Vatican City (Holy See)
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- Adopted 7 Jun 1929
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- Variant
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Map
of Vatican City
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Hear
National Anthem
"Inno e Marcia
Pontificale"
(Hymn and Pontifical
March)
Adopted 24 Dec 1949
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Former
Unofficial Anthem
"Gran Marcia Trionfale"
(Great Triumphal March)
(1929-24 Dec 1949)
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Fundamental
Law
(13 May 2023)
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Holy
See Website
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Lateran
Treaty
(11 Feb 1929; Patti
Lateranensi)
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Code of
Cannon Law
(27 Nov 1983)
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Apostolic
Constitutions
(constitutio
apostolica)
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Capital:
Vatican City
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Currency:
Euro (EUR);
1929-28 Feb 2002 Vatican City
Lira (VAL)
& Italian
Lira (ITL) |
National
Holidays:
13 Mar (2013)
Anniversario
dell'Elezione del Santo Padre
(Anniversary of
the election of the Holy Father)
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11 Feb (1929)
Anniversario della istituzione dello
Stato della Città del Vaticano
(Anniversary of the foundation of
Vatican City)
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Population:
1,000 (2019)
note: 2,832 lay
workers reside
outside the
Vatican (2011)
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GDP: N/A
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Revenues:
$315 million (2013)
Expenditures:
$348 million (2013)
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Ethnic groups:
Italian, Swiss, Argentinian, other
nationalities from around the world
(2017)
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Total
Active Armed Forces: Corps of Gendarmes: 130 (2017)
Defense is the
Responsibility of Italy
Merchant marine:
None (2019) |
Religions:
Roman Catholic 100% (2010)
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International
Organizations/Treaties Holy
See: AL (delegate), APM, AU
(observer), BTWC, CCM, CE (observer),
CTBT, CWC, ENMOD (signatory), FAO
(observer), IAEA, ICAO (observer), IFAD
(observer), ILO (observer), IMO
(observer), IOM, ISA (observer), LU (permanent observer), NAM (guest), NPT, OAS
(observer), OPCW, OSCE, OST (signatory),
PAM (associate), SICA (observer), UN
(observer), UNCLOS (observer), UNCTAD,
UNEP (observer), UNESCO (observer),
UNFCC, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO (observer), UNWTO (permanent observer), WFP (observer), WHO (permanent observer),
WIPO, WMO (observer), WTO (observer); Vatican
City: Eutelsat, Interpol, ITSO,
ITU, ITUC, UPU
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Vatican City
Index |
Chronology
c.60
Church of Rome founded by the Apostle
Peter.
14
Apr
754
Donation of the Frankish ruler Pepin
creates
a temporal Papal State for the Popes
of the
Roman Catholic Church (also called the
Papal
State or the States of the Church)
(see Papal State under Italian
states).
9
Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Popes
rule from Avignon in France, era is
referred to as the "Babylonian
Captivity
of the Church" by some historians.
15
Feb 1798 - 23 Nov 1798 In
rebellion: Roman Republic.
10 Jun 1809 - 24
Mar 1814 Papal State annexed to
France
26 Feb 1831 - 26
Mar 1831 In rebellion: United
Italian Provinces.
9 Feb 1849
- 4 Jul 1849 In rebellion:
Roman Republic.
9 Oct
1870
Papal State annexed by Italy.
9 Oct 1870
- 7 Jun 1929 Popes rule in
seclusion in the Vatican Palace
as "Prisoners in the Vatican."
7
Jun
1929
State of Vatican City established (Stato
della
Città
del Vaticano/Status Civitatis
Vaticanae);
independence from Italy by the Lateran
Treaty
signed on 11 Feb 1929.
22 Dec 1947
Italian
Constitution enshrines the Lateran
Treaty.
6 Apr 1964
Becomes a permanent observer at
the United Nations.
3 Jun
1985
Revised Lateran Pacts effected, signed
18 Feb 1984.
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List
of Popes
of the Roman
Catholic Church
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Papal
State
(1305-1870)
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Cardinals
of the
Catholic Church
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- Sovereigns¹
- 7 Jun 1929 - 10 Feb 1939 Pius
XI (Pope from 6 Feb 1922) (b.
1857 - d. 1939)
10 Feb 1939 - 2 Mar 1939 Gennaro
Cardinal
Granito
(b. 1851 - d. 1948)
Pignatelli di Belmonte
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Eugenio Cardinal
Pacelli
(b. 1876 - d. 1958)
(chamberlain)
2 Mar 1939 - 9 Oct 1958 Pius
XII (=
Pacelli)
(s.a.)
9 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct 1958
Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent
(b. 1884 - d. 1972)
Cardinal Tisserant (1st time)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Benedetto Cardinal
Aloisi (b.
1879 - d. 1970)
Masella (1st time) (chamberlain)
28 Oct 1958 - 3 Jun 1963 Ioannes
XXIII (= John
XXIII) (b. 1881 -
d. 1963)
3 Jun 1963 - 21 Jun 1963
Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent
(s.a.)
Cardinal Tisserant (2nd time)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Benedetto Cardinal
Aloisi
(s.a.)
Masella (2nd time) (chamberlain)
21 Jun 1963 - 6 Aug 1978 Paulus VI
(= Paul
VI)
(b. 1897 - d. 1978)
6 Aug 1978 - 26 Aug 1978 Carlo
Cardinal
Confalonieri
(b. 1893 - d.
1986)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
(1st
time)
+ Jean-Marie Cardinal
Villot (b. 1905 -
d. 1979)
(chamberlain) (1st time)
26 Aug 1978 - 28 Sep 1978 Ioannes Paulus
I (= John Paul I) (b. 1912 - d. 1978)
28 Sep 1978 - 16 Oct 1978 Carlo Cardinal
Confalonieri
(s.a.)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
(2nd time)
+ Jean-Marie Cardinal
Villot (s.a.)
(chamberlain) (2nd time)
16 Oct 1978 - 2 Apr 2005 Ioannes
Paulus II (= John Paul II) (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
2 Apr 2005 - 19 Apr 2005 Joseph
Cardinal
Ratzinger
(b. 1927 - d. 2022)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
(chamberlain)
19 Apr 2005 - 28 Feb 2013 Benedictus XVI
(= Benedict XVI) (s.a.)
(= Ratzinger)
28 Feb 2013 - 13 Mar 2013 Angelo Cardinal
Sodano
(b. 1927 - d. 2022)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Tarcisio Cardinal
Bertone (b.
1934)
(chamberlain)
13 Mar 2013
-
Franciscus (=
Francis)
(b. 1936)
- Secretaries of State
13 Oct 1914 - 10 Feb 1930 Pietro
Cardinal
Gasparri
(b. 1852 - d. 1934) Non-party
(acting 22 Jan - 6 Feb 1922)
10 Feb 1930 - 2 Mar 1939 Eugenio
Cardinal
Pacelli
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting from 10 Feb 1939)
2 Mar 1939 - 10 Mar
1939 Vacant
10 Mar 1939 - 22 Aug 1944 Luigi
Cardinal
Maglione
(b. 1877 - d. 1944) Non-party
22 Aug 1944 - 29 Nov 1952 Vacant
29 Nov 1952 - 9 Oct 1958 Domenico
Tardini (1st time)(acting)(b. 1888 - d. 1961)
Non-party
29 Nov 1952 - 1 Nov 1954 Giovanni
Battista
Montini
(b. 1897 - d. 1978) Non-party
(acting for Tardini)
9 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct
1958 Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella
(s.a.)
Non-party
(1st time)(acting)
29 Oct 1958 - 30 Jul 1961 Domenico
Tardini (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 18 Dec 1958, Domenico Cardinal Tardini)
(acting to 17 Nov 1958)
30 Jul 1961 - 12 Aug 1961 Angelo
Dell'Acqua
(acting)
(b. 1903 - d. 1972) Non-party
12 Aug 1961 - 3 Jun 1963 Amleto
Giovanni Cardinal Cicognani (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
Non-party
(1st
time)
3 Jun 1963 - 21 Jun
1963 Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)(acting)
21 Jun 1963 - 2 May 1969 Amleto
Giovanni Cardinal Cicognani
(s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time)
2 May 1969 -
9 Mar 1979 Jean Cardinal
Villot
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting 6 - 26 Aug 1978 and 28 Sep - 16
Oct 1978)
9 Mar 1979 - 28 Apr
1979 Giuseppe Caprio
(acting)
(b. 1914 - d. 2005) Non-party
28 Apr 1979 - 1 Dec 1990 Agostino
Casaroli
(b. 1914 - d. 1998) Non-party
(from 30 Jun 1979, Agostino Cardinal Casaroli)
(acting to 1 Jul 1979)
1 Dec 1990 -
2 Apr 2005 Angelo Sodano (1st
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(from 28 Jun 1991, Angelo Cardinal Sodano)
(acting to 29 Jun 1991)
2 Apr 2005 - 19 Apr
2005 Eduardo Martínez Cardinal
Somalo (s.a.)
Non-party
(acting)
19 Apr 2005 - 21 Apr 2005 Vacant
21 Apr 2005 - 15 Sep 2006 Angelo
Cardinal Sodano (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
15 Sep 2006 - 15 Oct 2013 Tarcisio
Cardinal
Bertone
(s.a.)
Non-party
15 Oct 2013
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Pietro
Parolin
(b.
1955)
Non-party
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(from 22 Feb 2014, Pietro Cardinal Parolin)
- Governor of the Vatican City
State
7 Jun 1929 - 21 Mar
1952 Camillo Serafini, marchese Serafini(b. 1864
- d. 1952) Non-party
Presidents of the Pontifical Commission
for Vatican City State
20 Mar 1939 - 3 Aug 1961 Nicola
Cardinal
Canali
(b. 1874 - d. 1961) Non-party
12 Aug 1961 - 30 Apr 1969 Amleto Giovanni
Cardinal Cicognani
(s.a.)
Non-party
14 Aug 1961 - 4 Nov 1968 Alberto
Cardinal di
Jorio
(b. 1884 - d. 1979) Non-party
(acting for Cicognani)
6 Nov 1968 - 30 Apr 1969 Sergio
Guerri
(b. 1905 - d. 1992) Non-party
(from 30 Apr 1969, Sergio Cardinal Guerri)
(acting for Cicognani)
2 May 1969 - 9 Mar 1979
Jean-Marie Cardinal
Villot
(s.a.)
Non-party
1 Jul 1979 - 8 Apr 1984
Agostino Cardinal Casaroli
(s.a.)
Non-party
2 May 1969 - 26 Sep 1981 Sergio
Cardinal
Guerri
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting [for Casaroli from 1 Jul 1979])
8 Apr 1984 - 31 Oct 1990 Sebastiano
Cardinal
Baggio
(b. 1913 - d. 1993) Non-party
31 Oct 1990 - 15 Oct 1997 Rosalio José
Cardinal Castillo Lara(b. 1922 - d. 2007)
Non-party
15 Oct 1997 - 22 Feb 2001 Edmund Casimir
Cardinal Szoka (b. 1927 -
d. 2014) Non-party
Presidents of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican
City State and
Presidents of the Governorate of Vatican
City State
22 Feb 2001 - 15 Sep 2006 Edmund Casimir
Cardinal Szoka
(s.a.)
Non-party
15 Sep 2006 - 1 Oct 2011 Giovanni
Lajolo
(b.
1935)
Non-party
(from 24 Nov 2007, Giovanni Cardinal Lajolo)
1 Oct 2011 - 1 Oct 2021
Giuseppe
Bertello
(b.
1942)
Non-party
(from 18 Feb 2012, Giuseppe Cardinal Bertello)
1 Oct 2021
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Fernando Vérgez
Alzaga
(b.
1945)
Non-party
(from 27
Aug 2022, Fernando Cardinal Vérgez Alzaga)
- No Political Parties Exist
(exclusive of influence exercised by officers of the
church).
Note:
Under the terms of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, the Holy See
has extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome,
including the Palace of the Holy Office and the
Lateran Palace (in 1979, Palazzo della Datarìa near the
Quirinal Palace was exchanged for the Palazzo Pio), and
five Italian sites outside of Rome, including the
Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo.
¹full style of ruler:
(a) from 7 Jun 1929 (Italian short form): Sommo
Pontefice, Sovrano dello Stato della Città del Vaticano;
(in Latin) Summus Pontifex, Princeps Civitatis
Vaticanae ("Supreme Pontiff, Sovereign
of the Vatican City State");
(i) 7 Jun 1929 - 1 Mar 2006 (Long
form): Vescovo di Roma, Vicario di
Gesù Cristo, Successore del principe degli apostoli,
Sommo Pontefice della chiesa universale, Patriarca di
Occidente, Primate d'Italia, Arcivescovo e Metropolita
della Provincia Romana, Sovrano dello Stato della Città
del Vaticano, Servo dei Servi di Dio; (in
Latin): Episcopus Romanus, Vicarius Iesu Christi,
Successor principis apostolorum, Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae
Universalis, Patriarcha Occidentis, Primatus Italiae,
Archiepiscopus metropolitanus provinciae Romanae, Summus
Pontifex, Princeps Civitatis Vaticanae, Servus Servorum
Dei ("Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of
the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the
Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy,
Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province,
Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the
Servants of God"); (ii) from 1 Mar
2006 (Long form): Vescovo
di Roma, Vicario di Gesù Cristo, Successore del
principe degli apostoli, Sommo Pontefice della chiesa
universale, Primate d'Italia, Arcivescovo e
Metropolita della Provincia Romana, Sovrano dello
Stato della Città del Vaticano, Servo dei Servi di Dio
("Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ,
Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff
of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop
and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the
Vatican City State, Servant of the Servants of God").
© Ben Cahoon
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