 1815 - 26 Sep 1815 Charles
Maurice de Talleyrand- (s.a.)
Non-party
Périgord, prince de Bénévent
(acting
to 9 Jul 1815)
26 Sep 1815 - 29 Dec 1818 Armand Emmanuel
du Plessis, duc (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
Non-party
de Richelieu (1st time)
29 Dec 1818 - 19 Nov 1819 Jean Joseph
Paul
Augustin,
(b. 1767 - d. 1828) Non-party
marquis Dessolles
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Feb 1820 Élie, comte
Decazes
(b. 1780 - d. 1860) Mod
20 Feb 1820 - 14 Dec 1821 Armand Emmanuel
du Plessis, duc (s.a.)
Non-party
de Richelieu (2nd time)
14 Dec 1821 - 6 Dec 1827 Jean-Baptiste
Séraphin Joseph, (b. 1773 - d.
1854) Ult
comte de Villèle
(acting
to 4 Sep 1822)
6 Dec 1827 - 4 Jan 1828
Christophe André Jean, comte
(b. 1771 - d. 1836)
Ult
Chabrol de Crouzol (acting)
4 Jan 1828 - 8 Aug 1829
Jean-Baptiste Silvère
Gaye, (b. 1778
- d. 1832) Ult
vicomte de Martignac (acting)
8 Aug 1829 - 29 Jul 1830 Auguste
Jules Armand Marie,
(b. 1780 - d. 1847) Ult
prince de Polignac
(acting
to 17 Nov 1829)
29 Jul 1830 - 31 Jul 1830 Casimir Louis
Victurnien de
(b. 1787 - d. 1875) Non-party
Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart
Prime ministers4
1 Aug 1830 - 2 Nov 1830
Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure
(s.a.)
Lib
(1st time) (acting)
2 Nov 1830 - 13 Mar 1831 Jacques
Laffitte
(b. 1767 - d. 1844) PM
13 Mar 1831 - 16 May 1832 Casimir-Pierre
Périer
(s.a.)
Lib
16 May 1832 - 11 Oct 1832 Vacant
11 Oct 1832 - 18 Jul 1834 Nicolas Jean de
Dieu Soult, duc (b. 1769 - d. 1851)
Non-party
de
Dalmatie (1st time)
18 Jul 1834 - 29 Oct 1834 Étienne
Maurice, comte Gérard (b.
1773 - d. 1852) Non-party
29 Oct 1834 - 10 Nov 1834 Jean Charles Persil
(acting) (b. 1785 - d. 1870)
Lib
10 Nov 1834 - 18 Nov 1834 Hugues Bernard
Maret, duc de (s.a.)
Non-party
Bassano
18 Nov 1834 - 12 Mar 1835 Édouard Adolphe
Casimir Joseph (b. 1768 - d.
1835) Non-party
Mortier, duc de Treviso
12 Mar 1835 - 22 Feb 1836 Achille Charles
Léonce Victor,
(s.a.)
PM
duc de Broglie
22 Feb 1836 - 6 Sep 1836 Marie
Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers
(s.a.)
PM
(1st time)
6 Sep 1836 - 31 Mar 1839 Louis
Mathieu, comte
Molé
(b. 1781 - d. 1855) Orl
31 Mar 1839
Adrien Étienne Pierre, comte
(b. 1783 - d. 1862) PM
de Gasparin (acting)
31 Mar 1839 - 12 May 1839 Louis Gaspard Amédée
Girod de (b. 1781 - d.
1847) PM
l'Ain (acting)
12 May 1839 - 1 Mar 1840 Nicolas
Jean de Dieu Soult, duc (s.a.)
Non-party
de Dalmatie (2nd time)
1 Mar 1840 - 29 Oct 1840 Marie
Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers
(s.a.)
PM
(2nd time)
29 Oct 1840 - 19 Sep 1847 Nicolas Jean de
Dieu Soult, duc (s.a.)
Non-party
de Dalmatie (3rd time)
19 Sep 1847 - 24 Feb 1848 François Pierre
Guillaume Guizot (b. 1787 - d. 1874)
Con
24 Feb 1848 - 11 May 1848 Jacques Charles Dupont
de l'Eure (s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
11 May 1848 - 28 Jun 1848 Vacant
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eugène
Cavaignac
(s.a.)
Mod
20 Dec 1848 - 31 Oct 1849 Camille
Hyacinthe Odilon Barrot (b.
1791 - d. 1873) PO
31 Oct 1849 - 22 Jan 1852 Vacant
Ministers of State (Ministre d'État)
22 Jan 1852 - 30 Jul 1852 François Joseph Xavier,
comte (b. 1796 - d. 1888)
Bon
de Casabianca
30 Jul 1852 - 23 Nov 1860 Achille Marcus
Fould
(b. 1800 - d. 1867)
Bon
23 Nov 1860 - 23 Jun 1863 Florian Alexandre
Joseph, comte (b. 1810 - d. 1868)
Bon
Walewski
23 Jun 1863 - 13 Oct 1863 Auguste Adolphe Marie
Billault (b. 1805 - d. 1863)
Bon
13 Oct 1863 - 17 Jul 1869 Eugène Rouher
(b. 1814 - d. 1884)
Bon
(acting
to 8 Oct 1863)
Keepers of the Seals, Ministers of
Justice and Religious Affairs
(Gardes des sceaux, ministres de la
justice et des cultes)
17 Jul 1869 - 2 Jan 1870
Jean-Baptiste Duvergier
(b. 1792 - d. 1877)
Bon
2 Jan 1870 - 9 Aug
1870 Olivier Émile Ollivier
(b. 1825 - d.
1913) Bon
9 Aug 1870 - 4 Sep 1870
Charles Guillaume Cousin-Montauban,(b.
1796 - d. 1878) Bon
comte de Palikao
Prime ministers4
4 Sep 1870 - 2
Sep 1871 Vacant
2 Sep 1871 - 25 May 1873 Jules
Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
CD
(1st time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
25 May 1873 - 22 May 1874 Jacques Vicor
Albert, duc de (b. 1821 - d.
1901) CD
Broglie (1st time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
22 May 1874 - 10 Mar 1875 Ernest Louis
Octave Courtot de (b. 1810 - d.
1882) Non-party
Cissey
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
10 Mar 1875 - 23 Feb 1876 Louis Joseph
Buffet
(b. 1818 - d. 1898) CD
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
23 Feb 1876 - 12 Dec 1876 Jules Armand
Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
CD
(2nd time)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers to 9 Mar
1876)
12 Dec 1876 - 17 May 1877 Jules François
Simon Suisse, (b.
1814 - d. 1896) GRep
dit Simon
17 May 1877 - 23 Nov 1877 Jacques Victory
Albert, duc de
(s.a.)
CD
Broglie (2nd time)
23 Nov 1877 - 13 Dec 1877 Gaëtan de
Grimaudet de Rochebouët (b. 1813 - d.
1899) Non-party
13 Dec 1877 - 4 Feb 1879 Jules
Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(s.a.)
CD
(3rd time)
4 Feb 1879 - 28 Dec 1879 William
Henry
Waddington
(b. 1826 - d. 1894) CG
28 Dec 1879 - 23 Sep 1880 Charles Louis
de Saulces de
(b. 1828 - d. 1923) GRep
Freycinet (1st time)
23 Sep 1880 - 14 Nov 1881 Jules Ferry
(1st
time)
(b. 1832 - d. 1893) GRep
14 Nov 1881 - 30 Jan 1882 Léon Michel
Gambetta
(b. 1838 - d. 1882) UR
30 Jan 1882 - 7 Aug 1882 Charles
Louis de Saulces
de
(s.a.)
GRep
Freycinet (2nd time)
7 Aug 1882 - 29 Jan 1883 Charles
Théodore Eugène Duclerc (b. 1813 - d.
1888) GRep
29 Jan 1883 - 21 Feb 1883 Clément Armand
Fallières
(s.a.)
UD
21 Feb 1883 - 6 Apr 1885 Jules
Ferry (2nd
time)
(s.a.) GRep
6 Apr 1885 - 7 Jan 1886
Eugène Henri Brisson (1st time) (b.
1835 - d. 1912) UR
7 Jan 1886 - 11 Dec 1886 Charles
Louis de Saulces
de
(s.a.)
GRep
Freycinet (3rd time)
11 Dec 1886 - 30 May 1887 René Marie
Goblet
(b. 1828 - d. 1905) PRG
30 May 1887 - 12 Dec 1887 Pierre Maurice
Rouvier (1st time)
(s.a.)
UR
12 Dec 1887 - 3 Apr 1888 Pierre
Emmanuel Tirard (1st time) (b. 1827 - d.
1893) UR
3 Apr 1888 - 22 Feb 1889 Charles Thomas
Floquet
(b. 1828 - d. 1896) GRad
22 Feb 1889 - 17 Mar 1890 Pierre Emmanuel
Tirard (2nd time)
(s.a.)
UR
17 Mar 1890 - 27 Feb 1892 Charles Louis de
Saulces de
(s.a.)
GRep
Freycinet (4th time)
27 Feb 1892 - 6 Dec 1892 François
Émile
Loubet
(s.a.)
Rep
6 Dec 1892 - 4 Apr 1893
Alexandre Félix Joseph
Ribot (b. 1842 - d.
1923) Rep
(1st time)
4 Apr 1893 - 3 Dec 1893
Charles Alexandre Dupuy (1st time) (s.a.)
UR
3 Dec 1893 - 30 May 1894 Jean-Paul
Pierre Casimir-Périer (s.a.)
Rep
30 May 1894 - 26 Jan 1895 Charles
Alexandre Dupuy (2nd time) (s.a.)
UR
26 Jan 1895 - 1 Nov 1895 Alexandre
Félix Joseph Ribot
(s.a.)
Rep
(2nd time)
1 Nov 1895 - 29 Apr 1896 Léon
Victor Auguste Bourgeois
(b. 1851 - d. 1925) Soc
29 Apr 1896 - 28 Jun 1898 Félix Jules
Méline
(b. 1838 - d. 1925) PRG
28 Jun 1898 - 1 Nov 1898 Eugène
Henri Brisson (2nd time)
(s.a.)
UR
1 Nov 1898 - 22 Jun 1899 Charles
Alexandre Dupuy (3rd time) (s.a.)
PRG
22 Jun 1899 - 7 Jun 1902 Pierre
Marie René Ernest Waldeck- (b.
1846 - d. 1904) ARD
Rousseau
7 Jun 1902 - 24 Jan 1905 Émile
Justin Louis
Combes
(b. 1835 - d. 1921) RRS
24 Jan 1905 - 14 Mar 1906 Pierre Maurice
Rouvier (2nd time)
(s.a.)
ARD
14 Mar 1906 - 25 Oct 1906 Jean-Marie
Ferdinand Sarrien
(b. 1840 - d. 1915) RRS
25 Oct 1906 - 24 Jul 1909 Georges
Clemenceau (1st time) (b.
1841 - d. 1929) RRS
24 Jul 1909 - 2 Mar 1911 Aristide
Briand (1st
time)
(b. 1862 - d. 1932) PRS
2 Mar 1911 - 27 Jun 1911 Antoine
Emmanuel Ernest Monis (b.
1846 - d. 1929) RRS
27 Jun 1911 - 14 Jan 1912 Joseph Pierre
Marie Auguste
(b. 1863 - d. 1934) RRS
Caillaux
14 Jan 1912 - 21 Jan 1913 Raymond Nicolas
Landry Poincaré
(s.a.)
PRD
(1st time)
21 Jan 1913 - 22 Mar 1913 Aristide Briand
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
PRS
22 Mar 1913 - 9 Dec 1913 Jean Louis
Barthou
(b. 1862 - d. 1934) GRad
9 Dec 1913 - 9 Jun 1914
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue
(s.a.)
RRS
(1st time)
9 Jun 1914 - 13 Jun 1914 Alexandre
Félix Joseph Ribot
(s.a.)
PRG
(3rd time)
13 Jun 1914 - 29 Oct 1915 Jean Raphaël
Adrien René Viviani (b. 1863 - d.
1925) PRS
(at Bordeaux 3 Sep - 8 Dec 1914)
29 Oct 1915 - 20 Mar 1917 Aristide Briand (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
PRS
20 Mar 1917 - 12 Sep 1917 Alexandre Félix
Joseph Ribot
(s.a.)
ARD
(4th time)
12 Sep 1917 - 16 Nov 1917 Paul Prudent
Painlevé (1st time) (b. 1863 - d.
1933) PRS
16 Nov 1917 - 20 Jan 1920 Georges
Clemenceau (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRS
20 Jan 1920 - 24 Sep 1920 Étienne
Alexandre
Millerand
(s.a.)
Ind + BN
24 Sep 1920 - 16 Jan 1921 Jean-Claude
Georges
Leygues (b.
1857 - d. 1933) PRDS + BN
16 Jan 1921 - 15 Jan 1922 Aristide Briand
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
PRS
15 Jan 1922 - 9 Jun 1924 Raymond
Nicolas Landry Poincaré
(s.a.)
PRDS + BN
(2nd time)
9 Jun 1924 - 14 Jun 1924 Frédéric
François-Marsal
(s.a.)
FR + BN
14 Jun 1924 - 17 Apr 1925 Marie Édouard Herriot
(1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1957) RRS
+ CdG
17 Apr 1925 - 28 Nov 1925 Paul Prudent
Painlevé (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PRS + CdG
28 Nov 1925 - 19 Jul 1926 Aristide Briand (5th
time)
(s.a.)
PRS + CdG
19 Jul 1926 - 23 Jul 1926 Marie Édouard Herriot
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRS + CdG
23 Jul 1926 - 29 Jul 1929 Raymond Nicolas Landry
Poincaré
(s.a.)
AD
(3rd time)
29 Jul 1929 - 3 Nov 1929 Aristide
Briand (6th
time)
(s.a.)
PRS
3 Nov 1929 - 21 Feb 1930 André
Pierre Gabriel
Amédée
(s.a.)
AD
Tardieu (1st time)
21 Feb 1930 - 2 Mar 1930 Gabriel
Camille Chautemps
(b. 1885 - d. 1963) RRS
(1st time)
2 Mar 1930 - 13 Dec 1930 André
Pierre Gabriel
Amédée
(s.a.)
AD
Tardieu (2nd time)
13 Dec 1930 - 27 Jan 1931 Jules Joseph
Théodore Steeg
(b. 1868 - d. 1950) RRS
27 Jan 1931 - 20 Feb 1932 Pierre
Jean-Marie Laval (1st time) (b. 1883 - d.
1945) Non-party
20 Feb 1932 - 3 Jun 1932 André
Pierre Gabriel
Amédée
(s.a.)
AD
Tardieu (3rd time)
3 Jun 1932 - 18 Dec 1932 Marie
Édouard Herriot (3rd time)
(s.a.)
RRS + CdG
18 Dec 1932 - 31 Jan 1933 Augustin Alfred Joseph
Boncour, (b. 1873 - d.
1972) PRS + CdG
dit Paul-Boncour
31 Jan 1933 - 26 Oct 1933 Édouard
Daladier (1st
time) (b. 1884
- d. 1970) RRRS + CdG
26 Oct 1933 - 26 Nov 1933 Albert Pierre Sarraut
(1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1962) RRS +
CdG
26 Nov 1933 - 30 Jan 1934 Gabriel
Camille Chautemps
(s.a.)
RRS + CdG
(2nd time)
30 Jan 1934 - 9 Feb 1934 Édouard Daladier
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRS + CdG
9 Feb 1934 - 8 Nov 1934
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue
(s.a.)
RRS
(2nd time)
8 Nov 1934 - 1 Jun 1935
Pierre Étienne
Flandin
(b. 1889 - d. 1958) AD
1 Jun 1935 - 7 Jun 1935
Fernand Émile Honoré Bouisson
(b. 1874 - d. 1959) PRS
7 Jun 1935 - 24 Jan 1936 Pierre
Jean-Marie Laval (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
24 Jan 1936 - 4 Jun 1936 Albert Pierre
Sarraut (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RRS
4 Jun 1936 - 22 Jun 1937 Léon André
Blum (1st
time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1950) SFIO + FP
22 Jun 1937 - 13 Mar 1938 Gabriel
Camille Chautemps
(s.a.)
RRS + FP
(3rd time)
13 Mar 1938 - 10 Apr 1938 Léon André Blum (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
SFIO + FP
10 Apr 1938 - 21 Mar 1940 Édouard
Daladier (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
RRS
21 Mar 1940 - 16 Jun 1940 Paul Jean
Reynaud
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) AD
(at Tours 10-14 Jun 1940, then Bordeaux)
16 Jun 1940 - 18 Apr 1942 Henri Philippe Pétain
(s.a.)
Mil/
(at Bordeaux to 1 Jul 1940, then
Vichy)
Non-party
- vice premiers acting for Pétain -
12 Jul 1940 - 13 Dec 1940 Pierre Jean
Marie
Laval
(s.a.)
Non-party
13 Dec 1940 - 10 Feb 1941 Pierre Étienne
Flandin
(s.a.)
AD
10 Feb 1941 - 18 Apr 1942 Jean Louis
Xavier François Darlan (b. 1881 - d. 1942)
Mil
Chiefs of government (Chef du
Gouvernement)
18 Apr 1942 - 22 Aug 1944 Pierre Jean Marie
Laval
(s.a.)
Non-party
(in Belfort exile from 19 Aug 1944)
1 Sep 1944 - 23 Apr 1945 Marie
Fernand de Brinon (acting) (b. 1885 - d.
1947) Non-party
(president of French Governmental Commission
for the Defense of National Interests;
in Sigmaringen, Germany exile)
Chairmen of the National Committee of the Free French
(in dissidence; in London exile, from 3 Jun
1943 in Algiers)
24 Sep 1941 - 3 Jun 1943 Charles de
Gaulle (1st time)
(s.a.)
Mil
(leader of the Free French from 18 Jun 1940)
3 Jun 1943 - 9 Nov 1943 Charles de
Gaulle (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
+ Henri Honoré
Giraud
(b. 1879 - d. 1949) Mil
9 Nov 1943 - 3 Jun 1944
Charles de Gaulle (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
3 Jun 1944 - 26 Jan
1946 Charles de
Gaulle
(s.a.)
Mil/Non-party
(in Algiers, from 14 Jun 1944 in
France)
26 Jan 1946 - 24 Jun 1946 Félix
Gouin
(b. 1884 - d. 1977) SFIO
24 Jun 1946 - 16 Dec
1946 Georges
Bidault
(b. 1899 - d. 1983) MRP
16 Dec 1946 - 16 Jan
1947 Léon André
Blum
(s.a.)
SFIO
Prime ministers4
22 Jan 1947 - 24 Nov
1947 Paul
Ramadier
(b. 1888 - d. 1961) SFIO
24 Nov 1947 - 24 Jul
1948 Robert Schuman (1st
time)
(b. 1886 - d. 1963) MRP + TF
24 Jul 1948 - 2 Sep
1948 André
Marie
(b. 1897 - d. 1974) RRS + TF
2 Sep 1948 - 11 Sep 1948 Robert
Schuman (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
MRP + TF
11 Sep 1948 - 28 Oct 1949 Henri Queuille
(1st
time)
(b. 1884 - d. 1970) RRS + TF
28 Oct 1949 - 2 Jul 1950 Georges
Bidault
(s.a.)
MRP + TF
2 Jul 1950 - 12 Jul 1950 Henri
Queuille (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
RRS + TF
12 Jul 1950 - 10 Mar 1951 René Pleven
(1st
time)
(b. 1901 - d. 1993) UDSR + TF
10 Mar 1951 - 11 Aug 1951 Henri Queuille
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
RRS + TF
11 Aug 1951 - 20 Jan 1952 René Pleven
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
UDSR
20 Jan 1952 - 8 Mar 1952 Edgar
Faure (1st
time)
(b. 1908 - d. 1988) RRS
8 Mar 1952 - 8 Jan 1953
Antoine
Pinay
(b. 1891 - d. 1994) CNIP
8 Jan 1953 - 28 Jun 1953 René
Mayer
(b. 1895 - d. 1972) Rad
28 Jun 1953 - 19 Jun 1954 Joseph Henri
Eugène
Laniel
(b. 1889 - d. 1975) CNIP
19 Jun 1954 - 17 Feb 1955 Pierre
Mendès-France
(b. 1907 - d. 1982) RRS
17 Feb 1955 - 23 Feb 1955 Christian
Pineau
(acting)
(b. 1904 - d. 1995) RRS
23 Feb 1955 - 1 Feb 1956 Edgar
Faure (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
RRS
1 Feb 1956 - 13 Jun 1957 Alcide Guy
Mollet
(b. 1905 - d. 1975) SFIO
13 Jun 1957 - 6 Nov 1957 Maurice
Jean-Marie Bourgès Maunoury(b. 1914 - d. 1993) RRS
6 Nov 1957 - 14 May 1958 Félix
Gaillard
(b. 1919 - d. 1970) RRS
14 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 Pierre
Pflimlin
(b. 1907 - d. 2000) MRP
1 Jun 1958 - 8 Jan 1959
Charles de
Gaulle
(s.a.)
UNR
8 Jan 1959 - 14 Apr 1962 Michel
Jean-Pierre
Debré
(b. 1912 - d. 1996) UNR
14 Apr 1962 - 10 Jul 1968 Georges Jean
Raymond Pompidou
(s.a.)
UNR
10 Jul 1968 - 20 Jun 1969 Maurice Jacques
Couve de Murville (b. 1907 - d. 1999) UDR
20 Jun 1969 - 5 Jul 1972 Jacques
Pierre Michel Chaban-Delmas(b. 1915 - d. 2000) UDR
5 Jul 1972 - 27 May 1974 Pierre
Auguste Joseph Messmer (b.
1916 - d. 2007) UDR
27 May 1974 - 25 Aug 1976 Jacques René
Chirac (1st time)
(s.a.)
UDR
25 Aug 1976 - 21 May 1981 Raymond Octave
Joseph Barre
(b. 1924 - d. 2007) UDF
21 May 1981 - 17 Jul 1984 Pierre
Mauroy
(b. 1928 - d. 2013) PS
17 Jul 1984 - 20 Mar 1986 Laurent
Fabius
(b.
1946)
PS
20 Mar 1986 - 10 May 1988 Jacques René
Chirac (2nd time)
(s.a.)
RPR
10 May 1988 - 15 May 1991 Michel Louis
Léon
Rocard
(b. 1930 - d. 2016) PS
15 May 1991 - 2 Apr 1992 Édith
Campion Cresson (f)
(b.
1934)
PS
2 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 Pierre
Eugène Bérégovoy
(b. 1925 - d. 1993) PS
29 Mar 1993 - 17 May 1995 Édouard
Balladur
(b.
1929)
RPR
17 May 1995 - 2 Jun 1997 Alain Marie
Juppé
(b.
1945)
RPR
2 Jun 1997 - 6 May 2002
Lionel Robert
Jospin
(b.
1937)
PS
6 May 2002 - 31 May 2005 Jean-Pierre
Raffarin
(b.
1948)
DL;2002 UMP
31 May 2005 - 17 May 2007 Dominique Marie
François René (b.
1953)
UMP
Galouzeau de Villepin
17 May 2007 - 15 May 2012 François
Charles Amand Fillon (b.
1954)
UMP
15 May 2012 - 31 Mar 2014 Jean-Marc Ayrault
(b. 1950) PS
31 Mar 2014 - 6 Dec 2016 Manuel Carlos Valls
Galfetti (b.
1962)
PS
6 Dec 2016 - 15 May 2017 Bernard Guy Georges
Cazeneuve (b.
1963)
PS
15 May 2017 - 3 Jul 2020 Édouard Charles
Philippe
(b.
1970)
Ind
3 Jul 2020 - 16 May 2022 Jean Castex
(b.
1965)
LREM
16 May 2022 - 9 Jan 2024
Élisabeth Borne (f)
(b.
1961)
LREM;9-22 RE
9 Jan 2024 - 5 Sep 2024 Gabriel Nissim
Attal de Couriss (b.
1989)
RE
5 Sep 2024
-
Michel Jean
Barnier
(b.
1951)
RE
(a) 987 - 3 Aug 1108 (in Latin): Dei gratia Francorum Rex ("by the Grace of God, King of the Franks [France]");
(b) 3 Aug 1108 - 2 Aug 1589: Par la grâce de Dieu Roi de France/Dei Gratia Francorum Rex
("By the grace of God, King of France");
(c) 2 Aug 1589 - 14 Sep 1791: Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre/Dei Gratia Francorum et Navarrae Rex ("By the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre"); and in dissidence 21 Nov 1589 - 9 May 1590 (Charles X): Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France/Dei Gratia Francorum Rex ("By the Grace of God, King of France");
(d) 14 Sep 1791 - 21 Sep 1792: Par la grâce de Dieu, et par la loi constitutionnelle de l'Etat, Roi des Français ("By the grace of God, and by the Constitutional Law of the State, King of the French");
(e) 18 May 1804 - 1 Jan 1809: Par la grâce de Dieu et les Constitutions de la République, Empereur des Français ("By the grace of God and the Constitutions of the Republic, Emperor of the French"); Napoléon was also styled: 26 Jan 1802 - 19 Mar 1805 Presidente della Repubblica Italiana ("President of the Italian Republic"); from 18 Mar 1805, Roi d'Italie/Re d'Italia ("King of Italy"); from 25 Jul 1806, Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin ("Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine"); and from Oct 1809, Médiateur de la Confédération Suisse ("Mediator of the Swiss Confederation");
(f) 1 Jan 1809 - 11 Apr 1814: Par la grâce de Dieu et les Constitutions de l'Empire, Empereur des Français, Roi d'Italie, Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin, (from Oct 1809) Médiateur de la Confédération Suisse, &c., &c., &c. ("By the grace of God and the Constitutions of the Empire, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, [from Oct 1809] Mediator of the Swiss Confederation, etc., etc, etc.");
(g) 2 May 1814 - 20 Mar 1815, 8 Jul 1815 - 2 Aug 1830: Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre ("By the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre");
(h) 1 Mar 1815 - 7 Jul 1815: Par la grâce de Dieu et les Constitutions de l'Empire, Empereur des Français ("By the Grace of God and Constitutions of the Empire, Emperor of the French");
(i) 9 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848: Roi des Français ("King of the French");
(j) 1 Dec 1851 - 4 Sep 1870: Par la grâce de Dieu et la volonté nationale, Empereur des Français ("By the grace of God and the Will of the Nation, Emperor of the French").
²Having been deposed de facto by the July revolution and having fled the capital, on 2 Aug 1830, King Charles X (s.a.) formally abdicated in writing, bypassing his son the heir (dauphin) Louis-Antoine d'Artois, petit-fils de France, duc d'Angoulême (b. 1775 - d. 1844) (a prospective "Louis XIX") in favor of his grandson, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, petit-fils de France, duc de Bourdeaux (b. 1820 - d. 1883) as presumptive "Henri V." The duc d'Angoulême accepted this decision by countersigning the letter of abdication after about 20 minutes of deliberations. Neither the duc d'Angoulême nor the duc de Bourdeaux were regarded, proclaimed, installed or recorded as king. Instead the parliament declared the throne vacant (7 Aug 1830) and subsequently raised the regent, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, duc d'Orléans (s.a.), to the royal office on 9 Aug 1830.
3On 9 Apr 1794, Philibert Buchot (b. 1751 - d. 1813) Mont, acting for Herman, chaired the last official meeting of the Provisional Executive Council.
4The
term Prime minister (Premier ministre)
was only introduced in the constitution of the "Fifth
Republic" that went into effect 8 Jan 1959. Previously
the principal minister was called Président
du Conseil des Ministres (President of
the Council of Ministers)(9 Jul 1815 - 1 Aug 1830, 22
Jan 1947 - 8 Jan 1959); Président du
Conseil (President of the Council)(1
Aug 1830 - 31 Oct 1849, 8 Mar 1876 - 18 Apr
1942); Ministre d'État
(Minister of State)(31 Oct 1849 - 17 Jul 1869); Vice-Président
du Conseil (Vice President of the
Council)(2 Sep 1871 - 9 Mar 1876); Chef
du Gouvernement (Chief of the
Government)(18 Apr 1942 - 22 Aug 1944); and Président
du Gouvernement Provisoire (President of
the Provisional Government)(3 Jun 1944 - 22 Jan 1947);
although (a) there was no such position mentioned in the
constitution, and (b) the formal Conseil
des Ministres was (as it continues to be)
chaired by the president of the republic, the Président
du Conseil chairing only the (technically
informal) Conseil de cabinet.
French Revolutionary Calendar Note:
The French Republican calendar was imposed on France by
Law on 5 Oct 1793. Dates were calculated from the Autumn
Equinox. 22 Sep 1792, which became the first day of An
I ("Year 1"). The standard year was split into 12 thirty
day months with five (or six) additional days (depending
on leap years). The thirty day months were named by the
distinguished poet Fabre d'Eglantine, each month having
its own appropriate symbolism,
three months were assigned to each season: The
autumn months were named Vendémiaire
("month of vintage"), Brumaire
("month of fog, mist"), and Frimaire
("month of frost"); the winter months, Nivose
("month of snow"), Pluviose
("month of rain"), and Ventose
("month of wind"); the spring months, Germinal
("month of seed, budding"), Floréal
("month of blossoms"), and Prairial
("month of meadow"); and the summer months, Messidor
("month of harvest"), Thermidor
("month of heat"), and Fructidor
("month of fruits"). Each of these months was subdivided
into three décades of ten
days: Primidi, Duodi, Tridi, Quartidi,
Qunintidi, Sextidi, Septidi, Octidi, Nonidi,
and Decadi the day of rest. The
five (or six) days remaining at the end of the year were
designated national holidays or san
culottides: jour de la vertu
("virtue day"), jour du génie
("genius day"), jour du labour ("labor
day"), jour da la raison
("reason day"), jour de la récompense
("reward day"), and jour de la révolution
("revolution day") on leap years. For
obvious reasons, the calendar was unwieldy, impractical,
and unpopular. Reforms were proposed, but instead
Napoleon ordered the re-introduction of the traditional
Gregorian calendar on 1 Jan 1806, thus condemning to
death the Revolutionary calendar on 10 Nivose
XIV.
Noble titles: chevalier =
knight; comte/comtesse =
count/countess; duc/duchesse =
duke/duchess; empereur/impératrice =
emperor/empress; roi/reine = king/queen;
marquis/marquise =
marquess/marchioness; prince/princesse =
prince/princess; seigneur/seigneuresse = lord/lady;
viscomte/vicomtesse = viscount/viscountess.
Ecclesiastical titles: abbé =
abbot; archevêque = archbishop; cardinal
= cardinal; evêque = bishop.
Territorial Disputes: Madagascar
claims Bassas
da India, Europa Island,
Glorioso Islands,
Juan de Nova
Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius
claims Tromelin
Island; Comoros and
Madagascar dispute France's claim to Banc du Geyser, a
drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; Matthew
and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia
claimed by France and Vanuatu; territorial dispute
between Suriname and the French overseas department of
French Guiana; territorial claim in Antarctica (Terre Adelie)
since 1924 is not recognized by the United
Nations, U.S., Russia, or by most other countries (other
than Australia, New Zealand, Norway and U.K.).
Commander-in-chief of the Allied Army of
Occupation (from Oct 1815, at Cambrai)
7 Jul 1815 - 20 Nov 1818 Sir
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of
(b. 1769 - d. 1852)
Wellington, Baron Douro of Wellesley
and
Viscount Wellington of
Talavera,
and of Wellington in the
County of
Somerset
(U.K.)
Commander of the Austrian Occupation-Corps in France
(at Colmar)
Oct 1815 - 20 Nov 1818 Johann
Maria Philipp Freiherr (b. 1759 - d.
1831)
Frimont von Palota
Commander-in-chief, Prussian Army of
Occupation in France (at Sedan)
3 Oct 1815 - 20 Nov 1818 Hans
Ernst Karl von Zieten (b.
1770 - d. 1848)
(from 3 Sep 1817, Hans Ernst
Karl Graf von Zieten)
Commander of the Russian Occupation
Corps (at Maubeuge)
1815 - 20 Nov 1818
Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
(b. 1782 - d. 1856)
Commander of the Danish Occupation Army (at
Bouchain)
22 Oct 1815 - 20 Nov 1818 Landgraf Friedrich von
Hessen- (b. 1771 – d. 1845)
Cassel
Saxon Commander (at Tourcoing)
1815 - 1818
Heinrich Adolph von
Gablenz (b.
1762 - d. 1843)
Württemburg Commanders (at Wissembourg)
1815 -
1816
Freiherr August Friedrich Wilhelm (b. 1763 - d.
1839)
von Wöllwarth zu Lauterburg
1816 - 1818
Johann Georg Graf von
Scheler (b. 1770 - d.1826)
Hanoverian Commanders (at Condé-sur-l'Escaut)
1815 - 1816
Sir James Frederick
Lyon
(b. 1775 - d. 1842)
1816 - 1818
Carl August Graf von Alten
(b. 1764 - d. 1840)
Commander of the Royal Bavarian III Army Division
(at Pont-á-Mousson)
1815 - 1818
Peter von La Motte
(b. 1765 - d.
1837)
(from 24 Jun 1817, Peter Freiherr von La Motte)
Allied Council of Ambassadors
22 Oct 1815 - 20 Nov 1818 Sir Charles Stuart
(U.K.)
(b. 1779 - d. 1845)
+ Nikolaus Karl Freiherr von (b.
1757 - d. 1834)
Vincent (Austria)
+ Karl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von (b. 1775 - d. 1822)
der Goltz (Prussia)
+ Karl Andreyevich Potstso di Borgo(b. 1764 - d. 1842)
(from 15 Jan 1816, Graf Karl Andreyevich Potstso di
Borgo)
(= Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo)
(Russia)
Prussian/German Occupation (1870-1873)
German Commander-in-chief of the Third Army (Oberbefehlshaber
der III. Armee)
5 Sep 1870 - 27 Sep 1870 Friedrich
Wilhelm Nikolaus Carl (b. 1831 - d. 1888)
Kronprinz von Preussen
Governors-general at Rheims (General-Gouverneur
zu Rheims)
27 Sep 1870 - 10 Jan 1871 Friedrich Franz
II Grossherzog von (b. 1823 - d. 1883)
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
22 Oct 1870 - Mar 1871 Adolph
Louis von Rosenberg- (b. 1808
- d. 1884)
Gruszczynski (acting for Herzog von
Mecklenburg-Schwerin to 10 Jan 1871)
Civil Commissars at Rheims (Civil-Commissare zu
Rheims)
27 Sep 1870 - Mar 1871 Carl Adalbert
Constanz Heinrich (b. 1820 - d. 1890)
Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
27 Sep 1870 - Jan 1871 Carl Graf von
Tauffkirchen zu (b. 1826 - d.
1895)
Guttenburg
Governor-general at Versailles
(General-Gouverneur zu Versailles)
6 Jan 1871 - 12 Mar 1871 Georg
Friedrich Alfred von Fabrice (b. 1818 - d. 1891)
Civil
Commissar at Versailles
(Civil-Commissar
zu Versailles)
14 Jan 1871 - 12 Mar 1871 Oswald Graf von
Nostitz-Wallwitz (b. 1830 - d. 1885)
Commander-in-chief, Army of Occupation in France
(in Compiègne; from 14 Sep 1871, Nancy)
(Oberbefehlshaber der Occupationsarmee in Frankreich)
Mar 1871 - 16 Sep 1873
Edwin Karl Rochus Freiherr
von (b. 1809 - d. 1885)
Manteuffel
(commander of 2nd Army to Jun 1871)
German Occupation (1914-1918)
German Commanders-in-chief of the 1st and 2nd
Armies (northern part of the front)
24 Aug 1914 - 28 Mar
1915 Alexander von
Kluck
(b. 1846 - d. 1934)
28 Mar 1915 - 17 Sep
1915 Maximilian von
Fabeck
(b. 1854 - d. 1916)
27 Aug 1914 - 4 Apr
1915 Karl Wilhelm Paul von
Bülow (b. 1846
- d. 1921)
4 Apr 1915
- 19 Jul 1916 Friedrich von
Below
(b. 1853 - d. 1918)
19 Jul 1916 - 28 Aug
1916 Maximilian von Gallwitz zu
Dreyling
(b. 1852 - d. 1937)
Commanders-in-chief of
the 1st and 2nd German Army Groups
28 Aug 1916 - 21 Nov
1918 Rupprecht von
Bayern
(b. 1869 - d. 1955)
6 Aug 1918
- 31 Oct 1918 Max von
Böhn
(b. 1850 - d. 1921)
Commanders-in-chief of
the 3rd thru 5th and 7th Armies (central part of
the front)
Aug 1914 - 12 Sep
1914 Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr
von
Hausen
(b. 1846 - d. 1922)
12 Sep 1914 - 26 Sep
1915 Karl von Einem, gen.
Rothmaler (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
Aug 1914 - 26 Sep
1915 Albrecht Maria Alexander
Herzog
von
Württemberg
(b. 1865 - d. 1939)
Aug 1914 - 26 Sep
1915 Friedrich Wilhelm Kronprinz
des (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
Deutschen
Reiches und von Preussen
1914 - 26 Sep
1915
Josias Oskar von
Heeringen
(b. 1850 - d. 1926)
Commanders-in-chief of
the 3rd thru 5th and 7th
German Army Groups
26 Sep 1915 - 11 Sep
1918 Friedrich Wilhelm Kronprinz
des (s.a.)
Deutschen Reiches und von Preussen
1 Jan 1918
- 6 Dec 1918 Maximilian von Gallwitz
zu
Dreyling
(s.a.)
- Southern part of front line 1914-1918: no
territorial gains, only consisted of 6th army -
Axis Occupation (1940-1945)
Commander-in-chief of the German Army
10 May 1940 - 25 Oct 1940 Heinrich Alfred
Hermann Walther (b. 1881 - d. 1948)
von Brauchitsch
Military Governor
of Northern France
9 Jun 1940 - 30 Jun 1940 Johannes
Albrecht Blaskowitz
(b. 1883 - d. 1948)
Military Commanders in France (Militärbefehlshaber
Frankreich)(in Paris to 25 Aug 1944)
25 Oct 1940 - 20 Feb 1942 Otto von
Stülpnagel
(b. 1878 - d. 1948)
20 Feb 1942 - 20 Jul 1944 Karl Heinrich
von Stülpnagel (b.
1886 - d. 1944)
21 Jul 1944 - 26 Aug 1944 Karl
Kitzinger
(b. 1886 - d. 1962)
26 Aug 1944 - 4 Sep 1944 Otto
Moritz Walter
Model
(b. 1891 - d. 1945)
5 Sep 1944 - 9
Mar 1945 Karl Rudolf Gerd von
Runstedt (b. 1875 - d.
1953)
German Commanders of the Army Area Southern France
(Kommandant des Heeresgebiet Südfrankreich)(in
Lyon)
(subordinated to the German Military Commanders
in France)
11 Nov 1942 - 15 Dec 1942 Alexander Freiherr von
Neubronn (b. 1877 - d. 1949)
von Eisenburg
15 Dec 1942 - 10 Jun 1944 Heinrich
Niehoff
(b. 1882 - d. 1946)
10 Jun 1944 - 30 Jul 1944 Theodor Geib
(b. 1885 - d. 1944)
1 Aug 1944 - 5 Aug 1944 Edgar
Theissen
(b. 1890 - d. 1968)
5 Aug 1944 - 2 Sep 1944 Ernst
Dehner
(b. 1889 - d. 1970)
Chief of the Military
Administration France (Chef der
Militärverwaltung Frankreich)
27 Jun 1940 - 25 Oct 1940 Alfred
Streccius
(b. 1874 - d. 1944)
Chiefs of the Administrative Staff of the Military
Commander in France
(Chef der Verwaltungsstab beim Militärbefehlshaber in
Frankreich)
25 Oct 1940 - 1 Aug 1942 Jonathan
Schmid
(b. 1888 - d. 1945) NSDAP
10 Jun 1942 - 8 Apr 1943 Elmar
Michel
(b. 1897 - d. 1977) NSDAP
(acting for Schmid to 1 Aug 1942)
Chief of the Economic Section of the German Military
Administration in France
(Chef der Wirtschaftsabteilung der deutschen
Militärverwaltung für das besetzte Frankreich)
8 Apr 1943 - 4 Sep 1944
Elmar
Michel
(s.a.)
NSDAP
(in 4 Alpine départements [and from 12 Nov 1942, 8 départements west of Rhone River])
20 Jun 1940 - 29 Nov 1940 Alfredo Guzzoni (b. 1877 - d. 1965)
10 Dec 1940 - 5 Apr 1941 Mario Caracciolo di Feroleto (b. 1880 - d. 1954)
May 1941 - 9 Sep 1943 Mario Vercellino (b. 1879 - d. 1961)
-
-
![[German Empire
1870-1919 (Germany)]](de1871.gif "[German Empire
1870-1919 (Germany)]")
- 10 May 1871 - 21 Nov 1918
-
- 25 Jun 1912 - Nov 1918 Local Flag
-
Royalist Resistance 1793-1800
![[The French Royal
Standard, 1632-1790]](fr_roys.gif "[The French Royal
Standard, 1632-1790]")
Aug 1792 - Apr
1795 First "Chouannerie"
(Chouan royalist rebellion) in
Brittany, Normandy and Maine provinces north of
the Loire River.
11 Mar 1793 - 24 Apr 1794 Rebellion in
the Vendée region, part of Brittany
Poitou, and Anjou provinces south of the Loire River;
civil matters were handled by the "Grand Superior
Council
of Military Vendée"
24 Apr
1794
Rebellion declines in importance, but Stofflet
remained
the major military chief until 2 May 1795.
24 Mar 1795 - Jul 1796
Second "Chouannerie"
25 Apr 1795 - 20 Jul 1795 French Émigré
forces occupy Quiberon in Brittany.
2 Oct 1795 - 18 Nov 1795 French Émigré
forces occupy the Île-d'Yeu.
16 Oct 1799 - 15 Feb 1800 Third "Chouannerie"
Généralissimes of the Catholic and Royal
Army
12 Jun 1793 - 14 Jul 1793 Jacques
Cathelineau
(b. 1759 - d. 1793)
15 Jul 1793 - 17 Oct 1793 Maurice
Joseph Louis Gigost
(b. 1752 - d. 1794)
d'Elbée
20 Oct 1793 - 29 Jan 1792 Henri du
Vergier, comte de La (b. 1772
- d. 1794)
Rochejaquelein
29 Jan 1794 - 24 Apr 1794 Jean Nicolas
Stofflet (acting) (b. 1751 - d.
1796)
Presidents of the Grand Superior Council
of Military Vendée
26 May 1793 - 5 Jan 1794 Gabriel
Pierre-François
Jean (b. 1760 - d.
1794)
Louis Guillot de Folleville, dit
évêque d'Agra (honorary leader)
26 May 1793 - 8 Jan 1794 Guy
Joseph de Donnissan, marquis (b. 1737
- d. 1794)
de Citran
(also governor of the occupied lands)
Commander of the Army of Lower
Poitou
(acted sometimes in alliance with Grand Army)
14 Mar 1793 - 17 Feb 1795 François
Athanase Charette de (b. 1763 - d.
1796)
La Contrie (1st time)
26 Jun 1795 - 25 Mar 1796 François
Athanase Charette de (s.a.)
La Contrie (2nd time)
Lieutenant general of the King (on
Île-d'Yeu)
2 Oct 1795 - 18 Nov 1795
Charles-Philippe de
France, (b.
1757 - d. 1836)
comte d'Artois
- the "Chouannerie":
Presidents of the General Council of Brittany
12 Aug 1794 - Sep 1794
Joseph-Geneviève, comte de
(b. 1755 -
d. 1827)
Puisaye
Sep 1794 - 20 Apr 1795 Pierre
Marie Félicité Dezoteux, (b. 1753 -
d. 1812)
baron de Cormatin (acting)
Commandants (at Quiberon)
25 Jun 1795 - 20 Jul 1795 Joseph Geneviève,
comte de
(b. 1755 - d. 1827)
Puisaye
+ Louis Charles Le Cat, comte (b.
1756 - d. 1795)
d'Hervilly
General in chief of Morbihan (in southern
Brittany)
Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1796 Georges
Cadoudal (1st
time) (b.
1771 - d. 1804)
26 Oct 1799 - 12 Feb 1800 Georges Cadoudal (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(led failed revolt 21 Aug 1803 - 9 Mar 1804)
Leader of the Revolt in Normandy
Jun 1795 - 6 Jul 1796
Marie Pierre Louis de Frotté
(b. 1766 - d. 1800)
(1st time)
16 Oct 1799 - 15 Feb 1800 Marie
Pierre Louis de Frotté
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen)
|
|
![[Elsass-Lothringen
Reichsland flag 1912-1918 (Germany)]](fr-al-up.gif "[Elsass-Lothringen Reichsland flag
1912-1918 (Germany)]") |
| Map
of Elsass- Lothringen (1871-1918) |
Capital: Strassburg (Strasbourg) (Alsace: Hagenau 7 Aug - 8 Oct 1870, Strassburg 8 Oct 1870 - 1871; Lorraine: Nantzig [Nancy] 14 Aug 1870 - 28 Mar 1871) |
Land Anthem "Elsässisches Fahnenlied" (Alsatian Flag's Song) (1911-1918) ---------------------------------- Constitutions (1873, 1879, 1911) |
Population: 1,874,014 (1910); 1,709,749 (1921); 1,915,627 (1936); 1,767,131 (1946) |
| Ethnic groups: German 85%, French 12%, Jewish 2%, other 1% (1900) | Religions: Roman Catholic 76%, Protestant 22%, Jewish 2% (1900) | ||
- 7 Aug 1870 German Third Army occupies Hagenau.
- 14 Aug 1870 German Third Army occupies Meurthe-et-Moselle.
- Aug
1870
Germans occupy Meuse and
Haute-Marne.
- 29 Aug 1870 German Government-general in Lorraine [Generalgouvernement in
-
Lothringen] established (dissolved 28
Mar 1871) and on
- 30 Aug 1870 the Government-general in Alsace [Generalgouvernement
-
im Elsass]
established.
14 Sep 1870 Germans occupy Colmar. - 23 Sep
1870
Toul (having been besieged since 12
Sep 1870) capitulates.
- 28 Sep 1870
Strasbourg (having been
besieged since 15 Aug 1870) capitulates.
- 13 Oct
1870
Germans occupy Vosges (and from 18
Oct 1870 Haute-Saone).
- 29 Oct
1870
Metz (having been besieged since 19
Aug 1870) capitulates.
- 9 Nov
1870
Verdun (having been besieged since 8 Oct 1807)
capitulates.
25 Nov 1870 Thionville (having been besieged since 10 Nov 1870) capitulates.
- 18 Feb 1871 Belfort (having been besieged since 11 Nov 1870) capitulates.
- 10 May
1871
By Treaty of Frankfurt, Bas-Rhin département
and parts of
Haut-Rhin, Meurthe, Moselle and Vosges ceded to Germany.
4 Aug 1879 Alsace-Lorraine a Reichsland (imperial territory) of the
German Empire; directly subordinated to the Emperor
-
(Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen).
31 May 1911 Limited autonomy granted.
Aug 1914 - Nov 1918 France occupies parts of the Bezirk Ober-Elsass (valleys of the
-
Thru and the Doller Rivers
between the frontier and Mulhouse).
- 11 Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1918
Workers' and Soldiers' Council of Strasbourg attempt
to take
-
power in the city in
rebellion.
11-17 Nov 1918 German military forces evacuate Alsace-Lorraine. - 12 Nov
1918
National Council (Nationalrat)
of Alsace-Lorraine takes over all
of the functions of the Statthalter and of the Secretary of
State and proclaims the sovereignty of Alsace-Lorraine. - 22 Nov 1918 French forces arrive in Strassburg/Strasbourg (Mülhausen/Mulhouse
- occupied on 17 Nov 1918, Metz and Colmar on 19 Nov 1918). France
-
assumes administration of Alsace-Lorraine.
5 Dec 1918 National Council of Alsace-Lorraine proclaims the return to
- France (ratified by Treaty of Versailles on 10 Jan 1920).
- 15 Oct 1925 Alsace-Lorraine fully reintegrated, the Commissariat general of
-
the Republic in Strasbourg
abolished.
- 15 Jun 1940 - 19 Mar 1945
Occupied by Germany (Colmar
occupied on 17 Jun 1940, Mulhouse
-
on 18 Jun 1940, and Strasbourg on 19 Jun 1940).
- 7 Aug 1940 Separated from France by Germany and placed under separate
- administrations as the Areas of Chief of Civil Administration
- (CdZ-Gebiet) in Alsace and in Lorraine, attached/integrated but
- not formally annexed to Germany.
- 21 Nov 1944
French occupy Mülhausen
(Mulhouse)(Metz on 22 Nov 1944, Strasbourg
-
on 22 Nov 1944, and Colmar
on 2 Feb 1945).
- 19 Mar 1945
Last German
forces evacuate (from Lauterbourg).
German Commander-in-chief of the Third
Army (Oberbefehlshaber der
III. Armee)- Governor-general
in Alsace (General-Gouverneur
im Elsass)
(in Hagenau; from 8 Aug 1870, Strasbourg) - 30 Aug 1870 - 5 Sep 1871
Friedrich Alexander Graf von
(b. 1818 - d. 1894) Mil
-
Bismarck-Bohlen
Civil Commissar in Alsace (Civil-Commissar im Elsass) - (in Hagenau; from 8 Aug 1870,
Strasbourg)
30 Aug 1870 - 12 Jul 1871 Friedrich Christian Hubert von (b. 1809 - d. 1882)
Kühlwetter - 12 Jul 1871 - 5 Sep 1871 Vacant
- Governor-general in Lorraine (General-Gouverneur
in Lothringen)(in Nancy)
29 Aug 1870 - 28 Mar 1871 Adolph Albert Ferdinand Carl (b. 1803 - d. 1872) Mil
Friedrich von Bonin - Civil Commissar of Lorraine (Civil-Commissar
von Lothringen)(in Nancy)
4 Sep 1870 - 28 Mar 1871 Ludwig Victor Markgraf von Villers,(b. 1810 - d. 1881)
- Graf von Grignoncourt
- Oberpräsident
6
Sep 1871 - 30 Sep 1879 Eduard von Moeller (Möller)
(b. 1814 - d. 1880) -
Secretaries of State of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine
1 Oct 1879 - Jul 1880 Karl Joseph Benjamin Herzog (b. 1827 - d. 1902)
Oct 1880 - 1887 Karl Hofmann (s.a.)
(from 29 Apr 1882, Karl von Hofmann)
1887 - Jul 1901 Maximilian von Puttkamer (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
(acting to 1889)
Jul 1901 - 1908 Ernst Matthias von Köller (b. 1841 - d. 1928)
1908 - Feb 1914 Hugo Freiherr Zorn von Bulach (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
3 Feb 1914 - 31 May 1916 Siegfried Friedrich Wilhelm (b. 1870 - d. 1953)
Erdmann Graf von Roedern
1 Jun 1916 - Oct 1918 Georg Freiherr von Tschammer und (b. 1869 - d. 1954)
Quaritz
22 Oct 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Karl Hauss (b. 1871 - d. 1925) Z
5 Sep 1870 - 27 Sep 1870 Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Carl (b. 1831 - d. 1888) Mil
Kronprinz von Preussen
Imperial governors (Kaiserliche Statthalter)
1 Oct 1879 - 17 Jun 1885 Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel (b. 1809 - d. 1885)
17 Jun 1885 - 5 Nov 1885 Karl von Hofmann (acting) (b. 1827 - d. 1910)
5 Nov 1885 - 1894 Chlodwig Karl Viktor Fürst zu (b. 1819 - d. 1901)
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
5 Nov 1894 - 1907 Hermann Ernst Franz Fürst von (b. 1832 - d. 1913)
Hohenlohe-Langenburg
21 Nov 1907 - 1914 Karl Leo Julius Graf von Wedel (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
1 May 1914 - Oct 1918 Nikolaus Michael Louis Johann (b. 1855 - d. 1919)
"Hans" von Dallwitz
22 Oct 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Rudolf Schwander (b. 1868 - d. 1950)
Chairman of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council of Strasbourg
11 Nov 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Johannes Rebholz (in rebellion) (b. 1885 - d. 1960) SPD
President of the Administrative Board of the National Council of Alsace-Lorraine
12 Nov 1918 - 22? Nov 1918 Eugen Adolf Ricklin (b. 1862 - d. 1935) Z
Mayor of Strasbourg
10 Nov 1918 - 1 Dec 1918 Jacques Peirotes (b. 1869 - d. 1935) SPD
French General Commanding the Eastern Army Group
22 Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1918 Édouard de Curières de Castelnau (b. 1851 - d. 1944) Mil
High Commissioner of the Republic in Strasbourg
22 Nov 1918 - 21 Mar 1919 Jean Jacques Georges Maringer (b. 1862 - d. 1941)
Commissioner generals of the Republic
21 Mar 1919 - 20 Jan 1920 Étienne Alexandre Millerand (b. 1859 - d. 1943)
(acting)
20 Jan 1920 - 11 Feb 1920 Jean Pierre Georges Louis Rimbert (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
(interim)
11 Feb 1920 - 31 Jul 1924 Gabriel Ferdinand Alapetite (b. 1854 - d. 1932)
1 Aug 1924 - 15 Oct 1925 Richard Henri Cacaud (interim) (b. 1875 - d. 1961)
Chief of Civil Administration in Alsace
7 Aug 1940 - 19 Mar 1945 Robert Heinrich Wagner (b. 1895 - d. 1946) NSDAP
Chiefs of Civil Administration in Lorraine
7 Aug 1940 - 28 Sep 1944 Josef Bürckel (b. 1895 - d. 1944) NSDAP
29 Sep 1944 - 19 Mar 1945 Willi Stöhr (b. 1903 - d. 1994) NSDAP
French Heads of the Military
Administrative Mission to the Liberated Territories of
Alsace
(subordinated to Minister of War to 15 Sep
1918, then the Prime Minister)(in
Masevaux)
1 Jul 1917 - Nov
1917 François Jean Henry de
Witt-Guizot (b. 1870 - d. 1939) Mil
Nov 1917 - Nov 1918
Henry Jean
Poulet
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
Party abbreviations: NSDAP
= Nationalsozialistische Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers'
Party, Nazi fascist, xenophobic, German nationalist, 14
Jul 1933-31 May 1945 only legal party,
1920-1945); SPD =
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social
Democratic Party of Germany, social-democratic,
1875-1933); Z = Deutsche
Zentrumspartei "Zentrum" (German
Centre Party "Centre", catholic, centrist, 1870-1933)
Nord and Pas-de-Calais (1940-1944)
![[German War Ensign
1938-1945 (Germany)]](de1938-w.gif "[German War Ensign
1938-1945 (Germany)]")
20 May
1940
Germans occupy Arras (Boulogne on 25 May
1940, Calais 26 May 1940).
31 May 1940
Germans forces occupy
Lille (Dunkirk on 4 Jun 1940).
15 Jun
1940
Départements of
Nord and Pas-de-Calais of France are
attached
to the German military
administration of Belgium and Northern
France (Belgien und
Nordfrankreich)(see under Belgium);
nominally
they remain under
the civil authority of ("Vichy") France
and referred to by
them as la Zone Rattachée
("the Attached
Zone"), but
direct contacts with "Vichy" are hampered by
the
Germans.
7 Jul 1940
Area becomes a closed zone
isolated from rest of France (confirmed
17 Apr 1941).
1-5 Sep
1944
Both departments are liberated by the
Allies (Lille liberated on
2 Sep 1944, Arras on
3 Sep 1944, Dunkirk on 9 May 1945).
German Commandants of the Higher Field
Headquarters 670 (in
Lille)
(Kommandant der
Oberfeldkommandantur 670)
(subordinated to military governor of Belgien-Nordfrankreich)
15 Jun 1940 - 12 Jan 1943
Heinrich
Niehoff
(s.a.)
13 Jan 1943 - 15 May 1943 Wilhelm
Daser
(b. 1884 - d. 1968)
15 May 1943 - 11 Sep 1944 Georg
Bertram
(b. 1882 - d.
1953)
Prefect of Nord Département
(in Lille)
6 Apr 1936 - 2
Sep 1944 Fernand
Carles
(b. 1886 - d. 1945)
6 Dec 1941 - 2
Sep 1944 Henri Joseph
Darrouy
(b. 1897 - d. 19..)
(prefect delegate acting for Carles)
Prefect of the Region
Lille (in Lille)
19 Apr 1941 - 2 Sep 1944
Fernand
Carles
(s.a.)
Prefects of Pas-de-Calais Département
(in Arras)
(from 19 Apr 1941, subordinated to prefect of
Region Nord)
20 Nov 1933 - 8 Aug 1940 Gabriel
Auguste Léon
Rochard (b. 1880 -
d. 1954)
(absent 20-28 May 1940)
25 Aug 1940 - 1 Jun
1942 Amédée Félix
Bussière
(b. 1886 - d. 1953)
1 Jun 1942 - 11 May
1943 Jean Marcel
Daugy
(b. 1894 - d. 1968)
11 May 1943 - 6 Feb 1944 André
Paul
Sadon
(b. 1891 - d. 1965)
6 Feb 1944 - 1
Sep 1944 André Alexandre
Pujes
(b. 1904 - d. 1976)
|
![[Papal
flag before 1808]](fr-ctven.gif "[Papal flag
before 1808]")
| Map
of Avignon - Comtat Venaissin |
Capital:
Avignon |
Population:
191,000 (1801) |
County of Toulouse.
12 Sep 1226 Avignon, formerly part of Toulouse, is conquered by France.
7 May 1251 Avignon made a common possession of counts Charles of Anjou
and Alphonse de Poitiers, brothers of French King Louis VIII.
25 Aug 1271 At the death of Alphonse de Poitiers, Avignon and
Comtat-Venaissin are united with the French crown.
1274 Comtat-Venaissin becomes a Papal possession, though not a
part of the Papal States.
1290 Avignon is ceded to the Duchy of Provence.
9 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 The Popes rule from Avignon, this era has been referred to
as the "Babylonian Captivity of the Church."
9 Jun 1348 Avignon becomes a Papal possession.
20 Sep 1378 - 12 Mar 1403 During the "Great Schism" rival (anti-)Popes rule from Avignon.
28 Jul 1663 - 12 Feb 1664 French occupation.
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 French occupation.
24 May 1790 The States General of the Comtat, proclaims a
constitution, but remains loyal to the pope.
12 Jun 1790 Avignon assembly votes the end of Papal rule and union of
Avignon with France.
10 Jan 1791 - 14 Jun 1791 Civil war between Avignon and the Comtat. Several towns
of the Comtat rally to Avignon (Châteauneuf-du-Pape,
Saint-Saturnin, and Cavaillon).
14 Sep 1791 Annexed by France (Avignon part of Bouches du Rhône département
and part of Comtat-Venaissain to Drôme département).
25 Jun 1793 Avignon and Comtat-Venaissain are re-integrated along with
Orange to form Vaucluse département.
19 Feb 1797 Former Papal possesions ceded to France by the Treaty of Tolentino.
30 May 1814 Annexation formally recognized by the Pope.
Legats of Avignon
1367 - 1371
Philippe de Cabassolle -Governor
(b. 1305 - d. 1372)
1376
Jean de Blauzac (vicar-general) (d. 1379)
1409 - 1410
Pierre de Tourroye
1410 - 1432
François de
Conzie
(b. 1356 - d. 1432)
1432
Marco Condulmero
(b. 1405 - d. 1460)
1432 -
1433
Alphonse Carillo -Governor-rector (d.
1434)
1433 - 13 Dec
1464 Pierre
Cardinal de
Foix
(b. 1386 - d. 1464)
13 Dec 1464 - 1470
Vacant
1470 -
1476
Charles Cardinal de
Bourbon (b.
1434 - d. 1488)
1476 -
1503
Giuliano Cardinal della Rovere
(b. 1443 - d. 1513)
1503 - 25 May
1510
Georges Cardinal
d'Amboise
(b. 1460 - d. 1510)
1511 - 9 Nov
1513
Robert Cardinal Guibé
(b. 1460 - d. 1513)
1513 - Feb
1541
François Guilhem Cardinal de
(b. 1478 - d. 1540)
Clermont-Lodève
13 Mar 1541 - 13 Apr 1565 Alessandro
Cardinal Farnèse
(b. 1520 - d. 1589)
13 Apr 1565 - 9 May 1590 Charles
Cardinal de Bourbon-Vendôme(b. 1523 - d. 1590)
- jointly with -
13 Apr 1565 - 10 Jul 1585 Georges Cardinal
d'Armagnac (b.
c.1501 - d. 1585)
9 May 1590 - 8 Feb 1593 Vacant
8 Feb 1593 -
1601
Ottavio Cardinal
Acquaviva
(b. 1560 - d. 1612)
d'Aragona
1601 - 1605
Cinzio Passeri Cardinal
(b. 1551 - d. 1610)
Aldobrandini
1605 - 1621
Scipio Cardinal
Caffarelli-Borghèse(b. 1576 - d. 1633)
1621 -
1623
Ludovico Cardinal
Ludovisi
(b. 1595 - d. 1632)
2 Oct 1623 -
1633
Francesco Cardinal
Barberini (b. 1597 -
d. 1679)
21 Mar 1633 -
1644
Antonio Cardinal
Barberini
(b. 1607 - d. 1671)
12 Dec 1644 -
1650
Camillo Francesco Cardinal Pamphilj(b. 1622 - d. 1666)
21 Feb 1650 -
1654
Camillo Cardinal Astalli-Pamphilj (b. 1619 - d.
1663)
1654 -
1657
Vacant
23 Apr 1657 -
1668
Flavio Cardinal
Chigi
(b. 1631 - d. 1693)
31 Jan 1668 -
1670
Giacomo Cardinal
Rospigliosi (b. 1628
- d. 1684)
19 May 1670 -
1677
Paluzzio Paluzzi Altieri Degli (b.
1623 - d. 1698)
Albertoni
1677 -
1690
Alderano Cardinal
Cibo
(b. 1613 - d. 1700)
11 Jan 1690 - 7 Feb 1693 Pietro
Cardinal
Ottoboni
(b. 1667 - d. 1740)
Vice-legats of Avignon
10 Feb 1542 -
1544
Alessandro Campeggio
(b. 1504 - d. 1554)
1544 -
1547
Antonio Trivulzio (Trivulce)
(b. c.1514 - d. 1559)
1547 -
1552
Camillo
Mentuato
(d. 1560)
1552 -
1554
Théodore-Jean de Clermont-Tallard
(d. c.1569)
1554 -
1559
Giacomo Maria de Sala
1560 -
1562
Alessandro Guidiccioni
(b. 1524 - d. 1605)
6 Feb 1652 - 1565
Lorenzo
Lenzi
(b. 1516 - d. 1571)
1565 - May
1585
Georges Cardinal
d'Armagnac
(s.a.)
(co-legate)
1585
(months)
Guillaume Le Blanc (acting)
(d. 1588)
1585 -
1589
Domenico Grimaldi (1st time) (d.
1592)
1589 -
1592
Domenico Petrucci
(d. c.1598)
1592
Domenico Grimaldi (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Aug 1592 -
1593
Silvio
Savelli
(b. 1550 - d. 1599)
1594 -
1595
Antonio Gianotti
1596 - 1599
Giovanni
Francesco Bordini
(b. c.1536 - d. 1609)
1599 -
1604
Carlo
Conti
(b. 1568 - d. 1615)
12 Feb 1604 -
1607
Pietro Francesco Montorio
Jul 1607 -
1609
Giuseppe Ferrier
(Ferreri)
(b. 15.. - d. 1610)
1609 -
1610
Francesco Stefano Dulci
1610 - 14 Jun
1614
Filippo
Filonardi
(b. 1582 - d. 1622)
1614 -
1621
Giovanni Francesco de
Bagno (b. 1578
- d. 1641)
(Jean-François
de Bagni)
1621 -
1622
Guillaume du Broc du Nozet
(d. 1626)
1622 (1
month)
Ottavio Corsini
1622
Bartolomeo Guidotti
1623 -
1629
Cosimo de' Bardi
(b. 1576 - d. 1631)
1629 -
1634
Mario Filonardi (Marius Philonardi)(d. 1644)
24 Jul 1634 -
1637 Jules
Cardinal
Mazarin
(b. 1602 - d. 1661)
1634 -
1636
Fabrice de la Bourdaisière
(d. 1646)
(pro-legate for Mazarin)
1637 -
1645
Federico
Sforza
(b. 1603 - d. 1676)
1645
Bernardo Pinelli
31 Jul 1645 - 8 Oct 1653
Lorenzo Corsi
8 Oct 1653 - 5 Jun
1654 Domenico de Marinis
(b. 1599 - d.
1669)
5 Jun 1654 - 23 Dec 1655
Agostino Franciotti
(b. 1630 - d. 1670)
23 Dec 1655 - 28 Jan 1659
Giovanni Niccolo
Conti
(b. 1617 - d. 1698)
29 Jan 1659 - 24 Sep 1664
Gaspare Lascaris di Castellar (d.
1684)
French Governor-general
Jul 1663 - 12 Feb 1664
François des Monstiers, comte de (b. 1609 - d.
1672)
Mérinville
Vice-legats of Avignon
24 Sep 1664 - 21 Aug 1665 Alessandro
Colonna
20 Aug 1665 -
1670
Lorenzo Lomellini
12 Jul 1670 -
1670
Azzo Ariosto (1st time) (acting)
19 Jul 1670 - 5 Apr 1671
Horace Mathei (Orazio Mattei)
(b. 1621 - d. 1688)
1 Apr 1671 - 18 Aug 1671
Azzo Ariosto (2nd time) (acting)
28 Aug 1671 - 26 Feb 1672
Niccolò Pietro Bargellini
(b. 1630 - d. 1694)
27 Feb 1672 - 28 Aug 1672 Azzo
Ariosto (3rd time) (acting)
28 Aug 1672 -
1673
Marcello Durazzo
(acting)
(b. 1633 - d. 1710)
31 May 1673 - 20 Jul 1673
Giacinto Libelli (1st time)(acting)(b.
1616 - d. 1684)
20 Jul 1673 - 17 Aug 1676 Carlo
Anguisciola
(d. 1676)
17 Aug 1676 - Mar
1677 Giacinto Libelli (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
1677 -
1685
Francesco Niccolini
(b. 1639 - d. 1692)
12 Dec 1685 - 31 Jul 1691
Baldasare
Cenci
(b. 1648 - d. 1709)
31 Jul 1691 - 8 Apr 1692
Lozenzo Fieschi (Laurent Fieschi) (b. 1642 - d.
1726)
(1st time)(acting)
8 Apr 1692 - 26 Feb 1696
Marco Delfino (Marc Delphini) (b.
1654 - d. 1704)
1696
Lorenzo
Fieschi
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
7 Jun 1696 - 26 Jul 1700
Filippo Antonio
Gualteri
(b. 1660 - d. 1728)
26 Jul 1700 - 10 Aug 1700
Giovanni Battista Cicci (acting)
19 Aug 1700 - 31 May 1703 Antonio
Francesco Sanvitali
(b. 1660 - d. 1714)
(Antoine François
Sanvitali)
31 May 1703 - 8 Aug 1706 Antoine
Banchieri
(b. 1667 - d. 1733)
8 Aug 1706 - 4 Nov
1706 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(b. 1659 - d. 1742)
(François-Maurice de Gontieri)
(1st time)(acting)
4 Nov 1706 - 12 Nov 1711
Sinibaldo
Doria
(b. 1664 - d. 1733)
1711 - Mar 1717
Alamanno Salviati
(b. 1669 - d. 1733)
1717 -
1719
Francesco Maurizio
Gontieri
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
20 Aug 1719 - 7 Mar 1731
Raniero d'Elci (Rainiero d'Elci)
(b. 1670 - d. 1761)
7 Mar 1731 - 11 Sep 1731 Francesco
Maurizio Gontieri
(s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting)
11 Sep 1731 - 8 Oct 1739 Filippo
Buondelmonte
(b. 1691 - d. 1741)
(Philippe Bondelmonte)
8 Oct 1739 - 18 Nov 1739 Marcelo
Crescenzi
(b. 1694 - d. 1768)
1739 - 8 Jun
1744
Niccolò Maria Cardinal Lercari
(b. 1675 - d. 1757)
1744 - 28 Jul
1754
Pasquale d'Acquaviva d'Aragon
(b. 1718 - d. 1788)
1754 - 16 Mar
1760
Paolo Passionei
1760
Francesco
Maria Manzi (1st time)
(b. 1694 - d. 1774)
(François
Marie de Manzi)(acting)
1760 -
1766
Gregorio Antonio Maria Salviati
(b. 1722 - d. 1794)
(Grégoire Antoine Marie
Salviati)
1766 -
1767
Francesco Maria Manzi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1767 - 9 Jun
1768
Giuseppe Vincentini
(b. 1717 - d. 1779)
French Governor
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774
Jean Louis Roger, marquis de (b.
1717 - d. 1776)
Rochechouart
Vice-Legats of Avignon
1774 - 1775
Francesco Maria Manzi
(3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 May 1775 -
1776 Angelo
Maria Durini
(b. 1725 - d. 1796)
(Ange-Marie
Durini)
(president of the legation)
13 Jun 1776 - 6 Aug 1776 Giovanni
Carlo Vincenzo Giovio (b. 1729 - d.
1793)
(acting)
6 Aug 1776 -
1787
Giacomo Filomarino Della Rocca
1787 - 12 Jun
1790 Filippo
Casoni (Philippe Casoni)
(b. 1733 - d. 1811)
Maires of Avignon
Feb 1790 - Mar
1790
Jean-Baptiste d'Armand
14? Mar 1790 - 14 Sep 1791 Antoine
Agricol Richard
Rectors of Comtat Venaissin
1274 -
c.1284
Guillaume de Villaret
(b. c.1235 - d. 1305)
1287 -
1289
Henri de Ganève
1290 -
129.
Philippe de Brenizon
129. -
c.1295
Jean de Grallin
1297 -
1299
Nicolò de'Franzesi
1299 -
1302
Matteo de Chieti
1302 -
1303
Roger de Spini
1302 -
1303
Jean Arthenisii
1303 -
1310
Guillaume de Mandagout
(d. 1321)
1310 -
1317
Raimond Guilhem de Budos
(d. 1363)
1317 -
1334
Arnaud de Trian
1335 -
1341
Pierre Guilhem
1342 -
1343
Jean Arpadelle
1344 -
1353
Hugues de la Roche (Roque)
(b. c.1335 - d. 1398)
1353 -
1362
Guillaume de Roffiac
(d. 1364)
1362 -
1370
Philippe de Cabassolle
(b. 1305 - d. 1372)
1370 -
1371
Étienne Aubert
(d. 1378)
1372 -
1376
Aymar de Poitiers-Valentinois (b.
1322 - d. 1376)
1376 -
1379
Guillaume Roger de Beaufort,
(b. 1331 - d. 1395)
vicomte de Turenne
1379 -
1390
Henri de Sévery
(d. 1396)
1390 -
1392
Odon de Villars
(b. 1354 - d. 1414)
1393 -
1394
Pons de Langeac (1st
time)
(b. 1339 - d. 1417)
1395 -
1397
Gaston de Moncada
1397 -
1398
Antonio de Luna (1st time)
1399 -
1400
Giovanni de Alzenno
1401 -
1402
Pons de Langeac (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1403 -
1408
Antonio de Luna (2nd time)
1408 -
1410
Rodrigo de Luna
1410 -
1422
Jean Gérard de Poitiers (1st time) (b. c.1368 -
d. 1452)
1424
Giacomo de Complo
1424 -
1431
Pietro Cottini
1432
Marco Condolmerio
1432 -
1433
Onofrio Francesco di San Severino (d. 1450)
1433
Jean Gérard de Poitiers (2nd time) (s.a.)
1433 -
1459
Pierre de Foix de Castelbon
(b. 1386 - d. 1464)
1459 -
1460
Angelo Geraldini (acting)
1460 -
1472
Constantino Heruli
1473
Jean Baile
(d. 1494)
1474
Frédéric de Saluces
(d. 1481)
1475
Édouard de Messey
(d. 1480)
1475 -
1476
Renaud de
Bourbon
(d. 1483)
1476 -
1478
Angelo Geraldini
(b. 1422 - d.
1486)
1478 -
1479
Giovanni Rosa
1479 -
1482
Amalric de Vaison, êvéque
de Vaison
1482
Giovanni Casaleti
1482
Rodolfo Bonicafio
1483 -
1485
Guillaume Adhémar
(d. 1516)
1485 -
1490
Constantino Heruli
1490 -
1495
Giovanni Andrea Grimaldi
(d. 1505)
1495 -
1502
Clément de la Rovère
(b. 1462 - d. 1504)
1502 -
1503
Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere (b. 1471 - d.
1507)
1503 -
1505
Louis de
Rochechouart
(d. 1505)
1505 -
1509
François d'Estaing
(b. 1460 - d. 1529)
1510 -
1511
Angelo Leonini
1511 -
1513
Jean de Montaigu
(d. 1524)
1513 -
1514
Pierre de Valetariis
(b. c.1461 - d. 1514)
1514
François de Villeneuve
1515
Pierre de Brie
1516 -
1541
Giscard de Corneillan
(d. 1543)
1541 -
1547
Paul Sadolet (1st time)
(b. 1508 - d. 1572)
1547 -
1553
Andrea Recuperati
1553 -
1554
Giacomo Maria Sala
1554 -
1555
Antonio Vacca
1555
Antonio Paulo Toscomi
1555 -
1560
François de Castellane
1560 -
1561
Paul Sadolet (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1561 -
1565
Laurent de Tarascon
1565 -
1566
Pietro Sabbatier (Pierre Sabatier)
1566
François de Castellane
1566 -
1567
Jean de Roquelaure
1567 -
1572
Paul Sadolet
(b. 1508 - d.
1572)
1572
Gaspard du Pont
1572 -
1577
Jacques Sacrat
1577 -
1584
Domenico Grimaldi
(d. 1592)
1584 -
1586
Pompeo Rocchi
1586 -
1587
Francesco Argolici
1588 -
1593
Jacques Sacrat
1593
Guillaume de Cheisolme
(b. 1547 - d. 1629)
1593 -
1594
Achille Gimnasi
(b.
1553 - d. 1594)
1594 -
1598
Geronimo Leopardi
1598 -
1600
Orarzio Capponi (1st time)
(b. 1552 - d. 1622)
1600 -
1605
Jean de Tulle
1605 -
1607
Giacomo Rocamador
1607 -
1609
Orarzio Capponi (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1609 -
1614
Baldassare Gaddi
1614 -
1615
Cosimo de' Bardi (1st time)
(s.a.)
1615 -
1616
Ottavio Mancini
1616 -
1621
Cosimo de' Bardi (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1621 -
1627
Cesare Racagna
1627
Antonio Brunacchi
1627
Francisco de Suarès
1627 -
1630
Perso Caraccio
1630 -
1637
Giovanni Battista Bongo
1637 -
1643
Jean-Côme Kéermans (1st time)
1643 -
1644
Guidobaldo Gallo
1644 -
1652
Jean-Côme Kéermans (2nd time)
1652 -
1657
Mario Buti
1657 -
1664
Cesare Salvani
Aug 1663 - 12 Feb
1664 French
occupation
1664 -
1672
Farulfe de Montemarte
1672 -
1682
Michel Antoine de Vibo
(d. 1713)
1682 -
1689
Giovanni Rasponi
(b. 1646 - d. 1714)
1689 -
1696
Filippo Onofrio
1696 -
1697
Scipio Zanelli
1698 -
1702
Flavio Barbarossa
1702 -
1707
Francesco Maria Abbati (1st time) (b. 1660 - d. 1735)
1707 -
1711
Bernardino Guinigi
(b. 1663 - d. 1729)
1711
Carlo Francesco Gallarini
(b. 1660 - d. 1716)
1711 -
1712
Francesco Maria Abbati (2nd time) (s.a.)
1712 -
1716
Alessandro Francesco Codebò
(b. 1665 - d. 1733)
1716 -
1733
Ottavio Gasparini
(b. 1676 - d. 1749)
15 Jul 1733 -
1738
Azzolino Cervini
(b. 1698 - d. 17..)
1738 - 25 Feb
1745
Alessandro Guiccioli
(b. 1680 - d. 1752)
1745
Domenico Giuseppe
Inguiberti (b. 1683 - d.
1757)
1745 -
1753
Gaspard de Sainte-Croix
26 Dec 1753 -
1755
Tommasso
Galli
(b. 1699 - d. 1765)
19 Apr 1755 -
1758
Fortunato Savini
8 Aug 1758 - 9 Jun
1768 Carlo Manzoni
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774
French occupation
Apr 1774 -
1776
Denis François Régis Valoris (b.
1721 - d. 1781)
(Dionisio Francesco Regis Valoris)
Nov 1776 -
1785
Giulio Cesare Zoglio (Zollio)
(b. 1733 - d. 1795)
1785 -
1787
Giuseppe Beni (Joseph de Béni)
(b. 1729 - d. 1806)
1787 -
1790
Cristofano Pieracchi
(b. 1741 - d.
1797)
Vice-legat
12 Jun 1790 - 14 Sep 1791 Filippo
Casoni
(s.a.)
Corsica (Corse): see under France Regions
Dombes: see under Provinces of France to 1791
Franche-Comté (1814)
| Map
of Etat Franche-Comte |
Capital: Vesoul |
Population: N/A (1814) |
3 Jan 1814 - 6 Jun 1814 Occupied by Austrian and Allied forces.
27 Jan 1814 État de Franche-Comté (State of Franche-Comté) formed by the Allies
(composed of départements of Haute-Saône, Doubs, Jura, Vosges,
the Principality Porrentruy, and from 4 Feb 1814, the former
Principality of Montbéliard). Baron d'Andlau is appointed in the
name of the Allied Powers Governor-general of Haute-Saône, Doubs,
Jura, Vosges and the Principality of Porrentruy by proclamation.
6 Jun 1814 Dissolved.
Governor-general
27 Jan 1814 - 6 Jun 1814 Conrad Karl Friedrich, baron (b. 1766 - d. 1839)
d'Andlau-Birseck (Baden)
(= Baron Conrad-Frédéric d'Andlau)
(continues in Porrentruy to 25 Aug 1815)
Lorraine and Bar: see under Provinces of France to 1791
Mömpelgard (Montbéliard)
|
![[County of
Mömpelgard pre-1793 (Montbéliard, France)]](de-mb_hi.gif "[County of Mömpelgard pre-1793
(Montbéliard, France)]")
| Map of Mömpelgard | Capital:
Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) |
Population:
47,092 (1790) |
de Montbéliard).
1065 - 1163 Under Scarponnois dynasty.
1163 - 1283 Under Montfaucon dynasty.
1283 Mömpelgard reichsunmittelbar (however, the counts of Burgundy
retain suzerainty over lordships of Clerval, Grange and
Passavant).
1283 - 1338 Under the Neuenburg and then Burgund-Ivrea dynasties.
14 Feb 1444 - 28 Aug 1593 Mömpelgard, under a collateral branch of Württemberg
(with interruptions 1446-73, 1482-1526, 1534-42, 1550-53).
1 May 1534 - 1534 Occupied by France.
28 May 1617 Princely County of Mömpelgard (Gefürstete Grafschaft Mömpelgard).
28 May 1617 - 25 Feb 1723 Mömpelgard, under a collateral branch of Württemberg.
Sep 1633 - Dec 1643 Occupied by France.
5 Nov 1676 - Apr 1679 Occupied by France.
29 Oct 1680 - 2 Feb 1698 Occupied by France.
25 Mar 1723 Passed to Württemberg (ruler using style Herzog von Württemberg
und Graf von Mömpelgard/Duc de Wurtemberg et comte de
Montbéliard).
10 Apr 1734 - 2 Apr 1736 Occupied by France.
10 May 1748 Under French suzerainty (Héricourt, Châtelot, Clémont, and
Blamont are annexed to France).
10 Oct 1793 Occupied by France.
11 Nov 1793 Montbéliard annexed by France; as part of the département
of Haute-Saône.
9 Feb 1801 Annexation recognized by Württemberg in Treaty of Lunéville.
4 Feb 1814 - 6 Jun 1814 Part of Allied occupied Franche-Comté.
Counts (title Graf von Mömpelgard/Comte
de Montbéliard)
Oct 1228 - Sep 1283
Theodorich (=
Thierry)
(b. 1205 - d. 1283)
1283 -
1321
Reinhold (= Renaud)
(d. 1321)
1322 –
1338
Otto (=
Othenin)
(d. 1338)
1338 – Nov
1367
Heinrich I (= Henri I)
(b. 1282 - d. 1367)
Dec 1367 – 2 Nov 1397
Stefan (= Stephan)
(b. 1335
- d. 1397)
2 Nov 1397 – 14 Feb 1444 Henriette (f)
(b. 1387 - d. 1444)
- jointly with -
1407 - 2 Jul 1419
Eberhard IV Graf von Württemberg (b. 1388 -
d. 1444)
14 Feb 1444 - 2 Sep 1526 the counts of Württemberg
2 Sep 1526 -
1534
Georg I "der
Vorsichtige"
(b. 1498 - d. 1558)
(= Georges I) (1st time)
1 May 1534 -
1534 occupied
by France
1534 - 1542
the duke of
Württemberg
1542 - 6 Nov 1550
Christoph (= Christophe)
(b. 1515 - d. 1668)
6 Nov 1550 - 4 May 1553 the dukes
of Württemberg
4 May 1553 - 17 Jul 1558 Georg I "der
Vorsichtige"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Jul 1558 - 28 Aug 1593 Friedrich I (=
Frédéric) (b.
1557 - d. 1608)
(from 28 Aug 1593, Duke of Württemberg)
28 Aug 1593 - 28 May 1617 the dukes of Württemberg
28 May 1617 - 26 Jan 1631 Ludwig Friedrich (=
Louis-Frédéric)(b. 1586 - d. 1631)
26 Jan 1631 - Sep 1633 Leopold Friedrich (1st
time) (b.
1624 - d. 1662)
(= Léopold-Frédéric)
Sep 1633 - Dec
1643 occupied
by France
Dec 1643 - 15 Jun 1662
Leopold Friedrich (2nd time)
(s.a.)
15 Jun 1662 - 5 Nov 1676 Georg II (=
Georges II)(1st time) (b. 1626 - d. 1699)
5 Nov 1676 - Apr 1679 occupied
by France
Apr 1679 - 29 Oct 1680
Georg II (2nd time)
(s.a.)
29 Oct 1680 - 2 Feb 1698 occupied
by France
2 Feb 1698 - 1 Jun 1699 Georg
II (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jun 1699 - 25 Feb 1723
Leopold
Eberhard
(b. 1670 - d. 1723)
(= Léopold-Ebérard)
Dukes and Counts (title Herzog
von Württemberg und Graf von Mömpelgard/
Duc de Wurtemberg et Comte de Montbéliard)
25 Feb 1723 - 10 Apr 1734 the
dukes of Württemberg
25
Feb 1723 - 10 Apr 1734 the
governors/statthalter -Regents
10 Apr 1734
- 8 Apr 1736 occupied
by France
8 Apr 1736 - 11 Nov
1793 the dukes
of Württemberg
8 Apr 1736 - 10 Oct 1793
the governors/statthalter -Regents
Commander of French Occupation Troops
10 Oct 1793 - 29 Jan 1794 André-Antoine Bernard
dit Bernard (b. 1751 - d. 1818)
de Saintes
French Governors
1 May 1534 -
1535? Philippe
Chabot, comte de Charny (b. 1492 -
d. 1543)
1 May 1534 -
1535? Paul de
La Barthe, sieur
de (b.
1482 - d. 1562)
Thermes (acting for Chabot)
Sep 1633 - Jun
1636 Charles
de Livron, marquis
(d. 1671)
de Bourbonne
16 May 1636 - 1636
Louis de Champagne, comte
(b. 1576 - d. 1636)
de La Suze
Dec 1636 - 1639
Jacques Rouxel de Médavy,
(b. 1603 - d. 1680)
comte de Grancey
+ Louis,
marquis de Nettancourt (d. 1673)
(from 1638)
11 Jan 1639 - 10 Dec 1643 François de
Caumont, marquis de (d. 1656)
Castelmoron et seigneur de
Montpouillan
Dec 1676 – Feb 1677
François Rose, seigneur
de (b.
c.1623 - d. 1704)
Provenchères
Feb 1677 – Apr 1679 de
Beaulieu (1st time)
29 Oct 1680 - 1698?
de Beaulieu (2nd
time)
Governors
1684 - 20 Dec
1698
Friedrich Karl von Herzog
(b. 1652 - d. 1698)
Württemberg-Winnental
1698 -
1723
Vacant
1723 - 1733
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von
(b. 1666 - d. 1755)
Grävenitz
1728 -
17..
Pierre
Bénigne Languet, baron de (b. 1669 - d.
1743)
Montigny (acting for Grävenitz)
1733 - 1734?
Ulrich von Negendank
(d. 1767)
Apr 1734 - Feb
1735
François Bernardin Noblat
(b. 1714 - d. 1792)
(sub-delegate of intendant of Alsace)
25 Feb 1735 - 2 Apr 1736 Coste de
Rantzevelle
(sub-delegate of intendant of Besançon)
2 Apr 1736 - 1736
Friedrich
Karl de Montolieu (acting)
1736 - 26 Dec 1736
Johann Eberhard Georg (Georgii)
(b. 1694 - d. 1772)
(kammerdirektor) (acting)
1736 - 1748
Arnold Franz de
Tornaco
(b. 1696 - d. 1766)
1736? –
1738
Henri Jacquin de Béthoncourt
(b. 1685 - d. 1738)
(president of administration)
(acting for Tornaco?)
1748 - 1756
Reinhard von
Gemmingen-Guttenberg (b. 1698 - d. 1773)
1756? - 13 Mar 1759
Joseph Christoph von Palm
(b. 1706 - d. 1781)
1759 - 3 Jan
1760
Carl Georg August von
Oppel (b. 1725
- d. 1760)
1760 - 1765?
Wilhelm Eberhard von
Faber
(b. 1701 - d. 1781)
1765 -
1773?
Carl Gustaf Friedrich von Uexküll (b.
1716 - d. 1801)
(Üxküll-Gyllenband)
1773? -
1786
Jean Jacques de Goll
(acting) (b. c.1732 - d.
1792)
10 Mar 1786 - 10 Oct 1793
Friedrich Eugen Herzog von
(b. 1732 - d. 1797)
Württemberg (statthalter/stadhouder from 1769)
Mülhausen (Mulhouse)
|
![[Mülhausen
(Mulhouse) city flag c.1770-1798 (France)]](fr-68-mu.gif "[Mülhausen (Mulhouse) city flag
c.1770-1798 (France)]")
| Map
of Mulhausen |
Capital:
Mülhausen (Mulhouse) |
|
Emperor Karl IV in 1347)(Freie Reichsstadt Mülhausen). There were
three mayors 1587-95 and from 1602, alternating with the first
mayors being "in charge" at any time; three "succession lines"
can be distinguished (often referred to as the Stadtrepublik
Mülhausen).
1347 Adoption of a republican organization, election of the first mayor.
1354 - 1678 Member of the League of Ten Alsatian cities ("Decapolis").
1395 End of direct tutelage of the Emperor on the city and link with
the Empire limited to regal functions.
19 Jan 1515 Mülhausen an associate member (Zugewandter Ort) of the
Swiss Confederation.
24 Oct 1648 Recognized by France as part of the Swiss Confederation.
28 Jan 1798 Requests annexation to France, after council vote of 4 Jan 1798.
15 Mar 1798 Incorporated into France (part of département Haut-Rhin).
9 Feb 1801 Formally ceded to France (afterwards follows Alsace-Lorraine).
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- 1st Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Gottfridt Engelman
(4th time) (b. 1637 - d. 1719)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Hans Geörg
Hässler
(d. 1741)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Josua Fürstenberger
(1st time) (b. 1646 - d. 1732)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Gottfridt Engelman
(5th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Nikolaus Rissler
(1st time)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Josua Fürstenberger
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Gottfridt Engelman
(6th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Nikolaus Rissler
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Josua Fürstenberger
(3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Gottfridt Engelman
(7th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1709 - 18 Dec 1710 Nikolaus Rissler
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Josua Fürstenberger
(4th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Gottfridt Engelman
(8th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Johannes Dollfus
(1st time) (b. 1635 - d.
1716)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Josua Fürstenberger
(5th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Gottfridt Engelman
(9th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Johannes Dollfus
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Josua Fürstenberger
(6th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Gottfridt Engelman
(10th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Johannes Hofer (1st
time)
(b. 1669 - d. 1752)
21 Dec 1719 - 19 Dec 1720 Josua Fürstenberger
(7th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1720 - 18 Dec 1721 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (1st time) (b. 1645 - d. 1727)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Johannes Hofer (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Josua Fürstenberger
(8th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Johannes Hofer (3rd
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Josua Fürstenberger
(9th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Johannes Hofer (4th
time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Josua Fürstenberger
(10th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (1st time) (b. 1665 - d. 1742)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Johannes Hofer (5th
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1731 - 8 Feb 1732 Josua
Fürstenberger (11th time) (s.a.)
8 Feb 1732 - 18 Dec 1732 .... (acting)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Johannes Hofer (6th
time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Paulus Schwartz
(b. 1694 - d. 1774)
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Johannes Hofer (7th
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (1st time) (b. 1667 - d. 1747)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Johannes Hofer (8th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (5th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Johannes Hofer (9th
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Philip Jacob Freiss
(b. 1658 - d. 1746)
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Johannes Hofer (10th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (4th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Hans Michel Hartmann
(1st time) (b. 1680 - d. 1753)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Johannes Hofer (11th
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Sebastian Spörlin
(1st time) (b. 1681 - d. 1760)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Hans Michel Hartmann
(2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (b. 1697
- d. 1781)
(1st time)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Sebastian Spörlin
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (b. 1689 - d. 1766)
(1st time)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Johannes Hofer "die
Junger"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Sebastian Spörlin
(3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Sebastian Spörlin
(4th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(4th time)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Josua Rissler (1st
time) (b. 1702 - d.
1774)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(4th time)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(5th time)
20 Dec 1764 - 20 Dec 1764 Josua Rissler (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(5th time)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Josua Rissler (3rd
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Friedrich Cornetz
(1st time) (b.
1706 - d. 1780)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(7th time)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Josua Rissler (4th
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Friedrich Cornetz
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Johannes Hofer "die
Junger"
(s.a.)
(8th time)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Josua Rissler (5th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Friedrich Cornetz
(3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Johannes Hofer "die
Junger"
(s.a.)
(9th time)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Josua Rissler (6th
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Friedrich Cornetz
(4th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(10th time)
23 Dec 1779 - 21 Dec 1780 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(b. 1731 - d. 1804)
(1st time)
21 Dec 1780 - 20 Dec 1781 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(b. 1713 - d. 1797)
(1st time)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Johannes Dollfuss
(1st time) (b. 1729 - d. 1800)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(2nd time)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Michael
Spörlein (s.a.)
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1784 - 23 Dec 1785 Johannes Dollfuss
(2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1785 - 21 Dec 1786 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Dec 1786 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Dollfuss
(3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(4th time)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(4th time)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Dollfuss
(4th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(5th time)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Paulus Blech (1st
time) (b.
1728 - d. 1796)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Johannes Dollfuss
(5th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Paulus Blech (2nd
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1796 - 21 Dec 1797 Johannes Dollfuss
(6th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1797 - 15 Mar 1798 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(7th time)
- 2nd Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Hans Geörg Hässler
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Josua Fürstenberger
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Gottfridt Engelman
(5th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Hans Geörg Hässler
(3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Josua Fürstenberger
(3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Gottfridt Engelman
(6th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Niclaus Rissler (1st
time)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Josua Fürstenberger
(4th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Gottfridt Engelman
(7th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Niclaus Rissler (2nd
time)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Josua Fürstenberger
(5th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Gottfridt Engelman
(8th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Johannes Dollfus
(1st time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Josua Fürstenberger
(6th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Gottfridt Engelman
(9th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Johannes Dollfus
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Josua Fürstenberger
(7th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Gottfridt Engelman
(10th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Johannes Hofer (1st
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Josua Fürstenberger
(8th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1719 - 18 Dec 1721 Johannes Hofer (2nd
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Josua Fürstenberger
(9th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (1st time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Johannes Hofer (3rd
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Josua Fürstenberger
(10th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Johannes Hofer (4th
time)
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Josua Fürstenberger
(11th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (1st time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Johannes Hofer (5th
time)
(s.a.)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Josua Fürstenberger
(12th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1731 - 18 Dec 1732 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Johannes Hofer (6th
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Paulus Schwartz (1st
time)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Johannes Hofer (7th
time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Paulus Schwartz (2nd
time)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (4th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Johannes Hofer (8th
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (1st time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (5th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Johannes Hofer (9th
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Philip Jacob Freiss
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Johannes Hofer (10th
time) (s.a.)
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Hans Michel Hartmann
(1st time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Johannes Hofer (11th
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Sebastian Spörlin
(1st time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Hans Michel Hartmann
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Johannes Hofer (12th
time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Sebastian Spörlin
(2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Hans Michel Hartmann
(3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(1st time)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Sebastian Spörlin
(3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Niclaus Heylmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(1st time)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Sebastian Spörlin
(4th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Josua Rissler (1st
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(4th time)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Josua Rissler (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1764 - 19 Dec 1765 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(4th time)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(5th time)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Josua Rissler (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Friedrich Cornetz
(1st time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(6th time)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Josua Rissler (4th
time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Friedrich Cornetz
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(7th time)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Josua Rissler (5th
time)
(s.a.)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Friedrich Cornetz
(3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(8th time)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Josua Rissler (6th
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Friedrich Cornetz
(4th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(9th time)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(1st time)
23 Dec 1779 - 21 Dec 1780 Friedrich Cornetz
(5th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1780 - 30 Oct 1781 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(10th time)
30 Oct 1781 - 20 Dec 1781 .... (acting)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(2nd time)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(1st time)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Dollfuss
(1st time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1784 - 23 Dec 1785 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1785 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Dollfuss
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(4th time)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Dollfuss
(3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(5th time)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Paulus Blech (1st
time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Johannes Dollfuss
(4th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(6th time)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Paulus Blech (2nd
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Johannes Dollfuss
(5th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1796 - 21 Dec 1797 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(7th time)
21 Dec 1797 - 15 Mar 1798 Johannes Dollfuss
(6th time) (s.a.)
- 3rd Line -
18 Dec 1699 - 19 Dec 1700 Josua Fürstenberger
(1st time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1700 - 17 Dec 1701 Gottfridt Engelman
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1701 - 21 Dec 1702 Hans Geörg Hässler
(3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1702 - 20 Dec 1703 Josua Fürstenberger
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1703 - 18 Dec 1704 Gottfridt Engelman
(3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1704 - 17 Dec 1705 Niclaus Rissler (1st
time)
17 Dec 1705 - 23 Dec 1706 Josua Fürstenberger
(3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1706 - 22 Dec 1707 Gottfridt Engelman
(4th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Niclaus Rissler (2nd
time)
22 Dec 1707 - 20 Dec 1708 Josua Fürstenberger
(4th time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1708 - 19 Dec 1709 Gottfridt Engelman
(5th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1710 - 17 Dec 1711 Johannes Dollfus
(1st time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1711 - 22 Dec 1712 Josua Fürstenberger
(5th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1712 - 21 Dec 1713 Gottfridt Engelman
(6th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1713 - 20 Dec 1714 Johannes Dollfus
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1714 - 19 Dec 1715 Josua Fürstenberger
(6th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1715 - 17 Dec 1716 Gottfridt Engelman
(7th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1716 - 23 Dec 1717 Johannes Hofer (1st
time)
(s.a.)
23 Dec 1717 - 22 Dec 1718 Josua Fürstenberger
(7th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1718 - 21 Dec 1719 Gottfridt Engelman
(8th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1719 - 19 Dec 1720 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (1st time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1720 - 18 Dec 1721 Josua Fürstenberger
(8th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1721 - 17 Dec 1722 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1722 - 23 Dec 1723 Johannes Hofer (2nd
time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1723 - 21 Dec 1724 Josua Fürstenberger
(9th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1724 - 20 Dec 1725 Hans Thiebold
Schmerber (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1725 - 19 Dec 1726 Johannes Hofer (3rd
time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1726 - 18 Dec 1727 Josua Fürstenberger
(10th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1727 - 23 Dec 1728 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (1st time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1728 - 22 Dec 1729 Johannes Hofer (4th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1729 - 21 Dec 1730 Josua Fürstenberger
(11th time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1730 - 21 Dec 1731 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (1st time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1731 - 18 Dec 1732 Johannes Hofer (5th
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1732 - 17 Dec 1733 Paulus Schwartz (1st
time)
17 Dec 1733 - 23 Dec 1734 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1734 - 22 Dec 1735 Johannes Hofer (6th
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1735 - 20 Dec 1736 Paulus Schwartz (2nd
time)
20 Dec 1736 - 19 Dec 1737 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1737 - 18 Dec 1738 Johannes Hofer (7th
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1738 - 17 Dec 1739 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (1st time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1739 - 22 Dec 1740 Wolf Friedrich
Cornetz (4th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1740 - 21 Dec 1741 Johannes Hofer (8th
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1741 - 20 Dec 1742 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1742 - 20 Dec 1742 Philip Jacob Friess
(1st time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1743 - 17 Dec 1744 Johannes Hofer (9th
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1744 - 14 Dec 1745 Hans Heinrich
Dolfuss (3rd time) (s.a.)
14 Dec 1745 - 22 Dec 1746 Philip Jacob Friess
(2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1746 - 21 Dec 1747 Johannes Hofer (10th
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1747 - 19 Dec 1748 Sebastian Spörlin
(1st time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1748 - 18 Dec 1749 Hans Michel Hartmann
(1st time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1749 - 17 Dec 1750 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(1st time)
17 Dec 1750 - 23 Dec 1751 Sebastian Spörlin
(2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1751 - 21 Dec 1752 Hans Michel Hartmann
(2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1752 - 20 Dec 1753 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Dec 1753 - 19 Dec 1754 Sebastian Spörlin
(3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1754 - 18 Dec 1755 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(1st time)
18 Dec 1755 - 23 Dec 1756 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(3rd time)
23 Dec 1756 - 22 Dec 1757 Sebastian Spörlin
(4th time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1757 - 21 Dec 1758 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(2nd time)
21 Dec 1758 - 20 Dec 1759 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(4th time)
20 Dec 1759 - 18 Dec 1760 Sebastian Spörlin
(5th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1760 - 17 Dec 1761 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Dec 1761 - 23 Dec 1762 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(5th time)
23 Dec 1762 - 22 Dec 1763 Jacob Rissler (1st
time) (s.a.)
22 Dec 1763 - 20 Dec 1764 Niclaus Heilmann zum
Engel (s.a.)
(4th time)
20 Dec 1764 - 19 Dec 1765 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(6th time)
19 Dec 1765 - 18 Dec 1766 Jacob Rissler (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1766 - 17 Dec 1767 Friedrich Cornetz
(1st time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1767 - 22 Dec 1768 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(7th time)
22 Dec 1768 - 21 Dec 1769 Jacob Rissler (3rd
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1770 Friedrich Cornetz
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1770 - 19 Dec 1771 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(8th time)
19 Dec 1771 - 17 Dec 1772 Jacob Rissler (4th
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1772 - 23 Dec 1773 Friedrich Cornetz
(3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1773 - 22 Dec 1774 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(9th time)
22 Dec 1774 - 21 Dec 1775 Jacob Rissler (5th
time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1775 - 19 Dec 1776 Friedrich Cornetz
(4th time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1776 - 18 Dec 1777 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(10th time)
18 Dec 1777 - 17 Dec 1778 Jacob Rissler (6th
time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1778 - 23 Dec 1779 Friedrich Cornetz
(5th time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1779 - 30 Oct 1780 Johannes Hofer "der
Jüngere" (s.a.)
(11th time)
30 Oct 1780 - 21 Dec 1780 .... (acting)
21 Dec 1780 - 20 Dec 1781 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(1st time)
20 Dec 1781 - 19 Dec 1782 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(1st time)
19 Dec 1782 - 18 Dec 1783 Johannes Dollfuss
(1st time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1783 - 23 Dec 1784 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1784 - 21 Dec 1786 Johannes Michael
Spörlein (s.a.)
(2nd time)
21 Dec 1786 - 20 Dec 1787 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(3rd time)
20 Dec 1787 - 18 Dec 1788 Johannes Michael
Spörlein (s.a.)
(3rd time)
18 Dec 1788 - 17 Dec 1789 Johannes Dollfuss
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1789 - 23 Dec 1790 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss
(s.a.)
(4th time)
23 Dec 1790 - 22 Dec 1791 Johannes Michael
Spörlein
(s.a.)
(4th time)
22 Dec 1791 - 20 Dec 1792 Johannes Dollfuss
(3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Dec 1792 - 19 Dec 1793 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(5th time)
19 Dec 1793 - 18 Dec 1794 Paulus Blech (1st
time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1794 - 17 Dec 1795 Johannes Dollfuss
(4th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1795 - 22 Dec 1796 Johannes Heinrich
Dollfuss (s.a.)
(6th time)
22 Dec 1796 - 15 Mar 1798 Johannes (Jean)
Hofer
(b. 1746 - d. 1810)
President of the Municipality
15 Mar 1798 - 21 Dec 1800 Pierre
Thierry
(b. 1743 - d. 1807)
Mayor
21 Dec 1800 - 9 Feb 1801 Jean-Michel
Hofer
(b. 1747 - d. 1808)
(continues to 1807)
Navarre: see Béarn et Navarre under Provinces of France to 1791
Orange: see under Provinces of France to 1791
Paris Commune
|
|
![[Paris Commune Flag
1871 (Paris, France)]](om-old.gif "[Paris Commune
Flag 1871 (Paris, France)]")
| Map of
Paris Commune |
Hear
Commune Anthem "La Marseillaise de la Commune" (The Marseillais of the Commune) |
Commune
Manifesto (19 Apr 1871) |
City Population: 1,851,000 (1871) |
18 Mar 1871
Commune of Paris (in rebellion against
French government).
7 Apr
1871
French army captures the Seine River crossing at
Neuilly.
3 May
1871
French government begins conquest of Communard areas.
9 May
1871
Fort Issay captured by the French army.
28 May
1871
Commune extinguished.
Presidents of the Commune (in
rebellion)
18 Mar 1871 - 28 Mar 1871 Central
Committee of the Republican
Federation of the National Guard
28 Mar
1871
Charles Victor Beslay (acting)
(b. 1795 - d. 1878) Int
29 Mar
1871
Gustave Adolphe
Lefrançais
(b. 1826 - d. 1901) SR
29 Mar 1871 - 20 Apr 1871 Executive
Commission
- Émile Désiré François
Eudes (b. 1843 - d.
1888) Bla
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Émile Victor
Duval
(b. 1841 - d. 1871) Bla/Int
(to 4 Apr 1871)
- Jules Henri Marius
Bergeret (b. 1830 - d.
1905) Mil
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Edmé Marie Gustave
Tridon (b. 1841 -
d. 1871) Bla
- Gustave Adolphe
Lefrançais
(s.a.)
SR
(to 3 Apr 1871)
- Félix
Pyat
(b. 1810 - d. 1889) Int
- Marie Édouard
Vaillant
(b. 1840 - d. 1915) SR/Int
- Frédéric Étienne
Cournet
(b. 1839 - d. 1885) Mil
(from 3 Apr 1871)
- Charles
Delescluze
(b. 1809 - d. 1871) Jac
(from 4 Apr 1871)
- Augustin Germain
Avrial
(b. 1840 - d. 1904) SR
(from 10 Apr 1871)
- Auguste Jean Marie
Vermorel (b. 1841 - d.
1871) SR
(from Apr 1871)
20 Apr 1871 - 1 May 1871 Executive
Commission
- Gustave Paul
Cluseret
(b. 1823 - d. 1900) Int
- François Jourde
(b. 1843 - d. 1893)
Non-party?
- Auguste Vincent Pompée Viard
(b. 1836 - d. 1892) Mil
- Jean-François Paschal Grousset (b. 1844 -
d. 1909) SR
- Leó
Fränkel
(b. 1844 - d. 1896) SR/Int
- Eugène
Protot
(b. 1839 - d. 1921) Bla
- Jules Louis
Andrieu
(b. 1820 - d. 1884) Int
- Marie Édouard Vaillant
(s.a.)
SR/Int
- Raoul Adolphe Georges Rigault (b. 1846 -
d. 1871) Bla
(to 24 Apr 1871)
- Frédéric Étienne
Cournet
(s.a.)
Mil
(from 24 Apr 1871)
1 May 1871 - 25 May 1871 Committee
of Public Welfare
- Gabriel
Ranvier
(b. 1828 - d. 1879) Bla
- Armand Antoine Jules Arnault (b.
1831 - d. 1885) Int
- Léon Meillet
(b. 1843 - d.
1909) SR/Int
(to 9 May 1871 and from 17 May 1871)
- Félix
Pyat
(s.a.)
Int
(to 9 May 1871)
- Charles Hypolite Louis Gérardin (b. 1843 - d.
1921) Mil
(to 9 May 1871)
- Louis Charles
Delescluze
(s.a.)
Jac
(9-12 May 1871)
- Charles Ferdinand
Gambon
(b. 1820 - d. 1887) SR
(from 9 May 1871)
- Émile Désiré François
Eudes
(s.a.)
Bla
(from 9 May 1871)
- Alfred Édouard
Billioray
(b. 1841 - d. 1876) Mil
(from 12 May 1871)
- Simon
Dereure
(b. 1838 - d. 1900) Int
(from 17 May 1871)
- Jules
Johannard
(b. 1843 - d. 1892) Int
(from 17 May 1871)
25 May 1871 - 28 May 1871 Louis Eugène
Varlin
(b. 1839 - d. 1871) Mil
(head of the Central Committee of National Guard)
Party/faction abbreviations: Bla =
Blanquistes (partisans of Louis-Auguste Blanqui [b. 1805
- d. 1881], extreme-left); Int = Internationale
([first] International, Karl Marx's socialist
organization, 1864-1876); Jac = Jacobins
(leftist republican); SR = Socialistes
Révolutionnaires (Revolutionary Socialists)
28 Sep 1870 - 29 Sep 1870 Attempt to
create a revolutionary commune.
23 Mar 1871 - 24 Mar 1871 Attempt to create a
revolutionary commune.
Chairman of the Central Committee of Salvation of
France (in rebellion)
28 Sep 1870 - 29 Sep 1870 Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Bakunin (b. 1814 - d. 1876)
23 Mar 1871 - 24 Mar 1871 Communal Commission
(in rebellion)
- Bouvatier
- Crestin
- Durand
- Perret
- B. Velay
1 Nov 1870 - 7 Nov 1870 Attempt to
create a revolutionary commune.
23 Mar 1871 - 4 Apr 1871 Attempt to create a
revolutionary commune.
President of the Revolutionary Commune (in
rebellion)
1 Nov 1870 - 7 Nov 1870 Joseph Vidal
Adolphe Carcassonne (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
President of the Departmental Commission (in
rebellion)
23 Mar 1871 - 4 Apr 1871 Gaston
Crémieux
(b. 1836 - d. 1871)
© Ben Cahoon