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Colombia
 
[Spanish War
                            Ensign (1785-1931)]
  to 4 Oct 1812, 1816 - 17 Dec 1819
 
[United
                            Provinces of New Granada flag 1811-1812
                            (Colombia and Venezuela)]
14 Jul 1811 - 4 Oct 1812
 
[United
                            Provinces of New Granada (1814-1815)
                            (Colombia)]
4 Oct 1812 - 14 Nov 1815
 
[United
                            Provinces of New Granada (Colombia)
                            1815-1816] (1815-1816)
14 Nov 1815 - 1816 

[Republic of
                            Colombia (1819-1834)]
17 Dec 1819 - 9 May 1834
(provisional from 17 Dec 1831)

[Republic of
                            New Granada (1834-1861)]
9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861
[Republic of
                            Colombia (1834-1861) state flag]
9 May 1834 - 17 Apr 1854 and
4 Dec 1854 - 26 Jul 1861 State Flag
[Republic of
                            Colombia (1834-1861) civil ensign]  
9 May 1834 - 26 Jul 1861 Civil Ensign  
Republic of
                            Colombia state flag of Jose Maria Melo (Apr
                            - Dec 1854)]     
17 Apr - 4 Dec 1854 State Flag
 
[Republic of
                            Colombia 1861 (Colombia) state flag]
26 Jul 1861 - 26 Nov 1861 State Flag
[Republic of
                            Colombia]
Adopted 26 Nov 1861
[United States
                          of Colombia Civil Ensign (1861-1886)]
26 Nov 1861 - 28 Apr 1890 Civil Ensign
[Republic of Colombia
                        Civil Ensign (1890-1906)]
28 Apr 1890 - 14 Jul 1906 Civil Ensign
 
[Republic of Colombia
                        (Naval Ensign)]
Adopted 9 Nov 1949 Naval Ensign
 

Map of Colombia Hear National Anthem
"Himno Nacional de la
República de Colombia”
(National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia)
or "Oh Gloria inmarcesible!"

(O Unfading Glory!)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 28 Oct 1920
Constitution
(5 Jul 1991)
(1821, 1853,
1886 constitutions)
Capital: Bogotá
(Santa Fé de Bogotá 1549-1816, 1816-1819;
Popayán 8 May-29 Jun 1816;
Tunja 1539-1549)
Currency: Colombian Peso (COP); 1837-1861 Colombian
Escudo (COE)
National Holiday: 20 Jul (1810)
Día de la Independencia
(Independence Day)
Population: 48,168,996 (2018)
GDP: $711.6 billion (2017)
Exports: $39.4 billion (2017)
Imports: $44.2 billion (2017) 
Ethnic groups: mestizo and white 84.2%, Afro-Colombian
(includes mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 10.4%,
Amerindian 3.4%, Romani 0.01, unspecified 2.1% (2005)
Total Active Armed Forces: 285,220 (2010)
Merchant marine: 103 ships (2017)
Religions: Roman Catholic 79%, Protestant 14% (includes
 Pentecostal 6%, mainline Protestant 2%, other 6%),
 other 2%, unspecified 5% (2014)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACS, ACTO, ANT, APM, BCIE (nonregional), BIS, BTWC, CAN, Caricom (observer), CCM, CD, CDB, CELAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA (accession), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA (observer), ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAP, LU, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, NATO (global partner), NPT, NTBT, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, OST (signatory), PA, PCA, PROSUR, SEGIB, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Colombia Index
Chronology

1509                       Spanish begin to colonize area of Nueva Reino de
                             Granada
or simply Nueva Granada (New Granada).
                             Tierra Firme is divided into two administrative
                             units called gobernaciónes: Nueva Andalucía and
                             Castilla de Oro (subordinated to Santo Domingo).

20 Jan 1510 - Jun 1510     San Sebastián de Urabá founded by Alonso de Ojeda
                             (b. c.1466 - d. c.1515), as the the first Spanish
                             settlement in continental South America.
1513 - 1519                Nueva Andalucía
merged with Castilla de Oro as
                             the Gobernación de Castilla de Oro with Pedro
                             Arias de Ávila (b. 1440 - d. 1551) governor
                             (see under Panama).
29 Jul 1525                Santa Marta founded by Rodrigo de Bastidas
                             (d. 1527).
15 Jan 1533                Cartagena de Indias founded by Pedro de Heredia.
 6 Aug 1538                Santa Fé de Bogotá founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de
                             Quesada y Rivera.
1542                       By 1542 modern Colombian territory was divided into
                             3
gobernaciónes that emerged in parallel to the
                             foundation of the respective cities. Those
                             governments were: Santa Marta (1525), Cartagena
                            
de Indias (1533), and Popayán (1536).
17 Jul 1549                Real Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada in
                             Santafé de Bogotá founded (Royal Court of New
                             Kingdom of Granada)(installed Apr 1550), part of
                             the
Viceroyalty of Peru (incl. Cartagena de 
                             Indias, Santa Marta, and Popayán [to 1563]).
27 May 1717                Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada
                             (Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada, or
                             Virreinato de Nueva Granada) separated from Peru
                             (effective 1718)(composed of Reales Audiencias
                            
de Santafé, Quito
[see Ecuador] and the Capitanía
                            
de Venezuela)(by Real Cédula of 27 May 1717).
17 May 1724 - 20 Aug 1739  Re-incorporated into Peru, Viceroyalty suppressed
                             (by Real Cédula of 5 Nov 1723).
20 Aug 1739                Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada (restored)(includes
                             former jurisdictions plus Panama)(by Real Cédula
                             of
20 Aug 1739). 
 8 Sep 1777                Captaincy-general of Venezuela detached.
 4 Apr 1811                Local juntas, acting nominally in favor of deposed
                             King Fernando VII dethroned by Napoléon, depose
                             the viceroy and set up local rule (Panama and
                             Santiago remain loyal to Spain).
27 Nov 1811 - 1816         United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Unidas
                             de la Nueva Granada
); a
confederation constituted
                             by the
provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva,
                             Pamplona, and Tunja.
1816                       Reconquest by Spain, polity extinguished.
 7 Aug 1819 - 10 Nov 1820  Simon Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada.
11 Sep 1819                Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Libres
                             de
la Nueva Granada) organized
17 Dec 1819                Republic of Colombia (República de Colombia)(called
                             "Gran Colombia"), unification of Venezuela and
                             Nueva Granada (independence from Spain).

12 Feb 1820 -  8 Oct 1821  Forms a part of Gran Colombia as Departamento de
                             Cundinamarca when the Organic Law of República de
                             Colombia is promulgated and takes effect in
                             Provincias libres de la Nueva Granada.
10 Nov 1820                Santa Marta liberated from Spanish rule.
 8 Oct 1821                Territory of Departamento de Cundinamarca is
                             reconstituted as departamentos of Boyacá,
                             Cundinamarca, Cauca and Magdalena (in accordance
                             with a law passed by the Congreso of Gran
                             Colombia 2 Oct 1821 and promulgated 8 Oct 1821).
24 Dec 1822                Pasto liberated from Spanish rule.
21 Nov 1831                Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela, and 
                             Ecuador.
21 Nov 1831                State of New Granada (Estado de la Nueva Granada)
                             (provinces of the central part of Gran Colombia
                             are organized as a state under the name of Nueva
                             Granada).
17 Dec 1831                Use of República de Colombia in inscriptions, seals
                             and other items is replaced with Colombia.
 1 Mar 1832                Estado de la Nueva Granada and Nueva Granada are
                             used as terms of reference in the Constitution of
                             Nueva Granada passed by Convención 29 Feb 1832.
 
9 May 1843                Republic of New Granada (República de la Nueva
                             Granada)(ese of Estado de la Nueva Granada in
                             official documents, seals and other items is
                             replaced with República de la Nueva Granada).
 
1 Oct 1843                República de la Nueva Granada and Nueva Granada
                             are used as terms of reference in the
                             Constitution of Nueva Granada passed by Senado
                             and Cámara de Representantes 20 Apr 1843.
22 May 1858                Granadine Confederation (Confederación Granadina)
                            
(in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13 Jan 1863).
10 Sep 1860                United States of New Granada (Estados Unidos de
                             Nueva Granada)(treaty of union between the states
                             of Cauca and Bolívar signed, state of Magdalena
                             joins the treaty of union 4 Dec 1860).
18 Jul 1861                Government of Confederación Granadina ceased to
                             function de facto upon capturing of head of state
                             by the troops of Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada.
20 Sep 1861                United States of Colombia (Estados Unidos de
                             Colombia)(treaty of union between the states of
                             Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena,
                             Santander and Tolima).
10 Sep 1880                Spain recognizes the independence of Colombia.
 
1 Dec 1885                Republic of Colombia (República de Colombia)(style
                             not formally abolished until the taking effect
                             of the Constitution of 1886 on 7 Sep 1886).
 4 Nov 1903                Independence of Panama (formally recognized by
                             Colombia 1 Mar 1922).
 8 Sep 1972                Quita Sueño Bank, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank
                             transferred to Colombia by the U.S. (effective
                             17 Sep 1981); but not the Serranilla Bank.

Colombia
(since 1831)
States
(1855-1886)
and
Panama
(1821-1903)
Viceroyalty of
New Granada

(1694-1821)
 Cundinamarca
(1811-1814)
 Cartagena
(1810-1812)
 Antioquia
(1810-1815)
Tunja
(1812)
United Provinces
(1812-1816)
Gran Colombia
(1819-1831)
Santa Catalina
(1628-1689)
Historical Maps
of Colombia
 

New Granada 

Governors
 
6 Aug 1538 - 12 May 1539  Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada y        (b. c.1496 - d. 1579)
                             Rivera
12 May 1539 - Jul 1543     Hernán Pérez de Quesada (interim)   (b. c.1500 - d. 1544)
Jul 1543 - Dec 1544        Alonso Luis Fernández de Lugo       (b. c.1506 - d. 1556)
Dec 1544 -  2 May 1545     Lope Montalvo de Lugo (interim)     (d. 1556)
 
2 May 1545 - 17 Jan 1547  Pedro de Ursúa                      (b. 1526 - d. 1561)
17 Jan 1547 -  2 Jun 1551  Miguel Díez de Armendáriz           (d. 1551)
 2 Jun 1551 - 1558         Juan de Montaño (Lavado)            (d. 1558)
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general

1558 - 21 Feb 1564         the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
21 Feb 1564 - 1574         Andrés Díaz de Venero y Leyva       (b. 1515 - d. 1576)
23 Mar 1575 - 13 Dec 1575  Francisco Briceño                   (b. 1500 - d. 1575) 
13 Dec 1575 - 29 Aug 1578  the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
29 Aug 1578 - Feb 1580     Lope Díez de Aux y Armendáriz       (b. c.1520 - d. 1585)  
                             Castrejón, señor de Cadreita
Feb 1580 - Mar 1582        Juan Bautista de Monzón (interim)   (d. 1594)
                             (visitador)
Mar 1582 - 1585            Juan Prieto de Orellana (interim)   (b. 15.. - d. 1625)
                             (visitador)
1585 - 1590                Francisco Guillén Chaparro (interim)(b. c.1554 - d. 1600) 
30 Mar 1590 - Aug 1597     Antonio González                    (b. c.1535 - d. 1601) 
23 Aug 1597 - 12 Sep 1602  Francisco de Sande Picón            (b. c.1540 - d. 1602)
12 Sep 1602 -  2 Oct 1605  the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
 
2 Oct 1605 - 12 Feb 1628  Juan Buenaventura de Borja y        (b. 1564 - d. 1628)
                             Armendía                  
12 Feb 1628 -  1 Feb 1630  the Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada
 
1 Feb 1630 -  4 Oct 1637  Sancho Girón de Narváez, marqués    (b. c.1596 - d. 1637)
                             de Sofraga

 
5 Oct 1637 - Dec 1645     Martín de Saavedra Galindo de       (b. 1594 - d. 1654)
                             Guzmán, barón de Prado

23 Dec 1645 - 1654         Juan Fernández de Córdoba y Coalla, (b. c.1595 - d. 1664)
                             marqués de Miranda de Anta
24 Apr 1654 - 29 Jun 1659  Dionisio Pérez Manrique,            (b. 1598? - d. 1678) 
                             marqués de Santiago (1st time)
29 Jun 1659 - 16 Jan 1660  Juan Cornejo (interim)              (d. c.1667)
16 Jan 1660 -  2 Feb 1662  Dionisio Pérez Manrique,            (s.a.)
                             marqués de Santiago (2nd time) 
 
2 Feb 1662 - 25 Dec 1664  Diego de Egües i Beaumont           (b. c.1612 - d. 1664) 
25 Dec 1664 - 12 Jun 1666  Francisco de Leyva (acting)
12 Jun 1666 - 10 Aug 1667  Diego del Corro y Carrascal         (b. c.1625 - d. 1673) 
10 Aug 1667 -  2 Jun 1671  Diego de Villalba y Toledo,         (b. c.1610 - d. c.1680)
                             marqués de Campo, señor de la
                             Villa de Santacruz de Pinares
 2 Jun 1671 - 18 Jun 1674  Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros         (b. 1629 - d. 1708)
                             (interim)
18 Jun 1674 -  4 Jan 1679  the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá 
 
4 Jan 1679 -  6 Sep 1685  Francisco del Castillo de la Concha (b. 1652 - d. 1685) 
28 Nov 1685 -  6 Sep 1686  Sebastián Alfonso de Velasco        (b. c.1610 - c.1690)
 
8 Sep 1686 - 10 May 1691  Gil de Cabrera y Dávalos (1st time) (b. 1646 - d. 1712)
10 May 1691 - 10 Feb 1694  Francisco José Merlo de la Fuente   (b. 1650 - d. 1709)
                             (acting)
10 Feb 1694 - 21 Jun 1703  Gil de Cabrera y Dávalos (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1703 -  3 Sep 1710  Diego de Córdoba Lasso de la Vega,  (b. 1629 - d. 1720)
                             marqués del Vado (1st time) 
 
3 Sep 1710 -  2 Jun 1711  Francisco Cossío y Otero, arzobispo (b. 1640 - d. 1715)
                             de
Santa Fé (interim)
21 Jun 1711 -  4 Feb 1712  Diego de Córdoba Lasso de la Vega,  (s.a.)
                             marqués del Vado (2nd time) 
 
4 Feb 1712 - 15 Sep 1715  Francisco Meneses Bravo de Saravia  (b. 1669 - d. 1723)
15 Sep 1715 - 23 Apr 1717  the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá
23 Apr 1717 - 13 Jun 1718  Francisco del Rincón, arzobispo     (b. 1650 - d. 1723)
                             de Santa Fé de Bogotá (interim)
Viceroys
13
Jun 1718 - 17 Dec 1719  Antonio Ignacio de la Pedrosa y     (b. 1660 - d. c.1723)
                             Guerrero, señor de la villa de
                             Buxes
(interim)
17 Dec 1719 - 17 May 1724  Jorge de Villalonga i Fortuny,      (b. 1665 - d. 1735) 
                             conde de La Cueva
Presidents, Governors and Captains-general
17 May 1724 - 19 Feb 1731  Antonio Manso y Maldonado           (b. c.1670 - d. 1755?)
19 Feb 1731 - 14 May 1733  Commissioners of the Audiencia
                           - José Joaquín Martínez Malo        (b. 1683 - d. 1741)
                           - José de Quintana y Acevedo        (b. c.1690 - d. 1765)
                           - Jorge Miguel Lozano de Peralta    (b. 1731 - d. 1793)
                           - José Ventura de Castilla y        (b. c.1691 - d. 1734)
                              Lisperguer
14 May 1733 - 24 Apr 1737  Rafael de Eslava y Lazaga           (b. 1685 - d. 1737)
24 Apr 1737 - 20 Aug 1738  the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá
20 Aug 1738 -  1 Sep 1738  Antonio González Manrique           (b. 1695 - d. 1738)
 
1 Sep 1738 - 25 Mar 1739  the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá
25 Mar 1739 - 24 Apr 1740  Francisco González Manrique         (b. c.1698 - d. 1747)
                             (interim)
Viceroys
24 Apr 1740 -  5 Nov 1749  Sebastián de Eslava y Lazaga        (b. 1685 - d. 1759)
 
5 Nov 1749 - 24 Nov 1753  José Alfonso Pizarro, marqués       (b. 1689 - d. 1762)
                             del Villar
24 Nov 1753 - 24 Feb 1761  José Manuel Solís Folch de Cardona  (b. 1716 - d. 1770)
25 Feb 1761 - 31 Nov 1772  Pedro Messía de la Cerda,           (b. 1700 - d. 1783)
                             marqués de la Vega de Armíjo
22 Apr 1773 - 10 Feb 1776  Manuel de Guirior y Portal de       (b. 1708 - d. 1788)
                             Huarte y Edozain, marqués de
                             Guirior  
10 Feb 1776 -  1 Mar 1782  Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado     (b. 1723 - d. 1799)
                             Martínez y Bodequín
31 Mar 1782 - 12 Jun 1782  Juan de Torrezar y Díaz Pimienta    (b. c.1720 - d. 1782)
                             (interim)
12 Jun 1782
- 15 Jul 1782  the Audiencia de Santafé de Bogotá
15 Jul 1782 -  8 Jan 1789  Juan Antonio Caballero y Góngora    (b. 1723 - d. 1796)
 
8 Jan 1789 -  1 Aug 1789  Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos    (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
 
1 Aug 1789 -  2 Jan 1797  José Manuel Ignacio Timoteo de      (b. 1741 - d. 1823)
                             Ezpeleta Galdeano Dicastillo y
                             del Prado 
 2 Jan 1797 - 16 Sep 1803  Pedro Mendinueta y Múzquiz          (b. 1736 - d. 1825)
16 Sep 1803 - 25 Jul 1810  Antonio José de Amar y Borbón       (b. 1742 - d. 1826)
                             Arguedas y Vallejo de Santacruz
20 Jul 1810 -  4 Oct 1812  José Miguel Pey y García de Andrade (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
                            (president of the Supreme Governing Junta)
21 Mar 1812 - 12 Nov 1812  Benito Pérez Brito de los Ríos      (b. 1747 - d. 1813)
                             y Fernández Valdelomar
                             (in Portobelo, Panama in refuge from Bogotá)
30 May 1813 -  9 Mar 1818  Francisco José Montalvo y Ambulodi, (b. 1754 - d. 1822)
                             Montalvo y Arriola                             
                             (captain-general, jefe político superior to 30 Apr 1816)
 9 Mar 1818 -  3 Aug 1821  Juan José Francisco de Sámano y     (b. 1753 - d. 1821)
                             Uribarri de Rebollar y Mazorra
                             (in Panama, titular from 9 Aug 1819)
17 Aug 1821 - 3/8 Apr 1822 Juan de la Cruz Mourgeon y Achet    (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
                             (titular, in Quito)



Independent provinces

Note: This record is in four parts: (1) some provinces that became independent of Spain and later joined the United Provinces; (2) the United Provinces of New Granada, from independence to reconquest by Spain, after which they became part of Great Colombia; (3) Great Colombia (a historians' term, never official), encompassed New Granada (later Colombia), Venezuela, and Ecuador; and (4) New Granada/Colombia from the breakup of Great Colombia.


Cundinamarca
 
[Santa Fe
                          Bogota Colours, Cundinamarca 1811-1813
                          (Colombia)]
4 Apr 1811 - 7 Aug 1813

[Cundinamarca
                          Independent State (1813-1814) (Colombia)]
7 Aug 1813 - 12 Dec 1814

 6 Aug 1538                Santa Fé de Bogotá founded by Spain.
 4 Apr 1811                Independence (State of Cundinamarca [Estado de Cundinamarca]).
 
4 Apr 1811 - 19 Jul 1813  Government is carried out in the name of Fernando VII (who
                             did not accept the office)
¹.
19 Jul 1813                Monarchy abolished.
12 Dec 1814                Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Presidents of the State and Vicegerents of the King's Person
(Presidente constitucional del Estado de Cundinamarca y Vicegerente de la persona del Rey)
 4 Apr 1811 - 21 Sep 1811  José Tadeo Lozano de Peralta y 
                             González Manrique, vizconde de   (b. 1771 - d. 1816)
                             Pastrana
21 Sep 1811 - 19 Aug 1812  Antonio Amador José Nariño y       (b. 1765 - d. 1823)
                             Álvarez del Casal (1st time)
                             (interim to 24 Dec 1811) 
19 Aug 1812 - 12 Sep 1812  Manuel Benito de Castro y          (b. 1751 - d. 1826)
                             Díaz de Arcaya (acting) 
12 Sep 1812 - 19 Jul 1813  Antonio Amador José Nariño y       (s.a.)
                             Álvarez del Casal (2nd time)
Presidents of the State
19 Jul 1813 - 14 May 1814  Antonio Amador José Nariño y       (s.a.)
                             Álvarez del Casal
14 May 1814 - 20 Dec 1814  Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del     (b. 1743 - d. 1816)
                             Casal

 ¹Full style: Por la gracia de Dios y por la voluntad y consentimiento del pueblo, legítima y constitucionalmente representado, Rey de los cundinamarqueses, etc. ("By the grace of God and the will and consent of the town, legitimate and constitutionally represented, King of the Cundinamarqueses, etc.")


Cartagena
 
[Flag of the
                          Cartagena state 1810-1811 (Colombia)]
1811 - 17 Nov 1811
[Flag of the
                          Cartagena state 1811-1812 (Colombia)]
17 Nov 1811 - 4 Oct 1812
 1 Jun 1533                Cartagena de Indias founded by Spain.
11 Nov 1811                Independence (Province of Cartagena de Indias [Provincia
                             de Cartagena de Indias]).

20 Jan 1812                State of Cartagena de Indias (Estado de Cartagena de Indias).
 4 Oct 1812                Incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Presidents of the Supreme Government Junta
13 Aug 1810 -  1 Jan 1811  José María García de Toledo y      (b. 1769 - d. 1816) 
                             Madariaga (1st time)
 1 Jan 1811 -  1 May 1811  José María del Real e Hidalgo      (b. 1767 - d. 1835)
 1 May 1811 -  1 Sep 1811  José María García de Toledo y      (s.a.) 
                             Madariaga (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1811 - 20 Jan 1812  Ignacio Cavero y Cárdenas          (b. 1757 - d. 1834)
Governor President
21 Jan 1812 -  1 Apr 1812  José María del Real e Hidalgo      (s.a.)
Dictator Vice President
 1 Apr 1812 - 15 Jun 1812  Manuel Juan Robustiano de los 
                             Dolores Rodríguez Torices y      (b. 1788 - d. 1816)
                             Quiroz 
Governor President
15 Jun 1812 -  4 Oct 1812  Manuel Juan Robustiano de los 
                             Dolores Rodríguez Torices y      (s.a.)
                             Quiroz 


Antioquia

[State of Antioquia,
                  1811-1813 (Colombia)]

 2 Nov 1675                Medellín founded by Spain.
29 Dec 1811                State of Antioquia (Estado de Antioquia), independence from
                             United Provinces.

10 Nov 1812                Antioquia recognizes the Congress of the United Provinces of
                             New Granada.
 7 Feb 1813                Incorporation into New Granada.
Jul 1815                   Constitution adopts the "pact" of the United Provinces of New 
                             Granada fully incorporating Antioquia.

Presidents of the Superior Government Junta
10 Sep 1810 - 17 Feb 1811  Francisco de Ayala Gudiño Medina   (b. 1751 - d. 1816) 
                             y Calderón
17 Feb 1811 - 27 Jul 1811  Juan Elías López Tagle y           (b. 1777 - d. 1819) 
                             Madariaga (acting)
Presidents of the State
27 Jul 1811 - 29 Jul 1811  Juan Elías López Tagle y           (s.a.) 
                             Madariaga (provisional)
29 Jul 1811-11/29 Oct 1811 José María Montoya Duque           (b. 1757 - d. 1834)
11/29 Oct 1811-10 Oct 1812 José Antonio Aurelio Gómez Londoño (b. 1754 - d. 1812)
14 Oct 1812 - 30 Jul 1813  José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta   (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
30 Jul 1813 -  7 Apr 1814  Juan Bautista Antonio María del    (b. 1778 - d. 1814) 
                             Corral y Alonso Carriazo 
                             (Dictator President to 1/5 Mar 1814)
15 Apr 1814-8/16 May 1814  José Miguel de la Calle Vélez      (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
                             (interim)
8/16 May 1814 - Jul 1815   Dionisio Sánchez de Tejada y       (b. 1769 - d. 1816)
                             Nieto de Paz


Tunja

 6 Aug 1539                Tunja founded by Spain.
1812                       State of Tunja (Estado de Tunja)(also in constitutional use:
                             Republic
of Tunja [República de Tunja]), independence from
                             the United Provinces.

 4 Oct 1812                Re-incorporation into United Provinces of New Granada.

Governor President
1812 -  4 Oct 1812         Juan Nepomuceno Niño y Muelle      (b. 1769 - d. 1816)



United Provinces of New Granada
[United
                          Provinces of New Granada (1814-1815)
                          (Colombia)]26 Apr 1814 - 14 Nov 1815
[United
                            Provinces of New Granada (Colombia)
                            (1815-1816)]14 Nov 1815 - 1816
 

 4 Oct 1812                United Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Unidas
                             de la Nueva Granada
);
a confederation constituted
                             by the
provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva,
                             Pamplona, and Tunja.

1816                       Reconquest by Spain, polity extinguished (Bogotá retaken 6 May
                             1816 and Popayán on 29 Jun 1816).

President of the Congress, in-charge of the Federal Executive Power
 4 Oct 1812 - 5/6 Oct 1814 José Camilo Clemente Torres        (b. 1766 - d. 1816)
                             Tenorio
Presidents of the United Provinces of New Granada
5/6 Oct 1814 - 28 Nov 1814 José María Eusebio Carlos del      (b. 1776 - d. 1835)
                             Rosario del Castillo y Rada 
                             (acting) 
28 Nov 1814 - 28 Mar 1815  José Custodio Cayetano García      (b. 1786 - d. 1816)
                             Rovira (1st time) 
28 Mar 1815 - 28 Jul 1815  José Miguel Pey y García de        (b. 1775 - d. 1838)
                             Andrade
28 Jul 1815 - 15 Nov 1815  Manuel Juan Robustiano de los      (s.a.)
                             Dolores Rodríguez Torices y 
                             Quiroz 
15 Nov 1815 - 14 Mar 1816  José Camilo Clemente Torres        (s.a.)
                             Tenorio 
14 Mar 1816 - 22 Jun 1816  José Luis Álvaro Alvino Fernández  (b. 1789 - d. 1830)
                             Madrid y Fernández de Castro
22 Jun 1816 - 30 Jun 1816  Liborio José Apolinar Mejía y      (b. 1792 - d. 1816)  Mil
                             Gutíerrez de Lara (acting)
30 Jun 1816 - 10 Jul 1816  José Custodio Cayetano García      (s.a.)
                             Rovira (2nd time) 
16 Jul 1816 - 1816         Manuel Fernando Serrano y Uribe    (b. 1789 - d. 1819)  Mil


Gran Colombia (Great Colombia)

[Republic of
                        Colombia (1819-1834)]
17 Dec 1819 - 9 May 1834

[Republic of
                          Colombia state flag (1819-1821)]
1819 - 12 Jul 1821 State Flag
[Republic of
                          Colombia state flag (1821-1822)]
12 Jul 1821 - 1822 State Flag
[Republic of
                          Colombia state flag (1822-1831)]
1822 - 1830 State Flag
[Republic of
                          Colombia state flag (1830-1834)]
1830 - 9 May 1834 State Flag



Note: Gran Colombia (or Great Colombia) is a historical term, never official,
encompassing New Granada (later Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito (later Ecuador).

17 Dec 1819                Republic of Colombia (República de Colombia); independence
                             from Spain, again.

21 Nov 1831                Dissolution into New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

Presidents
17 Dec 1819 -  4 May 1830  Simón José Antonio de la           (b. 1783 - d. 1830)  Mil
                             Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y
                             Palacios 
                            (President-Liberator from 14 Jan 1820)
 4 May 1830 - 13 Jun 1830  Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de          (b. 1783 - d. 1843)  Con
                             Santamaría (1st time) (acting) 
13 Jun 1830 -  4 Sep 1830  Joaquín Mariano Mosquera Figueroa  (b. 1787 - d. 1877)  Non-party
                             y Arboleda Salazar
 5 Sep 1830 - 30 Apr 1831  Rafael José Urdaneta Faría (acting)(b. 1789 - d. 1845)  Mil
14 Apr 1831 - 21 Nov 1831  Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de          (s.a.)               Con
                             Santamaría (2nd time)(acting)
                            (in opposition to 30 Apr 1831, enters Bogotá 2 May 1831) 


Free Provinces of New Granada

[Cundinamarca
                          Flag 1820 (Colombia)]
10 Jan 1820 - 8 Oct 1821
[Cundinamarca
                          official variant Flag 1820 (Colombia)]
10 Jan 1820 - 8 Oct 1821 Variant

11 Sep 1819                Free Provinces of New Granada (Provincias Libres de la Nueva
                             Granada
).
17 Dec 1819                Part of Gran Colombia.
12 Feb 1820                Cundinamarca Department (Departamento de Cundinamarca), within
                             Gran Colombia.

 8 Oct 1821                Territory of Departamento de Cundinamarca is reconstituted as the
                             departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Cauca, and Magdalena.

Vice President of Free Provinces of New Granada (from 12 Feb 1820, Department of Cundinamarca)
20 Sep 1819 -  8 Oct 1821  Francisco José de Paula Santander  (b. 1792 - d. 1840)  Mil
                             y Omaña

Colombia
21 Nov 1831                State of New Granada
 9 May 1834                Republic of New Granada
22 May 1858 - 18 Jul 1861  Granadine Confederation (in dissidence 30 Jul 1861-13 Jan 1863).
10 Sep 1860                United States of New Granada
20 Sep 1861                United States of Colombia
 1 Dec 1885                Republic of Colombia

Presidents 
21 Nov 1831 - 23 Nov 1831  Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de          (s.a.)               Con 
                             Santamaría (1st time) (acting) 
23 Nov 1831 - 10 Mar 1832  José María Ramón Obando y del      (b. 1797 - d. 1861)  Mil
                             Campo (1st time) (acting) 
10 Mar 1832 -  7 Oct 1832  José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto    (b. 1793 - d. 1880)  Con
                             (1st time) (acting) 
 7 Oct 1832 -  1 Apr 1837  Francisco José de Paula Santander  (s.a.)               Fed
                             y Omaña 
 1 Apr 1837 -  1 Apr 1841  José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto    (s.a.)               Lib
                             (2nd time)
 1 Apr 1841 -  2 May 1841  Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de          (s.a.)               Mil
                             Santamaría (2nd time)(acting)
 2 May 1841 -  1 Apr 1845  Pedro Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa      (b. 1800 - d. 1872)  Con
 1 Apr 1845 -  1 Apr 1849  Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de    (b. 1798 - d. 1878)  Non-party
                             Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
                             Salazar (1st time) 
 1 Apr 1849 -  1 Apr 1853  José Hilario López Valdés          (b. 1798 - d. 1869)  PL
 1 Apr 1853 - 17 Apr 1854  José María Ramón Obando y del      (s.a.)               PL
                             Campo (2nd time)
17 Apr 1854 -  4 Dec 1854  José María Dionisio Melo y Ortiz   (b. 1800 - d. 1860)  PL
                             (Supreme Chief of the Provisional Government)
21 Apr 1854 -  5 Aug 1854  Tomás José Ramón del Carmen de     (b. 1804 - d. 1854)  PL
                             Herrera y Pérez Dávila
                             (acting; in rebellion, in Chocontá) 
 4 Dec 1854 -  1 Apr 1855  José Arsenio Vicente del Carmen    (b. 1806 - d. 1889)  PL
                             de Obaldía y Orejuela
                             (acting [in rebellion from 5 Aug 1854]) 
 1 Apr 1855 -  1 Apr 1857  Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen    (b. 1808 - d. 1872)  PC
                             (acting)
 1 Apr 1857 -  1 Apr 1861  Mariano Ospina Rodríguez           (b. 1805 - d. 1885)  PC
25 Jan 1861 - 31 Mar 1861  Juan José Nieto Gil (in dissidence)(b. 1805 - d. 1861)  PL
 1 Apr 1861 - 18 Jul 1861  Bartolomé Calvo y Díaz de Lamadrid (b. 1815 - d. 1889)  PC
                             (acting) 
18 Jul 1861 -  4 Feb 1863  Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de    (s.a.)               PLR
                             Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
                             Salazar (2nd time)(provisional)
30 Jul 1861 - 25 Jan 1862  Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara          (b. 1806 - d. 1877)  PC
                             (acting, in rebellion)
18 Jul 1862 - 13 Jan 1863  Leonardo Canal González            (b. 1822 - d. 1894)  Mil
                             (in rebellion)
 4 Feb 1863 - 10 Feb 1863  Francisco Javier Martínez de       (b. 1811 - d. 1882)  PLR
                             Zaldúa y de Racines
                             (president of the National Convention) 
10 Feb 1863 - 14 May 1863  Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1885)  PLR
                             (president of Executive Ministry)
14 May 1863 - 10 Apr 1864  Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de    (s.a.)               PLR
                             Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
                             Salazar (3rd time)
                             (acting from 1 Apr 1864) 
10 Apr 1864 -  1 Apr 1866  Manuel Murillo Toro (1st time)     (b. 1816 - d. 1880)  PLR
 1 Apr 1866 - 20 May 1866  José María Rojas Garrido (acting)  (b. 1824 - d. 1883)  PLM
20 May 1866 -  1 Nov 1867  Tomás Cipriano Ignacio María de    (s.a.)               PLR
                             Mosquera Figueroa y Arboleda
                             Salazar (4th time)
                             (imprisoned from 23 May 1867, suspended 9 Jul 1867)
12 May 1867 - 28 Jun 1867  Manuel Joaquín de Santa Isabel     (b. 1833 - d. 1875)  PLR
                             Riascos García (acting; in dissidence) 
23 May 1867 -  1 Apr 1868  Manuel María de los Santos Acosta  (b. 1828 - d. 1901)  PLR
                             y Castillo 
                             (nominally acting for Mosquera to 1 Nov 1867)
 1 Apr 1868 -  1 Apr 1870  José de los Santos Gutiérrez       (b. 1820 - d. 1872)  PLR
                             Prieto
 1 Apr 1870 -  1 Apr 1872  Eustorgio Salgar Moreno (2nd time) (s.a.)               PLR
 1 Apr 1872 -  1 Apr 1874  Manuel Murillo Toro (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PLR
 1 Apr 1874 -  1 Apr 1876  Santiago Pérez y Manosalbas del    (b. 1830 - d. 1900)  PLR
                             Castillo
 1 Apr 1876 -  1 Apr 1878  José Bonifacio Aquileo Elías       (b. 1825 - d. 1900)  PLR
                             Parra Gómez
 1 Apr 1878 -  8 Apr 1880  Julián Trujillo Largacha           (b. 1828 - d. 1883)  LI
                             (acting from 1 Apr 1880)
 8 Apr 1880 -  1 Apr 1882  Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo      (b. 1825 - d. 1894)  LI
                             (1st time) 
 1 Apr 1882 - 21 Dec 1882  Francisco Javier Martínez de       (s.a.)               LI
                             Zaldúa y de Racines
21 Dec 1882 - 22 Dec 1882  Clímaco Calderón Reyes (acting)    (b. 1852 - d. 1913)  LI
22 Dec 1882 -  1 Apr 1884  José Eusebio Otálora Martínez      (b. 1828 - d. 1884)  LI
 1 Apr 1884 - 11 Aug 1884  Ezequiel Hurtado y Hurtado (acting)(b. 1825 - d. 1890)  PLR
11 Aug 1884 -  1 Apr 1886  Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo      (s.a.)               PN
                             (2nd time) 
 1 Apr 1886 -  6 Jan 1887  José María del Campo Serrano       (b. 1832 - d. 1915)  LI/PN
                             (acting) 
 6 Jan 1887 -  4 Jun 1887  José Eliseo Payán Hurtado (acting) (b. 1825 - d. 1895)  LI
 4 Jun 1887 - 18 Sep 1894  Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo      (s.a.)               PN
                             (3rd time)
13 Dec 1887 -  8 Feb 1888  José Eliseo Payán Hurtado          (s.a.)               LI
                             (acting for Núñez)
 7 Aug 1888 -  7 Aug 1892  Carlos Holguín Mallarino           (b. 1832 - d. 1894)  PN
                             (acting for Núñez)
 7 Aug 1892 -  7 Aug 1898  Miguel Antonio José Zoylo Cayetano (b. 1843 - d. 1909)  PN
                             Andrés Avelino de las Mercedes
                             Caro Tobar 
                             (acting [for Núñez to 18 Sep 1894])
 7 Aug 1898 -  3 Nov 1898  José Manuel Cayetano Marroquín     (b. 1827 - d. 1908)  PN
                             Ricaurte (1st time)(acting) 
 3 Nov 1898 - 19 Mar 1902  Manuel Antonio Sanclemente         (b. 1814 - d. 1902)  PN
                             Sanclemente (prevented from exercising office from
                             31 Jul 1900, under arrest from 3 Aug 1900)
1900 - Jul 1900            Gabriel Vargas Santos              (b. 1829 - d. 1914)  PL
                             (provisional, in dissidence)
31 Jul 1900 -  7 Aug 1904  José Manuel Cayetano Marroquín     (s.a.)               PN
                             Ricaurte (2nd time)
                             (acting [nominally for Sanclemente to 19 Mar 1902])
 7 Aug 1904 - 27 Jul 1909  José Gregorio Ambrosio Rafael      (b. 1850 - d. 1921)  PC 
                             Reyes Prieto
  9 Jun 1909 -  4 Aug 1909  Jorge Marcelo Holguín Mallarino    (b. 1848 - d. 1928)  PC
                             (1st time)(acting [for Reyes to 27 Jul 1909])
 4 Aug 1909 -  7 Aug 1910  José Rafael Ramón Eufrasio de      (b. 1854 - d. 1928)  PC
                             Jesús González Valencia
 7 Aug 1910 -  7 Aug 1914  Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo   (b. 1867 - d. 1937)  PC/UR
 7 Aug 1914 -  7 Aug 1918  José Vicente Concha Ferreira       (b. 1867 - d. 1929)  PC
 7 Aug 1918 -  7 Aug 1922  Marco Fidel Suárez                 (b. 1855 - d. 1927)  PC
11 Nov 1921 -  7 Aug 1922  Jorge Marcelo Holguín Mallarino    (s.a.)               PC
                             (2nd time)(acting for Suárez)
 7 Aug 1922 -  7 Aug 1926  Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de         (b. 1858 - d. 1927)  PC
                             Villanueva Ospina Vásquez
 7 Aug 1926 -  7 Aug 1930  Miguel Abadía Méndez               (b. 1867 - d. 1947)  PC
 7 Aug 1930 -  7 Aug 1934  Enrique Alfredo Olaya Herrera      (b. 1881 - d. 1937)  PL
 7 Aug 1934 -  7 Aug 1938  Alfonso López Pumarejo (1st time)  (b. 1886 - d. 1959)  PL
 7 Aug 1938 -  7 Aug 1942  Eduardo Santos Montejo             (b. 1888 - d. 1974)  PL
 7 Aug 1942 -  7 Aug 1945  Alfonso López Pumarejo (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PL
19 Nov 1943 - 16 May 1944  Darío Echandía Olaya               (b. 1897 - d. 1989)  PL
                             (acting for López)
 7 Aug 1945 -  7 Aug 1946  Alberto Lleras Camargo (1st time)  (b. 1906 - d. 1990)  PL
                             (acting)
 7 Aug 1946 -  7 Aug 1950  Luis Mariano Ospina Pérez          (b. 1891 - d. 1976)  PC
 7 Aug 1950 - 13 Jun 1953  Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro    (b. 1889 - d. 1965)  PC
 5 Nov 1951 - 13 Jun 1953  Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez          (b. 1890 - d. 1972)  PC
                             (acting for Gómez Castro) 
13 Jun 1953 - 10 May 1957  Gustavo Rojas Pinilla              (b. 1900 - d. 1975)  Mil
10 May 1957 -  7 Aug 1958  Gabriel París Gordillo             (b. 1910 - d. 2008)  Mil
                             (president of Military Junta of Government) 
 7 Aug 1958 -  7 Aug 1962  Alberto Lleras Camargo (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PL/FN
 7 Aug 1962 -  7 Aug 1966  Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz      (b. 1909 - d. 1971)  PC/FN
 7 Aug 1966 -  7 Aug 1970  Carlos Alberto Lleras Restrepo     (b. 1908 - d. 1994)  PL/FN
 7 Aug 1970 -  7 Aug 1974  Misael Eduardo Pastrana Borrero    (b. 1923 - d. 1997)  PC/FN
 7 Aug 1974 -  7 Aug 1978  Alfonso Antonio Lázaro López       (b. 1913 - d. 2007)  PL
                             Michelsen
 7 Aug 1978 -  7 Aug 1982  Julio César Turbay Ayala           (b. 1916 - d. 2005)  PL
 7 Aug 1982 -  7 Aug 1986  Belisario Antonio Betancur Cuartas (b. 1923 - d. 2018)  PC
 7 Aug 1986 -  7 Aug 1990  Virgilio Barco Vargas              (b. 1921 - d. 1997)  PL
 7 Aug 1990 -  7 Aug 1994  César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo     (b. 1947)            PL
 7 Aug 1994 -  7 Aug 1998  Ernesto Samper Pizano              (b. 1950)            PL
 7 Aug 1998 -  7 Aug 2002  Andrés Pastrana Arango             (b. 1954)            PC
 7 Aug 2002 -  7 Aug 2010  Álvaro Uribe Vélez                 (b. 1952)            CPPC
 7 Aug 2010 -  7 Aug 2018  Juan Manuel Santos Calderón        (b. 1951)            PSUN
 7 Aug 2018 -  7 Aug 2022  Iván Duque Márquez                 (b. 1976)            CD
 7 Aug 2022 -              Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego     (b. 1960)            CH
 
Territorial Disputes: In Dec 2007, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) allocated San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the U.S. assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank; on 19 Nov 2012 in regards to Nicaraguan claims over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks the ICJ upheld Colombia's sovereignty over both banks; Nicaragua filed a case with the ICJ against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of Sep 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling.

Party abbreviations: CD = Centro Democrático – Mano firme, Corazón grande (Democratic Center – "Strong Hand, Big Heart", christian democratic, anti-communist, Uribismo, split from PSUN, est.15 Jul 2014); CH = Colombia Humana (Humane Colombia, progressive, democratic socialist, anti-neoliberal, left-wing populist, split from Polo Democrático Alternativo [Alternative Democratic Pole], est.16 Sep 2021); PC = Partido Conservador Colombiano (Colombian Conservative Party, center-right, 1990-92 named Partido Conservador Social [Social Conservative Party], est.1848); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, center-left, 1863-86 as PLR, est.1848); PSUN = Partido Social de Unidad Nacional (Social Party of National Unity, center-right, social democratic, Uribismo to 2013, est.2005); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: Con = Conservador (Conservative, 1819-1848); CPPC = Primero Colombia (Colombia First, conservative, reformist, Álvaro Uribe personalist, 2002-2010); FN = Frente Nacional (electoral coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1958-1974); LI = Liberales Independientes (Independent Liberals, centralist, split from PLR, 1880-1887); Lib = Liberal (centralist, 1830-1848); LM = Liberal Moderado (Moderate Liberal); PLR = Partido Liberal Radical (Radical Liberal Party, federalist, name of PL 1863-1886); PN = Partido Nacional (National Party, nationalist, coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1886-1902); UR = Unión Republicana (Republican Union, coalition of liberals and conservatives, 1909-1921)



Santa Catalina (Isla Providencia)

1628 - May 1641            English colony ([Old] Providence Island) under Providence Company,
                             settled from Bermuda.

24 May 1641                Seized by Spain, renamed Isla de Santa Catalina; subordinated
                             to Audiencia of Panama.
26 May 1666 - Aug 1666     English occupation.
15 Dec 1670 - Jan 1671     Occupied by English pirates.
1671 - 1689                Unoccupied.
1689                       Spanish rule restored.
Nov 1803                   Separated from Captaincy of Guatemala and placed under the
                              Viceroyalty of New Granada.
 4 Jul 1818 - 30 Aug 1821  (Old) Providence and St. Catherine Islands captured by French
                             corsair Louis-Michel Aury (b. c.1788 - d. 1821).
23 Jun 1822                Inhabitants of San Andrés, Providence, and St. Catherine Islands
                             voluntarily adhere to the Republic of Gran Colombia. 

Governors
1628 - 1630                Sussex (Camock) Chaddock           (b. 1600 – d. 1659)          
1630 - 1636                Philip Bell                        (b. 1590 - d. 1678)
May 1636 - Jul 1638        Robert Hunt
Jul 1638 - 28 Feb 1640     Nathaniel Butler                   (b. c.1577 - d. 1650)
Feb 1640 - 24 May 1641     Andrew Carter (acting)
1641                       John Humphreys
                    (b. c.1597 - d. 1661)
                             (
commissioned, unable to take up post) 
1641 - 1662?               Jerónimo de Ojeda

166. - 26 May 1666         Juan de Ocampo
26 May 1666 - Aug 1666     Samuel Smith (acting)
10 Nov 1666 - 1666         Sir James Modyford                 (d. 1673)
                             (commissioned, unable to take up post)
1666 - 1670                José Sánchez Jiménez

15 Dec 1670 - Jan 1671     Henry Morgan                       (b. c.1635 - d. 1688)
Officers for Aury
1818 - 18..                Juan Bautista Faiquere
18.. - 1821                Severo (Sévère) Courtois






© Ben Cahoon