Vatican City (Holy See)

Vatican City (Holy See)

[Vatican
City (Holy See) flag]

Adopted 7 Jun 1929

[Vatican
City (Holy See) 2:3 variant flag]

Variant

Map of Vatican City Hear National Anthem
"Inno e Marcia Pontificale"
(Hymn and Pontifical March)
Adopted 24 Dec 1949
Former Unofficial Anthem
"Gran Marcia Trionfale"
(Great Triumphal March)
(1929-24 Dec 1949) Fundamental Law
(13 May 2023)

Holy See Website Lateran Treaty
(11 Feb 1929; Patti Lateranensi) Code of Cannon Law
(27 Nov 1983) Apostolic Constitutions
(constitutio apostolica)

Capital: Vatican City Currency: Euro (EUR);
1929-28 Feb 2002 Vatican City
Lira (VAL) & Italian Lira (ITL) National Holidays:
13 Mar (2013)
Anniversario dell'Elezione del Santo Padre (Anniversary of
the election of the Holy Father)
---------------------------------
11 Feb (1929)
Anniversario della istituzione dello Stato della Città del Vaticano (Anniversary of the foundation of Vatican City)
Population: 1,000 (2019)
note: 2,832 lay workers reside
outside the Vatican (2011)

GDP: N/A Revenues: $315 million (2013)
Expenditures: $348 million (2013) Ethnic groups: Italian, Swiss, Argentinian, other
nationalities from around the world (2017)

Total Active Armed Forces: Corps of Gendarmes: 130 (2017)
Defense is the Responsibility of Italy
Merchant marine: None (2019) Religions: Roman Catholic 100% (2010)

International Organizations/Treaties Holy See: AL (delegate), APM, AU (observer), BTWC, CCM, CE (observer), CTBT, CWC, ENMOD (signatory), FAO (observer), IAEA, ICAO (observer), IFAD (observer), ILO (observer), IMO (observer), IOM, ISA (observer), LU (permanent observer), NAM (guest), NPT, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, OST (signatory), PAM (associate), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNCLOS (observer), UNCTAD, UNEP (observer), UNESCO (observer), UNFCC, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO (observer), UNWTO (permanent observer), WFP (observer), WHO (permanent observer), WIPO, WMO (observer), WTO (observer); Vatican City: Eutelsat, Interpol, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, UPU

Vatican City
Index Chronology
c.60 Church of Rome founded by the Apostle Peter. 14 Apr 754 Donation of the Frankish ruler Pepin creates a temporal Papal State for the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church (also called the Papal State or the States of the Church) (see Papal State underItalian states). 9 Mar 1309 - 17 Jan 1377 Popes rule from Avignon in France, era is referred to as the "Babylonian Captivity of the Church" by some historians. 15 Feb 1798 - 23 Nov 1798 In rebellion: Roman Republic. 10 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1814 Papal State annexed toFrance 26 Feb 1831 - 26 Mar 1831 In rebellion: United Italian Provinces. 9 Feb 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 In rebellion: Roman Republic. 9 Oct 1870 Papal State annexed byItaly. 9 Oct 1870 - 7 Jun 1929 Popes rule in seclusion in the Vatican Palace as "Prisoners in the Vatican." 7 Jun 1929 State of Vatican City established (Stato della Città del Vaticano/Status Civitatis Vaticanae); independence from Italy by the Lateran Treaty signed on 11 Feb 1929. 22 Dec 1947 Italian Constitution enshrines the Lateran Treaty. 6 Apr 1964 Becomes a permanent observer at the United Nations. 3 Jun 1985 Revised Lateran Pacts effected, signed 18 Feb 1984.

List of Popes
of the Roman
Catholic Church

Papal State
(1305-1870)

Cardinals of the
Catholic Church

Sovereigns¹
7 Jun 1929 - 10 Feb 1939 Pius XI (Pope from 6 Feb 1922) (b. 1857 - d. 1939)10 Feb 1939 - 2 Mar 1939 Gennaro Cardinal Granito (b. 1851 - d. 1948) Pignatelli di Belmonte (dean of the College of Cardinals) + Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (b. 1876 - d. 1958) (chamberlain) 2 Mar 1939 - 9 Oct 1958 Pius XII (= Pacelli) (s.a.) 9 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct 1958 Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent (b. 1884 - d. 1972) Cardinal Tisserant (1st time) (dean of the College of Cardinals) + Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi (b. 1879 - d. 1970) Masella (1st time) (chamberlain)28 Oct 1958 - 3 Jun 1963 Ioannes XXIII (= John XXIII) (b. 1881 - d. 1963) 3 Jun 1963 - 21 Jun 1963 Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent (s.a.) Cardinal Tisserant (2nd time) (dean of the College of Cardinals) + Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi (s.a.) Masella (2nd time) (chamberlain)21 Jun 1963 - 6 Aug 1978 Paulus VI (= Paul VI) (b. 1897 - d. 1978) 6 Aug 1978 - 26 Aug 1978 Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri (b. 1893 - d. 1986) (dean of the College of Cardinals) (1st time) + Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot (b. 1905 - d. 1979) (chamberlain) (1st time)26 Aug 1978 - 28 Sep 1978 Ioannes Paulus I (= John Paul I) (b. 1912 - d. 1978)28 Sep 1978 - 16 Oct 1978 Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri (s.a.) (dean of the College of Cardinals) (2nd time) + Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot (s.a.) (chamberlain) (2nd time)16 Oct 1978 - 2 Apr 2005 Ioannes Paulus II (= John Paul II) (b. 1920 - d. 2005) 2 Apr 2005 - 19 Apr 2005 Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (b. 1927 - d. 2022) (dean of the College of Cardinals) + Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo (b. 1927 - d. 2021) (chamberlain)19 Apr 2005 - 28 Feb 2013 Benedictus XVI (= Benedict XVI) (s.a.) (= Ratzinger)28 Feb 2013 - 13 Mar 2013 Angelo Cardinal Sodano (b. 1927 - d. 2022) (dean of the College of Cardinals) + Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (b. 1934) (chamberlain)13 Mar 2013 - Franciscus (= Francis) (b. 1936)

Secretaries of State 13 Oct 1914 - 10 Feb 1930 Pietro Cardinal Gasparri (b. 1852 - d. 1934) Non-party (acting 22 Jan - 6 Feb 1922) 10 Feb 1930 - 2 Mar 1939 Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (s.a.) Non-party (acting from 10 Feb 1939) 2 Mar 1939 - 10 Mar 1939 Vacant 10 Mar 1939 - 22 Aug 1944 Luigi Cardinal Maglione (b. 1877 - d. 1944) Non-party 22 Aug 1944 - 29 Nov 1952 Vacant 29 Nov 1952 - 9 Oct 1958 Domenico Tardini (1st time)(acting)(b. 1888 - d. 1961) Non-party 29 Nov 1952 - 1 Nov 1954 Giovanni Battista Montini (b. 1897 - d. 1978) Non-party (acting for Tardini) 9 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct 1958 Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella (s.a.) Non-party (1st time)(acting) 29 Oct 1958 - 30 Jul 1961 Domenico Tardini (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party (from 18 Dec 1958, Domenico Cardinal Tardini) (acting to 17 Nov 1958) 30 Jul 1961 - 12 Aug 1961 Angelo Dell'Acqua (acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1972) Non-party 12 Aug 1961 - 3 Jun 1963 Amleto Giovanni Cardinal Cicognani (b. 1883 - d. 1973) Non-party (1st time) 3 Jun 1963 - 21 Jun 1963 Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time)(acting) 21 Jun 1963 - 2 May 1969 Amleto Giovanni Cardinal Cicognani (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time) 2 May 1969 - 9 Mar 1979 Jean Cardinal Villot (s.a.) Non-party (acting 6 - 26 Aug 1978 and 28 Sep - 16 Oct 1978) 9 Mar 1979 - 28 Apr 1979 Giuseppe Caprio (acting) (b. 1914 - d. 2005) Non-party 28 Apr 1979 - 1 Dec 1990 Agostino Casaroli (b. 1914 - d. 1998) Non-party (from 30 Jun 1979, Agostino Cardinal Casaroli) (acting to 1 Jul 1979) 1 Dec 1990 - 2 Apr 2005 Angelo Sodano (1st time) (s.a.) Non-party (from 28 Jun 1991, Angelo Cardinal Sodano) (acting to 29 Jun 1991) 2 Apr 2005 - 19 Apr 2005 Eduardo Martínez Cardinal Somalo (s.a.) Non-party (acting) 19 Apr 2005 - 21 Apr 2005 Vacant 21 Apr 2005 - 15 Sep 2006 Angelo Cardinal Sodano (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 15 Sep 2006 - 15 Oct 2013 Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (s.a.) Non-party 15 Oct 2013 - Pietro Parolin (b. 1955) Non-party
(from 22 Feb 2014, Pietro Cardinal Parolin)

Governor of the Vatican CityState 7 Jun 1929 - 21 Mar 1952 Camillo Serafini, marchese Serafini(b. 1864 - d. 1952) Non-party Presidents of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

No Political Parties Exist (exclusive of influence exercised by officers of the church).

Note: Under the terms of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, the Holy See has extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome,including the Palace of the Holy Office and the Lateran Palace (in 1979, Palazzo della Datarìa near the Quirinal Palace was exchanged for the Palazzo Pio), and five Italian sites outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo. ¹full style of ruler: (a) from 7 Jun 1929 (Italian short form): Sommo Pontefice, Sovrano dello Stato della Città del Vaticano; (in Latin) Summus Pontifex, Princeps Civitatis Vaticanae("Supreme Pontiff, Sovereign of the Vatican City State"); (i) 7 Jun 1929 - 1 Mar 2006 (Long form): Vescovo di Roma, Vicario di Gesù Cristo, Successore del principe degli apostoli, Sommo Pontefice della chiesa universale, Patriarca di Occidente, Primate d'Italia, Arcivescovo e Metropolita della Provincia Romana, Sovrano dello Stato della Città del Vaticano, Servo dei Servi di Dio;(in Latin): Episcopus Romanus, Vicarius Iesu Christi, Successor principis apostolorum, Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis, Patriarcha Occidentis, Primatus Italiae, Archiepiscopus metropolitanus provinciae Romanae, Summus Pontifex, Princeps Civitatis Vaticanae, Servus Servorum Dei ("Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the Servants of God");

(ii) from 1 Mar 2006 (Long form): Vescovo di Roma, Vicario di Gesù Cristo, Successore del principe degli apostoli, Sommo Pontefice della chiesa universale, Primate d'Italia, Arcivescovo e Metropolita della Provincia Romana, Sovrano dello Stato della Città del Vaticano, Servo dei Servi di Dio("Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the Servants of God").