Colombia
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- to 4 Oct 1812, 1816
- 17 Dec 1819
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- 14 Jul 1811 - 4 Oct 1812
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- 4 Oct 1812 - 14 Nov 1815
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- 14 Nov 1815 - 1816
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- 17 Dec 1819 - 9 May 1834
- (provisional from 17 Dec
1831)
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- 9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861
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![[Republic of Colombia (1834-1861)
state flag] [Republic of
Colombia (1834-1861) state flag]](co_ngn3.gif)
- 9 May 1834 - 17 Apr 1854 and
- 4 Dec 1854 - 26 Jul 1861
State Flag
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- 9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861
Civil Ensign
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- 17 Apr - 4 Dec 1854 State
Flag
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- 26 Jul 1861 - 26 Nov 1861
State Flag
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- Adopted 26 Nov 1861
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26 Nov 1861 - 28 Apr 1890 Civil
Ensign
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![[Republic of
Colombia Civil Ensign (1890-1906)] [Republic of Colombia
Civil Ensign (1890-1906)]](co-his15.gif)
28 Apr 1890 - 14 Jul 1906 Civil
Ensign
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Adopted 9 Nov 1949 Naval Ensign
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Map
of Colombia |
Hear
National Anthem
"Himno Nacional de la
República de Colombia”
(National Anthem
of the Republic of Colombia)
or "Oh Gloria
inmarcesible!"
(O Unfading Glory!)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 28 Oct 1920
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Constitution
(5 Jul 1991)
(1821,
1853,
1886
constitutions) |
Capital:
Bogotá
(Santa Fé de Bogotá 1549-1816,
1816-1819;
Popayán 8 May-29 Jun 1816;
Tunja 1539-1549)
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Currency:
Colombian Peso (COP); 1837-1861
Colombian
Escudo (COE)
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National
Holiday: 20 Jul (1810)
Día de la Independencia
(Independence Day)
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Population:
48,168,996 (2018) |
GDP: $711.6
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$39.4 billion (2017)
Imports: $44.2
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
mestizo and white 84.2%,
Afro-Colombian
(includes mulatto, Raizal, and
Palenquero) 10.4%,
Amerindian 3.4%, Romani 0.01,
unspecified 2.1% (2005)
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Total Active
Armed Forces: 285,220 (2010)
Merchant marine:
103 ships (2017)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 79%, Protestant 14%
(includes
Pentecostal 6%, mainline
Protestant 2%, other 6%),
other 2%, unspecified 5% (2014)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACS,
ACTO, ANT, APM, BCIE (nonregional), BIS,
BTWC, CAN, Caricom (observer), CCM, CD,
CDB, CELAC,
CTBT, CWC, EITI,
ESCR, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA
(accession), IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA,
ISA (observer),
ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAP,
LU, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, NATO (global
partner), NPT, NTBT, OAS,
OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, OST (signatory), PA,
PCA, PROSUR, SEGIB, SICA
(observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC,
UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
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Colombia
Index
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Chronology
1509
Spanish begin to colonize area of Nueva
Reino de
Granada or simply Nueva
Granada (New Granada).
Tierra Firme is divided into
two administrative
units called gobernaciónes: Nueva
Andalucía and
Castilla
de Oro (subordinated to Santo
Domingo).
20 Jan 1510 - Jun 1510
San Sebastián de Urabá founded
by Alonso de Ojeda
(b.
c.1466 - d. c.1515), as the the first
Spanish
settlement in continental South
America.
1513 -
1519
Nueva Andalucía merged
with Castilla de Oro as
the
Gobernación de Castilla de Oro
with Pedro
Arias de Ávila (b. 1440 - d. 1551)
governor
(see under Panama).
29 Jul
1525
Santa Marta founded by Rodrigo de
Bastidas
(d. 1527).
15 Jan
1533
Cartagena de Indias founded by Pedro
de Heredia.
6 Aug
1538
Santa Fé de Bogotá founded by Gonzalo
Jiménez de
Quesada y Rivera.
1542
By 1542 modern
Colombian territory was divided into
3 gobernaciónes
that emerged in parallel to the
foundation of the respective cities.
Those
governments were: Santa Marta (1525),
Cartagena
de
Indias (1533), and Popayán
(1536).
17 Jul 1549
Real Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de
Granada in
Santafé de Bogotá founded (Royal Court
of New
Kingdom of Granada)(installed Apr
1550), part of
the
Viceroyalty of Peru
(incl. Cartagena de
Indias, Santa Marta, and Popayán [to
1563]).
27 May
1717
Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of
Granada
(Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de
Granada, or
Virreinato
de Nueva Granada) separated from
Peru
(effective 1718)(composed of Reales
Audiencias
de Santafé, Quito [see Ecuador] and
the Capitanía
de Venezuela)(by
Real Cédula of 27 May 1717).
17 May 1724 - 20 Aug
1739 Re-incorporated into Peru,
Viceroyalty suppressed
(by
Real Cédula of 5 Nov
1723).
20 Aug
1739
Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada
(restored)(includes
former jurisdictions plus Panama)(by
Real Cédula
of 20
Aug 1739).
8 Sep
1777
Captaincy-general of Venezuela
detached.
4 Apr
1811
Local juntas, acting nominally in
favor of deposed
King Fernando VII dethroned by
Napoléon, depose
the viceroy and set up local rule
(Panama and
Santiago remain loyal to Spain).
27 Nov 1811 - 1816
United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias
Unidas
de
la Nueva Granada); a confederation
constituted
by the provinces of Antioquia,
Cartagena, Neiva,
Pamplona, and Tunja.
1816
Reconquest
by Spain, polity extinguished.
7 Aug 1819 - 10 Nov
1820 Simon Bolívar's campaign to
liberate New Granada.
11 Sep
1819
Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias
Libres
de
la Nueva Granada) organized
17 Dec 1819
Republic of Colombia (República de
Colombia)(called
"Gran Colombia"), unification of
Venezuela and
Nueva Granada (independence from
Spain).
12 Feb 1820 - 8 Oct 1821
Forms a part of Gran Colombia as Departamento
de
Cundinamarca
when the Organic Law of República
de
Colombia
is promulgated and takes effect in
Provincias
libres de la Nueva Granada.
10 Nov 1820
Santa Marta liberated from Spanish
rule.
8 Oct
1821
Territory of Departamento de
Cundinamarca is
reconstituted as departamentos
of Boyacá,
Cundinamarca, Cauca and Magdalena (in
accordance
with
a law passed by the Congreso
of Gran
Colombia 2 Oct 1821 and
promulgated 8 Oct 1821).
24 Dec 1822
Pasto liberated from Spanish rule.
21 Nov
1831
Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela,
and
Ecuador.
21 Nov
1831
State of New Granada (Estado de la
Nueva Granada)
(provinces of the central part of Gran
Colombia
are
organized as a state under the name of
Nueva
Granada).
17 Dec 1831
Use of República
de Colombia in inscriptions,
seals
and
other items is replaced with Colombia.
1 Mar 1832
Estado
de la Nueva Granada and Nueva
Granada are
used
as terms of reference in the
Constitution of
Nueva
Granada passed by Convención
29 Feb 1832.
9 May
1843
Republic of New Granada (República
de la Nueva
Granada)(ese of Estado de
la Nueva Granada in
official documents, seals and other
items is
replaced with República de la
Nueva Granada).
1 Oct 1843
República de la Nueva
Granada and Nueva Granada
are used as terms of reference in the
Constitution of Nueva Granada
passed by Senado
and
Cámara de Representantes 20 Apr
1843.
22 May 1858
Granadine Confederation (Confederación
Granadina)
(in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13
Jan 1863).
10 Sep 1860
United States of New Granada (Estados
Unidos de
Nueva
Granada)(treaty of union between
the states
of
Cauca and Bolívar signed, state of
Magdalena
joins the treaty of union 4 Dec 1860).
18 Jul 1861
Government of Confederación
Granadina ceased to
function de facto upon capturing of
head of state
by
the troops of Estados Unidos de
Nueva Granada.
20 Sep
1861
United States of Colombia (Estados
Unidos de
Colombia)(treaty
of union between the states of
Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca,
Magdalena,
Santander and Tolima).
10 Sep 1880
Spain recognizes the independence of
Colombia.
1 Dec 1885
Republic of
Colombia (República de Colombia)(style
not formally abolished until the
taking effect
of the Constitution of 1886 on 7 Sep
1886).
4 Nov
1903
Independence of Panama
(formally recognized by
Colombia 1 Mar 1922).
8 Sep
1972
Quita Sueño Bank, Roncador Cay, and
Serrana Bank
transferred to Colombia by the U.S.
(effective
17 Sep 1981); but not the Serranilla
Bank.
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Colombia
(since 1831)
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States
(1855-1886)
and
Panama
(1821-1903)
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Viceroyalty
of
New Granada
(1694-1821)
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Cundinamarca
(1811-1814)
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Cartagena
(1810-1812)
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Antioquia
(1810-1815)
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Tunja
(1812)
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United
Provinces
(1812-1816)
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Gran
Colombia
(1819-1831)
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Santa
Catalina
(1628-1689)
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Historical Maps
of Colombia
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New Granada
Governors
6 Aug 1538 - 12 May 1539 Gonzalo
Jiménez de Quesada y (b.
c.1496 - d. 1579)
Rivera
12 May 1539 - Jul 1543
Hernán Pérez de Quesada (interim) (b. c.1500
- d. 1544)
Jul 1543 - Dec 1544
Alonso Luis
Fernández de Lugo (b. c.1506 -
d. 1556)
Dec 1544 - 2 May 1545
Lope Montalvo de Lugo (interim)
(d. 1556)
2 May 1545 - 17 Jan 1547 Pedro de
Ursúa
(b. 1526 - d. 1561)
17 Jan 1547 - 2 Jun 1551 Miguel
Díez de Armendáriz
(d. 1551)
2 Jun 1551 - 1558
Juan de
Montaño (Lavado)
(d. 1558)
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general
1558 - 21 Feb 1564
the Audiencia del Nuevo
Reino de Granada
21 Feb 1564 - 1574
Andrés Díaz de Venero y Leyva
(b. 1515 - d. 1576)
23 Mar 1575 - 13 Dec 1575 Francisco
Briceño
(b. 1500 - d. 1575)
13 Dec 1575 - 29 Aug 1578 the Audiencia
del Nuevo Reino de Granada
29 Aug 1578 - Feb 1580
Lope Díez de Aux y Armendáriz (b.
c.1520 - d. 1585)
Castrejón, señor de Cadreita
Feb 1580 - Mar
1582 Juan
Bautista de Monzón (interim) (d. 1594)
(visitador)
Mar 1582 -
1585
Juan Prieto de Orellana (interim) (b. 15.. - d.
1625)
(visitador)
1585 -
1590
Francisco Guillén Chaparro (interim)(b. c.1554 - d.
1600)
30 Mar 1590 - Aug 1597
Antonio González
(b. c.1535 - d.
1601)
23 Aug 1597 - 12 Sep 1602 Francisco de
Sande Picón (b.
c.1540 - d. 1602)
12 Sep 1602 - 2 Oct 1605 the Audiencia
del Nuevo Reino de Granada
2 Oct 1605 - 12 Feb 1628 Juan
Buenaventura de Borja y
(b. 1564 - d. 1628)
Armendía
12 Feb 1628 - 1 Feb 1630 the
Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
1 Feb 1630 - 4 Oct 1637
Sancho Girón de Narváez,
marqués (b. c.1596 - d. 1637)
de Sofraga
5 Oct 1637 - Dec
1645 Martín de Saavedra Galindo
de (b. 1594 - d. 1654)
Guzmán,
barón de Prado
23 Dec 1645 -
1654 Juan
Fernández de Córdoba y Coalla, (b. c.1595 - d. 1664)
marqués de Miranda de Anta
24 Apr 1654 - 29 Jun 1659 Dionisio Pérez
Manrique, (b.
1598? - d. 1678)
marqués de Santiago (1st time)
29 Jun 1659 - 16 Jan 1660 Juan Cornejo
(interim)
(d. c.1667)
16 Jan 1660 - 2 Feb 1662 Dionisio
Pérez Manrique,
(s.a.)
marqués de Santiago (2nd time)
2 Feb 1662 - 25 Dec 1664 Diego de
Egües i Beaumont
(b. c.1612 - d. 1664)
25 Dec 1664 - 12 Jun 1666 Francisco de
Leyva (acting)
12 Jun 1666 - 10 Aug 1667 Diego del Corro y
Carrascal (b. c.1625 - d.
1673)
10 Aug 1667 - 2 Jun 1671 Diego de
Villalba y
Toledo,
(b. c.1610 - d. c.1680)
marqués de Campo, señor de la
Villa de Santacruz de Pinares
2 Jun 1671 - 18 Jun 1674 Melchor de
Liñán y Cisneros (b. 1629 -
d. 1708)
(interim)
18 Jun 1674 - 4 Jan 1679
the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá
4 Jan 1679 - 6 Sep 1685
Francisco del Castillo de la Concha (b. 1652 - d.
1685)
28 Nov 1685 - 6 Sep 1686 Sebastián
Alfonso de Velasco (b. c.1610
- c.1690)
8 Sep 1686 - 10 May 1691 Gil de
Cabrera y Dávalos (1st time) (b. 1646 - d. 1712)
10 May 1691 - 10 Feb 1694 Francisco José
Merlo de la Fuente (b. 1650 - d. 1709)
(acting)
10 Feb 1694 - 21 Jun 1703 Gil de
Cabrera y Dávalos (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1703 - 3 Sep 1710 Diego de
Córdoba Lasso de la Vega, (b. 1629 - d. 1720)
marqués del Vado (1st time)
3 Sep 1710 - 2 Jun 1711
Francisco Cossío y Otero, arzobispo (b. 1640 - d. 1715)
de Santa Fé (interim)
21 Jun 1711 - 4 Feb 1712 Diego de
Córdoba Lasso de la Vega, (s.a.)
marqués del Vado (2nd time)
4 Feb 1712 - 15 Sep 1715 Francisco
Meneses Bravo de Saravia (b. 1669 - d. 1723)
15 Sep 1715 - 23 Apr 1717
the Audiencia de Santafé de
Bogotá
23 Apr 1717 - 13 Jun
1718 Francisco del Rincón, arzobispo
(b. 1650 - d. 1723)
de Santa Fé de Bogotá (interim)
Viceroys
13 Jun 1718 - 17 Dec 1719
Antonio Ignacio de la Pedrosa y (b.
1660 - d. c.1723)
Guerrero, señor de la villa de
Buxes (interim)
17 Dec 1719 - 17 May 1724 Jorge de
Villalonga i Fortuny, (b.
1665 - d. 1735)
conde de La Cueva
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general
17 May 1724 - 19 Feb 1731
Antonio Manso y Maldonado
(b. c.1670 - d. 1755?)
19 Feb 1731 - 14 May 1733 Commissioners
of the Audiencia
- José Joaquín Martínez Malo
(b. 1683 - d. 1741)
- José de Quintana y Acevedo
(b. c.1690 - d. 1765)
- Jorge Miguel Lozano de Peralta (b.
1731 - d. 1793)
- José Ventura de Castilla y
(b. c.1691 - d. 1734)
Lisperguer
14 May 1733 - 24 Apr 1737 Rafael de
Eslava y
Lazaga
(b. 1685 - d. 1737)
24 Apr 1737 - 20 Aug 1738 the Audiencia
de Santafé de Bogotá
20 Aug 1738 - 1 Sep 1738 Antonio González
Manrique
(b. 1695 - d. 1738)
1 Sep 1738 - 25 Mar 1739 the Audiencia
de Santafé de Bogotá
25 Mar 1739 - 24 Apr 1740 Francisco González
Manrique
(b. c.1698 - d. 1747)
(interim)
Viceroys
24 Apr 1740 - 5 Nov 1749 Sebastián
de Eslava y Lazaga
(b. 1685 - d. 1759)
5 Nov 1749 - 24 Nov 1753 José
Alfonso Pizarro, marqués
(b. 1689 - d. 1762)
del Villar
24 Nov 1753 - 24 Feb 1761 José Manuel
Solís Folch de Cardona (b. 1716 - d. 1770)
25 Feb 1761 - 31 Nov 1772 Pedro Messía de
la
Cerda,
(b. 1700 - d. 1783)
marqués de la Vega de Armíjo
22 Apr 1773 - 10 Feb 1776 Manuel de
Guirior y Portal de
(b. 1708 - d. 1788)
Huarte y Edozain, marqués de
Guirior
10 Feb 1776 - 1 Mar 1782 Manuel
Antonio Flores Maldonado (b.
1723 - d. 1799)
Martínez y Bodequín
31 Mar 1782 - 12 Jun 1782 Juan de
Torrezar y Díaz Pimienta (b. c.1720 -
d. 1782)
(interim)
12 Jun 1782 - 15 Jul 1782 the Audiencia
de Santafé de Bogotá
15 Jul 1782 - 8 Jan 1789 Juan Antonio
Caballero y Góngora (b. 1723 - d.
1796)
8 Jan 1789 - 1 Aug 1789
Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (b.
1736 - d. 1809)
1 Aug 1789 - 2 Jan 1797 José
Manuel Ignacio Timoteo de
(b. 1741 - d. 1823)
Ezpeleta Galdeano Dicastillo y
del Prado
2 Jan 1797 - 16 Sep 1803 Pedro
Mendinueta y
Múzquiz
(b. 1736 - d. 1825)
16 Sep 1803 - 25 Jul 1810 Antonio José de
Amar y Borbón (b.
1742 - d. 1826)
Arguedas y Vallejo de Santacruz
20 Jul 1810 - 4 Oct 1812 José
Miguel Pey y García de Andrade (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
(president of the Supreme Governing Junta)
21 Mar 1812 - 12 Nov 1812 Benito Pérez
Brito de los Ríos (b. 1747
- d. 1813)
y
Fernández Valdelomar
(in Portobelo, Panama in refuge from Bogotá)
30 May 1813 - 9 Mar 1818 Francisco
José Montalvo y Ambulodi, (b. 1754 - d.
1822)
Montalvo y Arriola
(captain-general,
jefe político superior to 30 Apr 1816)
9 Mar 1818 - 3 Aug 1821 Juan
José Francisco de Sámano y (b. 1753 - d.
1821)
Uribarri de Rebollar y Mazorra
(in Panama, titular from 9 Aug 1819)
17 Aug 1821 - 3/8 Apr 1822 Juan de la Cruz
Mourgeon y Achet (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
(titular, in Quito)
Independent
provinces
Note: This record is in four
parts: (1) some provinces that became independent of
Spain and later joined the United Provinces; (2) the
United Provinces of New Granada, from independence to
reconquest by Spain, after which they became part of
Great Colombia; (3) Great Colombia (a historians' term,
never official), encompassed New Granada (later
Colombia), Venezuela, and Ecuador; and (4) New
Granada/Colombia from the breakup of Great Colombia.
Cundinamarca
-
- 4 Apr 1811 - 7 Aug 1813
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-
- 7 Aug 1813 - 12 Dec 1814
|
6 Aug
1538
Santa Fé de Bogotá founded by Spain.
4 Apr
1811
Independence (State of Cundinamarca [Estado de
Cundinamarca]).
4 Apr 1811 - 19 Jul 1813 Government
is carried out in the name of Fernando VII (who
did not
accept the office)¹.
19 Jul
1813
Monarchy abolished.
12 Dec
1814
Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.
Presidents of the State and Vicegerents of the
King's Person
(Presidente constitucional del Estado de
Cundinamarca y Vicegerente de la persona del Rey)
4 Apr 1811 - 21 Sep 1811 José Tadeo Lozano
de Peralta y
González Manrique, vizconde de (b. 1771 - d.
1816)
Pastrana
21 Sep 1811 - 19 Aug 1812 Antonio Amador
José Nariño y (b.
1765 - d. 1823)
Álvarez del Casal (1st time)
(interim to 24 Dec 1811)
19 Aug 1812 - 12 Sep 1812 Manuel Benito
de Castro
y
(b. 1751 - d. 1826)
Díaz de Arcaya (acting)
12 Sep 1812 - 19 Jul 1813 Antonio Amador
José Nariño y (s.a.)
Álvarez del Casal (2nd time)
Presidents of the State
19 Jul 1813 - 14 May 1814 Antonio Amador
José Nariño y (s.a.)
Álvarez del Casal
14 May 1814 - 20 Dec 1814 Manuel de
Bernardo Álvarez del (b. 1743 -
d. 1816)
Casal
¹Full style: Por la gracia de Dios
y por la voluntad y consentimiento del pueblo,
legítima y constitucionalmente representado, Rey de
los cundinamarqueses, etc. ("By the grace of God
and the will and consent of the town, legitimate
and constitutionally represented, King of the Cundinamarqueses,
etc.")
Cartagena
-
![[Flag of the Cartagena state 1810-1811
(Colombia)] [Flag of the
Cartagena state 1810-1811 (Colombia)]](co_cart2.gif)
- 1811 - 17 Nov 1811
|
-
![[Flag of the Cartagena state 1811-1812
(Colombia)] [Flag of the
Cartagena state 1811-1812 (Colombia)]](co-bo_cg.gif)
- 17 Nov 1811 - 4 Oct 1812
|
1 Jun
1533
Cartagena de Indias founded by Spain.
11 Nov
1811
Independence (Province of Cartagena de Indias [Provincia
de Cartagena de Indias]).
20 Jan
1812
State of Cartagena de Indias (Estado de
Cartagena de Indias).
4 Oct
1812
Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.
Presidents of the Supreme Government Junta
13 Aug 1810
- 1 Jan 1811 José María García de Toledo y
(b. 1769 - d. 1816)
Madariaga (1st time)
1 Jan 1811
- 1 May 1811 José María del Real e Hidalgo
(b. 1767 - d. 1835)
1 May 1811
- 1 Sep 1811 José María García de Toledo y
(s.a.)
Madariaga (2nd time)
1 Sep 1811
- 20 Jan 1812 Ignacio Cavero y
Cárdenas
(b. 1757 - d. 1834)
Governor President
21 Jan 1812
- 1 Apr 1812 José María del Real e
Hidalgo (s.a.)
Dictator Vice President
1 Apr 1812 - 15 Jun 1812
Manuel Juan Robustiano de los
Dolores Rodríguez Torices
y (b. 1788 - d. 1816)
Quiroz
Governor President
15 Jun 1812 - 4 Oct 1812
Manuel Juan Robustiano de los
Dolores Rodríguez Torices
y (s.a.)
Quiroz
Antioquia
![[State of Antioquia, 1811-1813 (Colombia)] [State of Antioquia,
1811-1813 (Colombia)]](co_cart1.gif)
2 Nov
1675
Medellín founded by Spain.
29 Dec
1811
State of Antioquia (Estado de Antioquia),
independence from
United Provinces.
10 Nov
1812
Antioquia recognizes the Congress of the United
Provinces of
New Granada.
7 Feb
1813
Incorporation into New Granada.
Jul
1815
Constitution adopts the "pact" of the United Provinces
of New
Granada fully incorporating Antioquia.
Presidents of the Superior Government Junta
10 Sep 1810 - 17 Feb 1811 Francisco de
Ayala Gudiño Medina (b. 1751 - d. 1816)
y Calderón
17 Feb 1811 - 27 Jul 1811 Juan Elías
López Tagle y (b.
1777 - d. 1819)
Madariaga (acting)
Presidents of the State
27 Jul 1811 - 29 Jul 1811 Juan Elías
López Tagle y
(s.a.)
Madariaga (provisional)
29 Jul 1811-11/29 Oct 1811 José María Montoya
Duque (b. 1757 - d.
1834)
11/29 Oct 1811-10 Oct 1812 José Antonio Aurelio
Gómez Londoño (b. 1754 - d. 1812)
14 Oct 1812 - 30 Jul 1813 José Miguel de
Restrepo y Puerta (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
30 Jul 1813 - 7 Apr 1814 Juan
Bautista Antonio María del (b. 1778 - d.
1814)
Corral y Alonso Carriazo
(Dictator President to 1/5 Mar 1814)
15 Apr 1814-8/16 May 1814 José Miguel de
la Calle Vélez (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
(interim)
8/16 May 1814 - Jul 1815 Dionisio
Sánchez de Tejada y (b. 1769 - d.
1816)
Nieto de
Paz
Tunja
6 Aug
1539
Tunja founded by Spain.
1812
State of Tunja (Estado de Tunja)(also in
constitutional use:
Republic of Tunja [República de Tunja]),
independence from
the
United Provinces.
4 Oct
1812
Re-incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.
Governor President
1812 - 4 Oct
1812
Juan Nepomuceno Niño y Muelle
(b. 1769 - d. 1816)
United Provinces of New
Granada
-
26 Apr 1814 - 14 Nov 1815
|
-
14
Nov 1815 - 1816
-
|
4 Oct
1812
United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias
Unidas
de la Nueva Granada); a
confederation constituted
by the provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva,
Pamplona, and Tunja.
1816
Reconquest by Spain, polity extinguished (Bogotá retaken
6 May
1816 and
Popayán on 29 Jun 1816).
President of the Congress, in-charge of the
Federal Executive Power
4 Oct 1812 - 5/6 Oct
1814 José Camilo Clemente
Torres (b.
1766 - d. 1816)
Tenorio
Presidents
of the United Provinces of New Granada
5/6 Oct 1814 - 28 Nov 1814
José María Eusebio Carlos
del (b. 1776 - d. 1835)
Rosario del Castillo y Rada
(acting)
28 Nov 1814 - 28 Mar
1815 José Custodio Cayetano
García (b. 1786 - d. 1816)
Rovira (1st time)
28 Mar 1815 - 28 Jul
1815 José Miguel Pey y García
de (b. 1775 -
d. 1838)
Andrade
28 Jul 1815 - 15 Nov
1815 Manuel Juan Robustiano de
los (s.a.)
Dolores Rodríguez Torices y
Quiroz
15 Nov 1815 - 14 Mar
1816 José Camilo Clemente
Torres (s.a.)
Tenorio
14 Mar 1816 - 22 Jun
1816 José Luis Álvaro Alvino Fernández (b.
1789 - d. 1830)
Madrid y Fernández de Castro
22 Jun 1816 - 30 Jun
1816 Liborio José Apolinar Mejía y
(b. 1792 - d. 1816) Mil
Gutíerrez de Lara (acting)
30 Jun 1816 - 10 Jul
1816 José Custodio Cayetano
García (s.a.)
Rovira (2nd time)
16 Jul 1816 - 1816
Manuel Fernando Serrano y
Uribe (b. 1789 - d. 1819) Mil
Gran Colombia (Great
Colombia)
Note: Gran Colombia (or
Great Colombia) is a historical term, never official,
encompassing New Granada (later Colombia),
Venezuela, and Quito (later Ecuador).
17 Dec
1819
Republic of Colombia (República de Colombia);
independence
from Spain, again.
21 Nov
1831
Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Presidents
17 Dec 1819
- 4 May 1830 Simón José Antonio de
la
(b. 1783 - d. 1830) Mil
Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y
Palacios
(President-Liberator from 14 Jan 1820)
4 May 1830
- 13 Jun 1830 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de
(b.
1783 - d. 1843) Con
Santamaría (1st time) (acting)
13 Jun 1830
- 4 Sep 1830 Joaquín Mariano Mosquera Figueroa
(b. 1787 - d. 1877) Non-party
y Arboleda Salazar
5 Sep 1830
- 30 Apr 1831 Rafael José Urdaneta Faría
(acting)(b. 1789 - d. 1845) Mil
14 Apr 1831 - 21
Nov 1831 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de
(s.a.)
Con
Santamaría (2nd time)(acting)
(in opposition to 30 Apr 1831, enters Bogotá 2
May 1831)
Free Provinces of
New Granada
-
- 10 Jan 1820 - 8 Oct 1821
|
-
- 10 Jan 1820 - 8 Oct 1821
Variant
|
11 Sep 1819
Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias
Libres de la Nueva
Granada).
17 Dec 1819
Part of Gran Colombia.
12 Feb 1820
Cundinamarca Department (Departamento
de Cundinamarca), within
Gran
Colombia.
8 Oct
1821
Territory of Departamento de Cundinamarca is
reconstituted as the
departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Cauca, and
Magdalena.
- Vice
President of Free Provinces of New Granada (from 12
Feb 1820, Department of Cundinamarca)
20 Sep 1819 - 8 Oct
1821 Francisco José de Paula
Santander (b. 1792 - d. 1840) Mil
-
y Omaña
Colombia
- 21 Nov
1831
State of New Granada
9 May 1834
Republic of New Granada
22 May 1858 - 18 Jul 1861 Granadine
Confederation (in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13 Jan
1863).
10 Sep 1860
United States of New Granada
20 Sep
1861
United States of Colombia
1 Dec 1885
Republic of Colombia
- Presidents
- 21 Nov 1831 -
23 Nov 1831 Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de
(s.a.)
Con
-
Santamaría (1st time) (acting)
- 23 Nov 1831 -
10 Mar 1832 José María Ramón Obando y del
(b. 1797 - d. 1861) Mil
-
Campo (1st time) (acting)
- 10 Mar 1832 - 7 Oct 1832
José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto (b. 1793
- d. 1880) Con
-
(1st time) (acting)
- 7 Oct 1832 - 1
Apr 1837 Francisco José de Paula Santander
(s.a.)
Fed
-
y Omaña
- 1 Apr 1837 - 1 Apr 1841 José
Ignacio de Márquez Barreto
(s.a.)
Lib
-
(2nd time)
- 1 Apr 1841 - 2 May 1841
Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de
(s.a.)
Mil
-
Santamaría (2nd time)(acting)
- 2 May 1841 - 1 Apr 1845 Pedro
Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa (b.
1800 - d. 1872) Con
- 1 Apr 1845 - 1 Apr 1849 Tomás
Cipriano Ignacio María de (b. 1798 -
d. 1878) Non-party
-
Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
-
Salazar (1st time)
- 1 Apr 1849 - 1 Apr 1853 José
Hilario López Valdés
(b.
1798 - d. 1869) PL
- 1 Apr 1853 - 17 Apr 1854 José María
Ramón Obando y del
(s.a.)
PL
-
Campo (2nd time)
- 17 Apr 1854 - 4 Dec 1854 José María
Dionisio Melo y Ortiz (b. 1800 - d. 1860)
PL
-
(Supreme Chief of the Provisional
Government)
- 21 Apr 1854 - 5 Aug 1854
Tomás José Ramón del Carmen de (b.
1804 - d. 1854) PL
-
Herrera y Pérez Dávila
-
(acting; in rebellion, in Chocontá)
- 4 Dec 1854 - 1
Apr 1855 José Arsenio Vicente del
Carmen (b. 1806 - d. 1889) PL
-
de Obaldía y Orejuela
-
(acting [in rebellion from 5 Aug 1854])
- 1 Apr 1855 - 1
Apr 1857 Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen
(b. 1808 - d. 1872) PC
-
(acting)
- 1 Apr 1857 - 1
Apr 1861 Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
(b. 1805 - d. 1885) PC
- 25 Jan 1861 - 31 Mar 1861 Juan
José Nieto Gil (in dissidence)(b. 1805 - d.
1861) PL
- 1 Apr 1861 - 18 Jul 1861
Bartolomé Calvo y Díaz de Lamadrid (b. 1815 - d.
1889) PC
-
(acting)
- 18 Jul 1861 - 4 Feb 1863
Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de
(s.a.)
PLR
-
Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
-
Salazar (2nd time)(provisional)
- 30 Jul 1861 - 25 Jan 1862 Ignacio
Gutiérrez Vergara
(b.
1806 - d. 1877) PC
-
(acting, in rebellion)
- 18 Jul 1862 - 13 Jan 1863 Leonardo Canal
González (b.
1822 - d. 1894) Mil
-
(in rebellion)
- 4 Feb 1863 - 10 Feb 1863 Francisco
Javier Martínez de (b.
1811 - d. 1882) PLR
-
Zaldúa y de Racines
-
(president of the National Convention)
- 10 Feb 1863 - 14 May 1863
Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (1st time) (b. 1831 - d.
1885) PLR
-
(president of Executive Ministry)
- 14 May 1863 - 10 Apr 1864 Tomás
Cipriano Ignacio María de
(s.a.)
PLR
-
Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
-
Salazar
(3rd time)
-
(acting from 1 Apr 1864)
- 10 Apr 1864 - 1 Apr 1866
Manuel Murillo Toro (1st time)
(b. 1816 - d. 1880) PLR
- 1 Apr 1866
- 20 May 1866 José María Rojas
Garrido (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1883) PLM
- 20 May 1866 - 1 Nov
1867 Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María
de
(s.a.)
PLR
-
Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
-
Salazar
(4th time)
-
(imprisoned
from 23 May 1867, suspended 9 Jul 1867)
- 12 May 1867 - 28 Jun 1867 Manuel
Joaquín de Santa Isabel (b. 1833 -
d. 1875) PLR
-
Riascos García (acting; in dissidence)
- 23 May 1867 - 1 Apr 1868
Manuel María de los Santos Acosta (b. 1828 - d.
1901) PLR
-
y Castillo
-
(nominally acting for Mosquera to 1 Nov 1867)
- 1 Apr 1868 - 1
Apr 1870 José de los Santos
Gutiérrez (b. 1820
- d. 1872) PLR
-
Prieto
- 1 Apr 1870 - 1
Apr 1872 Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PLR
- 1 Apr 1872 - 1
Apr 1874 Manuel Murillo Toro (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
PLR
- 1 Apr 1874 - 1
Apr 1876 Santiago Pérez y Manosalbas
del (b. 1830 - d. 1900) PLR
-
Castillo
- 1 Apr 1876 - 1
Apr 1878 José Bonifacio Aquileo Elías
(b. 1825 - d.
1900) PLR
-
Parra Gómez
- 1 Apr 1878 - 8
Apr 1880 Julián Trujillo Largacha
(b. 1828 - d. 1883) LI
-
(acting from 1 Apr 1880)
- 8 Apr 1880 - 1
Apr 1882 Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo
(b. 1825 - d. 1894) LI
-
(1st time)
- 1 Apr 1882 - 21 Dec
1882 Francisco Javier Martínez de
(s.a.)
LI
-
Zaldúa y de Racines
- 21 Dec 1882 - 22 Dec 1882
Clímaco Calderón Reyes (acting) (b.
1852 - d. 1913) LI
- 22 Dec 1882 - 1 Apr
1884 José Eusebio Otálora Martínez
(b. 1828 - d. 1884) LI
- 1 Apr 1884
- 11 Aug 1884 Ezequiel Hurtado y Hurtado
(acting)(b. 1825 - d. 1890) PLR
- 11 Aug 1884 - 1 Apr
1886 Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo
(s.a.)
PN
-
(2nd time)
- 1 Apr 1886 - 6
Jan 1887 José María del Campo
Serrano (b. 1832 -
d. 1915) LI/PN
-
(acting)
- 6 Jan 1887 - 4
Jun 1887 José Eliseo Payán Hurtado (acting) (b.
1825 - d. 1895) LI
- 4 Jun 1887 - 18 Sep
1894 Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo
(s.a.)
PN
-
(3rd time)
- 13 Dec 1887 - 8 Feb 1888
José Eliseo Payán Hurtado
(s.a.)
LI
-
(acting for Núñez)
- 7 Aug 1888 - 7 Aug 1892 Carlos
Holguín
Mallarino
(b. 1832 - d. 1894) PN
-
(acting for Núñez)
- 7 Aug 1892 - 7 Aug 1898 Miguel
Antonio José Zoylo Cayetano (b. 1843 - d. 1909)
PN
-
Andrés Avelino de las Mercedes
-
Caro Tobar
-
(acting [for Núñez to 18 Sep 1894])
- 7 Aug 1898 - 3 Nov 1898 José
Manuel Cayetano Marroquín (b.
1827 - d. 1908) PN
-
Ricaurte (1st time)(acting)
- 3 Nov 1898 - 19 Mar 1902
Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
(b. 1814 -
d. 1902) PN
-
Sanclemente
(prevented from exercising office from
-
31 Jul 1900, under arrest from 3 Aug
1900)
- 1900 - Jul 1900
Gabriel Vargas
Santos
(b. 1829 - d. 1914) PL
-
(provisional, in dissidence)
- 31 Jul 1900 - 7 Aug 1904 José Manuel
Cayetano Marroquín (s.a.)
PN
-
Ricaurte (2nd time)
-
(acting
[nominally for Sanclemente to 19 Mar 1902])
- 7 Aug 1904 - 27 Jul 1909 José
Gregorio Ambrosio Rafael
(b. 1850 - d. 1921) PC
-
Reyes Prieto
- 9 Jun 1909 - 4 Aug
1909 Jorge Marcelo Holguín Mallarino
(b. 1848 - d. 1928) PC
-
(1st time)(acting [for Reyes to 27
Jul 1909])
- 4 Aug 1909 - 7 Aug 1910 José
Rafael Ramón Eufrasio
de (b. 1854 - d.
1928) PC
-
Jesús González Valencia
- 7 Aug 1910 - 7 Aug 1914 Carlos
Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo (b. 1867 - d.
1937) PC/UR
- 7 Aug 1914 - 7 Aug 1918 José
Vicente Concha Ferreira
(b. 1867 - d. 1929) PC
- 7 Aug 1918 - 7 Aug 1922 Marco
Fidel Suárez
(b. 1855 - d. 1927) PC
- 11 Nov 1921 - 7 Aug 1922 Jorge
Marcelo Holguín Mallarino
(s.a.)
PC
-
(2nd time)(acting for Suárez)
- 7 Aug 1922 - 7 Aug 1926 Pedro
Nel Ignacio Tomás de
(b. 1858 -
d. 1927) PC
-
Villanueva Ospina Vásquez
- 7 Aug 1926 - 7 Aug 1930 Miguel
Abadía Méndez
(b. 1867 - d. 1947) PC
- 7 Aug 1930 - 7 Aug 1934
Enrique Alfredo Olaya Herrera
(b. 1881 - d. 1937) PL
- 7 Aug 1934 - 7 Aug 1938
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1st time) (b. 1886 - d.
1959) PL
- 7 Aug 1938 - 7 Aug 1942
Eduardo Santos Montejo
(b. 1888 - d. 1974) PL
- 7 Aug 1942 - 7 Aug 1945
Alfonso López Pumarejo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL
- 19 Nov 1943 - 16 May 1944 Darío Echandía
Olaya
(b. 1897 - d. 1989) PL
(acting for López)
- 7 Aug 1945 - 7 Aug 1946 Alberto
Lleras Camargo (1st time) (b. 1906 - d.
1990) PL
-
(acting)
- 7 Aug 1946 - 7 Aug 1950 Luis
Mariano Ospina Pérez
(b.
1891 - d. 1976) PC
- 7 Aug 1950 - 13 Jun 1953 Laureano
Eleuterio Gómez Castro (b. 1889 - d.
1965) PC
- 5 Nov 1951 - 13 Jun 1953 Roberto
Urdaneta
Arbeláez
(b. 1890 - d. 1972) PC
-
(acting for Gómez Castro)
- 13 Jun 1953 - 10 May 1957 Gustavo Rojas
Pinilla
(b. 1900 - d. 1975) Mil
- 10 May 1957 - 7 Aug 1958 Gabriel
París Gordillo
(b. 1910 - d. 2008) Mil
-
(president of Military Junta of Government)
- 7 Aug 1958 - 7
Aug 1962 Alberto Lleras Camargo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL/FN
- 7 Aug 1962
- 7 Aug 1966 Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz
(b. 1909 - d. 1971)
PC/FN
- 7 Aug 1966
- 7 Aug 1970 Carlos Alberto Lleras
Restrepo (b. 1908 - d. 1994)
PL/FN
- 7 Aug 1970
- 7 Aug 1974 Misael Eduardo Pastrana
Borrero (b. 1923 - d. 1997) PC/FN
- 7 Aug 1974
- 7 Aug 1978 Alfonso Antonio Lázaro López
(b. 1913 - d.
2007) PL
-
Michelsen
- 7 Aug 1978
- 7 Aug 1982 Julio César Turbay Ayala
(b. 1916 - d. 2005) PL
- 7 Aug 1982
- 7 Aug 1986 Belisario Antonio Betancur
Cuartas (b. 1923 - d. 2018) PC
- 7 Aug 1986
- 7 Aug 1990 Virgilio Barco
Vargas
(b. 1921 - d. 1997) PL
- 7 Aug 1990
- 7 Aug 1994 César Augusto Gaviria
Trujillo (b.
1947)
PL
- 7 Aug 1994
- 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto Samper
Pizano
(b.
1950)
PL
- 7 Aug 1998
- 7 Aug 2002 Andrés Pastrana Arango
(b.
1954)
PC
- 7 Aug 2002
- 7 Aug 2010 Álvaro Uribe Vélez
(b. 1952)
CPPC
- 7 Aug 2010 -
7 Aug 2018 Juan Manuel Santos Calderón
(b. 1951)
PSUN
- 7 Aug 2018 - 7 Aug
2022 Iván Duque Márquez
(b. 1976)
CD
- 7 Aug 2022 -
Gustavo Francisco Petro
Urrego (b.
1960)
CH
-
Territorial Disputes: In Dec
2007, the International Court of Justice
(ICJ) allocated San Andres, Providencia, and
Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but
did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary
with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over
maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes
Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized
illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities
penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused
Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring
countries; Colombia, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the U.S.
assert various claims to Bajo
Nuevo Bank and Serranilla
Bank; on 19 Nov 2012 in regards to
Nicaraguan claims over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla
Banks the ICJ upheld Colombia's sovereignty over both
banks; Nicaragua filed a case with the ICJ against
Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental
shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan
coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia
of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which
contains rich oil and fish resources; as of Sep 2021,
Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling.
Party abbreviations: CD = Centro Democrático
– Mano firme, Corazón grande (Democratic Center –
"Strong Hand, Big Heart", christian democratic,
anti-communist, Uribismo, split from PSUN, est.15 Jul
2014); CH =
Colombia Humana (Humane Colombia, progressive,
democratic socialist, anti-neoliberal, left-wing
populist, split from Polo Democrático Alternativo
[Alternative Democratic Pole], est.16 Sep 2021);
PC = Partido
Conservador Colombiano (Colombian Conservative
Party, center-right, 1990-92 named
Partido Conservador Social [Social Conservative Party],
est.1848); PL = Partido
Liberal (Liberal Party, center-left, 1863-86
as PLR, est.1848); PSUN
= Partido Social de Unidad Nacional (Social Party of
National Unity, center-right, social democratic,
Uribismo to 2013, est.2005); Mil
= Military;
- Former
parties: Con = Conservador
(Conservative, 1819-1848); CPPC
= Primero Colombia (Colombia First, conservative,
reformist, Álvaro Uribe personalist, 2002-2010);
FN = Frente Nacional
(electoral coalition of liberals and conservatives,
1958-1974); LI = Liberales
Independientes (Independent Liberals, centralist, split
from PLR, 1880-1887); Lib =
Liberal (centralist, 1830-1848); LM
= Liberal Moderado (Moderate Liberal); PLR
= Partido Liberal Radical (Radical Liberal Party,
federalist, name of PL 1863-1886); PN
= Partido Nacional (National Party, nationalist,
coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1886-1902); UR
= Unión Republicana (Republican Union, coalition of
liberals and conservatives, 1909-1921)
Santa Catalina (Isla
Providencia)
1628 - May
1641
English colony ([Old] Providence Island) under
Providence Company,
settled from Bermuda.
24 May
1641
Seized by Spain, renamed
Isla de Santa Catalina; subordinated
to Audiencia
of Panama.
26 May 1666 - Aug 1666
English occupation.
15 Dec 1670 - Jan 1671
Occupied by English pirates.
1671 - 1689
Unoccupied.
1689
Spanish rule restored.
Nov 1803
Separated from Captaincy
of Guatemala and placed under the
Viceroyalty of New Granada.
4 Jul 1818 - 30
Aug 1821 (Old)
Providence and St. Catherine Islands captured
by French
corsair Louis-Michel Aury (b.
c.1788 - d. 1821).
23 Jun 1822
Inhabitants
of San Andrés, Providence, and St. Catherine Islands
voluntarily adhere to the Republic of Gran
Colombia.
Governors
1628 - 1630
Sussex (Camock) Chaddock
(b. 1600 – d. 1659)
1630 -
1636
Philip Bell
(b. 1590
- d. 1678)
May 1636 - Jul 1638
Robert Hunt
Jul 1638 - 28 Feb 1640
Nathaniel Butler
(b. c.1577 - d. 1650)
Feb 1640 - 24
May 1641 Andrew Carter (acting)
1641
John Humphreys
(b. c.1597 - d. 1661)
(commissioned, unable to take up post)
1641 - 1662?
Jerónimo de Ojeda
166. - 26 May
1666
Juan de Ocampo
26 May 1666 - Aug
1666 Samuel Smith (acting)
10 Nov 1666 -
1666 Sir
James Modyford
(d. 1673)
(commissioned, unable to take up post)
1666 -
1670
José Sánchez Jiménez
15 Dec 1670 - Jan
1671 Henry
Morgan
(b. c.1635 - d. 1688)
Officers for Aury
1818 -
18..
Juan Bautista Faiquere
18.. - 1821
Severo
(Sévère) Courtois
© Ben Cahoon
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